Fuel composition comprising a renewable base and a phenol compound

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fuel composition comprising at least 50% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, of one or more paraffin hydrocarbon fractions consisting of fatty acids and / or hydrogenated fatty acid esters (HEFA) and 0.1 to 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, of one or more phenol compounds of formula (I): (I). The compounds of formula (I) make it possible to increase the self-ignition temperature of the composition. Said composition is useful for powering any internal combustion engine of a land vehicle, watercraft, aircraft or spacecraft, in particular an aircraft or rocket engine.

Description

[0001]DESCRIPTION TITLE: Fuel composition comprising a renewable base and a phenolic compound The present invention relates to a fuel composition usable inter alia in air transport, and which comprises one or more cuts consisting of fatty acids and / or hydrogenated fatty acid esters in association with at least one particular phenolic compound. The present invention also relates to the use of such a composition to power a heat engine, such as in particular but not limited to an aircraft or rocket engine. STATE OF THE PRIOR ART Fuels used in aeronautics and space propulsion are subject to very strict regulations which aim to guarantee a high level of safety during their use.Thus, turbine engines (turbojets and turboprops) that equip the majority of airplanes and helicopters (civil or military) use specific fuels called jet fuels, which are traditionally formulated from hydrocarbon cuts called kerosene cuts from the distillation of crude oils. The reference jet fuel for civil aviation and the most widespread is Jet A-1. Its properties are defined in the international standard ASTM D1655. The physical characteristics of this fuel meet the efficiency and safety criteria required in the field of air transport, whether for ground operations or for flight phases. The main properties are: - A high calorific value, of at least 42.8 MJ / kg. It represents the quantity of energy released per unit mass of fuel during its combustion.This quantity is very important because it gives the aircraft greater autonomy for a constant on-board weight. - A very low freezing point, which must be lower than -47°C, which allows the fuel to be kept in a liquid state when the aircraft is in cruising flight, in a very low temperature environment. - A flash point (or temperature above which fuel vapors can ignite in the presence of a flame), which must be higher than 38°C, in order to guarantee safe handling of the fuel on the ground. Other properties such as sulfur content, acidity or density of the fuel are also defined in the ASTM D1655 standard.The fight against global warming now requires air transport to reduce its fossil-based carbon dioxide emissions by adopting fuels with a low environmental impact, also known as sustainable aviation fuels (SAF). One promising solution is to replace fossil-based kerosene bases with biologically based bases, such as bases derived from the hydrogenation processes of natural esters and fatty acids, known as Hydrogenated Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA). Indeed, fuels formulated from these bases have characteristics relatively close to Jet A1 jet fuel, which makes HEFA bases excellent candidates for the aviation industry. However, these HEFA bases are essentially composed of linear and branched paraffins (alkanes).Their chemical composition, free of aromatic and naphthenic hydrocarbons, gives them a significantly lower auto-ignition temperature than traditional jet fuels based on fossil-based kerosenes, which creates significant safety problems, including fire risks when using the fuel in the hot parts of aircraft and rocket engines. It is therefore desirable to increase the auto-ignition temperature of this type of biofuel, in particular to enable their use in the aeronautics and aerospace industries. One solution to this problem is to add one or more fuel bases rich in aromatic and / or naphthenic hydrocarbons to the HEFA bases. However, the available aromatic and / or naphthenic fuel bases most often come from fossil sources, which are not renewable.Furthermore, these bases are available in small quantities, expensive and require high incorporation rates to have a significant effect on the auto-ignition temperature. The present invention aims to overcome the problems described above. The present invention aims in particular to provide a fuel composition based on fatty acids and / or hydrogenated fatty acid esters (HEFA), which has an increased auto-ignition temperature without resorting to bases rich in aromatic and / or naphthenic hydrocarbons in significant quantities.The Applicant has now discovered that the addition, to a fuel base consisting of fatty acids and / or hydrogenated fatty acid esters, of one or more phenolic compounds as defined below, in a minimum content of 0.05% by mass, makes it possible to significantly increase the auto-ignition temperature of the mixture and thus to formulate a sustainable fuel suitable for use in the aeronautical and aerospace industries. The present invention thus relates to a fuel composition comprising: a) at least 50% by mass, relative to the total mass of the composition, of one or more paraffinic hydrocarbon cuts consisting of fatty acids and / or hydrogenated fatty acid esters (HEFA); and b) from 0.1 to 10% by mass, relative to the total mass of the composition, of one or more phenolic compounds corresponding to formula (I) below:. (I) in which the groups R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5, which may be identical or different, independently represent a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 1 to 16 carbon atoms, it being understood that at least one of the groups R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 represents a linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 1 to 16 carbon atoms. The composition according to the invention has an auto-ignition temperature, measured in accordance with standard ASTM E659, significantly higher than a composition comprising the same bases with the exception of the compound(s) of formula (I). Thus, the compound(s) of formula (I) can be used to increase the auto-ignition temperature of a fuel composition, in particular of a fuel composition for powering aircraft and rocket engines.This increase in the auto-ignition temperature results in a reduction in the risk of fire when using the composition as fuel, including at high temperatures as is the case in aircraft and rocket engines. This reduction in the risk of fire advantageously increases the safety of the internal combustion engine, in particular the safety of aircraft and rocket engines. While the auto-ignition temperature measured in accordance with the ASTM E659 standard of a fuel composition consisting solely of fatty acids and / or hydrogenated fatty acid esters (HEFA) is approximately 200°C, the auto-ignition temperature (measured according to the same standard) of the composition according to the invention is at least 210°C. Preferably, the auto-ignition temperature of the composition according to the invention is greater than or equal to 220°C and more preferably greater than or equal to 225°C.This temperature is reached without having to add significant quantities of fuel bases rich in aromatic and / or naphthenic hydrocarbons. Thus, according to a preferred embodiment, the aromatic hydrocarbon content of the composition according to the invention is less than 5% by mass, preferably less than 2% by mass, more preferably less than 1% by mass, relative to the total mass of the composition. By aromatic hydrocarbons, here is meant aromatic compounds formed solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, and devoid of heteroatoms. In particular, the compounds of formula (I) defined above do not constitute aromatic hydrocarbons within the meaning of the present invention. According to an equally preferred embodiment, the naphthenic hydrocarbon content of the composition according to the invention is less than 5% by mass, preferably less than 4% by mass, relative to the total mass of the composition.According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the total content of naphthenic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons in the composition according to the invention is less than 5% by mass, preferably less than 4% by mass, relative to the total mass of the composition. The paraffinic hydrocarbon fraction(s) consisting of fatty acids and / or hydrogenated fatty acid esters (HEFA) are bases of biological origin. Thus, the composition according to the invention comprises a majority quantity of bio-sourced materials. It therefore has a high eco-material content. The eco-material mass content of the composition is defined by the following equation: Eco-material content in % = 100 – (percentage of non-bio-sourced, non-biodegradable, non-recycled materials).According to an advantageous embodiment, the composition has an eco-material content of at least 70% by mass, preferably at least 80% by mass, preferably at least 90% by mass, and more preferably at least 95% by mass, relative to the total mass of the composition. The composition according to the invention also has good properties in terms of calorific value, freezing point, flash point. It is perfectly suitable for use as fuel to power aircraft and rocket engines, but also and more generally to power any internal combustion engine used in propulsion, whether land, sea, air or space.Thus, the present invention also relates to the use of the composition according to the invention for powering an internal combustion engine of a land, sea, air or space propulsion machine, and preferably an aircraft or rocket engine. Other objects, characteristics, aspects and advantages of the invention will appear even more clearly on reading the description and the examples which follow. In what follows, and unless otherwise indicated, the limits of a range of values ​​are included in this range, in particular in the expressions "between" and "ranging from ... to ...". Furthermore, the expressions "at least one" and "at least" used in the present description are respectively equivalent to the expressions "one or more" and "greater than or equal to". Finally, in a manner known per se, the term "C compound or group" denotes. Na compound or group containing in its chemical structure N carbon atoms. DETAILED DESCRIPTION The paraffinic hydrocarbon fraction (a) The composition according to the invention contains at least one paraffinic hydrocarbon fraction consisting of fatty acids and / or hydrogenated fatty acid esters (HEFA). In a manner known per se, these fractions commonly referred to as HEFA are mainly composed of paraffins, resulting from the hydrogenation of fatty acids and fatty acid esters. By fatty acid, we mean a carboxylic acid comprising a hydrocarbon chain having from 6 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from 7 to 24 carbon atoms, and more preferably from 8 to 20 carbon atoms. By fatty acid ester, we mean both monoesters and polyesters (in particular di- and triesters) of the above fatty acids with an alcohol which may be a mono-alcohol or a polyol.According to a preferred embodiment, the paraffinic hydrocarbon fraction(s) (a) consist of hydrotreated vegetable oils, also known as HVO (from the English "hydrotreated vegetable oils"). These are oils of vegetable origin which have undergone successive treatments including hydrotreatment and possible isomerization. The processes for preparing such hydrotreated vegetable oils are known per se. Examples of suitable vegetable raw materials include rapeseed oil, canola oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, hemp oil, olive oil, linseed oil, mustard oil, palm oil, castor oil, coconut oil. Patent applications WO2016 / 185046 and WO2016 / 185047 describe non-limiting examples of methods for obtaining hydrotreated vegetable oil cuts that can be used as fuel bases.The paraffinic hydrocarbon fraction(s) (a) have a distillation range advantageously within the range from 60 to 350°C, preferably from 100 to 300°C, more preferably from 120 to 290°C and better still from 140 to 280°C. The distillation range of said paraffinic hydrocarbon fraction is determined in accordance with standard NF EN ISO 3405. The paraffinic hydrocarbon fraction(s) (a) advantageously have a paraffin content greater than or equal to 90% by mass, preferably greater than or equal to 95% by mass, and better still greater than or equal to 96% by mass, relative to the total mass of the fraction(s) (a). The term "paraffins" refers, in a manner known per se, to branched alkanes (also called iso-paraffins or iso-alkanes) and unbranched alkanes (also called n-paraffins or n-alkanes).The paraffins present in the paraffinic hydrocarbon fraction(s) (a) according to the invention advantageously comprise from 6 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably from 8 to 17 carbon atoms. Preferably, the paraffinic hydrocarbon fraction(s) (a) consist of at least 80% by mass, more preferably at least 90% by mass and better still at least 95% by mass of paraffins comprising from 8 to 17 carbon atoms. According to a preferred embodiment, the paraffinic hydrocarbon fraction(s) (a) used in the composition according to the invention contain at least 60% by mass, preferably at least 70% by mass of isoparaffins, relative to the total mass of the fraction(s) (a). According to a particularly preferred embodiment, they contain at least 80% by mass of isoparaffins.The paraffinic hydrocarbon fraction(s) (a) have an aromatic compound content preferably less than or equal to 10,000 ppm by mass, more preferably less than or equal to 1,500 ppm by mass, even more preferably less than or equal to 1,000 ppm by mass. Their naphthenic compound content is preferably less than or equal to 40,000 ppm by mass, more preferably less than or equal to 30,000 ppm by mass. Their sulfur content is advantageously less than or equal to 10 ppm by mass, preferably less than or equal to 5 ppm by mass. In a particularly preferred manner, the paraffinic hydrocarbon fraction(s) (a) are completely free of sulfur. The composition according to the invention preferably comprises at least 75% by mass of one or more paraffinic hydrocarbon fractions (a) as described above.Preferably, it contains at least 85% by mass of one or more paraffinic hydrocarbon fractions (a), more preferably at least 90% by mass and better still at least 95% by mass, relative to the total mass of the composition. According to a preferred embodiment, the composition according to the invention contains at least 98% by mass, and better still at least 99% by mass of one or more paraffinic hydrocarbon fractions (a) as described above. Phenolic compounds (b) The composition comprises at least one phenolic compound of formula. in which the groups R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5, which may be identical or different, independently represent a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 1 to 16 carbon atoms, with at least one of the groups R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 representing a linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 1 to 16 carbon atoms. Preferably, the groups R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5, which may be identical or different, independently represent a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably from 1 to 8 carbon atoms and better still from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, at least one of the groups R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 representing such an alkyl group.According to a preferred embodiment, the groups R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5, which may be identical or different, represent, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group chosen from the methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, 2-methylpropyl (iso-butyl), 1-methylpropyl (sec-butyl) and 1,1-dimethylethyl (tert-butyl) groups, at least one of the groups R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 representing such an alkyl group. According to a preferred embodiment, at least two of the groups R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 denote alkyl groups, which may be identical or different, as defined above.Better still, three of the groups R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 denote alkyl groups, identical or different, as defined above, and more preferably the three groups R1, R3 and R5 denote such alkyl groups, R2 and R4 denoting a hydrogen atom. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the composition according to the invention comprises 2,4,6-trimethylphenol (CAS No. 527-60-6), which is a compound of formula (I) in which: the groups R1, R3 and R5 represent a methyl group; R2 and R4 represent a hydrogen atom:. The composition according to the invention comprises the compound(s) of formula (I) in a content ranging from 0.1 to 10% by mass, preferably from 0.1 to 5% by mass, more preferably from 0.2 to 2% by mass, better still from 0.25 to 0.6% by mass, relative to the total mass of the composition. According to a preferred embodiment, the composition comprises 2,4,6-trimethylphenol in a content ranging from 0.1 to 10% by mass, preferably from 0.1 to 5% by mass, more preferably from 0.2 to 2% by mass, better still from 0.25 to 0.6% by mass, relative to the total mass of the composition. The compounds of formula (I) may be of natural origin. Advantageously, the eco-material content of the composition is further increased when the compound of formula (I) is obtained from compounds of natural origin.Thus, the phenolic compound(s) of formula (I) can be used to increase the eco-material content of a fuel composition, in particular of a fuel composition intended to power aircraft and rocket engines. Possible additives The composition according to the invention may comprise one or more additives, different from the compounds of formula (I) described above. This or these additives may be chosen, for example, in a non-limiting manner, from antioxidant, antifreeze, antistatic additives, corrosion inhibitors, lubrication additives, cold resistance additives, detergent additives, tracer additives. Antioxidant additives are particularly preferred. These additives may be incorporated at contents, for each, which may range from a few ppm to 1000 ppm by mass.Use of the composition The composition according to the invention is useful as a fuel for powering any internal combustion engine of a propulsion machine, in particular land, marine, air or space propulsion. The composition according to the invention can be used in particular to power any internal combustion engine in one of the following vehicles: road vehicles including light vehicles (in particular automobiles) and heavy goods vehicles (trucks of various loads known as "medium duty" and "heavy duty", household waste trucks, buses, coaches, etc.) and non-road vehicles (construction or public works machinery, tractors, trains, boats). According to a preferred embodiment, the composition according to the invention is used to power an aircraft or rocket engine.According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the composition according to the invention is used to power a turbojet or a turboprop in an aircraft, preferably chosen from an airplane and a helicopter (civil or military), and more preferably an airplane. The composition according to the invention can also be used to improve the eco-performance of an internal combustion engine of a land, sea, air or space propulsion machine, in particular an airplane engine or a rocket engine. For example, the eco-performance of the internal combustion engine can be the reduction of the environmental impact of the internal combustion engine. Indeed, the quantity of compounds of biological origin in the composition according to the invention is significant.As explained above, the quantity of fuel bases rich in aromatic and / or naphthenic hydrocarbons of fossil origin and the quantity of compound of formula (I) in the composition according to the invention may be low. Thus, the environmental impact of the composition according to the invention is lower than the environmental impact of a fuel composition of fossil origin. The environmental impact of the internal combustion engine powered by the composition according to the invention is therefore reduced. The use of the compounds of formula (I) The present invention also relates to the use of one or more compounds chosen from the phenolic compounds corresponding to formula (I) below:. (I) in which the groups R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5, which may be identical or different, independently represent a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 1 to 16 carbon atoms, it being understood that at least one of the groups R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 represents a linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 1 to 16 carbon atoms, for increasing the auto-ignition temperature of a fuel composition comprising at least 50% by mass, relative to the total mass of the composition, of one or more paraffinic hydrocarbon fractions consisting of fatty acids and / or hydrogenated fatty acid esters (HEFA). The auto-ignition temperature is measured in accordance with the method defined in ASTM E659. The fuel composition is as described above.The compound(s) of formula (I) are advantageously used in a content ranging from 0.1 to 10% by mass, preferably from 0.1 to 5% by mass, more preferably from 0.2 to 2% by mass, better still from 0.25 to 0.6% by mass, relative to the total mass of the composition. The method The present invention also relates to a method for propelling a land, sea, air or space vehicle equipped with at least one internal combustion engine, consisting of powering said engine using a fuel composition as described above. Preferably, said engine is an aircraft or rocket engine, more preferably a turbojet or turboprop engine equipping an airplane or a helicopter and more preferably an airplane. The examples below are given by way of illustration of the invention, and should not be interpreted in such a way as to limit its scope.EXAMPLES The following examples were produced from a paraffinic hydrocarbon fraction called fraction A consisting of esters and hydrogenated fatty acids (HEFA). More specifically, fraction A consists of a hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) whose characteristics are detailed in Table I below: [Table I]. 1. Comparative Examples Fuel compositions were prepared by adding an aromatic compound (mesitylene) or a naphthenic compound (methylcyclohexane) to the A cut, in the contents detailed in Table II below. The autoignition temperature of each of these compositions was measured, in accordance with the method defined in ASTM E659. The results obtained are also detailed in Table II. [Table II] These results show that to significantly increase the auto-ignition temperature of cut A, the aromatic compound and the naphthenic compound must be added in significant quantities as is the case in the comparative compositions EC1 and EC2. On the other hand, the addition of a low content of naphthenic compound (composition EC3) does not make it possible to obtain a significant increase in the auto-ignition temperature. 2. Examples according to the invention Fuel compositions were prepared by adding 2,4,6-trimethylphenol (hereinafter referred to as 2,4,6-TMP) to cut A, in the contents detailed in Table III below. The auto-ignition temperature of each of these compositions was measured, in accordance with the method defined in ASTM E659. The results obtained are also detailed in Table III. [Table III] Composition EC0 is comparative (consisting entirely of cut A), while compositions C1 to C3 are in accordance with the invention. These results show that the addition of the phenolic compound in accordance with the invention to cut A in very small quantities makes it possible to significantly increase the auto-ignition temperature. The auto-ignition temperature increases significantly with the 2,4,6-trimethylphenol content and excellent results are obtained at contents of 0.25 and 0.5% by mass (compositions C2 and C3). In comparison with the addition of the aromatic and naphthenic compounds according to comparative examples EC1 and EC2, the addition of the phenolic compound according to the invention makes it possible to obtain results almost as good at much lower contents.Compared to the addition of the naphthenic compound according to comparative example EC3, the said phenolic compound in the same concentrations makes it possible to obtain a very significantly higher increase in the auto-ignition temperature of the fuel composition.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. Fuel composition comprising: (a) at least 50% by mass, relative to the total mass of the composition, of one or more paraffinic hydrocarbon fractions consisting of fatty acids and / or hydrogenated fatty acid esters (HEFA); and (b) from 0.1 to 10% by mass, relative to the total mass of the composition, of one or more phenolic compounds corresponding to formula (I) below: in which the groups R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5, which may be identical or different, independently represent a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 1 to 16 carbon atoms, it being understood that at least one of the groups R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 represents a linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 1 to 16 carbon atoms.

2. Composition according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the paraffinic hydrocarbon fraction(s) (a) consist of hydrotreated vegetable oils (HVO).

3. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the paraffinic hydrocarbon fraction(s) (a) have a paraffin content greater than or equal to 90% by mass, preferably greater than or equal to 95% by mass, and better still greater than or equal to 96% by mass, relative to the total mass of the fraction(s) (a). 4.Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the paraffins present in the or. the paraffinic hydrocarbon fractions (a) comprise from 6 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably from 8 to 17 carbon atoms.

5. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least 75% by mass of one or more paraffinic hydrocarbon fractions (a), preferably at least 85% by mass, more preferably at least 90% by mass and better still at least 95% by mass, relative to the total mass of the composition.

6. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in formula (I), the groups R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5, which may be identical or different, represent, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 8 carbon atoms and more preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, at least one of the groups R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 representing such an alkyl group. 7.Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in formula (I) at least two of the groups R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 denote alkyl groups, which may be identical or different; and preferably three of the groups R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 denote alkyl groups, which may be identical or different.

8. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises 2,4,6-trimethylphenol.

9. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the phenolic compound(s) of formula (I) are of natural origin.

10. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises the compound(s) of formula (I) at a content ranging from 0.1 to 5% by mass, preferably from 0.2 to 2% by mass, more preferably from 0.25 to 0.6% by mass, relative to the total mass of the composition. 11.Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that its aromatic hydrocarbon content is less than 5% by mass, preferably less than 2%. by mass, more preferably less than 1% by mass, relative to the total mass of the composition.

12. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises one or more additives, different from the compounds of formula (I), chosen from antioxidant, antifreeze, antistatic additives, corrosion inhibitors, lubrication additives, cold resistance additives, detergent additives, tracer additives.

13. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has an eco-material content of at least 70% by mass, preferably at least 80% by mass, preferably at least 90% by mass, and more preferably at least 95% by mass, relative to the total mass of the composition. 14.Use of the composition as defined in any one of the preceding claims for powering an internal combustion engine of a land, sea, air or space propulsion vehicle.

15. Use according to the preceding claim, for powering an aircraft or rocket engine, preferably a turbojet or a turboprop in an aircraft chosen from an airplane and a helicopter and more preferably an airplane.

16. Use of the composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 13, for improving the eco-performance of an internal combustion engine of a land, sea, air or space propulsion vehicle.

17. Use according to claim 16, wherein the eco-performance of the internal combustion engine is the reduction of the environmental impact of the internal combustion engine. 18.Use according to one of claims 16 and 17, in which the engine is an aircraft engine or a rocket engine.

19. Method of propelling a land, sea, air or space vehicle equipped with at least one internal combustion engine, consisting of powering said engine by means of a. fuel composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 13.

20. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said engine is an aircraft or rocket engine, more preferably a turbojet or turboprop engine equipping an airplane or a helicopter and more preferably an airplane.

21. Use of one or more phenolic compounds as defined in any one of claims 1 and 6 to 9 for increasing the auto-ignition temperature of a fuel composition comprising at least 50% by mass, relative to the total mass of the composition, of one or more paraffinic hydrocarbon cuts consisting of fatty acids and / or hydrogenated fatty acid esters (HEFA). 22.Use of one or more phenolic compounds as defined in any one of claims 1 and 6 to 9 for increasing the eco-material content of a fuel composition, in particular of a fuel composition intended to power aircraft and rocket engines.

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