Process for the production of biomolecules of therapeutic or pharmaceutical interest by solid fermentation of a fibrous substrate

Abstract

Disclosed is a solid fermentation process for the production of biomolecules of therapeutic or pharmaceutical interest, for example antibiotics, antimitotics, antivirals, biosorbents, biosurfactants, from a fibrous substrate, involving conditioning the fibrous substrate, inoculating the fibrous substrate using a fungal strain chosen from strains belonging to the genus Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Penicillium, Fusarium, Pleurotus, Pycnoporus, Trametes, Ganoderma, to allow the fibrous substrate to be colonized by said fungal strain, extracting the biomolecule, and collecting the biomolecule.

Description

[0001]PROCESS FOR PRODUCING BIOMOLECULES OF THERAPEUTIC OR PHARMACEUTICAL INTEREST BY SOLID FERMENTATION OF A FIBROUS SUBSTRATE The present invention relates to a process for solid fermentation from a fibrous substrate, such as, for example, a substrate resulting from textile recycling or a substrate formed from textile waste at the end of its life or not yet recovered or from materials based on lignocellulosic fibers for the production of biomolecules. In the context of the production of biomolecules, there are several processes which today make it possible to produce biomolecules. However, the biomolecules produced are currently quite expensive due to the extremely controlled conditions which must be implemented to produce these biomolecules. In the context of the present invention, the biomolecules envisaged are biomolecules produced naturally by the chosen strain and not biomolecules which are produced,following a microbiological modification of the strain. Indeed, the present invention aims simultaneously to produce low-cost biomolecules allowing their use on a more massive scale, that is to say in sectors where biomolecules are currently unused or little used because of their production cost which limits their uses in low-margin industries or in industries in which the substances used cannot be extremely expensive. Examples include detergents where products must be increasingly green and where biomolecules such as lower-cost enzymes could allow more massive use and therefore have a positive environmental impact, certain food processing processes or the bioremediation of polluted soils where these enzymes at a much lower cost would allow their use or concerning biomolecules of therapeutic or pharmaceutical interest,uses where healthcare is inaccessible due to the low financial means of the population, or even for veterinary uses where natural and inexpensive antibiotics could find a use, or even for the production of therapeutic molecules requiring reagents in the form of biomolecules such as antibiotics for culture media, etc. which would then be much less expensive and would thus indirectly reduce the price of therapies. In addition, the present invention also aims at the use of materials as substrates which are recycled or for which there is currently no recovery route, at the end of their life, etc. in order to improve the environmental impact. In 2021, more than 149 million tonnes of textiles were produced worldwide. In Europe, textile consumption has increased by more than 40% over the last two decades,and it is estimated that each inhabitant throws away an average of 11 kg of textiles per year. Only 38% of textile waste is collected and sorted for potential reuse and it is estimated that only 1% is recycled and 87% is incinerated or buried in landfills. One of the major problems with textile waste lies in its diversity. Indeed, there are different types of waste, but also many types of textiles and within these, many types of fibers that are mixed to form textiles. While there are currently some solutions for textile production waste (cutting waste, materials with defects, production residue, etc.), the nature of which is well known and controlled, certain types of textile waste are extremely problematic for recycling. For the moment, for textiles from clothing,Existing solutions consist of mechanical sorting to recover clothes that can be sold second-hand, and for the remaining fraction, a more advanced sorting of separation of fabrics according to their composition is carried out manually or by optical fiber. Textile waste from furniture is not currently recovered and is used for its calorific potential. On the other hand, the mixtures of synthetic and natural fibers found in ticking and other net curtains constitute a source of plastic fibers that cannot be exploited by existing techniques, despite the existence of physicochemical treatment to weaken the natural fibers in order to make their spinning possible. In addition, if in certain cases, mattress ticking is isolated from the rest of the mattress, this is not systematically the case and this depends on the technology available to the waste recovery centers that are responsible for recycling, also,Some centers are grinding mattresses with their ticking, removing the metal parts and thus generating a shredded product comprising a mixture of shredded synthetic or natural ticking and foam. There are also liquid fermentation techniques for textile fibers previously pretreated with soda and cellulase enzymes in order to generate sugars that can then be used in green chemistry processes. However, existing approaches to the chemical and biological treatment of textile fiber waste are carried out in a liquid environment, involve significant use of water and chemicals,and constitute processes that are difficult to implement on an industrial scale to treat the volumes of waste generated. The invention aims to overcome the drawbacks of the state of the art by providing an invention that makes it possible to use inexpensive resources while producing active biomolecules in order to reduce their production costs and make them more widely available, thereby offering an interesting recovery constituting a real motivation to opt for greener solutions. To solve this problem, the invention provides a solid fermentation process for the production of biomolecules from a fibrous substrate comprising: - a supply of a shredded, woven, non-woven or agglomerated fibrous substrate - conditioning of said fibrous substrate to obtain a conditioned fibrous substrate containing from 60 to 80% by weight of water relative to the weight of conditioned fibrous substrate,- an inoculation of the fibrous substrate using a filamentous fungal strain, more particularly a saprophytic filamentous fungal strain, even more particularly chosen from the divisions of Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes, in particular chosen from strains belonging to the genus Agrocybe, Ganoderma, Trametes, Pycnoporus, Pleurotus, Fomes, Fomitopsis, Irpex, Laetiporus, Inonotus, Lentinula, Fusarium, Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Penicillium, Cladosporium, Chaetomium, Acremonium, to allow colonization by said fungal strain of the fibrous substrate, - a growth of said fungal strain - a production of biomolecule or precursors of therapeutic or pharmaceutical interest, such as for example antibiotics, antimitotics, antivirals, biosorbents, biosurfactants,- biomolecule extraction and - collection of said biomolecule. As can be seen, the method according to the present invention has the advantage of starting from a shredded woven, non-woven, or agglomerated fibrous substrate, recovered from recycled material, or from end-of-life textile waste or even from textile waste for which there is no recovery route for the production of molecules, high added-value biomolecules. Preferably, the collection of the (hydrophilic) biomolecule is done via the addition of water (preferably between 1 and 3 times the weight of the material), followed by a step of recovery of the aqueous medium, advantageously carried out by pressing, spinning, or centrifugation. The biomolecule is then separated from the aqueous medium. When the biomolecule is a surfactant, it is preferably recovered by acid precipitation (for example at a pH below 4, preferably below 3, or even below 2,5); the precipitate being recovered and then redissolved in an alkaline aqueous medium. Preferably, this solution is then purified by filtration, in practice, preferably a first filtration, advantageously a tangential filtration with a 100 kDa sieve, followed by a nanofiltration, advantageously on a 1 kDa membrane. The preferred surfactants (to be fermented) are chosen from sophrolipids, mannosylerythritol lipids (MEL), trehalose lipids, xylolipids, cellobiose lipids, polylipids, lipopeptides, hydrophobins and a mixture thereof. Advantageously, in the method according to the present invention, said collection is followed by a purification step arranged to obtain a purified batch of biomolecule. In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention,said extraction is chosen from an extraction from the fungal biomass obtained or a series of rinsing of the culture medium with an aqueous phase, making it possible to collect an aqueous phase enriched in biomolecule. More particularly, according to the present invention, the rinsing series comprises 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more rinsings, each rinsing being carried out at intervals of 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 days. This rinsing series advantageously allows the recovery of the biomolecules produced, which are secreted by the fungal strain. In another preferred embodiment of the method according to the present invention, said growth of said fungal strain is simultaneous with the production of biomolecule. In a variant of the method according to the present invention, said growth of said fungal strain takes place before the production of biomolecule. According to the present invention, the production of biomolecules,may occur during colonization (growth of the fungal strain), after colonization of the fibrous substrate or during colonization and continue after colonization of the fibrous substrate. More particularly, in the method according to the present invention, the agglomerated, woven or non-woven shredded fibrous substrate comprises fibers chosen from natural plant or animal textile fibers, semi-synthetic textile fibers or polymer textile fibers, lignocellulosic fibers. By the term natural plant textile fibers, is meant, within the meaning of the present invention, natural textile fibers of abaca, bagasse, bamboo, coconut, cotton, linen, hemp, jute, raffia, Ramie, Rattan, wood, Furcraea andina, Ceiba pentandra, Agave sisalana, Kenaf, Pina, and the like. By the term natural animal textile fibres we mean natural textile fibres of alpaca, angora, byssus,camel hair, cashmere, catgut, guanaco, hair or hair, llama, mohair, pashmina, qiviuk, silk, possibly spider silk, sinew, wool, yak vicuña and the like. The term semi-synthetic fibers is understood to mean, within the meaning of the present invention, fibers of cellulose acetate, cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate, lyocell, Modal and the like. The term polymer textile fibers is understood to mean acrylic fibers, aramid fibers (Twaron, Kevlar, Nomex, Technora), microfibers, polyamide fibers, polyester fibers, polyolefin fibers, fibers based on high molecular weight polyethylene, elastane fibers, vectran fibers, vinalon fibers, zylon fibers and the like. This classification was published by Weidmann in 2010. The term lignocellulosic fibers means, within the meaning of the present invention, fibers composed of lignin,of hemicellulose and cellulose in varying proportions, from forestry, agricultural operations as well as waste (furniture wood, chipboard, etc.). The terms “shredded fibrous substrate, formed from said fibers in agglomerated, woven or non-woven form”, or “fibrous substrate in the form of pieces or granules formed from said fibers in agglomerated, woven or non-woven form”, mean agglomerated, woven or non-woven fibers, typically textile or lignocellulosic, which have undergone a size reduction step to form pieces. This size reduction may include grinding by a scissor crusher, a guillotine-type cutter, a shredder, a jaw crusher, or even a shredder. This grinding step is prior to the supply of fibrous substrate. In some cases, before the humidification step,the present invention also envisages carrying out an additional size reduction step if this proves useful, for example when the fibrous substrate in the form of pieces or granules formed from said fibers has too wide a size distribution or when the average size of the pieces is too high. Preferably, according to the present invention, the agglomerated, woven or non-woven shredded fibrous substrate is a residue from the grinding of recycled textiles, more particularly recycled furnishing textiles, recycled mattresses, bathroom or bed linen, clothing textiles, textile production scraps or waste, upholstery and mixtures thereof. More particularly, according to the present invention, said fibrous substrate in agglomerated, woven or non-woven form is a residue from the grinding of recycled textiles chosen from furnishing textiles,of mattresses and upholstered furniture and has a synthetic foam content of between 10 and 80%. More particularly still, in one embodiment of the method according to the present invention, said fibrous substrate in agglomerated, woven or non-woven form is a residue from the grinding of lignocellulosic elements, such as, for example, residue from the grinding of agglomerated wood. In yet another preferred embodiment according to the present invention, in which said conditioning step is carried out so as to obtain a conditioned fibrous substrate containing from 60 to 80% by weight of water relative to the weight of conditioned fibrous substrate, and is followed by the steps of - hygienizing said conditioned fibrous substrate to form a hygienized conditioned fibrous substrate, - Cooling the hygienized conditioned fibrous substrate for a period of time of between 12 and 24 hours. In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the present invention,said hygienization is a steam pasteurization to obtain a conditioned fibrous substrate hygienized for a period of at least 3 hours, preferably at least 4 hours, more preferably at least 5 hours at a temperature greater than or equal to 72°C. In an even more preferred embodiment of the method according to the present invention, the pasteurization is carried out at increasing temperature until a temperature peak greater than 85°C is obtained, more particularly 88°C, more particularly 90°C, maintained for a period of time of between 5 and 50 minutes, more particularly 30 and 40 min. In another preferred embodiment of the method according to the present invention, said hygienization of the conditioned fibrous substrate is a composting comprising at least one composting cycle comprising a step of increasing the temperature until a temperature of between 55 and 80°C is obtained,more preferably until a temperature of between 58 and 65°C is obtained, for a period of time of between 6 hours and 5 days, followed by a step of aerating said fibrous substrate to maintain a temperature of between 46 and 49°C for 3 to 7 days, optionally by turning the fibrous substrate over. More particularly, according to the present invention, said step of conditioning said fibrous substrate to obtain a conditioned fibrous substrate comprises humidification of the fibrous substrate and / or washing of said fibrous substrate optionally followed by draining or drying. In yet another embodiment of the method according to the present invention, said step of conditioning said fibrous substrate comprises an additional step of supplementing with essential elements, such as for example minerals (calcium, magnesium), phosphorus, carbon and nitrogen sources,typically to obtain a fibrous substrate whose carbon: nitrogen ratio is between 10 and 30, preferably between 15 and 20, for example by adding grains. More particularly, according to the present invention, said inoculation of the fibrous substrate using a fungal strain comprises seeding said hygienized conditioned fibrous substrate using mycelial spawn from said fungal strain on seeds by adding at least one mycelial spawn on seeds to said hygienized conditioned fibrous substrate at a rate of 0.5% to 10% by weight, more particularly 1 to 7%, more particularly still 3 to 5% by weight of mycelial spawn relative to the weight of hygienized conditioned fibrous substrate, more particularly 4 to 8% by weight of mycelial spawn, with obtaining seeded hygienized conditioned fibrous substrate. Alternatively, a liquid culture of said one or more fungal strains is used for inoculation. In this case,the concentration for seeding will advantageously be determined by the person skilled in the art, taking into account the concentration of the starting liquid culture and the growth capacities of the strain on the fibrous substrate to be treated. Typically between 1 and 5% (weight:weight) of the liquid medium is used for seeding the hygienized conditioned fibrous substrate. Advantageously, said growth of the said fungal strain is carried out on the hygienized and seeded conditioned fibrous substrate, previously mixed, and comprises an incubation of said homogenized seeded hygienized conditioned fibrous substrate for a period of time of between 1 and 6 weeks, more particularly between 2 and 5 weeks, in an enclosure having a relative humidity of between 65 and 85%, more particularly between 70 and 80%. More particularly still, said seeding is carried out in a culture bag or on a conveyor. Preferably,The mixture is made by inversion of a culture bag, inversion on a conveyor, mixing in a ribbon blender, or in a paddle blender. For example, mushrooms of the genus Ganoderma are composed of triterpenoids and polysaccharides. Triterpenoids have been reported to have hepatoprotective effects, to act against hypertension, hypocholesteromic effects, antihistamine effects, also have antitumor activity, antiangiogenic effects, effects against platelet aggregation and complement inhibitory effects. Examples of triterpenoids include ganodermic acids, lucidenic acids, ganoderic acids, ganolucidic and applanoxidic acids, lucidimols A and B, ganodermanondiol, ganoderiol F, and gano-dermanontriol,lucidones. Polysaccharides have also been reported to exhibit anti-tumor effects through immunomodulation and anti-angiogenesis. Polysaccharides also have a protective effect against free radicals and can reduce cellular damage caused by mutagenic agents. Some polysaccharides have also been reported to have an anti-diabetic effect. Extracts of Trametes versicolor exhibit anti-radical, antioxidant, antibacterial, and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activities. Extracts of mushrooms of the genus Pleurotus exhibit therapeutic effects such as hypocholesterolemic, free radical scavenging, antioxidant, anti-atherogenic, anti-tumor, and immunomodulatory effects. Mushrooms of the genus Pleurotus have for example been reported to contain triterpenoids such as 2,3,6,23-tetrahydroxy-urs-12-en-28 oic acid, 2,3,23-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28 oic acid and lupeol The pigments of fungi of the genus Pycnoporus have antiviral, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Trichoderma and Penicillium have been reported to contain biosurfactants. Fungi of the genera Penicillium, Acremonium and Aspergillus have been reported to secrete antibiotics such as penicillin or cephalosporin. Other embodiments of the process according to the invention are indicated in the appended claims. Other characteristics, details and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description given below, without limitation. Examples.- Example 1.- Production of stock cultures Stock cultures were produced as follows: - Preparation of the agar medium: dissolution (demineralized water) of the following ingredients: o 2% malt extract (20 g / L) o 2% agar (20 g / L) o 0.2% yeast extract (2 g / L) - Sterilization of the liquid preparation by autoclaving - Distribution of the sterilized liquid preparation into 9 cm diameter Petri dishes and cooling under sterile conditions The dishes containing the agar medium were then inoculated with a fungal strain of the genus Penicillium. The inoculated dishes were then incubated for 5 to 8 days, at a temperature between 20°C and 28°C. Agar squares measuring 1.5 x 1.5 cm were cut using a previously sterilized scalpel, with the fungal tissue sampling area located towards the mycelial migration front. Example 2.- Production of a first-generation mycelial blank. A mixture was prepared containing 1 part of seeds with 1 part of wheat grains, 1 part of oat grains, and 1 part of a canary seed mixture containing 65% canary seed, 20% niger seed,5% hemp seeds and 5% flax seeds. The seeds are then immersed in water for 24 hours and then recovered and sterilized in an autoclave at 121°C for 40 minutes. To form the first generation mycelial spawn of the strain of Example 1, an agar square colonized by the fungal strain is added to 100 g of sterilized seeds as described above and the desired quantity of seeds inoculated using agar squares colonized according to the proportion indicated above is placed in a culture bag. The culture bag is then incubated in a culture chamber at room temperature in an atmosphere containing approximately 75% humidity and protected from light for 21 days. Once the seeds are colonized, i.e. covered with mycelium,the first generation mycelial white is obtained. Example 3.- Production of a fifth generation mycelial white Sterilized seeds as obtained in Example 2 are mixed with colonized seeds in a proportion of 19 / 1 to obtain the next generation as indicated in Table 1. Table 1.- Generation Proportion of Proportion of Generation of Sterilized Colonized Colonized Seeds Seeds used 2 19 parts in 1 part by weight First generation weight 3 19 parts in 1 part by weight Second generation weight 4 19 parts in 1 part by weight Third generation weight 5 19 parts in 1 part by weight Fourth generation weight Example 4.- Preparation of the fibrous substrate From a bale of textile waste shredded into small pieces (d50 between 2 and 8 cm), the fibrous substrate was moistened. The textile waste included mattress ticking,PU foam pieces from mattresses and other upholstery textiles. Humidification was carried out until a water content of approximately 65% ​​was obtained. The moistened fibrous substrate was then pasteurized for 5 hours at a temperature above 72°C and placed in a culture bag. The moistened and pasteurized fibrous substrate was then cooled for a period of 18 hours. Example 5.- Solid fermentation of the fibrous substrate by fungi of the genus Penicillum The moistened and pasteurized fibrous substrate was inoculated with mycelium spawn, of the fungal strain of the genus Penicillum on seeds from Example 2 by adding 5% by weight of mycelium spawn relative to the weight of moistened and pasteurized fibrous substrate and the culture bag containing the mycelium spawn and the moistened and pasteurized fibrous substrate was placed in a culture chamber at room temperature and containing a relative humidity of 75%. After 3 weeks,complete colonization of the fibrous substrate is observed as well as penicillin production. Example 6.- comparison of the growth of different strains on textile. The inventors tested the growth on textile of different commercial strains of Phacidium lacerum, Ganoderma lucidum (9 different strains), Tropicoporus linteus, for 7 years the growth is measured in centimeters. The tested strains of Phacidium lacerum and Tropicoporus linteus did not grow, while the vast majority of the strains of Ganoderma lucidum (7 out of 9) grew well, one grew poorly and one did not grow. The inventors then tested the growth of the strains Fomes fomentarius (2 strains), Laetiporus sulphureus, Trametes versicolor (2 strains), Bjerkandera adusta, Fomitopsis pinicola, Daedaleopsis confragosa, Heterobasidion annosum, Ganoderma lucidum and Pycnoporus sanguineus. At 14 days, the inventors measured growth for all strains,those of Trametes versicolor having overall the strongest growth (6 and 9 cm), a strain of Fomes fomentarius also grew very well (7 cm), but not the other (1.55 cm). The strain of Ganoderma lucidum, and that of Pycnoporus sanguineus grew very well (8 cm). The tested strain of Heterobasidion annosum did not grow well. The other strains tested had intermediate growth (between 2 and 6 cm). Example 7.- production of biosurfactant on textile Two different substrates, a compost or a textile were inoculated with a strain of fungus, in particular a strain of Trametes versicolor or Ganoderma lucidum. The inventors had previously verified (see example 6) that these strains were capable of growing on a textile substrate and producing the biosurfactant of interest. The three strains tested, grown on compost, produce the surfactant after 5 days of cultivation and, overall,produce more at 9 and 12 days. The three strains tested, cultivated on textiles, produce the surfactant from 9 days, in levels comparable to the culture on compost, even if the production at 12 days is lower, for example reduced by half compared to the culture on compost. The inventors consider that these results are excellent, since the textiles are not optimized as a culture substrate, and even include non-metabolizable fibers: the added value of the invention is the sum of the waste treatment, the biomolecule produced and the synthetic fibers or plastics which are now more easily recyclable. It is understood that the present invention is in no way limited to the embodiments described above and that many modifications can be made thereto without departing from the scope of the appended claims,

Claims

CLAIMS 1. Solid fermentation process for the production of biomolecule from a fibrous substrate comprising: - a supply of a shredded, woven, non-woven or agglomerated fibrous substrate, said shredded, agglomerated, woven or non-woven fibrous substrate comprising fibers chosen from natural plant or animal textile fibers, semi-synthetic textile fibers and / or polymer textile fibers, and / or lignocellulosic fibers.- conditioning said fibrous substrate to obtain a conditioned fibrous substrate containing from 60 to 80% by weight of water relative to the weight of conditioned fibrous substrate, - inoculation of the fibrous substrate using a filamentous fungal strain, more particularly a saprophytic filamentous fungal strain, even more particularly chosen from the divisions of Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes, in particular chosen from strains belonging to the genus Agrocybe, Ganoderma, Trametes, Pycnoporus, Pleurotus, Fomes, Fomitopsis, Irpex, Laetiporus, Inonotus, Lentinula, Fusarium, Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Penicillium, Cladosporium, Chaetomium, Acremonium, to allow colonization by said fungal strain of the fibrous substrate, - growth of said fungal strain - production of biomolecules of therapeutic or pharmaceutical interest, such as for example of the. antibiotics, antimitotics, antivirals, biosorbents, biosurfactants, - an extraction of said biomolecule and - a collection of said biomolecule.

2. Solid fermentation process for the production of biomolecule from a fibrous substrate according to claim 1, wherein said collection is followed by a purification step arranged to obtain a purified batch of biomolecules.

3. Solid fermentation process for the production of biomolecules according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein said extraction is chosen from an extraction from the fungal biomass obtained or a series of rinsing of the culture medium with an aqueous phase, making it possible to collect an aqueous phase enriched in biomolecule. 4.A solid fermentation process for the production of biomolecules according to claim 3, wherein the rinsing series comprises 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more rinses, each rinse being carried out at intervals of 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 days.

5. A solid fermentation process for the production of biomolecules according to any preceding claim wherein the biomolecule is a surfactant selected from sophrolipids, mannosylerythritol lipids (MEL), trehalose lipids, xylolipids, cellobiose lipids, polylipids, lipopeptides, hydrophobins and a mixture thereof, and further preferably comprising the successive steps of - acidifying the culture medium comprising said surfactant to a pH below 4, so as to precipitate said surfactant, - removing the precipitate, - redissolving said precipitate and. - filtration.

6. A solid fermentation process for the production of biomolecules from a fibrous substrate according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said growth of said fungal strain is simultaneous with the production of biomolecules.

7. A solid fermentation process for the production of biomolecules from a fibrous substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein said growth of said fungal strain takes place before the production of biomolecules.

8. A solid fermentation process for the production of biomolecules from a fibrous substrate according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the agglomerated, woven or non-woven shredded fibrous substrate comprises both natural textile fibers and polymeric textile fibers. 9.

10. Solid fermentation process for the production of biomolecule from a fibrous substrate according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the agglomerated, woven or non-woven shredded fibrous substrate is a residue from the grinding of recycled or end-of-life textiles, more particularly recycled furnishing textiles, recycled mattresses, bathroom or bedding linens, clothing textiles, textile production scraps or waste, upholstery and mixtures thereof.

10. Solid fermentation process for the production of biomolecule from a fibrous substrate according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said fibrous substrate in agglomerated, woven or non-woven form is a residue from the grinding of recycled textiles chosen from upholstery, mattress and upholstery textiles and has a synthetic foam content of between 10 and 80%.

11. A solid fermentation process for the production of biomolecules from a fibrous substrate according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said fibrous substrate in agglomerated, woven or non-woven form is a residue from the grinding of lignocellulosic elements, such as for example residues from the grinding of agglomerated wood.

12. A solid fermentation process for the production of biomolecules from a fibrous substrate according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said conditioning step is carried out so as to obtain a conditioned fibrous substrate containing from 60 to 80% by weight of water relative to the weight of conditioned fibrous substrate, and is followed by the steps of - hygienizing said conditioned fibrous substrate to form a hygienized conditioned fibrous substrate, - Cooling the hygienized conditioned fibrous substrate for a period of time between 12 and 24 hours. 13.Solid fermentation process for the production of biomolecules from a fibrous substrate according to claim 12, wherein said hygienization is steam pasteurization to obtain a conditioned fibrous substrate hygienized for a period of at least 3 hours, preferably at least 4 hours, more preferably at least 5 hours at a temperature greater than or equal to 72°C.

14. Solid fermentation process for the production of biomolecules from a fibrous substrate according to claim 13, wherein the pasteurization is carried out at increasing temperature until a peak temperature greater than 85°C, more particularly 88°C, more particularly 90°C, is obtained, maintained for a period of time between 5 and 50 minutes, more particularly 30 and 40 min.

15. Solid fermentation process for the production of biomolecules from a fibrous substrate according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein said hygienization of the conditioned fibrous substrate is a composting comprising at least one composting cycle comprising a step of increasing the temperature until a temperature of between 55 and 80°C is obtained, more preferably until a temperature of between 58 and 65°C is obtained, for a period of time of between 6 hours and 5 days, followed by a step of aerating said fibrous substrate to maintain a temperature of between 46 and 49° for 3 to 7 days, optionally by turning the fibrous substrate. 16.

17. A solid fermentation process for the production of biomolecules from a fibrous substrate according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said step of conditioning said fibrous substrate to obtain a conditioned fibrous substrate comprises moistening the fibrous substrate and / or washing said fibrous substrate optionally followed by draining or drying.

17. A solid fermentation process for the production of biomolecules from a fibrous substrate according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said step of conditioning said fibrous substrate comprises an additional step of supplementing with essential elements, such as for example minerals (calcium, magnesium), phosphorus, carbon and nitrogen sources, typically to obtain a fibrous substrate whose carbon: nitrogen ratio is between 10 and 30, preferably between 15 and 20, for example by adding grains.

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