Method and device for cleaning the insides of containers and systems

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (1) and a method for removing deposits on the insides (51) of containers and systems (50) by means of explosive technology. The device (1) contains an explosion generator (2) with an explosion chamber (3), at least one inlet device (4, 5) with an inlet opening (4.1) for admitting a gaseous substance into the explosion chamber (3) for the purpose of providing an explosive gas mixture in the explosion chamber (3), as well as an ignition device (6) for igniting the explosive gas mixture in the explosion chamber (3), and an outlet device (7) with at least one outlet opening (7.1) for discharging a pressure pulse and / or an explosive gas mixture for removing the deposits.

Description

[0001] DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CLEANING THE INTERIORS OF CONTAINERS AND SYSTEMS

[0002] The invention relates to the field of cleaning the interiors of containers and systems. It concerns a device and a method for removing deposits from the interiors of containers and systems using explosion technology.

[0003] The device and the method are specifically designed for cleaning contaminated and slagged containers and systems with deposits on their inner walls, particularly incineration plants.

[0004] The wall surfaces of combustion chambers or incineration boilers, waste heat boilers, or empty passes, such as those found in waste incineration plants or thermal power plants, or incineration boilers in general, are generally subject to heavy contamination. This contamination has an inorganic composition and typically results from the deposition of ash particles on the wall. Deposits in the area of ​​high flue gas temperatures are usually very hard, as they either stick to the wall in a melted or partially melted state, or are made of lower-melting or condensing substances that solidify and adhere to the cooler boiler wall. Such deposits are difficult and inadequate to remove using conventional cleaning methods. This means that the plant or parts of it must be periodically shut down and cooled down for cleaning.Since such systems are usually quite large, the construction of a scaffold in the furnace is often necessary. This also requires an interruption of operation for several days or weeks and is extremely unpleasant and unhealthy for the cleaning personnel due to the heavy dust and dirt generated. A usually inevitable side effect of a plant shutdown is damage to the vessel materials themselves as a result of the significant temperature changes. In addition to cleaning and repair costs, plant downtime costs due to lost production or revenue are also a significant cost factor.

[0005] One cleaning process used for decommissioned systems is sandblasting.

[0006] Cleaning methods that can be carried out while the plant is in operation include boiler knocking, as well as the use of steam jets, water jet blowers or soot blowers.

[0007] Furthermore, cleaning methods are known in which the cooled or hot boiler in operation is cleaned by inserting and detonating explosive devices. In the method described in document EP 1 067 349, a cooled explosive device is brought close to the contaminated heating surface using a cooled lance, where the explosive charge is detonated. The deposits on the heating surface are blown off by the force of the detonation and the wall vibrations generated by the shock waves. Cleaning time can be significantly reduced with this method compared to conventional cleaning methods. With the necessary safety precautions, cleaning can take place while the incinerator is in operation or while the container is still hot. This makes it possible to clean a boiler in this way within hours and without interrupting operation, something that would take days with conventional cleaning methods.EP 1 362 213 B1 discloses a cleaning process that also utilizes the method of generating an explosion. Instead of explosives, however, this process involves attaching a container shell inflated with an explosive gas mixture to the end of a cleaning lance. The cleaning lance, together with the empty container shell, is introduced into the boiler room and positioned near the area to be cleaned. The container shell is then inflated with an explosive gas mixture. Igniting the gas mixture in the container shell creates an explosion whose shock waves detach contaminants from the boiler walls, tube bundles of heat exchangers, and other heat exchangers. The container shell is shredded and burned by the explosion. It therefore constitutes consumable material.

[0008] This process has the advantage over the previously mentioned blasting cleaning using explosives in that it is less expensive to operate, and unlike explosives, the procurement and handling of said gases does not require any special permits or qualifications, so anyone with appropriate training can perform the process. Furthermore, unlike explosives, the use of explosive gas mixtures poses no, or at least a significantly lower, risk of damage to the plant structures.

[0009] The cleaning methods mentioned above have in common that they are mobile cleaning processes, and the associated cleaning equipment must be operated by trained personnel on-site. These cleaning methods have the disadvantage that personnel must be deployed to clean the individual areas of the container or system's interior in stages using the mobile cleaning equipment.

[0010] Since the plant operator usually cannot provide its own, appropriately trained personnel for this task, such mobile cleaning services are usually carried out by external companies. This is correspondingly expensive and time-consuming. This also means that cleanings are only carried out periodically. The plant can therefore become heavily contaminated between cleanings, making its operation less efficient.

[0011] In addition to mobile cleaning processes, there are also permanently installed and fully automated cleaning systems which carry out cleaning operations inside the vessel or system at regular intervals. These systems are usually installed on the boiler wall, e.g. in the area of ​​a boiler door. A special type of permanently installed cleaning system is the so-called pressure wave generator. The operating principle of pressure wave generators is based on a lockable combustion chamber in which, when closed, a flammable gas mixture is provided under very high pressure, e.g. several dozen bar, in some cases even several hundred bar, and is caused to react by means of controlled ignition. The combustion chamber is opened at the time of ignition of the flammable gas mixture, whereby the pressure wave generated by the ignition of the flammable gas mixture is directed into the interior of the vessel or system to be cleaned.which spreads to the system being cleaned. The combustion chamber is usually closed by a movable piston. Such a pressure wave generator is described, for example, in WO2019185736 A1.

[0012] However, pressure wave generators suffer from high wear, particularly on moving parts such as the closure piston. This is due, among other things, to the fact that ignition occurs in a gas mixture under very high pressure, with the pressure wave resulting from the detonation of the gas mixture being many times the already very high initial pressure at ignition. The high detonation pressure, combined with the compression shocks feared during detonations, which propagate at supersonic speeds, leads to high wear. Therefore, the new generation of pressure wave generators are designed so that the reaction of the explosive gas mixture is not accompanied by a detonation. Rather, the reaction corresponds to a deflagration, which propagates at subsonic speeds and therefore exerts less wear on the mechanical parts of the purification system.

[0013] The object of a first aspect of the invention is to propose a device for cleaning the interiors of containers and systems that can be permanently installed, provides good cleaning performance, and, in particular, is also low-wear. Furthermore, the device should be fully automated, so that no personnel are required on-site for cleaning.

[0014] The device should therefore have as few moving parts as possible and be low-maintenance.

[0015] Devices designed for cleaning using explosion technology are typically monitored by pressure sensors. These sensors are used, for example, to detect the explosion and thus the regular ignition of the gas mixture during a cleaning cycle. This can indirectly detect the lack of ignition and thus the failure of a cleaning cycle.

[0016] Furthermore, pressure sensors can also be used to detect misfires, e.g., unwanted backfires from the interior of the container or system being cleaned. Another possible application is the monitoring of non-return devices, such as check valves. Non-return devices are used to prevent the explosion pressure wave from propagating upstream in the inlet channels or supply lines. Pressure sensors can then be used to detect non-return devices that are no longer functioning properly and are allowing the explosion pressure wave to propagate completely or partially upstream in the inlet channel or supply line. All applications of pressure sensors on such devices have in common that they measure the (gas) pressure in a gas-carrying part of the device. The pressure sensors are mounted accordingly on the device.

[0017] It has now been determined that the pressure sensors are affected by the strong vibrations of the device, which inevitably occur during the explosion of the explosive gas mixture during a cleaning cycle. This means that the pressure sensors have a comparatively short lifespan. The structure-borne noise from the explosions, which is transmitted from the device to the pressure sensor, can damage electrical contacts or electronic components in the pressure sensor.

[0018] It is therefore an object of a second aspect of the invention to propose a sensor device with a pressure sensor for determining the (gas) pressure in a gas-carrying part of the device, which is resistant to shocks, vibrations and, more generally, to structure-borne noise such as is generated during explosions.

[0019] The objects according to the two aspects of the invention are solved by the features according to the claims.

[0020] The problem is solved by a device for removing deposits from the interior of containers or systems using explosion technology, wherein the device contains an explosion generator. The explosion generator, in turn, comprises:

[0021] - an explosion chamber;

[0022] - at least one inlet device with an inlet opening for admitting a gaseous substance into the explosion chamber for the purpose of providing an explosive gas mixture in the explosion chamber; - an ignition device for igniting the explosive gas mixture in the explosion chamber;

[0023] - an outlet device with at least one outlet opening for releasing a pressure pulse for the purpose of removing deposits in the interior of the container or system.

[0024] According to the first aspect of the invention, the at least one outlet opening is open to the outside during the ignition and explosion of the explosive gas mixture. The outlet opening is open to the outside, in particular, during the introduction of the explosive gas mixture into the receiving space. The outlet opening is open to the outside, in particular, during a complete cleaning cycle.

[0025] A cleaning cycle comprises in particular the inlet of at least one gaseous substance into the explosion chamber of the explosion generator as well as the ignition of the explosive gas mixture and the subsequent explosion of the explosive gas mixture.

[0026] An explosion is characterized in particular by the mechanical effect of the sudden increase in pressure and temperature that occurs during deflagration or detonation of the explosive gas mixture. The explosion can therefore be the result of either detonation or deflagration of the explosive gas mixture.

[0027] In particular, the at least one outlet opening is closure-free. This means that the outlet opening is not temporarily closed by a closure element during operation.

[0028] The explosion generator is designed specifically for stationary installation on the container or system, particularly on a wall of the container or system that has a through-opening. The term "stationary" specifically means that the explosion generator is mounted or installed on the container or system in a fixed, fixed, or permanent manner. The explosion generator is specifically rigidly mounted or installed on a wall of the container or system.

[0029] A device according to the invention designed as a fixed installation has the advantage that it can be operated by the plant operator himself, and in particular, it is fully automated, eliminating the need to call in a service team for cleaning. This allows for significant cost savings. Furthermore, it also allows for more frequent cleaning, keeping the degree of contamination and thus the effort required for a single cleaning process within limits.

[0030] The automation of the cleaning device according to the invention can also include integrated process monitoring, in which measurement data, e.g., from sensors such as pressure sensors and / or temperature sensors, as well as operating data such as the number of cleaning cycles, cleaning times, consumption of raw materials, etc. of the cleaning device are centrally recorded and evaluated. For example, the data from several cleaning devices according to the invention in a system or even the data from several cleaning devices according to the invention in different systems can be centrally recorded and evaluated from the same location or from different locations.

[0031] The data can be collected and evaluated using an IT platform, such as a cloud-based IoT (Internet of Things) platform. Accordingly, the data and evaluations can be accessed remotely via external electronic devices such as smartphones, laptops, tablets, PCs, etc. and displayed graphically, for example. This keeps the operator or manufacturer of the cleaning equipment continuously informed about cleaning activities, any malfunctions or anomalies, the condition of the cleaning equipment, and upcoming maintenance requirements without having to be on-site.

[0032] The explosion generator is particularly constructed in several parts and comprises a first component (on the outside of the wall) with at least one inlet device, the explosion chamber, and the ignition device, as well as a second component (on the inside of the wall) forming the outlet device. When assembled, the two components form a continuous explosion chamber.

[0033] "Wall-side" means that the component is located outside the interior of the container or system to be cleaned. "Wall-side" means that the component is located inside the interior of the container or system to be cleaned. The outlet device of a fixed installation is therefore located inside the container or system.

[0034] The first and second components can each have a fastening flange. Thus, a first fastening flange is arranged on the first component, in particular on the wall side, and forms, in particular, a wall-side closure of the first component. The fastening flange is arranged, in particular, on the second partial body, which will be described below.

[0035] Furthermore, a second fastening flange is arranged on the second component, in particular on the wall side, and forms, in particular, a wall-side closure of the second component. The fastening flange is arranged, in particular, on the tubular gas-absorbing body of the second component, which will be described below.

[0036] "Wall-side" means, when installed, facing the wall of the vessel or system. With respect to the first component, this is equivalent to, when installed, facing the second component, and with respect to the second component, this is equivalent to, when installed, facing the first component.

[0037] When installed, the two mounting flanges of the first and second components face each other. When installed, the two mounting flanges are directed toward the wall of the vessel or system, enclosing it.

[0038] To attach the explosion generator to the wall of the container or system, the first and second components are attached to the wall of the container or system using the mounting flanges. The two components are indirectly connected to each other via the wall.

[0039] However, the first and second components can also be connected directly to each other via the mounting flanges. In this case, the device is attached to the tank or system or its wall by other means.

[0040] The components are attached to the wall of the container or system, e.g. via the mounting flanges, primarily by means of screw connections.

[0041] The explosion generator or its components are attached to the wall of the container or system, in particular, via a door opening in the wall of the container or system. The explosion generator or its components can be attached to the wall of the container or system, for example, via a mounting insert with a through hole installed in the door opening.

[0042] According to a further development of the invention, the first component on the outside of the wall comprises a particularly one-piece base body with a first partial body on the inlet side and a second partial body on the wall side or outlet side. The two partial bodies particularly form an obtuse angle, such that the first component forms a bend in the transition from the first to the second partial body. The bend is particularly designed such that the first partial body on the inlet side extends obliquely upwards when installed.

[0043] The second part of the wall-side body now has, in particular, a funnel-shaped extension. The funnel-shaped extension extends, in particular, toward the outlet device or the wall of the container or system. The funnel-shaped extension extends, in particular, from a mixing zone toward the outlet device or the wall of the container or system.

[0044] The funnel-shaped extension of the first component ends or, in particular, opens into an outlet-side physical interface for fastening the first component. The outlet-side physical interface comprises, for example, a fastening flange. The funnel-shaped extension ends or, with its largest cross-section, opens into the fastening flange.

[0045] The first component can be attached to the container or to a wall of the container via the physical interface.

[0046] The first component can be connected to the second component via the physical interface.

[0047] The first component can be connected via the physical interface to both the container or the wall of the container and to the second component.

[0048] The funnel-shaped expansion leads, in particular, to a cross-sectional expansion toward the outlet device or the wall of the container or system. The funnel-shaped expansion therefore serves, among other things, to enlarge the explosion chamber toward the outlet opening. This allows a larger volume of explosive gas mixture to be provided in the explosion generator. The explosive gas mixture is at atmospheric pressure, particularly in the area of ​​the funnel-shaped expansion.

[0049] The funnel-shaped expansion is characterized by a continuous increase in the flow cross-section, which, in contrast to a step-like cross-sectional expansion, achieves optimal flow conditions in the explosion chamber.

[0050] The opening angle of the funnel-shaped extension is, for example, 60° or smaller, in particular 45° or smaller, very particularly 30° or smaller. The opening angle of the funnel-shaped extension is, for example, 10° or larger, in particular 15° or larger, and very particularly 20° or larger.

[0051] The explosion chamber forms in particular a gas intake channel for the explosive gas mixture leading to at least one outlet opening.

[0052] According to a further development of the invention, the explosion chamber comprises at least one chamber section arranged in the first component on the outside of the wall and at least one further chamber section arranged in the second component on the inside of the wall of the explosion generator,

[0053] According to a further development of the invention, the explosion chamber comprises a first chamber section, a second chamber section adjoining the first chamber section and a third chamber section. The explosion chamber consists in particular of the three chamber sections mentioned.

[0054] The second chamber section, in particular, has a funnel-shaped extension. The angle of the funnel-shaped extension of the second chamber section corresponds, in particular, to an opening angle disclosed in connection with the second partial body. The third chamber section is, in particular, part of the outlet device.

[0055] The first and second chamber sections are, in particular, part of the first component on the outside of the wall. The third chamber section is, in particular, part of the component on the inside of the wall of the explosion generator.

[0056] The first chamber section is in particular a component of the inlet-side, first partial body and the second chamber section is in particular a component of the wall-side, second partial body of the wall-outside, first component.

[0057] The first chamber section forms in particular the mixing zone described below.

[0058] The at least one inlet device and the ignition device are arranged in particular on the inlet-side, first partial body.

[0059] The inlet opening of the at least one inlet device is arranged in particular at the inlet (of the inlet channel) into the explosion chamber or into the first chamber section or into the mixing zone of the explosion chamber.

[0060] The ignition device is particularly effective in the first chamber section or in the mixing zone of the explosion chamber.

[0061] The explosive gas mixture can be ignited using means known from the prior art. This is preferably done by electrically triggered spark ignition, by auxiliary flames, or by pyrotechnic ignition using appropriately arranged ignition means of the ignition device. The ignition device is, in particular, an electrical ignition device. This is characterized by the fact that it generates an ignition spark or, in particular, an electric arc for ignition.

[0062] It is also conceivable for the ignition device to have an ignition chamber or pre-chamber in which a gas mixture is caused to deflagrate or explode. The deflagrating or exploding gas mixture triggers the explosion or detonation in the explosion chamber. The deflagration or explosion can be propagated into the explosion chamber by appropriate fluidic means, such as a through-ignition line.

[0063] The ignition device is connected via an ignition cable to a control device described below.

[0064] According to a further development of the invention, the component on the inside of the wall comprises a base body, in particular a one-piece base body. The base body comprises, in particular, a tubular gas-absorbing body. The tubular gas-absorbing body is, in particular, a straight tube with a round, such as a circular, cross-section.

[0065] The tubular gas absorption body extends vertically from the wall into the interior of the container or system.

[0066] At one end, particularly at the end remote from the wall, an outlet body can be connected to the tubular gas-absorbing body. The outlet body forms at least one outlet opening. The outlet body is particularly part of a one-piece base body.

[0067] The tubular gas-absorbing body can also have a free end remote from the wall, which forms the outlet opening. At its end facing the wall, the base body or the gas-absorbing body, in particular, forms the mounting flange.

[0068] The device is designed in particular to form a cloud of an explosive gas mixture in the interior of the container or system. Since cloud formation is influenced by the geometry of the outlet device, the outlet device or outlet body is designed in particular to ensure optimal cloud formation with as little mixing of the explosive gas mixture with the surrounding atmosphere as possible. It has been shown that the geometry of the outlet device has an effect on the flow conditions when the explosive gas mixture exits the at least one outlet opening.

[0069] Furthermore, it is also advantageous if the recoil caused by the explosion pressure wave and acting on the attachment to the container or system can be kept as small as possible.

[0070] According to one embodiment, the tubular gas absorption body with the outlet opening is designed so that the explosion pressure wave and / or the explosive gas mixture flow out through the outlet opening parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tubular gas absorption body.

[0071] According to a further development of the invention, however, the component on the inside of the wall comprises an outlet body adjoining the tubular gas receiving body with at least one outlet opening.

[0072] The outlet body with the at least one outlet opening can be designed such that the explosion pressure wave and / or the explosive gas mixture in the outlet body is deflected or diverted from the longitudinal axis of the tubular gas-absorbing body. Accordingly, the exit direction through the at least one outlet opening runs at a particularly acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the tubular gas-absorbing body. This angle can be, for example, 10° or more, 20° or more, 30° or more, particularly 45° or more, and very particularly 60° or more. According to a particular embodiment, the angle is 90°. The at least one outlet opening is directed laterally.

[0073] According to a further development of the invention, the outlet body comprises at least two, and in particular exactly two, outlet openings. The at least two outlet openings are located in particular in a common plane. In the installed state of the explosion generator, the plane is oriented vertically, in particular.

[0074] The outlet body is, in particular, mirror-symmetrical, with the (center) longitudinal axis of the tubular gas-absorbing body as the axis of symmetry. The at least two outlet openings are likewise arranged mirror-symmetrically to one another, with the (center) longitudinal axis of the tubular gas-absorbing body as the axis of symmetry. The exit direction for the explosion pressure wave or the explosive gas mixture through the outlet openings runs at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the tubular gas-absorbing body. The angle is, in particular, identical for the at least two outlet openings.

[0075] The outlet device or the outlet body is designed in particular to form at least two separate clouds of explosive gas mixture simultaneously via the at least two outlet openings as part of a cleaning cycle.

[0076] The volumes of these clouds are correspondingly smaller, while the total volume of explosive gas mixture generated remains the same. The clouds can, for example, have a volume of 110 liters or less, 50 liters or less, and in particular 40 liters or less, 20 liters or less, or 10 liters or less. The clouds can, for example, have a volume of 1 liter or more, 10 liters or more, and in particular 20 liters or more.

[0077] Smaller clouds have the advantage that losses due to segregation in the peripheral zones are smaller, especially in strong flow conditions in the surrounding atmosphere, so that a comparatively high explosive force is achieved despite the smaller cloud size. Furthermore, the formation time of smaller clouds is shorter. This, on the one hand, lowers the risk of self-ignition at high temperatures. On the other hand, short cloud formation times are advantageous in pulsed explosions.

[0078] The generation of several smaller clouds also has the advantage that the explosion generator can be made smaller.

[0079] Incidentally, if the explosive gas mixture produced in a cleaning cycle is not ignited in a controlled manner due to a malfunction, the cloud that does not explode will either be mixed with the surrounding atmosphere or simply burned off by the heat in the combustion boiler.

[0080] According to one embodiment, the outlet device is T-shaped. It comprises the tubular gas-absorbing body and two tubular outlet lines of the outlet body, each branching off from the tubular gas-absorbing body at an angle of 90° to the longitudinal axis of the tubular gas-absorbing body. The outlet lines form a corresponding bend or pipe bend.

[0081] The outlet body thereby forms two outlet openings, each directed to one side. According to this embodiment, the gas flow splits in the outlet body, and each partial flow is deflected by 90° to the side. The T-shaped design of the outlet device has the advantage that the recoil forces cancel each other out thanks to the opposing outlet openings. According to a further embodiment, the outlet device comprises an outlet body with two tubular outlet lines, which, starting from a branch, extend laterally at an angle and enclose each other at an acute angle of 90° or less, thus forming a V-shaped arrangement. The two outlet lines are arranged mirror-symmetrically about a central longitudinal axis. Accordingly, the outlet body forms two outlet openings, each directed laterally at an angle.According to this embodiment, the gas flow splits in the outlet body and is deflected at an acute angle to the side.

[0082] According to a special development of this embodiment, the outlet device is Y-shaped and comprises a tubular gas receiving body and two tubular outlet lines of the outlet body, each branching off at an acute angle of less than 90° to the longitudinal axis of the tubular gas receiving body at a branching point,

[0083] Such an exhaust device has, among other things, the advantage that the recoil forces are partially canceled out.

[0084] According to a special variant, the opening plane of the outlet openings runs parallel to the central longitudinal axis or the longitudinal axis of the tubular gas-absorbing body. Such a geometry has a positive effect on the flow conditions in the area of ​​the outlet opening.

[0085] The outer diameter of the tubular gas-absorbing body can be, for example, 5 cm or larger, 10 cm or larger, and in particular 15 cm or larger. The outer diameter of the tubular gas-absorbing body can be, for example, 30 cm or smaller, and in particular 25 cm or smaller. The gas-absorbing body can have a length of 250 cm or less, 150 cm or less, 100 cm or less, 50 cm or less, or 20 cm or less.

[0086] The gas absorption body may have a length of 10 cm or more, 20 cm or more, 50 cm or more, 100 cm or more or 150 cm or more.

[0087] The total length of the outlet device may be 300 cm or less, 250 cm or less, 200 cm or less, 150 cm or less, or 100 cm or less.

[0088] The total length of the outlet device can be 50 cm or more, 100 cm or more, 150 cm or more, or 200 cm or more.

[0089] The at least one inlet device comprises, in particular, an inlet fitting for the controlled inlet of the gaseous substance into the explosion chamber. The inlet fitting is or comprises, in particular, an inlet valve. The inlet valve can be a solenoid valve or a pneumatic valve. Both valves are characterized by short switching times.

[0090] The inlet fitting is in particular a metering fitting for the metered inlet of the gaseous substance into the explosion chamber.

[0091] The at least one inlet annulus is arranged or attached in particular to the base body or to the first partial body of the first component of the explosion generator on the outside of the wall.

[0092] The explosion generator or the first component of the explosion generator on the outside of the wall or its base body forms, in particular, an inlet-side physical interface with at least one supply opening for connecting the inlet fitting of the at least one inlet device. The inlet-side physical interface can be designed, for example, as a base body connection plate in which the at least one supply opening is arranged.

[0093] The at least one inlet fitting can be connected to the base body or to its base body connection plate via a fitting connection plate, e.g. by means of screw connections.

[0094] According to a further development of the invention, the at least one inlet device comprises a backflow preventer. The backflow preventer is intended to prevent the explosion pressure wave from moving upstream through the inlet channels or supply lines toward the storage tank. Furthermore, the backflow preventer is intended to protect, in particular, the inlet manifold or the sensitive parts of the inlet manifold from the explosion pressure wave.

[0095] The non-return valve closes the supply line or the inlet channel when an upstream pressure force occurs, such as that which occurs during an upstream gas flow or an explosion pressure wave.

[0096] The check valve can be designed as a non-return valve. The check valve can be part of the inlet fitting. The check valve is located downstream of the inlet valve. However, the check valve can also be designed independently of the inlet fitting and, for example, be located downstream of the inlet fitting.

[0097] The inlet opening of the at least one inlet device is arranged downstream of the inlet fitting and, if applicable, the non-return valve. The inlet opening defines, in particular, the inlet cross-section for the gaseous substance into the explosion chamber. The explosive gas mixture formed from the at least one gaseous substance contains, in particular, a fuel and an oxidizing agent, such as (gaseous) oxygen.

[0098] The fuel can be liquid or gaseous. It can be from the group of flammable hydrocarbons, such as acetylene, ethylene, methane, ethane, propane, gasoline, diesel, oil, etc. However, the fuel is preferably a gas, such as acetylene, ethylene, methane, ethane, or propane, and especially natural gas.

[0099] According to a first variant, the explosive gas mixture can be formed from a gaseous substance introduced into the explosion chamber. This means that the introduced gaseous substance already forms the explosive gas mixture.

[0100] According to a second, preferred variant, the explosive gas mixture is formed from at least two, in particular from exactly two, gaseous substances, also called components, that are separately introduced into the explosion chamber. The at least two gaseous substances are mixed together in a mixing zone of the explosion chamber to form the explosive gas mixture.

[0101] A gaseous substance means that it is present in a gaseous state during the formation of the explosive gas mixture in the explosion chamber, and in particular already upon introduction into the explosion chamber. However, the at least one gaseous substance, also referred to as the starting material or component, can also be present in liquid form in pressurized storage containers. The at least one gaseous substance, in particular a fuel, can also be a rapidly evaporating liquid.

[0102] For example, a first gaseous substance is an oxidizing agent, and a second gaseous substance is a fuel. The first gaseous substance is, for example, (pure) oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas, such as air. Since the device is intended to generate an explosion by detonating the explosive gas mixture, the oxidizing agent is, in particular, (pure) oxygen. The second gaseous substance is, in particular, one of the aforementioned fuels.

[0103] Thus, according to the first variant, the device contains at least two, and in particular exactly two, inlet devices for admitting at least one first and second, and in particular exactly one first and second, gaseous substance into the explosion chamber to generate the explosive gas mixture in the explosion chamber. The explosion chamber forms a mixing zone for mixing the explosive gas mixture of the at least two gaseous substances.

[0104] In particular, a first inlet device is provided for admitting the oxidizing agent and a second inlet device is provided for admitting the fuel.

[0105] According to a further development of the invention, a first and second inlet opening of the at least two inlet devices have different inlet cross-sections. The inlet openings act in particular as baffles that limit the volume flow of the gaseous substance flowing into the explosion chamber.

[0106] The size of the inlet cross-sections of the first and second inlet openings is selected in particular such that the first and second gaseous substances flow into the explosion chamber in a stoichiometric ratio.

[0107] In particular, the inlet cross-section of the inlet opening of the first inlet device, by means of which the oxidizing agent is admitted into the explosion chamber, is larger than the inlet cross-section of the inlet opening of the second inlet device, by means of which the fuel is admitted into the explosion chamber

[0108] According to a particular development of the invention, the at least two inlet devices are designed or the inlet openings of the at least two inlet devices are arranged such that the at least one first and second gaseous substance flow into the explosion chamber at an angle, in particular at a right angle to each other.

[0109] An inlet device, in particular the first inlet device, is arranged or designed with its inlet opening in particular such that the gaseous substance, in particular the gaseous oxidizing agent, flows into the explosion chamber with a flow component directed towards the outlet opening or flows into the gas receiving channel formed by the explosion chamber at the end.

[0110] An inlet device, in particular the second inlet device, is arranged or designed with its inlet opening in such a way that the gaseous substance, in particular the gaseous fuel, flows laterally or transversely into the gas intake channel.

[0111] The at least one inlet device comprises, in particular, an inlet channel for introducing the gaseous substance into the explosion chamber. The inlet channel runs, in particular, in the base body of the first component. The inlet channel begins, in particular, at the supply opening in the base body. The inlet channel ends, in particular, at the inlet opening at the end of the inlet channel at the junction with the explosion chamber.

[0112] According to a further development of the invention, a first inlet device comprises a first inlet channel for introducing a first gaseous substance, and a second inlet device comprises a second inlet channel for introducing a second gaseous substance into the explosion chamber. The end sections of the inlet channels, each of which opens into the inlet opening, are arranged at an angle, in particular at a right angle, to one another.

[0113] The end section of an inlet channel, in particular of the first inlet channel, opening into the inlet opening has in particular a directional component directed towards the outlet opening

[0114] The cross-flow introduction of one gaseous substance, especially the fuel, ensures thorough mixing of the gaseous substances introduced into the explosion chamber to form an explosive gas mixture. This thorough mixing is primarily due to turbulent processes caused by the cross-flow of one gaseous substance.

[0115] According to the second aspect of the invention, the device has at least one sensor device with a pressure sensor for measuring a (gas) pressure in a gas-conducting part of the device.

[0116] The object according to the second aspect of the invention is now achieved in that the sensor device contains a pressure transmission line connecting the pressure sensor to the gas-carrying part of the device, wherein at least one line section of the pressure transmission line is flexible and, in particular, bendable. The flexible line section serves, in particular, as structure-borne sound dampening.

[0117] The pressure sensor is therefore not located directly at or on the gas-carrying part of the device, but rather at a distance from it via the pressure transmission line. The pressure transmission line is, in particular, an elongated line element that protrudes laterally from the gas-carrying part of the device. The pressure transmission line is, in particular, an elongated hollow body. The pressure transmission line can have one or more rigid line sections designed as tubes.

[0118] The pressure transmission line is made of metal.

[0119] The at least one flexible line section of the pressure transmission line, which is essential to the invention in connection with the second aspect of the invention, is designed in particular as a hose. While the hose is flexible, it is also particularly self-supporting, i.e., inherently stable.

[0120] The at least one flexible line section is made, in particular, of metal, such as stainless steel. The at least one flexible line section comprises, in particular, a flexible corrugated hose.

[0121] According to a further development of the at least one flexible line section, it has a multi-layered structure. The multi-layered, flexible line section contains, in particular, an inner hose and an outer hose surrounding the inner hose.

[0122] The inner hose is usually made of metal. The inner hose is usually a corrugated hose. However, the inner hose can also be made of plastic, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

[0123] The outer hose is primarily made of metal. The outer hose is primarily a braided hose.

[0124] According to a special design, the multi-layer, flexible line section contains an inner corrugated metal hose and an outer braided metal hose surrounding the corrugated hose. The pressure sensor is arranged, in particular, at the free end of the pressure transmission line. The pressure sensor can be screwed to the pressure transmission line, in particular, via a screw connection. The pressure transmission line, in turn, can be screwed to a corresponding connection on the explosion generator via a screw connection.

[0125] The pressure transmission line may contain an orifice plate. The orifice plate can serve, for example, to shield the pressure sensor from the heat of the explosion. The orifice plate can also serve to attenuate the pressure surges in the pressure transmission line generated during the explosion.

[0126] The pressure sensor is, in particular, a pressure transmitter or pressure transducer, as is known from the state of the art and is distributed, for example, by Finna Trafag AG.

[0127] The pressure transmitter comprises, in particular, a pressure sensor that converts pressure or a pressure change into an electrical signal using a physical principle. Furthermore, the pressure transmitter comprises, in particular, a measuring transducer electronics that processes the sensor signal and converts it into a standardized electrical output signal. The output signal is provided at an electrical connection. The pressure is applied to the pressure sensor via the pressure transmission line. The pressure sensor and electronics are, in particular, housed in a housing that protects these sensitive components from environmental influences and connects them to the electrical connection and the pressure transmission line.

[0128] The use of a pressure transmission line that is flexible at least in sections and, in particular, designed as a hose, dampens the structure-borne noise and vibrations triggered by the explosion of the explosive gas mixture in the explosion chamber. Thus, the structure-borne noise and vibrations are largely absorbed by the flexible section of the pressure transmission line.

[0129] The gas-carrying part of the device can, for example, include the non-return valve or the inlet fitting into which the non-return valve is integrated. The pressure transmission line is connected to the non-return valve or the inlet fitting such that the gas pressure in a gas-carrying area of ​​the non-return valve or the inlet fitting can be measured using a pressure sensor. In this case, the pressure sensor serves, for example, to monitor the non-return valve. Thus, the measured pressure values ​​can be used to determine whether the non-return valve is functioning properly or not.

[0130] The gas-carrying part of the device can be the explosion chamber. The pressure transmission line is connected to the explosion chamber in such a way that the gas pressure in the explosion chamber can be measured using a pressure sensor. In this case, the pressure sensor serves, for example, to monitor the ignition in the gas receiving space by the ignition device. For example, the measured pressure values ​​can be used to determine whether an explosion, and thus an ignition of the gaseous, explosive gas mixture, occurred in the explosion chamber during a cleaning cycle. The pressure sensor serves to monitor ignition.

[0131] The sensor device according to the second aspect of the invention can be used, for example, in a device or an associated explosion generator as described above. The above-mentioned sensor device can be used, in particular, in a device or an associated explosion generator according to the first aspect of the invention. However, the sensor device according to the second aspect of the invention is generally applicable to devices for cleaning the interiors of containers or systems using explosion technology, by means of which, in particular, an explosive gas mixture is caused to explode or deflagrate. Thus, the sensor device according to the second aspect of the invention can also be applied to pressure wave generators with a closure element, such as a closure piston, as described, for example, in WO2019185736 A1.

[0132] Furthermore, the sensor device according to the second aspect of the invention also finds application in mobile cleaning devices, such as those described, for example, in WO 2014 / 121409 or WO 2015 / 120563. These systems are characterized by a cleaning lance and, if appropriate, also by a container casing attached to the cleaning lance, which is filled with the explosive gas mixture.

[0133] The device further comprises, in particular, at least one storage container for storing the at least one starting material. The term "starting material" is used here because the at least one gaseous substance introduced into the explosion generator does not necessarily have to be in gaseous form in the storage container. Thus, the storage container is, in particular, a pressure container in which the starting material is present in liquid form under pressure.

[0134] The storage container is connected via a supply line to the at least one inlet device of the explosion generator for the purpose of introducing the at least one starting material or gaseous substance from the at least one storage container into the explosion chamber of the explosion generator.

[0135] The at least one storage container can, in particular together with a control device, be part of a dosing unit for the metered introduction of the at least one gaseous substance into the explosion chamber. When installed, the dosing unit is arranged in particular near and especially directly next to the explosion generator, e.g., on the outside wall of the container or system.

[0136] The at least one supply line is particularly flexible and especially designed as a hose. The at least one supply line can have a multi-layer structure and, for example, comprise or consist of an internal, gas-tight first protective hose and an external, second protective hose surrounding the internal, gas-tight hose. The external hose is, in particular, a protective hose.

[0137] The inner hose can be made of plastic, such as PTFE, or metal, such as a corrugated hose. The outer hose can be a braided hose, particularly made of metal.

[0138] If the explosive gas mixture is produced from at least two or two gaseous substances in a mixing zone of the explosion chamber, the device contains at least a first storage container with a first supply line for the first gaseous substance and a second storage container with a second supply line for the second gaseous substance for respectively introducing the at least first and second gaseous substances via the supply lines into the explosion chamber.

[0139] The storage containers can be designed as dosing containers, each of which contains the amount of starting material required for a cleaning cycle.

[0140] The at least one storage container can, in turn, be connected to a gas storage facility, from which the at least one storage container is supplied with the starting material, e.g., from gas cylinders. The storage containers therefore have a significantly smaller storage capacity than the respective gas cylinders in the gas storage facility. A dosing unit arranged between the explosion generator and the gas storage facility offers three key advantages:

[0141] 1. The storage of the starting materials in the gas storage facility can take place in a secure location and at a distance from the operational area of ​​the explosion generator. In the at least one storage container of the dosing unit, only the amount of starting material required for one or a few cleaning cycles is (temporarily) stored. This increases overall safety.

[0142] 2. Since the dosing unit's at least one storage container only holds the amount of starting material required for one or a few cleaning cycles, its size is comparatively small. This allows the dosing unit to be placed near or directly next to the explosion generator, even in tight spaces.

[0143] 3. The at least one starting material can be introduced into the explosion chamber of the explosion generator via a short supply line from the at least one storage container of the dosing unit. The short supply line allows for rapid introduction of the at least one starting material into the explosion chamber with minimal pressure loss. This enables pulsed operation of the explosion generator.

[0144] According to a preferred embodiment, the device is designed to introduce explosive gas mixture into the interior of the container or the system and to form a cloud of the explosive gas mixture in the interior of the container or the system.

[0145] This means that a portion of the explosive gas mixture produced during a cleaning cycle is introduced into the interior of the vessel or system through the outlet of the explosion generator. This cloud of the explosive gas mixture forms in the atmosphere. This cloud is then ignited in the explosion chamber to explode.

[0146] A particular feature of the cloud is that its interior is not physically separated from the surrounding atmosphere by any barrier, such as a container shell. Rather, the cloud's periphery is in direct contact with the surrounding atmosphere.

[0147] The device also includes, in particular, a control device. The control device serves, among other things, to control the ignition device. The control device also serves, in particular, to control the at least one inlet fitting for introducing the at least one gaseous substance into the explosion chamber. The control device is designed, in particular, for the metered introduction of the at least one, in particular the at least two, gaseous substances so that they are admitted into the explosion chamber, for example, in a stoichiometric ratio. The control device therefore serves to generate the explosive gas mixture, and in particular also to form the cloud. The control of the at least one inlet fitting and the ignition device are coordinated with one another in terms of control technology.

[0148] The invention now also relates to a method for removing deposits from the interiors of containers and systems using explosion technology, using a device described above. The method comprises the following steps:

[0149] - Introducing at least one gaseous substance into the explosion chamber;

[0150] - Providing an explosive gas mixture comprising the at least one gaseous substance in the explosion chamber; - Controlled ignition of the explosive gas mixture in the explosion chamber by means of the ignition device, whereby the explosive gas mixture is caused to explode.

[0151] The at least one gaseous substance is fed into the explosion generator from a storage container, in particular via a supply line.

[0152] The at least one outlet opening is open, in particular to the outside, during the introduction of the at least one gaseous substance and during the ignition and explosion of the explosive gas mixture.

[0153] Preferably, a portion of the explosive gas mixture provided in the explosion chamber flows through the at least one outlet opening into the interior of the container or system, wherein a cloud of the explosive gas mixture is formed in the interior.

[0154] The total volume of explosive gas mixture in the explosion chamber, consisting of the explosive gas mixture and, if applicable, the cloud, is provided or generated in the explosion chamber and detonated in a controlled manner, particularly within a period of 1 second or less, preferably 0.5 seconds or less, in particular 0.1 seconds or less. A period of 0.01 to 0.2 seconds has proven optimal.

[0155] The said period of time includes in particular the introduction of at least one gaseous substance into the explosion chamber and the ignition of the explosive gas mixture in the explosion chamber by the ignition device.

[0156] The said period is calculated, in particular, from the opening of the inlet valve(s) to introduce the at least one gaseous substance into the explosion chamber until the closing of the inlet valve(s) to terminate the introduction and ignite the explosive gas mixture. The ignition and, consequently, the explosion of the explosive gas mixture is controlled in particular to the time of closure of the inlet valve(s). In particular, the ignition occurs immediately after the closure of the metering valves. In particular, the ignition has a very short delay at most.

[0157] The very short cycle times enable the generation of pulsed explosions. Pulsed explosions mean that multiple explosions are generated in quick succession.

[0158] For example, one or more explosions can be generated within one second. It is possible to generate two to ten explosions within one second. Pulsed explosions have the advantage of generating vibrations in the system or container, which promote the cleaning process.

[0159] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, at least two, in particular exactly two, gaseous substances are introduced into the explosion chamber of the explosion generator. The at least two gaseous substances are mixed in a mixing zone of the explosion chamber to form an explosive gas mixture.

[0160] The at least two gaseous substances are each introduced separately from a storage container via at least one inlet fitting into the explosion chamber, in particular in a stoichiometric ratio to one another.

[0161] The explosive gas mixture is ignited in a controlled manner by the ignition device, particularly in the mixing zone. The explosion initiated in the explosion chamber is transmitted, in particular, to the cloud of explosive gas mixture outside the explosion generator. During the introduction of at least one gaseous substance until the ignition of the explosive gas mixture in the explosion chamber, a maximum gas overpressure of 100 kPa (1 bar), in particular 50 kPa (0.5 bar), and most especially 20 kPa (0.2 bar) is built up in the explosion chamber.

[0162] The overpressure corresponds to the pressure difference between the actual pressure and the (atmospheric) ambient pressure. The ignition of the explosive gas mixture occurs particularly in the aforementioned overpressure conditions.

[0163] The overpressures mentioned are comparatively small compared to those built up in the closed combustion chambers of conventional pressure wave generators. This is because the exhaust port remains open throughout the entire cleaning cycle.

[0164] At first glance, this appears to be a disadvantage because the initial pressure acts as a multiplier in the calculation of the expected explosion pressure. Thus, the explosion pressure is always a multiple of the initial pressure of the explosive gas mixture before the explosion. For example, the explosion pressure can be 25 times the initial pressure. If the explosive gas mixture has an overpressure, the explosion pressure is also increased by a corresponding multiple. Accordingly, the explosion pressure and thus the cleaning effect are much higher if the explosive gas mixture ignited in the cleaning device has an overpressure.

[0165] Therefore, the goal of conventional pressure wave generators is to build up the highest possible initial pressure in a closed combustion chamber, which, upon ignition, leads to a correspondingly strong pressure wave whose pressure reaches several times the initial pressure. However, since conventional pressure wave generators contain moving parts, such as the sealing pistons, detonation of the explosive gas mixture is undesirable. Otherwise, damage or severe wear to the moving parts is to be expected.

[0166] Since the explosion or detonation in the pressure wave generator takes place within the explosion chamber sealed during ignition, the cleaning effect in the explosion generator is not generated by the explosion or detonation itself, but by the resulting pressure wave. However, pressure wave generators with a closure system exhibit power losses, so that the pressure waves generated by the device according to the invention without outflow losses are equally strong or even stronger, despite the much lower output pressure. Furthermore, according to the device according to the invention, the explosion or detonation acting through the open outlet opening, or the explosion or detonation of the cloud, also contributes directly to the cleaning effect.

[0167] With the method according to the invention, however, the explosion of the explosive gas mixture is preferably triggered by a detonation of the explosive gas mixture, which propagates at supersonic speed and is coupled to a compression shock (shock wave).

[0168] An explosion triggered by a detonation achieves a high cleaning effect despite the comparatively low initial pressure. Since the explosion generator has no moving parts in the area of ​​the explosion chamber, it is also resistant to detonations.

[0169] According to one variant of the invention, the cloud of explosive gas mixture is not yet formed or not yet fully formed at the time of ignition. Thus, the explosion pressure wave propagating or moving in the direction of the at least one outlet opening upon ignition of the explosive gas mixture in the explosion chamber, particularly in the mixing zone, can cause the expulsion of explosive gas mixture through the at least one outlet opening, so that a cloud of explosive gas mixture is formed or fully formed.

[0170] The force of the explosion and the surface caused to vibrate by the shock waves, e.g. a container or pipe wall, cause the wall deposits and slag to be blown off and thus the surface to be cleaned.

[0171] The amount of explosive gas mixture delivered during a cleaning cycle is selected to achieve optimal cleaning results without causing damage to installations. For example, the explosion generator according to the invention generates 220 liters of explosive gas mixture per cleaning cycle.

[0172] A cleaning or explosion cycle can be divided into different cycles, similar to an internal combustion engine. In a first cycle, the inlet valve(s) to the explosion chamber are opened, and at least one gaseous substance is introduced under pressure into the explosion chamber of the explosion generator, and an explosive gas mixture is provided in the explosion chamber. If necessary, a cloud is also formed via the outlet opening outside the explosion generator.

[0173] After the specified amount of gaseous substance has been introduced, at least one inlet valve is closed. The ignition is then activated, and the resulting total volume of explosive gas mixture is detonated in a second cycle. Following the explosion, an explosive gas mixture can be generated again in the explosion chamber by reopening at least one inlet valve. Preferably, after the explosion has occurred, at least one inlet channel and, if applicable, the explosion chamber of the explosion generator are purged with a purge gas.

[0174] Purging with purge gas is intended to prevent the backflow of flue gases into the at least one inlet channel, and in particular to the at least one inlet fitting. The flue gases are expelled or driven out of the at least one inlet channel, and in particular from the explosion chamber, by the purge gas.

[0175] Otherwise, the cooling, hot flue gases can condense in the explosion generator and in particular in the at least one inlet channel and lead to corrosion, in particular to corrosion on the at least one inlet fitting.

[0176] The purge gas is, in particular, a non-flammable gas. The purge gas is, in particular, air or compressed air. The compressed air can be obtained from an existing compressed air supply.

[0177] The purge gas is fed downstream into the inlet duct, particularly after the inlet fitting. This prevents flue gases from flowing back to the inlet fitting.

[0178] The purge gas is fed downstream, particularly in front of the corresponding inlet opening.

[0179] The purge gas is fed into the inlet channel, particularly between the inlet fitting and a downstream non-return valve. The purge gas is fed into the inlet channel for the gaseous oxidizer. Alternatively or additionally, the purge gas can be fed into the inlet channel for the gaseous fuel.

[0180] If the gaseous fuel is introduced into the explosion chamber transversely to the gaseous oxidant, a purge gas supply into the inlet channel of the gaseous oxidant may be sufficient to also prevent the flow of flue gases into the inlet channel for the gaseous fuel.

[0181] For this purpose, the explosion generator contains, in particular, at least one connection device for connecting a purge gas line. The connection device can include a flashback arrestor to shield the purge gas line from the explosion pressure.

[0182] The control of the quantity of gaseous substance to be introduced, i.e. its dosage, which should be in a stoichiometric ratio, for example in the case of two or more gaseous substances, can be carried out in different ways.

[0183] The metered introduction of at least one gaseous substance can thus be carried out according to the principle of the differential pressure method, as described, for example, in WO 2015 / 120563. In this way, the corresponding target residual pressure or differential pressure can be determined from the quantity of gaseous substance to be introduced, starting from a known maximum pressure in a dosing or storage container with a known storage volume at the beginning of the introduction process. The dosing valve(s) are opened via the control device until the target residual pressure is measured via the pressure sensor. The pressure sensor is connected accordingly to the control device. The control of the quantity to be introduced, which, for example, in the case of two or more gaseous substances should be in a stoichiometric ratio, can also be done via the opening time of the dosing valves, i.e. in a time-controlled manner.

[0184] Thus, based on a known maximum pressure at the beginning of the introduction process and the known filling volume of the storage tank, the gas velocity or gas flow through the inlet valve can be determined mathematically or empirically. This allows a direct relationship to be derived between the opening time and the introduced gaseous substance. The specified opening time of at least one inlet valve is controlled by the control device.

[0185] In particular, the storage vessels have an overpressure of a maximum of 20 bar or less. For example, an overpressure of 10 to 20 bar can be provided. Since the gaseous substance introduced into the explosion chamber has a comparatively low (over)pressure, the aforementioned pressures in the storage vessels nevertheless allow the gaseous substance to be introduced into the explosion chamber at high speed.

[0186] Thus, the at least one gaseous substance can be introduced at an average velocity of over 50 m / s (meters per second), particularly over 100 m / s, and advantageously over 200 m / s. However, the velocity may locally even exceed the speed of sound, e.g., in the area of ​​abrupt cross-sectional expansions. Such abrupt cross-sectional expansions occur, for example, in the area of ​​valves, non-return valves, or inlet openings.

[0187] Since strict safety regulations apply to storage vessels with a maximum overpressure of 20 bar or less, maintenance costs and effort are reduced, e.g. as a result of the elimination of regular inspections. It can be provided that at least one storage or pressure vessel is not completely emptied, i.e. to ambient pressure. This means that the residual pressure is particularly at an overpressure. The residual pressure can be, for example, 5 bar or more, in particular 10 bar or more, such as 10 to 15 bar. Thanks to the high residual pressure, high discharge velocities can be achieved. This is the case, for example, with discharge using the differential pressure method.

[0188] The device according to the invention is installed in particular in the area of ​​wall surfaces of combustion chambers or combustion boilers, of waste heat boilers or empty passes of waste incineration plants, of thermal power plants, or generally of combustion boilers.

[0189] The device according to the invention and the associated method are used in particular for the general cleaning of wall surfaces, tube bundles, and heat exchangers in the aforementioned systems. The device according to the invention and the associated method can also be used for cleaning catalysts in flue gas purification systems.

[0190] Furthermore, the device according to the invention and the associated method can also be used for cleaning, i.e., for removing adhering deposits and encrustations from hardened concrete in the interiors of facilities for the production, storage, and / or transport of flowable concrete. Such facilities can be, for example, truck mixers (concrete mixers) or concrete mixing plants.

[0191] The subject matter of the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to preferred embodiments, which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. They show schematically: Figure 1: a side view of a device according to the invention with an explosion generator installed on a container or a system;

[0192] Figure 2: a front view of the device according to Figure 1;

[0193] Figure 3: an enlarged section of the device according to the invention according to Figure 1 from the area of ​​the explosion generator;

[0194] Figure 4a: a perspective view of an explosion generator according to the invention;

[0195] Figure 4b: the perspective view according to Figure 4a with a side elevation;

[0196] Figure 5: a first embodiment of an outlet device;

[0197] Figure 6: a second embodiment of an outlet device.

[0198] Figure 7a: a first perspective view of the base body of the first component of an explosion generator on the outside of the wall;

[0199] Figure 7b: a second perspective view of the base body according to Figure 7a;

[0200] Figure 8: a perspective view of a first embodiment of a pressure transmission line of a sensor device according to the invention according to the second aspect of the invention;

[0201] Figure 9: a perspective view of a second embodiment of a pressure transmission line of a sensor device according to the invention according to the second aspect of the invention;

[0202] Figure 10: a sectional view of the structure of a flexible pressure transmission line;

[0203] Figure 11: a detailed view of the corrugated hose according to Figure 10.

[0204] In principle, identical parts in the figures are provided with identical reference symbols.

[0205] For a better understanding of the invention, certain features are not shown in the figures. The described embodiments are exemplary of the subject matter of the invention.

[0206] Figures 1 to 3 schematically show a system 50 with an interior space 51 to be cleaned, in which a tube bundle 52 of a heat exchanger is located. In the area of ​​a passage opening 53 in the wall 54 of the system 50, the explosion generator 2 of a device 1 according to the invention is permanently installed on the wall 54 of the system via a mounting insert 55 (see also Figure 3).

[0207] The explosion generator 2 is described in detail below using the detailed view according to Figures 4a and 4b.

[0208] In addition to the explosion generator 2 permanently installed on the wall 54 of the system 50, the device 1 contains a supply device 30. The supply device 30 comprises a dosing unit 31 with a first and second storage container 34, 35 for separately supplying the explosion generator 2 connected downstream with a first and second starting material for producing an explosive gas mixture.

[0209] The starting materials are fed from the storage containers 34, 35 to the explosion generator 2 via supply lines 32, 33. A first starting material in the form of a gaseous fuel, such as ethylene or natural gas, is fed to the explosion generator 2 via a first supply line 32 and introduced into the explosion chamber 3 of the explosion generator 2 via a first inlet device 4. A second starting material in the form of a gaseous oxidizing agent, such as oxygen, is fed to the explosion generator 2 via a second supply line 33 and introduced into the explosion chamber 3 of the explosion generator 2 via a second inlet device 5.

[0210] The storage containers 34, 35 are in turn supplied with the respective output components via supply lines 36, 37 from gas cylinders 38, 39 of a gas storage facility, which is not integrated into the dosing unit 31. The gas storage facility with the gas cylinders 38, 39 is not located in the immediate vicinity of the explosion generator 2 or the dosing unit 31, but rather at some distance from them. The dosing unit 31 is located in the immediate vicinity of the explosion generator 2 on the outside of the wall 54 of the system 51 (see Figure 2). The dosing unit 31 is also supplied externally with purge gas for purging the explosion chamber 3 via a supply line 43. The purge gas is, for example, compressed air, which is drawn from an existing compressed air system. Furthermore, the dosing unit 31 also has a power supply line 40 to an external power source for power supply.

[0211] The dosing unit 31 also includes a control device 41 for controlling the cleaning process. The control device 41 controls, among other things, the introduction of the starting components into the explosion chamber 3 of the explosion generator 2 and the ignition device 6.

[0212] The explosion generator 2 according to Figure 3 and Figures 4a and 4b comprises a first component 2.1 on the outside of the wall and a second component 2.2 on the inside of the wall, which forms the outlet device 7. Both components 2.1, 2.2 each have a connecting flange 8, via which they are fastened to the wall 54 or to the mounting insert 55 of the system 51 by means of screw connections 56. The wall 54 of the system 51 forms a through opening in the fastening area. The two components 2.1, 2.2 form a continuous explosion chamber 3 when assembled.

[0213] The explosion chamber 3 has three chamber sections 3.1-3.3. The first component 2.1 forms a first chamber section 3.1 and a second chamber section 3.2 which adjoins the first chamber section in the process direction or flow direction R and widens in a funnel shape (see Figure 4b). The second component 2.2 forms the third chamber section 3.3, which ends in the outlet opening 7.1 in the process direction R (see Figures 5 and 6). The first component 2.1 has a base body 9 with an inlet-side, first partial body 9.1, which comprises the first chamber section 3.1, and with an outlet-side, second partial body 9.2, which forms the second chamber section 3.2 with the funnel-shaped widening. The second partial body 9.2 forms a funnel-shaped extension 10 in the process direction R, which ends in a first connecting flange 8 (see also Figures 4a and 4b).

[0214] The second, outlet-side sub-body 9.2 of the first component 2.1 protrudes perpendicularly outward from the wall 54 of the system 51 when installed. The two sub-bodies 9.1, 9.2 are arranged at an obtuse angle y to each other. Thus, the first component 2.1 has a bend at the transition from the first to the second sub-body. The bend is designed such that the first, inlet-side sub-body 9.1 extends upward at an angle when installed.

[0215] The explosion generator 2 or the first component 2.1 or the base body 12 forms an inlet-side physical interface 13, which is shown in the figures in the form of a base body connection plate 13. However, the base body connection plate 13 is only one possible embodiment of such an inlet-side physical interface. The inlet-side physical interface 13 has a first and second feed opening 13.1, 13.2 for introducing the two starting materials. A first and second inlet fitting 4.2, 5.2 of a first and second inlet device 4, 5 is connected to the aforementioned feed openings 13.1, 13.2. The introduction of the starting materials into the explosion chamber 3 is controlled via the inlet fittings 4.2, 5.2 by means of the control device 1.

[0216] The inlet fittings 4.2, 5.2 are connected to the base body 12 or the base body connection plate 13 via a common fitting connection plate 14. For this purpose, the two connection plates 13, 14 are screwed together via screw connections 56. However, the fitting connection plate 14 is only one possible design of such an inlet-side physical interface on the part of the inlet fittings 4.2, 5.2.

[0217] In the inlet-side, first sub-body 9.1, a first and second inlet channel 4.5, 5.5 leads from the supply openings 13.1, 13.2 at the inlet-side physical interface 13 into the explosion chamber 3. The inlet channels 4.5, 5.5 each terminate via an inlet opening 4.1, 5.1 in the explosion chamber 3 (see Figure 4b). The inlet channels 4.5, 5.5 with their respective inlet openings 4.1, 5.1 are designed so that the two gaseous substances flow into the mixing zone 11 at an angle ß of 90° to each other.

[0218] The inlet fittings 4.2, 5.2 are each arranged between the supply lines 32, 33 and the supply opening 13.1, 13.2 or the base body connection plate 13. The inlet fittings 4.2, 5.2 each comprise a switched solenoid valve 4.4, 5.4 with a check valve 4.3, 5.3 (check valve) arranged downstream in the flow direction R. The inlet fittings 4.2, 5.2 each comprise a valve circuit 17 with solenoid coils for switching the inlet valves 4.4, 4.5. The inlet fittings 4.2, 5.2 are connected to the control device 41 via the respective valve circuits 17 and valve control lines 18.

[0219] The explosion chamber 3 forms a mixing zone 11 in the first chamber section 3.1 in the area of ​​the inlet openings 4.1, 5.1, in which the two starting components or substances introduced separately in a stoichiometric ratio are mixed with each other to form an explosive gas mixture.

[0220] The first component 2.1 further comprises an ignition device 6 arranged on the inlet-side, first partial body 9.1. This ignition device is designed to ignite in the first chamber section 3.1 and in particular directly in the mixing zone 11. The ignition device 6 is connected via an ignition line 42 to the dosing unit 31 and the associated control device 41. The ignition device 6 and the ignition process are controlled by the control device 41.

[0221] Furthermore, a purge gas connection 15 for feeding a purge gas into the first inlet fitting 4.2 is arranged on the first component 2.1 between the inlet valve and the non-return valve. For this purpose, the purge gas connection 15 is connected to a purge gas line 43. A non-return valve 16 is integrated into the purge gas connection 15. This is intended to prevent the propagation of the explosion pressure wave into the purge gas line 43.

[0222] On the first component 2.1, sensor devices 20 are arranged, each with a pressure transmitter 20.1 for measuring the pressure in a gas-carrying part of the component 2.1. A first such sensor device 20 is arranged on the first partial body 9.1 for monitoring the pressure in the explosion chamber 3. A further sensor device 20 is arranged on the inlet fitting 4.2, 5.2 for monitoring the pressure in the inlet fitting 4.2, 5.2. The sensor devices 20 each comprise a pressure transmission line 20.2 for transmitting the gas pressure in the gas-carrying part of the component to the pressure transmitter 20.1. Furthermore, the sensor devices 20 and the pressure transmitter 20.1 are each connected to the control device 41 via sensor lines 20.3. The sensor signals are transmitted to the control device 41 via the sensor lines 20.3.

[0223] The arrangement of the sensor device 20 is particularly clearly shown in Figure 3. The pressure transmission line 20.2 of the sensor device 20 is attached to a connection on the inlet fitting 4.2 via a screw connection. At the other, free end of the pressure transmission line 20.2, the pressure transmitter 20.1 is also screwed onto the pressure transmission line 20.2 via a screw connection. The gas pressure in the gas-carrying part of the component, such as in the inlet fitting 4.2 here, is transmitted to the pressure transmitter 20.1 via the pressure transmission line 20.2. A line section 21 of the pressure transmission line 20.2 is now designed as a flexible hose.

[0224] The structure of the pressure transmission line 20.2 according to the second aspect of the invention is shown in Figures 8 to 11.

[0225] Figures 8 and 9 show two different embodiments of pressure transmission lines 20.2, each comprising a flexible line section 21. Furthermore, both ends of the pressure transmission lines 20.2 are each equipped with internally threaded sleeves 20.4, via which the pressure transmission lines 20.2 can be screwed to a screw connection on the explosion generator 2 or via which the pressure transmitters 20.1 can be screwed to the pressure transmission lines 20.2.

[0226] The pressure transmission lines 20.2 shown in Figure 8 differ from the pressure transmission lines 20.2 shown in Figure 9 by a bent pipe section that deflects the pressure transmission lines 20.2 at an angle of 90°. Such pressure transmission lines 20.2 are particularly used when the screw connection leads vertically away from the explosion generator 2. The bent pipe section ensures that the sensor device 20 with the pressure transmitter 20.1 does not protrude too far laterally.

[0227] The flexible line section 21 is a self-supporting hose and consists of an outer braided hose 21.2, which serves primarily as protection, and an inner, gas-tight corrugated hose 21.1 surrounded by the braided hose 21.2. Both hoses are made of metal.

[0228] Figures 5 and 6 show special embodiments of outlet devices 7. These have in common that they have a base body 12 with a tubular gas receiving body 12.1, at the wall-side end of which a connecting flange 8 is arranged, via which the outlet device 7 is fastened to the wall 54 of the system 51.

[0229] The tubular gas intake body 12.1 extends vertically from the wall 54 into the interior 51 of the system 50. At its end remote from the wall, the outlet side, is an outlet body 12.2, which forms two outlet openings 7.1. The gas intake body 12.1 and the outlet body 12.2 are welded together.

[0230] According to the embodiment according to Figure 5, the outlet device is T-shaped, wherein starting from the wall-remote end of the tubular gas absorption body 12.1, two outlet pipes of the outlet body 12.2 each lead away laterally in opposite directions via a bending section. The end sections of the outlet pipes each lead away laterally at an angle of 90° relative to the tubular gas absorption body 12.1.

[0231] The outlet pipes are each mirror-symmetrical to the longitudinal axis A of the tubular gas-absorbing body 12.1. An outlet opening 7.1 is arranged at each free end of the outlet pipes. The opening plane of the outlet openings 7.1 runs, in particular, parallel to the longitudinal axis A of the tubular gas-absorbing body 12.1.

[0232] The flow of explosive gas mixture and the pressure wave generated in the explosion chamber are split in the outlet body 12.2 and deflected by 90° toward the two lateral outlet openings (see arrows). The explosive gas mixture forms a cloud 70 outside the outlet openings 7.1.

[0233] According to the embodiment of Figure 6, the outlet device is Y-shaped, with two outlet pipes of the outlet body 12.2 extending laterally at an acute angle a to the longitudinal axis A of the tubular gas absorption body 12.1, starting from the wall-remote end of the tubular gas absorption body 12.1. The outlet pipes are each mirror-symmetrical to the longitudinal axis A of the tubular gas absorption body 12.1. An outlet opening 7.1 is arranged at each free end of the outlet pipes. The opening plane of the outlet openings 7.1 runs parallel to the longitudinal axis A of the tubular gas absorption body 12.1. This increases the outlet cross-section.

[0234] The flow of explosive gas mixture and the pressure wave generated in the explosion chamber are split in the outlet body 12.2 and deflected obliquely at an acute angle to the two outlet openings 7.1. The explosive gas mixture forms a cloud 70 outside the outlet openings 7.1.

[0235] The outlet devices according to Figures 5 and 6 have the particular advantage that, thanks to the lateral exit of the explosion pressure waves, there are less or no recoil forces.

[0236] To carry out the process, the storage containers 34, 35 are pre-filled with the starting components or substances from the gas cylinders 38, 39.

[0237] At the beginning of a cleaning cycle, the inlet valves 4.2, 5.2 are opened by the control device 41, and the starting components flow in stoichiometric ratios into the mixing zone 11 of the explosion chamber 3, where they mix to form the explosive gas mixture. The two gaseous substances are introduced into the mixing zone 11 at an angle ß of 90° to each other in the so-called crossflow process. As soon as the predefined inlet quantity of starting components is reached, the inlet valves 4.2, 5.2 are closed by the control device 41.

[0238] Since the explosion chamber is not closed to the interior 51 of the container or system 50, the explosive gas mixture flows through at least one outlet opening 7.1 into the interior 51 of the container or system 50 before its ignition and forms a cloud 70. The formation of the explosive gas mixture in the explosion chamber 3 and the cloud 70 of explosive gas mixture takes, for example, 0.015 to 0.03 seconds.

[0239] Immediately after the inlet valves 4.2, 5.2 are closed, or after a defined time delay, the explosive gas mixture is ignited by the ignition device 6. The ignition device 6 is actuated by the control device 41 via the ignition line 42. The explosive gas mixture in the explosion chamber 3 and in the generated cloud 70 detonates. This causes a pressure wave in the interior 51 of the container or system 50.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS 1. Device (1) for removing deposits in interior spaces (51) of containers or installations (50) by means of explosion technology, comprising an explosion generator (2): - with an explosion chamber (3) - at least one inlet device (4, 5) with an inlet opening (4, 1) for admitting a gaseous substance into the explosion chamber (3) for the purpose of providing an explosive gas mixture in the explosion chamber (3), - an ignition device (6) for igniting the explosive gas mixture in the explosion chamber (3); - an outlet device (7) with at least one outlet opening (7.1) for discharging a pressure pulse and / or an explosive gas mixture for removing the deposits.

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one outlet opening (7.1) is free of closure, 3. Device according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the explosion generator (2) is designed for stationary installation on the container or the system (50), in particular on a wall (54) of the container or the system (50) having a through opening (53).

4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the explosion generator (2) is designed in several parts and comprises a first component (2.1) on the outside of the wall with the at least one inlet device (4, 5) and the ignition device (6) and a second component (2.2) on the inside of the wall with the outlet device (7).

5. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the first and second components (2.1, 2.2) each have a fastening flange (8) for mutual connection and / or for connection to the container or the system (50).

6. Device according to one of claims 4 to 5, characterized in that the first wall-outside component (2.1) comprises a particularly one-piece base body (9) with an inlet-side partial body (9.1) and a wall-side partial body (9.2), and the wall-side partial body (9.2) has a funnel-shaped extension (10).

7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the opening angle (α) of the funnel-shaped extension (10) is 60° or smaller, in particular 45° or smaller, very particularly 30° or smaller, and 10° or larger, in particular 15° or larger, and very particularly 20° or larger.

8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the explosion chamber (3) comprises or consists of a first chamber section (3.1), in particular forming a mixing zone (11), a second chamber section (3.2) adjoining the first chamber section (3.1) and widening in a funnel shape, and a third chamber section (3.3) as part of the outlet device (7).

9. Device according to one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the wall-inside component (2.2) comprises a, in particular one-piece, base body (12) with a tubular gas-absorbing body (12.1).

10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the at least one inlet device (4, 5) comprises an inlet fitting (4.2, 5.2) for controlled inlet of the gaseous substance into the explosion chamber (3).

11. Device according to claim 10, characterized in that the base body (9) contains an inlet-side physical interface (13) with at least one supply opening (13.1, 13.2) for connecting the inlet fitting (4.2, 5.2) of the at least one inlet device (4, 5).

12. Device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the at least one inlet device (4, 5) and in particular the inlet fitting (4.2, 5.2) comprises a non-return valve (4.3, 5.3).

13. Device according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the inlet opening (4.1, 5.1) of the at least one inlet device (4, 5) is arranged downstream of the inlet fitting (4.2, 5.2).

14. Device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the device (1) contains at least two inlet devices (4, 5) for admitting at least a first and a second gaseous substance into the explosion chamber (3) to generate the explosive gas mixture in the explosion chamber (3), and the explosion chamber (3) forms a mixing zone (11) for mixing the explosive gas mixture.

15. Device according to claim 14, characterized in that a first and second inlet opening (4.1, 5.1) of the at least two inlet devices (4, 5) have a different inlet cross-section and act as baffles which limit the volume flow of the gaseous substance flowing into the explosion chamber (3).

16. Device according to one of claims 14 to 15, characterized in that the inlet channels (4.5, 5.5) and the inlet openings (4.1, 5.1) of the at least two inlet devices (4, 5) are designed and arranged such that the at least one first and second gaseous substance flow into the explosion chamber (3) at an angle (ß), in particular at a right angle to one another.

17. Device according to one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that a first inlet device (4) has a first inlet channel (4.5) for introducing a first gaseous substance and a second inlet device (5) has a second inlet channel (5.5) for introducing a second gaseous substance into the explosion chamber (3), and the end sections of the inlet channels (4.5, 5.5) opening into the inlet opening (4.1, 5.1) are arranged in particular at an angle (ß) to one another.

18. Device according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the device (1) contains at least one sensor device (20) with a pressure sensor (20.1) for measuring a gas pressure in a gas-carrying part of the device (1) and a pressure transmission line (20.2) connecting the pressure sensor (20.1) to the gas-carrying part of the device (1), wherein at least one line section (21) of the pressure transmission line (20.1) is flexible.

19. Device according to claim 18, characterized in that the at least one flexible line section (21) of the pressure transmission line (20.2) is designed as a hose.

20. Device according to one of claims 18 to 19, characterized in that the at least one flexible line section (21) is constructed in several layers and in particular has an internal gas-tight, first Hose (21.1), such as a corrugated hose, and an outer protective hose (21.2), such as a braided hose, surrounding the inner gas-tight, first hose.

21. Device according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the device (1) comprises at least one storage container (34, 35) which is connected via a supply line (32, 33) to the at least one inlet device (4, 5) of the explosion generator (2) for the purpose of introducing at least one gaseous substance from the at least one storage container (34, 35) into the explosion chamber (3) of the explosion generator (2).

22. Device according to claim 21, characterized in that the at least one supply line (32, 33) is designed as a multi-layer hose and contains an internal, gas-tight first hose (32.1, 33.1) and an external second protective hose (32.2, 33.2), in particular a braided hose, surrounding the internal first hose (32.1, 33.1).

23. Device according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the device (1) is designed to introduce explosive gas mixture into the interior (51) of the container or the system (50) and to form a cloud (70) from the explosive gas mixture in the interior (1) of the container or the system (50).

24. System (50) with an interior space (51) and at least one wall (54) and with a device (1) comprising an explosion generator (2) according to claims 1 to 23, which is permanently installed on the system (50), in particular on a wall (54) of the system (50).

25. A method for removing deposits in interior spaces (51) of containers and installations (50) by means of explosion technology using a device (1) according to claims 1 to 23, comprising the following steps: - introducing at least one gaseous substance into the explosion chamber (3); - Providing an explosive gas mixture of the at least one gaseous substance in the explosion chamber (3); - controlled ignition of the explosive gas mixture in the explosion chamber (3) by means of the ignition device (6), whereby the explosive gas mixture is caused to explode.

26. Method according to claim 25, characterized in that the at least one outlet opening (7.1) is open to the outside during the introduction of the at least one gaseous substance and during the ignition and explosion of the explosive gas mixture.

27. Method according to one of claims 25 to 26, characterized in that a part of the explosive gas mixture provided in the explosion chamber (3) flows via the at least one outlet opening (7.1) into the interior (51) of the container or system (50), and a cloud (70) of the explosive gas mixture is formed in the interior (51).

28. Method according to one of claims 25 to 27, characterized in that the total volume of explosive gas mixture consisting of the explosive gas mixture in the explosion chamber (3) and optionally the cloud (70) is provided or generated in the explosion chamber and is caused to explode in a controlled manner in a period of 1 second or less, preferably 0.5 seconds or less, in particular 0.1 seconds or less.

29. Method according to one of claims 25 to 28, characterized in that at least two gaseous substances are introduced into the explosion generator (2), and a mixing zone (11) is formed in the explosion chamber (3), in which the gaseous substances are mixed to form the explosive gas mixture.

30. Method according to one of claims 25 to 29, characterized in that during the introduction of the at least one gaseous substance until the ignition of the explosive gas mixture in the explosion chamber (3) a maximum gas overpressure of 100 kPa (1 bar), in particular of 50 kPa (0.5 bar), very particularly of 20 kPa (0.2 bar) is built up.

31. Method according to one of claims 25 to 30, characterized in that with the ignition of the explosive gas mixture in the explosion chamber (3), in particular in the mixing zone (11), an explosion pressure wave moving in the direction of the at least one outlet opening (7.1) is generated, which causes the expulsion of explosive gas mixture through the at least one outlet opening (7.1), and thus a cloud of explosive gas mixture is formed or fully formed.

32. Method according to one of claims 25 to 31, characterized in that the explosive gas mixture is ignited in the mixing zone (11).

33. Method according to one of claims 25 to 32, characterized in that the explosion occurs by a detonation of the explosive gas mixture, which propagates at supersonic speed and is coupled to a compression shock.

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