Thermal system for an electric vehicle
Patent Information
- Application Number
- EP2023817407
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2022-12-20
- Filing Date
- 2023-12-01
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-29
AI Technical Summary
Existing heating systems for electric vehicles lack efficient temperature management for high-voltage storage devices and drive trains, leading to suboptimal heating and cooling performance.
A heating system with multiple switching states that allows the second coolant circuit to connect to both the heat source and chiller in parallel, enabling coolant flow for efficient heating and cooling of the high-voltage storage device, and integrating a third coolant circuit for additional interior radiators to manage temperature within the vehicle.
This design allows for precise temperature control of the high-voltage storage device and drive train, ensuring that the coolant temperature matches the storage device, thereby preventing heat absorption or emission, and provides flexible configurations for heating and cooling the vehicle interior.
Smart Images
Figure 1.1
Abstract
Description
[0001] Heating system for an electric vehicle
[0002] Description
[0003] The present invention relates to a heating system for an electric vehicle of the type mentioned in the preamble of claim 1.
[0004] Such heating systems are already known from the prior art in numerous design variants and comprise a refrigerant circuit, a first coolant circuit, to which at least one heat source of the electric vehicle and, upstream of the heat source, an ambient cooler of the electric vehicle are connected for heat transfer with a free environment, a second coolant circuit, to which a high-voltage storage device for supplying an electric drive train of the electric vehicle and a chiller are connected for heat transfer, wherein the chiller is also connected for heat transfer to the coolant circuit for heat transfer from the second coolant circuit to the refrigerant circuit, and wherein a first switching state of the heating system can be set, in which the second coolant circuit is connected to the first coolant circuit downstream and upstream of the heat source,so that the high-voltage storage device and the heat source for heating the high-voltage storage device can be flowed through in series by means of the heat source.
[0005] This is where the present invention comes in.
[0006] The present invention is based on the object of improving a heating system for an electric vehicle.
[0007] This object is achieved by a heating system having the features of claim 1, which is characterized in that, in addition to the first switching state of the heating system, a second switching state of the heating system can be set, in which second switching state the second coolant circuit downstream of the high-voltage storage device is connected to both the heat source and the chiller, wherein coolant can flow through the heat source and the chiller when connected in parallel. The term "electric vehicle" is to be interpreted generally here and encompasses any type of electric vehicle, thus also hybrid vehicles with, on the one hand, an electric motor and, on the other hand, an internal combustion engine. The subclaims relate to advantageous developments of the invention.
[0008] A significant advantage of the heating system according to the invention lies in the fact that it improves the heating system for an electric vehicle. Due to the inventive design of the heating system for an electric vehicle, for example, the heat extracted from the coolant system by the chiller can be at least partially compensated by the heat source, so that the high-voltage storage device is either cooled or heated by the coolant flowing in from the heat source and the chiller. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the heat output of the heat source and the heat extraction of the chiller are coordinated such that the coolant flowing into the high-voltage storage device has the same temperature as the high-voltage storage device, and the high-voltage storage device therefore neither absorbs nor emits heat.
[0009] In principle, the heating system according to the invention for an electric vehicle can be freely selected within wide, suitable limits in terms of type, mode of operation, material and dimensions.
[0010] An advantageous development of the heating system according to the invention provides that the heat source is designed as a component of the drive train of the electric vehicle. In this way, the drive train—that is, an electric motor powered by the high-voltage battery for driving the electric vehicle and a power electronics system corresponding to the electric motor—can be cooled to the required extent by means of the heating system according to the invention, on the one hand, and can also be used as a heat source for heating other components of the heating system according to the invention.A further advantageous development of the heating system according to the invention provides that a first interior radiator is additionally connected to the first coolant circuit for heat transfer to an interior of the electric vehicle. Preferably, the first interior radiator is selectively connectable to a remainder of the first coolant circuit or detachable from this remainder. Particularly preferably, a condenser of the coolant circuit is arranged upstream of the first interior radiator for heat transfer. This also enables direct heating and / or cooling of the interior of the electric vehicle, i.e., a driver's cab of the electric vehicle, by means of the coolant circuits, i.e., the coolant system.The preferred embodiment of this further development of the heating system according to the invention has the further advantage that the refrigerant circuit of the heating system according to the invention is connected to the coolant circuits in a heat-transfer manner by means of the condenser in addition to the chiller.
[0011] Another advantageous development of the heating system according to the invention provides that, in addition to the first and second coolant circuits, the heating system has a third coolant circuit, to which, in addition to the chiller and the ambient cooler, a second interior radiator is connected for heat transfer between the third coolant circuit and the interior of the electric vehicle. Preferably, the second interior radiator can be selectively connected to a remainder of the third coolant circuit or separated from this remainder. This provides a further possibility for direct heat transfer between the coolant circuits and the interior of the electric vehicle.
[0012] An advantageous development of the heating system according to the invention, as defined in claim 4, provides that the heating system is configured such that a third switching state of the heating system can be set. In the third switching state, coolant can flow separately through, first, the second coolant circuit with the high-voltage storage device and the chiller, second, the third coolant circuit with the chiller and the second interior radiator, and third, the first coolant circuit with the ambient cooler and the drive train. This allows the cold coolant from the chiller to cool the interior and the high-voltage storage device, i.e., a vehicle battery.While the first coolant circuit, with the ambient cooler, for example, a front radiator, and the drivetrain—i.e., the heat sources—allows coolant to flow through, the first interior radiator is isolated from heat transfer, for example, by means of air flaps, so that the heat from the refrigerant system, which was previously extracted from the coolant in the chiller, can be released to the outside environment via the ambient cooler. Furthermore, the cooled coolant from the ambient cooler cools the drivetrain.
[0013] An advantageous development of the heating system according to the invention according to one of claims 2 to 5 provides that the heating system is designed such that a fourth switching state of the heating system can be set, wherein in the fourth switching state, on the one hand, the second coolant circuit with the high-voltage storage device and the chiller and, on the other hand, the first coolant circuit with the ambient cooler and the drive train can be flowed through separately with coolant. In this way, the cold coolant from the chiller can cool the high-voltage storage device. The first interior radiator is in turn insulated from heat transfer, so that the heat from the coolant system, which was previously extracted from the coolant in the chiller, can be released to the environment by means of the ambient cooler. In addition, the cooled coolant from the ambient cooler cools the drive train.
[0014] An advantageous development of the heating system according to the invention according to one of claims 4 to 6 provides that the heating system is designed such that a fifth switching state of the heating system can be set, wherein in the fifth switching state, on the one hand, the third coolant circuit with the chiller and the second interior radiator and, on the other hand, the first coolant circuit with the ambient cooler and the drive train can be flowed through separately with coolant. As a result, the interior is cooled by means of the cold coolant from the chiller. In turn, the first interior radiator is insulated from heat transfer, so that the heat from the coolant system, which was previously extracted from the coolant in the chiller, can be released to the outside environment by means of the ambient cooler. In addition, the cooled coolant from the ambient cooler cools the drive train.
[0015] An advantageous development of the heating system according to the invention according to one of claims 2 to 7 provides that the heating system is designed such that a sixth switching state of the heating system can be set, wherein in the sixth switching state, only the first coolant circuit with the ambient cooler and the drive train can be flowed through with coolant. In this way, only the ambient cooler and the drive train are flowed through with coolant, while the first interior radiator, for example with the aforementioned air flap, is in turn insulated from heat transfer, so that the heat from the drive train can be dissipated to the outside environment by means of the ambient cooler.
[0016] An advantageous development of the heating system according to the invention according to one of claims 4 to 8 provides that the heating system is designed such that a seventh switching state of the heating system can be set. In the seventh switching state, coolant can flow through the third coolant circuit with the chiller and the second interior radiator, and coolant can flow through the first coolant circuit with the ambient cooler and the drive train, and the second coolant circuit with the high-voltage storage device. This allows the cold coolant of the chiller to cool the interior.While the first and second coolant circuits are connected to each other by coolant flow, the first interior radiator is insulated from heat transfer, allowing the heat from the refrigerant system, which was previously extracted from the coolant in the chiller, to be dissipated into the environment via the ambient cooler. Furthermore, the cooled coolant from the ambient cooler cools the drivetrain. Furthermore, the high-voltage storage unit can absorb heat from the drivetrain. For this purpose, the cooling capacity of the ambient cooler can be reduced by suitable measures, such as closable air flaps in the front of the electric vehicle, thus improving the heat absorption of the second coolant circuit.
[0017] An advantageous development of the heating system according to the invention according to one of claims 2 to 9 provides that the heating system is designed such that an eighth switching state of the heating system can be set, wherein in the eighth switching state, on the one hand, the first coolant circuit with the ambient cooler and the drive train and, on the other hand, the second coolant circuit having the high-voltage storage device are connected to one another in a coolant-conducting manner by means of the drive train and coolant can flow through them together. In this way, the first and second coolant circuits form a common coolant circuit, wherein the first interior radiator is in turn insulated from heat transfer so that the heat from the drive train can be dissipated to the environment by means of the ambient cooler. Since the second coolant circuit is also connected to the drive train, the high-voltage storage device can absorb heat from it.For this purpose, the cooling capacity of the ambient cooler can be reduced by suitable measures, such as closable air flaps in the front of the electric vehicle, so that the heat absorption of the second coolant circuit is improved.
[0018] An advantageous development of the heating system according to the invention according to one of claims 4 to 10 provides that the heating system is designed such that a ninth switching state of the heating system can be set, wherein in the ninth switching state, firstly, the third coolant circuit with the second interior radiator, the ambient cooler, and the chiller, and secondly, the second coolant circuit with the high-voltage storage device and the drive train can be separately flowed through with coolant, and thirdly, the first interior radiator can be separately flowed through with coolant. As a result, on the one hand, the air for the interior can be cooled for the purpose of drying the air from the environment, and on the other hand, the coolant in the ambient cooler can be warmed up by the ambient air from the outside.In the first coolant circuit, the heat extracted from the ambient air is then transferred to the interior via the first interior radiator to heat the vehicle's interior. Since the high-voltage battery is also connected to the powertrain here, the high-voltage battery is in turn heated by the powertrain.
[0019] An advantageous development of the heating system according to the invention according to one of claims 3 to 11 provides that the heating system is designed such that a tenth switching state of the heating system can be set, wherein in the tenth switching state, firstly, the third coolant circuit with the chiller and the ambient cooler and secondly, the second coolant circuit with the high-voltage storage device and the drive train can be separately flowed through with coolant, and thirdly, the first interior radiator can be separately flowed through with coolant. In this way, the coolant in the ambient cooler can be warmed up by the ambient air. In the first coolant circuit, the heat that has been extracted from the ambient air is then transferred to the interior via the first interior radiator for the purpose of heating the interior. The high-voltage storage device, which is connected to the drive train in a coolant-conducting manner, is in turn heated by the high-voltage storage device.
[0020] An advantageous development of the heating system according to the invention according to one of claims 4 to 12 provides that an eleventh switching state of the heating system can be set, wherein in the eleventh switching state, firstly, the third coolant circuit with the chiller and the second interior radiator and secondly, the second coolant circuit with the high-voltage storage unit and the drive train can be separately flowed through with coolant, and thirdly, the first interior radiator can be separately flowed through with coolant. As a result, the air from the environment for the interior can first be cooled for the purpose of drying the air. In the first coolant circuit, the heat that has been extracted from the air from the environment is then transferred to the interior via the first interior radiator for the purpose of heating. The high-voltage storage unit, which is connected to the drive train in a coolant-conducting manner, is in turn heated by the first interior radiator.An advantageous development of the heating system according to the invention according to one of claims 4 to 13 provides that the heating system is designed such that a twelfth switching state of the heating system can be set, wherein in the twelfth switching state, firstly, the third coolant circuit with the chiller, the second interior radiator and the ambient cooler and secondly, the second coolant circuit having the high-voltage storage device with both the chiller and the drive train can be separately flowed through with coolant, and wherein thirdly, the first interior radiator can be separately flowed through with coolant, preferably that upstream of the high-voltage storage device on the second coolant circuit a heater of the electric vehicle for heating the coolant is connected.In this way, the ambient air for the interior can be cooled first to dry the air, and the coolant in the ambient cooler can be warmed by the ambient air. Since the second coolant circuit is connected to both the chiller and the powertrain, the waste heat from the powertrain can be mixed with the cold coolant from the chiller upstream of the high-voltage storage system. The mixing ratio between coolant from the powertrain and from the chiller can be selected based on the temperature requirements of the high-voltage storage system, so that the inlet temperature of the coolant flowing into the high-voltage storage system either heats it, cools it, or has the same temperature as the high-voltage storage system itself.Furthermore, a heater, such as an electric auxiliary heater, can provide additional heat to the coolant, allowing particularly cold coolant to be warmed up accordingly, for example, when the chiller is operating at very high cooling capacity. In the first coolant circuit, the heat extracted from the ambient air and the drivetrain, and possibly from the high-voltage battery and possibly from the aforementioned heater, is then transferred to the interior via the first interior radiator to heat it.
[0021] An advantageous development of the heating system according to the invention according to one of claims 3 to 14 provides that the heating system is designed such that a thirteenth switching state of the heating system can be set, wherein in the thirteenth switching state, firstly, the third coolant circuit with the chiller and the ambient cooler and secondly, the second coolant circuit having the high-voltage storage device, both with the chiller and with the drive train, can be separately flowed through with coolant, and thirdly, the first interior radiator can be separately flowed through with coolant, preferably that upstream of the high-voltage storage device, a heater of the electric vehicle for heating the coolant is connected to the second coolant circuit. As a result, the coolant in the ambient cooler can be warmed up by the ambient air.Since the second coolant circuit is connected to both the chiller and the powertrain, waste heat from the powertrain can be mixed with the cold coolant from the chiller upstream of the high-voltage storage unit. The mixing ratio between coolant from the powertrain and from the chiller can be selected based on the temperature requirements of the high-voltage storage unit, so that the inlet temperature of the coolant flowing into the high-voltage storage unit either heats it, cools it, or has the same temperature as the high-voltage storage unit itself. Furthermore, the aforementioned heater can transfer additional heat to the coolant, so that particularly cold coolant, namely when the chiller is operating at very high cooling capacity, can be warmed up accordingly.In the first coolant circuit, the heat which has been extracted from the air from the environment and the drive train and, if applicable, the high-voltage storage unit and, if applicable, the heater, is then transferred to the interior via the first interior radiator to heat it.
[0022] An advantageous development of the heating system according to the invention according to one of claims 4 to 15 provides that the heating system is designed such that a fourteenth switching state of the heating system can be set, wherein in the fourteenth switching state, firstly, the third coolant circuit with the chiller and the second interior radiator and secondly, the second coolant circuit having the high-voltage storage device, both with the chiller and with the drive train, can be separately flowed through with coolant, and wherein thirdly, the first interior radiator can be separately flowed through with coolant, preferably that upstream of the high-voltage storage device, a heater of the electric vehicle for heating the coolant is connected to the second coolant circuit. In this way, the air from the environment for the interior can be cooled firstly.Since the second coolant circuit is connected to both the chiller and the powertrain, waste heat from the powertrain can be mixed with the cold coolant from the chiller upstream of the high-voltage storage unit. The mixing ratio between coolant from the powertrain and from the chiller can be selected based on the temperature requirements of the high-voltage storage unit, so that the inlet temperature of the coolant flowing into the high-voltage storage unit either heats it, cools it, or has the same temperature as the high-voltage storage unit itself. If necessary, the aforementioned heater can transfer additional heat to the coolant so that particularly cold coolant, particularly when the chiller is operating at very high cooling capacity, can be warmed up accordingly.In the first coolant circuit, the heat which has been extracted from the air from the environment and the drive train and, if applicable, the high-voltage storage device and, if applicable, the aforementioned heater, is then transferred to the interior via the first interior radiator to heat it.
[0023] The invention is explained in more detail below using the attached, roughly schematic drawing. It shows:
[0024] Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a heating system according to the invention in a process diagram, with the heating system in the first switching state,
[0025] Fig. 2 shows the embodiment according to Fig. 1, with the heating system in the second switching state,
[0026] Fig. 3 the embodiment according to Fig. 1 , with the heating system in the third switching state,
[0027] Fig. 4 shows the embodiment according to Fig. 1 , with the heating system in the fourth switching state, Fig. 5 shows the embodiment according to Fig. 1 , with the heating system in the fifth switching state,
[0028] Fig. 6 the embodiment according to Fig. 1 , with the heating system in the sixth switching state,
[0029] Fig. 7 the embodiment according to Fig. 1 , with the heating system in the seventh switching state,
[0030] Fig. 8 the embodiment according to Fig. 1 , with the heating system in the eighth switching state,
[0031] Fig. 9 the embodiment according to Fig. 1 , with the heating system in the ninth switching state,
[0032] Fig. 10 the embodiment according to Fig. 1 , with the heating system in the tenth switching state,
[0033] Fig. 11 the embodiment according to Fig. 1 , with the heating system in the eleventh switching state,
[0034] Fig. 12 the embodiment according to Fig. 1 , with the heating system in the twelfth switching state,
[0035] Fig. 13 the embodiment according to Fig. 1 , with the heating system in the thirteenth switching state and
[0036] Fig. 14 shows the embodiment according to Fig. 1, with the heating system in the fourteenth switching state.
[0037] In Figs. 1 to 14, an embodiment of the heating system according to the invention is shown purely by way of example in a total of fourteen switching states.
[0038] The heating system 1 for an electric vehicle (not shown in detail) comprises a refrigerant circuit 3, a first coolant circuit 4, to which two heat sources 6, 8 of the electric vehicle and, upstream of the heat sources 6, 8, an ambient cooler 10 of the electric vehicle are connected for heat transfer with a free environment, a second coolant circuit 12, to which a high-voltage storage unit 14 for supplying an electric drive train 16 of the electric vehicle and a chiller 18 are connected for heat transfer, wherein the chiller 18 is also connected for heat transfer to the refrigerant circuit 3 for heat transfer from the second coolant circuit 12 to the refrigerant circuit 3, and wherein a first switching state of the heating system 1 is adjustable, in which the second coolant circuit 12 is connected to the first coolant circuit 4 downstream and upstream of the heat sources 6, 8,so that the high-voltage storage unit 14 and the heat sources 6, 8 for heating the high-voltage storage unit 14 can be flowed through in series by means of the heat sources 6, 8. The first switching state of the heating system 1 is shown in Fig. 1.
[0039] According to the invention, the heating system 1 is designed such that, in addition to the first switching state of the heating system 1, a second switching state of the heating system 1 can be set, in which the second coolant circuit 12 downstream of the high-voltage storage unit 14 is connected both to the heat sources 6, 8 and to the chiller 18, wherein the heat sources 6, 8 and the chiller 18 are connected in parallel and can be flowed through by coolant. See Fig. 2, which shows the second switching state of the heating system 1.
[0040] The heat sources 6, 8 are each designed as a component of the drive train 16, namely as an electric motor 8 supplied with energy by the high-voltage storage unit 14 for driving the electric vehicle and a power electronics unit 6 corresponding to the electric motor 8.
[0041] A first interior radiator 20 is additionally connected to the first coolant circuit 4 for heat transfer to a not-shown interior of the electric vehicle. The first interior radiator 20 can be selectively connected to a remainder of the first coolant circuit 4 or separated from this remainder. A condenser 22 of the refrigerant circuit 3 is arranged upstream of the first interior radiator 20 for heat transfer. Furthermore, the heating system 1 has, in addition to the first and second coolant circuits 4, 12, a third coolant circuit 24, to which, in addition to the chiller 18 and the ambient cooler 10, a second interior radiator 26 is connected for heat transfer between the third coolant circuit 24 and the interior of the electric vehicle. The second interior radiator 26 can be selectively connected to a remainder of the third coolant circuit 24 or separated from this remainder.
[0042] In addition to the first and second switching states of the heating system 1 already mentioned above, a further twelve switching states of the heating system 1 can be realized by means of a multi-way valve 28 of the heating system 1. The individual switching states have already been described in detail in the introduction to the description, so that only a brief description of the other switching states of the heating system 1 is given below with reference to Figs. 3 to 14. The coolant circuits and coolant lines of the connected components of the heating system 1 through which coolant flows in the individual switching states of the heating system 1 are each designated by thick, solid lines, while coolant circuits and coolant lines through which no flow is symbolized by thin, solid lines. The refrigerant circuit 3 is shown in Figs. 1 to 14 with dashed lines. The respective flow direction is symbolized by an arrow.
[0043] Fig. 3 shows the third switching state of the heating system 1, wherein in the third switching state, firstly the second coolant circuit 12 with the high-voltage storage unit 14 and the chiller 18, secondly the third coolant circuit 24 with the chiller 18 and the second interior radiator 26 and thirdly the first coolant circuit 4 with the ambient cooler 10 and the drive train 16 can be flowed through with coolant separately from one another.
[0044] Fig. 4 shows the fourth switching state of the heating system 1, wherein in the fourth switching state, on the one hand, the second coolant circuit 12 with the high-voltage storage unit 14 and the chiller 18 and, on the other hand, the first coolant circuit 4 with the ambient cooler 10 and the drive train 16 can be flowed through separately with coolant.
[0045] Fig. 5 shows the fifth switching state of the heating system 1, wherein in the fifth switching state, on the one hand, the third coolant circuit 24 with the chiller 18 and the second interior radiator 26 and, on the other hand, the first coolant circuit 4 with the ambient cooler 10 and the drive train 16 can be flowed through with coolant separately from one another.
[0046] Fig. 6 shows the sixth switching state of the heating system 1, wherein in the sixth switching state only the first coolant circuit 4 with the ambient cooler 10 and the drive train 16 can be flowed through with coolant.
[0047] Fig. 7 shows the seventh switching state of the heating system 1, wherein in the seventh switching state, on the one hand, the third coolant circuit 24 with the chiller 18 and the second interior radiator 26 can be flowed through with coolant and, on the other hand, the first coolant circuit 4 with the ambient cooler 10 and the drive train 16 and the second coolant circuit 12 having the high-voltage storage device 14 can be flowed through with coolant together.
[0048] Fig. 8 shows the eighth switching state of the heating system 1, wherein in the eighth switching state, on the one hand the first coolant circuit 4 with the ambient cooler 10 and the drive train 16 and, on the other hand, the second coolant circuit 12 having the high-voltage storage device 14 are connected to one another in a coolant-conducting manner by means of the drive train 16 and can be flowed through together with coolant.
[0049] Fig. 9 shows the ninth switching state of the heating system 1, wherein in the ninth switching state, firstly, the third coolant circuit 24 with the second interior radiator 26, the ambient cooler 10 and the chiller 18 and secondly, the second coolant circuit 12 with the high-voltage storage device 14 and the drive train 16 can be flowed through separately with coolant, and thirdly, the first interior radiator 20 can be flowed through separately with coolant. Fig. 10 shows the tenth switching state of the heating system 1, wherein in the tenth switching state, firstly, the third coolant circuit 24 with the chiller 18 and the ambient cooler 10 and secondly, the second coolant circuit 12 with the high-voltage storage device 14 and the drive train 16 can be flowed through separately with coolant, and thirdly, the first interior radiator 20 can be flowed through separately with coolant.
[0050] Fig. 11 shows the eleventh switching state of the heating system 1, wherein in the eleventh switching state, firstly, the third coolant circuit 24 with the chiller 18 and the second interior radiator 26 and secondly, the second coolant circuit 12 having the high-voltage storage device 14 with the drive train 16 can be separately flowed through with coolant, and thirdly, the first interior radiator 20 can be separately flowed through with coolant.
[0051] Fig. 12 shows the twelfth switching state of the heating system 1, wherein in the twelfth switching state, firstly, the third coolant circuit 24 with the chiller 18, the second interior radiator 26 and the ambient cooler 10 and secondly, the second coolant circuit 12 having the high-voltage storage device 14, both with the chiller 18 and with the drive train 16, can be separately flowed through with coolant, and thirdly, the first interior radiator 20 can be separately flowed through with coolant, wherein upstream of the high-voltage storage device 14, a heater 30 of the heating system 1, namely an electric auxiliary heater, is connected to the second coolant circuit 12 for heating the coolant.
[0052] Fig. 13 shows the thirteenth switching state of the heating system 1, wherein in the thirteenth switching state, firstly, the third coolant circuit 24 with the chiller 18 and the ambient cooler 10 and secondly, the second coolant circuit 12 having the high-voltage storage device 14 can be separately flowed through with coolant, and thirdly, the first interior radiator 20 can be separately flowed through with coolant. Fig. 14 shows the fourteenth switching state of the heating system 1, wherein in the fourteenth switching state, firstly, the third coolant circuit 24 with the chiller 18 and the second interior radiator 26 and secondly, the second coolant circuit 12 having the high-voltage storage device 14 can be separately flowed through with coolant, and thirdly, the first interior radiator 20 can be separately flowed through with coolant.
[0053] Due to the inventive design of the heating system 1 for an electric vehicle, the heat extracted from the coolant system by the chiller 18 can be at least partially compensated by the heat sources 6, 8, namely by the drive train 16, so that the high-voltage storage unit 14 is either cooled or heated by the coolant flowing in from the heat sources 6, 8 and the chiller 18. Furthermore, the heat output of the heat sources 6, 8 and the heat extraction of the chiller 18 can be coordinated such that the coolant flowing into the high-voltage storage unit 14 has the same temperature as the high-voltage storage unit 14, and the high-voltage storage unit 14 therefore neither absorbs nor emits heat.
[0054] The invention is not limited to the present embodiment. For example, reference is made here to the relevant statements in the introduction to the description and in the explanation of the specific embodiment. Accordingly, heating systems according to the invention are also conceivable in which more or fewer switching states can be realized than in the present embodiment. The same applies to the components of the heating system according to the invention. Nor is the invention limited to the structural and circuitry details of the specific embodiment. For example, a plurality of valves can be used instead of the multi-way valve to enable comparable functionality of the heating system according to the invention.
[0055] 1 heating system
[0056] 3 Refrigerant circuit
[0057] 4 First coolant circuit
[0058] 6 Heat source power electronics
[0059] 8 Heat source electric motor
[0060] 10 ambient coolers
[0061] 12 Second coolant circuit
[0062] 14 high-voltage storage units
[0063] 16 drivetrain, with power electronics 6 and electric motor 8
[0064] 18 chillers
[0065] 20 First interior radiator
[0066] 22 Condenser of refrigerant circuit 3
[0067] 24 Third coolant circuit
[0068] 26 Second interior radiator
[0069] 28 Multi-way valve
[0070] 30 Electric auxiliary heater
Claims
Heating system for an electric vehicle Patent claims 1. A heating system (1) for an electric vehicle, comprising a refrigerant circuit (3), a first coolant circuit (4), to which at least one heat source (6, 8) of the electric vehicle and, upstream of the heat source (6, 8), an ambient cooler (10) of the electric vehicle are connected for heat transfer with a free environment, a second coolant circuit (12), to which a high-voltage storage device (14) for supplying an electric drive train (16) of the electric vehicle and a chiller (18) are connected for heat transfer, wherein the chiller (18) is also connected for heat transfer to the coolant circuit (3) for heat transfer from the second coolant circuit (12) to the refrigerant circuit (3), and wherein a first switching state of the heating system (1) is adjustable, in which the second coolant circuit (12) is connected to the first coolant circuit (4) downstream and upstream of the heat source (6, 8).so that the high-voltage storage device (14) and the heat source (6, 8) for heating the high-voltage storage device (14) by means of the heat source (6, 8) can be flowed through in series by coolant, characterized in that in addition to the first switching state of the heating system (1), a second switching state of the heating system (1) can be set, in which the second coolant circuit (12) downstream of the high-voltage storage device (14) is connected both to the heat source (6, 8) and to the chiller (18), wherein the heat source (6, 8) and the chiller (18) are connected in parallel and can be flowed through by coolant.
2. Heating system (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that that the heat source (6, 8) is designed as a component of the drive train (16) of the electric vehicle.
3. Heating system (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a first interior radiator (20) for heat transfer is additionally connected to the first coolant circuit (4) in a heat-transferring manner with an interior of the electric vehicle, preferably that the first interior radiator (20) can be selectively connected to a remainder of the first coolant circuit (4) or separated from this remainder, particularly preferably that a condenser (22) of the coolant circuit (3) is arranged in a heat-transferring manner upstream of the first interior radiator (20).
4. Heating system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the heating system (1) has, in addition to the first and the second coolant circuit (4, 12), a third coolant circuit (24), to which, in addition to the chiller (18) and the ambient cooler (10), a second interior radiator (26) is connected for heat transfer between the third coolant circuit (24) and the interior of the electric vehicle, preferably that the second interior radiator (26) can be selectively connected to a remainder of the third coolant circuit (24) or separated from this remainder.
5. Heating system (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the heating system (1) is designed such that a third switching state of the heating system (1) can be set, wherein in the third switching state, firstly the second coolant circuit (12) with the high-voltage storage device (14) and the chiller (18), secondly the third Coolant circuit (24) with the chiller (18) and the second interior radiator (26) and thirdly the first coolant circuit (4) with the ambient cooler (10) and the drive train (16) can be flowed through separately with coolant.
6. Heating system (1) according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the heating system (1) is designed such that a fourth switching state of the heating system (1) can be set, wherein in the fourth switching state, on the one hand, the second coolant circuit (12) with the high-voltage storage device (14) and the chiller (18) and, on the other hand, the first coolant circuit (4) with the ambient cooler (10) and the drive train (16) can be flowed through separately with coolant.
7. Heating system (1) according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the heating system (1) is designed such that a fifth switching state of the heating system (1) can be set, wherein in the fifth switching state, on the one hand, the third coolant circuit (24) with the chiller (18) and the second interior radiator (26) and, on the other hand, the first coolant circuit (4) with the ambient cooler (10) and the drive train (16) can be flowed through with coolant separately from one another.
8. Heating system (1) according to one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the heating system (1) is designed such that a sixth switching state of the heating system (1) can be set, wherein in the sixth switching state only the first coolant circuit (4) with the ambient cooler (10) and the drive train (16) can be flowed through with coolant.
9. Heating system (1) according to one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the heating system (1) is designed such that a seventh switching state of the heating system (1) can be set, wherein in the seventh switching state, on the one hand, the third coolant circuit (24) with the chiller (18) and the second interior radiator (26) can be flowed through with coolant and, on the other hand, the first coolant circuit (4) with the ambient cooler (10) and the drive train (16) and the second coolant circuit (12) having the high-voltage storage device (14) can be flowed through together with coolant.
10. Heating system (1) according to one of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that the heating system (1) is designed such that an eighth switching state of the heating system (1) can be set, wherein in the eighth switching state, on the one hand the first coolant circuit (4) with the ambient cooler (10) and the drive train (16) and on the other hand the second coolant circuit (12) having the high-voltage storage device (14) are connected to one another in a coolant-conducting manner by means of the drive train (16) and can be flowed through together with coolant.
11. Heating system (1) according to one of claims 4 to 10, characterized in that the heating system (1) is designed such that a ninth switching state of the heating system (1) can be set, wherein in the ninth switching state, firstly, the third coolant circuit (24) with the second interior radiator (26), the ambient cooler (10) and the chiller (18) and secondly, the second coolant circuit (12) having the high-voltage storage device (14) with the drive train (16) can be flowed through separately with coolant, and thirdly, the first interior radiator (20) can be flowed through separately with coolant.
12. Heating system (1) according to one of claims 3 to 11, characterized in that the heating system (1) is designed such that a tenth switching state of the heating system (1) can be set, wherein in the tenth switching state, firstly, the third coolant circuit (24) with the chiller (18) and the ambient cooler (10) and secondly, the second coolant circuit (12) having the high-voltage storage device (14) with the drive train (16) can be flowed through separately with coolant, and wherein thirdly, the first interior radiator (20) can be flowed through separately with coolant.
13. Heating system (1) according to one of claims 4 to 12, characterized in that the heating system (1) is designed such that an eleventh switching state of the heating system (1) can be set, wherein in the eleventh switching state, firstly, the third coolant circuit (24) with the chiller (18) and the second interior radiator (26) and secondly the second coolant circuit (12) having the high-voltage storage device (14) with the drive train (16) can be flowed through separately with coolant, and wherein thirdly, the first interior radiator (20) can be flowed through separately with coolant.
14. Heating system (1) according to one of claims 4 to 13, characterized in that the heating system (1) is designed such that a twelfth switching state of the heating system (1) can be set, wherein in the twelfth switching state, firstly, the third coolant circuit (24) with the chiller (18), the second interior radiator (26) and the ambient cooler (10) and secondly, the second coolant circuit (12) having the high-voltage storage device (14) can be separately flowed through with coolant, and wherein thirdly, the first interior radiator (20) can be separately flowed through with coolant, preferably that upstream of the high-voltage accumulator (14) on the second coolant circuit (12) a heater (30) of the heating system (1) for heating the coolant is connected.
15. Heating system (1) according to one of claims 3 to 14, characterized in that the heating system (1) is designed such that a thirteenth switching state of the heating system (1) can be set, wherein in the thirteenth switching state, firstly, the third coolant circuit (24) with the chiller (18) and the ambient cooler (10) and secondly, the second coolant circuit (12) having the high-voltage storage device (14) can be separately flowed through with coolant, and thirdly, the first interior radiator (20) can be separately flowed through with coolant, preferably that upstream of the high-voltage storage device (14) on the second coolant circuit (12) a heater (30) of the heating system (1) for heating the coolant is connected.
16. Heating system (1) according to one of claims 4 to 15, characterized in that the heating system (1) is designed such that a fourteenth switching state of the heating system (1) can be set, wherein in the fourteenth switching state, firstly, the third coolant circuit (24) with the chiller (18) and the second interior radiator (26) and secondly, the second coolant circuit (12) having the high-voltage accumulator (14) can be separately flowed through with coolant, and wherein thirdly, the first interior radiator (20) can be separately flowed through with coolant, preferably upstream of the high-voltage accumulator (14) at the second A heater (30) of the heating system (1) is connected to the coolant circuit (12) for heating the coolant.