Method for computer-supported provision of an adaptation specification for electrotechnical installation technology

Abstract

The invention relates to a method (100) for computer-supported provision of an adaptation specification for electrotechnical installation technology, and preferably for an electrical sensor system and / or actuator system in a machine (10), in particular for an electrotechnical system (10), preferably an automation system, comprising the following steps: determining (101) an action specification, specifying a user-defined action, in which at least one part of a machine (10) is changed and / or extended and / or exchanged for the maintenance of the machine (10), and which is provided for achieving and / or extending and / or restoring functionality of the machine (10); evaluating (102) a machine specification, wherein the machine specification specifies at least one structure of the machine (10), wherein the evaluation (102) automatically identifies at least one adaptation of the machine (10), based on the structure, which is required in order to carry out the user-defined action in order to achieve and / or restore the functionality of the machine (10); generating (103) the adaptation specification based on the performed evaluation (102), wherein the adaptation specification specifies the at least one identified adaptation; and providing (104) the adaptation specification for the maintenance of the machine (10).

Description

[0001] Description

[0002] Method for the computer-aided provision of an adaptation specification for an electrical installation technology

[0003] The present invention relates to a method for the computer-assisted provision of an adaptation specification for an electrical installation. Furthermore, the invention relates to a computer program and a device for this purpose.

[0004] State of the art

[0005] It is well known that electrical systems require regular maintenance after installation and commissioning, which may also require the replacement of machine parts. Maintenance becomes problematic when spare parts are unavailable or the requirements of the machine change. In such cases, enormous effort is often required to identify and implement alternative spare parts.

[0006] It is also known from the prior art that electrical systems are not only designed with a centralized topology with a central control cabinet, but can also alternatively or additionally have a decentralized topology. This allows actuators and sensors to be interconnected at least partially decentrally via connection modules and connected to a central control device such as a PLC.

[0007] Disclosure of the invention

[0008] It is an object of the present invention to at least partially remedy the disadvantages described above. In particular, it is an object of the present invention to enable improved installation and maintenance of parts of an electrical machine.

[0009] The invention relates to a method having the features of claim 1, a computer program having the features of claim 14, and a device having the features of claim 15. Further features and details of the invention emerge from the respective subclaims, the description, and the drawings. Features and details described in connection with the method according to the invention naturally also apply in connection with the computer program according to the invention and the device according to the invention, and vice versa, so that with regard to the disclosure of the individual aspects of the invention, reference is always made to each other.

[0010] The subject matter of the invention is in particular a method for the computer-aided provision of an adaptation specification for an electrical installation technology, and preferably for at least one machine component such as devices and / or an electrical sensor system and / or actuator system in a machine and / or for an electrical system, preferably an automation system.

[0011] A machine component can advantageously comprise at least one of the following within the scope of the invention:

[0012] - at least one or more sensors,

[0013] - at least one or more actuators,

[0014] - at least one or more connection modules,

[0015] - at least one or more adapters,

[0016] - at least one or more distributors,

[0017] - at least one or more switches,

[0018] - at least one or more hubs,

[0019] - at least one or more electrical fuses,

[0020] - at least one or more power supplies,

[0021] - at least one or more switches,

[0022] - at least one or more safety devices, in particular safety equipment,

[0023] - at least one or more protective structures,

[0024] - at least one or more lighting systems,

[0025] - at least one or more signal converters,

[0026] - at least one or more electrical transformers,

[0027] - at least one or more cables,

[0028] - at least one or more cameras,

[0029] - at least one or more image analysis tools,

[0030] - at least one or more advertisements,

[0031] - at least one or more operating components,

[0032] - at least one or more generators,

[0033] - at least one or more terminal boxes,

[0034] - at least one or more connectors.

[0035] "Electrical installation technology" refers in particular to (and includes in particular) measures for the installation and / or maintenance, in particular servicing and / or expansion and / or networking and / or new construction and / or redesign of such a machine, in particular an electrical system. Its particular objective is to ensure safe and efficient power and / or signal distribution within the machine, preferably an electrical system, and to ensure the specified functionality of the machine.

[0036] The machine can be designed as a (real) electrical system, which can thus have various components and one or more control units that are spatially distributed and decentralized. The control units can, for example, comprise at least one PLC (programmable logic controller) and / or at least one industrial computer. The control unit or at least one of the control units can also be referred to or designed as a central control device. The components can also be referred to as machine components within the scope of the invention and include, for example, electrical components such as actuators and sensors. The sensors can be designed to detect states or measured values ​​of the machine (or system), such as, for example, temperature, pressure or speed. The actuators can be designed to generate a mechanical effect. For this purpose, the actuators can comprise, for example, motors, pumps and / or valves.Furthermore, the actuators can be controlled by the at least one control unit and the sensors can be evaluated by the at least one control unit. To enable this, the at least one control unit and the machine components can be connected to one another via distribution modules. A communications network such as a fieldbus or an Industrial Ethernet or the like can also be provided to connect at least part of the at least one control unit and / or the distribution modules and / or possibly also the machine components. Furthermore, operating and monitoring systems can be provided which, for example, comprise interfaces such as touchscreens or display instruments that supply the operator with information and enable control inputs. In addition, monitoring components and protective devices can also be provided which protect the machine (or the machine itself) in the event of malfunctions or dangerous situations.Safely shut down the system or put it into a safe state. This enables the machine, and especially an automation system, to perform processes automatically, efficiently, repeatably, and with high precision.

[0037] The method according to the invention can comprise, according to a first method step, determining a measure specification. The measure specification can specify a user-defined measure in which, for the maintenance of a machine, at least one part of the machine is modified and / or supplemented and / or replaced, and / or which is intended to maintain and / or supplement and / or restore a functionality of the machine. Thus, the measure specification can be, for example, a user input in which a desired measure of an operator is technically specified.

[0038] Furthermore, according to a further method step, the method according to the invention can comprise evaluating a machine specification, wherein the machine specification specifies at least one structure of the machine. Based on the structure, the evaluation can automatically identify at least one adaptation to the machine that is necessary to implement the user-defined measure, preferably to maintain and / or restore the functionality of the machine.

[0039] Furthermore, according to a further method step, the method according to the invention can comprise generating the adaptation specification on the basis of the evaluation carried out, wherein the adaptation specification specifies the at least one identified adaptation.

[0040] Finally, according to a further method step, the method according to the invention can comprise providing the adaptation specification for the maintenance of the machine.

[0041] The process steps can be carried out sequentially and / or repeatedly and can be initiated, for example, by a user entering the action specification.

[0042] The method can have the advantage of simplifying and improving machine maintenance with computer support. In other words, for an existing machine (with an existing topology), an automatic adaptation can be proposed that is necessary or useful for a maintenance measure. It may be possible for the adaptation specification to be provided with computer support by a data processing device (data processing device) executing the aforementioned method steps at least partially or completely. Thus, the method according to the invention can also be computer-implemented.

[0043] "Computer-aided" is understood in particular to mean that an operator's activity on the physical machine is supported by at least one data processing device, such as a computer. For this purpose, the adaptation specification can be generated, for example, based on digital processing by the at least one data processing device and output to the operator. The output can be provided, for example, visually via a display such as a screen and / or acoustically via a loudspeaker. The adaptation specification can include text information that clearly specifies for the operator what type of adaptation and / or how the adaptation is to be carried out. Accordingly, the adaptation specification can contain at least one of the following information:

[0044] A type of adaptation, e.g. a replacement of a machine component and / or a change of at least one connection and / or a change and / or a replacement of at least one distribution module,

[0045] An activity on the machine intended for adaptation, e.g. switching off a machine component and / or cable assembly and / or ordering spare parts,

[0046] A location of the adjustment, e.g. a position and / or a segment of the machine, A time and / or a duration of the adjustment, e.g. to determine a maintenance period,

[0047] A specification of at least one component required for the adaptation, e.g., a spare part and / or at least one distribution module.

[0048] Similarly, the measure specification may contain at least one of the following information:

[0049] A type of measure, e.g. a replacement of a machine component and / or a change of at least one connection and / or a maintenance work and / or a maintenance and / or an addition and / or a restoration of a functionality of the machine,

[0050] An activity on the machine intended for the measure,

[0051] A location of the measure, e.g. a position and / or a segment of the machine, A time and / or duration of execution of the measure, A specification of at least one component required for the measure, preferably a machine component, e.g. a spare part,

[0052] A specification of the at least one part of the machine which is changed and / or supplemented and / or replaced,

[0053] A specification of the functionality of the machine which is to be maintained and / or supplemented and / or restored.

[0054] The action specification can be obtained, for example, via user input and / or from an output of a predictive maintenance system or similar. Receiving the action specification from a predictive maintenance system enables the action to be carried out in the form of maintenance work on the machine or system based on automated forecasts.

[0055] The adaptation specification can specify the identified adaptation, where the adaptation includes, for example, an adaptation of the programming for the control device and / or input and output addresses and / or an adaptation of the spare part. The adaptation of the spare part can occur, for example, if a spare part specified according to the measure specification is not available. Accordingly, the adaptation specification can then specify an alternative spare part. At least two situations can occur:

[0056] The spare part specified according to the action specification is a spare part of the same type as the spare part specified according to the adaptation specification, but has a different technical specification (e.g., requirements of the spare part regarding single-channel or double-channel configuration and / or requirements regarding power consumption, etc.). A further adaptation to the machine can then be identified, such as the installation and / or replacement of at least one distribution module that supports the corresponding requirement. For example, an existing distribution module of the machine that supports single-channel must be replaced with one that supports double-channel in order to use the adapted spare part.

[0057] The spare part specified in the action specification is a different type of spare part than the spare part specified in the adaptation specification. For example, the spare part specified in the action specification may be a light barrier that needs to be replaced. If the evaluation determines that this spare part is not available, a different type of spare part may be considered. Therefore, the evaluation may also identify an adaptation that specifies a different type of spare part, e.g., a mechanical and / or reed switch and / or an ultrasonic proximity sensor as an alternative spare part. This may require further adaptations to use the alternative spare part. These can also be specified in the adaptation specification.

[0058] Furthermore, a machine specification may be provided. The machine specification may specify a machine structure in digital form, e.g., using at least one circuit diagram and / or one mechanical connection diagram and / or one electrical connection diagram, each of which may be present digitally in a data storage device and / or may be part of the machine specification. Furthermore, based on the machine specification, identifiers such as equipment markings and / or article numbers and / or manufacturer numbers and / or serial numbers of the components used in the machine may also be available and / or evaluated.The aforementioned information specifies the structure accordingly and can be used to automatically identify, through the evaluation, at least one adjustment to the machine that is necessary to implement the user-defined measure in order to maintain and / or restore the functionality of the machine. The automated evaluation can, for example, include at least one of the following actions:

[0059] Determining an identifier for a machine component specified by the measure specification,

[0060] Check, in particular using the determined identifier, whether the specified machine component is available for the measure,

[0061] - Evaluation of at least one database containing information on the availability of machine components for testing,

[0062] Determine an alternative machine component if the specified machine component is not available for the measure,

[0063] Testing the alternative machine component for the measure, e.g. by simulating the functionality of the machine when using the alternative machine component and / or by comparing the technical specifications of the specified and the alternative machine component in order to determine the suitability and / or evaluation of the alternative machine component,

[0064] Check whether and which adjustment(s) to the machine lead to an improvement in suitability and / or evaluation, e.g. by simulating the functionality of various adjustments to the machine, whereby the various adjustments are checked, e.g. rule-based, according to a predefined rule-based algorithm,

[0065] Identifying the at least one adaptation to the machine, wherein the adaptation which leads to the highest suitability and / or rating is identified.

[0066] Furthermore, within the scope of the invention, it is optionally possible for the evaluation of the machine specification to include the following step, which is carried out automatically by an analysis program:

[0067] Analyzing the machine with regard to its topology, which can be at least partially decentralized, wherein for this purpose machine components and / or distribution modules of the machine and their connections and / or functions are preferably evaluated and / or simulated segmentally and / or iteratively based on the machine specification, wherein the machine specification preferably specifies the topology with regard to an arrangement of the distribution modules, which are provided for the decentralized connection of the machine components to a control device in order to electrically and / or signal-wise control and / or evaluate the machine components on the basis of control commands transmitted from the control device to the distribution modules via a fieldbus, wherein the adaptation specification preferably specifies a change in the topology and / or at least one of the machine components and / or at least one of the distribution modules,to enable implementation of the user-defined measure, wherein the measure specification preferably specifies a replacement of at least one of the machine components, particularly if the machine component to be replaced is in a defective state. The analysis program can, for example, comprise a rule-based algorithm to automatically evaluate various adaptations. For this purpose, the analysis program can also perform a simulation of the machine's functionality, which checks the impact of the adaptations on the functionality. In this way, a suitability and / or evaluation of the respective adaptation can be determined. This advantageously enables the analysis program to define the adaptation that leads to the highest evaluation and / or suitability as the identified adaptation.

[0068] It may further be possible for the machine specification to include an installation specification comprising a digitized electrical circuit diagram and / or a digitized mechanical blueprint of the machine to specify the structure of the machine at least at the time of installation and / or at a later modification of the machine. The machine specification may include machine control information to specify the functionality of the machine at least at the time of installation and / or at the later modification. Furthermore, the at least one identified adaptation may include an adaptation of the machine control information.The machine control information can include and / or specify at least one of the following: a program and / or commands and / or input and output parameters such as addresses and / or a specification of connections, each for controlling at least one machine component and / or at least one distribution module. Specifically, the machine control information can specify the specific data, instructions, and / or parameters required to control a workflow or process in a machine or system. The machine control information can, for example, be used for a central control device such as a programmable logic controller (PLC) and can include sequences of commands and logic coded in a special (particularly PLC) program. The logic codes are, for example, control logic codes written in a language understandable by the PLC (e.g., IL, FLIP, LD).This logic defines how the machine should react to certain inputs or states. The input and output parameters can define the use of interfaces to the machine components and / or distribution modules. This allows inputs such as input and output parameters and outputs such as instructions to motors or valves to be used, i.e. received and / or sent. It may be possible for the machine control information to define the connection (i.e., which ports and / or which communication network and / or which addresses) via which the inputs are received and / or the outputs are sent. The machine control information is therefore dependent on a specific machine structure, which can be changed if necessary through the identified adaptation.Thus, it may be provided that the identified adaptation includes an adaptation of the machine control information in order to take this change into account and at the same time ensure the functionality of the machine.

[0069] For example, it may be provided that the provision of the adaptation specification includes at least the following step:

[0070] Outputting adapted machine control information, preferably in the form of a machine control file and / or a configuration file, preferably based on an IO Device Description and / or GSD Markup Language structure, and / or a sensor configuration, wherein the at least one identified adaptation preferably comprises an adaptation of device addresses and / or device identifiers and / or input and output addresses of the machine control information, preferably for controlling at least one machine component by a central control device, particularly preferably a PLC. The machine control information, especially in the form of control or configuration files, can thus include detailed information and / or parameters in order to reliably control and configure machines and systems. Standardized formats such as the IO Device Description (IO-DD) and the GSD Markup Language (GSDML) are of particular importance here.The IO-DD standardizes the properties and capabilities of IO devices, such as sensors and actuators, and thus facilitates their integration into control systems. GSDML, an XML-based language, describes, for example, device properties for PROFINET systems. It is often provided by device manufacturers and can then be used for machine installation and maintenance. Furthermore, the machine control information can include at least one sensor configuration file. This can specify specific settings for a sensor to ensure its correct function in the machine. The machine control information can thus significantly simplify and optimize the installation and commissioning of machine components in the machine.

[0071] Furthermore, it may be provided that the provision of the adaptation specification includes at least the following step:

[0072] Instructing a user step by step to carry out the user-defined measure taking into account the identified adaptations, preferably by specifying connections and / or a sequence of connections and / or a connection specification for the connections of at least one machine component in order to integrate a spare part into the machine.

[0073] The step-by-step instructions can be provided, for example, via an output device, e.g., visually via a screen and / or acoustically via a speaker and / or via augmented reality. The instructions can, for example, include several instructions, in particular at least one of the following:

[0074] Safety instructions (“Ensure that the machine is switched off and actuators are disconnected from the power supply before starting maintenance” or “If possible, make a backup of all important data and configurations”),

[0075] Preparatory instructions (“Determine the current state of the machine”), localization instructions (“Locate the specific machine component that needs to be serviced”),

[0076] Testing instructions (“Check the connection arrangement”), installation instructions (“Disconnect all physical connections or ports leading to the machine component”, “Follow the specific instructions displayed by the computer to perform the actual maintenance task”),

[0077] - Final instructions (“After completing the maintenance work, ensure that all connections and connectors of the machine component are correctly and safely restored.”).

[0078] In addition, the step-by-step instructions can also include controlling and / or evaluating at least one machine component. This can serve to provide an operator with information about the instructions (e.g., illuminating a connector's lamp when a cable is to be connected) or to verify the correct implementation of the instructions (e.g., by means of a connection test).

[0079] Advantageously, within the scope of the invention, the adaptation specification can be provided by outputting an adapted digitized circuit diagram and / or construction plan, preferably based on an ECAD or MCAD structure, and / or a connection configuration for the machine. The adaptation of the aforementioned specifications, such as the circuit diagram and / or construction plan and / or the ECAD (Electronic Computer-Aided Design) or MCAD (Electronic Computer-Aided Design) structure and / or the connection configuration, can be carried out computer-assisted, for example, by at least one of the following steps:

[0080] Importing the specification, e.g., by importing a file,

[0081] Checking the imported file, especially a plan and / or structure defined therein, for errors or missing elements,

[0082] - Adapting and / or adding elements and / or components, preferably using a component library, e.g. an ECAD or MCAD library,

[0083] Use of routing algorithms to automatically check and / or establish and / or change connections between the components,

[0084] Using simulation to ensure that the adjustments are correct and functional, e.g. by checking circuit diagrams for electrical functionality (especially ECAD) and / or a structural or kinematic analysis (especially MCAD),

[0085] - Updating documentation, preferably parts lists and / or a connection diagram for the machine.

[0086] The adaptation specification may, for example, be provided by outputting the adapted specification and / or updated documentation visually and / or digitally and / or acoustically and / or physically (e.g. as a paper printout).

[0087] Preferably, within the scope of the invention, the evaluation can be carried out on the basis of a rule-based algorithm and / or a simulation of the machine in order to analyze individual parts of the machine depending on the user-defined measure with regard to the at least one identified adaptation. The simulation can be used in the evaluation, for example, in the form of an ECAD or MCAD

[0088] simulation tool and / or a simulation tool based on it. Furthermore, the simulation can be used to analyze the electrical behavior and / or behavior of the components and / or mechanical and / or electrical loads (such as energy consumption and heat generation).

[0089] Optionally, it can be provided that an automatic check is carried out in which the maintenance and / or supplementation and / or restoration of the functionality and preferably compliance with technical specifications is checked in the event of implementation of the user-defined measure on the machine, preferably on the basis of a simulation of the user-defined measure and the at least one identified adaptation.

[0090] It may optionally be possible for the evaluation to further include the following steps:

[0091] Selecting at least one spare part from a spare part catalogue, preferably in the form of an electronic database,

[0092] Determining a technical specification for this spare part, wherein the at least one adaptation is identified based on the determined technical specification. The spare parts can be specified and read out in a database, for example, by a manufacturer and / or serial and / or article and / or part number. Furthermore, further information such as technical specifications and / or compatibility with other components and / or availability (such as an available quantity) and / or cost information can also be provided. This enables reliable identification of a suitable spare part.

[0093] According to a further possibility, it can be provided that at least the following step is carried out to determine the machine specification:

[0094] Determining the actual structure of the machine, preferably by determining the electrical machine components and / or their topology actually installed on the machine.

[0095] Particularly with existing machines, it may be that the actual structure and in particular the actual topology deviates from that originally planned and thus possibly from the machine specification. It may therefore be useful to automatically determine the current structure of the machine and, if necessary, update the machine specification on this basis. The evaluation of the updated machine specification then makes it possible to reliably determine the adaptation requirements for the measure in the actual structure. This determination can also include reading out and / or querying the electrical components currently installed on the machine and their topology. To determine the actual structure, identifiers of the machine components can be received and / or determined based on the real machine. For example:A communication network can be used to receive signals from the components and / or distribution modules, which provide information about the identity of the components or distribution modules and / or their interconnection and thus the topology. If components cannot be read directly via the communication network, e.g., in the case of actuators such as motors, information about the identity of the components and topology can be obtained via the distribution modules.

[0096] According to an advantageous development of the invention, it can be provided that an automatic optimization of the evaluation, preferably a simulation within the scope of the evaluation, is carried out on the basis of user-defined criteria, wherein the user-defined criteria comprise at least one of the following: a framework for the user-defined measure, at least one user-defined preference for an application purpose of the machine, a predetermined maximum installation time for a spare part and / or an additional part for the machine, a technical effort and / or complexity according to which the evaluation is optimized, a component availability according to which the evaluation is optimized, a manufacturer's specification for additional parts which are installed on the machine as part of the user-defined measure.

[0097] This can provide a sufficient data basis for adaptation.

[0098] For example, it can be provided that the machine specification specifies a topology of several distribution modules of the machine, which are preferably divided into an active and a passive type, wherein the active distribution modules, in contrast to the passive distribution modules, are connected to a central control device via a data connection in order to control machine components connected to the distribution modules based on the data connection, wherein the type of the distribution modules can be taken into account in the evaluation, so that the at least one identified adaptation comprises at least one of the following adaptations: a change in the addressing of the machine components via the data connection, a selection of the type for a distribution module to be incorporated into the machine, a selection of a number of connections for a distribution module to be incorporated into the machine, a selection of cables and / or adapters and / or distributors for the machine,a selection of the type of distribution module to be incorporated into the machine depending on the machine components to be connected thereto, in particular electrical components, preferably depending on at least one requirement of a sensor and / or actuator system.

[0099] The requirement can, for example, include a requirement for a connection, such as the requirement that at least one of the following connections must be present on a component: lOLink, data, signal, analog, digital, M5, M8, M12, port, Class A, Class B, Di (digital input), Do (digital output), DIO (digital input / output). Furthermore, the requirement can also specify a requirement for at least one electrical property, e.g. a power requirement. lOLink can be a connection for using standardized IO technology, which in particular enables communication with sensors and actuators. Data connections can be provided for the exchange of information, which is particularly embodied in digital or analog form. Accordingly, a signal connection can enable the input and / or output of an analog or digital signal.Furthermore, M8 (Connector Type M8) and M12 (Connector Type M12) can be designed as connector types that are particularly used in industrial automation. Class A (specifically, a port with lower power consumption) and Class B (specifically, a port with higher power consumption) can represent different categories of the component's IO-Link ports. Di (Digital Input) can be designed as an input signal that has only two states, while Do (Digital Output) can be an output signal that also has only two states. A DIO (Digital Input / Output) connection can be designed as both an input and an output.

[0100] A further advantage within the scope of the invention can be achieved if the machine is controlled and / or constructed and / or adapted on the basis of the provided adaptation specification.

[0101] The invention also relates to a data processing device, comprising means for carrying out the steps of the method according to the invention. Thus, the device according to the invention offers the same advantages as have been described in detail with reference to a method according to the invention. Also related to the invention is a computer program, in particular a computer program product, comprising instructions which, when the computer program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the method according to the invention. Thus, the computer program according to the invention offers the same advantages as have been described in detail with reference to a method according to the invention.

[0102] A data processing device, for example the device according to the invention, which executes the computer program can be provided as the computer. The computer can have at least one processor for executing the computer program. A non-volatile data memory can also be provided, in which the computer program is stored and from which the computer program can be read by the processor for execution.

[0103] It is also conceivable for the computer to comprise at least one integrated circuit such as a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an application-specific standard product (ASSP), a digital signal processor (DSP), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or the like. The computer may further comprise at least one interface for data exchange, e.g., an Ethernet interface, an interface for a LAN (local area network), a WLAN (wireless local area network), a system-on-a-chip (SoC), or another wireless interface such as Bluetooth or near-field communication (NFC). Furthermore, the computer may be configured as one or more control units, i.e., as a system of control units. The computer may, for example, also be provided in a cloud and / or as a server in order to provide data processing for a local application via the interface.It is also possible that the computer is designed as a mobile device, such as a smartphone.

[0104] The invention may also provide a computer-readable storage medium comprising the computer program according to the invention. The storage medium is designed, for example, as a data storage device such as a hard disk and / or a non-volatile memory and / or a memory card. The storage medium can, for example, be integrated into the computer.

[0105] Furthermore, the method according to the invention can also be implemented as a computer-implemented method.

[0106] Further advantages, features, and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description, which describes embodiments of the invention in detail with reference to the drawings. The features mentioned in the claims and in the description may be essential to the invention individually or in any combination. They show:

[0107] Fig. 1 : A central connection in a machine using a control cabinet.

[0108] Fig. 2: A decentralized interconnection according to embodiments of the invention.

[0109] Fig. 3: A schematic representation to visualize a process, a

[0110] Device and a computer program according to embodiments of the invention.

[0111] In the following figures, identical reference numerals are used for the same technical features, even in different embodiments.

[0112] Planning and adapting a topology for electrical, decentralized automation technology is a time-consuming process when performed by a human planner. Similarly, maintenance, such as servicing and adding to a machine, is often associated with significant effort. The following describes exemplary embodiments of the invention that substantially increase efficiency in planning and / or maintenance through automation based on machine specifications such as mCAD and / or eCAD data. This can lead to greater assembly efficiency in terms of optimal component arrangement, as well as to greater implementation efficiency, which is realized by providing an adaptation specification for a user, especially a worker.

[0113] Fig. 1 schematically shows a central interconnection using a control cabinet 9 in order to compare this with a decentralized interconnection using spatially decentralized electrical modules 3, 4 of a machine 10 in Fig. 2. The modules 3, 4 can comprise different types of distribution modules 30. In particular, the modules 3, 4 are divided into an active and a passive type of distribution module 30. In this case, the active distribution modules 30, in contrast to the passive distribution modules 30, can be connected to the central control device 20 via a data connection 50 in order to control machine components 40 connected to the distribution modules 30 based on the data connection 50. In other words, passive distribution modules 30, in contrast to the active distribution modules 30, can provide the connection between the control device 20 and the devices 5 in a "hard-wired" manner.This must be taken into account in particular during the evaluation 102 by the method 100. The machine components 40 can comprise devices 5 such as sensors and actuators. Instead of connecting all devices 5 directly to the control cabinet 9, as shown in Fig. 1, in the decentralized interconnection in Fig. 2, several modules 4 can be used as at least a partial replacement for the control cabinet. Like the control cabinet 9, these modules enable the devices 5 to be coupled to the control device 20, such as a PLC. However, the modules 4 can be provided in a decentralized and distributed manner near the devices 5. The individual modules 4 thus only partially interconnect the devices 5, whereby the modules 4 can together carry out the entire interconnection, optionally via one and / or more hubs 6 each.

[0114] To enable the central configuration and / or control of the modules 4, a master module 3 can be connected upstream of several of the individual modules 4. It is also possible for the interconnection to be further subdivided using at least one hub 6.

[0115] According to embodiments of the invention, Fig. 3 illustrates a method 100 for the computer-assisted provision of an adaptation specification for an electrical installation system, and preferably for electrical sensors and / or actuators in a machine 10, in particular for an electrical system 10, preferably an automation system. Furthermore, Fig. 3 shows a device 1 and a computer program 2 according to embodiments of the invention, which can be provided for implementing the method 100.

[0116] Maintaining electrical automation technology is a complex task. This applies to centralized control cabinet concepts as well as decentralized concepts in which control modules are attached directly to the equipment. The corresponding processes are carried out by various people, such as system planners, electrical planners, installers, system programmers, etc. Modifying the machine involves a significant amount of effort and requires precise knowledge of the machine's functional relationships to ensure its existing functionality is maintained. Therefore, when replacing defective parts, spare parts of the same type are usually used.

[0117] A key challenge here is the adaptation and expansion of an existing machine, particularly for maintenance purposes. For example, it is possible that faulty parts of the machine need to be replaced, or that the machine's functionality needs to be supplemented or improved. For this purpose, new parts must be connected to the machine in such a way that existing requirements are met and functionality is maintained. Particularly if the machine's structure has been modified after initial installation and / or if spare parts are poorly available, it may be necessary to make further adaptations to the machine in addition to a maintenance measure in order to enable the maintenance measure to meet existing or new requirements. The identification of such an adaptation can be supported automatically by method 100 according to embodiments of the invention.

[0118] According to a first method step 101, a measure specification is first determined. The measure specification can specify a user-defined measure in which at least one part of the machine 10 is modified and / or supplemented and / or replaced for the maintenance of the machine 10. The measure can be intended to maintain and / or supplement and / or restore a functionality of the machine 10.

[0119] According to a second method step 102, an evaluation of a machine specification may be provided. The machine specification may specify at least one structure of the machine 10. Based on the structure, the evaluation 102 may automatically identify at least one adaptation to the machine 10 that is necessary to implement the user-defined measure in order to maintain and / or restore the functionality of the machine 10.

[0120] According to a third method step 103, the adaptation specification can be generated based on the performed evaluation 102, wherein the adaptation specification specifies the at least one identified adaptation. Then, according to a fourth method step 104, the adaptation specification can be provided for maintenance of the machine 10.

[0121] The adaptation specification may propose an adaptation measure to be carried out in addition to the maintenance measure (maintenance measure) in order to further optimize the maintenance of the machine and / or to ensure technical feasibility due to requirements arising from changed components and / or parts and / or spare parts availability.

[0122] Automating the process for maintaining a machine 10 significantly simplifies work for the installer and ensures optimal system design. By taking into account a machine specification, e.g., by reading mCAD and / or eCAD data, and, if necessary, reading the electrical components currently installed on the machine and their topology, the method 100 can independently detect necessary adjustments and, if necessary, support the step-by-step installation of a spare part. This can, for example, include instructions on which electrical components should be connected and in which order this connection should take place.The quick and error-free creation of a machine control file for adapting the programming of a control device 20, as well as a parts list for the automation technology used, can also be possible based on the machine specification and preferably an automatically generated topology. Performing simulations can also ensure that the functionality of the machine 10 is maintained even if the topology needs to be changed or if spare parts of the same type are not available. Suggestions for changing the topology can be made automatically.

[0123] A concrete example is the replacement of a light barrier. Traditionally, the replacement part must correspond to the type specified in the original planning. However, if this replacement part is unavailable, very expensive (unnecessary expense), or difficult to obtain, a different part (a different light barrier or a different type of detector) may be used. It may even be possible to improve the functionality of the machine with a different replacement part. However, such a replacement with a different type of spare part requires a significant planning effort and very good knowledge of the machine 10. The method 100 enables the automation of this process. For example, a different light barrier or even a different type of sensor can be proposed to replace the light barrier to be replaced, thus specifying an adaptation for maintenance.

[0124] For example, mechanical and / or electrical properties of the replacement part can be specified as an adaptation specification. For example, based on a digitally recorded topology, it can be evaluated whether and how the topology needs to be adapted so that the functionality of machine 10 is retained after replacement. To this end, the evaluation takes into account, for example, the requirements of the replacement part with regard to a single-channel or double-channel configuration. Here, different distributors (i.e. distribution modules) can be selected or exchanged as an adaptation, which can support single or double channel. Depending on the configuration, the use of a T-piece can also allow the connection of two sensors to one port as an adaptation. Depending on the type of output of the replacement part (analog or digital), A / D converters could be included in the topology as a further adaptation. The pin assignment could also be adapted if necessary.Adapters could be used to resolve compatibility issues or expand functionality. Furthermore, ports could be programmed as both input and output to increase flexibility. This can also be part of a customization. A safety port could also be added as a further customization to ensure the safety of the system. Furthermore, the power consumption of the electrical system may need to be adjusted. This could involve using a different power supply or installing an additional power supply to meet higher energy demands or increase power reliability.

[0125] The computer program 2 shown in Fig. 3 can further comprise an analysis program which enables the automatic execution of the evaluation 102 of the machine specification. In this case, the machine 10 can be analyzed with regard to its topology. The topology can at least partially have the decentralized topology illustrated in Fig. 2. For this purpose, the machine components 40 and / or the distribution modules 30 of the machine 10 and their connections and / or functions can be evaluated and / or simulated, preferably segment by segment and / or iteratively, based on the machine specification. In Fig. 2, exemplary segments 70 are shown with a dashed rectangle. The segments 70 can comprise functionally and / or spatially related parts of the machine 10.

[0126] The distribution modules 30 can enable the machine components 40 to be electrically and / or signal-controlled and / or evaluated based on control commands transmitted from the control device 20 to the distribution modules 30 via a fieldbus 50. However, this requires knowledge of the topology of the distribution modules 30, as illustrated, for example, in Fig. 2. Therefore, the topology with regard to the arrangement of the distribution modules 30 can be specified by the machine specification. The machine specification also includes an installation specification, which includes a digitized electrical circuit diagram and / or a digitized mechanical blueprint of the machine 10 in order to specify the structure of the machine 10 at least at the time of installation and / or at a later modification of the machine 10.Furthermore, the machine specification may include machine control information to specify the functionality of the machine 10 at least at the time of installation and / or at the later modification time.

[0127] Furthermore, the adaptation specification can specify at least one adaptation, such as a change in the topology and / or a change to at least one of the machine components 40 and / or at least one of the distribution modules 30, to enable implementation of the user-defined measure. The measure can, for example, consist of replacing a defective machine component 4 or adding a function to the machine 10. Such measures are often not feasible without further adaptations to the machine 10. The necessary and, in particular, optimal adaptations can be specified by the adaptation specification.

[0128] In order to implement the measure together with the intended adaptation of the machine 10, the adaptation specification can be provided. This is to be understood in particular as informing a user which adaptation has to be made. This can include step-by-step guidance for the user to implement the user-defined measure, taking into account the identified adaptations. For this purpose, for example, connections and / or a sequence of connections, a series connection of the devices and / or an indication of the connections for the connections of at least one machine component 40 can be specified in order to implement the adaptation. Furthermore, it is conceivable that a location of the adaptation is specified, e.g., by specifying the segment 70 of the machine 10 in which the adaptation is to be implemented (see Fig. 2).The sequence and / or cascading may be necessary to meet technical requirements such as space and power consumption. Adaptation according to the adaptation specification may be necessary, for example, to automatically accommodate these requirements.

[0129] The above explanation of the embodiments describes the present invention exclusively by way of examples. Of course, individual features of the embodiments can be freely combined with one another, provided they are technically feasible, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0130] List of reference symbols

[0131] device

[0132] computer program

[0133] Master module

[0134] module

[0135] Device

[0136] Hub

[0137] control cabinet

[0138] machine

[0139] Control device, PLC

[0140] Distribution module

[0141] Machine component, motor, sensor

[0142] Fieldbus, data connection

[0143] Segments

[0144] Procedure first procedure step second procedure step, evaluation third procedure step fourth procedure step

Claims

Claims Method (100) for the computer-aided provision of an adaptation specification for an electrical installation technology, and preferably for an electrical sensor system and / or actuator system in a machine (10), in particular for an electrical system (10), preferably an automation system, comprising: Determining (101) a measure specification which specifies a user-defined measure in which, for the maintenance of a machine (10), at least one part of the machine (10) is changed and / or supplemented and / or replaced, and which is intended to maintain and / or supplement and / or restore a functionality of the machine (10), - evaluating (102) a machine specification, wherein the machine specification specifies at least one structure of the machine (10), wherein the evaluation (102) automatically identifies, based on the structure, at least one adaptation to the machine (10) which is necessary to carry out the user-defined measure in order to maintain and / or restore the functionality of the machine (10), Generating (103) the adaptation specification on the basis of the performed evaluation (102), wherein the adaptation specification specifies the at least one identified adaptation, Providing (104) the adaptation specification for the maintenance of the machine Method (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that the evaluation (102) of the machine specification comprises the following step, which is carried out automatically by an analysis program: - analyzing the machine (10) with regard to its topology, which can be at least partially decentralized, wherein for this purpose machine components (40) and / or distribution modules (30) of the machine (10) and their connections and / or functions are evaluated and / or simulated, preferably segment-wise and / or iteratively, based on the machine specification, wherein the machine specification specifies the topology with regard to an arrangement of the distribution modules (30) which are provided for the decentralized connection of the machine components (40) to a control device (20) in order to electrically and / or signal-wise control and / or evaluate the machine components (40) on the basis of control commands which are transmitted from the control device (20) to the distribution modules (30) via a fieldbus (50),wherein the adaptation specification preferably specifies a change in the topology and / or at least one of the machine components (40) and / or at least one of the distribution modules (30) to enable implementation of the user-defined measure, wherein the measure specification preferably specifies a replacement of at least one of the machine components (40), in particular if the machine component (40) to be replaced is in a defective state. Method (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the machine specification comprises an installation specification, which comprises a digitized electrical circuit diagram and / or a digitized mechanical blueprint of the machine (10) in order to specify the structure of the machine (10) at least at the time of installation and / or at a later modification time of the machine (10).wherein preferably the machine specification comprises machine control information to specify the functionality of the machine (10) at least at the time of installation and / or at the later modification time, wherein the at least one identified adaptation comprises an adaptation of the machine control information., Method (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the provision of the adaptation specification comprises at least the following step: - Outputting adapted machine control information, preferably in the form of a machine control file and / or a configuration file, preferably based on an IO Device Description and / or GSD Markup Language structure, and / or a sensor configuration, wherein the at least one identified adaptation preferably comprises an adaptation of device addresses and / or device identifiers and / or input and output addresses of the machine control information, preferably for controlling at least one machine component (40) by a central control device (20), particularly preferably a PLC. The method (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the provision of the adaptation specification comprises at least the following step: Step-by-step guidance of a user to carry out the user-defined measure, taking into account the identified adaptations, preferably by specifying connections and / or a sequence of connections and / or a connection specification for the connections of at least one machine component (40) in order to integrate a spare part into the machine. The method (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adaptation specification is provided by outputting an adapted digitized circuit diagram and / or construction plan, preferably based on an ECAD or MCAD structure, and / or a connection configuration for the machine (10). Method (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the evaluation (102) is carried out on the basis of a rule-based algorithm and / or a simulation of the machine (10) in order to analyze individual parts of the machine (10) as a function of the user-defined measure with regard to the at least one identified adaptation. Method (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an automatic check is carried out, in which the maintenance and / or supplementation and / or restoration of functionality and preferably compliance with technical specifications is checked when the user-defined measure is carried out on the machine (10), preferably on the basis of a simulation of the user-defined measure and the at least one identified adaptation.Method (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the evaluation (102) further comprises the following steps:. - Selecting at least one spare part from a spare part catalog, preferably in the form of an electronic database, determining a technical specification for this spare part, wherein the at least one adaptation is identified based on the determined technical specification. Method (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least the following step for determining the machine specification is carried out: Determining an actual structure of the machine (10), preferably by determining the electrical machine components (40) actually installed on the machine (10) and / or their topology, wherein for this purpose identifiers of the machine components (40) are preferably received and / or determined on the basis of the real machine (10). Method (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an automatic optimization of the evaluation (102), preferably a simulation within the scope of the evaluation (102), is carried out on the basis of user-defined criteria, wherein the user-defined criteria comprise at least one of the following: Framework for the custom measure, - at least one user-defined preference for an application of the machine (10), a predetermined maximum installation time for a spare part and / or an additional part for the machine (10), a technical effort and / or a complexity according to which the evaluation (102) is optimized, a component availability according to which the evaluation (102) is optimized, a manufacturer's specification for additional parts which are installed on the machine as part of the user-defined measure. Method (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the machine specification specifies a topology of several distribution modules (30) of the machine (10), which are preferably divided into an active and a passive type, wherein the active distribution modules (30), in contrast to the passive distribution modules (30), are connected to a central control device (20) via a data connection in order to control machine components (40) connected to the distribution modules (30) based on the data connection, wherein the type of the distribution modules (30) is taken into account in the evaluation (102), so that the at least one identified adaptation comprises at least one of the following adaptations: a change in the addressing of the machine components (40) via the data connection, a selection of the type for a distribution module (30) to be incorporated into the machine (10),a selection of a number of connections for a distribution module (30) to be incorporated into the machine (10), a selection of cables and / or adapters and / or distributors for the machine (10), a selection of the type for a distribution module to be incorporated into the machine (10) depending on machine components to be connected thereto, in particular electrical components, preferably depending on the requirements of a sensor and / or actuator system. Method (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the machine (10) is controlled and / or constructed and / or adapted based on the provided adaptation specification. A computer program (2) comprising instructions that, when the computer program (2) is executed by a computer (1), cause the computer (1) to execute the method according to one of the preceding claims. A data processing device (1) configured to execute the method (100) according to one of claims 1 to 13.

Images