Horizontal beam, apparatus and method for shuttering a concrete floor

Abstract

The invention relates to a horizontal beam (1) for securing at least one formwork panel (2) and for securing to at least one ceiling support (3) for at least partial formwork of a concrete ceiling. According to the invention, a locking hook (4) movable between a locking position (5) and an unlocking position (6) is formed on at least one first end (1a) of the horizontal beam (1) for securing to the ceiling support (3). The invention also relates to methods for at least partially forming and stripping a concrete ceiling.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a horizontal beam for fixing at least one formwork panel and for fixing to at least one ceiling support for at least partial formwork of a concrete ceiling.

[0002] The invention further relates to a device for at least partially formwork a concrete ceiling comprising at least one horizontal beam and two ceiling supports, wherein the horizontal beam can be fixed in a horizontal orientation between the ceiling supports.

[0003] The invention further relates to a method for at least partially forming a concrete ceiling.

[0004] The invention also relates to a method for at least partially removing the formwork from a concrete ceiling.

[0005] For pouring concrete ceilings, formwork or ceiling formwork or concrete formwork or corresponding formwork systems are generally required to create a formwork surface or formwork mold to hold the liquid concrete, which can then harden in the shape defined by the formwork to form a ceiling of a building space.

[0006] State-of-the-art technology includes, among other things, modular slab formwork which can be partially dismantled after a short drying or shuttering time, so that only certain formwork components or components of these formwork systems need to be left on site until the formwork has been largely completely removed or the concrete has hardened. Other formwork components can be assembled at a new location in the meantime, reducing the amount of material required and making more efficient use of available material resources. This principle is also known as early striking. A further advantage can be shortened drying or shuttering times due to better ventilation of the resulting concrete slab. Furthermore, the modular design also allows for a comparatively flexible design of the formwork or the concrete slab to be poured.

[0007] The safety of the installers is of particular importance when using formwork systems, as the assembly of the components of the slab formwork or formwork systems, which are sometimes arranged several meters above the ground, is associated with particular risks, such as the risk of falling and / or hazards from falling parts. This particularly applies to many of the formwork systems known to date, which must be assembled at least partially from above, for example from a scaffold or a lifting platform and / or using a crane or other lifting devices. A further disadvantage can be the necessary use of special equipment, such as transfer vehicles as described in DE 10 2021 131 957 A1, which must first be procured and then constantly transported to the new location and temporarily stored.

[0008] DE 10 2021 106 138 A1 discloses a support device for a slab formwork system, which has tiltable or pivotable support elements or support heads, which are arranged in particular at the upper end of the slab props or vertical props. By partially tilting or pivoting the support heads, space can be created for pivoting the slab formwork panels or formwork sheets upwards during assembly or disassembly of the slab formwork system. This is intended to enable assembly and disassembly from below, i.e., without any risk of falling for the assemblers. Because the pivotable elements are fixed to the slab prop, they remain at the installation site until the formwork is completely stripped and cannot be removed prematurely and, if necessary, installed at a new location. However, due to their comparatively complex construction, they represent a significant cost factor and should therefore be used more efficiently.This also prevents premature dismantling of the horizontal beams, which are attached to the floor props, and the formwork panels, which in turn are attached to the horizontal beams. Furthermore, the pivoting design of the support heads can compromise the stability of the floor props in their longitudinal or vertical direction. Due to the high load-bearing capacity, the pivoting elements can also be subject to significant wear and / or material fatigue.

[0009] EP 3 438 365 A1 shows a slab formwork with permanent slab panels that remain as a lower layer in the finished concrete slab. One side of the permanent slab panels or non-reusable slab panels is hooked onto the slab props or vertical props for assembly using the associated slab formwork frames, and the other side is then swung up from below. The slab props for the second side of the slab panels are only positioned after the slabs have been swung up. A similar application for reusable slab panels would have the disadvantage that the slab panels cannot be removed before the slab props during dismantling, which must remain in place to support the slab until the formwork is completely removed, making such a system unsuitable for early striking.

[0010] Furthermore, the two aforementioned solutions with state-of-the-art pivoting mechanisms do not include horizontal beams or girders. However, these can significantly increase the load-bearing capacity of the formwork system and prevent sagging of the formwork surface, making them particularly preferable for large formwork surfaces. Another particular advantage is the ability to position the floor props at greater intervals than previously possible, which advantageously increases freedom of movement on the construction site floor.

[0011] The considerations regarding the safety of the fitters, in particular the risk of falls and / or hazards from falling parts, apply to formwork panels to the same extent as to horizontal beams, since both are naturally used at the approximate ceiling height.

[0012] The present invention is based on the object of creating a horizontal support which is improved compared to the prior art and which ensures the highest possible safety for the fitters by means of assembly and / or disassembly options from below.

[0013] According to the invention, this object is achieved by a horizontal beam having the features mentioned in claim 1.

[0014] The present invention is further based on the object of creating a device which is improved compared to the prior art and which ensures the highest possible safety for the fitters by means of assembly and / or disassembly options from below.

[0015] According to the invention, this object is achieved by a device having the features mentioned in claim 8.

[0016] The present invention is further based on the object of creating a method which is improved compared to the prior art and which ensures the highest possible safety for the fitters by assembling or formwork or scaffolding from below.

[0017] According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method having the features mentioned in claim 11.

[0018] The present invention is also based on the object of creating a method which is improved compared to the prior art and which ensures the highest possible safety for the fitters by dismantling or stripping or equipping from below.

[0019] According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method having the features mentioned in claim 14.

[0020] In the horizontal beam according to the invention for securing at least one formwork panel and for securing to at least one ceiling support for at least partially formwork a concrete ceiling, a latching hook movable between a locking position and an unlocking position is formed on at least one first end of the horizontal beam for securing to the ceiling support.

[0021] By providing at least one locking hook movable between a locking position and an unlocking position for securing it to the ceiling prop or vertical prop, assembly and / or disassembly of the horizontal beam can be achieved from the ground instead of from an elevated position, thus achieving the highest possible safety for the assemblers, in particular by eliminating the risk of falling. At the same time, the advantageous handling from below enables early striking, so that formwork times can be shortened and material resources, in particular horizontal beams and, if applicable, formwork panels, can be used more efficiently because they are reusable and, after early striking, can even be used at a new location ahead of time. The horizontal beam according to the invention can be integrated, in particular, into modular formwork systems, thereby making the formwork flexible.In addition, the use of horizontal beams, in particular the horizontal beam according to the invention, contributes to the fact that a comparatively large ground clearance is possible due to a smaller number of necessary ceiling supports while at the same time maintaining or improving the stability of the overall construction or the formwork.

[0022] At the upper end of the ceiling prop or vertical prop, a support head is preferably formed, to which the horizontal support can be secured. The horizontal support can engage, in particular with a notch and / or a projection or a lug on the locking hook, into a support receptacle of the ceiling prop or support head in order to secure the horizontal support. Typically, the horizontal support is supported or carried by two ceiling props at two opposite ends of the horizontal support, or is secured to these, preferably in an at least approximately horizontal position or orientation.

[0023] To secure a formwork panel to the horizontal beam, two horizontal beams are generally required. These beams are arranged on two opposite sides of the formwork panel to support or hold the formwork panel in an at least approximately horizontal orientation. One of the two horizontal beams can also be a horizontal beam according to the prior art, without or with only some of the features according to the invention.

[0024] The formwork of the concrete ceiling is implemented, in particular, via a plurality of formwork panels, horizontal beams, and floor supports. The preferably flat and preferably level upper surfaces of the formwork panels and horizontal beams, as well as the upper ends of the floor supports, can form a formwork surface or formwork mold for receiving the initially liquid concrete, allowing it to harden into a ceiling in the shape defined by the formwork. In the assembled state of the formwork, the horizontally arranged formwork panels and the horizontal beams are, in particular, at at least approximately the same height.

[0025] Preferably, the formwork, in particular the connection of the formwork panels, the horizontal beams and / or the floor supports, both among themselves and between each other, is sealed in such a way that liquid concrete cannot essentially flow downwards out of the formwork.

[0026] It is advantageous if the locking hook projects beyond the first end of the horizontal support in the locking position and the projection of the locking hook is designed such that the locking hook is or can be secured to the ceiling support. In the unlocking position it is preferably provided that the locking hook is arranged, preferably pivoted, in such a way that the projection of the locking hook beyond the first end of the horizontal support is less than in the locking position. Preferably the locking hook no longer projects beyond the first end of the locking hook in the unlocking position. This has the advantage that the horizontal support can be pivoted up for assembly or pivoted down for disassembly and can be guided past the ceiling support without collision.Preferably, it is provided that only when the locking hook is in the locking position does the locking hook engage in the ceiling support in such a way that the horizontal beam can be fixed to the ceiling support.

[0027] It has proven advantageous if the locking hook can be fixed in the locking position with a fixing member, in particular a fixing wedge, in particular in order to fasten the horizontal beam to the ceiling support.

[0028] It has proven advantageous if the locking hook can be fixed in the locking position. A fixing element can be used for this purpose, which holds the locking hook in the locking position or prevents the locking hook from being moved, in particular pivoted, into the unlocking position. The design of the fixing element as a fixing wedge has proven particularly suitable for fixing the locking hook in the locking position.

[0029] The fixing wedge preferably has a wedge shape at least along a portion of its longitudinal axis. However, the fixing wedge can also be designed without a wedge shape. The fixing wedge can also be an elongated fixing element, which is preferably moved along the longitudinal axis by a striking action on one of its ends. This can be used to move the fixing wedge into a position in which the fixing wedge fixes the locking hook, or into a position in which the fixing wedge does not fix the locking hook in the locking position.

[0030] It has proven particularly suitable if the locking hook can be pivoted in the unlocking position in order to release the locking hook from the ceiling support and / or to fix it to the ceiling support.

[0031] In this case, the locking hook can be pivotable or tiltable, in particular, within an angular range suitable for disengaging the locking hook from the ceiling support, in particular from a support receptacle of the ceiling support. For securing to the ceiling support, the locking hook can preferably be brought into engagement with the support receptacle of the ceiling support.

[0032] It is advantageous if the horizontal support has a locking hook axis about which the locking hook can pivot in order to adjust the locking hook between the locking position and the unlocking position. Preferably, a movement from the locking position to the unlocking position occurs in such a way that a projection of the locking hook projecting beyond the first end of the horizontal support, which is intended for engagement with the ceiling support, in particular a support receptacle of the ceiling support, is pivoted upward (when the horizontal support is used as intended).This has the advantage that after releasing a fixing member which holds the locking hook in the locking position, disassembly of the horizontal support is easily possible by pivoting the first end of the horizontal support downwards, since the locking hook at the first end, even if it is hooked into the support receptacle, can be pivoted upwards relative to the horizontal support into the unlocking position with almost no resistance, which can already be achieved by pivoting the horizontal support or the first end of the horizontal support downwards.

[0033] In one embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that the locking hook, once it has reached the unlocking position, is held in the locking position by force and / or form, preferably by clamping or locking. This can be particularly advantageous if the horizontal beam is to be guided past the ceiling support by pivoting upwards from below, and the locking hook is to remain in the unlocking position during this process.

[0034] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the fixing wedge is displaceable along its longitudinal axis and is arranged at least approximately orthogonally to the locking hook, wherein the fixing wedge has a first section which, in the locking position, engages in a recess of the locking hook in a form-fitting and / or force-fitting manner such that the locking hook is fixed in the locking position, and wherein the fixing wedge has a second section which engages in the recess of the locking hook but does not prevent a pivoting movement of the locking hook from the locking position into the unlocking position.

[0035] The fixing element is designed in particular as a fixing wedge.

[0036] By moving the fixing wedge in one direction or the other along the longitudinal axis of the fixing wedge, the fixing of the locking hook can be released or established, so that the locking hook is fixed in the locking position or can be moved or brought into the unlocking position.

[0037] The first section and the second section of the fixing wedge can in particular be sections along the longitudinal axis of the fixing wedge, wherein the first section is preferably arranged at one end of the fixing wedge and the second section is arranged at an opposite end of the fixing wedge.

[0038] In order to fix or release the locking hook, the first section and the second section can in particular each have a suitable cross-section.

[0039] In the locking position of the locking hook, or when the fixing wedge secures the locking hook in the locking position, the locking hook cannot be pivoted, particularly perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the fixing wedge. For this purpose, the first section engages in the recess in a form-fitting and / or force-fitting manner. Preferably, the locking hook can be fixed in the locking position by the engagement of the first section of a fixing wedge with a T-shaped cross-section in a corresponding T-shaped recess in the locking hook. A certain amount of play can exist between the fixing wedge and the recess in the locking hook without impairing functionality.

[0040] In the unlocked position of the locking hook, or when the fixing wedge does not fix the locking hook in the locked position, the locking hook can be freely moved or pivoted, in particular perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the fixing wedge, at least to such an extent or within such an angular range that the locking hook can be disengaged from the ceiling support and preferably no longer protrudes beyond the first end of the horizontal support or beyond the end at which the locking hook is arranged. For this purpose, the second section of the fixing wedge preferably does not have a projection that could engage the undercut of the locking hook's recess when the locking hook is in a corresponding folded position.

[0041] To improve the displaceability of the fixing wedge, a transition region can be provided between the first section and the second section, in which parts of the cross-section increase in a wedge shape toward the first section and decrease in size toward the second section. In particular, by increasing the cross-section or continuously approximating the cross-section to the shape and size of the recess in the locking hook toward the first section, it can be advantageously achieved that the fixing wedge fixes the locking hook in the locking position, in particular clamps it, and that the fixing wedge remains in its current position or position as far as possible without external influence.

[0042] A stopper can be provided at each end of the fixing wedge, ensuring that the fixing wedge is secured to the horizontal beam regardless of its current position, preventing it from falling. The stops preferably serve as a fall-out protection.

[0043] The locking wedge and the recess in the locking hook can be designed in a variety of ways such that a movement of the locking wedge along its longitudinal axis fixes the locking hook in the locked position or releases it again. It can be particularly advantageous if the recess of the locking hook has at least one undercut and the first section of the locking wedge has a correspondingly suitably designed projection that engages the undercut.

[0044] It has proven particularly suitable if the recess has a T-shape in cross-section, i.e. if the recess is T-shaped in cross-section. The first section of the fixing wedge has a correspondingly adapted T-shape or a T-shaped cross-section. It is preferably provided that the fixing of the locking hook in the locking position results from the horizontal extension of the T-shaped first section engaging in the horizontal section of the T-shaped recess. The horizontal section of the T-shaped cross-section of the first section thus represents the at least one projection which engages in the at least one undercut of the recess which is provided by the horizontal extension of the T-shaped recess.In contrast to the design of the first section of the locking wedge, the second section of the locking wedge is designed such that it only has the vertical extension of the T-shaped cross-section of the first section of the locking wedge, but not its horizontal extension. This means that the second section of the locking wedge does not engage with any projection in the undercut of the recess, so that pivoting of the locking hook about the locking hook axis is not prevented by the positive engagement of a projection in the undercut of the recess.

[0045] The first section of the fixing wedge can have a cross-section corresponding to a cross-section of a T-slot nut or a T-shaped slot nut. The recess can have a cross-section shape used for T-shaped slots.

[0046] Preferably, a locking hook or a fixed hook is formed at a second end of the horizontal support for attachment to a further ceiling support.

[0047] The locking hook at the second end of the horizontal beam can have the same features as the locking hook at the first end according to the above description. In particular, the locking hook at the second end of the horizontal beam can be movable into a locking position and an unlocking position. The locking hook can preferably be fixed in the locking position with a fixing wedge.

[0048] The locking hook is movable or pivotable or foldable, at least between the locking position and the unlocking position, whereas the immovable hook is rigid or stiff.

[0049] The locking hook formed at the second end of the horizontal support preferably projects beyond the second end of the horizontal support in the locking position. In the unlocking position, the locking hook preferably does not project beyond the second end of the horizontal support. In this regard, reference is made analogously to the explanations regarding the locking hook at the first end of the horizontal support, in particular also with regard to advantageous embodiments. The feature that the locking hook projects beyond the end of the horizontal support is to be understood as a projection beyond the end of the horizontal support on which the locking hook is arranged.

[0050] It should be noted that, within the scope of the invention, a locking hook can be formed at the first end and a second end of the horizontal support. Alternatively, a locking hook can be formed at the first end and a fixed hook at the second end of the horizontal support.

[0051] In a further development of the invention, at least one folding hook for securing the formwork panel is formed on at least one first longitudinal side of the horizontal support.

[0052] Thanks to the hinged hook(s) on one of the long sides of the horizontal beam, in addition to the horizontal beam, the formwork panel that can be secured thereto can also be advantageously mounted and / or dismantled from below, in particular by allowing the formwork panel to pivot about a rotation axis that the formwork panel can form with a second horizontal beam. The advantages are analogous to the previous description of the advantages of the pivotable horizontal beam.

[0053] Preferably, a lower region or an upper region of the folding hook can be hingedly connected to the horizontal support, preferably to the first longitudinal side of the horizontal support.

[0054] The hinged hook is preferably connected to the horizontal beam in an articulated manner such that the hinged hook can be tilted or folded in the direction of the first longitudinal side of the horizontal beam, thereby creating space for the assembly and / or disassembly of the formwork panel, particularly in the vertical direction. The arrangement of the articulated connection, preferably formed by a pivot axis, at the lower region of the hinged hook can be particularly advantageous for actuating the hinged hook, particularly by pressure with a pressure component in the direction of the first longitudinal side or diagonally from below.

[0055] It is advantageous if, in addition to the articulated connection, the folding hook has a positive guide via which the folding hook is connected to the horizontal support, in particular to the first long side of the horizontal support. The positive guide can, preferably in a similar way to a window lock, prevent the folding hook from folding out beyond a certain angle, so that the positive guide defines the carrying position in particular by means of a stop, i.e. prevents the folding hook from folding out beyond the carrying position. The positive guide can preferably have one, particularly preferably two guide elements or guide rails which serve to guide the folding hook along a predetermined path when it is folded out. For this purpose, the guide rails can preferably each have a recess or groove, in particular an elongated hole, in which a bolt or pin of the folding hook is preferably movably fixed or guided.One end of the respective guide rail can be hinged to the horizontal support, while the other end of the respective guide rail interacts with one of the bolts or pins of the folding hook in such a way that the maximum angle by which the folding hook can be unfolded is limited. The positive guide is preferably arranged or fixed in an area of ​​the folding hook that faces away from the hinged connection of the folding hook to the horizontal support.

[0056] Particularly preferably, the articulated connection is formed at the lower region of the folding hook, preferably at the underside, preferably by a folding axis, while the forced guide in the preferably described embodiment is fixed in an upper region of the folding hook.

[0057] It has proven particularly suitable if the folding hook is adjustable at least into a carrying position and into a formwork position, wherein the folding hook is positioned in the carrying position when the horizontal beam is used as intended in such a way that the formwork panel can be fixed to the folding hook in a horizontal or horizontal orientation, and wherein a projection of the folding hook over the first longitudinal side is smaller in the formwork position than in the carrying position.

[0058] In the carrying position, the folding hook allows the formwork panel to be secured to the horizontal beam, or the folding hook is suitable for supporting the formwork panel, so that the formwork panel or formwork can be used for pouring a concrete slab with liquid concrete. In the carrying position, the folding hook is in a particularly extended position, with the folding hook supported by a stop.

[0059] The shuttering position is intended primarily for assembling the formwork panel or for shuttering. In the shuttering position, the folding hook is in a folded-in position. It can be advantageous if the folding hook is not fully folded in the shuttering position, especially if it is not locked in the shuttering position.

[0060] Preferably, in the carrying position, an upper side of the folding hook forms an at least approximately horizontal support surface for the formwork panel.

[0061] In this case, the formwork panel, in particular one side or edge of the formwork panel, can be placed on the hinged hook, so that the formwork panel is held or supported on the hinged hook or the horizontal beam essentially by its weight. If necessary, the formwork panel can also be hooked onto the hinged hook, for example, onto one or more projections or protrusions protruding from the upper side of the support surface. However, the support surface can also be designed without a projection.

[0062] It has proven particularly advantageous if the folding hook can be transferred from the carrying position into the formwork position, in particular by pressure against the folding hook with a pressure component in the direction of the first longitudinal side.

[0063] The pressure can preferably be exerted or imparted by the formwork panel to be installed. In particular, the pressure, which is usually actively exerted by the installer, can also be applied diagonally from below. Preferably, the folding hook can be moved from the supporting position to the shuttering position during installation of the formwork panel by guiding or pivoting one side of the formwork panel diagonally from bottom to top along the folding hook, for example by tilting or folding the folding hook in the direction of the first long side of the horizontal beam. In particular, this advantageously does not necessarily require any additional aid.

[0064] Alternatively or additionally, it may be particularly advantageous for the folding hook to be designed and constructed so that, if no external pressure component acts on the folding hook, it can move independently from the shuttering position to the carrying position.

[0065] In one embodiment, the folding hook can move from the shuttering position to the carrying position by a spring force and / or by a preferably elastic restoring force.

[0066] It can also be advantageous if the folding hook can be adjusted to a dismantling position.

[0067] The stripping position is intended primarily for dismantling the formwork panel or for stripping. The stripping position can also be used as a transport position if necessary.

[0068] Preferably, in the formwork stripping position, the projection of the folding hook over the first longitudinal side is less than in the carrying position and preferably also less than in the formwork assembly position.

[0069] In an advantageous embodiment, the folding hook remains in the stripping position without external influence, wherein the folding hook is preferably fixed in a force-fitting and / or form-fitting manner to the first longitudinal side in the stripping position, in particular is clamped and / or locked.

[0070] By remaining in the folded position, the stripping position is particularly well suited for dismantling and / or transporting the horizontal beam, in particular in contrast to the shuttering position, from which the folding hook preferably moves independently into the carrying position or the folded-out position.

[0071] It is advantageous if at least two, preferably exactly two, three or four folding hooks are formed on the first longitudinal side of the horizontal beam for securing the formwork panel.

[0072] It can further be provided that at least one folding hook and / or one immovable support hook is formed on a second longitudinal side of the horizontal beam for securing a further formwork panel.

[0073] The folding hook is, in particular, a folding hook as described above. The projection of the folding hook on the second longitudinal side is analogous to the second longitudinal side of the horizontal beam. In particular, the folding hook is movable, tiltable, or foldable, whereas the immovable support hook is rigid.

[0074] It is preferable that either only hinged hooks or only fixed support hooks are formed on a respective long side. In particular, it is not preferred if both hinged hooks and support hooks are formed on a long side. Within the scope of the invention, support hooks are not provided on both long sides of the horizontal beam. However, it can be provided that hinged hooks are provided on both long sides of the horizontal beam.Particularly preferred is an embodiment of the invention in which exclusively folding hooks are formed on the first longitudinal side and exclusively immovable support hooks are formed on the second longitudinal side, wherein a plurality of horizontal supports are preferably arranged such that in each case one longitudinal side with folding hooks, in particular the first longitudinal side of a first horizontal support, is opposite a longitudinal side with immovable support hooks, in particular the second longitudinal side of a second horizontal support.

[0075] Preferably, the folding hooks and / or immovable support hooks formed on the second longitudinal side are each formed at the same longitudinal position with respect to a longitudinal axis of the horizontal support as the folding hooks formed on the first longitudinal side.

[0076] The invention further relates to a device for at least partially forming a concrete ceiling, comprising at least one horizontal beam, a first ceiling support, and a second ceiling support, wherein the horizontal beam can be secured in a horizontal orientation between the ceiling supports. According to the invention, a locking hook movable between a locking position and an unlocking position is formed on at least one first end of the horizontal beam for securing it to the first ceiling support.

[0077] The horizontal beam can preferably be a horizontal beam with one or more features according to the preceding description. Preferably, at least two horizontal beams and four floor supports are provided. The floor supports can be designed as a single piece, one-piece, or multi-piece. The floor supports are preferably height-adjustable. Furthermore, it has proven advantageous if the floor supports extend from floor level to ceiling height, so that the floor supports are in direct contact with the ceiling after the concrete has been poured.

[0078] Furthermore, a plurality of formwork panels can be provided, preferably just enough so that all the folding hooks of the horizontal beams can be covered with formwork panels and / or so that a continuous formwork surface can be formed with the formwork panels.

[0079] The advantages of the device according to the invention result analogously from the already described advantages of the horizontal support according to the invention.

[0080] In an advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention, the ceiling supports each have a support leg and a support head at the upper end of the support leg, wherein the support head has at least one support receptacle and a lowering wedge and the support receptacle can be lowered for disassembly by actuating the lowering wedge, and wherein the locking hook can be hooked onto the support receptacle of the first ceiling support.

[0081] Preferably, the support holder of the second ceiling support provides a pivot axis about which the horizontal support can be pivoted.

[0082] In particular, a second end of the horizontal beam can form the pivot axis with the support receptacle of the second ceiling support. For this purpose, a locking hook or a fixed hook is preferably formed on the second end of the horizontal beam. For assembly, the horizontal beam can be pivoted upwards, which can be performed without first lowering the ceiling support. For disassembly, the horizontal beam can be pivoted downwards.

[0083] The horizontal support can be pivotable or rotatable within an angular range, preferably by approximately 90° from an at least approximately perpendicular or vertical position to an at least approximately horizontal or horizontal position. A smaller angular range may also be sufficient for intended use. An angular range greater than 90° is generally not necessary.

[0084] It has proven particularly suitable if the ceiling supports, the horizontal beams and the formwork panels form a plane upwards, which in particular forms a formwork surface.

[0085] The invention further relates to a method for at least partially forming a concrete ceiling using at least one first ceiling support, a second ceiling support, at least two horizontal beams and at least one formwork panel, comprising at least the following steps: (a) Erecting at least the first ceiling prop and the second ceiling prop, each having a support leg and a support head at the upper end of the support leg, wherein the support heads each have at least one support receptacle and a lowering wedge; (b) Suspending an immovable hook formed at a second end of one of the horizontal supports or a locking hook onto the support receptacle of the second ceiling prop, such that in both variants the second end of the horizontal support and the second ceiling prop form a pivot axis; (c) Pivoting upwards a first end of the horizontal support; (d) Moving a locking hook formed at the first end of the horizontal support into a locking position, fixing the locking hook in the locking position with a fixing member, preferably a fixing wedge, and hooking the locking hook onto the support receptacle of the first ceiling prop.

[0086] After the formwork has been set, the formwork surface or formwork shape defined by the formwork can be filled with liquid concrete, which can then harden in the shape specified by the formwork to form a ceiling.

[0087] The formwork of a concrete slab can preferably be carried out using horizontal beams and / or a device having one or more features according to the previous description.

[0088] The advantages of the method according to the invention for at least partially forming a concrete ceiling result analogously from the already described advantages of the horizontal beam according to the invention and the device according to the invention.

[0089] The erection of the floor props in step (a) can preferably be carried out such that the floor props are arranged on a rectangular base area. Further preferably, it can be provided that the distance between the floor props on two opposite side lines of the base area corresponds at least approximately to the length of one of the horizontal beams, and the distance on the other two opposite side lines corresponds at least approximately to the length of one of the formwork panels. The length of the formwork panel is to be measured, in particular, perpendicular to the first longitudinal side of the horizontal beam.

[0090] The horizontal beam can be swung up in step (c) using a pole or formwork aid.

[0091] The horizontal support can be pivotable or rotatable within an angular range, preferably by approximately 90° from an at least approximately vertical position to an at least approximately horizontal position. A smaller angular range may also be sufficient for intended use. An angular range greater than 90° is generally not necessary.

[0092] Individual steps and / or groups of steps of the method may be repeated iteratively, for example, steps (a) to (d). Step (a) may also be repeated iteratively first, before steps (b) to (d) are subsequently repeated iteratively as a group.

[0093] Further intermediate steps may be provided between any two consecutive steps of steps (a) to (d) of the method according to the invention. Furthermore, the steps may each comprise sub-steps.

[0094] Preferably, steps (a) to (d) are repeated iteratively until a total of at least four floor props are erected and at least one first horizontal beam and one second horizontal beam are suspended, wherein the floor props are each connected in pairs by one of the horizontal beams, and wherein the horizontal beams each run parallel to one another in pairs at least approximately one length apart from the formwork panel. Thereafter, the following additional step can preferably be provided: (e) securing the formwork panel between two of the parallel horizontal beams.

[0095] Step (e) can then be repeated iteratively as required, in particular until the folding hooks or the support hooks on at least one long side of the two horizontal beams are completely covered with formwork panels.

[0096] In the method or variants of the method, in particular, as many formwork panels can be used as can be accommodated on the folding hooks and / or immovable support hooks of the horizontal beams when used as intended.

[0097] Individual steps and / or groups of steps of the process can be repeated iteratively until the ceiling to be cast or concreted is at least partially formworked.

[0098] In an advantageous further development of the method for at least partially forming a concrete slab, step (e) following step (d) comprises the following sub-steps: (e1) Placing a second side of the formwork panel on at least one folding hook on a longitudinal side of the second horizontal beam facing the first horizontal beam, wherein the folding hook is in a supporting position in which the folding hook forms an at least approximately horizontal support surface for the formwork panel, or placing a second side of the formwork panel on at least one immovable support hook of the second horizontal beam, such that in both of the variants the second horizontal beam and the formwork panel form an axis of rotation; (e2) Swinging up a first side of the formwork panel; (e3) Guiding the first side of the formwork panel from bottom to top along at least one folding hook on a first longitudinal side of the first horizontal beam, which runs parallel to the second horizontal beam at least approximately at a distance of the length of the formwork panel, wherein the folding hook is brought into a formwork position by pivoting the formwork panel upwards, in which a projection of the folding hook over the first longitudinal side is less than in the carrying position; (e4) Placing the first side on the folding hook of the first horizontal support, wherein the folding hook is designed such that the folding hook, after the first side of the formwork panel has been guided past the folding hook, preferably independently, moves into the carrying position, and wherein the formwork panel assumes a horizontal orientation.

[0099] In step (e1), the second side of the formwork panel can be placed or fixed on at least one, preferably at least two, folding hooks.

[0100] The longitudinal side of the second horizontal beam facing the first horizontal beam can in particular be a second longitudinal side of a horizontal beam according to the previous description.

[0101] The pivoting up of one of the formwork panels in step (e2) can be done with the help of a pole or formwork aid.

[0102] The formwork panel can be pivotable or rotatable, in particular, within an angular range, preferably by approximately 90° from an at least approximately vertical position to an at least approximately horizontal position. A smaller angular range may also be sufficient for intended use. An angular range greater than 90° is generally not necessary.

[0103] In step (e3), by pivoting the formwork panel upwards, preferably all folding hooks of the first long side are brought into a formwork position.

[0104] If necessary, steps (e1) to (e4) can be repeated iteratively until the folding hooks or the immovable support hooks on at least one long side of the horizontal beams are completely covered with formwork panels.

[0105] In an alternative, but not preferred, variant of the formwork method, after step (e1), unlike what is described in steps (e2) and (e3), at least one folding hook, preferably all of them, on the first longitudinal side of the first horizontal beam can first be manually folded in or brought into a formwork-setting position, and only then can a first side of the formwork panel be pivoted upwards. The first side can be guided unhindered from bottom to top along the folding hook, in particular without the folding hook being actuated by the formwork panel or brought into the formwork-setting position by the formwork panel.In this non-preferred variant, the folding hooks can be held in the formwork position, for example by a rod or formwork aid, while the formwork panel is pivoted upwards, or it can be provided that the folding hooks clamp or latch in the formwork position, so that the folding hooks are at least temporarily held in the formwork position so that the formwork panel can be pivoted upwards. It is also conceivable to move the folding hooks into the formwork position using a motor. The folding hook can then be moved back into the carrying position by actuating the folding hook, for example using a rod or the formwork aid or using a motor, for example by releasing a clamp or latch, if necessary also by a mechanism designed in such a way that a latch is released when the folding hook is pushed in further.The arrangement of the horizontal beams and the definition of the formwork position can be analogous to the previous description.

[0106] The invention also relates to a method for at least partially removing the formwork from a concrete slab, which was previously formed using at least one first slab prop, one second slab prop, at least two horizontal beams, preferably a first horizontal beam and a second horizontal beam, and at least one formwork panel, in particular by means of a method for at least partially forming the formwork according to the preceding description. This second method comprises at least the following steps: (f) lowering the horizontal beams, preferably by actuating lowering wedges on the ceiling supports; (g) dismantling the at least one formwork panel resting on the horizontal beams; (h) if necessary, supporting at least a first end of one of the horizontal beams; (i) releasing a fixing member, preferably releasing a fixing wedge, whichwhich fixes a locking hook at a first end of the horizontal support in a locking position in which the locking hook is hooked onto a support receptacle of the first ceiling support, moving the locking hook from the locking position into an unlocking position and unhooking the first end of the horizontal support from the support receptacle of the first ceiling support; (k) pivoting the first end of the horizontal support downwards about a pivot axis at a second end of the horizontal support, wherein the second end of the horizontal support continues to be supported by the second ceiling support; (m) removing the second end of the horizontal support from the second ceiling support; (n) if necessary, dismantling ceiling supports which no longer support horizontal supports.

[0107] The designation of the steps, starting with (f), was chosen solely for the purpose of distinguishing them from steps (a) to (e) of the (first) method for at least partially erecting a concrete slab. The formwork can preferably have been installed using the method according to the invention described above, but it can also have been installed using a different method. Furthermore, the formwork is not dismantled or removed immediately after erection. Stripping generally takes place after pouring a slab with liquid concrete and the at least partial hardening of the concrete in the shape specified by the formwork.

[0108] The advantages of the method according to the invention for at least partially removing the formwork from a concrete ceiling result from the already described advantages of the horizontal beam according to the invention, the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention for at least partially forming a concrete ceiling.

[0109] The lowering of the horizontal beams in step (f) is accompanied by a lowering of the formwork panels attached to them. In other words, the horizontal beams are lowered together with the formwork panel(s) attached to the horizontal beam. In this case, the lowering wedges of the floor props to which the first horizontal beam and / or the second horizontal beam are attached are preferably actuated.

[0110] The lowering serves to create sufficient clearance or space from the ceiling to dismantle the formwork panels and / or horizontal beams, which usually requires a slight lifting of one side or end. Preferably, the ceiling props remain in contact with the concrete ceiling in order to at least support the ceiling props with their upper ends. The lowering can be achieved, for example, using a lowering mechanism of a support head located at the upper end of the ceiling prop, based on DE 10 2017 210 195 A1 by the applicant.

[0111] Step (h), which includes the term "if necessary," is an optional step.

[0112] The supporting of the horizontal beam in step (h) and / or the pivoting down of the horizontal beam in step (k) can preferably be carried out with the aid of a pole or formwork aid.

[0113] The support of the second end of the horizontal beam by the second ceiling support in step (k) can be effected in particular by engagement of an immovable hook or locking hook formed at the second end into a beam receptacle of the second ceiling support.

[0114] In particular, between step (g) or one of the steps (h) to (m) and step (n), i.e. before dismantling the floor props, a break can be provided to allow the concrete, which may still be partially damp, to harden further. This is particularly the case if steps (f) to (m) are carried out as part of early stripping when the concrete slab has not yet achieved sufficient strength to be self-supporting. Therefore, initially only the formwork panels and, if applicable, the horizontal beams are dismantled, whereas the floor props are left in place until they have completely hardened. Only then is step (n) carried out. Alternatively, the break for hardening can also be provided between step (g) and one of the steps (h) to (m).

[0115] Analogous to the method described above for at least partially forming a concrete slab, individual steps and / or groups of steps of the method can also be repeated iteratively, if necessary, in the method for at least partially removing the formwork from a concrete slab. The various combination options arise analogously to the previous description. Furthermore, further intermediate steps can be provided between each two consecutive steps of steps (f) to (n). Furthermore, the steps can each comprise sub-steps.

[0116] In an advantageous further development of the method for at least partially removing the formwork from a concrete ceiling, step (g) comprises the following sub-steps: (g1) if necessary, supporting at least a first side of the formwork panel; (g2) Folding in at least one folding hook on a first longitudinal side of the first horizontal beam on which the formwork panel rests with a first side, preferably into a stripping position with a reduced overhang of the folding hook over the first longitudinal side, wherein the folding hook is preferably designed such that the folding hook remains in the stripping position without external influence; (g3) Pivoting the first side of the formwork panel downwards, wherein a second side of the formwork panel continues to rest on at least one folding hook and / or an immovable support hook of the second horizontal support; (g4) Removing the second side of the formwork panel from the second horizontal beam.

[0117] The first and second horizontal beams, or preferably all horizontal beams used in the method or device according to the invention, are preferably identically designed. This means that the horizontal beams preferably each have an identically designed first longitudinal side with hinged hooks and an identically designed second longitudinal side with hinged hooks or fixed support hooks. Furthermore, the two ends at which the locking hooks or the fixed hooks are formed are preferably identically designed for all horizontal beams.

[0118] The supporting of the formwork panel in step (g1) and / or the pivoting down of the formwork panel in step (g3) can preferably be carried out with the aid of a rod or formwork aid.

[0119] The folding in of at least one folding hook provided in step (g2) preferably provides that all folding hooks provided on the first longitudinal side in order to support a formwork panel are folded in, preferably into a dismantling position in which the folding hooks are preferably held at least temporarily in a force-locking and / or form-locking manner, preferably clamped, latched or locked, so that the formwork panel can be pivoted down, as provided in step (g3).

[0120] Preferably, one formwork panel at a time is swung down and only then are the folding hooks folded in or moved into the stripping position to swing down a second formwork panel, which may be attached to the same horizontal beam. This increases safety. Alternatively, it can also be provided in principle that the folding hooks that support two, three or all formwork panels on the first long side of the first horizontal beam are first folded in or moved into the stripping position and then the formwork panels are swung down one after the other according to step (g3). However, this preferably requires several people or fitters to operate the formwork panels or that rods or formwork aids are provided to hold or secure the formwork panels in position after the folding hooks have been folded in, so that they do not swing down on their own.

[0121] Features described in connection with one of the subject matters of the invention, in particular the horizontal support, the device, or the methods, can also be advantageously implemented for the other subject matters of the invention. Likewise, advantages mentioned in connection with one of the subject matters of the invention can also be understood to apply to the other subject matters of the invention.

[0122] It should also be noted that terms such as "comprising," "having," or "with" do not exclude other features or steps. Furthermore, terms such as "a" or "the," which indicate a singular number of steps or features, do not exclude a plurality of features or steps—and vice versa.

[0123] In a purist embodiment of the invention, however, it may also be provided that the features introduced in the invention with the terms "comprising," "having," or "with" are listed exhaustively. Accordingly, one or more lists of features may be considered complete within the scope of the invention, for example, for each claim. The invention may, for example, consist exclusively of the features mentioned in claim 1.

[0124] It should be noted that terms such as "first" or "second" etc. are used primarily for reasons of distinguishing between respective device or process features and are not necessarily intended to indicate that features are mutually dependent or related to one another.

[0125] In the following, embodiments of the invention are described in more detail with reference to the drawing.

[0126] The figures each show preferred embodiments in which individual features of the present invention are illustrated in combination with one another. Features of one embodiment can also be implemented independently of the other features of the same embodiment and can therefore be readily combined by a person skilled in the art to form further useful combinations and subcombinations with features of other embodiments.

[0127] In the figures, functionally identical elements are provided with the same reference numerals.

[0128] The figures represent the invention merely by way of example and in a highly schematic manner.

[0129] They show: Figure 1 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of the horizontal support according to the invention with a locking hook; Figure 2 shows a schematic view of a further embodiment of the horizontal support according to the invention; Figure 3 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of the horizontal support according to the invention, wherein a locking hook of the horizontal support is in the locking position and is fixed to a ceiling support; Figure 4 shows a further schematic view according to Figure 3; Figure 5 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of the horizontal beam according to the invention, wherein the locking hook is in the unlocking position; Figure 6 shows a further schematic view of an embodiment of the horizontal beam according to the invention, wherein the locking hook is in the unlocking position; Figure 7 shows a schematic detailed view of a fixing wedge of an embodiment of the horizontal beam according to the invention; Figure 8 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of the horizontal beam according to the invention, wherein a folding hook is in the shuttering position during the assembly of a formwork panel; Figure 9 shows a schematic view of a formwork system with an embodiment of the device according to the invention; Figure 10a shows a schematic representation of step (c) of the method according to the invention for at least partially shuttering a concrete ceiling;Figure 10b shows a schematic representation of step (d) of the method according to the invention for at least partially forming a concrete slab; Figure 10c shows a schematic representation of step (e) of an embodiment of the method according to the invention for at least partially forming a concrete slab; Figure 10d shows a schematic representation of the completed step (e) of the method according to the invention for at least partially forming a concrete slab; Figure 10e shows a schematic representation after iteratively repeating an embodiment of the method according to the invention for at least partially forming a concrete slab; and Figure 11 shows a schematic view of step (c) of the method according to the invention for at least partially forming a concrete slab.

[0130] Formwork for pouring floors with liquid concrete typically includes horizontal beams 1 and formwork panels 2 at the approximate height of the planned concrete floor to form a formwork surface. This is typically supported by floor props 3, but can, under certain circumstances, also be supported, at least partially, by the side walls of the room for which the concrete floor is intended.

[0131] The Figure 1 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of the horizontal beam 1 according to the invention for securing at least one formwork panel 2 and for securing to at least one ceiling support 3 for at least partial formwork of a concrete ceiling. A locking hook 4 for securing to the ceiling support 3 is formed on at least one first end 1a of the horizontal beam 1, wherein the locking hook 4 is movable between a locking position 5 and an unlocking position 6. The formwork panel 2 and the ceiling support 3 are in the Figure 1 Not shown. For an explanation of the locking position 5 and the unlocking position 6, please refer to the following description of the other figures.

[0132] In the Figure 2 a schematic view of a further embodiment of the horizontal support 1 according to the invention is shown (from a different perspective).

[0133] The Figures 3 and 4 each show a schematic view of an embodiment of the horizontal support 1 according to the invention on a ceiling support 3. The locking hook 4 is located in particular in the locking position 5. Preferably, the locking hook 4 can be fixed in the locking position 5 with a fixing member, which in the exemplary embodiment is preferably designed as a fixing wedge 7, in particular in order to fix or secure the horizontal support 1 to the ceiling support 3. To clarify the fastening principle, the ceiling support 3 is in the Figure 4shown in cross-section, so that the engagement of the locking hook 4 on the ceiling support 3 as well as the engagement of the fixing wedge 7 in the locking hook 4 is visible. The locking hook 4 can be fixed to a support receptacle 16 of the ceiling support 3. In the exemplary embodiment, the locking hook 4 is preferably fixed with a receptacle, in particular a recess 4a or a notch or a nose on a complementary projection 16a of the support receptacle 16 of the ceiling support 3 or of the support head 15.

[0134] The recess 4a, with which the locking hook 4 can be fixed to the projection 16a or generally to the support receptacle 16 of the ceiling support 3, is preferably formed in a projection of the locking hook 4, which, when the locking hook 4 is in the locking position 5, projects beyond the first end 1a of the horizontal support 1.

[0135] In the Figures 5 and 6are also shown schematic views of an embodiment of the horizontal beam 1 according to the invention on a ceiling support 3. The horizontal beam 1 is in the Figure 5 , relative to an upper end of the ceiling support 3 and unlike in the previous figures, lowered. In particular, the support holder 16 is in the Figure 5 compared to the representation in the Figures 3 and 4 lowered. Preferably, a lowering wedge 17 is provided for lowering, which is shown only in a highly simplified manner. The support receptacle 16 or the support head 15 can be lowered in particular by sliding or knocking out the lowering wedge 17. Furthermore, the locking hook 4 is located in the Figures 5 and 6 in the unlocking position 6 and is released from the ceiling support 3. For clarity, the ceiling support 3 is in the Figure 6 , analogous to the Figure 4, shown in cross-section. In the unlocking position 6, the locking hook 4 can in particular be pivotable in order to release the locking hook 4 from the ceiling support 3 and / or to secure it to the ceiling support 3.

[0136] Various designs are possible for moving, in particular pivoting, the latching hook 4 between the locking position 5 and the unlocking position 6. The exemplary embodiment shows an embodiment in which the latching hook 4 can pivot about a latching hook axis 4b of the horizontal support 1. However, the exemplary embodiment is not limited to this. The fixing member, which in the exemplary embodiment is preferably designed as a fixing wedge 7, can fix the latching hook 4 in the locking position 5, so that the latching hook 4 cannot pivot about the latching hook axis 4b. As soon as the fixing wedge 7 is moved into a position in which it no longer fixes the latching hook 4, the latching hook 4 can be moved from the locking position 5 into the unlocking position 6, preferably by a pivoting movement in which the projection of the latching hook 4 or the recess 4a is pivoted upwards.

[0137] In the unlocking position 6, the locking hook 4 preferably no longer projects beyond the first end 1a of the horizontal beam 1. This is shown in the Figures 5 and 6 shown accordingly.

[0138] The Figure 7 shows a schematic detailed view of the fixing member or fixing wedge 7 of an embodiment of the horizontal support 1 according to the invention. It can be advantageous if the fixing wedge 7 is displaceable along its longitudinal axis, as in the Figure 7indicated by a double arrow, and is arranged at least approximately orthogonally to the locking hook 4. The fixing wedge 7 can have a first section 7a, which in the locking position 5 engages positively and / or non-positively in a recess 8 of the locking hook 4, for example in at least one undercut 8a of the recess 8, so that the locking hook 4 is fixed in the locking position 5. In the embodiment shown, the recess 8 is in particular T-shaped, which in the Figures 4 and 6is even more clearly visible. Furthermore, the first section 7a of the fixing wedge 7 has a cross-section with at least approximately the shape and size of the recess 8, in particular with at least one bulge 9 which engages in a form-fitting manner in the undercut 8a. The first section 7a of the fixing wedge 7 preferably has a T-shaped cross-section, the horizontal extent of the T-cross-section forming the bulges 9 which engage in the undercuts 8a of the recess 8. In addition, the fixing wedge 7 can have a second section 7b which engages in the recess 8 of the locking hook 4, but does not prevent a pivoting movement of the locking hook 4 from the locking position 5 into the unlocking position 6. For this purpose, it can be provided in particular that the cross-section of the second section 7b does not have a bulge 9 orThe horizontal extension of the T-shaped cross-section, which engages the undercut 8a, is missing in the second section 7b compared to the first section 7a. The second section 7b thus only has the vertical extension of the T-shaped cross-section of the first section 7a.

[0139] In the context of the exemplary embodiment according to the Figure 7 The fixing wedge 7 fixes the locking hook 4 in the locking position 5 when the fixing wedge 7 is moved or pushed to the left so that the first section 7a is positioned in the recess 8 of the locking hook 4. This position corresponds to the view in the Figure 4 .

[0140] In the locking position 5, the locking hook 4 cannot be pivoted, in particular perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the fixing wedge 7.

[0141] The locking hook 4 can be moved or pivoted into the unlocking position 6 if the fixing wedge 7 is in the embodiment according to the Figure 7 is moved or pushed to the right so that the second section 7b is positioned in the recess 8 of the locking hook 4.

[0142] In the in the Figure 7 In the embodiment shown, the fixing wedge 7 can have a transition region between the first section 7a and the second section 7b, in which the bulge 9 of the second section 7a decreases in a wedge shape towards the second section 7b, which has no projection. As a result, the fixing wedge 7 can be displaced in the direction of its longitudinal axis in a simplified manner and can be clamped in the undercut 8a in the position in which the fixing wedge 7 fixes the locking hook 4. Furthermore, the fixing wedge 7 has a stop at each of its two ends, which prevents the fixing wedge 7 from being pushed through completely and thus falling down, or ensures that the fixing wedge 7 always remains at least loosely attached to the horizontal support 1.

[0143] It may be advantageous if a locking hook 4 or a fixed hook for securing to a further (second) ceiling support 3 is formed at a second end 1b of the horizontal support 1. This is not shown in detail in the drawing. The locking hook 4 at the second end 1b of the horizontal support 1 can, in particular, be a locking hook 4 according to the previous description. Preferably, the locking hook 4 at the second end 1b of the horizontal support 1 also has a corresponding fixing wedge 7 or, in general, a fixing member. Furthermore, the locking hook 4 at the second end 1b of the horizontal support 1 can preferably be secured to a support receptacle 16 of the (second) ceiling support 3, in particular with a recess 4a of the locking hook 4 on a projection 16a of the support receptacle 16.If a fixed hook is provided at the second end 1b of the horizontal support 1, it is preferably designed to secure the second end 1b to a second support receptacle 25 of the (second) ceiling support 3. In particular, it can be provided that the second support receptacle 25 of the ceiling support 3 for use with the fixed hook is not identical to the (first) support receptacle 16 of the ceiling support 3 for use with the locking hook 4. Preferably, the second support receptacle 25 itself is hook-shaped.

[0144] The ceiling support 3 can thus preferably have two identical support receptacles 16, in particular for securing a respective latching hook 4, or a (first) support receptacle 16 for securing a latching hook 4 and a second support receptacle 25 for securing an immovable hook.

[0145] In a further development of the invention, at least one folding hook 10 for securing the formwork panel 2 can be formed on at least one first longitudinal side 1c of the horizontal beam 1. This is shown, for example, in the Figures 1 , 3 and 5 Furthermore, at least one folding hook 10 and / or one immovable support hook 11 can be formed on a second longitudinal side 1d of the horizontal support 1.

[0146] In the Figures 1 , 3 and 5 The horizontal support 1 has a plurality of folding hooks 10 on a first longitudinal side 1c and a plurality of immovable support hooks 11 on the second longitudinal side 1d. In the embodiment according to Figure 2 The horizontal support 1 has immovable support hooks 11 on both long sides 1c, 1d. It can also be provided that the horizontal support 1 has folding hooks 10 on both long sides 1c, 1d.

[0147] Preferably, the folding hook 10 is adjustable at least into a carrying position 21 and into a shuttering position 24, wherein the folding hook 10 is positioned in the carrying position 21 when the horizontal beam 1 is used as intended, such that the formwork panel 2 can be fixed to the folding hook 10 in a horizontal orientation, and wherein a projection of the folding hook 10 over the first longitudinal side 1c in the shuttering position 24 is smaller than in the carrying position 21. This is based on the Figure 8which shows a schematic view of an embodiment of the horizontal support 1 according to the invention during the assembly of the formwork panel 2. The arrow indicates how the formwork panel 2 can be pivoted upwards along the folding hook 10. It may also be advantageous if, in the carrying position 21, an upper side of the folding hook 10 forms an at least approximately horizontal support surface 22 for the formwork panel 2. The resting of the formwork panel 2 on the folding hook 10 is shown, for example, in the Figures 3 and 5 shown.

[0148] It has also proven advantageous if the hinged hook 10 can be adjusted to a stripping position. Preferably, in the stripping position, the projection of the hinged hook 10 beyond the first longitudinal side 1c is less than in the supporting position 21 and preferably also less than in the shuttering position 24.

[0149] The examples in the Figures 1 to 8also serve to disclose a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention.

[0150] The Figure 9shows a schematic view of a formwork system or formwork with an embodiment of the device according to the invention for at least partially formwork a concrete ceiling, wherein the arrangement of the formwork components shown can be continued analogously beyond the edge of the figure. The device has at least one horizontal beam 1, a first ceiling support 3, 12 and a second ceiling support 3, 13, wherein the horizontal beam 1 can be fixed in a horizontal orientation between the ceiling supports 3, 12, 13. At least one first end 1a of the horizontal beam 1 is formed with a locking hook 4 which can be moved between a locking position 5 and an unlocking position 6 for fixing to the first ceiling support 3, 12. The horizontal beam 1 can preferably be a horizontal beam 1 according to the Figures 1 to 8 and the above description. The locking hook 4 is in the Figure 9 not visible.

[0151] In the device according to the invention or in the formwork systems, in particular more than one horizontal beam 1 and / or more than two ceiling supports 3, 12, 13 and, if necessary, additionally several formwork panels 2 can be provided, preferably exactly as many as are necessary to form a sufficiently large formwork surface for pouring the planned concrete ceiling.

[0152] It has proven advantageous if the ceiling props 3, 12, 13 each have a support leg 14 and a support head 15 at the upper end of the support leg 14, wherein the support head 15 has at least one support receptacle 16 and a lowering wedge 17. The support receptacle 16 can be lowered for disassembly by actuating the lowering wedge 17. The locking hook 4 can be hooked onto the support receptacle 16 of the first ceiling prop 3, 12. An advantageous embodiment of the support head 15 is the Figure 3 or 5 removable.

[0153] Preferably, the support receptacle 16 of the second ceiling support 3, 13 provides a pivot axis 18 (see Figure 10a ) around which the horizontal beam 1 can be pivoted.

[0154] The examples in the Figures 1 to 9 also serve to disclose a method for at least partially forming and removing formwork from a concrete slab. Furthermore, the Figures 10a to 10e and the Figure 11 individual steps of the procedure in principle, as described in more detail below. Figures 10a to 10e The formwork is shown schematically and highly simplified from above in various steps or snapshots of the process.

[0155] The method according to the invention for at least partially forming a concrete ceiling using at least one first ceiling support 3, 12, a second ceiling support 3, 13, at least two horizontal beams 1 and at least one formwork panel 2 preferably comprises at least the following steps: (a) Erecting at least the first ceiling prop 3, 12 and the second ceiling prop 3, 13, each having a support leg 14 and a support head 15 at the upper end of the support leg 14, wherein the support heads 15 each have at least one support receptacle 16 and a lowering wedge 17; (b) Suspending an immovable hook formed on a second end 1b of one of the horizontal beams 1 or a locking hook 4 on the support receptacle 16 of the second ceiling prop 3, 13, such that in both variants the second end 1b of the horizontal beam 1 and the second ceiling prop 3, 13 form a pivot axis 18; (c) Swiveling up a first end 1a of the horizontal beam 1;(d) moving a locking hook 4 formed on the first end 1a of the horizontal support 1 into a locking position 5, fixing the locking hook 4 in the locking position 5 with a fixing member, preferably a fixing wedge 7, and hooking the locking hook 4 onto the support receptacle 16 of the first ceiling support 3, 12;

[0156] It should be noted that, for example, for the assembly of formwork systems with a larger number of horizontal beams, formwork panels and / or floor supports or of several connected devices according to the invention, groups of steps and / or individual steps of the method according to the invention can be repeated iteratively as required until the desired or required state of the formwork is achieved.

[0157] The Figure 10a represents step (c) in principle, whereby the one on the left side of the Figure 10aThe horizontal beam 1, 19 shown is pivoted upwards (refer to the arrows), and the horizontal beam 1, 19 is still oriented at a downward angle. The pivoting upwards occurs particularly in the direction away from the plane of the drawing.

[0158] In the Figure 10b step (d) or the state of the formwork after a single repetition of the method according to the invention is shown in principle.

[0159] Steps (a) to (d) can be repeated iteratively within the framework of an extended process until a total of at least four floor props 3, 12, 13 are erected and at least one first horizontal beam 1, 19 and one second horizontal beam 1, 20 are suspended, wherein the floor props 3, 12, 13 are each connected in pairs by one of the horizontal beams 1, 19, 20, and wherein the horizontal beams 1, 19, 20 each run parallel to one another in pairs at least approximately spaced apart by a length of the formwork panel 2. Thereafter, the following additional step can preferably be provided: (e) securing the formwork panel 2 between two of the parallel horizontal beams 1, 19, 20.

[0160] The Figure 10c shows a schematic representation of step (e), which is an intermediate stage of step (e), in which the formwork panel 2 is initially fixed with one side to one of the horizontal beams 1, 19, 20.

[0161] In one embodiment of the method according to the invention, step (e) may in particular comprise the following substeps: (e1) Placing a second side 2b of the formwork panel 2 on at least one folding hook 10 on a long side of the second horizontal beam 1, 20 facing the first horizontal beam 1, 19, wherein the folding hook 10 is in a supporting position 21 in which the folding hook 10 forms an at least approximately horizontal support surface 22 for the formwork panel 2, or placing a second side 2b of the formwork panel 2 on at least one immovable support hook 11 of the second horizontal beam 1, 20, such that in both variants the second horizontal beam 1, 20 and the formwork panel 2 form a rotation axis 23; (e2) Swiveling up a first side 2a of the formwork panel 2; (e3) Guiding the first side 2a of the formwork panel 2 from bottom to top along at least one folding hook 10 on a first longitudinal side 1c of the first horizontal support 1, 19, which runs parallel to the second horizontal support 1, 20 at least approximately at a distance of the length of the formwork panel 2, wherein the folding hook 10 is brought into a formwork position 24 by pivoting the formwork panel 2 upwards, in which a projection of the folding hook 10 over the first longitudinal side 1c is less than in the supporting position 21; (e4) Placing the first side 2a on the folding hook 10 of the first horizontal support 1, 19, wherein the folding hook 10 is designed such that the folding hook 10, after the first side 2a of the formwork panel 2 has been guided past the folding hook 10, preferably independently, moves into the carrying position 21, and wherein the formwork panel 2 assumes a horizontal orientation.

[0162] The Figure 10c In particular, it can be understood as a schematic representation of sub-step (e2), wherein the formwork panel 2 is pivoted upwards (for which reference is made to the arrow illustration), and wherein the formwork panel 2 is still oriented at a downward angle. The pivoting upwards occurs in particular in a direction away from the plane of the drawing.

[0163] The Figure 10drepresents the method for at least partially forming a concrete ceiling after completion of step (e), in one embodiment in particular of sub-step (e4). After this step, in particular after a single repetition of the extended method, a part or a section of the formwork can be completed.

[0164] The Figure 10e finally shows a finished formwork after iterative repetition of the extended procedure for at least partially forming a concrete slab.

[0165] In particular, in addition to the Figure 10a , shows the Figure 11 Another schematic view of step (c), showing the partially assembled formwork being pivoted upwards (refer to the arrows) of horizontal beam 1. The pivoting upwards can also be performed using an optional formwork support.

[0166] Once the formwork is fully installed, the slab can be poured using liquid concrete. To achieve minimum stability, the concrete must then at least partially harden. Only then can the formwork be removed.

[0167] The method according to the invention for at least partially removing the formwork from a concrete ceiling, which has previously been formed using at least one first ceiling support 3, 12, a second ceiling support 3, 13, at least two horizontal beams 1, preferably a first horizontal beam 1, 19 and a second horizontal beam 1, 20, and at least one formwork panel 2, in particular by means of a method according to the above description, preferably comprises at least the following steps: (f) lowering the horizontal beams 1, 19, 20, preferably by actuating lowering wedges 17 on the ceiling supports 3, 12, 13; (g) dismantling the at least one formwork panel 2 which rests on the horizontal beams 1, 19, 20; (h) if necessary, supporting at least a first end 1a of one of the horizontal beams 1, 19, 20; (i) releasing a fixing member, preferably releasing a fixing wedge 7, which orwhich fixes a locking hook 4 at a first end 1a of the horizontal support 1, 19, 20 in a locking position 5, in which the locking hook 4 is hooked onto a support receptacle 16 of the first ceiling support 12, moving the locking hook 4 from the locking position 5 into an unlocking position 6 and unhooking the first end 1a of the horizontal support 1 from the support receptacle 16 of the first ceiling support 3, 12; (k) pivoting the first end 1a of the horizontal support 1, 19, 20 downward about a pivot axis 18 at a second end 1b of the horizontal support 1, 19, 20, wherein the second end 1b of the horizontal support 1, 19, 20 continues to be supported by the second ceiling support 3, 13; (m) removing the second end 1b of the horizontal beam 1, 19, 20 from the second floor prop 3, 13; (n) if necessary, dismantling floor props 3, 12, 13 that no longer support horizontal beams 1, 19, 20.

[0168] Some of these steps may be at least substantially analogous to formwork, being performed in at least approximately the reverse order. Accordingly, with regard to the demolding method, reference is made to the above-described embodiments and illustrations of the formwork method with the necessary modifications.

[0169] In particular, the Figure 10c can also be understood as a representation of step (g) in the formwork removal, whereby the arrow, viewed in the opposite direction, indicates the dismantling of a formwork panel 2.

[0170] In one embodiment of the formwork removal method according to the invention, step (g) may in particular comprise the following sub-steps: (g1) if necessary, supporting at least a first side 2a of the formwork panel 2; (g2) Folding in at least one folding hook 10 on a first longitudinal side 1c of the first horizontal beam 1, 19 on which the formwork panel 2 rests with a first side 2a, preferably into a stripping position with a reduced projection of the folding hook 10 beyond the first longitudinal side 1c, wherein the folding hook 10 is preferably designed such that the folding hook 10 remains in the stripping position without external influence; (g3) Pivoting down the first side 2a of the formwork panel 2, wherein a second side 2b of the formwork panel 2 continues to rest on at least one folding hook 10 and / or an immovable support hook 11 of the second horizontal support 1, 20; (g4) Removing the second side 2b of the formwork panel 2 from the second horizontal beam 1, 20.

[0171] Furthermore, the Figure 10aalternatively be seen as a representation of step (k) in the formwork removal, where the arrow, viewed in the opposite direction, indicates the downward pivoting of the first end 1a of the horizontal beam 1, 19, 20. The same applies to the Figure 11 analogue.

[0172] The features of the various embodiments of the horizontal beam according to the invention, the horizontal beams mentioned in the context of the device according to the invention and the horizontal beams mentioned in connection with the formwork or stripping methods according to the invention can be combined with one another as desired, provided this is not technically impossible. List of reference symbols:

[0173] 1Horizontal beam 1aFirst end (of horizontal beam 1) 1bSecond end (of horizontal beam 1) 1cFirst long side (of horizontal beam 1) 1dSecond long side (of horizontal beam 1) 2Formwork panel 2aFirst side (of formwork panel 2) 2bSecond side (of formwork panel 2) 3Ceiling support 4Locking hook 4aRecess (of locking hook 4) 4bLocking hook axis 5Locking position 6Unlocking position 7Fixing wedge 7aFirst section (of fixing wedge 7) 7bSecond section (of fixing wedge 7) 8Recess 8aUndercut 9Bump 10Folding hook 11Fixed support hook 12First ceiling support 13Second ceiling support 14Support leg 15Support head 16Beam holder 16aProtrusion (of the beam support 16) 17Lowering wedge 18Pivot axis 19First horizontal beam 20Second horizontal beam 21Supporting position 22Support surface 23Rotation axis 24Forming position 25Second beam support

Claims

1. Horizontal beam (1) for fixing at least one formwork panel (2) and for fixing to at least one ceiling support (3) for at least partially forming a concrete ceiling, characterized in that at least one first end (1a) of the horizontal support (1) is provided with a latching hook (4) movable between a locking position (5) and an unlocking position (6) for securing to the ceiling support (3).

2. Horizontal beam (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the locking hook (4) can be fixed in the locking position (5) with a fixing member, in particular a fixing wedge (7), in particular in order to fasten the horizontal support (1) to the ceiling support (3).

3. Horizontal beam (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the locking hook (4) can be pivoted in the unlocking position (6) in order to release the locking hook (4) from the ceiling support (3) and / or to fix it to the ceiling support (3).

4. Horizontal beam (1) according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the fixing wedge (7) is displaceable along its longitudinal axis and is arranged at least approximately orthogonally to the locking hook (4), wherein the fixing wedge (7) has a first section (7a) which, in the locking position (5), engages in a recess (8) of the locking hook (4) in a form-fitting and / or force-fitting manner such that the locking hook (4) is fixed in the locking position (5), and wherein the fixing wedge (7) has a second section (7b) which engages in the recess (8) of the locking hook (4) but does not prevent a pivoting movement of the locking hook (4) from the locking position (5) into the unlocking position (6).

5. Horizontal beam (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at a second end (1b) of the horizontal support (1) a locking hook (4) or a fixed hook is formed for fixing to a further ceiling support (3).

6. Horizontal beam (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at least one folding hook (10) for securing the formwork panel (2) is formed on at least one first longitudinal side (1c) of the horizontal support (1).

7. Horizontal beam (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that on a second longitudinal side (1d) of the horizontal support (1) at least one folding hook (10) and / or one immovable support hook (11) is formed for securing a further formwork panel (2).

8. Device for at least partially forming a concrete ceiling, comprising at least one horizontal beam (1), a first ceiling support (3, 12) and a second ceiling support (3, 13), wherein the horizontal beam (1) can be fixed in a horizontal orientation between the ceiling supports (3, 12, 13), characterized in thaton at least one first end (1a) of the horizontal support (1) a latching hook (4) movable between a locking position (5) and an unlocking position (6) is formed for fixing to the first ceiling support (3, 12).

9. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the ceiling supports (3, 12, 13) each have a support leg (14) and a support head (15) at the upper end of the support leg (14), wherein the support head (15) has at least one support receptacle (16) and a lowering wedge (17) and the support receptacle (16) can be lowered for disassembly by actuating the lowering wedge (17), and wherein the locking hook (4) can be hooked onto the support receptacle (16) of the first ceiling support (3, 12).

10. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that the support receptacle (16) of the second ceiling support (3,13) provides a pivot axis (18) about which the horizontal support (1) can be pivoted.

11. A method for at least partially forming formwork for a concrete ceiling using at least one first ceiling prop (3, 12), a second ceiling prop (3, 13), at least two horizontal beams (1) and at least one formwork panel (2), comprising at least the following steps: (a) erecting at least the first ceiling prop (3, 12) and the second ceiling prop (3, 13), each of which has a support leg (14) and a support head (15) at the upper end of the support leg (14), the support heads (15) each having at least one support receptacle (16) and a lowering wedge (17); (b) suspending an immovable hook formed on a second end (1b) of one of the horizontal beams (1) or a locking hook (4) on the beam receptacle (16) of the second ceiling support (3, 13) such that in both variants the second end (1b) of the horizontal beam (1) and the second ceiling support (3, 13) form a pivot axis (18);(c) pivoting upwards a first end (1a) of the horizontal support (1); (d) moving a locking hook (4) formed on the first end (1a) of the horizontal support (1) into a locking position (5), fixing the locking hook (4) in the locking position (5) with a fixing member, preferably a fixing wedge (7), and suspending the locking hook (4) on the support receptacle (16) of the first ceiling support (3, 12); 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein steps (a) to (d) are repeated iteratively until a total of at least four floor supports (3, 12, 13) are erected and at least one first horizontal beam (1, 19) and one second horizontal beam (1, 20) are suspended, wherein the floor supports (3, 12, 13) are each connected in pairs by one of the horizontal beams (1, 19, 20), and wherein the horizontal beams (1, 19, 20) each run in pairs parallel to one another at least approximately at a distance of one length of the formwork panel (2), and wherein the following additional step is then provided: (e) fixing the formwork panel (2) between each two of the horizontal beams (1, 19, 20) running parallel to one another.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein step (e) comprises the following sub-steps: (e1) placing a second side (2b) of the formwork panel (2) on at least one folding hook (10) on a longitudinal side of the second horizontal support (1, 20) facing the first horizontal support (1, 19), wherein the folding hook (10) is in a supporting position (21) in which the folding hook (10) forms an at least approximately horizontal support surface (22) for the formwork panel (2), or placing a second side (2b) of the formwork panel (2) on at least one immovable support hook (11) of the second horizontal support (1, 20), such that in both variants the second horizontal support (1, 20) and the formwork panel (2) form a rotation axis (23); (e2) pivoting up a first side (2a) of the formwork panel (2);(e3) guiding the first side (2a) of the formwork panel (2) from bottom to top along at least one folding hook (10) on a first longitudinal side (1c) of the first horizontal support (1, 19), which runs parallel to the second horizontal support (1, 20) at least approximately at a distance equal to the length of the formwork panel (2), wherein the folding hook (10) is brought into a formwork position (24) by pivoting the formwork panel (2) upwards, in which a projection of the folding hook (10) beyond the first longitudinal side (1c) is less than in the supporting position (21); (e4) placing the first side (2a) on the folding hook (10) of the first horizontal support (1, 19), wherein the folding hook (10) is designed such that the folding hook (10) passes, preferably independently, into the carrying position (21) after the first side (2a) of the formwork panel (2) has been guided past the folding hook (10), and wherein the formwork panel (2) assumes a horizontal orientation; 14. A method for at least partially removing the formwork from a concrete ceiling which has previously been formed using at least one first ceiling prop (3, 12), one second ceiling prop (3, 13), at least two horizontal beams (1), preferably a first horizontal beam (1, 19) and a second horizontal beam (1, 20), and at least one formwork panel (2), in particular by means of a method according to claim 11, 12 or 13, comprising at least the following steps: (f) lowering the horizontal beams (1, 19, 20), preferably by actuating lowering wedges (17) on the ceiling props (3, 12, 13); (g) dismantling the at least one formwork panel (2) resting on the horizontal beams (1, 19, 20); (h) if necessary, supporting at least a first end (1a) of one of the horizontal beams (1, 19, 20); (i) Release of a fixing member, preferably release of a fixing wedge (7), which orwhich fixes a locking hook (4) at a first end (1a) of the horizontal support (1, 19, 20) in a locking position (5), in which the locking hook (4) is hooked onto a support receptacle (16) of the first ceiling support (12), moving the locking hook (4) from the locking position (5) into an unlocking position (6) and unhooking the first end (1a) of the horizontal support (1) from the support receptacle (16) of the first ceiling support (3, 12); (k) pivoting the first end (1a) of the horizontal support (1, 19, 20) downward about a pivot axis (18) at a second end (1b) of the horizontal support (1, 19, 20), wherein the second end (1b) of the horizontal support (1, 19, 20) continues to be supported by the second ceiling support (3, 13); (m) removing the second end (1b) of the horizontal beam (1,19,20) from the second ceiling support (3,13); (n) if necessary, dismantling ceiling supports (3,12,13) ​​which no longer support horizontal beams (1,19,20).

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein step (g) comprises the following sub-steps: (g1) optionally supporting at least a first side (2a) of the formwork panel (2); (g2) folding in at least one folding hook (10) on a first longitudinal side (1c) of the first horizontal support (1, 19) on which the formwork panel (2) rests with a first side (2a), preferably into a stripping position with a reduced projection of the folding hook (10) beyond the first longitudinal side (1c), wherein the folding hook (10) is preferably designed such that the folding hook (10) remains in the stripping position without external influence; (g3) pivoting down the first side (2a) of the formwork panel (2), wherein a second side (2b) of the formwork panel (2) continues to rest on at least one folding hook (10) and / or an immovable support hook (11) of the second horizontal support (1, 20); (g4) Removing the second side (2b) of the formwork panel (2) from the second horizontal beam (1,20).

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