Brake for braking a shaft, and brake motor comprising brake

Abstract

The invention relates to a brake for braking a shaft, and a brake motor comprising a brake. The brake has a magnetic element and an electrically energizable winding, wherein: the magnetic element has an inner pole and an outer pole; the outer pole is hollow-cylindrical; and the winding is wound onto the inner pole.

Description

[0001] Brake for braking a shaft and brake motor with brake

[0002] Description:

[0003] The invention relates to a brake for braking a shaft and a brake motor with a brake.

[0004] It is generally known that a ferromagnetic magnetic body can be used as the coil core of an electromagnet and that a winding of the electromagnet can be wound onto a plastic coil carrier.

[0005] A magnetic brake is known from US 2015 / 0 027 828 A1.

[0006] An electromagnetic brake is known from DE 102006062 302 A1.

[0007] An electromagnet is known from DE 102012 013 350 A1.

[0008] An electromagnetic braking device is known from DE 90 11 582 U1.

[0009] A composite coil core arrangement is known from US 2011 / 0 121 935 A1.

[0010] An adjustable brake is known from US 5685398 A.

[0011] The invention is therefore based on the object of designing an electromagnetically actuated brake that can be produced simply and inexpensively.

[0012] According to the invention, the object is achieved in the brake according to the features specified in claim 1 and in the brake motor according to the features specified in claim 15.

[0013] Important features of the invention in the brake, in particular for a brake motor, for braking a shaft, the brake has a magnetic body and an electrically energizable winding, wherein the magnetic body has an inner pole and an outer pole,

[0014] ISI \ EIDOPAT 15.04.2024 wherein the outer pole is hollow-cylindrical, wherein the winding is wound, in particular directly, onto the inner pole, in particular wherein the winding axis of the winding is aligned coaxially to the cylinder axis of the hollow-cylindrical outer pole and / or to the axis of rotation of the shaft.

[0015] The advantage here is that a plastic coil former is not necessary because the inner pole itself provides the necessary winding space and thus the winding is wound directly onto the inner pole. The inner pole has the two collars to axially define the winding space and in the radial direction the winding space is radially inward from the inner pole and radially outward from the outer pole. The outer pole is placed axially onto the inner pole and axially defined by the second collar of the inner pole, with a shoulder formed on the second collar which centers the outer pole relative to the inner pole, in particular so that the cylinder axis of the outer pole is aligned with the winding axis of the winding and / or the axial direction, i.e. the direction of the axis of rotation of the shaft.

[0016] Although a radial clearance is permissible between the outer pole and the first collar, this clearance is not sufficient to provide an air gap that would adequately prevent a field leakage. Therefore, the second collar is designed to taper radially outward, causing this tapered area to saturate even at low current flow to the winding and essentially acting as an air gap at rated current. This prevents a significant field leakage, particularly a magnetic short circuit between the outer pole and inner pole.

[0017] In an advantageous embodiment, the inner pole is hollow, in particular with the shaft projecting axially through the inner pole. The advantage here is that a fan can be connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the shaft on the side of the brake facing away from the stator of the electric motor, thus further improving cooling of the brake. Alternatively, an angle sensor for detecting the angular position of the shaft can also be arranged on the side of the inner pole facing away from the stator of the electric motor. In an advantageous embodiment, the inner pole has an electrically insulating layer, in particular at least in the area arranged axially between the first collar and the second collar, in particular with the electrically insulating layer being a layer of paint or a plastic overmolding. The higher insulation strength is advantageous here.Thus, the self-insulated winding wire, in particular self-bonding wire, of the winding is separated from the metallic inner pole by means of an additional layer. The insulation strength is thus improved. In particular, this layer delimits the winding, i.e., the insulating layer is arranged at least on the outer surface of the inner pole in the surface area arranged axially between the two collars and on the side of the first collar facing the second collar, as well as on the side of the second collar facing the first collar. As a lacquer layer, the layer can be produced quickly and easily. Alternatively, a more complex plastic overmolding can also be provided.

[0018] In an advantageous embodiment, through holes and non-through holes, in particular blind holes, are introduced into the outer pole in the axial direction. The advantage here is that the spring parts can be accommodated in the blind holes, thus providing guidance during the linear movement.

[0019] In an advantageous embodiment, the inner pole, with the exception of bores and at least one recess, in particular a radial slot, is a rotating body whose axis of symmetry is aligned coaxially with the cylinder axis of the hollow-cylindrical inner pole, in particular wherein the radial spacing area covered by the recess overlaps the radial spacing area covered by the winding. This is advantageous in that simple machining is possible and the electrical connection lines of the winding can be passed through the radial slot.

[0020] In an advantageous embodiment, the inner pole has a first collar that protrudes radially from the inner pole, and a second collar that is axially spaced from the first collar and protrudes radially from the inner pole, in particular wherein the inner pole is formed integrally with the first collar and the second collar, in particular as a single piece. The advantage here is that the winding space is axially delimited by the two collars, and the lines that would otherwise pose a danger remain within the winding space. Furthermore, the inner pole and the outer pole can be manufactured simply and cost-effectively, in particular as turned parts.

[0021] In an advantageous embodiment, the outer diameter of the second collar is larger than the outer diameter of the first collar. The advantage here is that during production the hollow cylindrical outer pole can be slipped over the first collar and thereby rests against the second collar, which thus acts as a contact surface and axial limitation. In addition, screws protrude through the second collar and the outer pole so that the outer pole can be connected to the second collar by means of the screws and nuts screwed onto the screws. The outer pole surrounds the first collar to form a housing. As a result, the radially outer end region of the first collar, which tapers radially outwards and is therefore fragile, is protected from the outer pole.

[0022] In an advantageous embodiment, the outer pole radially surrounds the first collar, in particular, the radial spacing region covered by the first collar being arranged radially within the radial spacing region covered by the outer pole, the region covered by the outer pole in the axial direction encompassing or overlapping the region covered by the first collar in the axial direction. It is advantageous that the first collar, including the winding space, is surrounded by the outer pole in a protective and housing-forming manner.

[0023] In an advantageous embodiment, the area covered by the outer pole in the axial direction borders on the area covered by the second collar in the axial direction, in particular directly, i.e. in particular the outer pole rests on the second collar. It is advantageous in this case that the outer pole is spatially aligned relative to a flat surface section of the second collar, in particular which has a single axial position. In an advantageous embodiment, the inner pole is made of a first material and the outer pole is made of a second material, wherein the first material has a lower magnetic saturation flux density than the second material. It is advantageous in this case that two different materials can be used, thus enabling optimization of the material selection depending on the magnetic flux density and loading force.In particular, a force that loads the inner pole is introduced into the inner pole by means of the spring parts, whereas the outer pole only conducts magnetic flux density and is not exposed to any such loading force.

[0024] In an advantageous embodiment, the first material is gray cast iron and / or a cast iron material made of GGG and / or a ferritic cast iron with spheroidal graphite, and the second material is steel. This allows for simple and cost-effective production. In particular, the outer pole can be manufactured as a simple turned part, and the inner pole as a cast part.

[0025] In an advantageous embodiment, the wall thickness of the first collar, measured in the axial direction, decreases monotonically with increasing radial distance, particularly in a radially outer end region of the first collar. This is advantageous because the end region saturates even at low magnetic flux and thus acts as an air gap for the magnetic flux exceeding it. This prevents or at least minimizes a magnetic short circuit between the first collar and the outer pole.

[0026] In an advantageous embodiment, the first collar has a conical surface section in one or the radially outer end region. This is advantageous in that simple manufacturing is enabled, in particular by assigning a flat surface section of the first collar to the conical surface section, which has only a single axial position.

[0027] In an advantageous embodiment, spring parts are accommodated in the non-through holes of the outer pole, which press against an armature disk of the brake. This is advantageous in that an easily manufactured guide and holder for the spring parts is enabled. In an advantageous embodiment, axially through holes are provided in the second collar, through which screws protrude, which protrude through the axially through holes of the outer pole, in particular through recesses of the armature disk. This is advantageous in that

[0028] In an advantageous embodiment, the armature disk is non-rotatably connected to the magnetic body, in particular to the inner pole and / or the outer pole, and is arranged to be displaceable in the axial direction. This is advantageous because frictional force can be introduced into the armature disk and then transferred to the stationary part of the brake.

[0029] In an advantageous embodiment, a disk-shaped brake pad carrier is connected to the shaft in a rotationally fixed manner and is arranged to be displaceable in the axial direction, in particular wherein an annular driver is placed on the shaft and is connected to the shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, in particular by means of a keyway connection or press connection, wherein the driver has external teeth onto which the internal teeth of the brake pad carrier are placed, in particular so that the brake pad carrier is connected to the driver in a rotationally fixed manner and is arranged to be displaceable in the axial direction, wherein the armature disk is arranged axially between the magnetic body and the brake pad carrier and wherein the brake pad carrier is arranged axially between a part of the armature disk having a braking surface, in particular wherein the brake pad carrier has a brake pad on each axial side. The advantage here is that cost-effective production of the brake is possible.In addition, the brake is automatically applied when the winding is not energized, as the spring parts then press the armature disk onto the brake pad carrier, which is thus pressed onto the braking surface on the side of the brake pad carrier facing away from the armature disk.

[0030] Optionally, the brake pad carrier and its brake pads can also be manufactured as a single piece. In this document, external toothing always includes an external polygon, especially a hexagon; internal toothing always includes an internal polygon.

[0031] Important features of the brake motor are that the brake motor has an electric motor and a brake, wherein the shaft is a rotor shaft of the electric motor, in particular wherein the part is designed as a bearing shield or as a friction plate, in particular wherein the part is connected to the magnetic body in a rotationally fixed manner.

[0032] The advantage here is that the brake motor is easy and cost-effective to manufacture, as the winding can be wound directly onto the inner pole, thus allowing the brake and thus the brake motor to be designed with the smallest possible volume and / or compactness. The outer pole, which is made of steel, can be manufactured easily and cost-effectively by turning.

[0033] Further advantages emerge from the dependent claims. The invention is not limited to the combination of features in the claims. Further possible combinations of claims and / or individual claim features and / or features of the description and / or the figures will become apparent to those skilled in the art, particularly from the problem and / or the problem posed by comparison with the prior art.

[0034] The invention will now be explained in more detail using schematic illustrations:

[0035] Figure 1 shows an oblique view of the magnetic body of a brake according to the invention.

[0036] Figure 2 shows a longitudinal section of the brake magnet body.

[0037] Figure 3 shows an exploded view of the brake magnet body.

[0038] Figure 4 shows a sectional view of the brake.

[0039] As shown in the figures, the magnetic body has an annular outer pole 2, which is pushed onto an inner pole 1 of the magnetic body.

[0040] The magnet body is therefore made of two parts and different materials can be used.

[0041] In particular, the material used for the outer pole 2 is a material whose magnetic saturation flux density is higher than that of the material of the inner pole 1 .

[0042] Preferably, steel is used as the material for the outer pole 2, and gray cast iron and / or GGG cast material, in particular ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron, is used as the material for the inner pole 1. This allows for easy machining.

[0043] The outer pole 2 is hollow-cylindrical in shape, with circumferentially spaced, axially continuous and axially non-through bores, in particular axial bores. Spring parts 3 are inserted into the axially non-through bores, i.e., blind bores, which are thus supported on the outer pole 2 and press on an armature disk 43 of the brake. Screws 4 protrude through the axially continuous bores of the outer pole 2 and also protrude through recesses in the armature disk 43, so that the armature disk 43 is arranged to be movable in the axial direction and is rotationally fixed to the outer pole 2. Additionally or alternatively, guide bolts can also be provided, which protrude through recesses in the armature disk 43 and are fastened to the outer pole 2.

[0044] An annular driver 41 is placed on the shaft to be braked by the brake, in particular the rotor shaft, which driver has an external toothing and is connected to the shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, in particular by means of a key connection.

[0045] A disc-shaped brake pad carrier 42 is mounted with its internal teeth on the external teeth, with the internal teeth meshing with the external teeth. Thus, the brake pad carrier 42 is connected to the driver 41 in a rotationally fixed manner, yet is still axially displaceable.

[0046] On the side of the brake pad carrier 42 axially facing away from the armature disk 43, a braking surface 40 is formed, in particular on a friction plate received in a housing part 44 or on a bearing plate of an electric motor, which receives a bearing of the rotor shaft of the electric motor.

[0047] The armature disk 43 is arranged axially between the brake pad carrier 42 and the outer pole 2. The brake pad carrier 42 is arranged axially between the armature disk 43 and the braking surface.

[0048] An electrically energizable winding 5, in particular a coil winding, is wound on the inner pole 1. When energized, the armature disk 43 is pulled toward the magnet body, in particular toward the outer pole 2, against the spring force generated by the spring parts 3, so that the brake pad carrier can free itself from the braking surface. When the winding 5 is not energized, the spring parts 3 press the armature disk 43 onto the brake pad carrier 42, which is thus pressed onto the braking surface arranged on its side facing away from the armature disk 43. This creates a frictional connection on both sides of the brake pad carrier 42, in particular on the one hand to the braking surface and on the other hand to the armature disk 43.

[0049] Preferably, the winding 5 is wound directly onto the inner pole 1, so that no plastic part, in particular a coil carrier, is necessary in between.

[0050] The inner pole 1 has a first, radially protruding collar 31, which delimits the winding 5 in the axial direction, and a second, radially protruding collar 32, which delimits the winding opposite to the axial direction. The second collar 32 preferably protrudes further than the first collar 31, so that the hollow-cylindrical outer pole 2 rests against an axial end face of the second collar 32 and the first collar 31 is arranged radially inside the outer pole 2.

[0051] The area covered by the outer pole 2 in the axial direction comprises the area covered by the first collar 31 in the axial direction, in particular and the area covered by the winding in the axial direction.

[0052] The first collar 31 has a flat axial end face which functions as pole face 33.

[0053] At its radially outer end region, the first collar 31 is tapered so that the axial wall thickness of the first collar 31 decreases monotonically, in particular strictly monotonically, with increasing radial distance.

[0054] Therefore, the first collar 31 has a bevel 6, in particular a conical surface, in this radial end region. Due to this tapered shape, the tapered region reaches magnetic saturation even at low current flow to the winding and thus acts primarily as an air gap between outer pole 2 and inner pole 1. Nevertheless, the axial limitation of the winding 5 is reached.

[0055] The radial direction and radial distances are always relative to the shaft's rotational axis. The axial direction is parallel to the shaft's rotational axis, and the circumferential direction is relative to the shaft's rotational axis. The winding axis of winding 5 is coaxial with the winding's rotational axis.

[0056] The area covered by the second collar 32 in the axial direction borders on the area covered by the outer pole 2 in the axial direction.

[0057] The inner pole 1 and the outer pole 2 are made of ferromagnetic material.

[0058] The screws 4 protrude through recesses of the second collar, which are arranged radially outside the first collar and are aligned with the corresponding recesses of the outer pole 2, through which the screws 4 also protrude.

[0059] A recess 30 is formed as a radial slot in the second collar 32, allowing the connecting leads of the winding 5 to pass through. The radial spacing area covered by the radial slot overlaps the radial spacing area covered by the winding 5 in the radial direction.

[0060] With the exception of the recess 30 and the recesses through which the screws 4 protrude, the inner pole 1 is designed as a rotating body.

[0061] To allow the shaft to be braked by the brake, in particular the rotor shaft of the brake motor having the brake, to protrude axially through the brake, the inner pole 1 is hollow. Thus, the brake can be mounted on an electric motor of the brake motor, and an angle sensor for detecting the rotational position of the shaft and / or a fan can be arranged on the side of the brake axially facing away from the stator of the electric motor.

[0062] The pole face 30 is formed axially flush with the outer pole 2, in particular wherein the axial position of the pole face 30 limits the area covered by the outer pole 2 in the axial direction, in particular in the axial direction.

[0063] In further embodiments according to the invention, the pole face 30 protrudes axially, so that the area covered in the axial direction by the first collar 31 overlaps with the area covered in the axial direction by the outer pole 2. In further embodiments according to the invention, the inner pole 1 has an electrically insulating layer to increase the insulation strength. This can be provided as a lacquer layer or as a plastic overmolding. Preferably, the contact surface toward the outer pole 2 is designed free of the insulating layer.

[0064] List of reference symbols

[0065] 1 inner pole

[0066] 2 Outer pole 3 Spring part

[0067] 4 screw

[0068] 5 coil winding

[0069] 6 Bevel, especially conical surface

[0070] 30 Recess 31 First collar

[0071] 32 second collar

[0072] 33 Pole face of the inner pole 1

[0073] 40 braking surface

[0074] 41 Driver 42 Brake pad carrier

[0075] 43 Anchor disc

[0076] 44 Housing part

Claims

Patent claims:

1. Brake, in particular for a brake motor, for braking a shaft, the brake having a magnetic body and an electrically energizable winding, characterized in that the magnetic body has an inner pole and an outer pole, wherein the outer pole is formed as a hollow cylinder, wherein the winding is wound, in particular directly, onto the inner pole, in particular wherein the winding axis of the winding is aligned coaxially to Cylinder axis of the hollow cylindrical outer pole and / or to the rotation axis of the shaft.

2. Brake according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner pole is hollow, in particular wherein the shaft projects axially through the inner pole and / or that the inner pole has an electrically insulating layer, in particular at least in the area arranged axially between the first collar and the second collar, in particular wherein the electrically insulating layer is a layer of paint or a plastic overmolding.

3. Brake according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that through holes and non-through holes, in particular blind holes, are introduced into the outer pole in the axial direction.

4. Brake according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner pole, with the exception of bores and at least one recess, in particular a radial slot, is a rotary body whose axis of symmetry is aligned coaxially with the cylinder axis of the hollow-cylindrical inner pole, in particular wherein the radial distance region covered by the recess overlaps the radial distance region covered by the winding.

5. Brake according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner pole has a first collar which projects radially at the inner pole, and a second collar which is axially spaced from the first collar and projects radially at the inner pole, in particular wherein the inner pole is formed integrally, in particular in one piece, with the first collar and the second collar.

6. Brake according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer diameter of the second collar is larger than the outer diameter of the first collar.

7. Brake according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer pole radially surrounds the first collar, in particular wherein the radial spacing region covered by the first collar is arranged radially within the radial spacing region covered by the outer pole, wherein the region covered by the outer pole in the axial direction comprises or overlaps the region covered by the first collar in the axial direction.

8. Brake according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the area covered by the outer pole in the axial direction adjoins, in particular directly, the area covered by the second collar in the axial direction, in particular the outer pole rests on the second collar.

9. Brake according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner pole is made of a first material and the outer pole is made of a second material, wherein the first material has a lower magnetic saturation flux density than the second material, in particular the first material is a gray cast iron and / or a GGG cast material and / or a ferritic cast iron with spheroidal graphite and the second material is a steel.

10. Brake according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wall thickness of the first collar measured in the axial direction decreases monotonically with increasing radial distance, in particular decreases strictly monotonically in a radially outer end region of the first collar, and / or that the first collar has a conically shaped surface section in one or the radially outer end region.

11. Brake according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that spring parts are accommodated in the non-through bores of the outer pole, which spring parts press on an armature disk of the brake.

12. Brake according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that axially through bores are introduced into the second collar, through which screws protrude, which protrude through the axially through bores of the outer pole, in particular and through recesses of the armature disk.

13. Brake according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the armature disc is connected to the magnetic body, in particular to the inner pole and / or the outer pole, in a rotationally fixed manner and is arranged to be displaceable in the axial direction.

14. Brake according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a disk-shaped brake pad carrier is rotationally connected to the shaft and is arranged to be displaceable in the axial direction, in particular wherein an annular driver is placed on the shaft and rotationally connected to the shaft, in particular by means of a key connection, wherein the driver has an external toothing onto which the internal toothing of the brake pad carrier is placed, in particular so that the brake pad carrier is rotationally connected to the driver and is arranged to be displaceable in the axial direction, wherein the armature disk is arranged axially between the magnetic body and the brake pad carrier and wherein the brake pad carrier is arranged axially between a part of the armature disk having a braking surface, in particular wherein the brake pad carrier has a brake pad axially on each side.

15. Brake motor, comprising an electric motor and a brake according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shaft is a rotor shaft of the electric motor, in particular wherein the part is designed as a bearing plate or as a friction plate, in particular wherein the part is rotationally connected to the magnetic body.

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