Adapter for detachably connecting a battery pack to a charger

Abstract

The invention relates to an adapter (2) with which a battery pack (3) can be detachably connected to a charger (4), comprising a device interface (5) for connecting the charger (4) and / or an electrical device, a battery pack interface (6) for connecting the battery pack (3), and a power line (9) that electrically connects the battery pack interface (6) and the device interface (5) so that an electrical charging current can flow from the charger (4) to the battery pack (3). According to the invention, the adapter (2) includes an electronic adapter unit (10) comprising an adapter charge controller (11) for controlling, monitoring, and / or terminating a charging process for charging the battery pack (3).

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to an adapter with which a battery pack can be detachably connected to a charger and / or an electrical device, in particular a power tool and / or garden tool. The adapter comprises a device interface for connecting the charger and / or the electrical device, a battery pack interface for connecting the battery pack, and a power line that electrically connects the battery pack interface and the device interface so that an electrical charging current can flow from the charger to the battery pack. The invention further relates to a system comprising a battery pack and such an adapter.

[0002] German patent DE 10 2004 052 505 A1 discloses an adapter device for battery chargers. This device comprises a coupling area for connection to the charger and a contact arrangement that carries a cable with at least two conductors. The cable terminates in a terminal with connections for incompatible batteries. The device also includes means for transmitting information and a coding means for transmitting this information to the charger.

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide an adapter and / or a system, in particular comprising at least one adapter and a battery pack, with which the disadvantages known from the prior art can be eliminated and / or with which several different battery packs and chargers, which are electronically incompatible with each other and / or have different electrical specifications, can be operated, in particular safely and / or reliably.

[0004] The problem is solved by an adapter and / or a system with the features of the independent patent claims.

[0005] An adapter is proposed that allows a battery pack to be detachably connected to a charger and / or an electrical device, particularly a power tool and / or garden equipment. The adapter features a device interface for detachable connection to a charger or electrical device. Additionally, it includes a battery pack interface for connecting the battery pack. This interface provides a mechanical and / or electronic connection between the battery pack and the adapter, ensuring reliable power transmission. The adapter includes a power cable that electrically connects the battery pack interface and the device interface, allowing charging current to flow from the charger to the battery pack during normal use.The adapter includes an electronic adapter unit, preferably featuring an adapter charge controller for controlling, monitoring, and / or terminating the charging process of a battery pack. The adapter charge controller ensures precise control of the charging process, increasing safety and extending the battery pack's lifespan. Advantageously, electronically incompatible battery packs and chargers can be operated safely and efficiently via the adapter. This increases compatibility and reduces the need for multiple chargers, thereby reducing costs and space requirements. The adapter enables flexible and efficient use of battery packs with various devices, resulting in greater user-friendliness and versatility.

[0006] It is advantageous if the electronic adapter unit is electrically connected to the device interface, particularly via at least one connection cable, and / or electrically connected to the battery pack interface, particularly via at least one connection cable. This enables flexible and efficient data communication between the adapter components and / or between the adapter itself and the battery pack and charger connected to it during intended use.

[0007] InIn an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the electronic adapter unit comprises an identification unit with which, in intended use, a charger connected to the device interface and / or a battery pack connected to the battery pack interface can be identified, in particular on the basis of a device-specific and / or battery pack-specific identification value. This identification unit thus enables automatic recognition of the connected devices.

[0008] It is advantageous if the identification unit is designed in such a way that it can automatically recognize when a charger is connected to the device interface and / or a battery pack is connected to the battery pack interface during intended use. This reduces manual effort and leads to seamless and convenient use.

[0009] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the identification unit is designed such that it can determine, request, receive, and / or tap the device-specific and / or battery pack-specific identification value during intended use via the first connecting line, the second connecting line, and / or the power line, in particular independently. This capability of the identification unit enables precise and reliable identification of the connected charger and the connected battery pack.

[0010] Furthermore, it is advantageous if the device-specific and / or battery pack-specific identification value is a device-specific and / or battery pack-specific measured value. The measured value is preferably a resistance value of an electrical resistance of the charger and / or the battery pack. Additionally or alternatively, the measured value can be a current value of the charger and / or the battery pack. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the identification unit is designed such that it can determine, in particular measure and / or record, the device-specific and / or battery pack-specific measured value during intended use, in particular independently.

[0011] Furthermore, it is advantageous if the device-specific and / or battery pack-specific identification value is a bit sequence and / or an electrical signal, in particular a shutdown signal, from the charger and / or battery pack connected to the device interface. It is proposed that the identification unit be advantageously designed to request, receive, and / or intercept the bit sequence and / or electrical signal of the charger and / or battery pack during normal use. Acquiring these signals ensures secure and reliable communication between the devices. This increases the operational safety and reliability of the system.

[0012] Furthermore, it is advantageous if the identification unit is designed such that, during intended use, it can compare the device-specific and / or battery pack-specific identification value of the connected charger and / or battery pack with multiple device identifiers of different chargers and / or battery packs, preferably stored in a database of a data storage system. In this context, it is advantageous if the identification unit can identify the connected charger and / or battery pack when the identification value matches the device identifier. This comparison function enables precise identification of the devices. This increases the safety and compatibility of the system.

[0013] It is advantageous if the database and / or data storage is updateable, especially via a data interface to which an external device can be connected for the update process.

[0014] It is advantageous if the electronic adapter unit includes an authentication unit that allows the adapter to authenticate itself to the connected charger and / or battery pack during intended use, particularly using a device-specific and / or battery pack-specific authentication value. This authentication unit ensures the adapter can be used with different chargers and battery packs.

[0015] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the authentication unit is designed such that, during intended use, it can determine, and in particular select, the device-specific and / or battery pack-specific authentication value of the connected charger and / or battery pack based on the device identifier that matches the device-specific and / or battery pack-specific identification value. This enables fast and reliable authentication. The device-specific authentication value is preferably stored together with the corresponding device identifier in the database of the data storage device.

[0016] Advantageously, the authentication unit is designed in such a way that, in its intended use, it can transmit the determined device-specific and / or battery pack-specific authentication value, in particular via the first connecting line and / or second connecting line, to the connected charger and / or the connected battery pack in order to authenticate the adapter with the connected charger and / or the connected battery pack.

[0017] Furthermore, it is advantageous if the electronic adapter unit includes a charging parameter unit that, during intended use, can determine and / or set at least one charging parameter for the charging process of the connected battery pack. The charging parameter unit enables optimal adaptation of the charging process to the specific requirements of the battery pack and / or charger. This improves the efficiency and safety of the charging process.

[0018] It is advantageous if the charging parameter is a charging method, in particular a constant current charging method, a constant voltage charging method, and / or a pulse charging method. Selecting the appropriate charging method can extend the battery pack's service life. Additionally or alternatively, it is advantageous if the charging parameter is a cut-off criterion, in particular a final charging voltage, a cut-off temperature, a cut-off cell pressure, and / or a cut-off voltage profile. Additionally or alternatively, it is advantageous if the charging parameter is a maximum charging current and / or a maximum charging voltage. Additionally or alternatively, it is advantageous if the charging parameter is an internal resistance of at least one cell in the battery pack. This contributes to optimizing the overall system's performance.

[0019] It is advantageous if the charging parameter unit is designed in such a way that it can determine and / or set at least one charging parameter based on at least one battery pack-specific parameter of the connected battery pack and / or based on at least one device-specific charger parameter of the connected charger. This adaptation to the specific parameters of the connected devices ensures an efficient and safe charging environment. As a result, the charging process is optimally tailored to the respective characteristics of the charger and / or battery pack.

[0020] It is advantageous if the charger parameter is a charging current and / or a charging voltage and / or a first charge controller characteristic of a charger-charge controller. A charge controller characteristic could be, for example, the presence of a charger-charge controller, the behavior of the charger-charge controller (master or slave), a mathematical charge controller model of the charger-charge controller, and / or a charging method used by the charger-charge controller. Considering these charger parameters enables precise control of the charging process by the adapter-charge controller. This leads to improved charging performance and device safety.

[0021] Furthermore, it is advantageous if the battery pack parameter is a cell type, a number of cells, and / or a cell configuration. Additionally or alternatively, it is advantageous if the battery pack parameter is a state parameter, in particular a cell capacity, a cell temperature, a cell voltage, a state of charge, and / or a voltage difference between at least two cells. Additionally or alternatively, it is advantageous if the battery pack parameter is a discharge cut-off voltage and / or a second charge controller characteristic of a battery pack charge controller. A second charge controller characteristic of the connected battery pack charge controller could, for example, be the presence of a battery pack charge controller, the behavior of the battery pack charge controller (master or slave), and / or a charging method used by the battery pack charge controller. Determining these parameters enables detailed monitoring and control of the charging process by the adapter charge controller.This helps to optimize charging conditions and protects the battery pack from overcharging and overheating.

[0022] Furthermore, it is advantageous if the charging parameter unit is designed such that, during intended use, it can determine, and in particular select, the at least one battery pack parameter and / or charger parameter based on the device identifier that matches the device-specific and / or battery pack-specific identification value. It is advantageous if the at least one battery pack-specific parameter and / or the at least one device-specific charger parameter is preferably stored together with the corresponding device identifier in the data storage database. Storing these values ​​enables a quick and reliable adaptation of the charging process to the specific requirements of the connected battery pack and charger. This increases the efficiency and safety of the charging process.

[0023] It is advantageous if the charging parameter unit is designed in such a way that, in its intended use, it can receive at least one battery pack-specific parameter and / or device-specific charger parameter, in particular via the first connecting line and / or second connecting line. InIn this context, it is advantageous if the charging parameter unit is designed such that, during intended use, it can independently determine, and in particular measure, at least one battery pack-specific parameter and / or device-specific charger parameter via the first and / or second connecting cable. Additionally or alternatively, it is advantageous if the charging parameter unit is designed such that, during intended use, it can request and / or receive at least one battery pack-specific parameter and / or device-specific charger parameter from the connected device via the first and / or second connecting cable.Additionally or alternatively, it is advantageous if the charging parameter unit is designed such that, during intended use, it can access at least one battery pack-specific parameter and / or device-specific charger parameter via the first and / or second connecting line. This ability to determine at least one battery pack parameter and / or charger parameter enables adjustment and continuous monitoring of the charging process. This contributes to improved safety, charging efficiency, and extended battery pack lifespan.

[0024] Furthermore, it is advantageous if the charging parameter unit is designed in such a way that, during intended use, it can transmit at least one charging parameter to the adapter charge controller and / or initialize the adapter charge controller. This transmission and / or initialization ensures safe and precise control of the charging process by the adapter charge controller. This results in optimal charging performance and safe handling of the battery packs.

[0025] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the adapter charge controller is designed such that, during intended use, it can control, monitor, and / or terminate the charging process of the connected battery pack, taking into account at least one charging parameter. This enables controlled and efficient execution of the charging process. As a result, the charging time is reduced and safety is increased.

[0026] It is advantageous if the adapter charge controller is designed in such a way that it can determine, measure, request, receive, and / or access at least one battery pack-specific parameter and / or device-specific charger parameter, particularly before or during the charging process, especially via the first and / or second connecting cable and / or independently. This ensures continuous monitoring and adaptation of the charging process to the current conditions. This maximizes charging efficiency and ensures the safety of the charging process.

[0027] Furthermore, it is advantageous if the adapter for acquiring at least one battery pack parameter and / or charger parameter includes at least one adapter sensing device, in particular a sensor and / or a measuring element. This adapter sensing device enables precise and reliable monitoring of the charging conditions, especially the charging current and / or charging voltage. This contributes to optimizing the charging process and preventing damage to the battery pack.

[0028] It is proposed that the adapter charge controller be designed such that, during intended use, it can define and / or transmit a target charging current and / or voltage to the charger, particularly depending on at least one battery pack parameter and / or charger parameter – preferably transmitted by the charging parameter unit and / or determined by the adapter charge controller. This function enables precise control of the charging process, thereby increasing its efficiency and safety.

[0029] It is advantageous if the adapter charge controller is designed in such a way that, when the connected battery pack does not include a battery pack charge controller in its intended use, it controls and / or regulates the charging current and / or the charging voltage and / or acts as the master in the system.

[0030] It is advantageous if the adapter charge controller is designed such that, when the connected battery pack includes a battery pack charge controller during normal use, it adopts and / or sets the charging current and / or voltage requested by the battery pack charge controller as the target charging current and / or voltage, preferably unchanged, and / or acts as a slave to the battery pack charge controller. This ensures precise coordination between the battery pack and the adapter, which increases the efficiency of the charging process. This extends the battery pack's lifespan and improves the safety of the charging process.

[0031] Furthermore, it is advantageous if the electronic adapter unit includes a translator unit, particularly one located downstream of the adapter charge controller in the direction of the charger. The translator unit acts as a translator for the charger's charge controller. The translator unit ensures that the charger's charge controller receives an input such that it provides the charging current and / or charging voltage required by the adapter charge controller.

[0032] In this context, it is advantageous if the translator unit is designed in such a way that, in its intended use, particularly when the connected charger includes a charger-charge controller, it translates the target charging current and / or the target charging voltage transmitted by the adapter-charge controller into an adapted battery pack parameter based on the device-specific charge controller feature of the charger-charge controller, in particular based on the device-specific charge controller model of the charger-charge controller, such that an actual charging current and / or an actual charging voltage supplied by the charger-charge controller to the battery pack corresponds to the target charging current and / or the target charging voltage specified by the adapter-charge controller.Furthermore, the translator unit is preferably designed to transmit the adapted battery pack parameters to the charger / charge controller. This adaptation enables the charger / charge controller to operate as desired by the adapter / charge controller and / or as required by the battery pack.

[0033] It is proposed that the translator unit be designed such that, during intended use, it can determine, and in particular select, the device-specific charge controller characteristic, especially the device-specific charge controller model, of the connected charger based on the device identifier that matches the device-specific identification value. For this purpose, the device-specific charge controller characteristic, especially the device-specific charge controller model, is preferably stored together with the corresponding device identifier in the data storage database. This ability for automatic selection and adaptation increases the flexibility and efficiency of the adapter. This enables compatibility with a wide variety of chargers.

[0034] It is advantageous if the electronic adapter unit includes the data storage unit with the database stored therein. Consequently, the data storage unit is preferably integrated into the adapter. The data storage unit enables the fast and reliable storage and retrieval of the relevant data. This contributes to improved system performance. Alternatively, the data storage unit can also be located externally to the adapter and / or constitute an additional element of the system. In this case, the adapter has a data interface, in particular a wired or wireless interface, through which it can communicate with the data storage unit.

[0035] Furthermore, it is advantageous if the database, particularly in list form, stores the respective device characteristics along with the corresponding device-specific and / or battery pack-specific data for a large number of different chargers and / or battery packs. This comprehensive data collection enables, in particular, the rapid identification and adjustment of at least one charging parameter.

[0036] It is advantageous if the adapter charge controller is designed in such a way that, during intended use, it can switch and / or control an adapter switch, in particular a MOSFET and / or flyback converter, taking into account at least one device-specific charger parameter and / or battery pack-specific battery pack parameter, especially to reduce and / or interrupt the actual charging current and / or the actual charging voltage. The adapter switch enables precise control of the charging process, thereby preventing overcharging and overheating. This contributes to the safety and longevity of the battery pack.

[0037] It is advantageous if the adapter includes an adapter switch, preferably located in the power line. This placement within the power line allows for effective control of the charging current and / or voltage. This improves charging efficiency and increases system safety.

[0038] Furthermore, it is advantageous if the adapter has an indicator to show the battery pack's charge level and / or a switch to turn the indicator on and / or off. This indicator allows the user to easily monitor the charge level, increasing user-friendliness and providing information about the battery pack's current status.

[0039] Advantageously, the adapter includes at least one electronic component, in particular a microcontroller and / or integrated circuit, which forms the adapter unit and / or the data storage.

[0040] It is advantageous if the adapter unit includes a UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter) microcontroller. The UART microcontroller enables efficient and reliable communication between the various system components. This improves the overall performance and integration of the adapter.

[0041] Furthermore, a system comprising an adapter and a battery pack, preferably also including a charger, is proposed. The adapter and / or the battery pack is designed according to the preceding description, whereby the aforementioned features can be present individually or in any combination. This system offers a flexible and versatile solution for various charging requirements. This increases the system's compatibility and efficiency.

[0042] It is further proposed that a battery pack be used in a system. The battery pack and the system are preferably designed and / or used according to the preceding description, whereby the aforementioned features can be present individually or in any combination.

[0043] Furthermore, a method for operating an adapter and / or a system according to the preceding description is proposed, wherein the aforementioned method features may be present individually or in any combination.

[0044] Further advantages of the invention are described in the following exemplary embodiments. These show: Figure 1 an adapter for the detachable connection of a battery pack to an electrical device in intended use in a first embodiment of a system with a battery pack without a battery pack charge controller and a charger without a charger charge controller as a schematic block diagram, Figure 2 the adapter Figure 1 for the detachable connection of a battery pack to an electrical device in intended use in a second embodiment of a system with a battery pack without a battery pack charge controller and a charger with charger-charge controller as a schematic block diagram, Figure 3the adapter Figure 1 and 2 for the detachable connection of a battery pack to an electrical device in intended use in a third embodiment of a system with a battery pack with battery pack charge controller and a charger without charger charge controller as a schematic block diagram and Figure 4 the adapter Figure 1 , 2 and 3 for the detachable connection of a battery pack to an electrical device in intended use in a fourth embodiment of a system with a battery pack with battery pack charge controller and a charger with charger charge controller as a schematic block diagram.

[0045] In the Figure 1 , 2 , 3 and 4An adapter 2 is shown, which serves to detachably connect a battery pack 3 to a charger 4. The adapter 2 enables a flexible and secure connection between different chargers 4 and different battery packs 3 that are electronically incompatible with each other. As shown in the figures, the adapter 2 is, in its intended use, part of a system 1, in particular a charging system. Figure 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 Figure 1 shows four embodiments of the system 1, in which the design of the battery pack 3 and the charger 4 varies, but the adapter 2 remains unchanged.

[0046] System 1 comprises, according to the Figure 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 a battery pack 3 coupled with adapter 1 during intended use. Furthermore, system 1 comprises according to the Figure 1 , 2 , 3 and 4a charger 4 coupled with the adapter 1 during intended use. The adapter 2 is designed to safely and reliably charge a large number of different battery packs 3 with a large number of different chargers 4, which may not be electronically compatible with each other.

[0047] In the illustrated embodiments, the charger 4 comprises a charger control unit 29. Furthermore, the charger 4 comprises, in the embodiments shown, Figure 2 and 4 The illustrated embodiments include a charger-charge controller 20. The charger-charge controller 20 is part of the charger control unit 29. Typically, chargers 4 with an integrated charger-charge controller 20 act as the master in a charging process, and their corresponding battery packs 3 act as the subordinate slave. However, there are also examples in the present case that... Figure 1 and 3The illustrated embodiment of chargers 4 does not have an integrated charger-charge controller 20. In such cases, the charger-charge controller 20 is usually integrated into the corresponding battery pack 3, as shown in the Figures 3 and 4 that is the case.

[0048] In the Figures 1 to 4In the illustrated embodiments, the battery pack 3 comprises at least one accumulator 24. Furthermore, the battery pack 3 includes a battery pack protection controller 28, a battery pack switch 26, in particular a MOSFET, and / or a battery pack sensing device 27, in particular a sensor. The current state of the battery pack 3, in particular of the accumulator 24, can be detected via the battery pack sensing device 27. Accordingly, battery pack parameters, in particular variable ones, such as the temperature, the capacity, the charging current, the charging voltage and / or the state of charge and / or the voltage of individual cells and / or the internal resistance of individual cells, can be detected.The battery pack protection controller 28 is designed such that, in its intended use, it switches, in particular opens, and / or controls the battery pack switch 26 to interrupt and / or reduce a current flow when a state parameter detected by the at least one battery pack detection device 27 exceeds and / or falls below a battery pack parameter. This protects the at least one accumulator 24. Alternatively, in an embodiment not shown here, the battery pack 3 can also be configured without a battery pack protection controller 28, battery pack switch 26, and / or battery pack detection device 27.

[0049] Furthermore, the battery pack includes 3 in the Figure 3 and 4The illustrated embodiments include a battery pack charge controller 25, which can control, monitor, and / or terminate the charging process of the battery pack 3. Typically, battery packs 3 equipped with such a battery pack charge controller 25 act as the master in a charging process. The charger 4 then acts as a subordinate slave. In such battery packs 3, the battery pack protection controller 28 and the battery pack charge controller 25 are usually combined in a battery management system (BMS). However, there are also, in the present example, Figure 1 and 2 The illustrated embodiments of battery packs 3 do not have an integrated battery pack charge controller 25. In such cases, the battery pack charge controller 25 is usually integrated into the corresponding charger 4, as is the case with the ones shown in Figure 2 and 4 the illustrated exemplary embodiments apply.

[0050] Accordingly, the following different device configurations or systems 1 result, in particular charging systems: a) Battery pack 3 without battery pack charge controller 25 + charger 4 without charger charge controller 20, as in Figure 1 shown; b) Battery pack 3 without battery pack charge controller 25 + charger 4 with charger charge controller 20, as shown in Figure 2 shown; c) Battery pack 3 with battery pack charge controller 25 + charger 4 without charger charge controller 20, as shown in Figure 3 shown; d) Battery pack 3 with battery pack charge controller 25 + charger 4 with charger charge controller 20, as shown in Figure 4 depicted.

[0051] Referring to the Figure 1 , 2 , 3 and 4The adapter 2 includes a device interface 5, which is intended for connection to the charger 4. An electrical device (not shown here), in particular an electric tool and / or garden tool, can also be connected to and operated via this device interface 5. The device interface 5 ensures a stable and reliable connection. This guarantees consistent power transmission. The device interface 5 is electronically and / or mechanically corresponding and compatible with a device interface 7 of the charger 4.

[0052] Additionally, the adapter 2 has a battery pack interface 6, which is used to connect a battery pack 3. The battery pack interface 6 enables safe and easy handling when inserting and removing the battery pack 3. This makes the charging process efficient and user-friendly. The battery pack interface 6 is electronically and / or mechanically corresponding and compatible with a battery pack interface 8 of the battery pack 3.

[0053] As shown in the figures, a power line 9 is arranged in the adapter 2, which electrically connects the battery pack interface 6 and the device interface 5 of the adapter 2. The power line 9 allows an electrical charging current to flow from the charger 4 to the battery pack 3 and / or allows an electrical charging voltage to be applied to charge the battery pack 3.

[0054] The in the Figure 1 , 2 , 3 and 4The illustrated embodiment further shows an electronic adapter unit 10 of the adapter 2. Preferably, the adapter unit 10 is integrated into the adapter 2. The integration of the electronic adapter unit 10 enables a compact design and reduces the space requirement. This contributes to the portability and handling of the adapter 2.

[0055] As can be seen from the embodiment of adapter 2 shown in the figures, the electronic adapter unit 10 is electrically connected to the device interface 5 via a first connecting line 13. The first connecting line 13 ensures stable data transmission between the electronic adapter unit 10 and the device interface 5. Additionally, the electronic adapter unit 10 is electrically connected to the battery pack interface 6 via a second connecting line 14. The first and second connecting lines 13, 14 ensure the efficient transmission of charging information and charging commands.

[0056] The electronic adapter unit 10 includes an identification unit 15. This identification unit 15 enables the identification of a charger 4 connected to the device interface 5 and / or a battery pack 3 connected to the battery pack interface 6 during intended use. The identification unit 15 increases the compatibility and versatility of the adapter 2. This allows the adapter 2 to be used with various chargers 4 and battery packs 3. Identification is based on a device-specific and / or battery pack-specific identification value determined by the identification unit 15. The device-specific identification value ensures that only compatible chargers 4 and battery packs 3 are connected. This protects against malfunctions and damage.

[0057] The identification unit 15 is designed to automatically detect when a charger 4 is connected to the device interface 5 and / or a battery pack 3 is connected to the battery pack interface 6. This automates the detection process and reduces manual effort. Automated detection increases user-friendliness and minimizes potential errors. The identification unit 15 can determine, request, receive, and / or retrieve the device-specific and / or battery pack-specific identification value via the first connection line 13, the second connection line 14, and / or the power line 9.

[0058] The device-specific and / or battery pack-specific identification value can be a measured value, for example, a resistance value of the electrical resistance of the charger 4 and / or the battery pack 3, or a current value of the charger 4 and / or the battery pack 3. The use of measured values ​​enables precise and reliable identification. This contributes to the safety and efficiency of the charging process. The identification unit 15 is capable of independently determining, measuring, and / or recording this measured value. This increases the autonomy of the adapter 2 and reduces the need for manual intervention. Autonomous measurement determination improves the accuracy and reliability of the identification.

[0059] Additionally or alternatively, the device-specific and / or battery pack-specific identification value can be a bit sequence and / or an electrical signal, in particular a shutdown signal, from the charger 4 and / or battery packs 3 connected to the device interface 5. The use of bit sequences and electrical signals enables fast and reliable identification. The identification unit 15 can request, receive, and / or intercept this bit sequence and / or electrical signal from the charger 4 and / or battery packs 3. This increases the flexibility and adaptability of the adapter 2 to different communication protocols and thus to many different battery packs 3 and / or chargers 4. Flexible signal processing improves compatibility with various devices.

[0060] The identification unit 15 is furthermore capable of comparing the device-specific and / or battery pack-specific identification value of the connected charger 4 and / or battery pack 3 with several device identifiers from different chargers 4 and / or battery packs 3. This enables precise assignment and identification of the connected components. Comparison with various device identifiers increases the accuracy and reliability of the identification process. These device identifiers are preferably stored in a database 17 of a data storage device 16. A central database 17 allows for easy updating and management of the device identifiers. This improves the scalability and maintainability of the system. In the embodiment of the adapter 2 shown in the figures, the electronic adapter unit 10 comprises the data storage device 16 with the database 17 stored therein.Alternatively, in an embodiment not shown here, the data storage device 16 could be arranged outside the adapter 2 and / or form an additional element of the system 1. In this case, the adapter 2 would have a data interface, in particular a wired or wireless interface, through which it could communicate with the data storage device 16.

[0061] The identification unit 15 identifies the connected battery pack 3 and / or the connected charger 4 as soon as it detects a match between the identification value and one of the stored device identifiers. This ensures that only battery packs 3 and / or chargers 4 compatible with the adapter 2 can be operated. Correct identification prevents malfunctions and protects the devices from damage.

[0062] In some cases, authentication may be required from the connected battery pack 3 and / or charger 4. For this purpose, the electronic adapter unit 10 includes an authentication unit 18. This authentication unit 18 enables the adapter 2 to authenticate itself to the connected charger 4 and / or battery pack 3 during normal use. The authentication unit 18 thus ensures that, after successful authentication, interaction with the adapter 2 is permitted from the connected battery pack 3 and / or charger 4.

[0063] Authentication is performed using a device-specific and / or battery pack-specific authentication value. This value is stored in database 17 of data storage 16 together with the device identifier. The authentication unit 18 is designed such that, during normal use, it can determine the device-specific and / or battery pack-specific authentication value of the connected charger 4 and / or battery pack 3 based on the device identifier that matches the device-specific and / or battery pack-specific identification value. For this purpose, the device-specific authentication value, as mentioned above, is stored together with the corresponding device identifier in database 17 of data storage 16 and simply needs to be selected by the authentication unit 18. This enables fast and efficient authentication by accessing predefined data.Centralized storage simplifies the management and updating of authentication values.

[0064] After the authentication unit 18 has determined the device-specific and / or battery pack-specific authentication value, it transmits the authentication value, in particular via the first connection line 13 and / or via the second connection line 14, to the connected charger 4 and / or the connected battery pack 3. This authenticates the adapter 2 with the connected charger 4 and / or the connected battery pack 3 and authorizes it for further interactions.

[0065] The electronic adapter unit 10 includes an adapter charge controller 11, which is used to control, monitor, and / or terminate a charging process. The adapter charge controller 11 ensures precise control of the charging process. This protects the battery pack 3 from overcharging and overheating. This adapter charge controller 11 is responsible for carrying out the charging process of the battery pack 3 safely and efficiently. This increases the safety and reliability of the entire system 1. Efficient control of the charging process maximizes the charging speed and minimizes the charging time.

[0066] The adapter charge controller 11 controls, monitors, and / or terminates a charging process based on and / or taking into account at least one charging parameter. This at least one charging parameter can vary for different battery packs 3 and / or chargers 4. Therefore, the electronic adapter unit 10 includes a charging parameter unit 19. In normal use, this charging parameter unit 19 can determine and / or define at least one charging parameter for the charging process of the connected battery pack 3, or transmit and / or specify it to the adapter charge controller 11. Defining charging parameters optimizes the charging process for different battery packs 3 and chargers 4. This contributes to a longer service life and improved performance of the charged battery pack 3, as well as increased charging safety.

[0067] A charging parameter can be, for example, a charging method. The constant current charging method, the constant voltage charging method, and / or the pulse charging method are particularly advantageous. These charging methods offer different benefits in terms of charging speed and battery protection. A flexible choice of charging method allows adaptation to the specific requirements and conditions of the connected battery pack 3. Furthermore, the charging parameter can be a cut-off criterion, such as a final charging voltage, a cut-off temperature, a cut-off cell pressure, and / or a cut-off voltage profile. Considering cut-off criteria prevents overcharging and protects at least one accumulator 24 of the connected battery pack 3 from damage. This increases the safety and reliability of the charging process. The charging parameter can also be a charging current and / or a charging voltage, particularly a maximum charging current.A defined maximum charging current and / or a defined maximum charging voltage prevents overloading of the battery pack 3 and the charger 4. This ensures a uniform and gentle charging process. The charging parameter can also be a behavioral instruction for the adapter charge controller 11. Such a behavioral instruction could be, for example, that if the battery pack 3 is charged according to the parameters specified in... Figure 3 and 4 In the illustrated embodiments of system 1, a battery pack charge controller 25 is included, and the adapter charge controller 11 provides the charging current and / or the charging voltage requested by the battery pack charge controller 25 either according to Figure 3 unchanged to the charger control 29 of the charger 4 or according to Figure 4 The translated parameters from the translator unit 23 into an adapted battery pack parameter are to be passed on to the battery pack charge controller 25 of the charger 4.

[0068] The charging parameter unit 19 is designed to determine and / or set at least one charging parameter based on at least one battery pack-specific parameter of the connected battery pack 3 and / or based on at least one device-specific charger parameter of the connected charger 4. The battery pack parameter can be, for example, a cell type, a number of cells, a cell configuration, a cell capacity, a cell temperature, a cell voltage, a state of charge, a voltage difference between at least two cells, a discharge cut-off voltage, and / or a second charge controller characteristic of the battery pack charge controller 25 of the battery pack 3. The charger parameter can be, for example, a charging current and / or a charging voltage and / or a first charge controller characteristic of a charger charge controller 20. A precise charging current and / or a precise charging voltage helps to protect the battery cells and increases their service life.Taking specific parameters into account ensures optimal adaptation of the charging process to the individual characteristics of the battery pack 3 and the charger 4. This results in efficient and safe charging.

[0069] The charging parameter unit 19 is also designed to determine, during intended use, at least one battery pack parameter and / or charger parameter based on the device identifier that matches the device-specific and / or battery pack-specific identification value. This ensures precise adaptation of the charging process to the specific requirements of the connected battery pack 3 and charger 4. Accurate parameter determination optimizes charging efficiency and battery lifespan. These parameters, i.e., battery pack parameters and / or charger parameters, are stored together with the corresponding device identifier in the database 17 of the data storage 16. Central storage enables quick access and easy management of the parameter data in this case as well. This improves the efficiency and accuracy of the charging process.

[0070] The charging parameter unit 19 is also capable, in its intended use, of determining, in particular measuring, requesting, receiving, and / or accessing at least one battery pack-specific parameter and / or device-specific charger parameter, especially via the first connecting line 13 and / or the second connecting line 14 and / or independently. This increases the flexibility and autonomy of the charging parameter unit 19 in determining the relevant parameters. Independent measurement and acquisition of the parameters minimizes manual effort and increases accuracy.

[0071] The charging parameter unit 19 can, in its intended use, transmit at least one charging parameter to the adapter charge controller 11 and / or initialize the adapter charge controller 11. This enables precise and automated control of the charging process by the adapter charge controller 11. Initializing the adapter charge controller 11 ensures immediate and correct application of the charging parameters.

[0072] The adapter charge controller 11 is designed to control, monitor, and / or terminate the charging process of the connected battery pack 3 during its intended use, taking into account at least one charging parameter. Precise control of the charging process increases charging efficiency and protects the battery pack 3 from damage. This improves the overall performance and reliability of the system 1.

[0073] During the charging process, the adapter charge controller 11 can determine, measure, request, receive, and / or access at least one battery pack-specific parameter and / or device-specific charger parameter, particularly via the first connecting line 13 and / or the second connecting line 14 and / or independently. This enables continuous adjustment and monitoring of the charging process in real time. Continuous monitoring ensures that the charging process is always optimal.

[0074] Adapter 2 is in the Figure 1 , 2 , 3 and 4The illustrated embodiment is equipped with at least one adapter sensing device 21 for acquiring at least one battery pack parameter and / or charger parameter. This adapter sensing device 21 ensures precise acquisition of all relevant parameters, in particular the actual charging current and / or the actual charging voltage. This enables precise control and monitoring of the charging process. This adapter sensing device 21 comprises, in particular, a sensor and / or a measuring element. The use of sensors and measuring elements ensures high measurement accuracy and reliability. This contributes to the safety and efficiency of the charging process.

[0075] The adapter charge controller 11 is designed to define a target charging current and / or a target charging voltage when used as intended, particularly depending on at least one battery pack parameter and / or charger parameter received from the charging parameter unit 19. Furthermore, when used as intended, the adapter charge controller 11 can transmit this target charging current and / or target charging voltage to the charger 4 via an intermediate converter unit 23 – which will be described in detail below. This enables optimal adaptation of the charging process to the specific requirements of the battery pack 3 and charger 4. Precise definition of the target charging current and / or target charging voltage by the adapter ensures gentle and efficient charging.

[0076] The adapter charge controller 11 is also capable of setting the charging current and / or charging voltage requested by the battery pack charge controller 25 as the target charging current and / or target charging voltage if the connected battery pack 3 includes a battery pack charge controller 25. This function increases the flexibility of the adapter 2 by allowing it to adapt to different battery pack types. This flexible adaptation ensures optimal charging performance and protects the batteries 24 from damage.

[0077] The electronic adapter unit 10 includes the translator unit 23, which is connected downstream of the adapter charge controller 11 in the information flow towards the charger 4. This translator unit 23 enables compatibility between different chargers 4 and battery packs 3. It is designed for use when the connected charger 4, as described in the Figure 3 and 4In the illustrated embodiment of system 1, a charger-charge controller 20 comprises translating the target charging current and / or the charging voltage transmitted by the adapter-charge controller 11 into an adapted battery pack parameter using a device-specific charger parameter, in particular using a device-specific charge controller model. The adapted battery pack parameter is adjusted by the translator unit 23, taking into account the charge controller model of the charger-charge controller 20, such that the actual charging current and / or the charging voltage supplied by the charger-charge controller 20 of the connected charger 4 to the battery pack 3 corresponds to the target charging current and / or the target charging voltage transmitted by the adapter-charge controller 11.The charger-charge controller 20 thereby becomes a slave. This ensures precise adjustment of the charging current and / or target charging voltage to the specific requirements of the charger 4 and battery pack 3. A precise translation of the charging parameters increases charging efficiency and reduces the risk of overcharging. This ensures that the actual delivered charging current and / or charging voltage is optimally matched to the needs of the battery pack 3. A precise match between the target charging current and / or charging voltage set by the adapter-charge controller 11 and the actual charging current and / or charging voltage provided by the charger-charge controller 20 increases the lifespan and performance of the battery pack 3.

[0078] The translator unit 23 is also designed to determine, during intended use, at least one charger parameter, namely, in particular, the device-specific charge controller model of the charger-charge controller 20 of the connected charger 4, based on the device characteristic value that matches the device-specific identification value. This enables precise adaptation of the charging parameters to the specific charger 4. Accurate determination of the charge controller model improves the efficiency and reliability of the charging process. A particular advantage is that the at least one charger parameter, namely, in particular, the device-specific charge controller model of the charger-charge controller 20 of the connected charger 4, is stored together with the corresponding device characteristic value in the database 17 of the data storage 16. Central storage simplifies the management and updating of the charge controller models.This increases the flexibility and adaptability of adapter 2.

[0079] In the in the Figure 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 In the illustrated embodiment, the electronic adapter unit 10 comprises the data storage unit 16 with the database 17 stored therein. The data storage unit 16 enables efficient management and fast access to the stored data. A central database facilitates the maintenance and updating of device and battery pack information. InThis database 17 contains, in particular in a list, the respective device characteristics with the corresponding device-specific and / or battery pack-specific data – in particular identification value, measured value, resistance value, current measurement value, bit sequence, signal, shutdown signal, device characteristic, authentication value, charging parameters, charging procedure, shutdown criterion, battery pack parameters and / or charger parameters – for a large number of different chargers 4 and / or battery packs 3. This ensures broad compatibility of the adapter with various chargers 4 and battery packs 3. A comprehensive database 17 increases the flexibility and adaptability of the system 1, especially the charging system.

[0080] According to Figure 1 , 2 , 3 and 4The adapter 2 includes an adapter switch 22. The adapter charge controller 11 is also designed to switch and / or control the adapter switch 22, in particular a MOSFET and / or flyback converter, during intended use, taking into account at least one device-specific charger parameter and / or battery pack-specific battery pack parameter, in particular to reduce and / or interrupt the actual charging current and / or the actual charging voltage. This enables precise control of the current flow during the charging process. Effective control of the adapter switch 22 increases the safety and reliability of the system 1.

[0081] Adapter 2 includes adapter switch 22, which is preferably located in the power line 9. This arrangement allows for direct and efficient control of the current flow. A central placement of adapter switch 22 in the power line 9 improves responsiveness and controllability. This arrangement enables effective control and interruption of the current flow as needed. This increases safety and protects against potential overloads.

[0082] Furthermore, adapter 2 includes a display (not shown) for showing the charge level of battery pack 3 and / or an operating element (also not shown) for switching the display on and / or off. The display provides the user with information about the current charge level of battery pack 3. A clear and understandable display improves usability and monitoring of the charging process.

[0083] Additionally, the adapter 2 comprises at least one electronic component 12, in particular a microcontroller and / or integrated circuit, which forms the adapter unit 10 and / or the data storage 16. This electronic component 12 is central for processing and controlling all functions of the adapter 2. The electronic component 12 is preferably a UART microcontroller that ensures reliable communication and data transmission within the system 1. Reliable data transmission is essential for the correct function and control of the charging process.

[0084] In summary, it can therefore be stated that that at the in Figure 1In the illustrated device configuration a) (i.e., battery pack 3 without battery pack charge controller 25 + charger 4 without charger charge controller 20), the adapter charge controller 11 of adapter 2 determines the target charging current and / or the target charging voltage itself, depending on at least one battery pack parameter and / or charger parameter, and requests it from charger 4; and / or the adapter charge controller 11 of adapter 2 receives the actual charging current and / or the actual charging voltage from charger 4; and / or the adapter charge controller 11 of adapter 2 adjusts the actual charging current and / or the actual charging voltage via the adapter switch 22, if necessary, and / or forwards it to battery pack 3; and / or that in the Figure 2In the device configuration shown b) (i.e., battery pack 3 without battery pack charge controller 25 + charger 4 with charger charge controller 20), the adapter charge controller 11 of the adapter 2 determines the target charging current and / or the target charging voltage itself as a function of at least one battery pack parameter and / or charger parameter and transmits it to the translator unit 23; and / or the translator unit 23 of the adapter 2 translates the target charging current and / or the target charging voltage transmitted by the adapter charge controller 11 into an adapted battery pack parameter using a device-specific charger parameter, in particular taken from the database 17; and / or the translator unit 23 of the adapter 2 transmits the adapted battery pack parameter to the charger charge controller 20 of the charger 4;and / or the charger charge controller 20 of the charger 4 determines an actual charging current and / or an actual charging voltage based on the battery pack parameter adapted by the translator unit 23, which essentially corresponds to the target charging current and / or the target charging voltage determined by the adapter charge controller 11; and / or the adapter charge controller 11 of the adapter 2 receives the actual charging current and / or the actual charging voltage from the charger 4; and / or the adapter charge controller 11 of the adapter 2 adjusts the actual charging current and / or the actual charging voltage via the adapter switch 22, if necessary, and / or forwards it to the battery pack 3; and / or that during the in ; Figure 3In the device configuration c) shown (i.e., battery pack 3 with battery pack charge controller 25 + charger 4 without charger charge controller 20), the battery pack charge controller 25 of battery pack 3 determines the target charging current and / or the target charging voltage itself, in particular depending on a variable battery pack parameter, and requests it from adapter 2; and / or the adapter charge controller 11 of adapter 2 adopts and / or sets the target charging current and / or the target charging voltage requested by the battery pack charge controller 25, in particular unchanged, and requests it from charger 4; and / or the adapter charge controller 11 of adapter 2 receives the actual charging current and / or the actual charging voltage from charger 4; and / or the adapter charge controller 11 of adapter 2 adjusts the actual charging current and / or the actual charging voltage via the adapter switch 22, if necessary, and / or forwards it to battery pack 3; and / or that in the case of the Figure 4In the illustrated device configuration d) (i.e., battery pack 3 with battery pack charge controller 25 + charger 4 with charger charge controller 20), the battery pack charge controller 25 of battery pack 3 determines the target charging current and / or the target charging voltage itself, in particular depending on a variable battery pack parameter, and requests it from adapter 2; and / or the adapter charge controller 11 of adapter 2 accepts the target charging current and / or the target charging voltage requested by battery pack charge controller 25, in particular unchanged, and transmits it to the translator unit 23; and / or the translator unit 23 of adapter 2 translates the target charging current and / or the target charging voltage transmitted by adapter charge controller 11 into an adapted battery pack parameter by means of a device-specific charger parameter, in particular taken from database 17;and / or the translator unit 23 of the adapter 2 transmits the adapted battery pack parameter to the charger-charge controller 20 of the charger 4; and / or the charger-charge controller 20 of the charger 4 determines an actual charging current and / or an actual charging voltage based on the battery pack parameter adapted by the translator unit 23, which essentially corresponds to the target charging current determined by the battery pack-charge controller 25 and adopted by the adapter-charge controller 11, in particular unchanged, and / or the target charging voltage determined by the battery pack-charge controller 25 and adopted by the adapter-charge controller 11, in particular unchanged; and / or the adapter-charge controller 11 of the adapter 2 receives the actual charging current and / or the actual charging voltage from the charger 4; and / or the adapter-charge controller 11 of the adapter 2 adjusts the actual charging current and / or the actual charging voltage, if necessary, via the adapter switch 22 and / or forwards it to the battery pack 3. ; Reference symbol list

[0085] 1 System 2 Adapter 3 Battery pack 4 Charger 5 Adapter device interface 6 Adapter battery pack interface 7 Charger device interface 8 Battery pack interface 9 Power cable 10 Electronic adapter unit 11 Adapter charge controller 12 Electronic component 13 First connection cable 14 Second connection cable 15 Identification unit 16 Data storage 17 Database 18 Authentication unit 19 Charging parameter unit 20 Charger charge controller 21 Adapter detection device 22 Adapter switch 23 Translator unit 24 Accumulator 25 Battery pack charge controller 26 Battery pack switch 27 Battery pack detection device 28 Battery pack protection controller 29 Charger controller

Claims

1. Adapter (2) with which a battery pack (3) can be detachably connected to a charger (4), with a device interface (5) for connecting the charger (4) and / or an electrical device, with a battery pack interface (6) for connecting the battery pack (3), with a power line (9) that electrically connects the battery pack interface (6) and the device interface (5) so that an electrical charging current can flow from the charger (4) to the battery pack (3) for charging the battery pack (3), characterized by that the adapter (2) has an electronic adapter unit (10) which includes an adapter charge controller (11) for controlling, monitoring and / or terminating a charging process for charging the battery pack (3).

2. Adapter according to the previous claim, characterized by thatthe electronic adapter unit (10) includes an identification unit (15) with which, in the intended use, a charger (4) connected to the device interface (5) and / or a battery pack (3) connected to the battery pack interface (6) can be identified, in particular on the basis of a device-specific and / or battery pack-specific identification value.

3. Adapter according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by that the identification unit (15) is designed in such a way that, in its intended use, it can compare the device-specific and / or battery pack-specific identification value of the connected charger (4) and / or battery packs (3) with several device characteristics of different chargers (4) and / or battery packs (3) that are stored in a database (17) of a data storage device (16) and that, in the event of a match, it can identify the connected charger (4) and / or battery pack (3).

4. Adapter according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by thatThe electronic adapter unit (10) comprises an authentication unit (18) with which the adapter (2) can authenticate itself to the connected charger (4) and / or battery pack (3) during intended use, in particular on the basis of a device-specific and / or battery pack-specific authentication value; wherein the authentication unit (18) is preferably designed such that it can determine the device-specific and / or battery pack-specific authentication value of the connected charger (4) and / or battery pack (3) during intended use on the basis of the device identifier that corresponds to the device-specific and / or battery pack-specific identification value, wherein the device-specific authentication value is preferably stored together with the corresponding device identifier in the database (17) of the data storage device (16);and / or wherein the authentication unit (18) is preferably designed such that, in its intended use, it can transmit the determined device-specific and / or battery pack-specific authentication value to the connected charger (4) and / or the connected battery pack (3) in order to authenticate the adapter (2).

5. Adapter according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by thatThe electronic adapter unit (10) comprises a charging parameter unit (19) which, in its intended use, can determine and / or set at least one charging parameter for the charging process for charging the connected battery pack (3), in particular a charging method, a cut-off criterion, a maximum charging voltage and / or a maximum charging current; wherein the charging parameter unit (19) is preferably designed such that it can determine and / or set the at least one charging parameter based on at least one battery pack-specific battery pack parameter of the connected battery pack (3) and / or based on at least one device-specific charger parameter of the connected charger (4);and / or wherein the charging parameter unit (19) is preferably designed such that, in its intended use, it can determine the at least one battery pack parameter and / or charger parameter based on the device characteristic value corresponding to the device-specific and / or battery pack-specific identification value, wherein the at least one battery pack-specific battery pack parameter and / or the at least one device-specific charger parameter is preferably stored together with the corresponding device characteristic value in the database (17) of the data storage device (16).

6. Adapter according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by thatthe charging parameter unit (19) is designed such that, in its intended use, it can determine at least one battery pack-specific parameter and / or device-specific charger parameter from the connected battery pack (3) and / or charger (4); and / or that the charging parameter unit (19) is designed such that, in its intended use, it can transmit at least one defined charging parameter to the adapter charge controller (11) and / or initialize the adapter charge controller (11).

7. Adapter according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by thatthe adapter charge controller (11) is designed such that, in its intended use, it can control, monitor and / or terminate the charging process of the connected battery pack (3) taking into account at least one charging parameter; and / or that the adapter charge controller (11) is designed such that it can determine at least one battery pack-specific parameter and / or device-specific charger parameter during the charging process, wherein the adapter (2) preferably has at least one adapter sensing means (21) for sensing the at least one battery pack parameter and / or charger parameter.

8. Adapter according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by thatthe adapter charge controller (11) is designed in such a way that, in its intended use, in particular depending on at least one battery pack parameter and / or charger parameter, it can determine a target charging current and / or a target charging voltage and / or transmit it to the charger (4).

9. Adapter according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by that the adapter charge controller (11) is designed such that, when the connected battery pack (3) includes a battery pack charge controller (25), it sets the charging current requested by the battery pack charge controller (25) as the target charging current and / or sets the charging voltage requested by the battery pack charge controller (25) as the target charging voltage.

10. Adapter according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by thatThe electronic adapter unit (10) comprises a translator unit (23), in particular downstream of the adapter charge controller (11), which is preferably designed such that, in its intended use, when the connected charger (4) comprises a charger-charge controller (20), it translates the target charging current and / or the target charging voltage transmitted by the adapter-charge controller (11) into an adapted battery pack parameter based on the device-specific charge controller feature of the charger-charge controller (20), in particular based on a device-specific charge controller model, such that an actual charging current supplied by the charger-charge controller (20) to the battery pack (3) corresponds to the target charging current specified by the adapter-charge controller (11) and / or that an actual charging voltage supplied by the charger-charge controller (20) to the battery pack (3) corresponds to the target charging voltage specified by the adapter-charge controller (11).

11. Adapter according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by that the translator unit (23) is designed such that, in its intended use, it can determine the device-specific charge controller characteristic based on the device characteristic value corresponding to the device-specific identification value, wherein the device-specific charge controller characteristic, preferably together with the corresponding device characteristic value, is stored in the database (17) of the data storage device (16).

12. Adapter according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by that in the database (17), in particular in a list, the respective device characteristics with the corresponding device-specific and / or battery pack-specific data are stored for a large number of different chargers (4) and / or battery packs (3).

13. Adapter according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by thatthe adapter (2) has an adapter switch (22), in particular a MOSFET and / or flyback converter, and / or the adapter charge controller (11) is designed in such a way that it can switch and / or control the adapter switch (22) in its intended use, taking into account at least one device-specific charger parameter and / or battery pack-specific battery pack parameter.

14. System (1) with an adapter (2), a battery pack (3) and / or a charger (4), characterized by that the adapter (2) is designed according to one of the preceding claims.

15. Use of a battery pack (3) according to claim 1 in a system (1) according to the preceding claim.

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