Solid fermentation method

Abstract

A method of solid fermentation of a fibrous substrate made of textile or lignocellulose using one or more strains of fungi, involving conditioning said fibrous substrate, sanitizing said conditioned fibrous substrate, cooling the fibrous substrate, seeding said sanitized conditioned fibrous substrate with white mycelial growth, and collecting a fibrous substrate colonized by said at least one fungal strain.

Description

[0001] SOLID FERMENTATION PROCESS

[0002] The present invention relates to a method for the solid fermentation of a fibrous substrate, such as, for example, a substrate derived from textile recycling or a substrate formed from end-of-life or not yet recovered textile waste or from materials based on lignocellulosic fibers. The solid fermentation of a fibrous substrate is useful in the pretreatment of waste for subsequent recovery or for the production of biomolecules.

[0003] In 2021, more than 149 million tons of textiles were produced worldwide. In Europe, textile consumption has increased by more than 40% over the last two decades, and it is estimated that each inhabitant throws away an average of 1.1 kg of textiles per year. Only 38% of textile waste is collected and sorted for potential reuse, and it is estimated that only 1% is recycled and 87% is incinerated or buried in landfills.

[0004] One of the major problems with textile waste lies in its diversity. There are not only different types of waste, but also many different types of textiles, and within these, many different types of fibers that are mixed to form textiles.

[0005] While there are currently some solutions for textile production waste (cutting waste, defective materials, production residue, etc.), the nature of which is well known and controlled, certain types of textile waste are extremely problematic for recycling.

[0006] For the moment, for textiles from clothing, existing solutions consist of mechanical sorting to recover clothes that can be sold second-hand, and for the remaining fraction, a more advanced sorting of separation of fabrics according to their composition is carried out manually or by optical sorting. Textile waste from furniture is not currently recovered and is used for its calorific potential.

[0007] On the other hand, the mixtures of synthetic and natural fibres found in textiles, such as, but not limited to, ticking and other net curtains, constitute a source of plastic fibres which are difficult to exploit using existing techniques, despite the existence of physico-chemical treatments which can weaken natural fibres in order to make them possible to spin.

[0008] Furthermore, although in the specific case of mattress ticking, these are isolated from the rest of the mattress, this is not always the case and this depends on the technology available to the waste recovery centres responsible for recycling. Also, some centres apply themselves to crushing mattresses with their ticking, removing the metal parts and thus generating a shredded material comprising a mixture of shredded synthetic or natural ticking and foam.

[0009] There are also techniques for liquid fermentation of textile fibers previously pretreated with soda and cellulase enzymes in order to generate sugars that can then be used in green chemistry processes.

[0010] However, existing approaches to the chemical and biological treatment of textile fibre waste are carried out in a liquid medium, involve significant use of water and chemicals, and constitute processes that are difficult to implement on an industrial scale to treat the volumes of waste generated.

[0011] The invention aims to overcome the drawbacks of the state of the art by providing a process allowing the solid fermentation of fibrous substrate, implementable on an industrial scale which is versatile and applicable for a series of ways of valorizing the fibrous substrate.

[0012] To solve this problem, the invention provides a method for solid fermentation of fibrous substrate comprising the steps of:

[0013] - Supply of fibrous substrate comprising at least fibers chosen from natural vegetable or animal textile fibers, semi-synthetic textile fibers or polymer textile fibers, lignocellulosic fibers, said fibrous substrate being further in the form of pieces or granules formed from said fibers in agglomerated, woven or non-woven form,

[0014] - conditioning said fibrous substrate to obtain a conditioned fibrous substrate containing from 60 to 80% by weight of water relative to the weight of conditioned fibrous substrate.

[0015] - hygienization of the conditioned fibrous substrate to obtain a hygienized conditioned fibrous substrate,

[0016] - Cooling of the conditioned, hygienized fibrous substrate for a period of time between 12 and 24 hours,

[0017] - Seeding said hygienized conditioned fibrous substrate using mycelial spawn from said one or more strains of mushroom on seeds by adding at least one mycelial spawn on seeds to said hygienized conditioned fibrous substrate at a rate of 0.5% to 10% by weight, more particularly 1 to 7%, more particularly still 3 to 5% by weight of mycelial spawn relative to the weight of hygienized conditioned fibrous substrate, with obtaining seeded hygienized conditioned fibrous substrate,

[0018] - Mixing said seeded hygienized conditioned fibrous substrate to obtain a homogenized seeded hygienized conditioned fibrous substrate, and - Incubating said homogenized seeded hygienized conditioned fibrous substrate for a period of time between 1 and 6 weeks, more particularly between 2 and 5 weeks, in an enclosure having a relative humidity between 65 and 85%, more particularly between 70 and 80%,

[0019] - Collection of a fibrous substrate colonized by said at least one strain of fungus.

[0020] Alternatively, a liquid culture of said one or more fungal strains is used for inoculation, instead of, or in addition to, the mycelial spawn.

[0021] In this case, the concentration for seeding will advantageously be determined by the person skilled in the art, taking into account the concentration of the starting liquid culture and the growth capacities of the strain on the fibrous substrate to be treated. Typically between 1 and 5% (weight by weight) of the liquid medium is used for seeding the sanitized conditioned fibrous substrate.

[0022] As can be seen, the method according to the present invention makes it possible to collect a fibrous substrate colonized by said at least one strain of fungus in such a way that it can be used in various recovery routes, such as for example the production of biogas, as a fermentable support for the production of sugars, or polysaccharides or be used in a subsequent step of reducing the weight of textile or lignocellulosic waste, or even allow the production of biomolecules, which can occur during colonization, after colonization of the fibrous substrate or even during colonization and continue after colonization of the fibrous substrate.

[0023] The term “natural plant textile fibers” means, within the meaning of the present invention, natural textile fibers of abaca, bagasse, bamboo, coconut, cotton, linen, hemp, jute, raffia, Ramie, rattan, wood, Furcraea andina, Ceiba pentandra, Agave sisalana, Kenaf, Pina, and the like.

[0024] The term natural animal textile fibres means natural textile fibres of alpaca, angora, byssus, camel hair, cashmere, catgut, guanaco, hair or fur, llama, mohair, pashmina, qiviuk, silk, possibly spider silk, sinew, wool, yak vicuña and the like.

[0025] For the purposes of the present invention, the term semi-synthetic fibers means fibers of cellulose acetate, cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate, lyocell, Modal and the like.

[0026] The term polymer textile fibers means acrylic fibers, aramid fibers (Twaron, Kevlar, Nomex, Technora), microfibers, polyamide fibers, polyester fibers, polyolefin fibers, high molecular weight polyethylene-based fibers, elastane fibers, vectran fibers, vinalon fibers, zylon fibers and the like.

[0027] This classification was published by Weidmann in 2010.

[0028] For the purposes of the present invention, the term lignocellulosic fibres means fibres composed of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose in varying proportions, derived from forestry and agricultural operations as well as waste (furniture wood, chipboard, etc.).

[0029] The term “fibrous substrate in the form of lumps or granules formed from said fibers in agglomerated, woven or non-woven form” means agglomerated, woven or non-woven fibers, typically textile or lignocellulosic, which have undergone a size reduction step to form lumps. This size reduction may include grinding by a scissor mill, a guillotine-type cutter, a shredder, a jaw crusher, or even a shredder. This grinding step is prior to the provision of fibrous substrate. In certain cases, before the humidification step, the present invention also envisages carrying out an additional size reduction step if this proves useful, for example when the fibrous substrate in the form of lumps or granules formed from said fibers has too broad a size distribution or when the average size of the lumps is too high.

[0030] Advantageously, said fibrous substrate in agglomerated, woven or non-woven form is a residue from the grinding of recycled textiles, more particularly recycled furnishing textiles, recycled mattresses, bathroom or bed linen, clothing textiles, textile production scraps or waste, upholstery and their mixtures.

[0031] By the terms upholstered, we mean products such as cushions, sofa seats, soft toys, namely products typically containing a mixture of textile material and upholstery foam.

[0032] More particularly, according to the present invention, said fibrous substrate in agglomerated, woven or non-woven form is a residue from the grinding of recycled textiles chosen from furnishing, mattress and upholstery textiles and has a synthetic foam content of between 10 and 80%.

[0033] The method of the present invention is therefore particularly advantageous in that the biological materials will be degraded, and even recovered, for example by the production of biomolecules (for example enzymes or biomolecules with a molecular weight of less than 5000 Da, preferably less than 1000 Da, such as aromas, surfactants or colorants and / or terpene derivatives) or biogas, leaving a digestate enriched with synthetic fibers and / or plastics, which can then be recycled.

[0034] Advantageously, this digestate is highly enriched with synthetic and / or plastic fibers, or even comprises more than 50% by dry weight of synthetic and / or plastic fibers, preferably more than 70% by weight, preferably more than 80% by weight, or even more than 90% by weight. These enriched fibers or this plastic are advantageously recycled.

[0035] Thus, from waste of negative commercial value, to be stored or incinerated, the present invention allows the recycling of synthetic foams and the production of biomolecules, potentially with high added value.

[0036] In a variant of the method according to the present invention, said fibrous substrate in agglomerated, woven or non-woven form is a residue from the grinding of lignocellulosic elements, such as for example residue from the grinding of agglomerated wood.

[0037] Advantageously, in the method according to the present invention, said hygienization of the conditioned fibrous substrate is a pasteurization to obtain the conditioned fibrous substrate hygienized for a period of at least 3 hours, preferably at least 4 hours, more preferably at least 5 hours at a temperature greater than or equal to 72°C.

[0038] More particularly, in the method according to the present invention, the pasteurization is carried out at increasing temperature until a temperature peak of greater than 85°C is obtained, more particularly 88°C, more particularly 90°C, maintained for a period of time of between 5 and 50 minutes, more particularly 30 and 40 min. In a variant according to the present invention, said hygienization of the conditioned fibrous substrate is a composting comprising at least one composting cycle comprising a step of increasing the temperature until a temperature of between 55 and 80°C is obtained, more preferably until a temperature of between 58 and 65°C is obtained, for a period of time of between 6 hours and 5 days, followed by a step of aerating said fibrous substrate to maintain a temperature of between 46 and 49°C for 3 to 7 days, optionally by turning the fibrous substrate over.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment according to the present invention, said step of conditioning said fibrous substrate to obtain a conditioned fibrous substrate comprises moistening the fibrous substrate and / or washing said fibrous substrate optionally followed by draining or drying.

[0040] In yet another preferred embodiment according to the present invention, said step of conditioning said fibrous substrate comprises an additional step of supplementing with essential elements, such as for example minerals (calcium, magnesium), phosphorus, carbon and nitrogen sources, typically to obtain a fibrous substrate whose carbon: nitrogen ratio is between 10 and 30, preferably between 15 and 20, for example by adding grains.

[0041] In another variant according to the present invention, said hygienization of the conditioned fibrous substrate comprises at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or even 10 consecutive composting cycles.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, said one or more strains of fungi comprises a strain of filamentous fungi, more particularly a strain of saprophytic filamentous fungi, even more particularly chosen from the divisions of Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes, in particular chosen from the genera Pleurotus, Ganoderma, Grifola, Irpex, Fomes, Laetiporus, Trametes, Pycnoporus, Fomitopsis, Schizophyllum, Fusarium, Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Penicillium, Chaetomium, Cladosporium.

[0043] In a particular embodiment of the method according to the present invention, said seeding is carried out in a culture bag or on a conveyor.

[0044] In another advantageous embodiment of the method according to the present invention, the mixing is carried out by turning the culture bag, turning it on a conveyor, or in a paddle mixer or in a ribbon mixer.

[0045] In an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the mycelial spawn on seeds of said one or more strains of fungus is a mycelial spawn on a seed composition comprising from 20 to 40% by weight of wheat grains, from 20 to 40% by weight of oat grains, from 20 to 40% by weight of a seed mixture comprising at least two other types of seeds.

[0046] More particularly, in the method according to the present invention, said mixture of seeds comprises from 0 to 10%, preferably from 3 to 7% by weight of Canary Seeds, from 0 to 10%, preferably from 3 to 7% by weight of Millet Seeds, from 0 to 10%, preferably from 3 to 7% by weight of Niger Seeds, from 0 to 10%, preferably from 3 to 7% by weight of Peeled Oat Seeds, from 0 to 10%, preferably from 3 to 7% by weight of Flax Seeds, from 0 to 10%, preferably from 3 to 7% by weight of Hemp Seeds, from 0 to 10%, preferably from 3 to 7% by weight of White Perilla Seeds and optionally from 0 to 10%, preferably from 3 to 7% by weight of Wild Flower Seeds, from 0 to 10%, preferably from 3 to 7% by weight of lettuce seeds, from 0 to 10%, preferably from 3 to 7% by weight of rape seeds.

[0047] Advantageously, according to the present invention, said addition of at least one mycelial white on seeds to said conditioned hygienized fibrous substrate is an addition of a mycelial white of a strain of fungus or of several mycelial whites, each mycelial white of said several mycelial whites being derived from a single strain of fungi or even a mycelial white derived from several strains of fungi.

[0048] Preferably, in the method according to the present invention, said mycelial white is a mycelial white of at least the fourth generation, preferably of at least the 5 ème generation.

[0049] In a particular embodiment according to the present invention, the method comprises an inactivation step, typically inactivation by heat, optionally followed by a shaping step to form a biomaterial, for example shaped into panels, modules or bricks.

[0050] Other embodiments of the method according to the invention are indicated in the appended claims.

[0051] Other characteristics, details and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description given below, without limitation and with reference to the single figure (Fig. 1) and to the examples.

[0052] The single figure represents the laccase activity produced by T. versicolor, as a function of time and type of substrate used.

[0053] In the figures, identical or similar elements bear the same references. Examples. -

[0054] Example 1.- Production of mother cultures

[0055] Stock cultures were produced as follows:

[0056] - Preparation of the agar medium: dissolution (demineralized water) of the following ingredients: o 2% malt extract (20 g / L) o 2% agar (20 g / L) o 0.2% yeast extract (2 g / L)

[0057] - Sterilization of the liquid preparation by autoclaving

[0058] - Distribution of the sterilized liquid preparation into 9 cm diameter Petri dishes and cooling under sterile conditions

[0059] The plates containing the agar medium were then inoculated with a fungal strain according to Table 1.

[0060] Table 1.-

[0061] The inoculated dishes were then incubated for 5 to 8 days, at temperatures between 20°C and 28°C. Agar squares measuring 1.5 x 1.5 cm were cut using a previously sterilized scalpel, with the fungal tissue sampling area located towards the mycelial migration front. Example 2.- Production of a first-generation mycelial blank.

[0062] 1 part of the seeds was prepared with 1 part of wheat grains, 1 part of oat grains, and 1 part of a canary seed mix containing 65% canary seed, 20% niger seed, 5% hemp seed, and 5% flax seed.

[0063] The seeds are then immersed in water for 24 hours and then recovered and sterilized in an autoclave at 121°C for 40 minutes.

[0064] To form the first generation mycelial spawn of the strains indicated in Table 1, one agar square colonized by the fungal strain is added to 100 g of sterilized seeds as described above and the desired quantity of seeds inoculated with agar squares colonized in the proportion indicated above is placed in a culture bag. The culture bag is then incubated in a culture chamber at room temperature under an atmosphere containing approximately 75% humidity and protected from light for 21 days. Once the seeds are colonized, i.e. covered with mycelium, the first generation mycelial spawn is obtained.

[0065] Example 3.- Production of a fifth generation mycelial white

[0066] Sterilized seeds as obtained in Example 3 are mixed with colonized seeds in a proportion of 19 / 1 to obtain the next generation as indicated in Table 2. Table 2.-

[0067] Example 4.- Preparation of the fibrous substrate

[0068] From a bale of textile waste shredded into small pieces (d50 between 2 and 8 cm), the fibrous substrate was moistened. The textile waste included mattress ticking, pieces of PU foam from mattresses and other upholstery textiles.

[0069] Humidification was carried out until a water content of approximately 65% ​​was obtained. The moistened fibrous substrate was then pasteurized for 5 hours at a temperature above 72°C and placed in a culture bag.

[0070] The moistened and pasteurized fibrous substrate was then cooled for a period of 18 hours. Example 5.- Solid fermentation of the fibrous substrate by fungi of the Basidiomycetes division

[0071] The moistened and pasteurized fibrous substrate was inoculated with mycelium spawn, of the T. versicolor fungus strain on seeds from Example 3 by adding 5% by weight of mycelium spawn relative to the weight of moistened and pasteurized fibrous substrate and the culture bag containing the mycelium spawn and the moistened and pasteurized fibrous substrate was placed in a culture chamber at room temperature and containing a relative humidity of 75%.

[0072] After 3 weeks, a complete colonization of the fibrous substrate is observed, whereas after 8 weeks, when the amount of cotton-based fibers colonized by the biomass is weighed, a reduction of more than 5% in weight is observed. When the pieces of ticking colonized by the biomass are weighed, a reduction of more than 5% in weight is also observed.

[0073] Example 6.- Solid fermentation of the fibrous substrate by fungi of the Ascomycetes division.

[0074] Example 5 was reproduced using mycelium spawn from the fungal strain of the Ascomycetes division such as Fusarium oxysporum under the same conditions.

[0075] After 3 weeks, a complete colonization of the fibrous substrate is observed, whereas after 8 weeks, when the quantity of cotton-based fibers colonized by the biomass is weighed, a reduction of more than 5% in weight is observed, and when the pieces of ticking colonized by the biomass are weighed, similar results are observed. Example 7.- Solid fermentation by fungi of the Trametes versicolor strain.

[0076] Different fibrous substrates were prepared according to the protocol of Example 4. The fibrous substrates are presented in Table 3. Table 3.-

[0077] Fibrous substrate 4 is considered a positive control; it is a noble substrate whose nutrients are easily accessible to the mushroom strain.

[0078] Example 5 was reproduced using mycelium spawn from the mushroom strain Trametes versicolor. This strain was chosen because it produces laccase. Laccase was extracted by shaking a fixed amount of colonized substrate for 1 h at 150 RPM with 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer (15 liters of phosphate buffer as the aqueous phase / kg of substrate). Quantification of laccase activity was performed by spectrophotometry with ABTS as the reagent. Laccase enzyme activity was used as a tracer of fungal growth.

[0079] The results are presented in the single figure. As can be seen, an earlier onset of laccase production is observed when T. versicolor is grown on ticks. The observed yield of solid fermentation on ticks is 5 times higher than on a noble substrate.

[0080] These results show that solid fermentation from textile waste as a fibrous substrate by different fungal strains allows the growth of biomass, the reduction of the quantity of waste and / or the possibility of producing biomolecules in a similar order of magnitude to other optimized and published techniques for the industrial production of biomolecules, such as laccase.

[0081] Example 8.- comparison of the growth of different strains on textile.

[0082] The inventors tested the growth on textile of different commercial strains of Phacidium lacerum, Ganoderma lucidum (9 different strains), Tropicoporus linteus, for 7 days; growth is measured in centimeters.

[0083] The tested strains of Phacidium lacerum and Tropicoporus linteus did not grow, while the vast majority of Ganoderma lucidum strains (7 out of 9) grew well, one grew poorly, and one did not grow.

[0084] The inventors then tested the growth of strains of Pomes fomentarius (2 strains), Laetiporus sulphurous, Trametes versicolor (2 strains), Bjerkandera adusta, Fomitopsis pinicola, Daedaleopsis confragosa, Heterobasidion annosum, Ganoderma lucid um and Pycnoporus sanguineus.

[0085] At 14 days, the inventors measured growth for all strains, with Trametes versicolor having the strongest overall growth (6 and 9 cm), one strain of Fomes fomentarius also grew very well (7 cm), but not the other (1.55 cm). The Ganoderma lucidum strain and the Pycnoporus sanguineus strain grew very well (8 cm). The tested strain of Heterobasidion annosum did not grow well. The other strains tested had intermediate growth (between 2 and 6 cm).

[0086] It is understood that the present invention is in no way limited to the embodiments described above and that many modifications may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. Process for solid fermentation of fibrous substrate using one or more strains of fungi, comprising the steps of: - Supply of fibrous substrate comprising at least fibers chosen from natural vegetable or animal textile fibers, semi-synthetic textile fibers or polymer textile fibers, lignocellulosic fibers, said fibrous substrate being further in the form of pieces or granules formed from said fibers in agglomerated, woven or non-woven form, - conditioning said fibrous substrate to obtain a conditioned fibrous substrate containing from 60 to 80% by weight of water relative to the weight of conditioned fibrous substrate, - hygienization of said conditioned fibrous substrate to form a hygienized conditioned fibrous substrate, - Cooling of the conditioned, hygienized fibrous substrate for a period of time between 12 and 24 hours, - Seeding said hygienized conditioned fibrous substrate using mycelial spawn from said one or more strains of fungus on seeds by adding at least one mycelial spawn on seeds to said hygienized conditioned fibrous substrate at a rate of 0.5% to 10% by weight, more particularly 1 to 7%, more particularly still 3 to 5% by weight of mycelial spawn relative to the weight of hygienized conditioned fibrous substrate, with obtaining seeded hygienized conditioned fibrous substrate, or seeding said hygienized conditioned fibrous substrate using a liquid medium comprising said one or more strains of fungus, - Mixing said seeded hygienized conditioned fibrous substrate with obtaining a homogenized seeded hygienized conditioned fibrous substrate, and - Incubation of said conditioned, hygienized, seeded, homogenized fibrous substrate for a period of time of between 1 and 6 weeks, more particularly between 2 and 5 weeks, in an enclosure having a relative humidity of between 65 and 85%, more particularly between 70 and 80%, - Collection of a fibrous substrate colonized by said at least one strain of fungus.

2. Process for solid fermentation of fibrous substrate according to claim 1, in which said fibrous substrate in agglomerated, woven or non-woven form is a residue from the grinding of recycled textiles, more particularly recycled furnishing textiles, recycled mattresses, bathroom or bed linen, clothing textiles, textile production scraps or waste, upholstery and their mixture.

3. Process for solid fermentation of fibrous substrate according to claim 1 or 2, in which said fibrous substrate in agglomerated, woven or non-woven form is a residue from the grinding of recycled textiles chosen from furnishing, mattress and upholstery textiles and has a synthetic foam content of between 10 and 80%.

4. Process for solid fermentation of fibrous substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in which said fibrous substrate in agglomerated, woven or non-woven form is a residue from the grinding of lignocellulosic elements, such as for example residues from the grinding of agglomerated wood.

5. A method of solid fermentation of fibrous substrate according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said hygienization is steam pasteurization to obtain a conditioned fibrous substrate hygienized for a period of at least 3 hours, preferably at least 4 hours, more preferably at least 5 hours at a temperature greater than or equal to 72°C.

6. Process for solid fermentation of fibrous substrate according to claim 5, in which the pasteurization is carried out at increasing temperature until a temperature peak of more than 85°C is obtained, more particularly 88°C, more particularly 90°C, maintained for a period of time of between 5 and 50 minutes, more particularly 30 and 40 min.

7. Method for solid fermentation of fibrous substrate according to any one of the preceding claims, in which said hygienization of the conditioned fibrous substrate is a composting comprising at least one composting cycle comprising a step of increasing the temperature until a temperature of between 55 and 80°C is obtained, more preferably until a temperature of between 58 and 65°C is obtained, for a period of time of between 6 hours and 5 days, followed by a step of aeration of said fibrous substrate to maintain a temperature of between 46 and 49° for 3 to 7 days, optionally by turning the fibrous substrate.

8. A method of solid fermentation of fibrous substrate according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said step of conditioning said fibrous substrate to obtain a conditioned fibrous substrate comprises moistening the fibrous substrate and / or washing said fibrous substrate optionally followed by draining or drying.

9. A method of solid fermentation of fibrous substrate according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said step of conditioning said fibrous substrate comprises an additional step of supplementing with essential elements, such as for example in minerals (calcium, magnesium) in phosphorus, in sources of carbon and nitrogen, typically to obtain a fibrous substrate whose carbon: nitrogen ratio is between 10 and 30, preferably between 15 and 20, for example by adding grains.

10. A method for solid fermentation of fibrous substrate according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said one or more strains of fungi comprises a strain of filamentous fungi, more particularly a strain of saprophytic filamentous fungi, even more particularly chosen from the divisions of Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes, in particular chosen from the genera Pleurotus, Ganoderma, Grifola, Irpex, Fomes, Laetiporus, Trametes, Pycnoporus, Fomitopsis, Schizophyllum, Fusarium, Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Penicillium, Chaetomium, Cladosporium. 1 1. Method for solid fermentation of fibrous substrate according to any one of the preceding claims, in which said seeding is carried out in a culture bag or on a conveyor.

12. A method of solid fermentation of fibrous substrate according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the mixing is carried out by culture bag inversion, inversion on conveyor, ribbon mixer or paddle mixer.

13. A method of solid fermentation of fibrous substrate according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the mycelial spawn on seeds of said one or more fungal strains is a mycelial spawn on a seed composition comprising from 20 to 40% by weight of wheat grains, from 20 to 40% by weight of oat grains, from 20 to 40% by weight of a seed mixture comprising at least two other types of seeds.

14. A method of solid fermentation of fibrous substrate according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said seed mixture comprises from 0 to 10%, preferably from 3 to 7% by weight of Canary Seed, from 0 to 10%, preferably from 3 to 7% by weight of Niger Seed, from 0 to 10%, preferably from 3 to 7% by weight of millet seed, from 0 to 10%, preferably from 3 to 7% by weight of peeled oat seed, from 0 to 10%, preferably from 3 to 7% by weight of flax seed, from 0 to 10%, preferably from 3 to 7% by weight of hemp seed, from 0 to 10%, preferably from 3 to 7% by weight of White Perilla seed and optionally from 0 to 10%, preferably from 3 to 7% by weight of wildflower seed, from 0 to 10%, preferably from 3 to 7% by weight of lettuce seed, 0 to 10%, preferably 3 to 7% by weight of rape seeds.

15. Method for solid fermentation of fibrous substrate according to any one of the claims wherein said addition of at least one mycelial white on seeds to said conditioned hygienized fibrous substrate, is an addition of a mycelial white of a strain of fungus or of several mycelial whites, each mycelial white of said several mycelial whites being derived from a single strain of fungi or else a mycelial white derived from several strains of fungi.

16. Method for solid fermentation of fibrous substrate according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said mycelial spawn is a mycelial spawn of at least the fourth generation, preferably of at least the 5 ème generation.

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