System for controlling a charge and / or discharge power of at least one energy store

Abstract

The invention relates to a system (10) for controlling a charge and / or discharge power (PE, PL) of at least one energy store (20) over a predefined operating period (B) for charging the energy store (20) from a grid (30) and / or for feeding energy from the energy store (20) into the grid (30), wherein by means of an energy store control unit (11) a first charge and / or discharge profile (LEP1) over the operating period (B) can be determined which comprises first charge and / or discharge powers (PLEP1), in particular for predefined charge and / or discharge periods (t1 to t8), wherein by means of a grid state control unit (12), depending on a current grid state (30), in particular dependent on a grid frequency, and / or a grid state forecast (31), at least one target power profile (SLP) with at least one target charge and / or discharge power (PSLP) for at least part of the operating period can be determined, wherein by means of a charge and / or discharge power control unit (13) the first charge and / or discharge profile (LEP1) can be changed at least to a second charge and / or discharge profile (LEP2), in particular taking into consideration the target power profile (SLP).

Description

[0001] System for controlling a charging and / or discharging power of at least one energy storage device

[0002] Description

[0003] The present invention relates to a system for controlling a charging and / or discharging power of at least one energy storage device.

[0004] To control the charging and / or discharging power of an energy storage device, it is desirable to provide a charging and / or discharging profile so that the energy storage device can be charged and discharged based on this.

[0005] The object of the invention is to provide a new and / or improved system for controlling a charging and / or discharging power of at least one energy storage device.

[0006] This object is achieved by a system according to claim 1. Advantageous further developments arise in particular from the claims dependent on claim 1. According to claim 1, the invention relates to a system for controlling a charging and / or discharging power of at least one energy storage device over a predetermined operating period for charging the energy storage device from a grid and / or for feeding energy from the energy storage device into the grid, wherein by means of an energy storage control unit, a first charging and / or discharging profile can be determined over the operating period, which comprises first charging and / or discharging powers, in particular at predetermined charging and / or discharging periods, wherein by means of a grid state control unit, depending on a current grid state, in particular depending on a grid frequency, and / or a grid state forecast,at least one target power profile (or: third charging and / or discharging profile) with target charging and / or discharging powers or at least one target charging and / or discharging power (or: with a third charging and / or discharging power) can be determined for at least a first part of the operating period or the entire operating period, in particular for the predetermined charging and / or discharging periods, wherein the first charging and / or discharging profile can be changed at least into a second charging and / or discharging profile by a charging and / or discharging power control unit, in particular taking the target power profile into account.

[0007] The target charging profile can also be referred to as the third charging and / or discharging profile. The target charging and / or discharging power can also be referred to as the third charging and / or discharging power.

[0008] In one embodiment, the first charging and / or discharging profile can be changed at least into the second charging and / or discharging profile by the charging and / or discharging power control unit in such a way that the first charging and / or discharging powers of the first charging and discharging profile and / or that the at least one target charging and / or discharging power of the target power profile are not exceeded for the first part of the operating period or the operating period, in particular at the respective predetermined charging and / or discharging periods and / or at least one predetermined charging and / or discharging period.In one embodiment, the first charging and / or discharging profile can be changed at least into the second charging and / or discharging profile by a charging and / or discharging power control unit in such a way that the first charging and / or discharging powers of the first charging and discharging profile and / or that the target charging and / or discharging powers of the target power profile are not exceeded for the first part of the operating period or the operating period, in particular at the respective predetermined charging and / or discharging periods.

[0009] In one embodiment, non-exceeding is understood to mean in particular a value between 0 and the respective charging or discharging power, but not a charge instead of a discharge or a discharge instead of a charge.

[0010] In one, particularly further, exemplary embodiment, not exceeding the limit is understood to mean, in particular, a power value between a respective charging power and a respective discharging power. This can mean, for example, that, at a predetermined charging and / or discharging period, a charging power specified by the first charging and / or discharging profile is changed or can be changed, in particular by the charging and / or discharging power control unit, to the discharging power specified by the target power profile for this charging and / or discharging period, at a discharge power specified by the target power profile for this charging and / or discharging period.

[0011] In one embodiment, in the first part of the operating period or in the operating period, the target charging and / or discharging power is at least partially smaller than the first charging and / or discharging powers.

[0012] In one embodiment, the second charging and / or discharging profile is provided for controlling the charging and / or discharging power of the at least one energy storage device. In one embodiment, the second charging and / or discharging profile determines the power with which the at least one energy storage device is charged and / or discharged. For this purpose, in particular, a signal is generated and preferably transmitted to the energy storage device, which determines the charging and / or discharging power of the at least one energy storage device. The charging and / or discharging of the at least one energy storage device from and / or into the grid preferably takes place according to the second charging and / or discharging profile.

[0013] By means of the second charging and / or discharging profile, a charging and / or discharging power of the at least one energy storage device is preferably controlled over the predetermined operating period for charging the energy storage device from a grid and / or for feeding energy from the energy storage device into the grid.

[0014] The system according to the invention makes it possible, in particular, to determine and / or provide the second charging and / or discharging profile both on the basis of the first charging and / or discharging profile determined by means of the energy storage control unit and on the basis of at least one target power profile determined by means of the grid state control unit depending on a current grid state, in particular depending on a grid frequency, and / or a grid state forecast.

[0015] The system according to the invention makes it possible, in particular, to determine the second charging and / or discharging profile both on the basis of data, in particular movement data, from the energy storage device, and on the basis of at least one current grid state and / or a grid state forecast. This enables, in particular, that, on the one hand, the charging and discharging of the energy storage device takes place within the permissible and / or desired limits, in particular with a maximum charging and / or discharging power, and, on the other hand, that any overfeed and / or underfeed in the grid is not further amplified, but rather is reduced or can be eliminated.

[0016] The system according to the invention makes it possible, in particular, to determine the second charging and / or discharging profile both with a view to improving the utilization of the energy storage device and with a view to improving grid stability, in particular with a view to reducing grid underloads and grid overloads. In particular, the target power profile comprises the grid-related requirements for charging and discharging the energy storage device, whereas the first charging and / or discharging profile comprises the storage-related requirements for charging and discharging the energy storage device. In particular, the second charging and / or discharging profile takes into account both the grid-related and the storage-related requirements for charging and discharging the energy storage device.

[0017] In particular, the at least one target charging and / or discharging power comprises a (target) charging and / or discharging power determined by the grid state control unit based on the power available in the grid, in particular for balancing an oversupply or undersupply in the grid, and / or for balanced grid operation. In one embodiment, a target charging power corresponds to an excess power available in the grid, in particular in the sense of an oversupply in the grid. In one embodiment, a target discharging power corresponds to a power lacking in the grid, in particular in the sense of an undersupply in the grid.

[0018] In one embodiment, a target charging and / or discharging power corresponds to a charging and / or discharging power required for balanced grid operation. The at least one target charging and / or discharging power is, in particular, the charging and / or discharging power required for balanced grid operation, by means of which, in particular, a balance is made between the difference between the power fed into the grid and the power taken from the grid.

[0019] The target power profile preferably includes at least one target charging and / or discharging power. A target charging and / or discharging power relates in particular to at least one predetermined charging and / or discharging period.

[0020] The system according to the invention makes it possible, in particular, to withdraw energy during periods of oversupply in the grid and to feed energy into the grid during periods of undersupply. Preferably, the system enables a reduction of an oversupply and / or undersupply of the grid by at least 1%, in particular at at least one predetermined charging and / or discharging period. Particularly preferably, in one embodiment, the system enables a compensation of an oversupply and / or undersupply of the grid, in particular at at least one predetermined charging and / or discharging period.

[0021] Energy is understood, in particular, to be electrical energy. Charging the energy storage device is understood, in particular, to be a current flow from the grid into the energy storage device. Discharging the energy storage device is understood, in particular, to be a current flow from the energy storage device into the grid.

[0022] A charging and / or discharging power is understood in particular to mean a power curve over the operating period which, at predetermined charging and / or discharging periods, during a respective discharging period, includes a discharge of the energy storage device into the grid by means of a discharging power and / or, during a respective charging period, a charging of the energy storage device from the grid by means of a charging power, or neither a charging nor a discharging.

[0023] In one embodiment, the system comprises an update unit by means of which the first and / or the second charging and / or discharging profile and / or the target power profile can be updated in update steps with a predetermined frequency, in particular with a frequency in the range of 1 to 10 seconds, so that a rolling process can be generated, wherein the start and end of the operating period are shifted back, in particular with each update, by the difference to the previous update step.

[0024] In particular, the update unit generates an update signal at a frequency, preferably in the range of 1 to 10 seconds, and forwards this to the energy storage control unit and / or the grid state control unit and / or the charging and / or discharging power control unit, which, upon receipt of the update signal, update the first and / or the second charging and / or discharging profile and / or the target power profile.

[0025] In one embodiment, the duration of an operating period is 1 to 4 days, in particular starting a first period of time, preferably 10 to 20 seconds, after the current time.

[0026] In one embodiment, the energy storage device comprises a storage data unit, a charging and / or discharging control unit and / or a storage unit.

[0027] In one embodiment, the storage unit comprises or has at least one accumulator or a plurality of accumulators, wherein the accumulator or the plurality of accumulators has in particular a power of at least 500 kW, preferably of at least 2 MW.

[0028] In one embodiment, the storage unit comprises or has at least one battery storage unit or a plurality of battery storage units, wherein the battery storage unit or the plurality of battery storage units has in particular a power of at least 500 kW, preferably of at least 2 MW.

[0029] An energy storage device is, in particular, a rechargeable energy storage device and / or a rechargeable galvanic cell. A battery storage device is, in particular, a rechargeable battery storage device and / or a rechargeable galvanic cell.

[0030] The battery storage device can, for example, comprise at least one LiFePO4 storage device and / or at least one lithium-ion storage device. The battery storage device can comprise at least one sodium-ion accumulator and / or sodium-ion storage device ("sodium-ion battery", SIB).

[0031] The battery storage device can, for example, comprise at least one flow battery storage device, in particular a redox flow battery storage device, a liquid battery, and / or a wet cell. The flow battery storage device is, in particular, an accumulator. The flow battery storage device stores electrical energy, in particular, in chemical compounds, with the reactants being dissolved in a solvent.

[0032] The battery storage device can comprise at least one thermal storage device. The thermal storage device can, in particular, be electrically charged.

[0033] A battery storage device includes or is, in particular, a solar battery, solar accumulator, or home storage device. A battery storage device includes or is, in particular, a stationary or mobile energy storage device. A battery storage device includes or is, in particular, a rechargeable energy storage device and / or an energy storage device based on an accumulator.

[0034] In one embodiment, the energy storage device has a power, in particular electrical input and / or output power, between 3 MW and 600 MW. In one embodiment, the energy storage device has a capacity, in particular electrical, between 3 MWh and 1200 MWh.

[0035] In one embodiment, the energy storage device comprises a grid-scale battery storage device.

[0036] In one embodiment, the energy storage device comprises a co-located battery storage device, in particular in conjunction with a photovoltaic system and / or with a power between 2 and 5 MW,

[0037] In one embodiment, the energy storage device comprises a behind-the-meter battery storage device, in particular with a power output between 6kW and 600kW.

[0038] In one embodiment, the energy storage device comprises an EV battery storage device and / or a storage unit in conjunction with a photovoltaic system and a wind turbine and / or a storage unit in conjunction with a combined heat and power plant and / or run-of-river. In one embodiment, the energy storage control unit comprises an energy management system (EMS), battery management system (BMS), power management system (PMS), and / or a frequency controller, wherein, in particular, the energy storage control unit acquires storage data from a storage data unit of the energy storage device.

[0039] In one embodiment, the energy storage control unit records data, in particular first data, preferably movement data, of the energy storage device, in particular the current state of charge, SoC, the current state of health, SoH, the current capacity, data, in particular temperatures, voltages and / or resistances, of cells of the energy storage device and / or the current temperature of the energy storage device, in particular within its container, and / or the environment of the energy storage device.

[0040] The energy storage control unit determines a first charging and / or discharging profile over the operating period, which comprises first charging and / or discharging powers, in particular at predetermined charging and / or discharging periods. To this end, the energy storage control unit preferably determines charging powers and subsequent discharging powers from the energy storage device data, which, for example, enable the fastest possible charging and subsequent discharging of the energy storage device without placing excessive strain on the energy storage device, for example, due to excessively high temperatures and / or excessively high voltages and / or currents.

[0041] For example, the energy storage control unit can calculate a first charging power from a maximum permissible charging current and an operating voltage.

[0042] The energy storage device is or preferably comprises a battery, in particular a rechargeable one, or an accumulator. The energy storage device preferably comprises cells, in particular storage cells or battery cells.

[0043] The system according to the invention makes it possible, in particular, to determine the second charging and / or discharging profile both with a view to improved use and / or extended lifetime of the energy storage device and, in particular, with a view to improving grid stability, in particular with a view to reducing grid underloads and grid overloads.

[0044] The system according to the invention enables, in particular, the service life of the energy storage device to be extended, preferably by means of degradation-based optimization of the energy storage device by the system, while maintaining at least the same or even greater utility of the energy storage device for grid stability. The system according to the invention enables, in particular, a reduction in the degradation of the energy storage device, preferably by at least 5%, particularly preferably by at least 10% or 20%, while maintaining the same or greater utility of the energy storage device for grid stability.

[0045] Degradation of the energy storage device refers in particular to a process by which the amount of energy that the energy storage device can store or the amount of power that the energy storage device can provide is permanently reduced.

[0046] In one embodiment, the energy storage control unit determines or estimates data, in particular second data, preferably movement data, of the energy storage device. The data, in particular second data, are in particular stress factors of the energy storage device. The data, in particular second data, preferably comprise at least one, any combination, or all of the following data:

[0047] - Stress due to aging of the energy storage ("time stress")

[0048] - Stress caused by temperature of the energy storage (“temperature stress”)

[0049] - Stress due to the state of charge of the energy storage device ("State of Charge stress")

[0050] - Stress caused by charging and / or discharging current of the energy storage device ("C-rate stress")

[0051] - Stress due to the amplitude of the state of charge curve of the energy storage device ("Depth of Discharge stress")

[0052] - Stress due to the formation of the solid electrolyte interphase film in the energy storage device (“Solid electrolyte interphase film formation”) - Stress at chemically induced transitions in the voltage curve of the energy storage device

[0053] Stress due to aging of the energy storage device ("time stress") preferably refers to the decrease in capacity and efficiency of the energy storage device due to aging, in particular regardless of the use of the energy storage device.

[0054] Stress due to temperature of the energy storage device ("temperature stress") preferably refers to the reduction in capacity and efficiency of the energy storage device due to unfavorable temperatures of cells of the energy storage device, in particular due to temperatures above a maximum temperature and / or due to temperatures below a minimum temperature. In particular, both excessively low and excessively high temperatures can lead to stress, with different effects on the cells of the energy storage device, in particular a reduction in the service life of the cells of the energy storage device and / or an increase in the internal resistance of the cells of the energy storage device. The temperature of the cells and / or the stress due to temperature can in particular be dependent on the charging and / or discharging current of the energy storage device or can have dependencies on the charging and / or discharging current of the energy storage device.

[0055] The relationship between temperature and temperature stress is preferably non-linear.

[0056] State-of-charge stress preferably refers to stress caused by holding energy in the energy storage device at certain, particularly high, charge levels. The relationship between the state of charge of the energy storage device and state-of-charge stress is preferably non-linear.

[0057] Stress caused by the energy storage device's charging or discharging current ("C-rate stress") arises primarily from high or excessive charging and discharging currents. The relationship between the charging or discharging current and stress caused by the charging or discharging current is preferably non-linear.

[0058] Stress due to the amplitude of the state of charge curve or charging curve of the energy storage device ("depth of discharge stress") arises in particular from charging cycles with a higher amplitude between the charged and discharged state of the energy storage device, in particular from an amplitude value between the charged and discharged state of the energy storage device that is greater than a predetermined amplitude.

[0059] The relationship between amplitude or amplitude size and stress due to amplitude of the state of charge curve is preferably non-linear.

[0060] Stress due to the formation of the solid-electrolyte interphase film in the energy storage device ("Solid electrolyte interphase film formation") refers in particular to stress caused by a process that occurs particularly frequently in new energy storage devices (or batteries) and is accelerated by other stressors or stress factors. The process is preferably non-linear.

[0061] Stress at chemically induced transitions in the voltage curve of the energy storage device refers, in particular, to stress that is concentrated on chemical processes at certain transitions in the charge level that lead to increased stress. Certain transitions in the charge level are typically isolated effects on the voltage curve of the energy storage device. In particular, stress at chemically induced transitions in the voltage curve depends nonlinearly, preferably significantly nonlinearly, on the voltage and / or the voltage curve of the energy storage device.

[0062] Preferably, the second data are determined or estimated from the first data.

[0063] The energy storage control unit determines the first charging and / or discharging profile, in particular from or using the data determined, estimated, and / or acquired by the energy storage control unit, in particular from the first and / or second data. In one embodiment, the energy storage control unit is designed to determine the first charging and / or discharging profile from or using the data determined, estimated, and / or acquired by the energy storage control unit, in particular the first and / or second data.

[0064] In one embodiment, the energy storage control unit acquires data, in particular first or the first data, of the energy storage device or from the energy storage device, determines or estimates data, in particular second or the second data, of the energy storage device, preferably from or using the first data, and determines or estimates the first charging and / or discharging profile from the, in particular first and / or second, data.

[0065] "Stress" is preferably understood to mean excessive strain on the energy storage device and / or strain that reduces the service life of the energy storage device, particularly compared to a predetermined service life. Processes in or on the energy storage device that cause excessive strain ("stress") are also referred to as stress factors.

[0066] In one embodiment, the network state control unit detects and / or determines network signals of the network, in particular a current network frequency and / or a forecast of the network frequency, a network state, in particular an oversupply or undersupply, preferably every second, preferably every 1 to 10 seconds.

[0067] In one embodiment, the network state control unit comprises at least one frequency measuring unit for determining a current network frequency.

[0068] In one embodiment, the network state control unit detects and / or determines a network state forecast.

[0069] A grid condition forecast includes, in particular, a forecast of feed-in to the grid, a forecast of withdrawal from the grid, and a forecast of over- and / or under-feeding in the grid based on these forecasts. A grid condition forecast includes, in particular, a photovoltaic forecast and / or a wind forecast, preferably based on at least one weather model.

[0070] A photovoltaic forecast and / or a wind forecast is understood, in particular, to mean a forecast of the expected impact of the power fed into the grid by photovoltaic and / or wind turbines. In particular, an expected solar radiation and / or an expected, particularly average, wind force is determined based on at least one weather model and / or weather forecast data, preferably based on a grid area assigned to the grid.

[0071] Preferably, an expected feed-in into the grid is determined on the basis of the expected solar radiation and / or the expected, in particular average, wind strength.

[0072] The network status forecast includes in particular consumption forecasts and / or forecasts of control power demand.

[0073] A consumption forecast is, in particular, a forecast of the expected impact of electricity consumption on the grid. A consumption forecast is, in particular, a forecast of the expected power consumption from the grid.

[0074] The network condition forecast includes, in particular, weather models and / or satellite images and / or a Sahara dust forecast.

[0075] The grid status forecast includes, in particular, the availability of plants feeding electricity into the grid, e.g., at least one coal-fired unit.

[0076] The grid condition forecast includes, in particular, the evaluation of thermal images at power plants using infrared cameras and / or magnetic resonance measurements at power plants through power lines. In one embodiment, the grid condition forecast can include price forecasts as well as a forecast of the services offered, requested, and / or supplied.

[0077] The forecast of feed-in into the grid preferably includes a forecast of at least one feed-in type. Examples of feed-in types include photovoltaic feed-in, wind energy feed-in, and / or power plant feed-in.

[0078] In one embodiment, the network is a power grid, in particular a public power grid and / or external power grid and / or local power grid and / or internal power grid.

[0079] In one embodiment, the power grid is or comprises a high-voltage grid. In particular, the grid operates at a voltage between 100 kV and 380 kV.

[0080] In one embodiment, the charging and / or discharging periods are specified in a second grid or in a 5 to 60 minute grid, in particular as positive and / or negative values ​​or as a charging and / or discharging profile.

[0081] In particular, the operating period consists of a plurality of charging and / or discharging periods. The duration of each charging and / or discharging period is preferably between 5 and 60 minutes.

[0082] In one embodiment, the first charging and / or discharging profile comprises at least one discharge from the energy storage device into the grid and at least one subsequent charging of the energy storage device from the grid, in particular such that the charge of the energy storage device exceeds at least a first charge level of the energy storage device and the subsequent discharge of the energy storage device falls below at least a second charge level of the energy storage device. The first charging and / or discharging profile in particular designates at least one discharge from the energy storage device into the grid and at least one subsequent charging of the energy storage device from the grid, taking into account the data or movement data of the energy storage device.

[0083] A state of charge refers, in particular, to the charge level of the energy storage device relative to its storage capacity. The state of charge is preferably expressed as a percentage. A state of charge of 0% preferably indicates an empty energy storage device and / or a state of charge of 100% indicates a full energy storage device. The state of charge is preferably referred to as the "state of charge" (SoC).

[0084] In one embodiment, the first state of charge is at least 80%, in particular at least 90%. In one embodiment, the second state of charge is at most 20%, in particular at most 10%.

[0085] In one embodiment, the first state of charge is such that the second state of charge differs by at least a predetermined depth of discharge (DOD). Preferably, the predetermined depth of discharge is at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, and in particular at least 90%.

[0086] Preferably, the first charging and / or discharging profile causes a cyclical charging and discharging of the energy storage device.

[0087] In one embodiment, the first charging and / or discharging profile comprises the respective maximum charging and / or discharging power determined from the battery data.

[0088] Charging power refers, in particular, to the charging of the energy storage device from the grid with electrical power. The charging power results, in particular, from a charging current multiplied by a charging voltage. Discharge power refers, in particular, to the discharging of the energy storage device into the grid with electrical power. The discharge power results, in particular, from a discharging current multiplied by a discharging voltage.

[0089] In one embodiment, the target power profile comprises at least one target feed-in from the energy storage device into the grid and / or at least one target charge of the energy storage device from the grid according to an expected grid deviation.

[0090] In one embodiment, the target power profile comprises the respective maximum withdrawal and / or feed-in power from or into the grid determined depending on a current grid state, in particular depending on a grid frequency, and / or a grid state forecast.

[0091] In one embodiment, the target power profile comprises a charging or discharging power forecast for the respective charging and / or discharging period by means of the grid state forecast, in particular by the grid state control unit.

[0092] In one embodiment, the target power profile for determining a charging and / or discharging period takes into account at least one predicted grid state further in the future, for example, on a subsequent day. For example, the target power profile can take into account that an oversupply or undersupply at a future point in time, for example, on a subsequent day, is forecast to be even greater than during a charging and / or discharging period, so that a corresponding target charging or discharging power is reduced during the charging and / or discharging period.

[0093] In one embodiment, the charging and / or discharging power control unit provides the second charging and / or discharging profile for controlling the charging and / or discharging power to at least one charging and / or discharging control unit of the energy storage device.

[0094] In one embodiment, the system, in particular the energy storage control unit and / or the grid state control unit and / or the charging and / or discharging power control unit, comprises a, in particular artificial and / or machine-based, neural network and / or a network based on artificial intelligence (KI system, KI unit).

[0095] In one embodiment, the neural network is particularly designed as a feed-forward network. In particular, the feed-forward network is designed such that the outputs of the neurons are only routed in the processing direction and / or are not fed back via a recurrent edge.

[0096] The neural network comprises in particular at least one input layer, at least one output layer, and at least one, preferably at least two, hidden layers.

[0097] In one embodiment, the system, in particular the energy storage control unit and / or the grid state control unit and / or the charging and / or discharging power control unit, implements reinforcement learning or machine learning (RL). In particular, a software agent independently learns a strategy to maximize received rewards.

[0098] In one embodiment, the system, in particular the energy storage control unit and / or the grid state control unit and / or the charging and / or discharging power control unit, comprises at least one unit based on machine learning.

[0099] The invention also relates to an arrangement comprising a system for controlling a charging and / or discharging power of at least one energy storage device over a predetermined operating period for charging the energy storage device from a network and / or for feeding energy from the energy storage device into the network, as well as an energy storage device and / or a network.

[0100] The system according to the invention is described further below with reference to figures in the exemplary embodiments.

[0101] Fig. 1 Loading profiles according to the invention and

[0102] Fig. 2 shows a system according to the invention.

[0103] Fig. 2 shows a system 10 for controlling a charging power PL and / or discharging power PE according to Fig. 1 of at least one energy storage device 20 over a predetermined operating period B for charging the energy storage device 20 from a grid 30 and / or for feeding energy from the energy storage device 20 into the grid 30.

[0104] By means of an energy storage control unit 11, a first charging and / or discharging profile LEP1 according to Fig. 1 can be determined over the operating period B, which comprises first charging and / or discharging powers PLEPI for predetermined charging and / or discharging periods ti to t8.

[0105] By means of a network state control unit 12, at least one target power profile SLP with at least one target charging and / or discharging power PSLP for at least a first part of the operating period B can be determined depending on a current network state 30, in particular depending on a network frequency, and / or a network state forecast 31.

[0106] By means of a charging and / or discharging power control unit 13, the first charging and / or discharging profile LEP1 can be changed into at least a second charging and / or discharging profile LEP2 such that the first charging and discharging powers PLEPI of the first charging and discharging profile LEP1 are not exceeded for the operating period and that the target charging and discharging powers PSLP of the target power profile SLP are not exceeded for the operating period.

[0107] During the first part of the operating period, the charging and / or discharging power PSLP is lower than the first charging and / or discharging powers P LEPI . The second charging and / or discharging profile LEP2 is provided to control the charging and / or discharging power of the at least one energy storage device 30.

[0108] The first charging and / or discharging profile, the second charging and / or discharging profile and the target power profile can be updated by an updating unit 14 in update steps with a predetermined frequency, in particular with a frequency in the range of 1 to 10 seconds.

[0109] This makes it possible to create a rolling process, whereby the start and end of the operating period B are shifted back with each update by the difference to the previous update step.

[0110] The duration of an operating period B is 1 to 4 days, in particular starting a first period, preferably 10 to 20 seconds, after the current time.

[0111] The energy storage device 20 comprises a storage data unit 21, a charging and / or discharging control unit 22 and a storage unit 23.

[0112] The storage unit 23 has at least one battery storage unit or a plurality of battery storage units, wherein the battery storage unit or the plurality of battery storage units has in particular a power of at least 500 kW, preferably of at least 2 MW.

[0113] The energy storage device 20 may comprise a grid-scale battery storage device, in particular with a power between 3MW and 22MW.

[0114] Alternatively or additionally, the energy storage device 20 may comprise a co-located battery storage device, in particular in conjunction with a photovoltaic system and / or with an output between 2 and 5 MW.

[0115] Alternatively or additionally, the energy storage device 20 may comprise a behind-the-meter battery storage device, in particular with a power output between 6 kW and 600 kW. Alternatively or additionally, the energy storage device 20 may comprise an EV battery storage device and / or a storage unit in conjunction with a photovoltaic system and a wind turbine and / or a storage unit in conjunction with a combined heat and power plant and / or run-of-river.

[0116] The energy storage control unit 11 includes an energy management system, EMS, battery management system, BMS, power management system, PMS, and / or a frequency controller.

[0117] In particular, the energy storage control unit 11 acquires storage data from a storage data unit 21 of the energy storage device 20.

[0118] The energy storage control unit 11 records data, in particular first data and / or movement data, of the energy storage device 20.

[0119] In particular, the data, in particular first data, could include the current state of charge, SoC, the current state of health, SoH, the current capacity, data, in particular temperatures, voltages and / or resistances, of cells of the energy storage device and / or the current temperature of the energy storage device, in particular within its container, and / or the environment of the energy storage device.

[0120] In particular, the system is intended to extend the service life of the energy storage device 20, preferably by means of a degradation-based optimization of the energy storage device 20, while maintaining at least the same benefit of the energy storage device 20 for grid stability. The system preferably brings about a reduction in the degradation of the energy storage device 20, preferably by at least 5%, while maintaining at least or approximately the same benefit of the energy storage device for grid stability.

[0121] In particular, the energy storage control unit 11 determines or estimates data, in particular second data, or movement data of the energy storage device 20, wherein the data, in particular second data, comprise at least one, any combination or all of the following data: - Stress due to aging of the energy storage device ("Time Stress"),

[0122] - Stress caused by temperature of the energy storage (“temperature stress”),

[0123] - Stress due to the state of charge of the energy storage device (“state of charge stress”),

[0124] - Stress caused by charging or discharging current of the energy storage device ("C-rate stress"),

[0125] - Stress due to the amplitude of the charge state curve of the energy storage device (“Depth of Discharge stress”),

[0126] - Stress due to the formation of the solid-electrolyte interphase film in the energy storage device (“Solid electrolyte interphase film formation”),

[0127] - Stress at chemically induced transitions in the voltage curve of the energy storage device.

[0128] Preferably, the second data are determined or estimated from the first data.

[0129] The energy storage control unit determines the first charging and / or discharging profile LEP1 in particular from or using the data acquired, determined and / or estimated by the energy storage control unit 11, in particular the first and / or second data.

[0130] The network state control unit 12 detects network signals of the network 30, in particular a current network frequency and / or a forecast 31 of the network frequency, a network state, in particular an oversupply or undersupply, preferably every second, preferably every 1 to 10 seconds.

[0131] The grid 30 is a power grid, in particular a public power grid. Alternatively or additionally, the grid can be an external power grid and / or a local power grid and / or an internal power grid.

[0132] The charging and / or discharging periods are specified in a second grid or in a 5 to 60 minute grid, in particular as positive and / or negative values ​​or as a charging and / or discharging profile. The first charging and / or discharging profile LEP1 comprises at least one discharge from the energy storage device 20 into the grid and at least one subsequent charging of the energy storage device 20 from the grid.

[0133] The charging of the energy storage device 20 takes place in particular in such a way that the charging of the energy storage device 20 exceeds at least a first, predetermined, charging state of the energy storage device 20.

[0134] The subsequent discharge of the energy storage device 20 takes place in particular in such a way that the discharge of the energy storage device 20 falls below at least a second, predetermined, charge state of the energy storage device 20.

[0135] The target power profile SLP comprises at least one target feed-in from the energy storage device 20 into the grid and at least one target charge of the energy storage device 20 from the grid according to an expected grid deviation.

[0136] In one embodiment, the target power profile SLP comprises a charging or discharging power forecast for the respective charging and / or discharging period by means of the grid state forecast, in particular by the grid state control unit 12.

[0137] In one embodiment, the target power profile SLP for determining a charging and / or discharging period takes into account at least one forecast grid state further in the future, for example, on a subsequent day. For example, the target power profile SLP can take into account that an oversupply or undersupply at a future point in time, for example, on a subsequent day, is forecast to be even greater than during a charging and / or discharging period, so that a corresponding target charging or discharging power PSLP is reduced in the charging and / or discharging period t1 to t8.

[0138] The charging and / or discharging power control unit 13 provides the second charging and discharging profile LEP2 for controlling the charging and / or discharging power to at least one charging and / or discharging control unit 22 of the energy storage device 20. Fig. 1 schematically shows, by way of example, a first charging and discharging profile LEP1 as a solid line with first charging and discharging powers PLEPI, a second charging and discharging profile LEP2 as a dashed line with second charging and discharging powers PLEPZ, and a target power profile SLP as a (substantially) dotted line with target charging and discharging powers PSLP. For better visibility, superimposed lines in Fig. 1 are drawn slightly offset from one another.

[0139] In Fig. 1, charging power PL is shown at the top, and discharging power PE is shown at the bottom. Depending on whether the power is in the upper or lower range, charging or discharging of the energy storage device is specified.

[0140] In the embodiment according to Fig. 1, non-exceeding is to be understood in particular as a value between 0 and the respective charging or discharging power, but not as a charge instead of a discharge or a discharge instead of a charge.

[0141] In a particularly further and not shown embodiment, not exceeding is understood to mean, in particular, a power value between a respective charging power and a respective discharging power. This can mean, for example, that, at a predetermined charging and / or discharging period, corresponding to t1 to t8, a charging power predetermined by the first charging and / or discharging profile is changed or can be changed, in particular by the charging and / or discharging power control unit, into the discharging power predetermined by the target power profile for this charging and / or discharging period.

[0142] The profiles are shown over an operating period B, which, in the exemplary embodiment according to Fig. 1, is divided into a time grid of eight periods ti to ts, each lasting from 5 to 60 minutes. In period ti according to Fig. 1, the first charging and discharging power P LEPI of the first charging and discharging profile LEP1 is at zero, whereas the target charging power PSLP of the target power profile SLP is at a value PLI.

[0143] The charging and discharging power control unit 13 now changes the first charging and discharging profile LEP1 in the period ti into the second charging and discharging profile LEP2 in such a way that the first charging and discharging power PLEPI of the first charging and discharging profile LEP1 is not exceeded for the period ti of the operating period and that the target charging power PLI of the target power profile SLP is not exceeded for the period ti of the operating period.

[0144] This results in a second charging and discharging power P LEPZ of the second charging and discharging profile LEP2 of zero in period ti. Therefore, the energy storage device is neither charged nor discharged, since neither the charging nor the discharging power is greater than zero.

[0145] In period t2, the first charging power P LEPI of the first charging and discharging profile LEP1 is at PL2, whereas the target discharging power PSLP of the target power profile SLP is at a value PE1.

[0146] The charging and discharging power control unit 13 changes the first charging and discharging profile LEP1 in the period t2 into the second charging and discharging profile LEP2 such that the first charging power PL2 of the first charging and discharging profile LEP1 is not exceeded for the period t2 of the operating period and that the target discharging power PE1 of the target power profile SLP is not exceeded for the period tz of the operating period.

[0147] This results in a second charging and discharging power P LEPZ of the second charging and discharging profile LEP2 of zero in period t2. Therefore, the energy storage device is neither charged nor discharged, since neither the charging nor the discharging power is greater than zero.

[0148] In this case, the first charging and discharging profile LEP1 in period t2 includes a first charging power PL2, whereas the target power profile SLP has a target discharging power PE1. Since a non-exceeding value is considered to be between 0 and PL2 or 0 and PE1, the second charging and discharging power P LEPZ in period t2 is zero.

[0149] In period t3, the first charging power P LEPI of the first charging and discharging profile LEP1 is at PL4, whereas the target charging power P S LP of the target performance profile SLP is at a value PL3.

[0150] The charging and discharging power control unit 13 changes the first charging and discharging profile LEP1 in the period t3 into the second charging and discharging profile LEP2 such that the first charging power PL4 of the first charging and discharging profile LEP1 is not exceeded for the period t3 of the operating period and that the target charging power PL3 of the target power profile SLP is not exceeded for the period t3 of the operating period B.

[0151] This results in a second charging power P LEPZ of the second charging and discharging profile LEP2 of PL3 in period t3. Thus, the energy storage device is charged because the charging power PL3 is greater than zero.

[0152] In period t3 of operating period B, the target power PL3 is therefore smaller than the first charging power PL4.

[0153] In period t7, the first discharge power PLEPI of the first charge and discharge profile LEP1 is at PE3, whereas the target discharge power P SLP of the target performance profile SLP is at a value PE4.

[0154] The charging and discharging power control unit 13 changes the first charging and discharging profile LEP1 in the period t7 into the second charging and discharging profile LEP2 such that the first discharging power PE3 of the first charging and discharging profile LEP1 is not exceeded for the period t7 of the operating period B and that the target discharging power PE4 of the target power profile SLP is not exceeded for the period t7 of the operating period B. This results in a second discharging power P LEPZ of the second charging and discharging profile LEP2 of PE3 in the period t?. Thus, the energy storage device is discharged because the discharging power PE3 is greater than zero.

[0155] The grid condition forecast includes, in particular, a photovoltaic forecast and / or a wind forecast, preferably based on at least one weather model. A photovoltaic forecast and / or a wind forecast is understood, in particular, to mean a forecast of the expected impact of the power fed into the grid by photovoltaic and / or wind systems.

[0156] The grid status forecast includes, in particular, consumption forecasts and / or forecasts of control power usage. A consumption forecast is understood, in particular, as a forecast of the expected impact of electricity consumption on the grid.

[0157] The network condition forecast includes, in particular, weather models and / or satellite images and / or a Sahara dust forecast.

[0158] The grid status forecast includes in particular the availability of plants feeding electricity into the grid, e.g. a coal-fired power plant.

[0159] The network condition forecast includes in particular the evaluation of thermal images at power plants using infrared cameras and / or magnetic resonance measurements at power plants using power lines.

[0160] The network status forecast may, in one embodiment, include price forecasts as well as a forecast of the services offered, requested, and / or supplied. Reference symbols list

[0161] 10 systems

[0162] 11 Energy storage control unit

[0163] 12 Network status control unit

[0164] 13 Charging and / or discharging power control unit

[0165] 14 Update unit

[0166] 20 energy storage units

[0167] 21 Storage data unit

[0168] 22 Charging and / or discharging control unit

[0169] 23 Storage unit

[0170] 30 network

[0171] 31 Forecast

[0172] B Operating period ti..ts Charging and / or discharging periods

[0173] LEP1 first charging and / or discharging profile

[0174] LEP2 second charging and / or discharging profile

[0175] SLP target performance profile

[0176] PL charging power

[0177] PE discharge power

[0178] PLI..4 charging capacities

[0179] PE1..4 discharge capacities

[0180] PLEPI first charging and / or discharging services

[0181] PLEPZ second charging and / or discharging services

[0182] PSLP Target charging and / or discharging power

Claims

Patent claims 1. A system (10) for controlling a charging and / or discharging power (PE, PL) of at least one energy storage device (20) over a predetermined operating period (B) for charging the energy storage device (20) from a grid (30) and / or for feeding energy from the energy storage device (20) into the grid (30), wherein a first charging and / or discharging profile (LEP1) can be determined over the operating period (B) by means of an energy storage control unit (11), which comprises first charging and / or discharging powers (PLEPI), in particular at predetermined charging and / or discharging periods (t1 to t8), wherein at least one target power profile (SLP) with at least one target charging and / or discharging power (PSLP) for at least a first part of the operating period can be determined by means of a grid state control unit (12) depending on a current grid state (30), in particular depending on a grid frequency, and / or a grid state forecast (31),wherein a charging and / or discharging power control unit (13) converts the first charging and / or discharging profile (LEP1) into at least a second, Charging and / or discharging profile (LEP2) can be changed, in particular taking into account the target power profile (SLP).

2. System according to claim 1, wherein the first charging and / or discharging profile (LEP1) can be changed at least into the second charging and / or discharging profile (LEP2) by the charging and / or discharging power control unit (13) in such a way that the first charging and / or discharging powers (PLEPI) of the first charging and discharging profile (LEP1) and / or that the at least one target charging and / or discharging power (PSLP) of the target power profile (SLP) is / are not exceeded for at least the first part of the operating period (B), in particular for the respective predetermined charging and / or discharging periods, and / or wherein in the first part of the operating period the target charging and / or discharging power (PSLP) is / are at least partially smaller than the first charging and / or discharging powers (PLEPI), and / or wherein the second charging and / or discharging profile (LEP2) is / are used to control the charging and / or Discharge power of the at least one energy storage device (30) is provided.

3. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first and / or the second charging and / or discharging profile can be updated by an updating unit (14) in update steps with a predetermined frequency, in particular with a frequency in the range of 1 to 10 seconds, so that a rolling process can be generated, wherein the start and end of the operating period are shifted back, in particular with each update, by the difference to the previous update step.

4. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the duration of an operating period is 1 to 4 days, in particular beginning a first period of time, preferably 10 to 20 seconds, after the current time.

5. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the energy storage device (20) comprises a storage data unit (21), a charging and / or discharging control unit (22) and / or a storage unit (23), wherein the storage unit (23) has at least one battery storage device or a plurality of battery storage devices, wherein the battery storage device or the plurality of battery storage devices has in particular a power of at least 500kW, preferably of at least 2MW.

6. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the energy storage device (20) comprises a grid-scale battery storage device, in particular with an output between 3MW and 22MW, a co-located battery storage device, in particular in conjunction with a photovoltaic system and / or with an output between 2 and 5MW, a behind-the-meter battery storage device, in particular with an output between 6kW and 600kW, and / or an EV battery storage device and / or a storage unit in conjunction with a photovoltaic system and a wind turbine and / or a storage unit in conjunction with a combined heat and power plant and / or run-of-river.

7. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the energy storage control unit (11) comprises an energy management system, EMS, battery management system, BMS, power management system, PMS, and / or a frequency controller, wherein in particular the energy storage control unit (11) acquires storage data from a storage data unit (21) of the energy storage device (20).

8. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the energy storage control unit (11) records data, in particular first data, or movement data of the energy storage device (20), in particular the current state of charge, SoC, the current state of health, SoH, the current capacity, data, in particular temperatures, voltages and / or resistances, of cells of the energy storage device and / or the current temperature of the energy storage device, in particular within its container, and / or the environment of the energy storage device.

9. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the system is provided to extend the service life of the energy storage device (20) with the same or higher benefit of the energy storage device (20) for the grid stability, preferably by means of a degradation-based optimization of the energy storage device (20), and / or wherein the system brings about a reduction in the degradation of the energy storage device (20), preferably by at least 5%, with at least the same or approximately the same benefit of the energy storage device (20) for the grid stability.

10. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the energy storage control unit (11) determines or estimates data, in particular second data and / or movement data, of the energy storage device (20) or is provided for determining or estimating the data, wherein the data, in particular second data, comprise at least one, any combination or all of the following data: - Stress due to aging of the energy storage, - Stress due to temperature of the energy storage, - Stress due to the charge level of the energy storage, - Stress caused by charging and / or discharging current of the energy storage device, - Stress due to the amplitude of the state of charge curve of the energy storage device, - Stress due to the formation of the solid-electrolyte interface phase in the energy storage, - Stress at chemically induced transitions in the voltage curve of the energy storage device.

11. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the energy storage control unit (11) determines the first charging and / or discharging profile (LEP1) from or using the energy storage data determined, estimated and / or recorded, in particular first and / or second, by the energy storage control unit (11) and / or wherein the energy storage control unit (11) is provided for determining the first charging and / or discharging profile (LEP1) from or using the energy storage data determined, estimated and / or recorded, in particular first and / or second, by the energy storage control unit (11) and / or wherein the second data are determined or estimated from the first data.

12. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the network state control unit (12) detects network signals of the network (30), in particular a current network frequency and / or a forecast (31) of the network frequency, a network state, in particular an oversupply or undersupply, preferably every second, preferably every 1 to 10 seconds.

13. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the network condition forecast is based on at least one or more of the following: PV forecast, wind forecast, in particular from at least one weather model, consumption forecast of energy consumption, weather models, satellite images, plant availability (e.g. coal block), Sahara dust forecast, evaluation of thermal images at power plants by Infrared cameras, magnetic resonance measurements at power plants through power lines, energy price forecasts, forecasts of control power demand, offered, particularly requested and offered services.

14. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the network (30) is a power network, in particular a public power network and / or external power network and / or local power network and / or internal power network.

15. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the charging and / or discharging periods are specified in a second grid or in a 5 to 60 minute grid, in particular as positive and / or negative values ​​or as a charging and / or discharging profile.

16. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first charging and / or discharging profile (LEP1) comprises at least one discharge from the energy storage device (20) into the grid and at least one subsequent charging of the energy storage device (20) from the grid, in particular such that the charging of the energy storage device exceeds at least a first charging state of the energy storage device and the subsequent discharging of the energy storage device falls below at least a second charging state of the energy storage device.

17. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the target power profile (SLP) comprises at least one target feed-in from the energy storage device (20) into the grid and / or at least one target charge of the energy storage device (20) from the grid according to an expected grid deviation.

18. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the charging and / or discharging power control unit (13) provides the second charging and / or discharging profile (LEP2) for controlling the charging and / or discharging power to at least one charging and / or discharging control unit (22) of the energy storage device (20).

19. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the system, in particular the energy storage control unit and / or the grid state control unit and / or the charging and / or discharging power control unit, comprises a, in particular artificial and / or machine-based, neural network and / or a network based on artificial intelligence, wherein the neural network is in particular formed by a feed-forward network, preferably such that the outputs of its neurons are only passed in the processing direction and / or are not fed back via a recurrent edge and / or wherein the system, in particular the energy storage control unit and / or the grid state control unit and / or the charging and / or discharging power control unit, implements reinforcement learning or reinforcement machine learning, reinforcement learning, RL.

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