Weldable hardfacing compositions and related methods and products
Patent Information
- Application Number
- EP2024730590
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-05-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-14
AI Technical Summary
Existing hardfacing materials, such as tungsten carbide, are expensive, erode easily, and crack under service conditions, leading to reduced tool life in drilling applications due to metal-to-metal and metal-to-silicious earth wear.
A weldable hardfacing composition comprising specific ranges of carbon, boron, chromium, niobium, and other elements, which can be deposited without cracks and with high abrasive resistance, minimizing casing wear and maximizing tool joint durability through controlled preheating and cooling processes.
The hardfacing composition forms crack-free deposits with high wear resistance and low friction, extending tool life and reducing maintenance needs in drilling tools like tool joints and stabilizers.
Smart Images

Figure PCTCN2024092194-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2024092194-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2024092194-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
WELDABLE HARDFACING COMPOSITIONS AND RELATED METHODS AND PRODUCTSFIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present disclosure is in the field of hardfacing alloys and the weldable hardfacing compositions used to make hardfacing deposits of said hardfacing alloys. Further, the present disclosure relates to methods and products relating thereto.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Metal to metal and metal to silicious earth wear can dramatically reduce the life of a variety of tools including earth boring tools, earth moving tools, and the like.
[0003] Historically, tool joints on drilling strings (pipe) such as those used in drilling oil and gas wells have been faced at the bottom of the box end with tungsten carbide to resist the abrasion of the rock earth in the drill hole on the tool joint. Tungsten carbide hardfacings have several disadvantages. Tungsten carbide is expensive, it acts as a cutting tool to cut the well casing in which it runs, and the matrix is a soft steel which erodes away easily to allow the carbide particles to fall away.
[0004] Typically, hardfacing materials that are harder than silicious earth materials are brittle and crack. For example, alloys that belong to a well-known group of “high Cr-irons” have a high abrasive resistance that derives from the presence in the microstructure of the Cr-carbides of the eutectic and / or hypereutectic type. In the as-welded condition, these hardfacing overlays show a network of cracks, which is a favorable factor in crack propagation into the base material under service conditions.
[0005] It would be highly desirable and advantageous to provide a hardfacing alloy having a microstructure with high abrasive resistance and capable of being weld deposited without cracks that further does not need to workharden to achieve the hardness properties to withstand the conditions of use.
[0006] BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] An example weldable hardfacing composition of the present disclosure may comprise: about 0.75 wt%to about 0.95 wt%carbon, about 2.3 wt%to about 2.8 wt%boron, 0 wt%to about 0.5 wt%manganese, 0 wt%to about 0.7 wt%silicon, about 6.5 wt%to about 7 wt%chromium, about 3 wt%to about 3.9 wt%niobium, 0 wt%to about 0.25 wt%, cumulatively, of one or more of: scandium, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and aluminum, 0 wt%to about 0.08 wt%nitrogen, 0 wt%to about 0.05 wt%total impurities, and a balance iron, wherein each wt%is based on a total weight of the weldable hardfacing composition.
[0008] An example weldable hardfacing composition of the present disclosure may comprise: about 0.85 wt%to about 0.95 wt%carbon, about 2.6 wt%to about 2.8 wt%boron, about 0.1 wt%to about 0.4 wt%manganese, about 0.4 wt%to about 0.7 wt%silicon, about 6.6 wt%to about 7 wt%chromium, about 3.3 wt%to about 3.7 wt%niobium, about 0.1 wt%to about 0.25 wt%, cumulatively, of one or more of: scandium, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and aluminum, 0 wt%to about 0.08 wt%nitrogen, 0 wt%to about 0.05 wt%total impurities, and a balance iron, wherein each wt%is based on a total weight of the weldable hardfacing composition.
[0009] An example weldable hardfacing composition of the present disclosure may comprise: about 0.75 wt%to about 0.85 wt%carbon, about 2.4 wt%to about 2.6 wt%boron, about 0.3 wt%to about 0.5 wt%manganese, about 0.3 wt%to about 0.5 wt%silicon, about 6.5 wt%to about 6.8 wt%chromium, about 3.3 wt%to about 3.6 wt%niobium, 0 wt%to about 0.25 wt%, cumulatively, of one or more of: scandium, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and aluminum, 0 wt%to about 0.08 wt%nitrogen, 0 wt%to about 0.05 wt%total impurities, and a balance iron, wherein each wt%is based on a total weight of the weldable hardfacing composition.
[0010] An example article may comprise: a surface; and a hardfacing deposit formed from any of the foregoing weldable hardfacing compositions welded to the surface; wherein the hardfacing deposit, after dilutions, has a Vickers hardness from about 650 HV to about 940 HV.
[0011] An example industrial product having a surface subject to may comprise: a hardfacing deposit formed from any of the foregoing weldable hardfacing compositions welded to the surface of the industrial product subject to such abrasion.
[0012] An example tool joint for connecting together drill pipe may be configured where the tool joint has a cylindrical body, an internally threaded box which has an outer cylindrical surface of a diameter greater than the drill pipe, and an externally threaded pin including, at least one hardfacing deposit formed from any of the foregoing weldable hardfacing compositions welded to the outer cylindrical surface of one or both of the box or pin, thereby providing surface resistance to abrasion by silicious materials.
[0013] An example method of prolonging the life of an industrial product subject to abrasion from silicious materials may comprise: welding any of the foregoing weldable hardfacing compositions to one or more surfaces of the industrial product subject to the abrasion to form a hardfacing deposit on the one or more surfaces.
[0014] An example method of prolonging the life of an industrial product having one or more components with surfaces subjected to abrasive wear from silicious particles may comprise: preheating the one or more components, welding any of the foregoing weldable hardfacing compositions to the surface of the one or more components, thereby forming a hardfacing deposit on the surface, cooling down the one or more components having the hardfacing deposit thereon, wherein after cooling the hardfacing deposit is free of cracks.
[0015] An example method of prolonging the life of a tool joint connecting together drill pipe, where the tool joint having a connectable threaded box having an outer cylindrical portion and an inner connecting pin and an outer cylindrical portion adjacent thereto, may comprise: preheating at least one of the outer cylindrical portion of the box or of the pin or both to a temperature of about 100 ℃ to about 400 ℃, welding any of the foregoing weldable hardfacing compositions to the outer cylindrical portion of one or both of the box and pin while at the preheating temperature of about 100 ℃ to about 400 ℃, thereby forming a hardfacing deposit, and cooling down the outer cylindrical portion to which the hardfacing deposit is present on one or both of the box or pin, wherein after cooling the hardfacing deposit is resistant to abrasive wear of silicious materials.
[0016] An example method may comprise: welding a weldable hardfacing composition to a surface, thereby forming a hardfacing deposit, wherein the weldable hardfacing composition comprises: about 0.75 wt%to about 0.95 wt%carbon, about 2.3 wt%to about 2.8 wt%boron, 0 wt%to about 0.5 wt%manganese, 0 wt%to about 0.7 wt%silicon, about 6.5 wt%to about 7 wt%chromium, about 3 wt%to about 3.9 wt%niobium, 0 wt%to about 0.25 wt%, cumulatively, of one or more of: scandium, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and aluminum, 0 wt%to about 0.08 wt%nitrogen, 0 wt%to about 0.05 wt%total impurities, and a balance iron, wherein each wt%is based on a total weight of the weldable hardfacing composition.
[0017] An example method may comprise: welding a weldable hardfacing composition to a surface, thereby forming a hardfacing deposit, wherein the weldable hardfacing composition comprises: about 0.85 wt%to about 0.95 wt%carbon, about 2.6 wt%to about 2.8 wt%boron, about 0.1 wt%to about 0.4 wt%manganese, about 0.4 wt%to about 0.7 wt%silicon, about 6.6 wt%to about 7 wt%chromium, about 3.3 wt%to about 3.7 wt%niobium, about 0.1 wt%to about 0.25 wt%, cumulatively, of one or more of: scandium, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and aluminum, 0 wt%to about 0.08 wt%nitrogen, 0 wt%to about 0.05 wt%total impurities, and a balance iron, wherein each wt%is based on a total weight of the weldable hardfacing composition.
[0018] An example method may comprise: welding a weldable hardfacing composition to a surface, thereby forming a hardfacing deposit, wherein the weldable hardfacing composition comprises: about 0.75 wt%to about 0.85 wt%carbon, about 2.4 wt%to about 2.6 wt%boron, about 0.3 wt%to about 0.5 wt%manganese, about 0.3 wt%to about 0.5 wt%silicon, about 6.5 wt%to about 6.8 wt%chromium, about 3.3 wt%to about 3.6 wt%niobium, 0 wt%to about 0.25 wt%, cumulatively, of one or more of: scandium, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and aluminum, 0 wt%to about 0.08 wt%nitrogen, 0 wt%to about 0.05 wt%total impurities, and a balance iron, wherein each wt%is based on a total weight of the weldable hardfacing composition.
[0019] An example article may comprise: a surface having a hardfacing deposit thereon, the hardfacing deposit comprising a hardfacing alloy that comprises: about 0.75 wt%to about 0.95 wt%carbon, about 2.3 wt%to about 2.8 wt%boron, 0 wt%to about 0.5 wt%manganese, 0 wt%to about 0.7 wt%silicon, about 6.5 wt%to about 7 wt%chromium, about 3 wt%to about 3.9 wt%niobium, 0 wt%to about 0.25 wt%, cumulatively, of one or more of: scandium, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and aluminum, 0 wt%to about 0.08 wt%nitrogen, 0 wt%to about 0.05 wt%total impurities, and a balance iron, wherein each wt%is based on a total weight of the hardfacing alloy.
[0020] An example article may comprise: a surface having a hardfacing deposit thereon, the hardfacing deposit comprises: about 0.85 wt%to about 0.95 wt%carbon, about 2.6 wt%to about 2.8 wt%boron, about 0.1 wt%to about 0.4 wt%manganese, about 0.4 wt%to about 0.7 wt%silicon, about 6.6 wt%to about 7 wt%chromium, about 3.3 wt%to about 3.7 wt%niobium, about 0.1 wt%to about 0.25 wt%, cumulatively, of one or more of: scandium, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and aluminum, 0 wt%to about 0.08 wt%nitrogen, 0 wt%to about 0.05 wt%total impurities, and a balance iron, wherein each wt%is based on a total weight of the weldable hardfacing composition.
[0021] An example article may comprise: a surface having a hardfacing deposit thereon, the hardfacing deposit comprises: about 0.75 wt%to about 0.85 wt%carbon, about 2.4 wt%to about 2.6 wt%boron, about 0.3 wt%to about 0.5 wt%manganese, about 0.3 wt%to about 0.5 wt%silicon, about 6.5 wt%to about 6.8 wt%chromium, about 3.3 wt%to about 3.6 wt%niobium, 0 wt%to about 0.25 wt%, cumulatively, of one or more of: scandium, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and aluminum, 0 wt%to about 0.08 wt%nitrogen, 0 wt%to about 0.05 wt%total impurities, and a balance iron, wherein each wt%is based on a total weight of the weldable hardfacing composition.
[0022] Other and further objects, features, and advantages of embodiments of the invention appear throughout.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0023] FIG. 1 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional view of a box of a tool joint with a raised hardfacing deposit according to the invention.
[0024] FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 illustrating a pin of the tool joint with a raised hardfacing deposit according to the invention.
[0025] FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 1 illustrating flush hardfacing deposit of a box of the tool joint according to the invention.
[0026] FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 1 illustrating flush hardfacing deposit of a pin of the tool joint according to the invention.
[0027] FIG. 5 is a longitudinal view of a stabilizer having a hardfacing deposit according to the invention.
[0028] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a cored wire with a butt seam joint.
[0029] FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a cored wire with an overlap seam joint.
[0030] FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic view of apparatus suitable for welding a cored wire of the hardfacing alloy in open, gas shielded or submerged arc.
[0031] FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic view of a preheating system illustrating an electromagnetic induction coil for preheating the pin, box, and stabilizer for welding.
[0032] FIG. 10 is a diagrammatic view of a gas torch for preheating the pin, box, and stabilizer.
[0033] FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a canister shown with a preheated box and welded box useful in cooling down the box after being preheated and welded.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0034] The present disclosure is in the field of hardfacing alloys and the weldable hardfacing compositions suitable for producing hardfacing deposits of said hardfacing alloys. Further, the present disclosure relates to methods and products relating thereto. Said hardfacing alloys of the present disclosure may improve the service life of surfaces of industrial products subject to wear such as tool joints, drill collars, and stabilizers used in drilling strings for earth boring for oil and gas as well as other industrial products subjected to high abrasion.
[0035] The weldable hardfacing compositions herein are advantageously capable of being welded to form deposits of the hardfacing alloys of the present disclosure that is crack-free when using appropriate preheat and post-cooling conditions. Further, the hardfacing alloys have a low coefficient of friction and high wear resistance, which, when used in conjunction with a cased conduit, causes minimal casing wear. Therefore, the hardfacing alloy of the present disclosure is particularly suited for use in hardfacing deposits on wear-prone surfaces of tool joints and stabilizers, where the hardfacing deposit provides great protection from abrasion while remaining in a crack free state.
[0036] Further, the hardfacing alloys can be welded deposits over preexisting weld deposits, including many other previous hardfacing deposits. Advantageously, this reduces the amount of surface treatment or remediation needed before welding the hardfacing alloys to a surface.
[0037] Herein, “hardfacing” encompasses “hardbanding. ” For example, a hardfacing alloy may be suitable specifically for hardbanding methods. Therefore, hardfacing alloys of the present disclosure encompass hardbanding alloys. Similarly, a hardfacing deposit may specifically be a hardbanding deposit.
[0038] Weldable Hardfacing Compositions and Hardfacing Alloys
[0039] Weldable hardfacing compositions can be welded onto surfaces to form deposits (also referred to herein as hardfacing deposits) of hardfacing alloys. The weldable hardfacing compositions can be at least a portion of metallic powders or a mixture of metal and mineral powders in metal cored wires or flux cored wires, respectively.
[0040] The weldable hardfacing compositions and the hardfacing alloys have similar elemental composition. The hardfacing alloys can be further characterized by microstructure and physical properties. During welding, elements from the weldable hardfacing composition and elements from the substrate being hardfaced may blend together, which changes the composition. The composition, microstructure, and physical properties for the hardfacing alloys described herein are based on the hardfacing alloy undiluted by the substrate. As used herein, a six-layer deposit of the weldable hardfacing composition provides a sufficiently undiluted hardfacing alloy that can be used to ascertain the composition, microstructure, and physical properties of the hardfacing alloy. In practice, the deposit may be one to two or more layers.
[0041] The weldable hardfacing compositions and hardfacing alloys of the present disclosure may have a composition according to any of Tables 1-3, where each wt%is based on a total weight of the weldable hardfacing composition or hardfacing alloy.
[0042] TABLE 1 *one or more of Sc, Ti, V, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, and Al, cumulatively
[0043] TABLE 2 *one or more of Sc, Ti, V, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, and Al, cumulatively
[0044] TABLE 3 *one or more of Sc, Ti, V, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, and Al, cumulatively
[0045] “About” modifies the values of each of Tables 1-3.
[0046] A weldable hardfacing composition or hardfacing alloy of the present disclosure can include carbon at about 0.75 wt%to about 0.95 wt% (or about 0.75 wt%to about 0.9 wt%, or about 0.75 wt%to about 0.85 wt%, or about 0.8 wt%to about 0.9 wt%, or about 0.8 wt%to about 0.95 wt%, or about 0.85 wt%to about 0.95 wt%) , based on a total weight of the weldable hardfacing composition or hardfacing alloy.
[0047] A weldable hardfacing composition or hardfacing alloy of the present disclosure can include boron at about 2.3 wt%to about 2.8 wt% (or about 2.3 wt%to about 2.5 wt%, or about 2.4 wt%to about 2.6 wt%, or about 2.5 wt%to about 2.7 wt%, or about 2.6 wt%to about 2.8 wt%) , based on a total weight of the weldable hardfacing composition or hardfacing alloy.
[0048] A weldable hardfacing composition or hardfacing alloy of the present disclosure can include manganese at up to about 0.5 wt% (or 0 wt%to about 0.5 wt%, or about 0.1 wt%to about 0.5 wt%, about 0.2 wt%to about 0.5 wt%, or about 0.3 wt%to about 0.5 wt%, or about 0.1 wt%to about 0.4 wt%, or about 0.2 wt%to about 0.4 wt%, or about 0.3 wt%to about 0.4 wt%) , based on a total weight of the weldable hardfacing composition or hardfacing alloy.
[0049] A weldable hardfacing composition or hardfacing alloy of the present disclosure can include silicon at up to about 0.7 wt% (or 0 wt%to about 0.7 wt%, or about 0.1 wt%to about 0.7 wt%, or about 0.1 wt%to about 0.4 wt%, or about 0.2 wt%to about 0.5 wt%, or about 0.3 wt%to about 0.6 wt%, or about 0.3 wt%to about 0.5 wt%, or about 0.4 wt%to about 0.7 wt%, or about 0.5 wt%to about 0.7 wt%) , based on a total weight of the weldable hardfacing composition or hardfacing alloy.
[0050] A weldable hardfacing composition or hardfacing alloy of the present disclosure can include chromium at about 6.5 wt%to about 7 wt% (or about 6.5 wt%to about 6.9 wt%, or about 6.5 wt%to about 6.8 wt%, or about 6.6 wt%to about 7 wt%, or about 6.6 wt%to about 6.8 wt%, or about 6.7 wt%to about 7 wt%, or about 6.7 wt%to about 6.9 wt%) , based on a total weight of the weldable hardfacing composition or hardfacing alloy.
[0051] A weldable hardfacing composition or hardfacing alloy of the present disclosure can include niobium at about 3 wt%to about 3.9 wt% (or about 3 wt%to about 3.4 wt%, or about 3 wt%to about 3.3 wt%, or about 3.1 wt%to about 3.5 wt%, or about 3.2 wt%to about 3.5 wt%, or about 3.3 wt%to about 3.6 wt%, or about 3.3 wt%to about 3.7 wt%, or about 3.5 wt%to about 3.8 wt%, or about 3.6 wt%to about 3.9 wt%) , based on a total weight of the weldable hardfacing composition or hardfacing alloy.
[0052] A weldable hardfacing composition or hardfacing alloy of the present disclosure can include other rare earth metals (cumulatively one or more of scandium, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and aluminum) at up to about 0.25 wt% (or 0 wt%to about 0.25 wt%, or about 0 wt%to about 0.15 wt%, or about 0 wt%to about 0.05 wt%, or about 0.05 wt%to about 0.25 wt%, or about 0.1 wt%to about 0.2 wt%, or about 0.1 wt%to about 0.25 wt%, or about 0.15 wt%to about 0.25 wt%) , based on a total weight of the weldable hardfacing composition or hardfacing alloy. The weldable hardfacing composition or hardfacing alloy of the present disclosure may be devoid of one or more of scandium, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and aluminum.
[0053] A weldable hardfacing composition or hardfacing alloy of the present disclosure can include nitrogen at up to about 0.08 wt% (or 0 wt%to about 0.08 wt%, or about 0 wt%to about 0.07 wt%, or about 0 wt%to about 0.06 wt%, or about 0.01 wt%to about 0.08 wt%, or about 0.01 wt%to about 0.07 wt%, or about 0.01 wt%to about 0.06 wt%, or about 0.01 wt%to about 0.05 wt%) , based on a total weight of the weldable hardfacing composition or hardfacing alloy. The weldable hardfacing composition or hardfacing alloy of the present disclosure may be devoid of nitrogen.
[0054] A weldable hardfacing composition or hardfacing alloy of the present disclosure can include impurities, cumulatively, at up to 0.05 wt% (or 0 wt%to about 0.05 wt%, or 0 wt%to about 0.01 wt%, or about 0.001 wt%to about 0.05 wt%) , based on a total weight of the weldable hardfacing composition or hardfacing alloy. Individually, an impurity may be present in a weldable hardfacing composition or hardfacing alloy of the present disclosure at up to about 0.015 wt% (or 0 wt%to about 0.015 wt%, or 0 wt%to about 0.01 wt%, or about 0.005 wt%to about 0.015 wt%) , based on a total weight of the weldable hardfacing composition or hardfacing alloy. Examples of impurities may include, but are not limited to, molybdenum, tungsten, zirconium, sulfur, phosphorous, and the like. A weldable hardfacing composition or hardfacing alloy of the present disclosure may be devoid of one or more of molybdenum, tungsten, zirconium, sulfur, and phosphorous.
[0055] The weldable hardfacing composition of the present disclosure can be welded to a surface, thereby forming the hardfacing alloy in a hardfacing deposit on said surface. Said hardfacing alloy is suitable for hardfacing industrial products with surfaces prone to abrasion. Advantageously, the hardfacing alloys of the present disclosure have a low coefficient of friction and excellent abrasion resistance. Therefore, in tool joints and stabilizers, an advantageous balance between minimizing casing wear and maximizing tool joint wear-resistance can be achieved.
[0056] Further, the hardfacing alloy, after deposition, can form a crack-free hardfacing deposit in single or double layers, when using preheat and post-weld cooling, for example, as subsequently set forth. Advantageously, the hardfacing alloy can form a hardfacing deposit over preexisting weld deposits, including hardbanding deposits.
[0057] The hardfacing alloys of the present disclosure, in an as-welded, undiluted condition, can have a Vickers hardness ranging from about 650 HV (58 HRC) to about 940 HV (68 HRC) (or about 700 HV (60 HRC) to about 940 HV (68 HRC) , or about 750 HV (62 HRC) to about 940 HV (68 HRC) , or about 800 HV (64 HRC) to about 940 HV (68 HRC) , or about 800 HV (64 HRC) to about 865 HV (66 HRC) ) . When welded in a single layer on a typical high-carbon steel, elements may diffuse between the hardfacing alloy and the surface resulting in a slightly different alloy composition that may have different properties than the undiluted hardfacing alloy. For example, when welded in a single layer on a typical high-carbon steel, the Vickers hardness of the hardfacing deposit produced form a weldable hardfacing composition of the present disclosure may reach about 800 HV (64 HRC) . Accordingly, the hardfacing alloys of the present disclosure, in an as-welded condition, which may be diluted or undiluted, may have a Vickers hardness ranging from about 650 HV (58 HRC) to about 940 HV (68 HRC) (or about 700 HV (60 HRC) to about 940 HV (68 HRC) , or about 750 HV (62 HRC) to about 940 HV (68 HRC) , or about 800 HV (64 HRC) to about 940 HV (68 HRC) , or about 800 HV (64 HRC) to about 865 HV (66 HRC) ) .
[0058] The hardfacing alloys of the present disclosure, in an as-welded, diluted condition, consisting of a single layer, can have a coefficient of friction (unitless) ranging from about 0.1 to about 0.4 (or about 0.1 to about 0.2, or about 0.2 to about 0.3, or about 0.3 to about 0.4) , which is measured according to API Standard 7CW and ASTM G77 testing.
[0059] The hardfacing alloys of the present disclosure, in an as-welded, diluted condition, consisting of a single layer, can have a wear loss ranging from about 0.1 g to about 0.3 g (or about 0.1 g to about 0.2 g, or about 0.2 g to about 0.3 g, or about 0.15 g to about 0.25 g, or about 0.16 g to about 0.27 g) , which is measured according to ASTM G65-16 (2021) Procedure A (wheel –200 rpm, abrasive –AFS 50-70 rounded silica sand, abrasive flow rate –330 g / min, normal force –30 pounds force) using the Dry Sand Rubber Wheel (DSRW) apparatus.
[0060] The bond strength between the hardfacing alloy and the substrate the hardfacing alloy is deposited on can be evaluated by cracking the substate so that the crack penetrates the hardfacing alloy. The degree of spalling (the loss of particles or pieces from a surface due to cracking) and separation between the hardfacing alloy and the substrate provides an indication of the bond strength. For example, a low bond strength would lead to the crack propagating along the bond between the hardfacing alloy and the substrate, whereas a high bond strength would lead to the crack penetrating the hardfacing alloy with little to no deflection from the crack propagation direction at the bond.
[0061] The hardfacing alloys of the present disclosure were evaluated for bond strength as described with a steel substrate. No spalling or separation was observed, which indicates a very strong bond strength between the hardfacing alloy and the substrate.
[0062] Methods and Products
[0063] The weldable hardfacing composition can be deposited by any suitable welding methods onto a surface to form a hardfacing deposit comprising the hardfacing alloy of the present disclosure.
[0064] Examples of welding methods can include, but are not limited to, self-shielded (open arc) welding methods, gas-shielded welding methods, submerged-arc welding methods, and the like. For gas-shielded welding methods, examples of gases may include, but are not limited to, carbon dioxide, argon, and mixtures thereof. An example of gas-shielded welding is cold metal transfer welding based on a short-circuiting transfer process. When a short circuit is detected, the weldable hardfacing composition is sufficiently far from the hardfacing deposit so that the hardfacing deposit cools between each drop of the weldable hardfacing composition being deposited. Such a welding method may produce a stronger and smoother hardfacing deposit. In some instance, preheating a surface before welding and / or slowly cooling the surface after welding is not needed when performing cold metal transfer welding.
[0065] Said surfaces may, for example, have a composition that includes steel (e.g., stainless steel, high-carbon steel, soft steel) , tungsten carbide, the like, or any mixture thereof.
[0066] The surfaces to which a hardfacing deposit may be added may be a portion of an article like a tool, an apparatus, a device, or other article, especially where the surface experiences metal to metal sliding or metal to silicious material sliding when in operation. Example tools may include, but are not limited to: drill pipe tool joints, heavy weight drill pipe tool joints, center wear pads, workstring tubing connections, drill pipe tube bodies, workstring tubing tube bodies, drill collars, stabilizers, earthmoving and dredging equipment, the like, and components thereof (e.g., bucket teeth, gravel pump parts, crusher hammers, conveyor chains, gear teeth, threads, pins, and the like. ) .
[0067] In one example, a metal-cored tubular wire used may be used with shielding gas, such as argon, for drill pipe tool joints, heavy weight drill pipe tool joints, center wear pads, workstring tubing connections, drill collars, stabilizers, and other tools.
[0068] In one example, a metal-cored, tubular wire used may be used without shielding gas, for drill pipe tool joints, heavy weight drill pipe tool joints, center wear pads, workstring tubing connections, stabilizers, drill collars, and other tools.
[0069] In yet another example, a metal-cored tubular wire may be used with or without shielding gas and with cold metal transfer for drill pipe tool joints, heavy weight drill pipe tool joints, center wear pads, workstring tubing connections, drill pipe tube bodies, workstring tubing tube bodies, drill collars, stabilizers, and other tools.
[0070] In another example, a flux-cored tubular wire may be used without gas shielding for forming hardfacing as a deposit on one or more surfaces of stabilizers.
[0071] In yet another example, tool joints (e.g., that connect together a drill pipe) have an internally threaded box for reception of a threaded pin member and a cylindrical outer surface. A hardfacing alloy of the present disclosure may be located on the cylindrical outer surface and / or on its pin member, which provides tool joint protection from silicious abrasions while remaining in the crack-free state. Also, stabilizers, which stabilize the drill pipe in the wellbore and casing, can be connected to a drill pipe. The stabilizer can have stabilizer ribs with a hardfacing alloy of the present disclosure thereon to mitigate wear of the stabilizer when contacted with the wellbore or casing. Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 2, a tool joint for drill pipe 10 is illustrated that has a box 12 at the end of the drilling pipe 14. The drilling pipe 14 is internally threaded at 16 that threadedly receives a pin 18 having co-acting threads 20 to the threads 16 so that the pin 18 can be threaded into box 12. The pin 18 forms the end of a drill pipe, such as 14, so that a string or joints of pipe can be threadedly secured together and disconnected for drilling oil, gas, and other wells.
[0072] The box 12 and the pin 18 are enlarged and have outer cylindrical surfaces 22 having an outer diameter greater than the outer diameter of the drill pipe 14 for deposit of the beads 24 of the hardfacing alloy to form the hardfacing deposit of the present disclosure.
[0073] Referring now to FIGS. 3 and 4 where the reference letter “a” has been added to reference numerals corresponding to those in FIGS. 1 and 2, the tool joint 10a of FIGS. 3 and 4 is identical to that of the tool joint 10 of FIGS. 1 and 2 except that it has a reduced cylindrical portion 26 formed by either the removal of a circumferential band of material from the outer cylindrical surfaces 20a of the box 12a and 22a of the pin 18a or was originally formed with these reduced diameter sections 20a and 22a, and the hardfacing alloy in beads 24a is welded in this space so that the surface of the welded hardfacing deposit is substantially flush with the outer cylindrical surface of the box 12a and the pin 18a.
[0074] Referring to FIG. 5, a stabilizer 30 according to the present disclosure is illustrated that has an elongated cylindrical or pipe-like body 32 having the pin 34 and box 36 for connection in a string of drill pipe (not shown) . The stabilizer 30 has stabilizer ribs 38 extending outwardly from the body 32 for stabilizing the drill pipe in a wellbore (not shown) . The surface of the stabilizer ribs 38 has beads 24b of the hardfacing alloy thereon to form the hardfacing deposit.
[0075] The methods of the present disclosure for prolonging the surface life of tool joints, stabilizers, and other industrial products comprise preheating said articles (or a surface thereof) to a temperature of about 100 ℃ (212 °F) to about 400 ℃ (752 °F) and then hardfacing by tubular wire (e.g., in open arc, gas-shielded, or submerged arc welding methods) to form beads 24, 24a, or 24b of the hardfacing alloy to the outer cylindrical surface 22 of the box 12 or of the pin 18 of the tool joints 10 (FIGS. 1, 2) , the outer cylindrical surface 20a of the box 12a or 22a of the pin 18a (FIGS. 3 and 4) and the stabilizer ribs 38 (FIG. 5) , and then cooling the preheated articles (or preheated portions thereof) slowly to ensure structural transformation of austenite to martensite. Normally, the single layers of the weld beads 24 of the hardfacing alloy are about 3 / 32 inch (three thirty-seconds of an inch) to about 5 / 32 inch (five thirty-seconds of an inch) thick without being detrimental to the alloy properties and can be deposited in single or double layers. If desired, the surfaces of the weld beads 24a can be substantially flush with the surface of the box 20a or of the pin 22a, and about 3 / 32 inch of material is removed.
[0076] More generally, the foregoing methods can be employed relative to a surface of any suitable article for welding a hardfacing alloy of the present disclosure to said surface as a hardfacing deposit.
[0077] The preheating temperature level is determined by the size of the components to be hard surfaced, as well as the nature of the base metal involved. In general terms, the larger the size and the higher the strength of the base metal, the higher the level of preheat required. Preheating can be carried out by any method and / or apparatus capable of ensuring a uniform and thorough thickness distribution of temperatures. The use of gas burners is the present most widespread method, though induction heating is also used. The control of the preheat temperature is carried out by pyrometric techniques such as thermo-crayons (least sophisticated method) , contact thermocouples, or infrared noncontact devices. Induction heating is a more elaborate and expensive applicable method. The control of cooling down is achieved in a very simple way, by wrapping of the hard surfaced component in a thermally insulating blanket or placing it in a canister. Examples of preheating temperature ranges for various sizes and base materials are set forth in the following Examples 1 and 2.
[0078] EXAMPLE 1
[0079] Preheating temperatures typically range from around 100 ℃ to around 400 ℃.
[0080] For hardfacing drill pipe tool joints, heavy weight drill pipe tool joints, center wear pads, and workstring tubing connections, the preferred preheat temperature range is set forth in the following Table 5.
[0081] Table 5
[0082] “About” modifies the values Table 5.
[0083] EXAMPLE 2
[0084] For hardfacing drill collars, the preferred preheat temperature range is set forth in the following Table 6.
[0085] Table 6
[0086] “About” modifies the values Table 6.
[0087] The foregoing examples are representative of preheat temperatures for the applications set forth and serve as examples for other preheat temperatures depending on the size of the components to be hardfaced and the nature of the base material which can be determined by simple experimentation.
[0088] It is preferable that the preheat temperature be measured with a contact electronic pyrometer, although other temperature measuring methods and / or instruments may be employed, such as two tempstiks (thermal crayons) , all of which are readily available on the open market.
[0089] When using cold metal transfer, little to no preheat may be necessary before applying the hardfacing alloy.
[0090] Referring now to FIG. 9, an electromagnetic induction coil 40 is useful in the preheating system. The box 12 or 12a and pin 18 or 18a of the tool joint 10 or 10a of the drill pipe 14 or 14a or the stabilizer 30 are placed into the electromagnetic induction coil 40 for receiving electrical energy or power through the lines 42 from the electrical power source 44. These electromagnetic indication coils are readily available on the open market, and no more description thereof is deemed necessary or given.
[0091] Referring now to FIG. 10, a gas torch 46 for the preheating system is illustrated which includes a torch wand 47 supplied oxygen and propane through the lines 48 and 50 from the oxygen gas bottle 52 and propane bottle 54. The torch 46 is handheld and the flames from the torch wand 47 preheat the box or pin or stabilizer to be welded.
[0092] The cooling conditions after welding the layer of hardfacing alloy to the weld surface should be slow enough to ensure the optimal rate of structural transformation from austenite to martensite. Such a slow rate of cooling is achieved by wrapping the surface of the alloy weld with an insulating blanket immediately after completion of welding and permitting further cooling in still air to ambient temperature. Such a thermal blanket is an off-shelf item and commercially available on the market.
[0093] A slow rate of cooling can also be achieved using a canister illustrated in FIG. 11. The cylindrical canister 58 has a closed end 60 of a size so that the welded box 12 of the tool joint 10 can be inserted. The closed end 60 prevents flow of air through the drill pipe 14 and ensures that a slow cool down in still air takes place. While not shown, the preheated and welded pin member 20 of the tool joint 10 can be cooled down in the same way. The canister 58 is formed of mild steel. The canisters 58 are readily available on the open market, and no further description thereof is given or deemed necessary.
[0094] When using cold metal transfer, slow-cooling may not be necessary after applying the hardfacing alloy to achieve the same or even improved metallurgical properties.
[0095] Referring now to FIG. 6, a tubular butt seam wire having a sheath 61 and a core 63 of the weldable hardfacing composition of the present disclosure is illustrated. In FIG. 7, a tubular overlap joint seam wire having a sheath 61a and a core 63a is illustrated. In both cored tubular wires, the cores 63 and 63a can be completely metallic powders (called metal-cored) or a mixture of metal and mineral powders (called flux-cored) . In each case, the cored powders with the sheath form a wire of the weldable hardfacing composition of the present invention. The cumulative composition of the core and sheath form the composition of the weldable hardfacing composition. Since cored wires are well-known in the art and trade, no further description is given thereof or deemed necessary.
[0096] After long periods in service where abrasion by earth materials or silicious or other materials may abrade away an area of a hardfacing deposit, an additional hardfacing deposit of the hardfacing alloy of the present disclosure may be applied as indicated above without essential damage to the box 12 or pin 20 of the tool joint 10 and on the stabilizer ribs 38 of the stabilizer 30.
[0097] Referring now to FIG. 8, schematically illustrating an apparatus useful in the method of the invention, the apparatus 64 includes a reel 66, a cored wire 61 (or 61a) wound around it, driven by the wire drive motor 68 through the guide tube 70 to the industrial product 72 to be hardfaced. A direct current, constant voltage power source 74 provides electrical energy through the electrical power cable 76 to the industrial product 72, and by the electric power cable 80 to the voltmeter 82 and the voltage control 84. The electric cable 85 provides a voltage supply to the voltmeter 82 and then through the electrode power cable 86 to the guide tube 70 and to the cored wire 61 (or 61a) .
[0098] When desired, gas shielding can be used. Gas shielding is illustrated diagrammatically by the gas shielding source 90 through the gas tube 92 to the control switch and to the guide tube to provide shielding for electrodes requiring it.
[0099] No more description is given or deemed necessary of apparatus for welding the wire 61 (or 61a) to a surface to be hardfaced, thereby forming a hardfacing deposit of the hardfacing alloy of the present disclosure, as such apparatus is well-known to those skilled in the art.
[0100] While the present invention is particularly suited for hardfacing articles like drill pipe tool joints, heavy weight drill pipe tool joints, center wear pads, workstring tubing connections, drill pipe tube bodies, workstring tube bodies, drill collars, and stabilizers, it may be applied to any surface requiring hardfacing, such as structural members, process components, abrasion resistant plates, and the like.
[0101] While presently preferred embodiments of the invention have been given for the purposes of disclosure, changes may be made within the spirit of the invention as defined by the scope of the appended claims.
[0102] Example Embodiments
[0103] Embodiment 1. A weldable hardfacing composition comprising: about 0.75 wt%to about 0.95 wt%carbon, about 2.3 wt%to about 2.8 wt%boron, 0 wt%to about 0.5 wt%manganese, 0 wt%to about 0.7 wt%silicon, about 6.5 wt%to about 7 wt%chromium, about 3 wt%to about 3.9 wt%niobium, 0 wt%to about 0.25 wt%, cumulatively, of one or more of: scandium, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and aluminum, 0 wt%to about 0.08 wt%nitrogen, 0 wt%to about 0.05 wt%total impurities, and a balance iron, wherein each wt%is based on a total weight of the weldable hardfacing composition.
[0104] Embodiment 2. The weldable hardfacing composition of Embodiment 1 comprising: about 0.85 wt%to about 0.95 wt%carbon, about 2.6 wt%to about 2.8 wt%boron, about 0.1 wt%to about 0.4 wt%manganese, about 0.4 wt%to about 0.7 wt%silicon, about 6.6 wt%to about 7 wt%chromium, about 3.3 wt%to about 3.7 wt%niobium, about 0.1 wt%to about 0.25 wt%, cumulatively, of one or more of: scandium, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and aluminum, 0 wt%to about 0.08 wt%nitrogen, 0 wt%to about 0.05 wt%total impurities, and a balance iron, wherein each wt%is based on a total weight of the weldable hardfacing composition.
[0105] Embodiment 3. The weldable hardfacing composition of Embodiment 1 comprising: about 0.75 wt%to about 0.85 wt%carbon, about 2.4 wt%to about 2.6 wt%boron, about 0.3 wt%to about 0.5 wt%manganese, about 0.3 wt%to about 0.5 wt%silicon, about 6.5 wt%to about 6.8 wt%chromium, about 3.3 wt%to about 3.6 wt%niobium, 0 wt%to about 0.25 wt%, cumulatively, of one or more of: scandium, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and aluminum, 0 wt%to about 0.08 wt%nitrogen, 0 wt%to about 0.05 wt%total impurities, and a balance iron, wherein each wt%is based on a total weight of the weldable hardfacing composition.
[0106] Embodiment 4. An article comprising: a surface; and a hardfacing deposit formed from the weldable hardfacing composition of any one of Embodiments 1-3 welded to the surface; wherein the hardfacing deposit, after dilutions, has a Vickers hardness from about 650 HV to about 940 HV.
[0107] Embodiment 5. The article of Embodiment 4, wherein the hardfacing deposit has a coefficient of friction from about 0.1 to about 0.4.
[0108] Embodiment 6. The article of Embodiment 4 or 5, wherein the hardfacing deposit has a wear loss from about 0.1 g to about 0.3 g.
[0109] Embodiment 7. An industrial product having a surface subject to abrasion comprising a hardfacing deposit formed from the weldable hardfacing composition of any one of Embodiments 1-3 welded to the surface of the industrial product subject to such abrasion.
[0110] Embodiment 8. The industrial product of Embodiment 7 comprising, a stabilizer having a cylindrical body and an internally threaded box and an externally threaded pin for connection in a string of drill pipe, stabilizer ribs having outer surfaces subject to the abrasion extending from an outer surface of the cylindrical body effective to stabilize the string of drill pipe in a wellbore, and wherein the surface subject to such abrasion is the outer surfaces subject to the abrasion.
[0111] Embodiment 9. A tool joint for connecting together drill pipe, the tool joint having a cylindrical body, an internally threaded box which has an outer cylindrical surface of a diameter greater than the drill pipe, and an externally threaded pin including, at least one hardfacing deposit formed from the weldable hardfacing composition of any one of Embodiments 1-3 welded to the outer cylindrical surface of one or both of the box or pin, thereby providing surface resistance to abrasion by silicious materials.
[0112] Embodiment 10. The tool joint of Embodiment 9, wherein the outer cylindrical surface of one or both the box or pin has a reduced diameter portion extending along a substantial portion of its length, and the hardfacing deposit is welded to the reduced diameter portion of one or both the box or the pin.
[0113] Embodiment 11. A method of prolonging the life of an industrial product subject to abrasion from silicious materials comprising, welding the weldable hardfacing composition of any one of Embodiments 1-3 to one or more surfaces of the industrial product subject to the abrasion to form a hardfacing deposit on the one or more surfaces.
[0114] Embodiment 12. A method of prolonging the life of an industrial product having one or more components with surfaces subjected to abrasive wear from silicious particles comprising: preheating the one or more components, welding the weldable hardfacing composition of any one of Embodiments 1-3 to the surface of the one or more components, thereby forming a hardfacing deposit on the surface, cooling down the one or more components having the hardfacing deposit thereon, wherein after cooling the hardfacing deposit is free of cracks.
[0115] Embodiment 13. The method of Embodiment 12 where, the industrial product surfaces subjected to abrasive wear are selected from the group consisting of box and pin members of drill pipe tool joints and stabilizers.
[0116] Embodiment 14. A method of prolonging the life of a tool joint connecting together drill pipe, the tool joint having a connectable threaded box having an outer cylindrical portion and an inner connecting pin and an outer cylindrical portion adjacent thereto, the method comprising: preheating at least one of the outer cylindrical portion of the box or of the pin or both to a temperature of about 100 ℃ to about 400 ℃, welding the weldable hardfacing composition of any one of Embodiments 1-3 to the outer cylindrical portion of one or both of the box and pin while at the preheating temperature of about 100 ℃ to about 400 ℃, thereby forming a hardfacing deposit, and cooling down the outer cylindrical portion to which the hardfacing deposit is present on one or both of the box or pin, wherein after cooling the hardfacing deposit is resistant to abrasive wear of silicious materials.
[0117] Embodiment 15. The method of Embodiment 14, wherein the threaded box has a diameter greater than the drill pipe and a recessed portion in the outer cylindrical box, wherein the hardfacing deposit is present on the recessed portion in the outer cylindrical portion substantially along its length and substantially flush with the outer surface of the threaded box.
[0118] Embodiment 16. The method of Embodiment 14, wherein the threaded pin has a diameter greater than the drill pipe and a recessed portion in the outer cylindrical portion of the pin, wherein the hardfacing deposit is present on the recessed portion in the outer cylindrical portion substantially along its length and substantially flush with the outer surface of the threaded box.
[0119] Embodiment 17. The method of any one of Embodiments 14-16, wherein the welding of the weldable hardfacing composition is by open arc welding, gas-shielded welding, or submerged arc tubular wire welding.
[0120] Embodiment 18. The method of any one of Embodiments 14-17, wherein the welding of the weldable hardfacing composition is by cold metal transfer welding.
[0121] Embodiment 19. A method comprising: welding a weldable hardfacing composition to a surface, thereby forming a hardfacing deposit, wherein the weldable hardfacing composition comprises: about 0.75 wt%to about 0.95 wt%carbon, about 2.3 wt%to about 2.8 wt%boron, 0 wt%to about 0.5 wt%manganese, 0 wt%to about 0.7 wt%silicon, about 6.5 wt%to about 7 wt%chromium, about 3 wt%to about 3.9 wt%niobium, 0 wt%to about 0.25 wt%, cumulatively, of one or more of: scandium, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and aluminum, 0 wt%to about 0.08 wt%nitrogen, 0 wt%to about 0.05 wt%total impurities, and a balance iron, wherein each wt%is based on a total weight of the weldable hardfacing composition.
[0122] Embodiment 20. The method of Embodiment 19, wherein the weldable hardfacing composition comprises: about 0.85 wt%to about 0.95 wt%carbon, about 2.6 wt%to about 2.8 wt%boron, about 0.1 wt%to about 0.4 wt%manganese, about 0.4 wt%to about 0.7 wt%silicon, about 6.6 wt%to about 7 wt%chromium, about 3.3 wt%to about 3.7 wt%niobium, about 0.1 wt%to about 0.25 wt%, cumulatively, of one or more of: scandium, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and aluminum, 0 wt%to about 0.08 wt%nitrogen, 0 wt%to about 0.05 wt%total impurities, and a balance iron, wherein each wt%is based on a total weight of the weldable hardfacing composition.
[0123] Embodiment 21. The method of Embodiment 19, wherein the weldable hardfacing composition comprises: about 0.75 wt%to about 0.85 wt%carbon, about 2.4 wt%to about 2.6 wt%boron, about 0.3 wt%to about 0.5 wt%manganese, about 0.3 wt%to about 0.5 wt%silicon, about 6.5 wt%to about 6.8 wt%chromium, about 3.3 wt%to about 3.6 wt%niobium, 0 wt%to about 0.25 wt%, cumulatively, of one or more of: scandium, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and aluminum, 0 wt%to about 0.08 wt%nitrogen, 0 wt%to about 0.05 wt%total impurities, and a balance iron, wherein each wt%is based on a total weight of the weldable hardfacing composition.
[0124] Embodiment 22. The method of any one of Embodiments 19-21, wherein the welding of the weldable hardfacing composition is by cold metal transfer welding.
[0125] Embodiment 23. The method of Embodiment 22, wherein the method does not include one or both of (i) preheating the surface before welding and (ii) slowly cooling the surface after welding.
[0126] Embodiment 24. An article comprising: a surface having a hardfacing deposit thereon, the hardfacing deposit comprising a hardfacing alloy that comprises: about 0.75 wt%to about 0.95 wt%carbon, about 2.3 wt%to about 2.8 wt%boron, 0 wt%to about 0.5 wt%manganese, 0 wt%to about 0.7 wt%silicon, about 6.5 wt%to about 7 wt%chromium, about 3 wt%to about 3.9 wt%niobium, 0 wt%to about 0.25 wt%, cumulatively, of one or more of: scandium, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and aluminum, 0 wt%to about 0.08 wt%nitrogen, 0 wt%to about 0.05 wt%total impurities, and a balance iron, wherein each wt%is based on a total weight of the hardfacing alloy.
[0127] Embodiment 25. The article of Embodiment 24, wherein the hardfacing deposit comprises: about 0.85 wt%to about 0.95 wt%carbon, about 2.6 wt%to about 2.8 wt%boron, about 0.1 wt%to about 0.4 wt%manganese, about 0.4 wt%to about 0.7 wt%silicon, about 6.6 wt%to about 7 wt%chromium, about 3.3 wt%to about 3.7 wt%niobium, about 0.1 wt%to about 0.25 wt%, cumulatively, of one or more of: scandium, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and aluminum, 0 wt%to about 0.08 wt%nitrogen, 0 wt%to about 0.05 wt%total impurities, and a balance iron, wherein each wt%is based on a total weight of the weldable hardfacing composition.
[0128] Embodiment 26. The method of Embodiment 24, wherein the hardfacing deposit comprises: about 0.75 wt%to about 0.85 wt%carbon, about 2.4 wt%to about 2.6 wt%boron, about 0.3 wt%to about 0.5 wt%manganese, about 0.3 wt%to about 0.5 wt%silicon, about 6.5 wt%to about 6.8 wt%chromium, about 3.3 wt%to about 3.6 wt%niobium, 0 wt%to about 0.25 wt%, cumulatively, of one or more of: scandium, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and aluminum, 0 wt%to about 0.08 wt%nitrogen, 0 wt%to about 0.05 wt%total impurities, and a balance iron, wherein each wt%is based on a total weight of the weldable hardfacing composition.
[0129] Embodiment 27. The article of any one of Embodiments 24-26, wherein the surface is a previously formed hardfacing deposit.
[0130] Embodiment 28. The article of any one of Embodiments 24-27, wherein the surface is part of a drill pipe tool joint, a heavy-weight drill pipe tool joint, a center wear pad, a workstring tubing connection, a drill pipe tube body, a workstring tubing tube body, a drill collar, a stabilizer, earthmoving equipment, or dredging equipment.
[0131] Embodiment 29. The article of any one of Embodiments 24-28, wherein the hardfacing deposit has two layers.
[0132] Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, properties (e.g., hardness) , operational conditions (e.g., preheat temperature) , and the like used in the present disclosure and associated claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term “about. ” At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claim, the term “about” relative to each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques.
[0133] A range listed or described as being useful, suitable, or the like, is intended that any and every concentration within the range, including the end points, is to be considered as having been stated. For example, a range “from 1 to 10” is to be read as indicating each and every possible number along the continuum between about 1 and about 10. Thus, even if specific data points within the range, or even no data points within the range, are explicitly identified or refer to only a few specific data points, it is to be understood that inventors appreciate and understand that any and all data points within the range are to be considered to have been specified, and that inventors possessed knowledge of the entire range and all points within the range.
[0134] The term “and / or” refers to both the inclusive “and” case and the exclusive “or” case, and is used herein for brevity. For example, composition comprising vanadium and / or titanium encompasses a composition comprising vanadium and not titanium, a composition comprising titanium and not vanadium, and a composition comprising both vanadium and titanium.
[0135] A listing following “one or more of” or “at least one of” using “and” to connect the listing is intended in the alternative or conjunctive rather than the disjunctive. For example, “at least one of: A, B, and C” and “one or more of: A, B, and C” are each considered to disclose embodiments of A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B in combination, A and C in combination, B and C in combination, and all three of A, B, and C in combination.
[0136] While compositions, systems, and methods are described herein in terms of “comprising” various components or steps, the compositions, systems, and methods can also “consist essentially of” or “consist of” the various components and steps.
[0137] Illustrative embodiments of the invention are described herein. In the interest of clarity, not all features of an actual implementation are described in this specification. It will of course be appreciated that in the development of any such actual embodiment, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developer’s specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which will vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it will be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time-consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking for those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.
Claims
1.A weldable hardfacing composition comprising:about 0.75 wt%to about 0.95 wt%carbon,about 2.3 wt%to about 2.8 wt%boron,0 wt%to about 0.5 wt%manganese,0 wt%to about 0.7 wt%silicon,about 6.5 wt%to about 7 wt%chromium,about 3 wt%to about 3.9 wt%niobium,0 wt%to about 0.25 wt%, cumulatively, of one or more of: scandium, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and aluminum,0 wt%to about 0.08 wt%nitrogen,0 wt%to about 0.05 wt%total impurities, anda balance iron, wherein each wt%is based on a total weight of the weldable hardfacing composition.2.The weldable hardfacing composition of claim 1 comprising:about 0.85 wt%to about 0.95 wt%carbon,about 2.6 wt%to about 2.8 wt%boron,about 0.1 wt%to about 0.4 wt%manganese,about 0.4 wt%to about 0.7 wt%silicon,about 6.6 wt%to about 7 wt%chromium,about 3.3 wt%to about 3.7 wt%niobium,about 0.1 wt%to about 0.25 wt%, cumulatively, of one or more of: scandium, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and aluminum,0 wt%to about 0.08 wt%nitrogen,0 wt%to about 0.05 wt%total impurities, anda balance iron, wherein each wt%is based on a total weight of the weldable hardfacing composition.3.The weldable hardfacing composition of claim 1 comprising:about 0.75 wt%to about 0.85 wt%carbon,about 2.4 wt%to about 2.6 wt%boron,about 0.3 wt%to about 0.5 wt%manganese,about 0.3 wt%to about 0.5 wt%silicon,about 6.5 wt%to about 6.8 wt%chromium,about 3.3 wt%to about 3.6 wt%niobium,0 wt%to about 0.25 wt%, cumulatively, of one or more of: scandium, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and aluminum,0 wt%to about 0.08 wt%nitrogen,0 wt%to about 0.05 wt%total impurities, anda balance iron, wherein each wt%is based on a total weight of the weldable hardfacing composition.4.An article comprising:a surface; anda hardfacing deposit formed from the weldable hardfacing composition of any one of claims 1-3 welded to the surface;wherein the hardfacing deposit, after dilutions, has a Vickers hardness from about 650 HV to about 940 HV.5.The article of claim 4, wherein the hardfacing deposit has a coefficient of friction from about 0.1 to about 0.4.6.The article of claim 4 or 5, wherein the hardfacing deposit has a wear loss from about 0.1 g to about 0.3 g.7.An industrial product having a surface subject to abrasion comprising a hardfacing deposit formed from the weldable hardfacing composition of any one of claims 1-3 welded to the surface of the industrial product subject to such abrasion.8.The industrial product of claim 7 comprising, a stabilizer having a cylindrical body and an internally threaded box and an externally threaded pin for connection in a string of drill pipe, stabilizer ribs having outer surfaces subject to the abrasion extending from an outer surface of the cylindrical body effective to stabilize the string of drill pipe in a wellbore, and wherein the surface subject to such abrasion is the outer surfaces subject to the abrasion.9.A tool joint for connecting together drill pipe, the tool joint having a cylindrical body, an internally threaded box which has an outer cylindrical surface of a diameter greater than the drill pipe, and an externally threaded pin including, at least one hardfacing deposit formed from the weldable hardfacing composition of any one of claims 1-3 welded to the outer cylindrical surface of one or both of the box or pin, thereby providing surface resistance to abrasion by silicious materials.10.The tool joint of claim 9, wherein the outer cylindrical surface of one or both the box or pin has a reduced diameter portion extending along a substantial portion of its length, and the hardfacing deposit is welded to the reduced diameter portion of one or both the box or the pin.11.A method of prolonging the life of an industrial product subject to abrasion from silicious materials comprising, welding the weldable hardfacing composition of any one of claims 1-3 to one or more surfaces of the industrial product subject to the abrasion to form a hardfacing deposit on the one or more surfaces.12.A method of prolonging the life of an industrial product having one or more components with surfaces subjected to abrasive wear from silicious particles comprising:preheating the one or more components,welding the weldable hardfacing composition of any one of claims 1-3 to the surface of the one or more components, thereby forming a hardfacing deposit on the surface,cooling down the one or more components having the hardfacing deposit thereon, wherein after cooling the hardfacing deposit is free of cracks.13.The method of claim 12 where, the industrial product surfaces subjected to abrasive wear are selected from the group consisting of box and pin members of drill pipe tool joints and stabilizers.14.A method of prolonging the life of a tool joint connecting together drill pipe, the tool joint having a connectable threaded box having an outer cylindrical portion and an inner connecting pin and an outer cylindrical portion adjacent thereto, the method comprising:preheating at least one of the outer cylindrical portion of the box or of the pin or both to a temperature of about 100 ℃ to about 400 ℃,welding the weldable hardfacing composition of any one of claims 1-3 to the outer cylindrical portion of one or both of the box and pin while at the preheating temperature of about 100 ℃ to about 400 ℃, thereby forming a hardfacing deposit, andcooling down the outer cylindrical portion to which the hardfacing deposit is present on one or both of the box or pin, wherein after cooling the hardfacing deposit is resistant to abrasive wear of silicious materials.15.The method of claim 14, wherein the threaded box has a diameter greater than the drill pipe and a recessed portion in the outer cylindrical box, wherein the hardfacing deposit is present on the recessed portion in the outer cylindrical portion substantially along its length and substantially flush with the outer surface of the threaded box.16.The method of claim 14, wherein the threaded pin has a diameter greater than the drill pipe and a recessed portion in the outer cylindrical portion of the pin, wherein the hardfacing deposit is present on the recessed portion in the outer cylindrical portion substantially along its length and substantially flush with the outer surface of the threaded box.17.The method of any one of claims 14-16, wherein the welding of the weldable hardfacing composition is by open arc welding, gas-shielded welding, or submerged arc tubular wire welding.18.The method of any one of claims 14-17, wherein the welding of the weldable hardfacing composition is by cold metal transfer welding.19.A method comprising:welding a weldable hardfacing composition to a surface, thereby forming a hardfacing deposit, wherein the weldable hardfacing composition comprises:about 0.75 wt%to about 0.95 wt%carbon,about 2.3 wt%to about 2.8 wt%boron,0 wt%to about 0.5 wt%manganese,0 wt%to about 0.7 wt%silicon,about 6.5 wt%to about 7 wt%chromium,about 3 wt%to about 3.9 wt%niobium,0 wt%to about 0.25 wt%, cumulatively, of one or more of: scandium, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and aluminum,0 wt%to about 0.08 wt%nitrogen,0 wt%to about 0.05 wt%total impurities, anda balance iron, wherein each wt%is based on a total weight of the weldable hardfacing composition.20.The method of claim 19, wherein the welding of the weldable hardfacing composition is by cold metal transfer welding.21.The method of claim 20, wherein the method does not include one or both of (i) preheating the surface before welding and (ii) slowly cooling the surface after welding.22.An article comprising:a surface having a hardfacing deposit thereon, the hardfacing deposit comprising a hardfacing alloy that comprises:about 0.75 wt%to about 0.95 wt%carbon,about 2.3 wt%to about 2.8 wt%boron,0 wt%to about 0.5 wt%manganese,0 wt%to about 0.7 wt%silicon,about 6.5 wt%to about 7 wt%chromium,about 3 wt%to about 3.9 wt%niobium,0 wt%to about 0.25 wt%, cumulatively, of one or more of: scandium, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and aluminum,0 wt%to about 0.08 wt%nitrogen,0 wt%to about 0.05 wt%total impurities, anda balance iron, wherein each wt%is based on a total weight of the hardfacing alloy.23.The article of claim 22, wherein the surface is a previously formed hardfacing deposit.24.The article of claim 22 or 23, wherein the surface is part of a drill pipe tool joint, a heavy-weight drill pipe tool joint, a center wear pad, a workstring tubing connection, a drill pipe tube body, a workstring tubing tube body, a drill collar, a stabilizer, earthmoving equipment, or dredging equipment.25.The article of any one of claims 22-24, wherein the hardfacing deposit has two layers.