The invention relates to the technical field of biomedical materials and
tissue engineering, and discloses a preparation method and application of adjustable porous fat foam. Comprising the following steps: fat tissue pretreatment and freeze-thaw circulation, multi-step combined
decellularization and
impurity removal, graded washing and purification, freeze
grinding and
freeze drying, preparation of a decellularized fat matrix suspension, porous foam
scaffold forming and foam
scaffold gradient rehydration. By adopting a multi-step combined
decellularization and
impurity removal process, residual lipid droplets in adipose tissues can be actively extruded out by mechanical squeezing assisted by isopropanol
degreasing, a lipid wrapping phenomenon is broken, meanwhile, residual
nucleic acid and adipose components can be thoroughly removed by virtue of a synergistic degradation effect of
nuclease and
lipase, the
immunogenicity risk is reduced, and the
immunogenicity of the adipose tissues is improved. All the steps have a synergistic effect under strict control of temperature, concentration and time parameters, so that the
structural integrity of the
extracellular matrix is ensured, the
decellularization efficiency and thoroughness are improved, and the
biological safety and
biocompatibility of a final product are ensured.