Panel-based assembly

Abstract

A panel-based assembly (310) for a building structure, comprising: - a first joining member (100), which comprises a base sheet, a first flange, and a second flange, wherein the first flange and the second flange are connected to the base sheet in a distance from each other defining a channel extending between the first flange and the second flange, wherein the first flange and the second flange are connected to the base sheet on the same side of the base sheet, and - a sandwich panel (200) comprising an inner sheet, an outer sheet, and a core of insulation material sandwiched between the inner sheet and the outer sheet, wherein a first layered face of the sandwich panel comprising the inner sheet, the core and the outer sheet is received in the channel of the first joining member (100).

Description

[0001] PANEL-BASED ASSEMBLY

[0002] Field of disclosure

[0003] The present invention relates to prefabricated elements for use in building construction, and to assemblies or structures made from these elements, as well as methods of manufacturing or assembling these elements.

[0004] Background

[0005] Today low-rise buildings can be constructed in many different ways, providing different benefits but often also with drawbacks.

[0006] For example traditional brick constructions provide supporting walls with brick layers that provides strong support against vertical loads as well as shear loads. In order to insulate the construction, an outer and inner brick wall has traditionally been constructed to provide a cavity wherein insulation material is provided. As energy prices have risen and global warming increased, the requirements to insulate buildings have also increased. In some cases this has led to the construction of buildings wherein load-bearing inner walls may be built up using so-called breeze blocks, which have improved insulating properties. An outer non-load bearing brick layer may enclose additional insulation material and enhance aesthetic appearances as well as protecting against the elements. However, these constructions are typically costly as the bricks or blocks are expensive and the construction is done on-site. Even further, compared to wood, bricks and concrete based breeze blocks have a high emission of carbon dioxide during production.

[0007] Traditional wood constructions, although lower in carbon dioxide emission, are also quite expensive as construction on-site is necessary and quite complex as uprights are used to support vertical loads and diagonal members are used to support shear loads. On top of this, additional internal and external cladding together with insulation has to be built around and adapted to the construction.

[0008] Thus, common for both the traditional construction methods above is that they are performed on-site which generally makes them expensive. More recently, modular construction elements have been available for construction. Typically concrete based modules have been provided which have been manufactured relative cheap off-site and then transported to the on-site location for quick assembly. However, although having good vertical and shear load properties, the concrete element often exceeds the load bearing requirement requirements for low-rise buildings while the concrete based modules still emit relative high carbon emission during production.

[0009] As an alternative modular solution so-called SIPs (Structural Insulated Panels), a type of sandwich panel, have been provided, which also advantageously can be manufactured off-site. These panels are formed of two sheets of a wood-based product, typically oriented strand board (OSB), which sandwich a layer of insulation material. Such sandwich panels form unitary elements that can be handled as single elements. The insulation material is fixed to the sheets, typically by using adhesive to adhere the insulation material to the sheets. Manufacturing SIPs are very environmentally friendly with a much lower carbon emission compared to concrete based modules described above.

[0010] However, in order to deal with vertical load and shear loads SIPs are currently assembled together with structural steel or girders which are secured to the deck via point anchoring. Similar to the concrete modules described above such construction more than sufficiently fulfils the vertical and shear load requirement. However, using steel also generates high emissions of carbon dioxide compared to for example woodbased constructions. See for example W02009 / 153232 or WO2014 / 187726 which disclose assemblies using metal based profiles in their structural and load bearing construction.

[0011] Accordingly, there exists a need for a solution for low-rise buildings where prefabricated elements and sandwich panel can be used in an even more carbon emission friendly and sustainable manner.

[0012] Summary

[0013] In a first aspect there is disclosed a joining member comprising a base sheet, a first flange and a second flange. The first and second flange are connected to the base sheet in a distance from each other such that a channel is defined which extends between the first and the second flange. Thus, the joining member forms a unitary member which is treated and handled as a single and separate element.

[0014] Accordingly, a joining member comprising three structural elements, the base sheet and the two flanges is provided. These elements may be formed of commonly known construction members. These may be of simple three-dimensional geometric shape having a length, a width and a thickness dimension.

[0015] The structural elements may be elongated members with a trapezoidal cross section, i.e. having six faces. In preferred embodiments, one or more or all of these structural elements may be defined by a rectangular cross section. In order to distinguish between these elements other terms than “faces” may be used. For example, as will be understood below the base sheet will be described as having sides and the flanges are described as having surfaces.

[0016] Said structural elements may be comprised of commonly available construction members as known within the building industry, such as battens, bars, laths, sheets, plates and panels etc.

[0017] For example, in an embodiment a channel side and a flat side facing opposite each other describes the two main sides of the base sheet, i.e. the two sides defining the largest area. The channel side and the flat side can be shaped as rectangles and define the width and length of the base sheet. The channel side and the flat side extend longitudinally along the length of the base sheet, between a first end side and a second end side. Extending along the edges and at a right angle to the channel side and the flat side are a first edge side and a second edge side facing in opposite direction.

[0018] In one embodiment the channel side, the flat side, the first end side, the second end side, the first edge side and the second end side are arranged at right angles to each other.

[0019] Similarly, in another embodiment the flanges may have an upper surface and a lower surface arranged opposite each other and an inner surface and an outer surface arranged opposite each other describing the four main surfaces of the flanges which extend longitudinally along the length of the flange between a first end surface and a second end surface.

[0020] In one embodiment the upper surface, the lower surface, the inner surface, the outer surface, the first end surface and the second end surface are arranged at right angles to each other.

[0021] As described herein the base sheet is described as having sides, whereas the flanges are described as having surfaces. This terminology is used to distinguish the different surface, faces and sides as belonging to different elements and parts when discussed herein. The surfaces, faces and sides may be planar.

[0022] The elements can for example be formed of wood based materials, in particular using standard off-the shelf elements in the building industry. Seeing that many off-the shelf wood based element are rectangular shaped a joining member formed from such shaped elements is easy and cheap to manufacture.

[0023] Furthermore a joining member according to the first aspect provides good load-bearing properties, can easily be modified and adjusted on-site, is relative light and has a lower carbon footprint compared to similar elements formed of concrete or metal.

[0024] The joining member may be provided in a number of different embodiments, considering materials, size, dimension, design etc. to obtain properties that are preferred for a specific purpose.

[0025] In one embodiment the first flange and the second flange are connected to the base sheet on the same side of the base sheet, for example on the channel side. Thus, the first and the second flange extends from the same side of the base sheet.

[0026] The first flange and the second flange add structural strength to the base sheet.

[0027] Such a joining member is advantageous because the defined channel can easily receive an additional structural element in the form of sandwich panel, in particular, a prefabricated sandwich panel as will be further discussed. As will be discussed herein, various embodiments of the joining member can be provided and used in a panel-based system for a building structure as discussed below. Thus, embodiments relating to the joining member may also be discussed in relation to further aspects herein. In particular, it is noted that the joining member according to the present invention, though of a simple geometric form and comprised of commonly available construction members, provides excellent load-bearing and structural properties. Joining members might be used at various locations and in various orientations within a building structure, thereby compensating for different loads, like vertical, perpendicular, bending and / or shear loads.

[0028] The joining member according to the invention is essentially beneficial in regards to bending strength in order to support the sandwich panels in non-vertical applications as will be described further below.

[0029] Furthermore, as can be understood, using a sandwich panel as discussed herein in a panel-based system for a building structure opens up for different construction options as loads can be distributed to the sandwich panel. Accordingly, in a second aspect there is disclosed a sandwich panel.

[0030] The sandwich panel may comprise an inner sheet, an outer sheet, and a core of insulation material sandwiched between the inner sheet and the outer sheet.

[0031] The inner sheet and the outer sheet defines an inner face and an outer face of the sandwich panel facing in opposite directions. The distance between the inner face and the outer face defines the thickness of the sandwich panel. The inner and the outer face constitute the two main faces of the sandwich panel and can be rectangular shaped and defining the width and length of the sandwich panel. The inner and outer faces extend along a longitudinal direction of the sandwich panel, describing the length thereof, between a first end face and a second end face. Extending along the edges and at an right angle to the inner and the outer faces are a first side face and a second side face facing in opposite directions.

[0032] Accordingly, in one embodiment, the sandwich panel can be described comprising six faces, an outer face and an inner face facing in opposite directions, a first end face and a second end face facing in opposite directions, and a first side face and a second side face facing in opposite directions. The six faces are arranged at right angles to each other.

[0033] The sandwich panel is described as having faces. As discussed above with respect to the joining member alternative phrases such as sides and surfaces could be used. However, in order to distinguish between elements as discussed herein the base sheet is described as having sides, the flanges are described as having surfaces and the sandwich panel is described as having faces.

[0034] The sandwich panel can for example be a SIP (structural insulated panel) as disclosed herein.

[0035] The sandwich panels as disclosed herein form unitary elements that can be treated and handled as single and separate elements. The insulation material is typically fixed to the sheets, for example by using adhesive to adhere the insulation material to the sheets.

[0036] Furthermore, various embodiment of the sandwich panel used in a panel-based system for a building structure as discussed herein will also form part of the second aspect as will be discussed.

[0037] In a third aspect, the disclosure relates to a panel-based system for a building structure. The panel-based system comprises at least one sandwich panel as discussed in relation to the second aspect above.

[0038] The panel-based system further comprises at least one joining member, such as a first joining member, as discussed in relation to the first aspect above.

[0039] The panel-based system can for example be provided as a kit comprising one or more joining members and one or more sandwich panels as described herein.

[0040] The at least one joining member is configured such that a first layered face of the sandwich panel, comprising the inner sheet, the core and the outer sheet can be received in the channel. The first layered face can for example be the first end face, the second end face, the first side face or the second side face of the sandwich panel as described above.

[0041] In one embodiment, the width of the channel is equal to or larger than the thickness of the sandwich panel.

[0042] As will be discussed further herein, the joining member in a panel-based system as described in the first aspect above will effectively function as a load distributing element, which distributes loads to the sandwich panel. As the load is distributed it becomes possible to use the sandwich panel as part of a load bearing structure, thus avoiding the use of load bearing frames, such as steel frames and point anchoring as previously discussed.

[0043] Furthermore, the joining members and the sandwich panels of the panel-based system can be configured to be easily joined to each other. In this way, assemblies and structures or substructures for buildings can easily be created. When joined together, an assembly comprising one or more sandwich panels and one or more joining members exhibits good load bearing and load transferring properties as the joining member is configured to add to the structural strength of the sandwich panel.

[0044] As indicated above, the joining members according to the present invention are essentially beneficial in structurally supporting the sandwich panels, specifically within non-vertical applications. Sandwich panels, especially with a “soft" core of insulation material, have a rather low bending strength. The “soft” core material will cause a shifting / shearing of the two rigid covering boards, such as the inner and outer sheet, against each other.

[0045] Initial results of a bending test of sandwich panels without joining members were very low as compared to the loads that would need to be carried for non-vertical applications, e.g. like roof or floor applications. With joining members the assembly would have sufficient strength to span typical distances relevant in the construction of low-rise buildings and with typical loads applied.

[0046] Thus, a panel-based system is provided wherein costs of providing additional load bearing assemblies and structures can be reduced or removed completely. Furthermore, as the load is distributed and not directed to specific load points a broader range of materials may be used, thus allowing for the use of more sustainable materials such as wood based materials.

[0047] As mentioned the panel-based system may be used for different construction assemblies. Accordingly, in a fourth aspect a panel-based assembly is provided. The panel-based assembly comprises a panel-based system and / or the joining member, such as the first joining member, and the sandwich panel as discussed herein. A first layered face of the sandwich panel comprising the inner sheet, the core and the outer sheet is received in the channel of the first joining member. The first layered face can for example be the first end face, the second end face, the first side face or the second side face of the sandwich panel as described above. The width of the channel can be equal to or larger than the thickness of the sandwich panel.

[0048] As discussed above, such an assembly including at least one sandwich panel and at least one joining members exhibits good load bearing and load transferring properties as the joining member is configured to add to the structural strength of the joining member to the sandwich panel.

[0049] Assemblies described herein may for example be vertical wall assemblies. The assembly can for example also be non-vertical assembly used to provide an angled roof, floor or ceiling, where the assembly extend lengthwise in a non-vertical plane, for example a horizontal plane providing an horizontal assembly as discussed herein or an inclined plane at an angle of less than 90 degrees.

[0050] In a fifth aspect a method for providing a panel-based assembly is disclosed herein. The method comprises providing a first joining member as disclosed in relation to the first aspect above and a sandwich panel as disclosed in relation to the second aspect. The first joining member and the sandwich panel are placed such that a first side of the sandwich panel having the inner sheet, the core and the outer sheet is received in the channel of the first joining member.

[0051] Even further the method may comprise arranging the first joining member on a foundation surface such that the flanges faces away from the foundation surface. A foundation surface, as referred to herein, may be understood as a surface, whereon the joining member is arranged. For example a surface at ground level or above or below. By way of example, formed of concrete or any other suitable material.

[0052] The first side of the sandwich panel can then be arranged in the channel of the first joining member. Subsequently providing a second joining member arranged opposite the first joining member such that a second side of the sandwich panel opposite the first side is received in the channel of the second joining member provides a simple yet strong wall assembly.

[0053] The method may for example use a panel-based system as disclosed herein, e.g. in relation to the third aspect above. The method may furthermore provide the panelbased assemblies as disclosed herein.

[0054] Furthermore, the method may also comprise steps of providing a vapour barrier layer and / or dry lining onto the inner sheet of the sandwich panel. The method may further comprise steps of providing cladding, bricks and / or protective layer onto the outer sheet of the sandwich panel.

[0055] Detailed description

[0056] In the following, further embodiments of the different aspects described above will be presented and discussed in further detail. In this context embodiment relating to the joining member relates to the first aspect as discussed and embodiments relating to the sandwich panel relates to the second aspect as discussed. Furthermore, embodiments of the joining member and the sandwich panel further elaborated on herein may also be used in the third, fourth and fifth aspect relating to panel-based structures assemblies and methods of providing such assemblies.

[0057] For example, in one embodiment of the joining member disclosed herein, the first flange and the second flange extend in parallel along the base sheet. This defines the width of the channel along the length of the base sheet.

[0058] As discussed, in one embodiment the base sheet comprises a rectangular shaped channel side extending along the length of the base sheet. The first and the second flanges preferably extend in parallel along the length of the channel side. In another embodiment the first flange and the second flange extend flush along opposite edges of the base sheet, where the base sheet does not extend beyond the first and second flanges.

[0059] For example, in one embodiment the outer surface of the first flange is flush with the first edge side of base sheet and the outer surface of the second flange is flush with the second edge side of the base sheet.

[0060] As discussed, providing a panel-based assembly where the load is distributed reduces the structural requirement on specific material choices. This opens up to the option of selecting from a wider variety of the materials to use for the joining member. For example, the joining member, the base sheet, the first flange and / or the second flange is / are formed of wood-based products, such as softwood or engineered wood such as, oriented strand board (OSB), plywood, laminated veneer lumber (LVL), chipboard / particle board, cross laminated timber, hardboard, and / or medium density fibreboard (MDF). Such materials are generally more sustainable and climate friendly due to their low emission of carbon dioxide required for production compared to other construction materials such as metal and concrete.

[0061] Different types of materials may also be considered for the different parts of the joining member and may support or enhance the function or the properties of that part.

[0062] For example, the first and second flanges may be formed of material which is stronger than the base sheet.

[0063] The first flange and the second flange can for example be wooden battens. Optionally, or additionally, the first flange and the second flange may be of plywood. In particular plywood is a wood based product which has a high strength and low dimensional tolerance variations compared to many other wood based product. Using plywood for example, the flanges will stabilize the base sheet and ensure a uniform channel defined there between. This allows the base sheet to be formed of a less strong, but cheaper, material such as an OSB board or other engineered wood.

[0064] Different dimensions may also be chosen for the different parts of the joining member. For example, in one embodiment the base sheet may have a thickness of between 9 mm and 22 mm. The base sheet may have a width of between 100 mm and 500 mm. The base sheet may have a length of up to 3000 mm, preferably up to 6000 mm.

[0065] In another embodiment, the first flange and / or the second flange has / have a width of between 30 mm and 90 mm, preferably between 40 mm and 50 mm, preferably 45 mm. The first flange and / or the second flange may have a thickness of between 30 mm and 120 mm, preferably between 60mm and 80 mm, preferably 70 mm.

[0066] In order to ensure stability and proper load distribution when used in a construction as discussed herein, the parts of the joining member should be assembled appropriately. In one embodiment the first flange and the second flange may be connected to the base sheet by first fastening elements. Such first fastening elements may for example be screws, dowels, staples, nails and / or a first adhesive such as glue.

[0067] The first fastening elements may preferably be spaced at intervals of between 50 mm and 400 mm, still preferably at an interval of 200 mm.

[0068] To further provide improved assembly of the joining member, the first fastening elements may have elongated orientations. The base sheet defines a first sheet plane, and the elongated orientation of at least some or of all the first fastening elements may be substantially transverse to the first sheet plane. Preferably, the elongated orientation of at least some or of all the first fastening elements may be perpendicular to the first sheet plane.

[0069] Moreover, in one embodiment of the panel-based system, the first joining member is configured such that said first layered face of the sandwich panel, having the inner sheet, the core and the outer sheet, can abut against the base sheet. Thus, the first layered face of the sandwich panel is not only received in the channel of the first joining member, but can be arranged such that it abuts, i.e. contacts, the base sheet of the first joining member. Ensuring such abutment / contact provides a better stability and prevents air gaps in the construction which e.g. may result in poor heat and / or acoustic insulation. Similarly, in one embodiment of a panel-based assembly the first layered face of the sandwich panel abuts against the base sheet of the first joining member when the sandwich panel is received in the channel.

[0070] The first layered face of the sandwich panel can for example be the first or second end face or the first or second side face of a sandwich panel as discussed previously.

[0071] It should be understood that when referring to the layered faces of the sandwich panel it is a peripheral face where the layered structure, i.e. the inner sheet, the outer sheet, and the insulation material can be seen. Thus, as a sandwich panel typically is a rectangular body having six surfaces where the two largest are the main, planar faces of the inner sheet and the outer sheet respectively, facing in opposite direction, in the following also referred to as faces. The four peripheral side faces thus showing the layered construction are, as also discussed above, referred to as the first end face, the second end face, the first side face or the second side face. The first end face of the sandwich panel may extend parallel to the second end face and the first side face parallel to the second side face. The first side face of the sandwich panel extends transverse or perpendicular to the first end face, for example at right angles to each other.

[0072] The sandwich panel can be formed of different kinds of material, in particular the inner and outer sheet can be chosen to provide support for the core of insulation material sandwiched there between and thus should provide some structure and support. In one embodiment the inner sheet and / or the outer sheet may be wood-based as this is a very sustainable and low carbon emission material. At the same time it provides the desired rigidity to the sandwich panel such that it can be used to withstand vertical loads when used together with a joining member as discussed herein.

[0073] Thus, the inner and / or outer sheet can be formed of oriented strand board (OSB), plywood, softwood, laminated veneer lumber (LVL), chipboard / particle board, cross laminated timber, hardboard, and / or medium density fibreboard (MDF).

[0074] Furthermore, in one embodiment the core of insulation material can be mineral wool, such as for example glass wool or stone wool. The core of insulation material can preferably have a density in the range of 60-200 kg / m3, still preferably in the range of 70-150 kg / m3, still preferably 90 kg / m3.

[0075] In another embodiment it is considered how the core of insulation material may be arranged in the sandwich panel based on the construction of the insulation material forming the core. During production, the insulation material is disposed in layers to form batts of insulation material. This provides a layered structure, also referred to as a laminar structure. The compression characteristic of insulation material reacts to pressure differently depending on whether you compress it along the layered structure or transverse to the layered structure. For example, if pressure is exerted transverse to layered structure it will compress more easily than if pressure is exerted along the layered structure. Depending on the need and characteristic desired of the panel-based system this can be used to an advantage.

[0076] For example, in an embodiment where the sandwich panel or joining member are wood based the tolerances in regards to the thickness of the sandwich panel or the width of the channel of the joining member can vary. For such cases the core of insulation material has a layered structure wherein the layered structure is oriented parallel to the inner sheet and / or outer sheet. This facilitates arranging the sandwich panel in the channel even when tolerances varies as the thickness of the sandwich panel may be compressed or expanded slightly to fit in the channel.

[0077] However, in embodiments where the tolerances do not vary as much and wherein a higher stability and load bearing property may be desired the core of insulation material with a layered structure can be oriented transverse or perpendicular to the inner sheet and / or outer sheet, providing a so-called lamellar structure.

[0078] The inner sheet and / or the outer sheet may in one embodiment have a sheet thickness of between 9 mm and 25 mm, preferably between 12 and 18 mm.

[0079] With the sandwich panel received in the channel of the first joining member the panelbased assembly may in one embodiment secure the sandwich panel and the first joining member to each other. This may for example avoid undesired separation of the sandwich panel and the first joining member. However, it will also improve the load bearing properties of the assembly against horizontal loads such as shear load. Thus, in one embodiment the panel-based system and / or assembly may further comprise second fastening elements and / or a second adhesive configured to secure the first flange and / or the second flange to the inner sheet and / or the outer sheet, respectively.

[0080] For example, in one embodiment the second fastening elements can be one or more of the following: screws, dowels, staples, nails, and / or an adhesive such as glue.

[0081] Thus, as can be understood the second fastening element increases the stability of the panel-based assembly, in particular in regards to shear loads. Considering the position and arrangement of the second fastening element(s) stability and shear load resistance may be further improved.

[0082] For example, in one embodiment, the second fastening elements have second elongated orientations and the inner sheet and / or the outer sheet define(s) a second sheet plane. The second fastening elements may be configured to be oriented such that second elongated orientations of at least some or of all the second fastening elements are transverse or perpendicular to the second sheet plane.

[0083] The width of the channel of the first joining member should be such that the sandwich panel can be received therein. In one embodiment the width of the channel is equal to the thickness of the sandwich panel. In another embodiment the width of the channel is larger than the thickness of the sandwich panel.

[0084] In one embodiment the channel may have a width of between 50 mm and 400 mm, preferably between 60 mm and 90 mm, between 80 mm and 120 mm, between 100 mm and 150 mm, between 130 mm and 200 mm, between 150 mm and 250 mm, between 180 mm and 300 mm, or between 200 mm and 400 mm.

[0085] Moreover, in yet a further embodiment a plurality of second fastening element are provided which as discussed adds to the stability of the panel-based assembly. For example, the second fastening elements may be positioned at an interval of between 50 mm and 400 mm, preferably at an interval of 200 mm. The panel-based system and / or assembly may comprise a plurality of sandwich panels and joining members depending on the type, design, shape of the assembly of construction provided. For example, in one embodiment the panel-based assembly may further comprise a plurality of sandwich panels abutting other laterally. For example such that a first side face of a sandwich panel abuts a second side face of a neighbouring sandwich panel.

[0086] In another embodiment the panel-based system may further comprise a second joining member, wherein the second joining member is configured such that a second layered face of the sandwich panel opposite the first layered face and comprising the inner sheet, the core and the outer sheet can be received in the channel of the second joining member when providing a panel-based assembly.

[0087] Even further, in a further embodiment, the panel-based system may further comprise a third joining member. This third joining member may be configured such that a third layered face of the sandwich panel transverse or perpendicular to the first layered face can be received in the channel of the third joining member when providing a panelbased assembly.

[0088] As discussed the sandwich panel may have different shapes, e.g. a rectangular as previously discussed. In one embodiment the second layered face of the sandwich panel extends parallel to the first layered face of the sandwich panel.

[0089] The panel-based system, wherein the core of insulation material and / or the inner sheet and / or the outer sheet has a recess at least along a part or all of a layered face of the sandwich panel.

[0090] In one embodiment of a panel-based assembly there is provided an l-shaped assembly. The base sheet of the first joining member is in this embodiment arranged against the base sheet of a neighbouring joining member such that the channel of the first joining member and the neighbouring joining member faces in opposite directions.

[0091] This provided a strong structural assembly that can be used for load bearing construction, for example a floor, a roof or a ceiling, which can easily be constructed in no time. The l-shaped assembly provides a strong support for the whole panel-based assembly.

[0092] A third adhesive, such as glue, can be used between the base sheet of the first joining member and the base sheet of the neighbouring joining member to increase their strength. Even further mechanical faster may be used to provide improved load bearing properties of the l-shaped assembly.

[0093] In another embodiment of a panel-based assembly there are provided at least two sandwich panels. Each sandwich panel comprises a recess extending at least along a part or all of a layered face of the sandwich panel. The sandwich panels are arranged such that the layered faces comprising the recess abut each other and the recesses align with each other providing an aligned recess.

[0094] This allows for a tongue and groove connection where a tongue sheet can be provided dimensioned such that it fits in the aligned recess.

[0095] Third fastening elements may be provided for securing the tongue sheet to the two sandwich panels. The third fastening elements may for example be screws, dowels, staples, nails, and / or glue.

[0096] Description of the drawings

[0097] Aspects of the disclosure may be better understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying figures. The figures are schematic and simplified for clarity, and they just show details to improve the understanding of the claims, while other details are left out. Same reference numerals may be used for identical or corresponding parts. The individual features of each aspect may each be combined with any or all features of the other aspects. These and other aspects, features and / or technical effect will be apparent from and elucidated with reference to the illustrations described hereinafter.

[0098] Figs. 1 , 2, 3 and 4 illustrates an embodiment of a joining member as disclosed herein,

[0099] Figs. 5 and 6 illustrates the above joining member and an example of how the structural elements thereof are connected, Figs. 7 illustrates a sandwich panel suitable to be used with one or more joining members as disclosed herein,

[0100] Figs. 8 and 9 illustrates embodiment of wall assemblies using joining members as disclosed herein,

[0101] Figs, 10, 11 and 12 illustrates different embodiment of horizontal assemblies using joining members as disclosed herein,

[0102] Figs. 13 and 14 illustrates a horizontal division assembly using wall assemblies and horizontal assemblies as disclosed herein,

[0103] Figs. 15 and 16 illustrates embodiments of a lintel provided by using joining members as disclosed herein,

[0104] Figs. 17 and 18 illustrates an embodiment of a tongue and groove assembly between neighbouring sandwich panels,

[0105] Fig. 19 illustrates a wall assembly comprising a tongue and groove assembly as shown above and using joining members as disclosed herein,

[0106] Fig. 20 illustrates a reinforced wall assembly using joining members as disclosed herein, and

[0107] Figs. 21 and 22 illustrates an embodiment of a wall assembly comprising finishing insulation and cladding.

[0108] Detailed description of the drawings

[0109] A detailed description of specific embodiments in reference to the drawings is provided in the following. Although some embodiments are described and shown in detail, the disclosure is not restricted to such details, but may also be embodied in other ways within the scope of the subject matter defined in the following claims. In particular, it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized, and structural and functional modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. A joining member 100 as disclosed herein is shown in perspective in Fig.1 and 2, and from one end in Fig. 3. The joining member comprises three structural elements, a base sheet 101 and two flanges 11 1.

[0110] The joining member and the structural elements will be described in relation to their extent in the three dimensional space with reference to their length along an ‘L’ axis, their width along a ‘W’ axis and their thickness along a T axis. The L, W and T axes respectively describes the three orthogonal axes in a Cartesian coordinate system as also indicated in Figs. 1 , 2 and 3. This relation will be maintained for following figures as well when discussing the orientation of the joining member 100 even though the axes are not explicitly shown in the figures.

[0111] The base sheet 101 comprises a flat side 104 and a channel side 105. The flat side

[0112] 104 and the channel side 105 are arranged opposite each other and extend primarily in a length direction L. The base sheet also extends in a width direction W, which together with the length L defines the surface area of the flat side 104 and the channel side 105. The base sheet also extends to a lesser extent in a thickness direction T.

[0113] The base sheet 101 has a thickness separating the flat side 104 and the channel side

[0114] 105 defining a first 106 and a second edge side 107. The first edge side 106 and the second edge side 107 extend in parallel along the length L of the base sheet and the distance between the first and second edge sides defines the width of the base sheet 101 . Similarly, a first end side 108 and a second end side 109 of the joining member extend in parallel along the width and on each side of the base sheet 101 . The length of the base sheet 101 is defined by the distance between the first end side 108 and the second end side 109.

[0115] The flanges 11 1 can have the same dimensions and extend longitudinally in the length direction between a first end surface 116 and a second end surface 117. Each flange has a trapezoidal, preferably rectangular uniform cross section and is thus identical for the first end surface and the second end surface. An upper surface 1 12 and a lower surface 113 are arranged opposite each other and separated by the thickness T of the flange. The upper surface 112 and the lower surface 1 13 defines two of the surfaces of the flange 11 1 extending between the first end surface 116 and second end surface 117. An inner surface 1 14 and an outer surface 115 are arranged opposite each other and separated by the width W of the flange. The inner surface 114 and the outer surface 115 defines the other two surfaces of the flange extending between the first end surface 116 and the second end surface 117 of the flange.

[0116] As mentioned, the upper surface, lower surface, inner surface and outer surface describe the sides of the rectangular cross section and extends along the length of the flange between the first end surface 116 and the second end surface 1 17 of the flange. The six surfaces describing the flange are arranged at right angles to each other.

[0117] The two flanges 1 11 are arranged on the channel side 105 of the base sheet opposing each other, such that the two flanges 11 1 extend from the same side of the base sheet. The outer surfaces 115 of the flanges are arranged flush with the respective first and second edge sides 106, 107 of the base sheet 101. The lower surfaces 1 13 of the flanges 1 11 are arranged on the channel side 105 of the base sheet.

[0118] The width W of the flanges 1 11 are considerably smaller than the width W of the base sheet 101 . The widths are at least defined such that the flanges are separated from each other when arranged on the base sheet. This provides a channel 120 extending along the length of the joining member and defined by the flanges and the base sheet. In particular the width of the channel is the distance between the inner surfaces 1 14 of the two flanges 11 1 and the thickness of the channel corresponds to the thickness of the flanges. In one embodiment the channel has a width of 204 mm and a thickness of 70 mm.

[0119] The structural elements of the joining member 100 provide for simple manufacturing and assembly since all the elements of the joining member have sides and surfaces, typically arranged at right angles to each other. Even further, the structural elements 101 , 11 1 may even be obtained as off the shelf standard components or may easily be manufactured therefrom. This provides an inexpensive and resource efficient way to manufacture the joining member.

[0120] The joining member 100 may for example be provided from wood based materials. For example the base sheet 101 may be an OSB board, and the flanges 11 1 may be made from a plywood board. Accordingly, the structural elements may not only be provided from basic building and construction materials, but they can even further be formed of wood based materials which provides a much more sustainable product compared to e.g. concrete or metal based elements.

[0121] In one example a 12 mm thick OSB board is cut to provide the base sheet with a width of 294 mm. Several base sheets may typically be formed from one standard OSB board. The length L of the base sheet is typically determined by the size of the OSB board in stock, typically 2500 mm or 3000 mm. Other dimensioned OSB boards can of course be used, e.g. having different thicknesses such as 15 mm, widths or lengths.

[0122] The flanges may for example be based on 45 mm plywood boards, a common off the shelf product, subsequently cut into 70 mm elements. This provides 45 mm x 70 mm flanges. As mentioned above, this provides a 204 mm x 70 mm channel 120.

[0123] As shown in Figs. 1 , 2 and 3 the flanges are arranged on the base sheet such that the width is 45 mm and the thickness is 70 mm.

[0124] As shown in Fig. 4 the flanges may be rotated 90 degrees around the length direction such that they are arranged on the base sheet with a width of 70 mm and a thickness of 45 mm.

[0125] As can be understood, the joining member 100 may thus be formed by using only two different types of elements as the two flanges are provided as similar elements.

[0126] Other dimensions of the base sheet and the flanges may be used. The flanges may for example have rectangular cross section, in particular a square cross section. In some embodiment, the flanges may have different dimensions or cross section and the two flanges arranged on the base sheet may have different individual dimensions.

[0127] The flanges 111 can be connected to the base sheet 101 using different kinds of first fastening elements 121 , 122 as shown in Figs. 5 and 6. An adhesive 121 can for example be used between the lower surfaces 113 of the flanges and the channel side 105 of the base sheet to provide an adhesive bond. Alternatively, or additionally, mechanical first fastening elements such as screws or nails 122 can be used to connect the flanges to the base sheet, e.g. by driving the screw or nail through the flat side 104 of the base sheet an into the flanges. Typically a plurality of screws or nails can be arranged in a row along the length of the joining member 100. It should be understood, that using the first fastening elements to connect the flanges to the base sheet as discussed is an option for all joining members illustrated and disclosed herein even though not explicitly shown or mentioned.

[0128] As can be understood, a joining member comprising the structural elements as described can be manufactured effectively off-site in standard lengths. The joining member can then easily be modified as needed on-site. The joining member may also be assembled on-site as no specialised tools or manufacturing facilities are needed. This provides a highly versatile building component in particular when considering the simple geometries and use of well-known and easy to obtain wood based materials.

[0129] A sandwich panel 200, such as a structural insulation panel (SIP), is shown in Fig. 7. The sandwich panel is formed of three elements, a core 201 of insulation material which is sandwiched between an inner sheet 211 and an outer sheet 212 arranged on opposite sides of the core 201 . The sandwich panel has a thickness T which is the sum of the thicknesses of the two sheets and the core of insulation material.

[0130] The sandwich panel 200 can further be described as a rectangular body having six rectangular faces at right angles to each other. The inner sheet 211 defines an inner face 206 and the outer sheet 212 defines and outer face 207, which faces opposite the inner face 206. The distance between the inner face 206 and the outer face 207 describe the thickness T of the sandwich panel. A first end face 202 and second end face 203 of the sandwich panel faces in opposite directions and extend along the thickness T and the width W of the sandwich panel. The distance between the first end face 202 and the second end face 203 describes the length L of the sandwich panel. Similarly, a first side face 204 and a second side face 205 of the sandwich panel face in opposite directions and extend along the thickness T and the length L of the sandwich panel. The distance between the first side face 204 and the second side face 205 describes the width W of the sandwich panel.

[0131] The inner and outer sheet are on one face attached to the insulation material by an adhesive bond and the opposing face of the respective inner and outer sheets forms the respective inner face 206 and outer face 207 of the sandwich panel. The inner surface and outer surface are arranged opposite each other and extend mainly in the width W and length L direction of the sandwich panel.

[0132] The core can for example be an insulation material which may be a foam or a mineral wool, such as glass wool or stone wool. The core 201 is sandwiched between the inner sheet 211 and the outer sheet 212 as described. The panel sheets may be OSB boards. The OSB boards can be standard dimensioned 12 mm x 1200 mm x 3000 mm or 15 mm x 1200 mm x 3000 mm OSB boards, e.g. as described previously.

[0133] Similar to the joining member the sandwich panel can be formed of standard off-the- shelf materials, such as wood-based panels, e.g. OSB boards, as described. Thus, it can be prevented to use materials with a higher carbon footprint, such as concrete or modular building blocks.

[0134] Using joining members 100 and sandwich panels 200 according to the present invention, a multitude of constructions and assemblies can be provided. A basic wall assembly 300 can for example be provided by using two joining members 100 and one sandwich panel 200, see Fig. 8.

[0135] A lower joining member 100 may be arranged with its flat side 104 against a foundation surface, e.g. concrete (not shown). Preferably a bituminous felt (not shown) may be provided between the foundation surface and the flat side of the joining member. The joining member may be secured to the foundation surface, e.g. by bolting it to the foundation surface. Thus, the channel 120 of the lower joining member faces upwards. The channel is preferably dimensioned such that a sandwich panel 200 and a first end face 202 thereof can be received in the channel 120. The lower joining member 100 provides a base for the sandwich panel 200 and ensures that the sandwich panel is oriented and placed correctly during mounting. Moreover, the joining member holds the sandwich panel in place and prevents it from shifting when the wall assembly is exposed to e.g. lateral or shear loads in a built-in state.

[0136] An upper joining member 130 may be arranged opposite a lower joining member 100. The upper joining member 130 may receive the sandwich panel 200 and a second end face 203 thereof in its channel. The upper joining 130 member is thereby arranged with its channel facing towards the channel of the lower joining member. The upper joining member 130 can have dimensions and structures identical to the lower joining member 100.

[0137] The upper joining member 130 provides a base for further construction elements as will be described and as discussed with the lower joining member it also ensure correct alignment of the wall assembly during construction and provides support against lateral loads.

[0138] The basic wall assembly 300 provides a very stable structure and the joining members ensure the stability of a loaded wall assembly, both vertical loads as forces are distributed through the sandwich panel and vertical loads as forces are also absorbed by the flanges of the joining member.

[0139] Accordingly, even though the joining members can be provided from easy to obtain off the shelf wood-based products they effectively provide the structural support needed to support structural assemblies used in construction. Even further, they provide the flexibility of using standard length components which can be easily modified on-site if needed.

[0140] Another wall assembly 310 comprising a plurality of sandwich panels 200 (e.g. four as shown) can furthermore be provided as shown in Fig. 9. The first end face 202 of all sandwich panels are received in the channel 120 of a lower joining member 100 arranged with its flat side against the foundation surface. Similarly, the second end face 203 of all sandwich panels are arranged in the channel 120 of an upper joining member 130 arranged opposite the lower joining member. The length of the upper and lower joining member can correspond to the total width of all sandwich panels which in the shown embodiment are equal in size. The sandwich panels are arranged such that the first and second side faces 204, 205 of neighbouring panels abut against each other.

[0141] However, sandwich panels with different width could also be used. For example a cutoff section of a sandwich panels which have been cut-off from a standard sized sandwich panel to fit the sandwich panel in another area can for example be used in wall assemblies having room for such cut-off section. This helps reducing waste of building material. The upper 130 and lower 100 joining member may be manufactured to fit the width of a plurality of full width sandwich panels. However, where the joining members are supplied in standard lengths the joining members may be cut to fit in length if the standard lengths are too long. If the standard length is too short, two or more shorter joining members may be arranged in extension of each other along their length direction such that the length of the extended channel corresponds to the overall width of the sandwich panels.

[0142] Thus it can be understood that parts can be modified to fit the proper length which allow for re-use of parts which have been cut-off from other elements as discussed above. Preferably, however, the length of a joining member should be at least as long as the width of a sandwich panel or longer which improves correct arrangement of two or more sandwich panels in the channel of the joining member.

[0143] In order to secure the wall assembly second fastening elements 322, such as screws or nails, are used to secure the joining members to the sandwich panels. With the sandwich panels arranged in the channels of the joining members screws are driven from the outer surfaces 115 of the flanges 111 and through the respective flanges of the joining members and into the respective inner or outer sheet of the sandwich panel. The second fastening elements 322 are typically arranged in a row along the outer surface of the flange in the length direction. For example can the second fastening elements be arranged in intervals of 50 mm to 400 mm. It should be understood, that using second fastening elements 322 to secure the joining member to the sandwich panels as discussed is an option for all assemblies disclosed herein even though not explicitly shown or mentioned.

[0144] The second fastening elements 322 ensure that the joining members and sandwich panels do not separate. Also, the fasteners function as load distributors in case of lateral shear loads from the sides (e.g. acting on the side surfaces of the sandwich panels) of the wall assembly.

[0145] The joining member 100 and sandwich panel 200 may also be used in a horizontal assembly 400, as shown in Fig. 10, where the sandwich panels and joining member extend lengthwise in a non-vertical plane, for example a horizontal plane as shown. Alternatively, the horizontal assembly 400 could extend lengthwise in an inclined plane at an angle of less than 90 degrees.

[0146] In such embodiment the joining member 100 will function as a load distributing element and transfer vertical loads towards the first 116 and second 117 end surfaces the flanges. In practice the joining member increases the bending strength of the sandwich panels thus providing a more stable assembly.

[0147] The horizontal assembly 400 can be used to provide a roof, floor or ceiling assembly. By way of example, Fig. 11 illustrates a floor assembly 410 provided by arranging three horizontal assemblies 400 as modules next to each other such that the flat sides 104 of neighbouring joining members are brought into contact with each other.

[0148] The pairs of joining members 100 which in such a construction contact each other via their flat sides 104 forms a l-shaped assembly 430. The joining members may be connected for example by driving a mechanical fastener (not shown), such as a screw, through the surface 112 of a flange of one of the joining members in the pair, through the base sheet to which it is attached, through the base sheet of the contacting joining member and into a flange of the contacting joining member. A plurality of mechanical fasteners are preferably used to secure the pair of joining members to each other. With the pair of joining members secured to each other in the l-shaped assembly 430 the strength and load bearing properties of the joining members are further improved.

[0149] The joining members 100 and the l-shaped assemblies 430 provide the structural stability to the floor assembly 410. This allows the joining member 100 to support an assembly where the sandwich panels have different thicknesses as shown in Fig. 12. In other words, the sandwich panel 200 does not need to extend the entire width of the channel of the joining member wherein it is received. One of the panel sheets 211 of the sandwich panel is on each side connected to one of the flanges of the respective joining members. This provides a space 411 between the opposing panel sheet of the sandwich panel and the opposing flanges of the joining members. Such a space can be used for additional installation, e.g. electrical installation such as wiring, ceiling lamps or floor spots, or for ventilation ducts, piping installation etc. A horizontal division assembly 440 is shown from the side and in perspective in Figs 13 and 14. A first level wall assembly 310 is provided where the top part is shown in section. The end of a floor assembly 410 comprising horizontal assemblies are supported by the upper joining member of the first floor level assembly. A corresponding first level wall assembly (not shown) supports the opposite end of the floor assembly. Thus, loads on the floor assembly are distributed via the joining members vertically down into the first level wall assemblies.

[0150] A second level wall assembly 310, where the bottom section is shown, extends from the floor assembly in vertical extension of the first level wall assembly.

[0151] A joining member 100, similar to the one discussed in reference to Fig. 4 above, where the flanges have been rotated 90 degrees, compared to Fig. 3, such that the longer surface is arranged on the base sheet, is arranged with its flat side towards the end floor assembly 410. This provides a flush finish with the flanges of the joining members of the wall assemblies which further may facilitate mounting of external parts, such as insulation or cladding which will be discussed further.

[0152] The horizontal division assembly illustrates the versatility of the joining members and how they together with sandwich panels can be used to provide load bearing structures. In particular the use of wood dramatically reduces CO2 emissions from inputs into traditional or alternative raw materials. The joining members are very versatile and generate structural stability without the need for more costly materials. With the sandwich panels and the joining profiles supplied from the factory, labour and time required on-site are reduced.

[0153] The joining member 100 can be used for even further assemblies. For example, when creating openings for e.g. windows or doors, a lintel is typically needed to support the load from the above structure. Figs. 15 and 16 shows a first and a second embodiment of a lintel 450, 455.

[0154] The first embodiment of a lintel 450 may be provided by using a joining member 100 cut to a desired length. A cover sheet 451 identical to the base sheet of the joining member in material and dimensions may be attached to the upper surfaces of the flanges of the joining member. An insulation material 452 is preferably arranged in the channel 120 of the joining member 100.

[0155] In a second embodiment of a lintel 455 two joining members 100 may be provided having identical lengths. The joining members are preferably arranged with the upper surface of their flanges against each other, preferably such that an insulation channel 456 is formed by the two channels 120 and encircled by the two joining members. An insulation material 452 may be arranged in the lintel channel 456.

[0156] In another embodiment each side face 204, 205 the sandwich panel 200 may be provided with a recess 217, 218, such as a groove, as shown in Fig. 17. The recess extends along the length direction of the sandwich panel and is provided such that one of the panel sheets 211 form a side wall 214 in the respective recess.

[0157] By providing two or more sandwich panels 200 in the channel of a joining member such that they form a wall assembly the recesses of neighbouring sandwich panels may be arranged to align with each other as seen in Fig. 18. A tongue sheet 215 may advantageously be arranged in the aligned recesses. The tongue sheet 215 may thereby preferably extend across the two recesses. This provides a tongue and groove engagement between the two sandwich panels and the tongue sheet. This ensures an enhanced joint between adjacent sandwich panels. The engagement may preferably be kept in place using third fastening elements 216. These may be driven through the side wall 214 of each panel sheet 211 and into the tongue sheet 215. A plurality of third fastening elements may preferably be arranged along the length direction of each of the panel sheets. This thereby ensures proper assembly of the sandwich panels.

[0158] Fig. 19 shows a wall assembly 320 using tongue and groove attachment of the sandwich panels to each other as described above.

[0159] In case a wall section requires even further stabilisation, vertical joining members may be provided in a vertically reinforced wall assembly 330 as shown in Fig. 20. A lower joining member 100 may be arranged with its flat side against a foundation surface. A sandwich panel may be arranged with its first end face 202 in the channel of a lower joining member. A first and a second vertical joining member 100 may be arranged such that the side faces 204, 205 of the sandwich panel are arranged in the channel of the vertical joining members.

[0160] A second sandwich panel may be installed by arranging the flat side 104 of an additional third vertical joining member against the flat side of a neighbouring vertical joining member. This provides an l-shaped assembly 332 as previously disclosed. A sandwich panel may then be arranged in the channel of a lower joining member and in the channel of a vertical joining member. A fourth vertical joining member may be arranged opposite the third joining member and receives a second sandwich panel in its channel.

[0161] Additional sandwich panels can be installed as described until the desired number of sandwich panels have been installed. An upper joining member 100 facing opposite the lower joining member may be arranged on top of the wall assembly such that the second end face 203 of the sandwich panels are received in the channel of the upper joining member.

[0162] The elements of the wall assembly may be secured to each other using second fastening elements as described previously.

[0163] The vertical joining member of the reinforced wall assembly 330 thus provides additional load bearing properties and as can be understood it is easy to install on-site without needing any additional materials.

[0164] As discussed, the joining member 100 and the sandwich panel 200 can be manufactured from sustainable and off the shelf materials which can easily be cut into correct lengths. Using these elements for the structural and load bearing parts in a housing construction provides a low CO2 emission structure. In particular, based just on the joining members and sandwich panels a plurality of assemblies can be provided as shown using elements of simple geometries.

[0165] Furthermore, as can be understood herein, the joining members and sandwich panels each form unitary elements that are treated and handled as separate elements in a panel-based system as described herein and thus facilitates the construction of a panel-based assembly using these separate elements. A wall assembly 300 as disclosed herein may subsequently be finished by insulating and cladding the structure as shown in Fig. 21 and 22. On the inside of the wall assembly battens 501 are attached horizontally to the panel sheets. Inner cladding sheets 502, such as drywall panel or chipboards are attached to the battens. The installation layer 503 provided between the inner cladding and the sandwich panels provide space for electrical installations and additional insulation 504.

[0166] On the outside of the wall assembly, typically an outer insulation layer 505 is attached to the sandwich panels. An outer cladding 506 is arranged in front of the outer insulation layer using known attachment or construction means. In some instances, an additional ventilated air layer may be arranged between outer insulation layer 505 and outer cladding 506. The outer cladding can be comprised of a variety of known cladding materials appropriate to protect the construction from the ambient environment. Among others brickwork, fagade cladding panels, plaster renderings like for ETICS etc.

[0167] Embodiments

[0168] The following embodiment list sets out different embodiments as disclosed herein. The list is not limiting to the aspects as discussed herein and other embodiments may still be envisioned.

[0169] 1 . A joining member (100), comprising

[0170] - a base sheet (101),

[0171] - a first flange (111 ), and

[0172] - a second flange (111 ), wherein the first flange (111 ) and the second flange (111) are connected to the base sheet (101 ) in a distance from each other defining a channel (120) extending between the first flange (111 ) and the second flange (111).

[0173] 2. The joining member (100) according to embodiment 1 , wherein the first flange (111) and the second flange (111) extend in parallel along the base sheet. 3. The joining member (100) according to embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the first flange (111) and the second flange (111 ) extend flush along opposite edges (106, 107) of the base sheet (101).

[0174] 4. The joining member (100) according to preceding embodiments, wherein the first flange (111) and the second flange (111) are connected to the base sheet (101 ) on the same side (105) of the base sheet (101 ).

[0175] 5. The joining member (100) according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the joining member (100), the base sheet (101), the first flange (111) and / or the second flange (111) is / are formed of wood-based products, such as softwood or engineered wood such as, oriented strand board (OSB), plywood, laminated veneer lumber (LVL), chipboard / particle board, cross laminated timber, hardboard, and / or medium density fibreboard (MDF).

[0176] 6. The joining member (100) according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the base sheet (101 ) has a thickness of between 9 mm and 22 mm.

[0177] 7. The joining member (100) according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the base sheet (101 ) has a width of between 100 mm and 300 mm.

[0178] 8. The joining member (100) according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the base sheet (101 ) has a length of up to 3000 mm, preferably up to 6000 mm.

[0179] 9. The joining member (100) according to preceding embodiments, wherein the first flange (111) and the second flange (111) are wooden batten.

[0180] 10. The joining member (111) according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the first flange (111 ) and the second flange (111) are plywood.

[0181] 11 . The joining member (100) according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the first flange (111 ) and / or the second flange (111) has / have a width of between 30 mm and 90 mm, preferably between 40 mm and 50 mm, preferably 45 mm. The joining member (100) according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the first flange (111 ) and / or the second flange (111) has / have a thickness of between 30 mm and 120 mm, preferably between 60 mm and 80 mm, preferably 70 mm. The joining member (100) according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the first flange (111 ) and the second flange (111) are connected to the base sheet (101) by first fastening elements (121 , 122), such as screws, dowels, staples, nails and / or an adhesive such as glue. The joining member (100) according to embodiment 13, wherein the first fastening elements (122) are spaced at intervals of between 100 mm and 400 mm, preferably at an interval of 200 mm. The joining member (100) according to embodiment 13 or 14, wherein the first fastening elements (122) have elongated orientations and the base sheet defines a first sheet plane, and wherein the elongated orientation of at least some or of all the first fastening elements are transverse to the first sheet plane, preferably wherein the elongated orientation of at least some or of all the first fastening elements are perpendicular to the first sheet plane. The joining member (100) according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the channel (120) has a width of between 50 mm and 400 mm, preferably between 60 mm and 90 mm, between 80 mm and 120 mm, between 100 mm and 150 mm, between 130 mm and 200 mm, between 150 mm and 250 mm, between 180 mm and 300 mm, or between 200 mm and 400 mm. The joining member (100) according to any one of the preceding embodiments wherein the base sheet further (101) comprises,

[0182] - a channel side (105) and a flat side (104) facing opposite each other wherein the channel side (105) and the flat side (104) are rectangular shaped and defines the width and length of the base sheet, - the channel side (105) and the flat side (104) extends longitudinally along the length of the base sheet (101 ), between a first end side (108) and a second end side (109), and

[0183] - a first edge side (106) and a second edge side (107) facing in opposite direction extending along the edges and at an right angle to the channel side (105) and the flat side (104). The joining member (100) according to embodiment 17, wherein the channel side (105), the flat side (104), the first end side (108), the second end side (109), the first edge side (106) and the second end side (107) are arranged at right angles to each other. The joining member (100) according to any one of the preceding embodiments wherein the first and the second flange (111) further comprises,

[0184] - an upper surface (112) and a lower surface (113) arranged opposite each other and an inner surface (114) and an outer surface (115) arranged opposite each other describes the four main surfaces of the first and second flange (111),

[0185] - The upper surface (112), the lower surface (113), inner surface (114) and the outer surface (115) extend longitudinally along the length of the first and second flange (111) between a first end surface (116) and a second end surface (117). The joining member (100) according to embodiment 19, wherein the upper surface (112), the lower surface (113), the inner surface (114), the outer surface (115), the first end surface (116) and the second end surface (117) are arranged at right angles to each other. A panel-based system for a building structure, comprising:

[0186] - a sandwich panel (200) comprising an inner sheet (211), an outer sheet (212), and a core of insulation material (201 ) sandwiched between the inner sheet (211 ) and the outer sheet (212), and

[0187] - a first joining member (100) according to any one of the embodiment 1 - 20, wherein a first layered face (202) of the sandwich panel (200) comprising the inner sheet (21 1 ), the core (201 ) and the outer sheet (212) configured to be received in the channel (120) of the first joining member (100).

[0188] 22. The panel-based system according to embodiment 21 , wherein the first joining member (100) is configured such that said first layered face (202) of the sandwich panel (201 ) comprising the inner sheet (21 1 ), the core (201 ) and the outer sheet (212) can abut against the base sheet (101 ).

[0189] 23. The panel-based system according to embodiment 21 or 22, wherein the inner sheet (21 1 ) and / or the outer sheet (212) are wood-based.

[0190] 24. The panel-based system according to any one of the embodiments 21 - 23, wherein the inner sheet (21 1 ) and / or the outer sheet (212) are oriented strand board (OSB), plywood, softwood, laminated veneer lumber (LVL), chipboard / particle board, cross laminated timber, hardboard, and / or medium density fibreboard (MDF)..

[0191] 25. The panel-based system according to any one of the embodiments 21 - 24, wherein the core of insulation material (201 ) is mineral wool, preferably stone wool.

[0192] 26. The panel-based system according to any of the embodiments 21 - 25, wherein the core of insulation material (201 ) has a density in the range of 60 to 200 kg / m3, preferably in the range of 70 to 150 kg / m3, preferably 90 kg / m3.

[0193] 27. The panel-based system according to any of the embodiments 21 - 26, wherein the core of insulation material (201 ) has a layered structure, and wherein the layered structure is oriented parallel to the inner sheet (21 1 ) and / or outer sheet (212).

[0194] 28. The panel-based system according to any one of the embodiments 21 - 27, wherein the core of insulation material (201 ) has a layered structure and the layered structure is oriented transverse or perpendicular to the inner sheet (211 ) and / or outer sheet (212). 29. The panel-based system according to any one of the embodiments 21 - 28, wherein the inner sheet (211) and / or the outer sheet (212) has a sheet thickness of between 9 mm and 25 mm, preferably between 12 and 18 mm.

[0195] 30. The panel-based system according to any one of the embodiments 21 - 29, further comprising second fastening elements (322) configured to secure the first flange (111) and the second flange (111 ) to the inner sheet (211 ) and the outer sheet (212), respectively.

[0196] 31 . The panel-based system according to embodiment 30, wherein the second fastening elements (322) are one or more of the followings: screws, dowels, staples, nails, and / or glue.

[0197] 32. The panel-based system according to any one of the preceding embodiments 21 - 31 , wherein the channel (120) has a width of between 50 mm and 250 mm, preferably between 60 mm and 90 mm, between 80 mm and 120 mm, between 100 mm and 150 mm, between 130 mm and 170 mm, between 150 mm and 200 mm, between 180 mm and 220 mm, or between 200 mm and 250 mm.

[0198] 33. The panel-based system according to any one of the embodiments 21 - 32, further comprising a second joining member (130) according to any of the embodiments 1 - 20, wherein the second joining member (130) is configured such that a second layered face (203) of the sandwich panel (200) opposite the first layered face (202) and comprising the inner sheet (211), the core (201 ) and the outer sheet (212) can be received in the channel (120) of the second joining member (130).

[0199] 34. The panel-based system according to any one of the embodiments 21 - 33, further comprising a third joining member (100) according to any of the embodiments 1 - 20, wherein the third joining member (100) is configured such that a third layered face (204, 205) of the sandwich panel (200) transverse or perpendicular to the first layered face (202) and comprising the inner sheet (211), the core (201) and the outer sheet (212) can be received in the channel (120) of the third joining member (100). The panel-based system according to any one of the embodiments 21 - 34, wherein the second layered face (203) of the sandwich panel (200) extends parallel to the first layered face (202) on opposite sides of the sandwich panel (200). The panel-based system according to any one of the embodiments 21 - 35, wherein the core of insulation material (201) and / or the inner sheet (211 ) and / or the outer sheet (212) has a recess (217, 218) at least along a part or all of a layered faces (202, 203, 204, 205) of the sandwich panel (200). A panel-based system according to any one of the embodiments 21 - 36, wherein the sandwich panel (200) further comprises,

[0200] - the inner sheet (211 ) and the outer sheet (212) defines an inner face (206) and an outer face (207) of the sandwich panel facing in opposite directions such that the distance between the inner face (206) and the outer face (207) defines the thickness of the sandwich panel (200),

[0201] - the inner (206) and the outer face (207) are rectangular shaped and defines the width and length of the sandwich panel (200),

[0202] - the inner (206) and outer face (207) extend along a longitudinal direction between a first end face (202) and a second end face (203) of the sandwich panel (200),

[0203] - extending along the edges and at an right angle to the inner (206) and the outer face (207) are a first side face (204) and a second side face (205) of the sandwich panel (200) facing in opposite directions. A panel-based assembly (300; 310; 320, 330, 400; 410; 440) for a building structure, comprising:

[0204] - a panel-based system according to any one of the embodiments 21 - 37, wherein, a first layered face (202) of the sandwich panel (200) comprising the inner sheet (211), the core (201) and the outer sheet (212) is received in the channel (120) of the first joining member (100). 39. The panel-based assembly (300; 310; 320, 330, 400; 410; 440) according to embodiment 38, wherein a second layered face (203) facing opposite the first layered face (202) is received in the channel (120) of a second joining member (130).

[0205] 40. The panel-based assembly (300; 310; 320, 330, 400; 410; 440) according to embodiment 38 or 39, further comprising second fastening elements (322) configured to secure the first flange (111) and the second flange (111) to the inner sheet (211) and the outer sheet (212), respectively.

[0206] 41 . The panel-based assembly (300; 310; 320, 330, 400; 410; 440) according to embodiment 40, wherein the second fastening elements (322) are one or more of the followings: screws, dowels, staples, nails, and / or an adhesive such as glue.

[0207] 42. The panel-based assembly (300; 310; 320, 330, 400; 410; 440) according to embodiment 40 or 41 , wherein the second fastening elements (322) have second elongated orientations and the inner sheet (211 ) and / or the outer sheet (212) define(s) a second sheet plane, wherein the second fastening elements (322) are configured to be oriented such that second elongated orientations of at least some or of all the second fastening elements are transverse or perpendicular to the second sheet plane.

[0208] 43. The panel-based assembly (300; 310; 320, 330, 400; 410; 440) according to any one of the embodiments 40 - 42, wherein second fastening elements (322) are provided and are positioned at an interval of between 50 mm and 400 mm, preferably at an interval of 200 mm.

[0209] 44. The panel-based system (300; 310; 320, 330, 400; 410; 440) according to any one of the embodiments 38 - 43, further comprising a plurality of sandwich panels (200) abutting each other laterally.

[0210] 45. The panel-based assembly (410; 440) according to any one of the embodiments 38 - 44, wherein a l-shaped assembly (430) is provided wherein the base sheet (101 ) of the first joining member (100) is arranged against the base sheet (101 ) of a neighbouring joining member (100) such that the channel (120) of the first joining member (100) and the neighbouring joining member (100) faces in opposite directions. The panel-based assembly (410; 440) according to embodiment 45, further comprising a third adhesive, such as glue, between the base sheet (101) of the first joining member (100) and the base sheet (101 ) of the neighbouring joining member (100). The panel-based assembly (320) according to any one of the embodiments 38

[0211] - 46, wherein at least two sandwich panels (200) are provided, each comprising a recess (217, 218) at least along a part or all of a layered face (204, 205) of the sandwich panel (200) where the sandwich panels (200) are arranged such that the layered faces (204, 205) comprising the recess (217, 218) abut each other and the recesses (217, 218) align with each other providing an aligned recess. The panel-based assembly (320) according embodiment 47, wherein a tongue sheet (215) is provided dimensioned such the tongue sheet (215) fits in the aligned recess (217, 218). The panel-based assembly (320) according to embodiment 48, wherein third fastening elements (216) are used to secure the tongue sheet (215) to the two sandwich panels (200). A panel-based assembly (300; 310; 320, 330, 400; 410; 440) according to any one of the embodiments 38 - 49, wherein the sandwich panel (200) further comprises,

[0212] - the inner sheet (211 ) and the outer sheet (212) defines an inner face (206) and an outer face (207) of the sandwich panel (200) facing in opposite directions such that the distance between the inner face (206) and the outer face (207) defines the thickness of the sandwich panel (200),

[0213] - the inner (206) and the outer face (207) are rectangular shaped and defines the width and length of the sandwich panel (200), - the inner (206) and outer faces (207) extend along a longitudinal direction between a first end face (202) and a second end face (203) of the sandwich panel (200),

[0214] - extending along the edges and at an right angle to the inner (206) and the outer face (207) are a first side face (204) and a second side face (205) of the sandwich panel (200) facing in opposite directions. A method of providing a panel-based assembly (300; 310; 320, 330, 400; 410; 440), comprising the steps of:

[0215] - providing a first joining member (100) comprising a base sheet (101 ), a first flange (111) and a second flange (111), wherein the first flange (111 ) and the second flange (111 ) are connected to the base sheet (101 ) in a distance from each other defining a channel (120) extending between the first flange (111) and the second flange (111);

[0216] - providing a sandwich panel (200) having an inner sheet (211), an outer sheet (212), and a core of insulation material (201 ) sandwiched between the inner sheet (211 ) and the outer sheet (212),

[0217] - placing the first joining member (100) and the sandwich panel (200) such that a first side (202) of the sandwich panel (200) comprising the inner sheet (211), the core (201 ) and the outer sheet (212) is received in the channel

[0218] (120) of the first joining member (100), The method according to embodiment 51 , wherein the method comprises

[0219] - arranging the first joining member (100) on a foundation surface such that the flanges (111) faces away from the foundation surface,

[0220] - arranging the first side (202) of the sandwich panel (200) in the channel (120) of the first joining member (100),

[0221] - providing a second joining member (130) arranged opposite the first joining member (100) such that a second side (203) of the sandwich panel (200) opposite the first side (202) is received in the channel (120) of the second joining member (130). The method according to embodiment 51 or 52, comprising the step of providing a vapour barrier layer and / or a dry lining (502) onto the inner sheet (211). 54. The method according to any one of the embodiments 51 - 53, comprising the step of providing cladding (506), bricks and / or protective layer onto the outer sheet (212).

[0222] 55. The method according to any one of the embodiments 51 - 54, wherein the panel-based system is provided by means of a joining member (100) according to any one of the embodiments 1 - 20. 56. The method according to any one of the embodiments 51 - 55, wherein the panel-based assembly (300; 310; 320, 330, 400; 410; 440) is provided by using the panel-based system according to any one of the embodiments 21 - 37.

[0223] 57. The method according to any one of the embodiments 51 - 56, wherein the method comprises providing a panel-based assembly (300; 310; 320, 330, 400;

[0224] 410; 440) according to any one of the embodiment 38 - 50.

Claims

Claims1 . A panel-based assembly (300; 310; 320, 330, 400; 410; 440) for a building structure, comprising:- a first joining member (100), which comprises a base sheet (101 ), a first flange (11 1 ), and a second flange (11 1 ), wherein the first flange (1 11 ) and the second flange (11 1 ) are connected to the base sheet (101 ) in a distance from each other defining a channel (120) extending between the first flange (11 1 ) and the second flange (11 1 ), wherein the first flange (1 11 ) and the second flange (1 11 ) are connected to the base sheet (101 ) on the same side (105) of the base sheet (101 ), and- a sandwich panel (200) comprising an inner sheet (211 ), an outer sheet (212), and a core of insulation material (201 ) sandwiched between the inner sheet (21 1 ) and the outer sheet (212), wherein a first layered face (202) of the sandwich panel (200) comprising the inner sheet (21 1 ), the core (201 ) and the outer sheet (212) is received in the channel (120) of the first joining member (100).

2. The panel-based assembly (300; 310; 320, 330, 400; 410; 440) according to claim 1 , wherein the first flange (11 1 ) and the second flange (1 11 ) extend in parallel along the base sheet.

3. The panel-based assembly (300; 310; 320, 330, 400; 410; 440) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first flange (1 11 ) and the second flange (11 1 ) extend flush along opposite edges (106, 107) of the base sheet (101 ).

4. The panel-based assembly (300; 310; 320, 330, 400; 410; 440) according to an one of the preceding claims, wherein a second layered face (203) facing opposite the first layered face (202) is received in the channel (120) of a second joining member (130).

5. The panel-based assembly (300; 310; 320, 330, 400; 410; 440) according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising second fastening elements (322) configured to secure the first flange (1 11 ) and the second flange (11 1 ) to the inner sheet (21 1 ) and the outer sheet (212), respectively.

6. The panel-based system (300; 310; 320, 330, 400; 410; 440) according to any one of the claims 1-5, further comprising a plurality of sandwich panels (200) abutting each other laterally.

7. The panel-based assembly (410; 440) according to any one of the claim 1 - 6, wherein a l-shaped assembly (430) is provided wherein the base sheet (101) of the first joining member (100) is arranged against the base sheet (101 ) of a neighbouring joining member (100) such that the channel (120) of the first joining member (100) and the neighbouring joining member (100) faces in opposite directions.

8. The panel-based assembly (320) according to any one of the claims 1-7, wherein at least two sandwich panels (200) are provided, each comprising a recess (217, 218) at least along a part or all of a layered face (204, 205) of the sandwich panel (200) where the sandwich panels (200) are arranged such that the layered faces (204, 205) comprising the recess (217, 218) abut each other and the recesses (217, 218) align with each other providing an aligned recess.

9. The panel-based assembly (320) according claim 8, wherein a tongue sheet (215) is provided dimensioned such the tongue sheet (215) fits in the aligned recess (217, 218).

10. The panel-based assembly (320) according to claim 9, wherein third fastening elements (216) are used to secure the tongue sheet (215) to the two sandwich panels (200).

11. The panel-based assembly (300; 310; 320, 330, 400; 410; 440) according to any one of claims 1 - 10, wherein the joining member (100), the base sheet (101 ), the first flange (111) and / or the second flange (111) is / are formed of wood-based products, such as softwood or engineered wood such as oriented strand board (OSB), plywood, laminated veneer lumber (LVL), chipboard / particle board, cross laminated timber, hardboard, and / or medium density fibreboard (MDF).

12. The panel-based assembly (300; 310; 320, 330, 400; 410; 440) according to claim 11 , wherein the first flange (111) and the second flange (111) are formed of plywood and the base sheet (101 ) is formed of engineered wood.

13. The panel-based assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the inner sheet (211) and / or the outer sheet (212) are oriented strand board (OSB), plywood, softwood, laminated veneer lumber (LVL), chipboard / particle board, cross laminated timber, hardboard, and / or medium density fibreboard (MDF), and wherein the core of insulation material (201 ) is mineral wool, preferably stone wool.

14. A method of providing a panel-based assembly (300; 310; 320, 330, 400; 410; 440), comprising the steps of:- providing a first joining member (100) comprising a base sheet (101 ), a first flange (111) and a second flange (111), wherein the first flange (111 ) and the second flange (111 ) are connected to the base sheet (101 ) in a distance from each other defining a channel (120) extending between the first flange (111) and the second flange (111), wherein the first flange (111) and the second flange (111) are connected to the base sheet (101 ) on the same side (105) of the base sheet (101);- providing a sandwich panel (200) having an inner sheet (211), an outer sheet (212), and a core of insulation material (201 ) sandwiched between the inner sheet (211 ) and the outer sheet (212), and- placing the first joining member (100) and the sandwich panel (200) such that a first side (202) of the sandwich panel (200) comprising the inner sheet (211), the core (201 ) and the outer sheet (212) is received in the channel(120) of the first joining member (100).

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the method comprises- arranging the first joining member (100) on a foundation surface such that the flanges (111) faces away from the foundation surface,- arranging the first side (202) of the sandwich panel (200) in the channel (120) of the first joining member (100),- providing a second joining member (130) arranged opposite the first joining member (100) such that a second side (203) of the sandwich panel (200)opposite the first side (202) is received in the channel (120) of the second joining member (130).

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