Process of separating acidic sophorolipid from a lactonic / acidic sophorolipid-containing product
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- BASF SE
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-04
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-10
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Figure PCTCN2024070600-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2024070600-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2024070600-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
Process of Separating Acidic Sophorolipid from a Lactonic / Acidic Sophorolipid-Containing ProductField of the invention
[0001] The present invention relates to a process of separating an acidic sophorolipid, or a lactonic sophorolipid, especially an acidic sophorolipid enriched with acetylated acidic sophorolipid from a lactonic / acidic sophorolipid-containing product and the acidic sophorolipid, especially the acidic sophorolipid enriched with acetylated acidic sophorolipid obtained by said process.Background of the invention
[0002] Sophorolipid is one of the important biosurfactants obtained from fermentation by yeast. During the fermentation process, various by-products, e.g., fatty acids, salts, pigments, etc., are simultaneously produced. Thus, the final product is usually with deep color and odor. To expand its application fields to drugs, food and cosmetics, certain downstream process is needed to purify or partially purify target sophorolipid species.
[0003] Normally, crude sophorolipid product of fermentation is a mixture of acid and lactone types of sophorolipid (i.e., acidic sophorolipid and lactonic sophorolipid respectively) . Both types of structures are usually with certain degree of acetylation of OH groups on sugar head. It is reported that acetyl groups on sophorolipid are critical to some biological functions, e.g., improved antivirus activity and stimulation of cytokine. The acetyl groups will also afford more lipophilic property that may bring better skin delivery or active encapsulation properties.
[0004] However, the acetyl groups on sophorolipid are very likely to be hydrolyzed in current downstream purification process. Especially for the acid type of sophorolipid, loss of acetyl will be faster since the molecule is more hydrophilic than its lactone counterpart. Therefore, it is still a challenging task to obtain a purified acetylated acidic sophorolipid from the crude sophorolipid product of fermentation.
[0005] CN109678914A discloses a process to purify and separate different structures of sophorolipid. The process starts from a pretreated fermented liquid, which is subjected to filtration, treating through cation exchange resin, anionic exchange resin and adsorption resin, desalting and membrane ultrafiltration. The process uses different types of resin, including cationic exchange resin. Such resin will provide a weak to strong basic environment that cause hydrolysis of the acetyl groups on sophorolipid as well as of lactone type of sophorolipid during the separation.
[0006] JP2014140383A discloses a process to obtain a high purified acid form of sophorolipid, starting from a partially purified acid form and purified with reverse phase column chromatography. The starting material, “partially purified acid form of sophorolipid” , used in the present invention is prepared through hydrolysis of the acid / lactone mixed sophorolipid. This will break off acetyl groups on sophorolipid.
[0007] Conventional processes will only afford a fully hydrolyzed structure that will lose some of bioac-tivities. Direct microbial synthesis is possible but engineered strains must be used, which would limit acceptance in some application fields.
[0008] Thus, there remains a need to provide a novel process to obtain an acidic sophorolipid, espe-cially an acidic sophorolipid enriched with acetylated acidic sophorolipid from crude sophorolipid product of fermentation.Summary of the invention
[0009] An object of the present invention is to provide a process of separating an acidic sophorolipid, or a lactonic sophorolipid, especially an acidic sophorolipid enriched with acetylated acidic sophorolipid from a lactonic / acidic sophorolipid-containing product by chromatography, which comprises the steps of
[0010] 1) optionally eluting with an aqueous solution of a water-miscible organic solvent having a con-centration of 10 to lower than 40%by weight;
[0011] 2) optionally eluting with an aqueous solution of the water-miscible organic solvent having a concentration of 40 to lower than 60%by weight;
[0012] 3) eluting with an aqueous solution of the water-miscible organic solvent having a concentration of 50 to 70%by weight to collect an acidic sophorolipid, especially an acidic sophorolipid frac-tion enriched with acetylated acidic sophorolipid; and
[0013] 4) optionally eluting with an aqueous solution of the water-miscible organic solvent having a concentration of 55 to 85%by weight to collect a lactonic sophorolipid fraction.
[0014] Furthermore, another object of the present invention is to provide an acidic sophorolipid, espe-cially an acidic sophorolipid enriched with acetylated acidic sophorolipid obtained by said pro-cess.
[0015] The present inventors have conducted thorough research in order to solve the above-described problem, and, as a result, surprisingly found that by subjecting a crude sophorolipid from a fer-mentation process or a refined sophorolipid to chromatography purification, especially reverse phase chromatography purification, it becomes possible to obtain an acidic sophorolipid, espe-cially an acidic sophorolipid enriched with acetylated acidic sophorolipid.
[0016] Thus, the present invention relates to a process of separating an acidic sophorolipid, especially an acidic sophorolipid enriched with acetylated acidic sophorolipid from a lactonic / acidic sophorolipid-containing product by chromatography purification, especially reverse phase chro-matography purification.
[0017] Furthermore, the present invention also relates to an acidic sophorolipid, especially an acidic sophorolipid enriched with acetylated acidic sophorolipid obtained by said process.
[0018] The present invention gives an effective process to achieve both acidic and lactonic sophoro-lipid with acetyl groups well maintained. Meanwhile, it is possible to collect fraction of sophoro-lipid derivatives in one shot. The starting material can be a crude sophorolipid with only removal of solid impurities. The finished product is obtained without concern of odor and color but a white crystal if dried.Detailed description of the invention
[0019] It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is not intended to be limiting, since the scope of the present invention will be limited only by the appended claims.
[0020] As used herein, the expression “stationary phase” means beads of a porous polymeric material that readily absorb solvent and swell as a consequence.
[0021] As used herein, the expression “mobile phase” means the solvent that runs through a liquid chromatographic instrument.
[0022] As used herein, the expression “fraction” refers to individual components collected based on differences in a specific property in a separation process in which a certain quantity of a mixture (solid, liquid, solute or suspension) is divided up in a number of smaller quantities (fractions) .
[0023] As used herein, the expressions “loaded” , “load” , and the like, refer to injecting a specified vol-ume of a mixture into a column for the purpose of separating the one component from the other components of the mixture.
[0024] As used herein, the expression “column” refers to a column used in a chromatographic process.
[0025] As used herein, the expression “bed volume” means the volume of the chromatographic medi-um in a column.
[0026] As used herein, the expression “lactonic / acidic sophorolipid-containing product” refers to a product containing lactonic sophorolipid and acidic sophorolipid.
[0027] Furthermore, the ranges defined throughout the specification include the end values as well, for example, a range of 1 to 10 implies that both 1 and 10 are included in the range. For the avoid-ance of doubt, applicant shall be entitled to any equivalents according to applicable law.
[0028] In the following passages, different aspects of the present invention are defined in more detail. Each aspect so defined may be combined with any other aspect or aspects unless clearly indi-cated to the contrary. In particular, any feature indicated as being preferred or advantageous may be combined with any other feature or features indicated as being preferred or advanta-geous.
[0029] Reference throughout this specification to 'one embodiment' or 'an embodiment' means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, appearances of the phrases 'in one embodiment' or 'in an embodiment' in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, but may. Furthermore, the particular features, structures or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner, as would be apparent to a person skilled in the art from this disclosure, in one or more embodiments. Furthermore, while some embodiments described herein include some but not other features included in other em-bodiments, combinations of features of different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the present invention, and form different embodiments, as would be understood by those in the art. For example, in the appended claims, any of the claimed embodiments can be used in any combination
[0030] The present invention relates to a process of separating an acidic sophorolipid, or a lactonic sophorolipid, especially an acidic sophorolipid enriched with acetylated acidic sophorolipid from a lactonic / acidic sophorolipid-containing product by chromatography, which comprises the steps of
[0031] 1) optionally eluting with an aqueous solution of a water-miscible organic solvent having a con-centration of 10 to lower than 40%by weight;
[0032] 2) optionally eluting with an aqueous solution of the water-miscible organic solvent having a concentration of 40 to lower than 60%by weight;
[0033] 3) eluting with an aqueous solution of the water-miscible organic solvent having a concentration of 50 to 70%by weight to collect an acidic sophorolipid, especially an acidic sophorolipid frac-tion enriched with acetylated acidic sophorolipid; and
[0034] 4) optionally eluting with an aqueous solution of the water-miscible organic solvent having a concentration of 55 to 85%by weight to collect a lactonic sophorolipid fraction.
[0035] Sophorolipid
[0036] Sophorolipid (SL) is a glycolipid consisting of a hydroxyl fatty acid, and sophorose or a sophorose whose hydroxyl group is partially acetylated. It should be noted that sophorose is a sugar consisting of two glucose molecules bound through a β1→2 bond. A hydroxyl fatty acid is a fatty acid having a hydroxyl group. Furthermore, SL is classified largely into an acidic (General Formula (1) ) or a lactonic (General Formula (2) ) in which the carboxyl group of the hydroxy fatty acid is free or bound to the sophorose within the molecule, respectively. SL obtained from a certain species of yeast (SL-producing yeast) through fermentation is ordinarily a mixture of the SL shown in the following General Formula (1) and the SL shown in the following General For-mula (2) , and is obtained as a collection of 30 or more types of structural homologs having dif-ferent fatty acid chain lengths (R3) , and having an acetylation or protonation at the 6′-position (R2) and the 6"-position (R1) of the sophorose.
[0037] In General Formula (1) or (2) , R0 is either a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. R1 and R2 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an acetyl group. R3 is a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon chain or an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon chain having at least one double bond, and may have one or more substituent groups. The substituent group is not particularly limited as long as the advantageous effect of the present invention is not hindered, and examples thereof include halogen atoms, hydroxyl, lower (C1-6) alkyl groups, halo lower (C1-6) alkyl groups, hydroxy lower (C1-6) alkyl groups, halo lower (C1-6) alkoxy groups, and the like. Furthermore, R3 typically has 11 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 13 to 17 carbon atoms, and more preferably 14 to 16 carbon atoms.
[0038] By fermentation, SL is obtained by culturing a microorganism, for example by culturing yeast such as, for example, Starmerella (Candida) bombicola, C. apicola, C. petrophilum, Rhodotorula (Candia) bogoriensis, C. batistae, C. gropengiesseri, Wickerhamiella domercqiae, and Yarrowia lipolytica with a method known in the art. The yeast may be a strain provided from a deposit institution or a strain obtained from successive subculturing thereof. Commercial grade of BioToLife is preferred.
[0039] As an example of the method for culturing yeast to produce SL, a method of culturing by simul-taneously providing a high concentration of a sugar and a hydrophobic oily substrate is prefera-ble. The method is not limited thereto, and a wide range of other methods known in the art can be applied as long as the advantageous effect of the present invention is not hindered. The method known in the art may be a method as described in JP2002-045195A, etc. More specifi-cally, the method may be a technique of culturing Starmerella (Candida) bombicola as the pro-duction yeast using glucose as the sugar, and carbon sources including a fatty acid and vege-table oil as the hydrophobic oily substrate.
[0040] Since it is known that the fatty acid moiety of SL depends on the fatty acid chain length and proportion of the hydrophobic substrate, the fatty acid moiety can be controlled to a certain de-gree. For example, as the hydrophobic substrate, oleic acid or a lipid containing oleic acid in a high proportion is suitable. Examples thereof include vegetable oils such as palm oil, rice bran oil, rapeseed oil, olive oil, and safflower oil, and animal oils such lard and beef fat. Furthermore, when a mixed substrate of triglyceride and oleic acid is used as the hydrophobic substrate, it is possible to obtain a sophorolipid containing oleic acid in a high proportion with a high yield in terms of quantity and efficiency. From the standpoint of industrial use, the fermentative produc-tion of SL stably and with a high yield in terms of quantity and efficiency is demanded. In this case, a mixture of hydrophilic sugar and hydrophobic fat / oil is preferable as a carbon source. Glucose is frequently used as the hydrophilic substrate.
[0041] From the obtained liquid culture, for example, by separating and removing the liquid component by a hitherto known solid-liquid-separation method such as centrifugal separation and decanta-tion, and washing the solid content with water, an SL-containing fraction (also referred to as crude sophorolipid product) can be obtained. The SL-containing fraction is a mixture of the lac-tonic SL and the acidic SL, and is classified as a lactonic / acidic SL-containing product since its content proportion of the acidic SL in the total amount of SL is less than 45 %by weight (solid equivalent) .
[0042] According to the present invention, useful lactonic / acidic sophorolipid-containing product as the starting material for separating an acidic sophorolipid, especially an acidic sophorolipid enriched with acetylated acidic sophorolipid may for example comprise 20 to 40%by weight of acidic SL, including non-acetylated and acetylated. In the acidic SL, the acetylated acidic SL may for ex-ample account for 15 to 35%by weight.
[0043] Additionally, the lactonic / acidic sophorolipid-containing product as the starting material may for example comprise 60 to 80 %by weight of lactonic SL, including non-acetylated and acetylated.
[0044] Chromatography purification
[0045] According to the present invention, chromatography purification is used as a separation method, utilizing the amphiphilic structure of SL.
[0046] The chromatography used in the present invention is preferably partition chromatography, in particular, reverse phase chromatography.
[0047] Generally, the adsorbent as the stationary phase in the chromatography purification can be hydrophobic macroporous resins. The macroporous resin is a porous polymeric material having a non-foldable permanent pore structure in both a dry and a solvated state, and has a pore size distribution containing a significant portion of macropores (i.e., pores having a diameter higher than ) or silica gel modified with C8 to C18 alkanes. Macroporous resins can be prepared using porogens or phase extenders to create artificial porosity in a three-dimensional matrix. Once the polymerization is complete, the porogen is removed from the matrix leaving voids in the polymer structure. In one embodiment, the adsorbent comprises macroporous resins based on crosslinked styrenes, crosslinked poly (meth) acrylates, crosslinked polyacrylonitrile or C18 modified silica gel (ODS) (e.g., COSMOSIL 40C18-PREP, provided by Nacalai Tesque, Inc. ) , preferably styrenes crosslinked with divinylbenzene (DVB) , poly (meth) acrylates crosslinked with DVB, polyacrylonitrile crosslinked with DVB, more preferably macroporous resins based on polystyrene crosslinked with DVB, or poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) crosslinked with DVB, most preferably polystyrene crosslinked with DVB. The adsorbent used in the process of the present invention is preferably non-polar.
[0048] The shape of the adsorbent may be, for example, spherical or nonspherical beads, preferably substantially spherical beads. Such beads typically have a diameter of 40 to 1000 microns, preferably 100 to 850 microns, more preferably 250 to 400 microns, even more preferably 250 to 350 microns, most preferably 250 to 300 microns.
[0049] The adsorbent typically has a pore size of from 100 to 1000 nm, preferably 200 to 800 nm, more preferably 300 to 700 nm, most preferably 400 to 600 nm.
[0050] The eluent as the mobile phase in the the chromatography purification can be a mixture of water and water-miscible organic solvent.
[0051] In one embodiment, the water-miscible organic solvent includes C3-C4 ketones, such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, cyclic ethers, such as dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF) , C1-C4-alkanols, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol (iProH) , n-butanol, tert-butanol, polyols and their mono-and dimethyl ethers such as ethylene glycol, propanediol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, glycerol, furthermore C2-C3-nitriles such as acetonitrile and propionitrile, acetic acid, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, formamide, acetamide, dimethylacetamide, butyrolactone, 2-pyrrolidone and N-methylpyrrolidone, preferably C1-C2-alkanols, more preferably ethanol.
[0052] In one embodiment, the ratio of inner diameter to height of the loaded resin in the chromatography column is from 1: 3 to 1: 15, preferably from 1: 4 to 1: 12, more preferably 1: 5 to 1: 10.
[0053] In one embodiment, the loading of sophorolipid onto the resin, calculated by weight of sophorolipid (g) to volume of resin (ml) , is from 1: 80 to 1: 20, preferably from 1: 70 to 1: 30, more preferably from 1: 60 to 1: 35, most preferably from 1: 50 to 1: 40.
[0054] In one embodiment, from 1 to 15 bed volume (BV) , preferably from 3 to 12 BV, more preferably from 4 to 10 BV, most preferably from 5 to 8 BV of mobile phase is applied for equilibrium of resin.
[0055] In one embodiment, from 0.05 to 0.8 BV, preferably from 0.08 to 0.7 BV, more preferably from 0.1 to 0.6 BV, most preferably from 0.15 to 0.5 BV of mobile phase is used to dilute the lacton-ic / acidic sophorolipid-containing product to be separated (also referred to as “SL to be separat-ed” herein) and load it onto the resin.
[0056] In one embodiment, from 1 to 10 bed volume (BV) , preferably from 2 to 8 BV, more preferably from 2.5 to 6 BV, most preferably from 2.75 to 5 BV of mobile phase is applied for rinse of resin to effect separation in step 3) .
[0057] For example, when an aqueous alcohol solution, especially aqueous ethanol solution is used as the eluent, it is possible to apply the SL to be separated to the adsorbent (stationary phase) , elute and wash away impurities while having the acidic SL adsorbed on the adsorbent by pour-ing the eluent (aqueous ethanol solution) during which the ethanol concentration is intermittently or continuously increased in a range of 10 to lower than 60%by weight, and then collect an acidic SL fraction, especially an acidic SL fraction enriched with acetylated acidic SL by eluting with an aqueous alcohol solution as the eluent, especially aqueous ethanol solution, with a con-centration of 50 to 70%by weight.
[0058] A particular embodiment of the process includes the following process, wherein
[0059] (1) A column is equilibrated by supplying from the topmost part of the column (hereinafter, sepa-ration-column overhead) an aqueous alcohol solution having a concentration of 10 to 30%by weight (e.g., an aqueous ethanol solution with a concentration of 10 to 30%by weight) ;
[0060] (2) The SL to be separated is diluted and loaded from the separation-column overhead;
[0061] (3) An aqueous alcohol solution (e.g., aqueous ethanol solution) having a concentration of 10 to lower than 40%by weight as the eluent is poured from the separation-column overhead. With this process, salts and odorous components including mainly acetic acid can be eluted;
[0062] (4) The same eluent having a concentration of 40 to lower than 60%by weight is poured from the separation-column overhead. With this step, impurities such as pigments and odorous com-ponents including mainly acetic acid can be eluted;
[0063] (5) The same eluent having a concentration of 50 to 70%by weight, preferably 55 to 65%by weight, is poured from the separation-column overhead to elute an acidic SL fraction enriched with acetylated acidic SL; and
[0064] (6) Optionally, the same eluent having a concentration of 55 to 85%by weight, preferably 60 to 80%by weight is poured from the separation-column overhead to elute a lactonic SL fraction.
[0065] It should be noted that, in each of the steps of (1) , (3) , and (4) , the alcohol (e.g., ethanol) con-centration of the eluent may be chronologically increased within the above-described concentra-tion range (i.e., gradient elution method) , or may be maintained at the same concentration (stepwise elution method) . The latter stepwise elution method is preferable, and an illustrative method is, for example, as follows. To a column adsorbent equilibrated with an aqueous ethanol solution having an ethanol concentration of 10%by weight (step (1) ) , the SL is added (step (2) ) , a certain amount of an aqueous ethanol solution having an ethanol concentration of 10%by weight is poured (step (3) ) , a certain amount of an aqueous ethanol solution having an ethanol concentration of 50%by weight is poured (step (4) ) , and then an aqueous ethanol solution hav-ing an ethanol concentration of 70%by weight is poured to elute and collect the intended acidic SL fraction (step (5) ) . Furthermore, it is possible to omit step (3) described above, and, as step (4) , pouring of the aqueous ethanol solution having an ethanol concentration of approximately 40 to lower than 60%by weight may be started after step (2) . In this case, since salts and pig-ment components can be simultaneously eluted and removed in addition to the odorous acetic acid, the elution step can be shortened, and the amount of ethanol used can be reduced.
[0066] A further particular embodiment of the process includes the following process, wherein
[0067] (1) A column is equilibrated by supplying from the topmost part of the column (hereinafter, sepa-ration-column overhead) an aqueous alcohol solution having a concentration of 10 to 30%by weight (e.g., an aqueous ethanol solution with a concentration of 10 to 30%by weight) ;
[0068] (2) The SL to be separated is diluted and loaded from the separation-column overhead;
[0069] (3) An aqueous alcohol solution (e.g., aqueous ethanol solution) having a concentration of 10 to lower than 40%by weight as the eluent is poured from the separation-column overhead. With this process, salts and odorous components including mainly acetic acid can be eluted;
[0070] (4) The same eluent having a concentration of 40 to lower than 60%by weight is poured from the separation-column overhead. With this step, impurities such as pigments and odorous com-ponents including mainly acetic acid can be eluted;
[0071] (5) The same eluent having a concentration of 55 to 65%by weight, is poured from the separa-tion-column overhead to elute an acidic SL fraction enriched with acetylated acidic SL; and
[0072] (6) The same eluent having a concentration of 60 to 80%by weight is poured from the separa-tion-column overhead to elute a lactonic SL fraction.
[0073] The acidic SL fraction enriched with the acetylated acidic SL as obtained comprises 75 to 100%by weight, or 80 to 100%by weight, or 85 to 100%by weight of the acidic SL, including acety-lated and nonacetylated, based on the total weight of the acidic SL fraction.
[0074] The acidic SL fraction enriched with the acetylated acidic SL as obtained comprises mainly, substantially consists of, or consists of acetylated acidic sophorolipid Preferably, the acidic SL fraction enriched with the acetylated acidic SL as obtained comprises 75 to 100%by weight, or 80 to 100%by weight or 85 to 100%by weight of acetylated acidic SL, based on the total weight of the acidic SL fraction
[0075] The acidic SL fraction enriched with acetylated acidic sophorolipid may be subjected to further separation to provide acetylated acidic sophorolipid when necessary.
[0076] Alternatively, the acidic SL fraction enriched with acetylated acidic sophorolipid may optionally be subjected to post treatments. For example, acidic SL fraction enriched with acetylated acidic sophorolipid may be subjected to a conventional distillation and the obtained distillation residue may be dried or precipitated.
[0077] A liquid high-purity acidic SL fraction enriched with acetylated acidic sophorolipid, which con-tains water, obtained from chromatography, is subjected to a distillation to adjust the concentra-tion of the acidic SL contained in the high-purity acidic SL-containing solution. Furthermore, this is also a step of distilling off organic solvents if organic solvents such as ethanol are intermixed in the high-purity acidic SL-containing solution obtained from chromatography.
[0078] The concentration of the acidic SL enriched with acetylated acidic sophorolipid contained in the liquid remaining after distillation (distillation residual liquid) is not particularly limited as long as the advantageous effect of the present invention is not hindered, and examples thereof include ordinarily not higher than about 50%by weight, preferably not higher than 40%by weight, more preferably not higher than 30%by weight, and particularly preferably about 20%by weight. By adjusting the concentration of the acidic SL enriched with acetylated acidic sophorolipid as such, advantageous effects can be obtained such as being able to easily form a solid or obtain a fine powder when used in the next precipitation (powdering) step.
[0079] The distillation method is not particularly limited as long as the advantageous effect of the pre-sent invention is not hindered, and a distillation method known in the art can be used. Examples of the distillation method include molecular distillation, vacuum distillation, steam distillation, etc. From an industrial standpoint, vacuum distillation is preferable.
[0080] In the step of precipitating the acidic SL enriched with acetylated acidic sophorolipid from the distillation residual liquid obtained, the purified acidic SL enriched with acetylated acidic sophorolipid of the present invention can be made into a powder.
[0081] Although examples of the method for precipitating the acidic SL enriched with acetylated acidic sophorolipid generally include a freeze-drying method (lyophilization method) , a recrystallizing method, a spray-drying method, and the like, a freeze-drying method can be preferably per- formed in the present invention. Since the acidic SL enriched with acetylated acidic sophorolipid of the present invention is chemically very stable and resistant to heat, and poses a low risk of structural change, it becomes possible to efficiently produce the purified acidic SL enriched with acetylated acidic sophorolipid of the present invention by utilizing the spray-drying method, which enables continuous production.
[0082] The thus obtained solid (e.g., powder) purified acidic SL enriched with acetylated acidic sophorolipid has excellent preservation stability, can be applied to various formulations irrespec-tive of whether the formulation is water based or oil based, and is convenient in terms of han-dling.
[0083] Furthermore, the present invention also relates to an acidic sophorolipid, especially an acidic sophorolipid enriched with acetylated acidic sophorolipid obtained by the process according to the present invention.
[0084] The acidic sophorolipid enriched with the acetylated acidic sophorolipid as obtained comprises 75 to 100%by weight, or 80 to 100%by weight, or 85 to 100%by weight of the acidic sophoro-lipid, including acetylated and nonacetylated, based on the total weight of the acidic sophoro-lipid.
[0085] The acidic sophorolipid enriched with the acetylated acidic sophorolipid as obtained comprises mainly, substantially consists of, or consists of acetylated acidic sophorolipid. Preferably, the acidic sophorolipid enriched with the acetylated acidic sophorolipid as obtained comprises 75 to 100%by weight, or 80 to 100%by weight or 85 to 100%by weight of acetylated acidic sophoro-lipid, based on the total weight of the acidic sophorolipid.
[0086] A specific embodiment of the present invention is related to preparation of purified glycerin based sophorolipids, which may comprise the following steps as an example:
[0087] - Mixing 20 g of BiotoLife (Partially hydrolyzed lactonic / acidic sophorolipid-containing prod-uct from BASF. The hydrolyzation happens at room temperature during storage. The lactone / acid ratio is listed in below Table 2) with 10g to 80 g of alcohols, e.g. ethanol, isopropanol, 1-2, pentanediol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, glycerin and stirred magnetically until homogeneous.
[0088] - Adding 1g to 10 g absorbants e.g., silica gel, aluminum oxide, activated charcoal, bleach-ing earth, polyacrylamide, polyvinylpyrrolidone etc., into the BioToLife water / alcohol so-lution, and stirring for 30 min. Color and odor molecules are then partially absorbed by absorbants.
[0089] - Obtaining light yellow transparent solution by filtration of absorbants and solid-like sophorolipid using rotary evaporation of solvent at 40-70 ℃.
[0090] - Dissolving the purified sophorolipid solid by glycerin in equal mass ratio and stirring with nitrogen purge until homogeneous.
[0091] - Obtaining the glycerin based sophorolipid with reduced color and odor. The hydrolytic stability is largely ameliorated due to absence of water.
[0092] Examples
[0093] The following examples are set forth below to illustrate the process and results according to the disclosed subject matter. These examples are not intended to be inclusive of all aspects of the subject matter disclosed herein, but rather to illustrate representative process, compositions, and results. These examples are not intended to exclude equivalents and variations of the pre-sent invention, which are apparent to one skilled in the art.
[0094] Mobile Phases:
[0095] Thin layer chromatography (TLC) method is used to determine the suitable mobile phase to well separate components in sophorolipid.
[0096] TLC plate: TLC is performed on a sheet of aluminum foil coated with silica gel (purchased from Merck: TLC Silica gel 60 RP-18 F254s pkg of 20 sheets, sheet L × W 5 cm × 7.5 cm, aluminum support | Sigma-Aldrich (sigmaaldrich. cn) )
[0097] To quantify the results, the distance traveled by the substance is divided by the total distance traveled by the mobile phase. This ratio is called the retardation factor (Rf) . A big delta Rf of each component indicates a good separation and can be used to estimate the separation on larger chromatography column. Therefore, the delta Rf value of lactonic and acidic sophorolipid in different solvent systems are compared.
[0098] Sample: 10 mg of lactonic sophorolipid (purchased from Cyman) and 10 mg of acidic sophorolipid (purchased from Carbosynth) were dissolved in 10 mL of 95%by weight of ethanol, respectively.
[0099] Mobile phase: 40%by weight, 60%by weight, 80%by weight of aqueous solutions were prepared with ethanol, iso-propanol, acetone, THF, respectively.
[0100] Developing: 10-20 μL of each sample solution was spotted on TLC plate with a capillary tube. The abovementioned mobile phases were used as developing solvents in a separation chamber. The solvent moved up the plate and the plate was taken out of chamber before the solvent front reached the top of stationary phase.
[0101] Stain reagent and coloring: A mixture of 71.7 mL of 95%by weight of ethanol, 2.7 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, and 2 mL of anisaldehyde are prepared as the stain reagent. The plate was soaked in the stain reagent for a second and then heated at 120 ℃ for a minute.
[0102] Identification: The Rf value of the spots are measured and delta values of Rf between acidic sophorolipid and lactonic sophorolipid at different solvent concentration are listed in Table 1.
[0103] Table 1
[0104] Example 1
[0105] - Pretreatment of resin:
[0106] 60 mL of resin (S-3 (Chromatography No. 3) , polystyrene crosslinked with divinylbenzene macroporous resin, provided by Shanghai Huazhen Technology Co., Ltd) was filled into a column (inner diameter 2.4 cm, height 30 cm) and soaked in 100%by weight of ethanol for 2 hrs; and then rinsed with 8 BV (bed volume) of 100%by weight of ethanol.
[0107] - Equilibrium of resin:
[0108] The resin was rinsed with 2 BV of an aqueous solution of 10%by weight of ethanol.
[0109] - Loading:
[0110] 1.5 g of BioToLife (Partially hydrolyzed lactonic / acidic sophorolipid-containing product from BASF. The hydrolyzation happens at r. t. during storage. The lactone / acid ratio is listed in below Table 2) was dissolved in 30 mL of an aqueous solution of 10%by weight of ethanol and loaded into the column. The loading of sophorolipid onto the resin, calculated by weight of sophorolipid (g) to volume of resin (ml) , is 1: 40.
[0111] - Chromatography:
[0112] The resin loaded with sophorolipid was rinsed with 5 BV of an aqueous solution of 60%by weight of ethanol to collect a fraction of acidic sophorolipid; and then rinsed with 3.3 BV of an aqueous solution of 80%by weight of ethanol to collect a fraction of lactonic sophorolipid.
[0113] - Characterization of the fractions by HPLC-ELSD:
[0114] Column: Aglient Eclipse C18 XDB (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5μm)
[0115] Eluent: 0.01%by weight of formic acid aqueous solution (A) -100%by weight of methanol (B)
[0116] 0-5 min, 80-85%by weight of methanol (B) (A mixed solution comprising solution (A) and methanol (B) , weight percentage of (B) increasing gradually from 80%by weight to 85%by weight during 5 min)
[0117] 5-7 min, 85%by weight of methanol (B) (A mixed solution comprising 15%by weight of solution (A) and 85%by weight of methanol (B)
[0118] 7-20 min, 85-100%by weight of methanol (B) (A mixed solution comprising solution (A) and methanol (B) , weight percentage of (B) increasing gradually from 85%by weight to 100%by weight during 13 min)
[0119] 20-30 min, 100%by weight of methanol (B)
[0120] Flow rate: 1 mL / min
[0121] Injection volume: 5 μL
[0122] ELSD temperature: 100 ℃
[0123] Gas flow: 2 L / min.
[0124] The results (purity) from HPLC-ELSD are shown in Table 2:
[0125] Table 2 a means that the amount of 29.74%by weight for Acidic sophorolipid consists of 26.10%by weight for Acetylated acidic sophorolipid and 3.64%by weight for other subtances.b means that the amount of 90.03%by weight for Acidic sophorolipid consists of 83.35%by weight for Acetylated acidic sophorolipid and 6.68%by weight for other subtances.
[0126] Example 2
[0127] - Pretreatment of resin:
[0128] 100 mL of resin same as Example 1 was filled into a column (inner diameter 2.4 cm, height 30 cm) and soaked in 100%by weight of ethanol for 2 hrs; and then rinsed with 1 BV (bed volume) of 100%by weight of ethanol.
[0129] - Equilibrium of resin:
[0130] The resin was rinsed with 2 BV of an aqueous solution of 10%by weight of ethanol.
[0131] - Loading:
[0132] 2.5 g of BioToLife same as Example 1 was dissolved in 10 mL of an aqueous solution of 10%by weight of ethanol and loaded into the column. The loading of sophorolipid onto the resin, calculated by weight of sophorolipid (g) to volume of resin (ml) , is 1: 40.
[0133] - Chromatography:
[0134] The resin loaded with sophorolipid was rinsed with 2.75 BV of an aqueous solution of 60%by weight of ethanol to collect a fraction of acidic sophorolipid; rinsed with 0.5 BV of an aqueous solution of 60%by weight of ethanol to collect a fraction of mixture of lactonic and acidic sophorolipid (this fraction is not characterized by HPLC-ELSD and can be later disposed) ; rinsed with 2 BV of an aqueous solution of 60%by weight of ethanol to collect a fraction of lactonic sophorolipid; and further rinsed with 1.25 BV of an aqueous solution of 80%by weight of ethanol to collect a fraction of rest of lactonic sophorolipid.
[0135] - Characterization of the fractions by HPLC-ELSD:
[0136] Column: Aglient Poroshell 120 EC-C18 (2.1 mmx100 mm, 2.7 um)
[0137] Eluent: 0.1%by weight of formic acid aqueous solution (A) -100%by weight of acetonitrile (B)
[0138] 0-8 min, 80-85%by weight of acetonitrile (B) (A mixed solution comprising solution (A) and acetonitrile (B) , weight percentage of (B) increasing gradually from 80%by weight to 85%by weight during 8 min)
[0139] 8-13 min, 85-100%by weight of acetonitrile (B) (A mixed solution comprising solution (A) and acetonitrile (B) , weight percentage of (B) increasing gradually from 85%by weight to 100%by weight during 5 min)
[0140] Flow rate: 0.4 mL / min
[0141] Injection volume: 1 μL
[0142] ELSD temperature: 100 ℃
[0143] Gas flow: 2 L / min.
[0144] The results (purity) from HPLC-ELSD are shown in Table 3:
[0145] Table 3 a means that the amount of 29.74%by weight for Acidic sophorolipid consists of 27.94%by weight for Acetylated acidic sophorolipid, that is, Acetylated acidic sophorolipid accounts for 100 %by weight of Acidic sophorolipid.b means that the amount of 100.00%by weight for Acidic sophorolipid consists of 86.49%by weight for Acetylated acidic sophorolipid and 13.51%by weight for other subtances.
[0146] Example 3 (non-inventive)
[0147] - Pretreatment of resin:
[0148] D101, polystyrene crosslinked with divinylbenzene macroporous resin, provided by YILAISITE (Shanghai) New Material Technology Co., Ltd, is used. The column and the pretreatment process are same as Example 1
[0149] - Equilibrium of resin:
[0150] The resin was rinsed with 4-5 BV of an aqueous solution of 10%by weight of ethanol.
[0151] - Loading:
[0152] 1.5 g of BioToLife same as Example 1 was dissolved in 30 mL of an aqueous solution of 10%by weight of ethanol and loaded into the column. The loading of sophorolipid onto the resin, calculated by weight of sophorolipid (g) to volume of resin (ml) , is 1: 40.
[0153] - Chromatography:
[0154] The resin loaded with sophorolipid was rinsed with 6-8 BV of an aqueous solution of 40%by weight of ethanol to collect a fraction of acidic sophorolipid; and further rinsed with 3-4 BV of an aqueous solution of 80%by weight of ethanol to collect a fraction of lactonic sophorolipid;
[0155] - Characterization of the fractions by HPLC-ELSD:
[0156] Same as Example 1
[0157] The results (purity) from HPLC-ELSD are shown in Table 4:
[0158] Table 4 a means that the amount of 29.74%by weight for Acidic sophorolipid consists of 26.10%by weight for Acetylated acidic sophorolipid and 3.64%by weight for other subtances.b means that the amount of 85.52%by weight for Acidic sophorolipid consists of 85.52%by weight for Acetylated acidic sophorolipid, that is, Acetylated acidic sophorolipid accounts for 100 %by weight of Acidic sophorolipid.
[0159] The purity of lactonic sophorolipid fraction is low due to large contamination with acidic sophorolipid, which leads to a low yield of acidic sophorolipid fraction enriched with acetylated acidic sophorolipid.
[0160] Example 4 (non-inventive)
[0161] - Pretreatment of resin:
[0162] Ion exchanged resin (HZ202, macroporous anionic resin, provided by Shanghai Huazhen Technology Co., Ltd) was filled into a column (inner diameter 2.4 cm, height 30 cm) and soaked in ethanol for 2-6 hrs and then washed by water; rinsed with 2-5 BV of 1N NaOH solution and then washed by water until pH=10; rinsed with 2-5 BV of 1N HCl solution and washed by water until pH=4; further rinsed with 2-5 BV of 1N NaOH solution to turn the counter ions into OH-, washed with water until pH = 8 and then the resin is ready for use.
[0163] - Equilibrium of resin:
[0164] The resin was rinsed with 4-5 BV of 100%by weight of ethanol.
[0165] - Loading:
[0166] 1 g of BioToLife same as Example 1 was dissolved in 50 mL of 100%by weight of ethanol and loaded into the column.
[0167] - Chromatography:
[0168] The resin loaded with sophorolipid was rinsed with 6-7 BV of 100%by weight of ethanol; and further rinsed with 3 BV of KOH-Ethanol / H2O solution (2 mol / L, Ethanol: H2O=9: 1 by weight) .
[0169] - Characterization of the fractions by HPLC-ELSD:
[0170] Same as Example 1
[0171] Results:
[0172] No target molecules was obtained in the eluents. Lactonic sophorolipid is assumed to be hydrolyzed during treatment and turns into acidic sophorolipid. The acidic type maybe absorbed on the resin.
Claims
1.A process of separating an acidic sophorolipid or a lactonic sophorolipid, especially an acidic sophorolipid enriched with acetylated acidic sophorolipid from a lactonic / acidic sophorolipid-containing product by chromatography, which comprises the steps of1) optionally eluting with an aqueous solution of a water-miscible organic solvent having a concentration of 10 to lower than 40%by weight;2) optionally eluting with an aqueous solution of the water-miscible organic solvent hav-ing a concentration of 40 to lower than 60%by weight;3) eluting with an aqueous solution of the water-miscible organic solvent having a con-centration of 50 to 70%by weight to collect an acidic sophorolipid, especially an acidic sophorolipid fraction enriched with acetylated acidic sophorolipid; and4) optionally eluting with an aqueous solution of the water-miscible organic solvent hav-ing a concentration of 55 to 85%by weight to collect a lactonic sophorolipid fraction.2.The process according to claim 1, wherein the adsorbent for the chromatography purifi-cation comprises a macroporous resin.3.The process according to claim 2, wherein the macroporous resin is silica gel modified with C8 to C18 alkanes.4.The process according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the macroporous resin includes macroporous resins based on crosslinked styrenes, crosslinked poly (meth) acrylates, crosslinked polyacrylonitrile or C18 modified silica gel, preferably styrenes crosslinked with divinylbenzene, poly (meth) acrylates crosslinked with divinylbenzene, polyacryloni-trile crosslinked with divinylbenzene, more preferably macroporous resins based on pol-ystyrene crosslinked with divinylbenzene, or poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) cross-linked with divinylbenzene, most preferably polystyrene crosslinked with divinylbenzene.5.The process according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the macroporous resin is non-polar.6.The process according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the eluent used in the chroma-tography purification is a mixture of water and water-miscible organic solvent.7.The process according to claim 6, wherein the water-miscible organic solvent includes C3-C4 ketones, such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, cyclic ethers, such as dioxane and tetrahydrofuran, C1-C4-alkanols, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropa-nol, n-butanol, tert-butanol, polyols and their mono-and dimethyl ethers such as eth- ylene glycol, propanediol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol, diethy-lene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, glycerol, furthermore C2-C3-nitriles such as acetonitrile and propionitrile, acetic acid, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethyl-formamide, formamide, acetamide, dimethylacetamide, butyrolactone, 2-pyrrolidone and N-methylpyrrolidone, preferably C1-C2-alkanols, more preferably ethanol.8.The process according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the lactonic / acidic sophoro-lipid-containing product comprises 20 to 40 %by weight of acidic sophorolipid, including non-acetylated and acetylated.9.The process according to claim 8, wherein in the acidic sophorolipid, the acetylated acidic sophorolipid accounts for 15%to 35%by weight.10.The process according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein from 1 to 10 bed volume, preferably from 2 to 8 bed volume, more preferably from 2.5 to 6 bed volume, most pref-erably from 2.75 to 5 bed volume of eluent is applied for rinse of resin to effect separa-tion in step 3) .11.An acidic sophorolipid, especially an acidic sophorolipid enriched with acetylated acidic sophorolipid obtained by the process according to any one of claims 1 to 10.12.The acidic sophorolipid enriched with acetylated acidic sophorolipid according to claim 11, which comprises 75 to 100%by weight, or 80 to 100%by weight or 85 to 100%by weight of acetylated acidic sophorolipid, based on the total weight of the acidic sophoro-lipid.