Construction module

Abstract

The module is a plane-symmetrical solid (15), having a base (1), a spike (2), an inner surface (4), an outer surface (5), and a first (3') and a second (3") side wall. The inner surface (4) of the module is a wedge-shaped section (4) of the inner surface of the rectilinear tube (6), while its outer surface (5) is a wedge-shaped section (5) of the outer surface of the same tube (6). The boundaries of these two sections (4, 5) are defined by a first (11), a second (12) and a third (13) delimiting planes. The base (1) of the module, the bases (8, 10) of both mentioned wedge-shaped sections (4, 5) and an axis (14) of this tube (6) lie in the first delimiting plane (11). The plane of symmetry (15) of the module is perpendicular to the first delimiting plane (11) and to the axis (14) of the tube (6), while the second (12) and the third (13) delimiting planes are symmetrical with respect to the plane of symmetry (15), are perpendicular to the first delimiting plane (11) and intersect (16) each other. The line of intersection (16) of these planes lies in the plane of symmetry (15) of the module, is perpendicular to the first delimiting plane (11) and passes through the spikes (7, 9) of both wedge-shaped sections (4, 5) of the surface of the tube (6). On the first (3') and the second (3") side wall of the module there is a set of recesses (18) and protrusions (19), arranged symmetrically with respect to the plane of symmetry (15) and antisymmetrically with respect to the plane of antisymmetry (17), in which lies the axis (14) of the tube (6) and which is inclined to the first delimiting plane (11) at an angle (β) of 45 degrees.

Description

[0001] The subject of the invention is a construction module for creating building structures of various configurations.

[0002] There are known building structures, in particular all kinds of domes, to be made from prefabricated modules in the form of an arched, plane-symmetrical wedge-shaped solid. This solid usually has a base, a spike, a concave inner surface, a convex outer surface, and two side walls. Each such wall is usually provided with means for connecting each module to an adjacent module when forming the intended structure, at least temporarily. An example of a solution of this type is disclosed, for example, in publication PL 245063 B1.

[0003] The purpose of the invention was to create a single construction module that allows the creation of different types of structures. This purpose is fulfilled by a module according to the invention, in the form of an arched, plane-symmetrical wedge-shaped solid. This solid has a base, a spike, an inner surface, an outer surface, and first and second side walls, each with means for connecting each module to an adjacent module. The invention consists in the fact that the inner surface of the module is a wedge-shaped section of the inner surface of a rectilinear tube, having its spike and base, while the outer surface of this module is a wedge-shaped section of the outer surface of the same tube, also having its spike and base. The boundaries of these two sections are defined by a first, second and third delimiting planes. The base of the module, the bases of the two wedge-shaped sections of the rectilinear surface of the tube, and the axis of this tube lie in the first delimiting plane. The plane of symmetry of the module is perpendicular to the first delimiting plane and to the axis of the rectilinear tube. The second and third delimiting planes are located symmetrically on both sides of the plane of symmetry, are perpendicular to the first delimiting plane and intersect each other. Line of the intersection of the second and third delimiting planes lies in the plane of symmetry of the module, is perpendicular to the first delimiting plane and passes through the spikes of both wedge-shaped sections of the rectilinear surface of the tube. On the other hand, the connecting means of the first and second side walls are a set of recesses and protrusions, placed on the said side walls symmetrically with respect to the module's plane of symmetry and antisymmetrically with respect to its plane of antisymmetry, which is inclined with respect to the first delimiting plane at an angle of 45 degrees. The axis of the tube lies in the plane of antisymmetry. The recesses and protrusions form pairs of equal width on each wall of the module, equal to half the thickness of the tube at a given point. In one variant of the invention, the plane angle formed on the first delimiting plane by the second and third delimiting planes ranges from 15 to 90 degrees. In a further variant of the invention, the rectilinear tube whose inner and outer surfaces determine the curvature of the inner and outer surfaces of the module, respectively, is a cylindrical tube of constant thickness. In another variant of the invention, the connecting means of each side wall of the module form four pairs of recesses and protrusions of the same angular length. In yet another variant of the invention, the thickness of the cylindrical tube, whose inner and outer surfaces determine the curvature of the inner and outer surfaces of the module, respectively, is from 10 to 40% of the outer diameter of the tube. The invention, despite the fact that it uses only one module, makes it possible to easily erect structures such as a dome and a vault, without a need for additional elements to fill the spaces between the modules. The module according to the invention is a module prefabricated outside the immediate construction site, i.e. under conditions allowing high accuracy and repeatability. The assembly of such precision-made prefabricated elements enables the quick and inexpensive erection of simple structures. Such structures can also be easily expanded and dismantled, while the dismantled modules can be used to erect structures of a different shape and / or in a different location.

[0004] An exemplary embodiment of the invention is depicted in figures of drawings. Fig.1 shows the construction module in axonometric projection from the outside, and Fig.2 shows the same module in axonometric projection from the inside. Fig.3, Fig.4 and Fig.5 depict the module from Fig.1 in horizontal projections from the side, inside and outside, respectively. Fig.6 and Fig.7 depict the module from Fig.1 in vertical projections from the top and bottom, respectively. Fig.8 shows the module from Fig.1 in axonometric view with the place for the entrance / window opening marked, while Fig.9 shows the module from Fig.8 with this type of opening already made. Figures from Fig.10 to Fig.15 show the module from Fig.9 with marked planes defining the shape of this module, in views from Fig.1, Fig.4, Fig.5, Fig.6, Fig.7 and Fig.3, respectively. Fig.16 shows an example of a circular dome constructed from the modules from Fig.1, while Fig.17 shows an example of an oval dome constructed from the same modules. Fig.18, Fig.19 and Fig.20 depict the principle of combining modules according to the invention to build the structures of Fig.16 and Fig.17. Fig.21 depicts a structure analogous to Fig.17, but built from the modules of Fig.8 and Fig.9. Fig.22 shows the side view of a version of the module according to the invention with three pairs of connecting means on one side wall of the module.

[0005] The embodied construction module A is in the form of a plane-symmetrical solid in the form of a plane-symmetrical and arched wedge with a constant thickness G of 320 mm. This wedge has a trapezoidal base 1 with a width W of about 175 cm, a spike 2 and first 3' and second 3" side walls. For the purpose of describing the shape of this module, it is assumed that the base 1 rests on a horizontal surface not shown in the figure, the horizontal direction is parallel to this surface, and the vertical direction is perpendicular to this surface. The upper corner of the spike 2 is located at a height H of 325 cm and constitutes the upper edge of the module A so positioned. The convex side of this module constitutes its outer side, its concave side constitutes its inner side, and the walls 3' and 3" constitute the sides of the module A. The curvature of the inner surface 4 and the outer surface 5 of the module A is determined by the inner and outer surfaces, respectively, of a rectilinear tube 6 with a circular cross-section and a constant wall thickness G of 32 cm and an outer diameter D of 325 cm. The inner surface 5 of the module A is a wedge-shaped section of the inner surface of said tube 6, which has a spike 7 and base 8, while the outer surface 5 of said module is an analogous wedge-shaped section of the outer surface of the tube, also having a spike 9 and base 10. The lateral boundaries of these two sections 4 and 5 are defined by the first 11, second 12 and third 13 delimiting planes. The base 1 of the module A, the bases 8 and 10 of both wedge-shaped sections 4 and 5 of the surface of the tube 6 and the axis 14 of this tube lie in the delimiting plane 11. The plane of symmetry 15 of the module A is perpendicular to the delimiting plane 11 and to the axis 14 of the tube 6. The delimiting planes 12 and 13 are located symmetrically on both sides of the plane of symmetry 15, are perpendicular to the delimiting plane 11 and intersect each other along the line of intersection 16 which is a straight line. The straight line 16 lies in the plane of symmetry 15, is perpendicular to the delimiting plane 11 and passes through the spikes 7 and 9 of both wedge-shaped sections 4 and 5 of the surface of the tube 6. The plane angle α at which the walls 3' and 3" converge, that is, the angle formed on the delimiting plane 11 by the intersecting delimiting planes 12 and 13, is 30 degrees. The module A, in addition to the plane of symmetry 16, also has a plane of antisymmetry 17. The plane of antisymmetry 17 of the module A is inclined to the delimiting plane 11 at an angle β of 45 degrees. The axis 14 of the tube 6 lies in the plane of antisymmetry 17. Each of the walls 3' and 3" has means for shape-dependent connection of a given module with an analogous adjacent module, when forming a structure from such modules. The said connecting means are a set of recesses 18 and protrusions 19. The recesses 18 and protrusions 19 are arranged on the walls 3' and 3" symmetrically with respect to the plane of symmetry 15 and antisymmetrically with respect to the plane of antisymmetry 17. The shapes of the individual recesses 18 and protrusions 19 are also antisymmetrical with respect to the plane 17. The recesses 18 and protrusions 19 form on each of the walls 3' and 3" of the module A pairs of equal width L, equal to half the thickness G of the tube 6 at the given location. In the described embodiment 4, there are four pairs of recesses 18 and protrusions 19 of the same angular length on each of the walls 3' and 3". The boundaries of these pairs (18,19) are determined by five delimiting planes 20 rotated about each other around the axis 14 of the tube 6 by an angle γ of 22.5 degrees, with the central plane 20 coinciding with the plane of antisymmetry 17. The section of the tube 6 delimiting the surfaces 4 and 5 of the module A is a so-called tubular quadrant, an equivalent of a cylindrical quadrant, popularly known as the quarter round. The shape of the module according to the invention, in addition to the rectilinear cylindrical tube of constant thickness described above, can be determined by any other rectilinear tube, as long as the shape of its cross-section allows us to determine in its quadrant a plane of antisymmetry and to form on the walls 3' and 3" a set of recesses 18 and protrusions 19 antisymmetrical with respect to this plane. The condition of antisymmetry of recesses 18 and protrusions 19 also does not require the above-described equal angular length of all pairs of recesses 18 and protrusions 19. Fig.22 shows a side view of the module E according to the invention, in which there are four pairs of recesses 18 and protrusions 19 on each side wall 3' and 3", with the two outermost pairs having equal angular lengths, denoted in the figure as δ, the middle pairs also having equal but smaller angular lengths, denoted in the figure as γ, and the sum of the angles γ and δ being 90 degrees. A variant of the module A is the module B (Fig.8), the outer surface 5 of which has a recessed outline 21 of an opening, window or entrance, which can be executed at the construction site. Another variant of the module A is the module C, which has a factory-made opening 22. In this embodiment, the opening is the same as the outline 21 in the module B. In the figures of all variants of the module according to the invention, the same elements are marked with the same numbers. In the described embodiment, the module A is equipped with mounting lugs 23 for additional or temporary connection of individual modules into a larger structure. Examples of such structures are shown in the figures from Fig.16 to Fig.21. Depending on the intended use, the modules according to the invention can be made, for example, of concrete, foamed plastic or composite technology.List of designations

[0006] 1 - wedge base 2 - spike of the wedge 3' - first side wall of the wedge 3" - second side wall of the wedge 4 - inner surface of the module A and the wedge-shaped section of the inner surface of the tube 6 5 - outer surface of the module A and the wedge-shaped section of the outer surface of the tube 6 6 - rectilinear cylindrical tube 7 - spike of the wedge-shaped section 4 of the inner surface of the tube 6 8 - base of the wedge-shaped section 4 of the inner surface of the tube 6 9 - spike of the wedge-shaped section 5 of the outer surface of the tube 6 10 - base of the wedge-shaped section 5 of the outer surface of the tube 6 11 - first delimiting plane 12 - second delimiting plane 13 - third delimiting plane 14 - axis of the tube 6 15 - plane of symmetry of the module A 16 - line of intersection of planes 12 and 13 17 - plane of antisymmetry of modules A and E 18 - recess 19 - protrusion 20 - delimiting plane of the recess 18 and protrusion 19 pair 21 - outline of a possible opening in the module B 22 - opening in the module 23 - mounting lug A - module without an opening B - A-type module with marked place for the opening C - A-type module with an opening E - module with three pairs of recesses 18 and protrusions 19 G - module thickness H - height of the A-type module L - thickness of the recess 17 and protrusion 18 W - width of the base of the module A

Claims

1. A construction module in the form of an arched, plane-symmetrical (15) wedge-shaped solid, having a base (1), a spike (2), an inner surface (4), an outer surface (5), and first (3') and a second (3") side wall, each with means for connecting a given module to an adjacent module, characterized in that the inner surface (4) of the module is a wedge-shaped section (4) of the inner surface of the rectilinear tube (6), having its spike (7) and base (8), the outer surface (5) of the module is a wedge-shaped section (5) of the outer surface of the same tube (6), having its spike (9) and base (10), the boundaries of these two section (4, 5) are defined by a first (11), a second (12) a third (13) delimiting planes, whereby in the first delimiting plane (11) lie the base (1) of the module, the bases (8, 10) of both wedge-shaped sections (4, 5) of the rectilinear surface of the tube (6) and an axis (14) of this tube (6), the plane of symmetry (15) of the module is perpendicular to the first delimiting plane (11) and to the axis (14) of the rectilinear tube (6), while the second (12) and third (13) delimiting planes are located symmetrically on both sides of the plane of symmetry (15), are perpendicular to the first delimiting plane (11) and intersect (16) each other, whereby the line of intersection (16) of the second (12) and third (13) delimiting planes lies in the plane of symmetry (15), is perpendicular to the first delimiting plane (11) and passes through the spikes (7, 9) of both wedge-shaped sections (4, 5) of the rectilinear surface of the tube (6), while the connecting means of the first (3') and second (3") side walls are a set of recesses (18) and protrusions (19), located on the said side walls (3', 3") symmetrically with respect to the plane of symmetry (15) and antisymmetrically with respect to the plane of antisymmetry (17), in which lies the axis (14) of the tube (6) and which is inclined to the first delimiting plane (11) at an angle (β) of 45 degrees, and the recesses (18) and protrusions (19) form on each of the walls (3', 3") of the module pairs of equal width (L), equal to half the thickness (G) of the tube (6) at a given location.

2. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that the plane angle (α) formed on the first delimiting plane (11) by the second (12) and the third (13) delimiting planes ranges from 15 to 90 degrees.

3. The module according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the rectilinear tube (6), whose inner and outer surfaces determine the curvature of the inner (4) and outer (5) surfaces of the module, respectively, is a cylindrical tube of constant thickness (G).

4. The module according to claim 3, characterized in that the connecting means of each wall (3', 3") form four pairs of recesses (18) and protrusions (10) of the same angular length (γ).

5. The module according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the thickness (G) of the cylindrical tube (6), whose inner and outer surfaces determine the curvature of the inner (4) and outer (5) surfaces, respectively, of the module, is from 10 to 40% of the outer diameter (D) of the tube.

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