Device for generating heat and hydraulic heat generator for such a device

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for generating heat for feeding it into a heating circuit 12, comprising: - a high-pressure pump 2, driven by a motor, in particular an electric motor, and connected in a liquid circuit, with an inlet 4 through which the liquid to be pumped enters the pump 2, and with an outlet 5 from which the pumped liquid exits; - at least one heat generator 6, 24, connected in the liquid circuit and downstream of the pump 2, causing friction in the liquid flow by reducing the flow cross-section and designed in the manner of a hydraulic orifice with one or more flow openings, wherein the hydraulic orifice has a cross-sectional geometry that is not influenced by the delivery pressure of the liquid flow, so that the temperature of the liquid flow pumped by the at least one heat generator 6, 24 is increased; - a liquid storage tank 10, 10.1, 10.2, the contents of which can be heated by the liquid flow heated in the at least one heat generator, and - a heating circuit 12 connected to the liquid storage 10, 10.1, 10.2.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a device for generating heat for feeding the same into a heating circuit, having the features of the preamble of claim 1. The invention further relates to a hydraulic heat generator for such a device.

[0002] Examples of such devices include heat pumps. According to the heat pump principle, heat is extracted from a heat source, such as ambient air (outside air) or another heat source like the ground or groundwater, and transferred to an evaporator. The evaporator is part of a fluid circuit in which the heat extracted from the heat source evaporates the fluid in the circuit. This fluid is typically a refrigerant. This gaseous phase is compressed in a compressor, which increases the temperature of the gaseous fluid. In a second heat exchanger, this gas is liquefied through condensation, releasing heat. This heat exchanger is connected to a heating circuit, through which the extracted heat is distributed throughout a building. The liquefied refrigerant is then fed back to the evaporator via an expansion valve.While heat pumps are highly efficient for heating buildings, the flow temperature they can generate for a heating circuit is lower compared to conventional oil or gas heating systems, which do not operate radiant heating elements like underfloor heating. Converting existing buildings to heat pumps often requires not only extensive renovations but also modifications to the existing heating system. In any case, the lower flow temperature necessitates a significant increase in the size of the heat-radiating surfaces. Retrofitting underfloor heating may also be required. The associated costs, particularly the financial ones, are considerable.

[0003] From WO 2010 / 057491 A2, a device for mechanically heating a liquid is known. This device comprises a container with a circumferentially closed wall, containing the liquid to be heated. One or more elements with openings and / or capillaries and / or pores are arranged in the container, through which the liquid flows and is heated by the friction that occurs. For this purpose, one or more elements are set in rotation so that the liquid is forced through the elements, which are designed like vanes. While this principle allows heat to be generated, it does not generate enough heat to be effectively used for feeding into a heating circuit.

[0004] US 3,813,036 discloses a heating system. This previously known heating system comprises a closed oil circuit. Oil is pumped through a friction heating element, so that the temperature at the outlet of this friction heating element is higher than at the inlet. According to this previously known heating system, several such heating elements can also be arranged in parallel. One or more heat radiant units are connected downstream of the friction heating element(s), which act as heat generators. The generated heat is emitted via these units. The outlet of the heat radiant unit(s) is connected to a collection tank. The friction heating elements consist of woven metal wire compressed within a cylindrical block. A disadvantage of this previously known heating system is that the pump must be operated for the entire duration of the heating process.Furthermore, a disadvantage is that the cross-sectional area of ​​the heat generator, being made of woven wire, changes depending on the applied pressure. The maximum operating pressure is specified as 137 bar. This heating system is a standalone system and cannot be combined with an existing heating system.

[0005] From DE 195 13 059 A1, an energy conversion device with the features of the preamble of claim 1 is known. This previously known energy conversion device uses the waste heat of an oil-powered motor to drive a generator. This heat is supplied to a heat exchanger via a circulating line. The recovered heat is fed into a heating circuit. The oil-powered motor drives a generator to produce electricity. In this device, the heat generated as a result of the hydraulic pressure in the oil-powered motor is utilized, which is why, in this prior art, the oil-powered motor can be considered to operate in the manner of a hydraulic orifice.

[0006] In light of the aforementioned state of the art, it would therefore be desirable to have a device, particularly an electrically powered one, for generating heat for feeding into a heating circuit, with which flow temperatures can also be generated that correspond to those of a conventional oil or gas heating system that supplies heat to radiators as heat-emitting elements. Furthermore, there is a desire for an energy-efficient hydraulic heat generator, as well as for an improved method for hydraulically generating heat.

[0007] The object of the invention is therefore to propose solutions for this.

[0008] The problem relating to the device is solved by a device for generating heat for the purpose of feeding it into a heating circuit with the features of claim 1.

[0009] The advantages and further developments of these solutions result from the sub-claims and the description below.

[0010] The heat generation device according to the invention comprises a high-pressure pump, preferably driven by an electric motor. This high-pressure pump is connected to a fluid circuit. The fluid flow exiting the pump outlet supplies at least one heat generator downstream of the pump. This heat generator is designed like a hydraulic orifice with one or more flow openings. This reduces the cross-sectional area through which the fluid flows, thus providing a corresponding back pressure.

[0011] The sum of these openings then represents the free cross-sectional area through which the fluid can flow. The heat generator thus introduces heat into it via the friction generated in the fluid flow conveyed by the at least one heat generator, so that the temperature of the fluid flow conveyed through the heat generator by the high-pressure pump is higher at its outlet than at its inlet. The higher the back pressure through the hydraulic orifice of the heat generator, the greater the temperature difference that can be coupled into the fluid flow. A temperature difference sufficient for many applications can be generated with back pressures of more than 120 to 150 bar. High-pressure pumps capable of overcoming a back pressure of 200 bar or more are preferably used. The back pressure provided by the heat generator, or rather the hydraulic orifice it supplies, is designed to be correspondingly high.Therefore, the term "high-pressure pump" used in this context refers to pumps capable of overcoming a back pressure exceeding 120 bar, particularly a back pressure exceeding 180 bar, for example, 200–230 bar. The heat generator can be designed to include several such hydraulic orifices connected in series in the direction of fluid flow, or it can be configured with several individual heat generators connected in series. These heat generators can certainly be of different types. However, to minimize operational complexity, it is preferable to use only a single heat generator. According to a preferred embodiment, the hydraulic orifice has only a single flow opening. In one embodiment, this opening is designed as a nozzle.A particularly advantageous design is one in which the heat generator, in addition to its hydraulic orifice, also includes a pressure relief chamber located directly at the outlet of the hydraulic orifice in the direction of flow of the conveyed fluid.

[0012] Between the first or last heat generator (in the direction of flow) and the liquid storage tank, there is a pressure relief section where the pumped liquid expands to prevent it from entering the storage tank at excessive pressure. The liquid storage tank is preferably thermally insulated so that the heat introduced into the liquid by the heat generator(s) can be stored within it. Such a liquid storage tank could, for example, be the hot water storage tank (boiler) already present in a conventional oil or gas heating system. The heating circuit, which is supplied by the liquid heated in the storage tank, is connected to this tank. The heating circuit can be connected to the liquid storage tank independently of a heat generation circuit pumped by the pump.A circulation pump integrated into this heating circuit ensures the necessary fluid transport to the individual heat output points. It is possible to configure the system in which the return line of the heating circuit is directly connected to the pump's supply line. In this case, the heating circuit can also be operated in series with the heat generator.

[0013] To reheat the contents of such a liquid storage tank to the desired flow temperature after a temperature drop, without having to circulate the liquid through the entire heating circuit, it is advantageous to provide a bypass line that connects the liquid storage tank directly to the pump's inlet. This bypass line then provides a heat generation circuit. When the pump is running, the contents of the liquid storage tank can be heated to the desired temperature by circulating the fluid. The liquid storage tank is typically equipped with a temperature sensor to monitor the liquid temperature. Studies have shown that with such a heat generation system and a heat generator whose hydraulic orifice provides a back pressure of approximately 200 bar, 30 liters of water can be heated by 10°C per minute.In a correspondingly short time, a liquid container of 80 liters, which corresponds to the usual size of a conventional boiler, is heated back up to the desired temperature.

[0014] In another embodiment, the fluid circuit, whose fluid is hydraulically heated in the manner described above, is a separate heating or heat generation circuit. Heat introduced into this circuit is extracted by means of a heat exchanger and transferred to the fluid in a heating circuit or to the fluid in a liquid storage tank. This has the advantage that the fluid circulated in the heating circuit can be different from the fluid circulated in a heating circuit and also stored in the liquid storage tank. Therefore, the fluid circulated in the heating circuit can be selected with regard to its properties, particularly its energy-related characteristics for introducing mechanical heat, or its mass if kinetic energy is to be recovered from the heated fluid.

[0015] Furthermore, the hydraulic heat generator is designed to include an expansion chamber in addition to the required hydraulic orifice. The outlet of the hydraulic orifice leads directly into the expansion chamber. Expanding the fluid flow conveyed through the hydraulic orifice increases the temperature difference that can be coupled into the fluid flow. This is assumed to be due to the freer oscillation of atoms in the expansion chamber and the resulting heat input.

[0016] This heat generation device is designed to utilize not only the input temperature but also the kinetic energy coupled into the liquid during its heating, or to recuperate a portion of it. The kinetic energy coupled into the liquid flow for heat generation is not required for heating the liquid in the storage tank. Therefore, various embodiments provide for utilizing this kinetic energy by incorporating a drive unit into the flow path between the heat generator and the storage tank. This drive unit is powered by the liquid jet (flow) exiting the heat generator. Such a drive unit can be one that provides no or only minimal back pressure.According to another embodiment of such a heat generation device, the unit driven by the fluid flow itself generates a considerable back pressure. This is typically lower than the back pressure caused by the heat generator(s). In the first case, this could be, for example, a blade turbine arranged in a housing, possibly in the form of a rotor disc. In the second case, the unit could, for example, be an axial piston pump. Both measures allow the kinetic energy present in the fluid flow at the outlet side with respect to the hydraulic orifice to be utilized in order to recover energy, thereby improving the energy balance of the heat generation device.

[0017] In another such embodiment, the output of the heat generator is supplied to the input of a hydraulic motor, the output of which is connected to the fluid storage tank. The hydraulic motor, driven by the high-pressure pump, can be used, for example, to assist the drive of the high-pressure pump by the electric motor. This also improves the energy balance of the heat generation system, since the hydraulic motor assists the torque of the electric motor, thus reducing the amount of electrical energy required to operate the heat generation system.

[0018] If a significant back pressure is also provided by a unit downstream of the heat generator, as is the case, for example, with an axial piston pump, the friction it exerts on the fluid also contributes to a temperature increase of the fluid flowing through it. Therefore, such a design of the heat generation system can also be described as consisting of a first heat generator and a second heat generator downstream of it.

[0019] If a back-pressure generating unit, such as an axial piston motor, is connected downstream of a heat generator, a preferred embodiment provides for keeping the reduction in the flow cross-section due to the heat generator constant at least as far as possible up to the inlet of the downstream unit, thus requiring no expansion section, or at least no significant one, between the heat generator and the unit generating further back pressure.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, where the outlet of the hydraulic orifice leads directly into a expansion chamber, a rotating body driven by the high-pressure liquid jet entering the expansion chamber is provided. This rotating body is mounted on a rotating bearing. An advantage of this design is the particularly compact construction of the heat generator comprising the hydraulic orifice and the expansion chamber, since energy recovery via the rotating body driven by the liquid jet and energy recovery for improving the temperature lift that can be coupled into the liquid occur simultaneously. The expansion chamber itself has a liquid outlet from which the heated liquid is discharged without pressure and typically fed to a heat exchanger to utilize the heat coupled into the liquid flow.Such a rotating body generates no significant back pressure against the high-pressure fluid jet, so that the impact energy of the high-pressure fluid jet on the drive contours located around the circumference of the rotating body is converted, at least to a very large extent, into a rotational motion. The drive contours of such a rotating body, which according to one embodiment is designed as a rotating disc, are typically sawtooth-shaped, with the flank at the steeper angle of inclination being the one against which the high-pressure fluid jet impacts. The recuperative energy yield can be increased by a concave shape of the flanks of such drive contours facing away from the impacting high-pressure fluid jet, as this improves the recoil energy yield.

[0021] In such a configuration, where the high-pressure fluid jet exiting the hydraulic orifice enters a pressure-relieving chamber directly, the hydraulic orifice is designed like a nozzle. At a delivery pressure of 200 bar from the high-pressure pump, the high-pressure fluid jet exits the nozzle, which serves as the hydraulic orifice, at a speed of approximately 200 m / sec. This high-pressure fluid jet drives the rotating body, designed as a rotating disk according to a preferred embodiment, in the manner of a water wheel. Considerable rotational speeds can be achieved with this, reaching up to 50% of the speed of the high-pressure fluid jet exiting the nozzle. To increase the usable torque, a preferred embodiment provides that the rotating body, designed, for example, as a rotating disk, drives a shaft via a gear reduction.This then rotates at a correspondingly reduced speed, but with a correspondingly higher torque.

[0022] According to a preferred embodiment, the kinetic energy recuperated from the fluid flow conveyed by the heat generator is coupled into the heat generation system in order to improve the energy balance. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment, the kinetic energy recovered by the rotating body of such a heat generator is fed into the drive of an electric high-pressure pump, which pumps the fluid to be heated through the heat generator.

[0023] According to one embodiment, the shaft driven by the rotating body of the heat generator is connected to the motor shaft of the electric motor that drives the high-pressure pump. Consequently, the electrical energy required for operation is significantly lower after the initial start-up of the heat generation circuit. Investigations have shown that 3 to 4 kW of electrical power can be recovered in this way from the fluid flow conveyed through the hydraulic orifice (back pressure 200 bar). In the tests conducted, an electric motor with a power output of 7.5 kW was used to drive the high-pressure pump. For operation of the heat generator with a generation circuit containing approximately 3 liters of fluid, it was determined that only 2.4 kW of actual electrical power is required to operate the system.The remaining energy comes from the recuperated kinetic energy that is not required for heat utilization.

[0024] In addition to the advantage of a very compact design of such a heat generator, it is also advantageous that the liquid outlet is virtually pressureless and that simple heat exchangers, such as plate heat exchangers, can be used for utilizing the heat.

[0025] The recuperation rate of such a heat generator can be increased at the same back pressure of the hydraulic orifice by increasing the mass of the fluid conveyed through the hydraulic orifice. Consistently positive results were achieved when heavy water, for example in the form of a sodium polytungstate solution with a correspondingly higher density, was used instead of water as the conveying fluid. The mass impacting the drive contours of the rotating body is correspondingly higher, which has a positive effect on the recuperated torque.

[0026] In a further development, the heat generator is incorporated into a heat exchanger. In this configuration, the heat generator is located within a heat exchanger housing, with a fluid passage between the heat generator and the housing. The housing has a flow and return connection and is integrated into a heat exchanger circuit. This allows the heat radiated from the surface of the heat generator to be utilized. This additional heat recovery can, as is the case in a preferred embodiment, also be used to heat the liquid in the storage tank. A particularly effective way to utilize the heat radiated by the heat generator is to use the heat generator heat exchanger as a heat source for a heat pump.In such a case, a refrigerant is used as the heat exchanger fluid. This refrigerant flows into the heat exchanger of the heat generator in liquid form via the return connection, evaporates due to the heat from the heat generator, and exits as a gas from the supply connection. A compressor connected to the supply line compresses the gaseous refrigerant. Downstream of this is a heat exchanger in which the heat supplied by the refrigerant is extracted and transferred to the liquid storage tank. This heat exchanger is connected to the liquid storage tank via a corresponding liquid supply and return line.

[0027] In the heat generation circuit, if it is an open circuit in which the fluid of the heating circuit and / or that of the liquid storage tank is integrated, appropriate valves are provided for controlling or switching the system. The same applies to the heating circuit connected to the liquid storage tank. When a closed heat generation circuit is used, from which the heat introduced into the fluid circulated within it is extracted by means of one or more heat exchangers, such modifications to the fluid flow are generally not necessary.

[0028] Preferably, water is used as the fluid in such a heat generation device, particularly when it is to be connected to an existing heating system. The water can be easily heated to the desired or required flow temperature using the aforementioned heat generation device. In an existing, especially conventional, heating system, the water tank can serve as a fluid storage tank. Water as the fluid for operating the heat generation device is also advantageous because water can withstand less shear force than oil, thus improving the temperature efficiency. Connecting the preferably electrically driven pump and the heat generator(s) to an existing oil or gas heating system is possible without significant effort. Therefore, the aforementioned heat generation device is particularly suitable for retrofitting an existing oil or gas heating system.Thus, an existing oil or gas heating system, supplemented with a heat generation unit, can certainly be operated predominantly with green energy in a hybrid system. Compared to retrofitting or installing heat pumps, the advantages of such a heat generation unit include the low purchase costs and, above all, its integration into existing heating systems, and therefore its cost-effectiveness.

[0029] The invention is described below with reference to exemplary embodiments. The figures shown are: Fig. 1: A heat generation device according to the invention, in the form of a schematic block diagram, Fig. 2: A heat generation device according to a further embodiment of the invention, Fig. 3: A heat generation device according to yet another embodiment according to the invention, Fig. 4:A cross-sectional view through a heat generator designed to produce heat for feeding into a heating circuit and Fig. 5: A side view of the compact heat generator of the Figure 4 .

[0030] The in Figure 1 The heat generation device 1 shown includes a high-pressure pump 2. The high-pressure pump 2 is driven by an electric motor 3, which has a power input so that it can be connected to the 220 V mains supply.

[0031] The high-pressure pump 2 has an inlet 4. The fluid to be pumped enters this inlet. The fluid pumped by the pump 2 is discharged from the pump 2 through an outlet 5. A heat generator 6 is connected to the outlet 5. The heat generator 6 provides back pressure to the fluid flow pumped by the pump 2. In the illustrated embodiment, this back pressure is approximately 200 bar. The high-pressure pump 2 is therefore designed so that the fluid flow it pumps can overcome this back pressure. This back pressure from the heat generator 6 is provided by a hydraulic orifice plate with a single opening. This orifice plate significantly reduces the cross-sectional area through which the fluid can flow. This orifice plate induces turbulence and thus friction in the fluid flow pumped through it, which in turn results in an increase in the temperature of the fluid flow pumped by the heat generator.Thus, in the heat generation device 1, a fluid flow is heated by introducing kinetic energy and therefore by friction.

[0032] In the illustrated embodiment, an axial piston pump 7 is connected downstream of the heat generator 6, which drives a generator 8. Between the heat generator 6 and the inlet of the axial piston pump 7, the fluid flow conveyed by the heat generator 6 is not expanded, or at least not significantly. The back pressure provided by the axial piston pump 7 is lower than the back pressure provided by the heat generator 6 to the fluid flow conveyed by the pump 2. In this embodiment, the kinetic energy (energy of motion) introduced into the fluid flow is used to drive the axial piston pump 7 and thus the generator 8. Since the axial piston motor 7 also opposes the incoming fluid flow with back pressure, the fluid flow also experiences friction in the axial piston motor 7, which contributes to a further increase in its temperature.Therefore, in this configuration of the heat generation device 1, the axial piston motor 7 can also be referred to as a heat generator.

[0033] The outlet of the axial piston pump 7 is connected via a line 9 to a liquid storage tank 10. In the illustrated embodiment, the line 9 serves as a pressure relief line to reduce the pressure of the liquid flowing through it. The liquid storage tank 10 is a boiler, which is also connected, in a manner not shown in detail, to a burner operated with fossil fuels (oil or gas burner). The capacity of the liquid storage tank 10 is, for example, 80 liters.

[0034] In an embodiment not shown in the figures, the output of the heat generator 6 is directly connected to the liquid storage tank 10.

[0035] In a further development of the heat generation device 1 shown in the figure, a bypass line is inserted into the fluid flow between the heat generator 6 and the fluid storage tank 10, via which the fluid flow can be introduced directly from the heat generator 6 into the fluid storage tank 10, bypassing the axial piston pump 7.

[0036] The liquid storage tank 10 is connected directly to the inlet 4 of the pump 2 via a bypass line 11. In this way, a heat generation circuit is provided, through which the liquid contents in the liquid storage tank 10 can be heated by circulating heat.

[0037] The liquid storage tank 10 is connected to a heating circuit 12, the flow of which is indicated by reference numeral 13 and the return of which is indicated by reference numeral 14 in the figure. One or more circulation pumps are used to circulate the liquid in the heating circuit 12. The heating systems already present in the building (typically radiators) are typically connected to the heating circuit 12 for heat distribution.

[0038] Figure 2 Figure 1.1 shows a heat generation device which is basically constructed like the one described above. Figure 1The described heat generation unit 1. Therefore, the descriptions of heat generation unit 1 apply equally to heat generation unit 1.1. Identical components are indicated with the same reference numerals, supplemented by a ".1" in the figure. Heat generation unit 1.1 differs from heat generation unit 1 in that a hydraulic motor 15 is connected downstream of the heat generator 6.1 before the fluid heated by the heat generator 6.1 is supplied to the fluid storage tank 10.1. The hydraulic motor 15 is mounted on the drive shaft of the electric motor 3.1 and thus assists in driving the high-pressure pump 2.1.

[0039] This means that the torque provided by the hydraulic motor 15 does not have to be supplied by the electric motor 3.1 to drive the high-pressure pump 2.1, which is reflected in a reduced current consumption of the electric motor 3.1.

[0040] Figure 3Figure 1 shows a further heat-generating device 1.2. This corresponds to heat-generating device 1, therefore the descriptions regarding it also apply to heat-generating device 1.2. Identical components are indicated in the figure by the same reference numerals, supplemented by a ".2". Heat-generating device 1.2 is ultimately a further development of heat-generating device 1. Likewise, any other heat-generating device according to the invention could also be further developed by the further development described below. In the further development of heat-generating device 1 to form heat-generating device 1.2, the heat radiated by the heat generator 6.2 via its outer surface is utilized. The heat generator 6.2 is part of a heat exchanger, which is why this unit is also referred to below as the heat generator heat exchanger 16. The heat generator 6.2, which, as in the other embodiments, is constructed, for example, from three hydraulic orifices connected in series, is located in a heat exchanger housing 17. The heat exchanger housing 17 has a return connection 18 and a supply connection 19. The fluid to be heated in the heat generator heat exchanger 16 is introduced via the return connection 18 into the fluid path between the housing 17 and the shell surface of the heat generator 6.2 and exits heated from the supply connection 19 when the heat generation device 1.2 is in operation. The heat generator heat exchanger 16 is connected to a heat exchanger circuit. In the case of . Figure 3In the illustrated embodiment, the heat exchanger circuit is a heat pump circuit. A compressor 22 is integrated into the supply line 20, which supplies a heat exchanger 21. The heat exchanger 21 is connected to the return connection 18 of the heat generator's heat exchanger 16 via a return line 23. In the illustrated embodiment, the heat exchanger 21 itself has a condenser. A refrigerant commonly used for this purpose serves as the heat exchanger fluid.

[0041] The heat exchanger 21 is connected to the liquid storage tank 10.2 via the supply line 20 and the return line 23. This means that the liquid in the liquid storage tank 10.2 is heated not only by the liquid jet heated by the heat generator 6.2, but also by the heat extracted by the heat pump. For this reason, the energy balance of the heat generation unit 1.2 is particularly favorable.

[0042] Figure 4Figure 24 shows a heat generator. This generator has a nozzle 25 as a hydraulic orifice. The nozzle 25 is connected on the inlet side to the outlet of an electrically driven high-pressure pump. In the illustrated embodiment, the nozzle 25 provides a back pressure of 200 bar. The nozzle 25 extends through a wall 26 of a housing 27. Outside the housing 27 is a connection 28, which is connected to the outlet of an electrically driven high-pressure pump (not shown in the figures). The housing 27 consists of two housing halves, which are connected to each other in a liquid-tight manner by means of screws 29. The outlet 30 of the nozzle 25 opens into a pressure expansion chamber 31. The pressure expansion chamber 31 has a first section in which a rotating disk 32 is arranged as a rotating body and is rotatably mounted in the two housing halves by means of an axle 33.A liquid outlet 34 also opens into the expansion chamber 31, through which the liquid introduced into the expansion chamber 31 via the nozzle 25 is discharged without pressure. In the illustrated embodiment, a plate heat exchanger is connected to the liquid outlet 34, with which the heat coupled into the liquid flow conveyed by the heat generator 24 during operation is extracted and supplied for a useful purpose. In the illustrated embodiment, this is used to heat the liquid located in a liquid storage tank connected to a heating circuit. The heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure pump via a return line. Thus, in this embodiment, the heat generator 24 is connected to a heat generation circuit.

[0043] The rotating disk 32 has sawtooth-like drive contours 35 around its circumference, the steeper flanks of which point towards the outlet 30 of the nozzle 25 and thus against the direction of rotation. In the illustrated embodiment, where the rotating disk 32 is shown in a longitudinal section, these sawtooth-like drive contours 35 are designed as concave, crescent-shaped pockets.

[0044] A reduction gear is also arranged in the relaxation chamber 31, via which a shaft 36 is driven. In the illustrated embodiment, the reduction ratio from the drive wheel 32 to the shaft 36 is 1:4.

[0045] In the heat generator 24, the expansion chamber 31 downstream of the nozzle 25 outlet 30 not only improves the heat transfer to the liquid flow conveyed through the nozzle 25, but also simultaneously recuperates the kinetic energy contained in the high-pressure liquid jet via the drive of the impeller 32 and makes it usable via the shaft 36. In the illustrated embodiment, the shaft 36 is connected to the motor shaft of the electric motor driving the high-pressure pump, or the shaft 36 is the motor shaft of the electric motor. Thus, recuperated energy is fed directly back into the heating system. Therefore, only a significantly reduced electrical power is required to operate the heat generation circuit with the heat generator 24 integrated therein. The high-pressure pump, to which the heat generator 24 is connected, delivers the liquid through the nozzle 25 at 200 bar.The electric motor used to operate the high-pressure pump is powered by a 7.5 kW motor. So much energy is recuperated that the actual electrical energy used to operate the heat generation circuit is only about 2.4 kW. The actual electrical consumption is correspondingly low. This also has a positive effect on the operation of the electric motor, as it does not have to provide all the torque required to drive the high-pressure pump, thus significantly reducing its heating. In the illustrated embodiment, the motor shaft of the electric motor driving the high-pressure pump receives the greater share of the torque via shaft 36 and thus via the energy recovered from the high-pressure fluid jet exiting nozzle 25. A heat generation circuit with a heat generator like the one in the [reference missing] also [reference missing]. Figures 4 and 5As described, it can easily be connected to an existing heating system.

[0046] The following are some examples: 1. Device for generating heat for feeding it into a heating circuit 12, comprising a high-pressure pump 2, driven by a motor, in particular an electric motor, and connected in a liquid circuit, with an inlet 4 through which the liquid to be pumped enters the pump 2, and with an outlet 5 from which the pumped liquid exits; at least one heat generator 6, 24 connected in the liquid circuit, downstream of the pump 2, causing friction in the liquid flow by reducing the flow cross-section, and designed in the manner of a hydraulic orifice with one or more flow openings, wherein the hydraulic orifice has a cross-sectional geometry that is not influenced by the delivery pressure of the liquid flow, so that the temperature of the liquid flow pumped by the at least one heat generator 6, 24 is increased; and a liquid storage tank 10, 10.1, 10.2, the contents of which can be heated by the liquid flow heated in the at least one heat generator, and a heating circuit 12 connected to the liquid storage tank 10, 10.1, 10.2. 2. Device according to paragraph 1, wherein the heat generator 6, 24, designed in the manner of a hydraulic orifice, has a single flow opening. 3. Device according to paragraph 2, wherein the hydraulic orifice is designed in the manner of a nozzle 25. 4. Device according to one of paragraphs 1 to 3, wherein the heat generator 6 is constructed from several hydraulic orifices connected in series. 5. Device according to one of paragraphs 1 to 4, wherein the high-pressure liquid jet exiting the at least one flow opening of the hydraulic orifice of the heat generator 6 drives a unit. 6. Device according to paragraph 5, wherein the unit driven by the high-pressure liquid jet is a hydraulic axial piston motor 7. 7.Device according to paragraph 6, wherein a generator 8 is driven by the axial piston motor 7. 8. Device according to paragraph 5, wherein the unit driven by the high-pressure liquid jet is a hydraulic motor 15 assisting the drive of the high-pressure pump 2.1. 9. Device according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 8, wherein the heat generator 24 comprises an expansion chamber 31 immediately downstream of the at least one hydraulic orifice. 10. Device according to paragraph 9, wherein the hydraulic orifice opens into an expansion chamber 31 with a rotating body 32 located therein, driven by the liquid jet exiting the at least one flow opening, and which expansion chamber 31 has a liquid outlet 34 for discharging the heated liquid. 11.12. Device according to paragraph 10, wherein the rotating body 32 drives a shaft 36 via a gear reduction to utilize the kinetic energy gained by driving the rotating body 32. 11. Device according to paragraph 11, wherein the drive shaft 36 driven by the rotating body 32 is connected to the motor shaft of the high-pressure pump's motor drive, or the drive shaft driven by the rotating body 32 is the motor shaft of the motor drive. 12. Device according to any one of paragraphs 10 to 12, wherein the drive contours 35 of the rotating body 32 are formed by pockets with a toothed cross-section. 13.Device according to any one of digits 10 to 13, wherein the fluid flow exiting the expansion chamber 31 is supplied to a heat exchanger for transferring entrained heat to the fluid conveyed in the heating circuit or contained in the fluid storage tank and is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure pump via a return line. 15. Device according to any one of digits 1 to 14, wherein the heat generator 6.2 is located in a housing 17, wherein a fluid passage is provided between the housing and the heat generator 6.2 to utilize heat radiated by the latter in the manner of a heat exchanger, and wherein the housing 17 is connected in a heat exchanger circuit. 16. Device according to digit 15, wherein the heat generator 6.2 is connected in a heat exchanger circuit designed as a heat pump with a refrigerant as the heat exchanger fluid. 17. Device according to digit 16, wherein the housing 17 with the heat generator 6.2 located therein is connected in a heat exchanger circuit designed as a heat pump with a refrigerant as the heat exchanger fluid.2. The housing has a vertical extension, wherein the housing outlet, from which the refrigerant evaporated by the heat of the heat generator 6.2 exits, is located in the upper end region of the housing 17, and the inlet of the liquid refrigerant is located in the lower end region of the housing 17. 18. Device according to one of digits 1 to 13 or 15 to 17, wherein the return 14 of the heating circuit 12 is connected to the inlet 4 of the pump 2. 19. Device according to one of digits 1 to 13 or 15 to 18, wherein a bypass line 11 connecting the liquid storage tank 10 to the inlet 4, bypassing the heating circuit 12, is connected to the inlet 4 of the pump 2. 20. Device according to any one of items 1 to 19, wherein the liquid pumped by the high-pressure pump 2 is water or an aqueous solution, in particular a heavy liquid such as a sodium polytungstate solution. 21.Hydraulic heat generator with a hydraulic orifice having at least one flow opening, in particular for a device according to any one of digits 1 to 20, wherein the at least one flow opening of the hydraulic orifice opens into a pressure expansion chamber 31 with a rotating body 32 located therein, driven by the liquid jet exiting the at least one flow opening, the pressure expansion chamber 31 having a liquid outlet 34 for discharging the heated liquid. 22. Heat generator according to digit 21, wherein the hydraulic orifice has a single flow opening and this is designed as a nozzle 25. 23. Heat generator according to digit 21 or 22, wherein the rotating body 32 has blade-shaped drive contours 35. 24.25. Heat generator according to any one of items 21 to 23, wherein the rotating body 32 drives a shaft 36 via a gear reduction to utilize the kinetic energy gained by driving the rotating body 32. 26. Heat generator according to item 24, wherein the rotating body is designed as a disk 32 with drive contours 35 extending over its circumference. 27. Method for hydraulically generating heat in a liquid, wherein the liquid to be heated is pumped at high pressure through a hydraulic orifice having at least one flow opening, and kinetic energy is recovered from the high-pressure liquid jet exiting the hydraulic orifice. 28. Method according to item 26, wherein the recovered kinetic energy is fed into the drive system as drive energy to drive a high-pressure pump for conveying the liquid to be heated.Method according to paragraphs 26 or 27, wherein the high-pressure fluid jet exiting the at least one flow opening of the hydraulic orifice expands and simultaneously drives a rotating body, such as a rotating disk 32, to recover kinetic energy introduced into the pumped fluid, wherein the rotational motion generated in this way is used as recuperative energy to drive the high-pressure pump for pumping the fluid to be heated.

[0047] The invention has been described using exemplary embodiments. Without departing from the scope of protection described by the applicable claims, numerous further embodiments of the inventive concept would be apparent to a person skilled in the art, without these needing to be explained in more detail within the scope of these explanations. Reference symbol list 1, 1.2 Heat generation unit 33 axis 2, 2.1 High-pressure pump 35 Liquid outlet 3, 3.1 electric motor 35 Drive contour 4 Inflow 36 Wave 5 Run 6, 6.1, 6.2 Heat generator 7 Axial piston pump 8 generator 9 Bypass line 10, 10.1, 10.2 Fluid storage 11 Bypass line 12 heating circuit 13 Preliminary 14 Return 15 hydraulic motor 16 Heat generator heat exchanger 17 Housing 18 Return connection 19 Supply connection 20 Pre-line 21 Heat exchanger 22 compressor 23 Return line 24 Heat generator 25 nozzle 26 Wall 27 Housing 28 Connection 29 screw 30 Exit 31 Relaxation chamber 32 disc

Claims

1. Device for generating heat for the purpose of feeding it into a heating circuit (12), comprising: - a liquid circuit; - a high-pressure pump (2) connected in the liquid circuit, driven by a motor, in particular an electric motor, with an inlet (4) through which the liquid to be pumped enters the pump (2), and with an outlet (5) from which the pumped liquid exits; - at least one heat generator (6, 24) connected in the liquid circuit, downstream of the pump (2), causing friction in the liquid flow by reducing the flow cross-section, and designed in the manner of a hydraulic orifice with one or more flow openings, wherein the hydraulic orifice has a cross-sectional geometry that is not influenced by the delivery pressure of the liquid flow, so that the temperature of the liquid flow pumped by the at least one heat generator (6, 24) is increased.- a liquid storage tank (10, 10.1, 10.2) whose contents can be heated by the liquid flow heated in the at least one heat generator, and - a heating circuit (12) connected to the liquid storage tank (10, 10.1, 10.2), , characterized by the fact that the heat generator (24) comprises a pressure relief chamber (31) immediately downstream of at least one hydraulic orifice, which has a liquid outlet (34) for conveying away the heated liquid, and the hydraulic orifice opens into the pressure relief chamber (31) as part of the device (1, 1.2) with a rotating body (32) located therein, driven by the liquid jet exiting from the at least one flow opening for energy recovery, as part of the device (1, 1.2).

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact thatThe heat generator (6, 24), designed in the manner of a hydraulic orifice, has a single flow opening designed in the manner of a nozzle (25).

3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the rotating body (32) drives a shaft (36) via a gear reduction to utilize the kinetic energy gained by driving the rotating body (32).

4. Device according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that the drive shaft (36) driven by the rotating body (32) is connected to the motor shaft of the motor drive of the high pressure pump or the drive shaft driven by the rotating body (32) is the motor shaft of the motor drive.

5. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by the fact that the drive contours (35) of the rotating body (32) are formed by pockets with a sawtooth cross-section.

6. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by the fact that The liquid flow exiting the expansion chamber (31) is subjected to a heat exchanger for transferring entrained heat to the liquid pumped in the heating circuit or contained in the liquid storage tank and is connected to the inlet of the high pressure pump via a return line.

7. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by the fact that The heat generator is located in a heat exchanger housing, with a fluid passage provided between the heat generator and the housing, and the housing being connected to a heat exchanger circuit via a flow and return connection.

8. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by the fact that the heat generator (6.2) is connected to a heat exchanger circuit designed as a heat pump with a refrigerant as the heat exchanger fluid.

9. Device according to claim 8, characterized by the fact thatThe housing (17) with the heat generator (6.2) located therein has a vertical extension, wherein the housing outlet, from which the refrigerant evaporated by the heat of the heat generator (6.2) exits, is located in the upper end region of the housing (17) and the inlet of the liquid refrigerant is located in the lower end region of the housing (17).

10. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 9 characterized by the fact that the return (14) of the heating circuit (12) is connected to the inlet (4) of the pump (2).

11. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized by the fact that a bypass line (11) is connected to the inlet (4) of the pump (2) connecting the liquid storage tank (10) to the inlet (4) bypassing the heating circuit (12).

12. Hydraulic heat generator with a hydraulic orifice having at least one flow opening, characterized by the fact thatThe hydraulic heat generator comprises a pressure expansion chamber (30) with a rotating body (32) located therein, wherein the at least one flow opening of the hydraulic orifice opens into the pressure expansion chamber (31) with a rotating body (32) located therein, driven by the liquid jet exiting from the at least one flow opening in the application case for energy recovery, which pressure expansion chamber (31) has a liquid outlet (34) for conveying away the heated liquid.

13. Heat generator according to claim 13, characterized by the fact that the rotating body (32) is designed such that, by means of a gear reduction, it drives a shaft (36) as part of the hydraulic heat generator to utilize the kinetic energy obtained by driving the rotating body.

14. Heat generator according to claim 12 or 13, characterized by the fact thatThe heat generator is located in a heat exchanger housing, with a fluid passage provided between the heat generator and the housing, and the housing being connected to a heat exchanger circuit via a flow and return connection.

15. Heat generator according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterized by the fact that the rotating body (32) has paddle-shaped drive contours (35).

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