Offshore noise protection system and method for operating the noise protection system

Abstract

Offshore noise protection system comprising at least one noise protection platform formed for at least partial circumferential enclosure of a foundation structure, at least one transport platform formed for the floating transport of the noise protection platform, and at least one fastening means formed for detachably connecting the noise protection platform to the transport platform, wherein noise protection devices are attached to the noise protection platform.

Description

[0001] The subject matter concerns an offshore noise abatement system. It further concerns a method for operating an offshore noise abatement system. These systems serve, in particular, to reduce noise emissions during the driving of foundations in offshore areas, especially monopiles or jackets, for offshore wind turbines.

[0002] During the construction of such installations, large steel piles (monopiles) or jackets are driven into the seabed to provide the wind turbine with the necessary stability against wind and waves. The pile driving process is associated with significant noise emissions, which are transmitted both above and through the water to the seabed and the surrounding environment. This article focuses on underwater noise emissions, specifically noise mitigation measures for underwater noise. These noise emissions can have significant negative impacts on marine fauna, particularly marine mammals such as whales and dolphins. Therefore, to comply with ecological requirements and international conservation guidelines, it is necessary to develop technologies that effectively reduce noise emissions during the pile driving process.

[0003] Known technologies for noise reduction during the pile driving process include bubble curtain systems, hydro silencers, resonators, as well as the use of damping dams and sound-reduced pile driving / vibration methods.

[0004] The use of bubble curtain systems is a well-established technology for reducing underwater noise emissions during pile driving. In these systems, air in the form of fine bubbles is introduced into the water through a perforated hose laid in a ring around the pile driving site on the seabed. These rising air bubbles form a closed or semi-closed layer of bubbles around the piles being driven. Bubble curtain systems thus create a barrier by introducing air bubbles, which dampens sound and reduces its propagation underwater. The bubble layer absorbs, reflects, and / or scatters the sound as it travels through the water. This leads to a reduction in sound intensity and consequently to a reduced noise burden for the marine environment outside the ring-shaped bubble layer.

[0005] However, the bubble curtain method has significant disadvantages. One of the main drawbacks is the complexity and effort required for the installation and operation of a bubble curtain system. Installation requires the use of specialized vessels and equipment, as well as the precise placement of the perforated hose, which can lead to considerable logistical challenges and high operating costs.

[0006] The use of damping jackets represents another technology for reducing underwater noise during the driving of offshore foundations. Damping jackets typically consist of flexible, sound-absorbing materials that are applied around the pile being driven in the form of a cylindrical jacket. These jackets act as a physical barrier, intercepting, absorbing, and scattering sound waves directly at their point of origin. The interior of the cofferdam is partially filled with air. This air layer reduces sound propagation in the water, as the sound waves are refracted and reflected at the air-water interface. The noise level in the water is reduced before it can spread into the surrounding area. The damping jacket envelops part of the monopile up to the water's surface. If necessary, the damping jacket can extend all the way to the seabed.

[0007] However, the use of cofferdams also has significant disadvantages. A major drawback is that the cofferdam must be constructed and sealed directly at the installation site of the pile to be driven, which requires a considerable investment of time and resources. Due to the cofferdam's large and heavy construction, installation is complex and must take place underwater, necessitating specialized equipment and qualified personnel. Particularly under harsh weather conditions or heavy waves, the construction and operation of the cofferdam can be challenging and dangerous.

[0008] Furthermore, the cofferdam must be dismantled after the driving process is complete and, if necessary, transported for use at other locations. This leads to further logistical and scheduling challenges. The cofferdam's structure and material are also subjected to high mechanical stresses and potential damage during the driving process, which can increase maintenance and repair costs.

[0009] Another disadvantage is that damping jackets must be carried on the vessel transporting the monopile. This results in additional space and weight requirements on vessels already designed for transporting large and heavy components. Storing and transporting the jackets requires special precautions to prevent damage and ensure the materials' functionality. Furthermore, the necessary equipment for attaching and fitting the jacket to the monopile can extend the installation time and thus increase the overall duration of the offshore project.

[0010] The objective of this project was therefore to provide improved methods and devices for noise reduction that reduce the disadvantages of direct installation and increased logistical effort without compromising the effectiveness of noise reduction.

[0011] Furthermore, it has been recognized that the overall noise pollution increases with the increasing size of new offshore wind farms. The present solution aims to create an additional noise reduction measure.

[0012] The aforementioned task is solved in this case by an offshore noise protection system comprising at least one noise protection platform formed to at least partially enclose a foundation structure, at least one transport platform formed for the floating transport of the noise protection platform, and at least one fastening means formed for the detachable connection of the noise protection platform to the transport platform, wherein noise protection devices are attached to the noise protection platform.

[0013] With the aid of this noise barrier system, it is possible to move a noise protection platform to an offshore platform as needed. The noise barrier platform can be temporarily erected and operated within the area of ​​an offshore construction site, and then transported to another construction site after the pile driving work is completed. This noise barrier system is characterized by its autonomous mobility via a transport platform. This means that the noise barrier platform can be moved at sea by the transport platform and, for example, transported from a port to an offshore construction site.

[0014] The foundation structure is preferably a pile, monopile, tripod, jacket, or the like, which is driven into the seabed. Other foundation structures driven into the seabed are also included. Preferably, the foundation structure is one that is driven into the seabed by driving or vibration. When a construction site is mentioned below, this can refer to the area around the foundation structure to be installed. This area has a radius of between 10 m and 100 m, preferably between 10 m and 30 m, around the foundation structure. The device is suitable for all foundation methods that generate noise during installation, whether by driving, vibration, or other means.

[0015] A noise barrier is attached to the noise protection platform. The noise barrier can be designed to form a bubble curtain or a cofferdam. It can be constructed from elements known for these purposes, but is physically mobile, flexible, and modular due to its connection between the noise barrier platform and the transport platform. The noise barrier platform can be detachably attached to the transport platform. A noise barrier can also be detachably attached to the noise barrier platform.

[0016] After the noise barrier platform has been transported to its installation site, it can be detached from the transport platform. Alternatively, the noise barrier platform can be lowered underwater to the seabed. The noise-reducing elements attached to the platform can then be activated, for example, to form a bubble curtain. The noise-reducing elements can also be arranged around the construction site in the manner of a cofferdam, for example, with a curtain as described below, in particular made of a waterborne sound-absorbing material, especially a porous one. The curtain or bubble curtain can extend from the seabed to the water's surface, thus dampening the underwater sound.

[0017] The transport platform is a floating, preferably self-propelled structure, preferably of a modular design. The transport platform preferably has a support structure to which the noise barrier platform can be attached. Furthermore, the transport platform may have one or more hollow bodies (floats) for stabilization and maintaining buoyancy on the water. These hollow bodies may be designed to be ballasted in order to adjust the height of the transport platform depending on the cargo requirements and water conditions.

[0018] The noise barrier platform can also be designed as a floating, preferably modular, platform. As described below, the noise barrier platform can be lowered to the seabed and then float back up.

[0019] The transport platform is not a conventional ship, but a specialized transport structure. Therefore, its operating costs are lower than those of conventional ships (e.g., for the hull and machinery). The transport platform's autonomy reduces the need for large crews, further lowering personnel and logistics costs.

[0020] The transport platform can be equipped with a propulsion system, in particular a hybrid propulsion system. The propulsion system can include one or more electric motors. An energy storage system carried on the transport platform can be connected to the propulsion system. The energy storage system can consist of batteries and / or fuel cells. Additionally or alternatively, the propulsion system can be powered by one or more generators, in particular diesel-powered generators, which can be used as a backup power source in an emergency. The use of a propulsion system with electric motors and an optional diesel generator reduces fuel consumption and thus CO₂ emissions, meeting the environmental requirements of modern offshore projects.In addition, the transport platform can be powered by renewable energy sources such as solar modules or wind turbines on the transport platform, which can further increase autonomy and environmental friendliness.

[0021] The transport platform can be equipped with a navigation system, in particular a GPS, GLONASS, or Galileo navigation system. This navigation system allows the noise barrier system to be safely and efficiently transported from a port to an offshore construction site and enables precise positioning of the noise barrier system relative to the component being driven into the ground. Thanks to the navigation system, the transport platform can navigate efficiently between the port and the offshore construction site. This feature minimizes human error and increases safety, as it allows for precise positioning in challenging offshore locations. Even in adverse weather conditions or heavily trafficked waters, the navigation system also provides safety mechanisms to prevent collisions or dangerous maneuvers.

[0022] The aforementioned task is further solved by a method for operating such an offshore noise protection system, in which the transport platform is detachably coupled to the noise protection platform by means of the fastening means, the transport platform is then navigated together with the noise protection platform over water to an installation site, the fastening means are released and the transport platform is decoupled from the noise protection platform, the basic framework is sunk to the seabed and finally the noise protection means are activated.

[0023] The subject matter also includes an offshore noise protection system with at least one noise protection platform designed to at least partially enclose a foundation structure, with noise-reducing devices attached to the noise protection platform. The description of the noise-reducing devices and the noise protection platform also applies to this alternative. A transport platform may be omitted. All statements made here apply accordingly. A transport platform may be provided as an alternative.

[0024] The following describes various embodiments of the offshore noise abatement system and the method for operating the offshore noise abatement system, with each embodiment applying independently to the offshore noise abatement system and the method. Furthermore, the individual embodiments can be combined with one another as desired.

[0025] In one embodiment, it is proposed that the noise protection platform has at least one coupling element which is designed to detachably connect the noise protection platform to at least one further coupling element of a further noise protection platform.

[0026] The coupling element is designed to connect two or more noise barrier platforms. It enables a secure and stable connection between multiple platforms. Using this element, two or more noise barrier platforms can be linked to form a noise barrier system. It can also be used to connect two or more platforms at the installation site, such as a construction site. Multiple noise barrier platforms can then be positioned, at least partially, around the construction site or the foundation structure being driven, thus covering a larger area around the site.

[0027] The coupling element is preferably designed to withstand dynamic forces that can arise from wave motion, currents, etc. Furthermore, it allows for easy and quick assembly and disassembly of the noise barrier platforms, thus facilitating their use in changing environments.

[0028] The coupling element may include a mechanical locking unit. Connecting arms, preferably made of steel, particularly a corrosion-resistant alloy, may be provided. A coupling element may be pivotally attached to one or both ends of the noise barrier platforms. Coupling elements may include bolts and complementary bushings. Coupling elements, especially the bolts or connecting arms, may be designed to lock automatically, for example, when they engage in the bushings.

[0029] In addition to the mechanical locking mechanism, an additional safety device may be provided. This safety device may consist of ropes, tension cables, and / or chains. The coupling elements may also be made of ropes, tension cables, and / or chains.

[0030] Two coupling elements can be complementary to each other. They can then be attached at any point on the noise barrier platforms to connect multiple platforms in various configurations. This allows for both linear connections (coupling noise barrier platforms side by side) and parallel arrangements (one behind the other), depending on the specific noise protection requirements. Coupling can also be achieved by connecting two or more noise barrier platforms within an angled section around the construction site. This angled section can range from 5° to 360°. The coupling can be performed while the noise barrier platforms are floating or submerged.

[0031] In one embodiment, it is proposed that at least two coupling elements can be connected to each other by means of a positive fit, in particular by screwing, toothing, or locking, or that at least two coupling elements can be connected to each other by means of a frictional fit, in particular by a magnetic or electromagnetic connection. These connections ensure a stable, reliable, and releasable connection both during transport and in stationary operation. For example, it is possible for two noise barrier platforms to be coupled to each other, and for at least one of these noise barrier platforms to be connected to a transport platform. Thus, one transport platform can be used to transport at least two noise barrier platforms.

[0032] A positive-locking connection is characterized by interlocking structures that are joined together. The coupling elements can be provided with bores through which screws or bolts are inserted. These mechanically fix the coupling elements to one another. The coupling elements can also be provided with interlocking teeth.

[0033] In contrast to a positive-locking connection, a force-locking connection, based on the transmission of forces, can also be formed between the coupling elements. Each coupling element can be equipped with a permanent magnet or, preferably, an electromagnet. The magnets can be coupled to each other. Particularly when using electromagnets, the coupling can be closed or released by switching current on or off. This is especially suitable for temporary or flexible applications.

[0034] In one embodiment, it is proposed that the noise barrier platform has a mechanically dimensionally stable base frame (which can also be referred to as a scaffold) that gives the platform its shape, wherein the base frame is curved or straight in its longitudinal extent. The noise barrier can be arranged on the base frame. The base frame can be equipped with a floating body. The base frame can be dimensionally stable, in particular not plastically deformable due to its weight. The base frame has a straight or curved shape. If two or more base frames are connected to each other via the connecting elements, these can serve as supports for the noise barriers, which are erected around the perimeter of the construction site. The noise barrier platform can be formed from at least the base frame and the noise barriers.

[0035] In one embodiment, it is proposed that the noise-reducing elements are attached to the base frame along its longitudinal extent. As already explained, the base frame forms the structural framework of the noise-reducing platform and thus of the noise-reducing elements. The noise-reducing elements are attached to the base frame. The base frame can define the dimensions of the noise-reducing elements. The noise-reducing elements can be flexible, and in particular, not dimensionally stable.

[0036] In one embodiment, it is proposed that the coupling element is arranged on the base frame. The coupling elements can be arranged on the base frame so that the base frames can be fixed to one another. The noise barriers can then be activated. Because they are attached to the base frame along its longitudinal extent, the longitudinal extent of the base frame also determines the longitudinal extent of the noise barriers. The adjacent base frames can be arranged overlapping in an angled section around the construction site, so that the noise barriers also overlap. This ensures completely closed noise protection within this angled section. The angled section can be between 5° and 360°. The overlap can encompass an angled section of 0.5° to 2°.

[0037] In one embodiment, it is proposed that the base frame and / or the transport platform has a float. Alternatively or cumulatively, it is proposed that a valve arranged on the float controls a gas flow into and out of the float. As already explained, the noise abatement platform, in particular its base frame, can be equipped with a float. This float allows the noise abatement platform to be regulated to rise or sink. The noise abatement platform can include the base frame and the noise abatement components. After transport to the installation site, the noise abatement platform can be lowered to the seabed. For this purpose, gas is released from the float. Thus, there is no longer sufficient buoyancy for the noise abatement platform. After completion of the work, the float can be filled with gas so that the noise abatement platform floats again and, if necessary,can be transported to another location. When gas is mentioned here and subsequently, this can refer to a gas mixture, e.g., air. It can also refer to a pure gas. The gas can originate from a gas storage facility. The gas, especially air, can be supplied via a compressor.

[0038] The same applies to the float on the transport platform. As explained earlier, the position of the transport platform in the water can be regulated by adjusting the gas pressure in the float.

[0039] The floating body can be designed as a hollow, watertight structure. The floating body on the transport platform can be designed to generate sufficient buoyancy to support the weight of the transport platform and at least one associated noise abatement platform. The floating body on the noise abatement platform can be designed to generate sufficient buoyancy to support the weight of the base frame and the noise abatement elements.

[0040] The float can be made of plastic, composite material, or metal. The float material can be resistant to corrosion and mechanical stress. It can be constructed from materials that are particularly resistant to offshore conditions, such as saltwater, UV radiation, and mechanical stresses from waves and currents. Commonly used materials include plastics (e.g., polyethylene), fiber-reinforced composites, or corrosion-resistant steel alloys.

[0041] The float can be mounted below the transport / noise abatement platform or to the side of it as an outrigger. The float can be constructed in several segments that can be extended or reduced as needed to individually adjust the buoyancy to the platform's requirements.

[0042] To increase structural stability, the float can be equipped with internal stiffeners or reinforcements. These ensure that the float remains stable even under high pressure or mechanical loads.

[0043] The float can be equipped with variable ballast via the valve, allowing gas to be pumped into or released from the float's interior. This enables the immersion depth and buoyancy of the transport / noise abatement platform to be adjusted to the specific load and environmental conditions.

[0044] Ballasting can be controlled by a system that uses sensors to monitor the load distribution and balance of the transport / noise abatement platform and pumps gas into or out of the float as needed. The transport / noise abatement platform can also be tared by filling or releasing gas into / out of a float.

[0045] In one embodiment, it is proposed that the base structure have at least one ballast weight to cause it to sink below the water's surface. To ensure that the noise barrier platform sinks to the seabed, it is proposed that a ballast weight be attached to the base structure.

[0046] The ballast weight can be designed as variable ballast. Water can be pumped or drained into internal chambers within a flexible bladder, which can be constructed similarly to the float (the explanations regarding this apply accordingly). This allows the immersion depth and buoyancy of the noise barrier platform to be precisely adjusted to the respective load and environmental conditions.

[0047] The ballast can be controlled by a system that uses sensors to monitor the load distribution and balance of the base frame and pumps gas into or out of the float as needed. The base frame can also be buoyed by filling or emptying the bladder with water.

[0048] In one embodiment, it is proposed that the noise-reducing means are designed to form a bubble curtain, in particular that the noise-reducing means are tubular with outlet openings.

[0049] The noise-reducing device can be tubular, in particular made of a flexible hose, which is laid over the base structure on the seabed and, if necessary, fixed there. The noise-reducing device can be provided with a multitude of holes or nozzles through which pressurized gas is expelled, preferably continuously. This gas flows through the holes or nozzles into the water and forms rising air bubbles that dampen and reflect the sound. The noise-reducing device can be equipped with many small holes or nozzles along its length, which ensure a uniform release of the gas. These holes are preferably dimensioned to allow continuous bubble formation in order to create a homogeneous bubble curtain.

[0050] The material used for noise reduction devices can be rubber or plastic, resistant to corrosion, saltwater, and mechanical stress from waves and currents. The material can be flexible enough to conform to the uneven seabed.

[0051] The noise-reducing devices can be connected via preferably flexible gas lines to a gas source at the water's surface, e.g., a compressor on a supply vessel or platform. The compressor generates a constant flow of gas, which is conveyed through the hose to the nozzles.

[0052] The gas supply can be controlled by valves or pressure regulators to ensure that the bubble curtain functions optimally under different conditions - e.g., changing water pressure or flow conditions.

[0053] The noise barriers can be laid on the seabed via the base frame. The base frame can be secured with weights or anchors to ensure that the noise barrier platform remains stable in place, even in strong currents. This anchoring prevents the noise barriers from shifting or deforming.

[0054] The hose is typically arranged in a semi-circular, circular, or semi-oval shape around the construction site, such as around the foundation structure of an offshore wind turbine. Once pressurized gas is introduced into the hose, the gas escapes continuously through the nozzles as small bubbles into the water. These bubbles rise to the water's surface, forming a continuous "bubble wall" around the construction site. The bubbles act as an acoustic barrier by scattering, absorbing, and reflecting the sound waves generated in the water by the pile driving process. The rising air bubbles in the bubble curtain cause the sound waves to refract. This results in the sound energy being spread over a larger area and its intensity being reduced. Some of the sound energy is directly absorbed by the air bubbles.Since sound propagation in air is significantly lower than in water, the bubbles offer an effective way to dampen the sound energy.

[0055] According to one embodiment, at least two noise barrier platforms can be arranged one behind the other at at least two different radii around the construction site within the same angular range. This makes it possible to create a multi-layered bubble curtain. This enhances sound absorption and increases effectiveness during particularly noisy pile-driving processes.

[0056] According to one embodiment, it is proposed that the noise-reducing devices have a connection valve that can be connected to an external gas source. The external gas source can be a compressor. The compressor can be located, for example, directly on the transport platform as part of the noise-reducing system. The compressor can also be located on a supply vessel. Alternatively, the compressor can be installed on a platform, such as a platform of an offshore installation that has already been founded. The volumetric flow rate of the gas from the gas source to the noise-reducing device can be controlled via the valve. The valve can be controlled automatically. In particular, a sensor can measure the bubble density at a specific water depth, and the valve can be controlled accordingly. A sound sensor can also measure the underwater sound pressure level measured by the pile driving process and control the valve accordingly.The valve can also be controlled remotely. It is preferably located above the water surface. The valve can be a ball valve.

[0057] According to one embodiment, it is proposed that the noise protection device has a curtain made of a solid material, wherein the material of the curtain has a lower density than seawater at 20°C, so that the curtain can float from the base structure towards the water surface.

[0058] The curtain can be designed like a cofferdam. It can be made of a material that floats on water, thus forming a flexible, floating barrier. The floating curtain can be made of a material or combination of materials that have a lower density than water at 20°C and float on the water, while remaining sufficiently stable and resistant to withstand mechanical stresses from currents and waves. The curtain can be flexible and will be designed to remain essentially vertical in the water, with its upper edge at the water's surface and its lower edge on the seabed.

[0059] The curtain can be made of synthetic foams, such as expanded polyethylene (EPE) or polyurethane (PU foam), which offer high buoyancy. These materials have a low density and are resistant to saltwater, UV radiation, and mechanical abrasion. Alternatively, composite materials with a waterproof outer shell and a floating core can be used. The outer shell provides additional strength and protects the curtain from external influences, while the core provides buoyancy.

[0060] In another embodiment, the curtain can be multi-layered, with an outer layer providing rigidity and an inner layer, for example made of gas-filled chambers or lightweight foam, ensuring buoyancy. This combination offers both buoyancy and stability. As previously described for the Bubble Curtain, the chambers can also be filled with gas. The curtain's buoyancy can be regulated by inflating or deflating the gas. During transport, the chambers can be empty, and the curtain can be compactly attached to the base frame. After the base frame has been lowered to the seabed and optionally secured there, the chambers can be filled with gas.

[0061] The curtain can be equipped with a special sound-absorbing layer that dampens the noise transmitted through the water. This layer could consist of porous materials or special acoustic pads that reflect or absorb the sound.

[0062] A float or buoyancy aid can be attached to the upper edge of the curtain. This ensures that the curtain floats on the water's surface and forms a vertical barrier. This float consists of hollow tubes or foam-filled cylinders that provide stability on the water's surface.

[0063] The curtain's flexible structure allows it to adapt to the water's movements. Anchored to the ground by its base frame, it remains in place, while buoyancy at the water's surface provides stability. This flexibility enables the curtain to maintain its position and function effectively even in rough seas or changing currents.

[0064] The curtain can be reused after construction is complete. To do this, the gas can be released from the chambers. The curtain can then be rolled up. In this state, the curtain can be fixed to the base frame. The base frame may have been raised to the ground before or after this process using variable ballast.

[0065] In one embodiment, it is proposed that the noise-reducing device comprises an inflatable hollow body, formed as a curtain, which can be filled with gas via the connection valve from an external gas source. As already explained, the curtain can have at least one chamber that can be filled with gas. This chamber can be the hollow body. As also described for the bubble curtain, gas can be used to fill the hollow body. The description regarding the gas supply applies accordingly.

[0066] In one embodiment, it is proposed that the base frame, in particular the base frame together with the ballast weight, exerts a greater downward force underwater than the upward force of the noise abatement device underwater, in particular the curtain, and especially the gas-filled hollow body of the curtain. The base frame can experience buoyancy via its float that is greater than the downward force of the noise abatement platform. After the gas is released from the float, the base frame can sink to the bottom. The base frame can be equipped with a ballast weight such that it, and the noise abatement devices attached to it, in particular the curtain or the tube, sink to the bottom. The ballast weight can be such that even with a gas-filled noise abatement device, the base frame remains on the bottom.The basic framework can also be mechanically anchored in or on the seabed using anchors, ropes, posts or the like, especially before the noise-reducing devices are filled with gas.

[0067] In one embodiment, it is proposed that the transport platform has a motorized, in particular electric, drive. The motorized drive can enable autonomous movement of the transport platform from a port or coastline to an offshore construction site. The transport platform can be equipped with one or more motors, in particular electric motors. The motors can be connected to propellers or waterjet drives.

[0068] An electric motor drive can be powered by a battery system integrated into the noise protection system. In a preferred embodiment, the transport platform can additionally be equipped with solar panels or wind turbines to recharge the batteries during operation.

[0069] The drive system is equipped with a control unit that enables navigation of the transport platform. The control unit can be operated manually or remotely.

[0070] In another embodiment, the transport platform can be equipped with navigation systems that enable journeys to predetermined destinations.

[0071] In one embodiment, it is proposed that the transport platform with its propulsion system be designed as a floating drone and be navigable by remote control. The drone can be an unmanned watercraft. It can be equipped with cameras and / or sensors to enable navigation to the offshore construction site and to monitor the placement of the noise barrier platform. A drone can operate autonomously, controlled by GPS and an onboard computer. Alternatively, a drone can be remotely controlled and operated manually.

[0072] In one embodiment, it is proposed that a plurality of noise barrier platforms are connected to one another by means of their coupling elements and arranged at least in an arc around an offshore foundation structure. To enable noise protection over a larger angular area around the construction site, two or more noise barrier platforms can be coupled together in the manner described. It is then possible to arrange the noise barrier platforms side by side in an arc around the construction site.

[0073] To lower the base frame, gas can be released from its buoyancy chamber. Once the transport platform has moved the noise barrier platform to its installation site, the platform can be detached from the transport platform. The noise barrier platform can then be lowered to the seabed. This is preferably done by releasing gas from the buoyancy chamber of the base frame and / or by filling chambers (flexible bladder) inside the base frame with water.

[0074] Once the pile driving process is complete and the foundation structure is in place, the noise barrier platform can float back up from the seabed. This is achieved by filling the floating body of the base structure with gas, allowing it to rise to the surface.

[0075] To activate the noise suppressant, the noise suppressant can be coupled to a gas source via the valve and a bubble curtain can be created using the gas, or the curtain can float from the base frame to a water surface using the gas, as described above.

[0076] Further features and advantages of the offshore noise protection system and the method will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments, with reference to the attached drawing.

[0077] The drawing shows Fig. 1 a schematic arrangement of offshore structures which can be founded by means of pile driving; Fig. 2 a schematic representation of a cofferdam and a bubble curtain; Fig. 3a a schematic representation of a basic framework of a noise barrier platform according to an embodiment; Fig. 3b a schematic representation of a noise barrier platform according to an embodiment with a basic framework according to Fig. 3a Fig. 4a, a schematic representation of a noise barrier platform according to an embodiment; Fig. 5, a schematic representation of a noise barrier platform with a transport platform according to an embodiment; Fig. 6a, a schematic representation of an installation of a noise barrier platform according to an embodiment; Fig. 7, a schematic representation of several noise barrier platforms arranged around a foundation structure according to an embodiment;

[0078] Fig. 1 Figure 1 shows three schematic foundation structures 2a, b, c. One of them is a monopile 2a on which a wind turbine 4 is installed. The monopile 2a is founded in the seabed 6.

[0079] Also shown is a tripod 2b, which can be used to support a wind turbine 4, but also, for example, to support an offshore platform, such as a transformer substation 8.

[0080] A jacket (not shown) can also be founded using piles. Pile 2c is also shown. Pile 2c is driven into the seabed 6 as a foundation structure using pile driver 10.

[0081] The pile driving process generates enormous sound pressure. To dampen this sound pressure, a rubber dam or a bubble curtain is used.

[0082] Fig. 2 Figure 1 schematically shows how a cofferdam 12 is placed around a pile 2c. The cofferdam lies at a distance of less than one meter to several meters around the pile and is made of solid material, e.g., steel.

[0083] In addition to the cofferdam 12, a bubble curtain can also be used. In this case, a hose 14 is laid at a distance of between 30m and 150m around the pile 2c. The hose 14 is pressurized with compressed air, and air bubbles 14a rise from the seabed 6 to the water surface.

[0084] As explained, both systems have the disadvantage that they cannot be used flexibly enough and present logistical challenges.

[0085] Fig. 3a Figure 1 shows a basic framework 20. The basic framework 20 can be formed from metallic struts or as a closed structure. Floats 22 can be arranged within or to the side of the basic framework 20. The floats 22 can be formed as flexible bladders and filled with compressed air. By changing the gas pressure and thus the gas volume, the buoyancy of the float 22 can be varied. A ballast weight can also be provided in addition to the float 22. One or more floats 22 can be connected to a valve 22b via a pipe 22a. The gas flow into and out of the floats 22 can be regulated via the valve 22b. A compressed air compressor (not shown), which is located, for example, on a ship or the transport platform discussed below, can be connected to the valve 22b, and air can be blown into the float 22 via this compressor.The term "pipe" in this context refers to both rigid pipes and flexible hoses.

[0086] One or more coupling elements 24 can be arranged on the base frame 20. The coupling elements 24 can be configured to be connected to each other in a form-fit and / or force-fit manner. Thus, several base frames 20 can be connected to each other. This can be done while the base frames 20 are still floating on the water surface and can subsequently be lowered to the seabed 6, or the coupling can take place while the base frames 20 are already resting on the seabed 6.

[0087] Fig. 3b Figure 1 shows another view of a basic frame 20. It can be seen that two hoses 26 are attached to the sides of the basic frame. These hoses 26 have holes 26a or nozzles along their length. The hoses 26 can be pressurized with compressed air via a valve 26b. The descriptions of the floats 22 apply accordingly. It can be seen that the hoses 26 are attached to the basic frame 20 along its length.

[0088] Fig 4a Figure 1 shows a side view of a basic frame 20 in its longitudinal extension. It can be seen that a folded curtain 28 is attached to one of the top surfaces of the basic frame 20. The curtain 28 is connected via a pipe 28a to a valve 28b, through which compressed air can be blown into the curtain 28, as described above. The curtain 28 contains air chambers which inflate when pressurized with air, causing the curtain 28 to unfold and float in the water. Fig. 4b shows the curtain 28 in inflated form. The curtain 28 preferably extends from the seabed 6 to the water surface.

[0089] Fig. 5 Figure 1 shows a noise protection system 40 with a noise protection platform 30 comprising the base frame 20 and the curtain 28 and / or the tube 26, and with a transport platform 32 connected to the noise protection platform 30. The transport platform 32 has a float 34, or ballast, by means of which the transport platform 32 can be buoyed in the water. A control unit 36 ​​is arranged inside the transport platform 32, by means of which the transport platform 32 can be controlled and the equipment provided therein can be monitored.

[0090] The transport platform 32 also has an energy storage unit 38, which can supply energy to the control unit and a drive unit 42. The transport platform 32 is connected to one or more noise barrier platforms via a detachable connection 42.

[0091] With the help of transport platform 32, as in Fig. 6a The image shows that the noise protection platform 30 is transported by floating to an installation site. Fig. 6a Figure 3 shows how the transport platform 32 navigated to a pile 2c to be driven. Once the transport platform has navigated to the destination, the connection 42 between transport platform 32 and noise barrier platform 20 can be disconnected. Valves 22b, 26b, and 28 can each be connected to an air compressor via pipes or hoses (not shown). Multiple base frames 20 of several noise barrier platforms can also be coupled together.

[0092] The basic frameworks can then be lowered into place. Fig. 6b Figure 1 shows how the basic structures 20 sank to the seabed 6. The basic structures can be ballasted or anchored to the seabed using suitable anchors. Then compressed air can be blown into the curtain 28 or into the hoses 26. The curtain rises, as shown in Figure 2. Fig. 6b shown and forms a kind of cofferdam. In the case of the use of hoses 26, a bubble curtain is formed, which rises from the seabed 6 to the water surface.

[0093] Fig. 7 Figure 3 shows several noise barrier platforms 30, which are connected to each other by means of coupling elements 24. The noise barrier platforms 30 have curved base frames and are arranged in an angled section β around the pile 2c. The coupled noise barrier platforms enclose the pile 2c in a larger angled section α. ​​As can be seen, the noise barrier platforms 30 overlap in an angled section δ, thus ensuring that noise protection is guaranteed in a closed angled section α around the pile 2c. Bezugszeichenliste

[0094] 2a Monopile 2c Pile 2b Tripod 4 Wind turbine 6 Seabed 8 Substation 10 Pile driver 12 Rubber dam 14 Hose 14a Air bubbles 20 Base frame 22 Floats 22a Pipeline 22b Valve 24 Coupling element 26 Hose 26a Holes 26b Valve 28 Curtain 28a Pipeline 28b Valve 30 Noise barrier platform 32 Transport platform 34 Floats 36 Control unit 38 Energy storage 40 Noise barrier system 42 Connection

Claims

1. Offshore noise protection system comprising: - at least one noise protection platform formed to at least partially enclose a foundation structure, - at least one transport platform formed for the floating transport of the noise protection platform, - at least one fastening means formed for the detachable connection of the noise protection platform to the transport platform, wherein: - noise protection devices are attached to the noise protection platform.

2. Offshore noise protection system according to claim 1, characterized by - that The noise protection platform has at least one coupling element that is designed to detachably connect the noise protection platform to at least one further coupling element of another noise protection platform.

3. Offshore noise protection system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by - thatat least two coupling elements can be connected to each other by means of a positive connection, in particular by screwing, toothing or locking, or that at least two coupling elements can be connected to each other by means of a force connection, in particular by a magnetic or electromagnetic connection.

4. Offshore noise protection system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by - that The noise protection platform has a mechanically dimensionally stable basic framework that gives the noise protection platform its shape, wherein the basic framework is arc-shaped or straight in its longitudinal extent.

5. Offshore noise protection system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by - that The noise protection device is attached to the basic framework along its longitudinal extent.

6. Offshore noise protection system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by - that the coupling element is arranged on the basic frame.

7. Offshore noise protection system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by - that the basic framework and / or the transport platform has a floating body, wherein a valve arranged on the floating body controls a gas volume flow into and out of the floating body.

8. Offshore noise protection system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by - that The basic structure must have at least some ballast weight to cause it to sink below the sea surface.

9. Offshore noise protection system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by - that the noise-reducing agents are designed to form a bubble curtain, in particular that the noise-reducing agents are tubular with outlet openings and / or - that The noise control devices have a connection valve that can be connected to an external gas source.

10. Offshore noise protection system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by - that The noise protection device has a curtain made of a solid material, the material of which has a lower density than seawater at 20°C, so that the curtain can float from the base structure towards the water surface.

11. Offshore noise protection system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by - that The noise protection devices have inflatable hollow bodies that are formed as a curtain and can be filled with gas via the connection valve through the external gas source.

12. Offshore noise protection system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by - thatThe basic framework, in particular the basic framework including the ballast weight underwater, causes a greater downward force than a buoyant force of the noise protection device underwater, in particular the curtain, in particular the gas-filled hollow body of the curtain.

13. Offshore noise protection system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by - that the transport platform has a motorized, in particular electric motor, drive and / or - that The transport platform with its propulsion system is designed as a floating drone and can be navigated by remote control.

14. Offshore noise protection system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by . that a plurality of noise protection platforms are connected to each other by means of their coupling elements and are arranged at least in an arc shape around an offshore foundation structure.

15. Method for operating an offshore noise protection system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein - the transport platform is detachably coupled to the noise protection platform by means of the fastening means, - the transport platform is then navigated together with the noise protection platform over water to an installation site, - the fastening means are released and the transport platform is decoupled from the noise protection platform, - the basic framework is sunk to the seabed and finally the noise protection means are activated.

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