Lipid compounds for gene delivery and use thereof
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- LI BOWEN
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-01
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-06
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Figure PCTCN2024102951-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2024102951-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2024102951-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
LIPID COMPOUNDS FOR GENE DELIVERY AND USE THEREOF
[0001] CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0002] This application claims the benefit of PCT Application PCT / CN2023 / 105072, filed June 30, 2023. The entire content of the foregoing application is incorporated herein by reference.FIELD
[0003] The present disclosure belongs to the field of gene loading and delivery and relates specifically to lipid compounds that can be used for gene delivery, preparation thereof and use thereof in gene delivery. The present disclosure also relates to lipid nanoparticles comprising the lipid compound, gene delivery compositions comprising the lipid compound or the lipid nanoparticles.BACKGROUND
[0004] A large number of different types of nucleic acids are currently being developed as therapeutic agents for the treatment of a wide range of diseases. These include DNA and mRNA in gene therapy, plasmid-based interfering nucleic acids, small interfering nucleic acids for RNA interference (RNAi) , including siRNA, miRNA, antisense molecules, nucleases and aptamers.
[0005] Effective nucleic acid drug delivery requires the intracellular delivery of therapeutic nucleic acid molecules to the target cells. In living organisms, naked nucleic acid molecules are broken down and removed by a large number of nucleases. Furthermore, due to the naturally negative electrical properties of nucleic acid molecules, it is difficult for them to directly penetrate negatively charged cell membranes and therefore special delivery systems are required to protect the nucleic acid molecules and facilitate their entry into the target cells. Lipid nanoparticles are currently the most effective form of carrier for nucleic acid drug delivery and have been validated in a number of marketed drugs, including the Covid-19 mRNA vaccine. Classical lipid nanoparticles are formed by encapsulation of nucleic acid molecules by four kinds of lipids such as ionizable lipids, cholesterol, neutral phospholipids and polyethylene glycol (PEG) lipids, wherein the ionizable lipid determines the efficiency of the lipid nanoparticles in delivering nucleic acid molecules in vitro and in vivo. The delivery of therapeutic nucleic acid molecules to the target is important for their therapeutic efficacy and this can often be hampered by the limited ability of ionizable lipids to reach the targeted cells and tissues. By expanding and optimizing the structure of the ionizable lipids is essential for access to the tissue cells targeted. The present disclosure relates to novel ionizable lipids that facilitate the targeted intracellular delivery of biologically active molecules.
[0006] Examples of biologically active molecules for which effective targeting of patient tissues is often not achieved include (1) a wide range of proteins, including immunoglobulins; (2) polynucleotides, such as genomic DNA, cDNA or mRNA; (3) antisense polynucleotides; and (4) many small molecular weight compounds, whether synthetic or naturally occurring, such as peptide hormones and antibiotics.
[0007] One of the fundamental challenges that medical practitioners are now facing is the large number of different types of nucleic acids that are currently being developed as therapeutic agents for the treatment of a wide range of diseases. These include DNA in gene therapy, plasmid-based small interfering nucleic acids (iRNA) for RNA interference (RNAi) , antisense molecules, nucleases, antagomir, microRNAs and aptamers. With the development of these nucleic acids, there is a widespread need to produce lipid formulations that are easy to prepare and can be easily delivered to target tissues.
[0008] Despite advancements in developing new ionizable lipids that improve mRNA loading and delivery, significant challenges persist in designing new lipid structures. Traditional ionizable lipid synthesis is marked by a series of complex steps, including chemical protection and deprotection, catalyst use and removal, solvent exchange, and complicated purification processes. These time-consuming procedures necessitate customization for each synthetic reaction, limiting throughput and constraining the exploration of new lipid structures.
[0009] Combinatorial chemistry is particularly valuable in the development of ionizable lipids by facilitating the creation of extensive libraries through systematic combinations of multiple building blocks. This approach allows researchers to quickly and efficiently generate diverse libraries of ionizable lipid structures, which can then be screened for their capacity to encapsulate and effectively deliver mRNA to target cells. Through this high-throughput approach, the potential for discovering more efficient and less toxic ionizable lipids is vastly increased. However, the currently available methods using combinatorial chemistry are often limited in the structural diversity of the ionizable lipids they produce due to the two-dimensional nature of the reactions they employ.
[0010] Combinatorial chemistry using multi-component reactions (MCR) is an effective strategy in the prior art for the high-throughput synthesis of ionizable lipids, notable examples include Ugi-based three-component reaction (3CR) , which allow for the rapid generation of combinatorial libraries of ionizable lipids within 24 hours at room temperature, thereby increasing the speed and diversity of lipid production due to its three-dimensional capabilities. However, integrating biodegradable bonds into lipid structures requires the customized synthesis of biodegradable lipid tails as building blocks for the Ugi-based 3CR, adding significant time and effort. Additionally, this approach often results in inconsistent and low yields, complicating high-throughput screening processes. While a recent work improved the yield of this platform through the incorporation of a non-toxic catalyst, there remains a critical need for a facile, catalyst-free MCR platform capable of rapidly synthesizing biodegradable and diverse lipids with high yields. Identifying suitable MCRs beyond the Ugi reaction that fulfill the complex requirements for constructing ionizable lipid structures continues to be a significant challenge in combinatorial chemistry.SUMMARY
[0011] To solve the problems in the prior art, it is an object of the present disclosure to provide a lipid compound and a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) comprising the same, and a modular platform utilizing the Passerini reaction to rapidly generate large, chemically diverse libraries of biodegradable ionizable lipids.
[0012] According to the technical solutions of the present disclosure, a novel modular system for the synthesis of ionizable lipids using the catalyst-free P-3CR method is provided. The method is based on three key components: an ionizable amine-containing head group and two tails, which can be combined to create ionizable lipids under mild conditions to achieve high yields, diversity, efficiency and biodegradability, which has an advantage of streamlining the synthesis of ionizable lipids. A series of ionizable lipid compounds containing various topologies can be produced in higher throughput based on the classical Passerini three-component reaction and its variants, and the ionizable lipid compounds produced by the present disclosure have an asymmetric hydrophobic long chain structure with a more flexible molecular structure, which allows better binding to the target cell membrane, thus enabling efficient intracellular delivery of nucleic acids to different target cells. This allows for efficient intracellular delivery of nucleic acids to different target cells. The LNPs prepared from these lipid compounds have different particle sizes and the efficiency of delivery of nucleic acid molecules has a tendency to be different for different cell types. The lipid compound of the present disclosure features an α-acyl amide bind, enhancing physiological biodegradability and reducing potential adverse reactions, making them suitable for multi-dose regimens.
[0013] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a lipid compound of Formula (I) :
[0014] or an N-oxide, stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
[0015] RI, RII and RIII are each independently selected from (A) a collection of groups comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety, (B) a collection of optionally substituted C6-C25 aliphatic groups and optionally substituted 6-to 25-membered heteroaliphatic groups.
[0016] A lipid compound of Formula (I’) :
[0017] or an N-oxide, stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
[0018] RI, RII and RIII are each independently selected from (A) a collection of groups comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety, (B) a collection of optionally substituted C6-C25 aliphatic groups and optionally substituted 6-to 25-membered heteroaliphatic groups, and
[0019] RII’ is hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl, for example C1-C4 alkyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl.
[0020] In some embodiments, one or two of RI, RII and RIII is selected from (A) a collection of groups comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety.
[0021] In some embodiments, only one of RI, RII and RIII is selected from (A) a collection of groups comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety.
[0022] In some embodiments, the group comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety of the collection (A) has a carbon atom number of 3 to 11 and represented by Formula (Ia) :
[0023] wherein RIa is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkylene, which alkylene is optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from -oxo (=O) , -OH, -SH or -NRIdRId', where RId and RId' are each independently hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl; RIb and RIc are each independently optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C2-C6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-C6 alkynyl, which alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl are optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from -oxo (=O) , -OH, -SH or -NRIeRIe', where RIe and RIe' are each independently hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl, or RIb and RIc together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 5-to 12-membered heterocycle comprising 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, at least one of the heteroatoms is N, which heterocycle is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-C6 alkyl, -NO2 and -OH.
[0024] In some embodiments, RIb and RIc together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 5-12-membered heterocyclic ring, which may be a monocyclic ring, a dense bicyclic ring, a spirocyclic bicyclic ring or a bridging bicyclic ring, etc. In some embodiments, RIb and RIc together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 5-, 6-, 7-or 8-membered monocyclic heterocycle comprising 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O, S, wherein at least one of the heteroatoms is N. In some embodiments, non-limiting embodiments of heterocycles formed by RIb and RIc together with the N atom to which they are attached include, but are not limited to, the group consisting of:
[0025] In some embodiments, the group comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety of the collection (A) has a carbon atom number of 3 to 11 and represented by Formula (Ia’) :
[0026] wherein Ar is optionally substituted C6-C10 arylene, for example , phenylidene, which arylene is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 substituents independently selected from halo, C1-C6 alkyl, -OH, -SH or -NRId” RId”', where RId” and RId”' are each independently hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl; RIb' and RIc' are each independently optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C2-C6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-C6 alkynyl, which alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl are optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from -oxo (=O) , -OH, -SH or -NRIe”RIe”', where RIe” and RIe"' are each independently hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl, or RIb' and RIc' together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 5-to 12-membered heterocycle comprising 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, at least one of the heteroatoms is N, which heterocycle is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-C6 alkyl, -NO2 and -OH.
[0027] In some embodiments, RIb' and RIc' together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 5-12-membered heterocyclic ring, which may be a monocyclic ring, a dense bicyclic ring, a spirocyclic bicyclic ring or a bridging bicyclic ring, etc. In some embodiments, RIb' and RIc' together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 5-, 6-, 7-or 8-membered monocyclic heterocycle comprising 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O, S, wherein at least one of the heteroatoms is N. In some embodiments, non-limiting embodiments of heterocycles formed by RIb' and RIc' together with the N atom to which they are attached include, but are not limited to, the group consisting of:
[0028] In some embodiments, the group comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety of the collection (A) is a 5-to 12-membered heterocyclyl comprising 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, at least one of the heteroatoms is N, which heterocycle is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-C6 alkyl, -NO2 and -OH. The 5-12-membered heterocyclyl is saturated or unsaturated, and may be a monocyclic ring, a dense bicyclic ring, a spirocyclic bicyclic ring or a bridging bicyclic ring, etc.
[0029] In some embodiments, the collection (A) comprises the following groups comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety:
[0030] In some embodiments, the collection (A) comprises the following groups comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety:
[0031] In some embodiments, the collection (A) comprises the following groups comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety:
[0032] In some embodiments, the collection (B) comprises optionally substituted C6-C25 aliphatic groups and optionally substituted 6-to 25-membered heteroaliphatic groups, which aliphatic groups and heteroaliphatic groups are optionally comprise 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12 groups independently selected from -C=C-, -C≡C-, -NRm-, -NH-, -NH2, -OH, -ORn, -O-, -C (O) -, -C (ORo) -, -C (O) O-, -SH, -SRp, -S-, -C (S) -, -C (SRq) -, -C (S) O-, and -P (O) -groups, where Rm, Rn, Ro, Rp, and Rq are each independently optionally substituted C1-C14 aliphatic group.
[0033] In some embodiments, the collection (B) comprises the following groups:
[0034] In some embodiments, the collection (B) comprises the following groups:
[0035] In some embodiments, RI is selected from the collection (A) , and RII and RIII are selected from the collection (B) , where RII and RIII can be the same or different.
[0036] In some embodiments, RII is selected from the collection (A) , and RI and RIII are selected from the collection (B) ; where RI and RIII can be the same or different.
[0037] In some embodiments, RIII is selected from the collection (A) , and RI and RII are selected from the collection (B) where RI and RII can be the same or different.
[0038] In some embodiments, two of RI, RII or RIII are selected from the collection (B) , each of the two independently optionally comprise at least one degradable moiety.
[0039] In some embodiments, two of RI, RII or RIII are selected from the collection (B) , at least one of the two comprises at least one degradable moiety.
[0040] In some embodiments, two of RI, RII or RIII are selected from the collection (B) , only one of the two comprises one degradable moiety.
[0041] In some embodiments, the lipid compound of the present disclosure is selected from the compounds listed in Table 1, 2, 3, and / or 4.
[0042] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for preparing a lipid compound or an N-oxide, stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof utilizing Passerini reaction, wherein the prepared lipid compound is used for preparation of lipid nanoparticles for gene delivery.
[0043] In some embodiments, the lipid compound is an ionizable lipid or a cationic lipid.
[0044] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for preparing the lipid compound or an N-oxide, stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the present disclosure, comprising following synthetic route:
[0045] wherein RI, RII and RIII are defined as herein.
[0046] The present disclosure also provides a method for preparing the lipid compound or an N-oxide, stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the present disclosure, comprising following synthetic route:
[0047] wherein, RI, RII, RII’ and RIII are defined as provided herein.
[0048] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides use of the lipid compound or an N-oxide, stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the present disclosure in gene delivery.
[0049] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides use of the lipid compound or an N-oxide, stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the present disclosure in preparation of lipid nanoparticles.
[0050] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a lipid nanoparticle comprising the lipid compound or an N-oxide, stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the present disclosure, assembled with one or more lipids selected from the group consisting of phospholipid, a structural lipid, and a PEG lipid.
[0051] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a delivery system, wherein the lipid nanoparticle of the present disclosure is used as a delivery vehicle in the delivery system.
[0052] In some embodiments, the delivery system also comprises an active pharmaceutical component, which is encapsulated in the lipid nanoparticle.
[0053] In some embodiments, the active pharmaceutical component is a nucleic acid.
[0054] In some embodiments, the active pharmaceutical component is a plasmid.
[0055] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the lipid compound or an N-oxide, stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the present disclosure, or the lipid nanoparticle of the present disclosure, or the delivery system of the present disclosure, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
[0056] In one aspect, the present disclosure relates to a method for preparation of a lipid compounds library. The method comprises the following steps:
[0057] i) preparing reactant component libraries including: a library of isonitrile compounds, a library of aldehyde compounds, and a library of carboxylic acid compounds;
[0058] ii) selecting i compounds from the library of isonitrile compounds, labelled as Iso-1, Iso-2, Iso-3, ..., Iso-I, where i is an integer;
[0059] selecting j compounds from the library of aldehyde compounds, labelled as Alde-1, Alde-2, Alde-3, …, Alde-j, where j is an integer;
[0060] selecting k compounds from the library of carboxylic acid compounds, labelled as Acid-1, Acid-2, Acid-3, …, Acid-k, where k is any integer;
[0061] iii) preparing a matrix of reaction vessels, each vial is labelled as Vial-ijk, where i indicates the sequential number of the isonitrile compound, j indicates the sequential number of the aldehyde compound, and k indicates the sequential number of the carboxylic acid compound;
[0062] iv) according to their labels, adding the isonitrile, aldehyde and carboxylic acid compounds to the corresponding numbered vials with solvent;
[0063] v) carrying out Passerini reaction for 1-48 hr;
[0064] vi) collecting the products after the reaction is complete, resulting in a library of lipid compounds with the number of compounds equal to i*j*k.
[0065] In some embodiments, the lipid compound is an ionizable lipid or a cationic lipid.
[0066] In some embodiments, the reaction is carried out for 1-48 hrs, for example 12-36 hrs, preferably 18-30 hrs, more preferably 20-26 hrs, for example 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 hrs, or any range within the above range.
[0067] In some embodiments, the solvent is selected from THF, DCM, Toluene, EtOH, or a mixture thereof.
[0068] In some embodiments, the reactant addition process can be done manually or by automated equipment. The automated equipment can be programmed to automatically adding the reactants in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
[0069] In some embodiments, the isonitrile compound, the aldehyde compound, and the carboxylic acid compound is added in a ratio of 1: 1: 1.
[0070] In some embodiments, the library of isonitrile compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RI-NC, wherein RI is selected from the collection (A) as defined herein.
[0071] In some embodiments, the library of isonitrile compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RI-NC, wherein RI is selected from the collection (B) as defined herein.
[0072] In some embodiments, the library of aldehyde compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RII-CHO, wherein RII is selected from the collection (A) as defined herein.
[0073] In some embodiments, the library of aldehyde compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RII-CHO, wherein RII is selected from the collection (B) as defined herein.
[0074] In some embodiments, the library of carboxylic acid compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RIII-COOH, wherein RIII is selected from the collection (A) as defined herein.
[0075] In some embodiments, the library of carboxylic acid compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RIII-COOH, wherein RIII is selected from the collection (B) as defined herein.
[0076] In some embodiments, the library of isonitrile compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RI-NC, wherein RI is selected from the collection (A) as defined herein, the library of aldehyde compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RII-CHO, wherein RII is selected from the collection (B) as defined herein, and the library of carboxylic acid compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RIII-COOH, wherein RIII is selected from the collection (B) as defined herein.
[0077] In some embodiments, the library of isonitrile compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RI-NC, wherein RI is selected from the collection (B) as defined herein, the library of aldehyde compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RII-CHO, wherein RII is selected from the collection (A) as defined herein, and the library of carboxylic acid compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RIII-COOH, wherein RIII is selected from the collection (B) as defined herein.
[0078] In some embodiments, the library of isonitrile compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RI-NC, wherein RI is selected from the collection (B) as defined herein, the library of aldehyde compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RII-CHO, wherein RII is selected from the collection (B) as defined herein, and the library of carboxylic acid compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RIII-COOH, wherein RIII is selected from the collection (A) as defined herein.
[0079] In some embodiments, the method further comprises a step of purifying the product.
[0080] In one aspect, the present disclosure relates to a library of lipid compounds prepared by the method of the present disclosure.
[0081] In some embodiments, the lipid compound of the library has a structure shown in formula (I) :
[0082] wherein RI, RII and RIII are defined as herein.
[0083] In some embodiments, the lipid compound of the library has a structure shown in formula (I’) :
[0084] wherein RI, RII , RII’ and RIII are defined as herein.
[0085] In one aspect, the present disclosure relates to a screening method for lipid compounds, comprising the following steps,
[0086] following the method of the present disclosure for preparation of a lipid compounds library, without step vi) collecting the products after the reaction is complete,
[0087] 1) a non-cationic lipid (e.g. phospholipid) , a binding polymeric lipid to prevent particle aggregation (e.g. PEG-lipid) , optionally a structural lipid (e.g. cholesterol) were added to the reaction vessels to formulate LNP (lipid nanoparticle) with the prepared ionizable lipids;
[0088] 2) an aqueous phase containing nucleic acid for example, mRNA, is prepared;
[0089] 3) the LNP obtained in step (1) is mixed with the aqueous phase containing nucleic acid;
[0090] 4) in vitro or in vivo assay is conducted to characterize the obtained LNP encapsulating nucleic acid.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0091] FIGs. 1-2 show relative in vitro transfection efficiency for Lipids 1-196 in A549 cells. All data was normalized to luminescence signal from bare mRNA treated control groups.
[0092] FIG. 3 illustrates classical formulations for the preparation of mRNA-LNPs.
[0093] FIG. 4 illustrates schematic of in vivo orthogonal batch test of LNPs from P-3CR library by I. M. injection.
[0094] FIGs. 5-6 illustrate identification of the best-performing head groups by batch 1 analysis (0.32 mg kg-1 mLuc, 16 LNP mixtures per mouse, n = 2) .
[0095] FIG. 7 illustrates identification of one top-performing lipid tail (A4) by batch 2 sutdy (0.08 mg kg-1 mLuc, 4 LNP mixtures per mouse, n = 2) , and determination of the individual lipids with optimal transfection potency by batch 3 study (0.05 mg kg-1 mLuc per mouse, n = 2) .
[0096] FIG. 8 illustrates histogram analysis of batches 2 and 3.
[0097] FIG. 9 illustrates the final comparison with the benchmark MC3 (0.05 mg kg-1 mLuc per mouse, n = 3) . Statistical significance was assessed using a two-tailed Student’s t-test. *= p-value <0.05, **=p-value<0.01, ***=p-value<0.005. Data are presented as mean ± SEM.
[0098] FIG. 10 illustrates Cre-mediated gene delivery in the Ai9 reporter mouse. Ai9 mice were intravenously administered with mCre LNPs (0.5 mg kg-1 mCre per mouse, n = 3) . The livers were collected and analyzed by flow cytometry.
[0099] FIG. 11 illustrates IVIS imaging for Ai9 cre reporter mice. (a) IVIS images of Cg-Gt(ROSA) 26Sortm9 (CAG-tdTomato) Hze / J mice Cre reporter mice organs after cre-mRNA LNP by I. V. injection. (0.5 mg kg -1) (b) Comparison of the relative fluorescence intensity of livers after I. V. injection of cre-mRNA LNP. (tdTomato: Ex: 568 nm, Em: 581 nm) .
[0100] FIG. 12 illustrates representative fluorescence images of liver sections (Channel: tdTomato and DAPI, Scale bar: 250 μm) .
[0101] FIG. 13 illustrates histogram analysis for fluorescence images, quantified by ImageJ.
[0102] FIG. 14 illustrates quantification of tdTomato+ hepatocytes, endothelial, macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells and T cells (n = 3) .DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0103] Reference will now be made in detail to certain embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying detailed description. While enumerated embodiments will be described, it shall be understood that they are not intended to limit the present disclosure to those embodiments. On the contrary, the present disclosure is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents, which may be included within the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Those skilled in the art will recognize many methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein, which could be used in the practice of the present disclosure. The present disclosure is in no way limited to the methods and materials as described. In the event that one or more of the incorporated literatures and similar materials differs from or contradicts this disclosure, including but not limited to defined terms, term usage, described techniques, or the like, this disclosure controls.
[0104] It is appreciated that certain features of the present disclosure, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, can also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the present disclosure, which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, can also be provided separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0105] DEFINITIONS
[0106] The terms used but not defined herein have their ordinary meaning and the meaning of such terms is independent at each occurrence thereof. Nevertheless, unless otherwise stated, the following definitions apply throughout the specification and claims.
[0107] As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” , and “the” include plural referents unless expressly stated to the contrary.
[0108] As used herein, the terms “comprise” and “include” are intended to specify the presence of stated features, integers, components, or steps, but they do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, components, steps, or groups thereof.
[0109] Definitions of specific functional groups and chemical terms are described in more detail below. For purpose of this disclosure, the chemical elements are identified in accordance with the Periodic Table of the Elements, CAS version, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 75th Edition, inside cover, and specific functional groups are generally defined as described therein. Additionally, general principles of organic chemistry, as well as specific functional moieties and reactivity, are described in Organic Chemistry, Thomas Sorrell, University Science Books, Sausalito, 1999; Smith and March, March’s Advanced Organic Chemistry, 5th Edition, John Wiley &Sons, Inc., New York, 2001; Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations, VCH Publishers, Inc., New York, 1989; Carruthers, Some Modem Methods of Organic Synthesis, 3rd Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1987.
[0110] All ranges cited herein are inclusive, unless expressly stated to the contrary.
[0111] When a range of values is listed, it is intended to encompass each value and sub-range within the range. For example, “C1-6” is intended to encompass, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C1-6, C1-5, C1-4, C1-3, C1-2, C2-6, C2-5, C2-4, C2-3, C3-6, C3-5, C3-4, C4-6, C4-5, and C5-6. For example, a heteroaromatic ring described as containing from “1 to 4 heteroatoms” means that the ring can contain 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms. It is also to be understood that any range cited herein includes within its scope all of the sub-ranges within that range. Thus, for example, a heterocyclic ring described as containing from “1 to 4 heteroatoms” is intended to include as aspects thereof, heterocyclic rings containing 2 to 4 heteroatoms, 3 or 4 heteroatoms, 1 to 3 heteroatoms, 2 or 3 heteroatoms, 1 or 2 heteroatoms, 1 heteroatom, 2 heteroatoms, 3 heteroatoms, or 4 heteroatoms.
[0112] When any variable occurs more than one time in any constituent or in Formula (I) or in any other formula depicting and describing the compounds of the present disclosure, its definition at each occurrence is independent of its definition at every other occurrence. Also, combinations of substituents and / or variables are permissible only if such combinations result in stable compounds.
[0113] As used herein, the term "hydrocarbon group" refers to a chemical group containing hydrogen and carbon. A hydrocarbon group may be substituted or unsubstituted. Hydrocarbon groups can be unsaturated, saturated, branched, non-branched, cyclic, polycyclic or heterocyclic, and include alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl groups, among others. Hydrocarbon groups may be fully saturated, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated and may include divalent and polyvalent groups having a specified number of carbon atoms (i.e., C1-C10 meaning from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, including 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 carbon atoms) . When the hydrocarbon group contains heteroatoms such as N, O, S, etc., it is also referred to as a "hetero hydrocarbon group" .
[0114] As used herein, the term “alkyl” refers to a linear or branched chain saturated hydrocarbon group. The term “Ci-j alkyl” refers to an alkyl having i to j carbon atoms. Alkyl groups may contain 1 to 10 carbon atoms, unless otherwise stated. In certain embodiments, alkyl groups contain 1 to 6 carbon atoms (C1-6) , such as, 1 to 5 carbon atoms (C1-5) , 1 to 4 carbon atoms (C1-4) , 1 to 3 carbon atoms (C1-3) , or 1 to 2 carbon atoms (C1-2) . Non-limiting examples of alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-and iso-propyl, n-, sec-, iso-, and tert-butyl, neopentyl, and the like. Alkyl groups may be optionally substituted (i.e., unsubstituted or substituted) , as valency permits, with one, two, three, or, in the case of alkyl groups of two carbons or more, four or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: amino; alkoxy; aryl; aryloxy; azido; cycloalkyl; cycloalkyloxy; cycloalkenyl; cycloalkynyl; halogen; heterocyclyl; (heterocyclyl) oxy; heteroaryl; hydroxy; nitro; thiol; silyl; cyano; alkylmercapto; alkylsulfonyl; alkylsulfinyl; alkylsulfenyl; =O; =S; -C (O) R or -SO2R, in which R is amino; and =NR’, in which R’ is H, alkyl, aryl, or heterocyclyl. Each of the substituents may itself be unsubstituted or, as valency permits, substituted with unsubstituted substituent (s) defined herein for each respective group. In certain embodiments, alkyl groups may be optionally substituted with one or more substitutes selected from halogen, C1-4 alkyloxy, C1-4 haloalkyloxy, and C1-4 haloalkylmercapto.
[0115] As used herein, the term “alkylene” refers to a divalent substituent that is a monovalent alkyl having one hydrogen atom replaced with a valency. Alkylene groups may be unsubstituted or substituted. An optionally substituted alkylene is an alkylene that is optionally substituted as described herein for alkyl.
[0116] As used herein, the term “alkenyl” refers to a linear or branched-chain hydrocarbon radical having at least one (such as one, two, or three) carbon-carbon double bond, which may be optionally substituted (i.e., unsubstituted or substituted) independently with one or more substituents described herein, and includes radicals having “cis” and “trans” orientations, or alternatively, “E” and “Z” orientations. Alkenyl groups may contain 2 to 10 carbon atoms, unless otherwise stated. In certain embodiments, alkenyl groups may contain 2 to 6 carbon atoms, such as 2 to 5 carbon atoms, 2 to 4 carbon atoms, 2 to 3 carbon atoms. In certain embodiments, alkenyl groups contain 2 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of alkenyl groups include ethylenyl (vinyl) , propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, 1-methyl-2-buten-1-yl, 5-hexenyl, etc. An optionally substituted alkenyl is an alkenyl that is optionally substituted as described herein for alkyl.
[0117] As used herein, the term “alkenylene” refers to a divalent substituent that is a monovalent alkenyl having one hydrogen atom replaced with a valency. Alkenylene groups may be unsubstituted or substituted. An optionally substituted alkenylene is an alkenylene that is optionally substituted as described herein for alkyl.
[0118] As used herein, the term “alkynyl” refers to a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having at least one (such as one, two, or three) carbon-carbon triple bond, which may be optionally substituted (i.e., unsubstituted or substituted) independently with one or more substituents described herein. Alkynyl groups may contain 2 to 10 carbon atoms, unless otherwise stated. In certain embodiments, alkynyl groups may contain 2 to 6 carbon atoms, such as 2 to 5 carbon atoms, 2 to 4 carbon atoms, 2 to 3 carbon atoms. In certain embodiments, alkynyl groups contain 2 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of alkynyl groups include ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl, etc. An optionally substituted alkynyl is an alkynyl that is optionally substituted as described herein for alkyl.
[0119] As used herein, the term “alkynylene” refers to a divalent substituent that is a monovalent alkynyl having one hydrogen atom replaced with a valency. Alkynylene groups may be unsubstituted or substituted. An optionally substituted alkynylene is an alkynylene that is optionally substituted as described herein for alkyl.
[0120] As used herein, the term “cycloalkyl” refers to a partially or fully saturated, monocyclic, or polycyclic carbocyclic ring, which may include fused (when fused with an aryl or a heteroaryl ring, the cycloalkyl is bonded through a non-aromatic ring atom) , spiro, or bridged ring systems. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is fully saturated. Cycloalkyl groups may contain 3 to 10 ring forming carbon atoms, unless otherwise stated. In certain embodiments, cycloalkyl groups may contain 3 to 8 ring forming carbon atoms, such as 3 to 7 ring forming carbon atoms, 3 to 6 ring forming carbon atoms, 3 to 5 ring forming carbon atoms, 3 to 4 ring forming carbon atoms, 3 ring forming carbon atoms, 4 ring forming carbon atoms, 5 ring forming carbon atoms, 6 ring forming carbon atoms, 7 ring forming carbon atoms, 8 ring forming carbon atoms, etc. Particularly, cycloalkyl groups may be monocyclic or bicyclic. Alternatively, bicyclic cycloalkyl groups may include fused, spiro, and bridged cycloalkyl structures. Non-limiting examples of cycloalkyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, 1-bicyclo [2.2.1.] heptyl, 2-bicyclo [2.2.1.] heptyl, 5-bicyclo [2.2.1.] heptyl, 7-bicyclo [2.2.1.] heptyl, and decalinyl. The cycloalkyl group may be optionally substituted (i.e., unsubstituted or substituted) with one, two, three, four, or five substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: alkyl; alkenyl; alkynyl; alkoxy; alkylmercapto; alkylsulfinyl; alkylsulfenyl; alkylsulfonyl; amino; aryl; aryloxy; azido; cycloalkyl; cycloalkyloxy; cycloalkenyl; cycloalkynyl; halogen; heteroalkyl; heteroalkenyl; heteroalkynyl; heterocyclyl; (heterocyclyl) oxy; heteroaryl; hydroxy; nitro; thiol; silyl; cyano; =O; =S; -SO2R, in which R is optionally substituted amino; =NR’, in which R’ is H, alkyl, aryl, or heterocyclyl; and -CON (R″) 2, in which each R″ is independently H or alkyl, or both R″, together with the atom to which they are attached, combine to form heterocyclyl. Each of the substituents may itself be unsubstituted or substituted with unsubstituted substituent (s) defined herein for each respective group. In certain embodiments, cycloalkyl groups may be optionally substituted with one or more substitutes selected from C1-4 alkyl, halogen, C1-4 alkyloxy, C1-4 haloalkyloxy, and C1-4 haloalkylmercapto.
[0121] As used herein, the term “cycloalkylene” refers to a divalent substituent that is a cycloalkyl having one hydrogen atom replaced with a valency. Cycloalkylene groups may be unsubstituted or substituted. An optionally substituted cycloalkylene is a cycloalkylene that is optionally substituted as described herein for cycloalkyl.
[0122] As used herein, the term “heterocyclyl” refers to a monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, or tetracyclic ring system having fused, bridged, and / or spiro 3-to 12-membered rings, unless otherwise stated, containing one, two, three, or four heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur as ring forming atoms. In certain embodiments, heterocyclyl groups may be 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, 10-, 11-or 12-membered. In certain embodiments, heterocyclyl groups may be 3-to 9-membered, 3-to 8-membered, 3-to 6-membered, 4-to 10-membered, 4-to 8-membered, 4-to 6-membered, 5-to 12-membered, 5-to 10-membered, or 5-to 8-membered. In certain embodiments, heterocyclyl groups may contain one, two, or three heteroatoms. In certain embodiments, heterocyclyl may be a monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, or tetracyclic ring system having fused or bridged 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-membered rings, containing one, two, three, or four heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. Heterocyclyl can be aromatic or non-aromatic. In certain embodiments, heterocyclyl is non-aromatic. In certain embodiments, non-aromatic 5-membered heterocyclyl has zero or one double bonds, non-aromatic 6-and 7-membered heterocyclyl groups have zero to two double bonds, and non-aromatic 8-membered heterocyclyl groups have zero to two double bonds and / or zero or one carbon-carbon triple bond. In certain embodiments, heterocyclyl is a saturated ring. In certain embodiments, heterocyclyl groups may include up to 9 carbon atoms. Non-aromatic heterocyclyl groups include pyrrolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, piperidinyl, homopiperidinyl, piperazinyl, pyridazinyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolidiniyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, thiazolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, dihydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, dihydrothienyl, dihydroindolyl, tetrahydroquinolyl, tetrahydroisoquinolyl, pyranyl, dihydropyranyl, dithiazolyl, etc. If the heterocyclic ring system has at least one aromatic resonance structure or at least one aromatic tautomer, such structure is an aromatic heterocyclyl (i.e., heteroaryl) . Non-limiting examples of heteroaryl groups include benzimidazolyl, benzofuryl, benzothiazolyl, benzothienyl, benzoxazolyl, furyl, imidazolyl, indolyl, isoindazolyl, isoquinolinyl, isothiazolyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, purinyl, pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, qunazolinyl, quinolinyl, thiadiazolyl (e.g., 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole) , thiazolyl, thienyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, etc. The term “heterocyclyl” also includes a heterocyclic compound having a bridged multicyclic structure in which one or more carbons and / or heteroatoms bridges two non-adjacent members of a monocyclic ring, e.g., quinuclidine, tropanes, or diaza-bicyclo [2.2.2] octane. The term “heterocyclyl” includes bicyclic, tricyclic, and tetracyclic groups in which any of the above heterocyclic rings is fused to one, two, or three carbocyclic rings, e.g., an aryl ring, a cyclohexane ring, a cyclohexene ring, a cyclopentane ring, a cyclopentene ring, or another monocyclic heterocyclic ring. Examples of fused heterocyclyl groups include 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 8a-hexahydroindolizine; 2, 3-dihydrobenzofuran; 2, 3-dihydroindole; and 2, 3-dihydrobenzothiophene. The heterocyclyl group may be unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, three, four or five substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: alkyl; alkenyl; alkynyl; alkoxy; alkylsulfinyl; alkylsulfenyl; alkylsulfonyl; amino; aryl; aryloxy; azido; cycloalkyl; cycloalkoxy; cycloalkenyl; cycloalkynyl; halogen; heteroalkyl; heterocyclyl; (heterocyclyl) oxy; heteroaryl; hydroxy; nitro; thiol; silyl; cyano; -C (O) R or -SO2R, where R is amino or alkyl; =O; =S; =NR’, where R’ is H, alkyl, aryl, or heterocyclyl. Each of the substituents may itself be unsubstituted or substituted with unsubstituted substituent (s) defined herein for each respective group. In certain embodiments, heterocyclyl groups may be optionally substituted with one or more substitutes selected from 4-to 10-membered heterocyclyl, 6-to 10-membered aryl, and 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl.
[0123] As used herein, the term “heterocyclylene” refers to a divalent substituent that is an heterocyclyl having one hydrogen atom replaced with a valency. Heterocyclylene groups may be unsubstituted or substituted. An optionally substituted heterocyclylene is an heterocyclylene that is optionally substituted as described herein for heterocyclyl.
[0124] As used herein, the term “aryl” refers to a mono-, bicyclic, or multicyclic carbocyclic ring system having at least one aromatic rings. Aryl groups may be 6-to 10-membered, unless otherwise stated. In certain embodiments, aryl groups may contain 6 ring forming carbon atoms. All ring forming atoms within a carbocyclic aryl group are carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, 1, 2-dihydronaphthyl, 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydronaphthyl, fluorenyl, indanyl, indenyl, etc. In certain embodiments, aryl is phenyl or naphthyl. In certain embodiments, aryl is phenyl. In the context of the present specification, the terms “aryl” and “aromatic ring” may be used interchangeably. Aryl groups may be unsubstituted or substituted. An optionally substituted aryl group may be an aryl optionally substituted with one, two, three, four, or five substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: alkyl; alkenyl; alkynyl; alkoxy; alkylsulfinyl; alkylsulfenyl; alkylsulfonyl; amino; aryl; aryloxy; azido; cycloalkyl; cycloalkoxy; cycloalkenyl; cycloalkynyl; halogen; heteroalkyl; heteroalkenyl; heteroalkynyl; heterocyclyl; (heterocyclyl) oxy; heteroaryl; hydroxy; nitro; thiol; silyl; - (CH2) n-C (O) OR’; -C (O) R; and -SO2R, in which R is amino or alkyl, R’ is H or alkyl, and n is 0 or 1. Each of the substituents may itself be unsubstituted or substituted with unsubstituted substituent (s) defined herein for each respective group. In certain embodiments, aryl groups may be optionally substituted with one or more substitutes selected from 4-to 10-membered heterocyclyl, 6-to 10-membered aryl, and 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl.
[0125] As used herein, the term “arylene” refers to a divalent substituent that is an aryl having one hydrogen atom replaced with a valency. Arylene groups may be unsubstituted or substituted. An optionally substituted arylene is an arylene that is optionally substituted as described herein for aryl.
[0126] As used herein, the term “heteroaryl” refers to a monocyclic ring system, or a fused or bridged bicyclic ring system, in which the ring system contains one, two, three, or four heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; and at least one of the rings is an aromatic ring. Heteroaryl groups may be 5-to 10-membered, unless otherwise stated. In certain embodiments, heteroaryl groups may be a 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl ring having 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; or an 8-to 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In certain embodiments, heteroaryl groups may contain one, two, or three heteroatoms. In certain embodiments, heteroaryl groups may contain one or two heteroatoms. Non-limiting examples of heteroaryl groups include benzimidazolyl, benzofuryl, benzothiazolyl, benzothienyl, benzoxazolyl, furyl, imidazolyl, indolyl, isoindazolyl, isoquinolinyl, isothiazolyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, purinyl, pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, qunazolinyl, quinolinyl, thiadiazolyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, dihydroindolyl, tetrahydroquinolyl, tetrahydroisoquinolyl, etc. Heteroaryl groups include at least one ring having at least one heteroatom as described above and at least one aromatic ring. For example, a ring having at least one heteroatom may be fused to one, two, or three carbocyclic rings, e.g., an aryl ring, a cyclohexane ring, a cyclohexene ring, a cyclopentane ring, a cyclopentene ring, or another monocyclic heterocyclic ring. Non-limiting examples of fused heteroaryl groups include 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 8a-hexahydroindolizine, 2, 3-dihydrobenzofuran, 2, 3-dihydroindole, 2, 3-dihydrobenzothiophene, etc. In the context of the present disclosure, the terms “heteroaryl” and “heteroaromatic ring” may be used interchangeably. Heteroaryl groups may be unsubstituted or substituted. An optionally substituted heteroaryl group may be a heteroaryl optionally substituted with one, two, three, four, or five substituents independently selected from the group consisting of: alkyl; alkenyl; alkynyl; alkoxy; alkylsulfinyl; alkylsulfenyl; alkylsulfonyl; amino; aryl; aryloxy; azido; cycloalkyl; cycloalkoxy; cycloalkenyl; cycloalkynyl; halogen; heteroalkyl; heteroalkenyl; heteroalkynyl; heterocyclyl; (heterocyclyl) oxy; heteroaryl; hydroxy; nitro; thiol; silyl; - (CH2) n-C (O) OR’; -C (O) R; and -SO2R, in which R is amino or alkyl, R’ is H or alkyl, and n is 0 or 1. Each of the substituents may itself be unsubstituted or substituted with unsubstituted substituent (s) defined herein for each respective group. In certain embodiments, heteroaryl groups may be optionally substituted with one or more substitutes selected from 4-to 10-membered heterocyclyl, 6-to 10-membered aryl, and 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl.
[0127] As used herein, the term “heteroarylene” refers to a divalent substituent that is a heteroaryl having one hydrogen atom replaced with a valency. Heteroarylene groups may be unsubstituted or substituted. An optionally substituted heteroarylene is a heteroarylene that is optionally substituted as described herein for heteroaryl.
[0128] As used herein, the term “heteroatom” refers to nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, and may include any oxidized form of nitrogen or sulfur, and any quaternized form of a basic nitrogen.
[0129] As used herein, the term “oxo” refers to a divalent oxygen atom and the structure of oxo may be shown as =O.
[0130] As used herein, the term “halogen” (or “halo” ) refers to fluoride, chloride, bromide, and iodide. In certain embodiments, non-limiting examples of halogen include fluoride, chloride, and bromide. In certain embodiments, halogen is chloride or bromide. In certain embodiments, halogen is fluoride.
[0131] As used herein, the term “haloalkyl” refers to an alkyl group as described herein in which one or more of hydrogen atoms have been replaced with one or more halogen atoms selected from the group consisting of fluoride, chloride, bromide, and iodide. Non-limiting examples of haloalkyl groups include -CH2F, -CHF2, -CF3, -CH2CF3, -CF2CF3, etc. In certain embodiments, haloalkyl groups may be perhaloalkyl groups, such as perfluoroalkyl.
[0132] As used herein, the term “haloalkylene” refers to a divalent substituent that is a haloalkyl having one hydrogen atom replaced with a valency. Non-limiting examples of haloalkylene groups include -CH2CHF-, -CHFCHF-, etc. In certain embodiments, haloalkylene groups may be perhaloalkylene groups, such as perfluoroalkylene. In some embodiment, two valences of a haloalkylene are attached to the same atom of other moiety, optionally a ring moiety, to form a double bond, for example, =CHCH2F, =CHCHF2, and =CFCHF2.
[0133] As used herein, the term “substituted” , when refers to a chemical group, means that the chemical group has one or more hydrogen atoms that is / are removed and replaced by substituents. The term “substituent” as used herein has the ordinary meaning known in the art and refers to a chemical moiety that is covalently attached to, or if appropriate, fused to, a parent group. It is to be understood that substitution at a given atom is limited by valency. It is understood that the substituent can be further substituted.
[0134] As used herein, the term “optionally substituted” means that the chemical group may have no substituents (i.e., unsubstituted) or may have one or more substituents (i.e., substituted) . It is to be understood that substitution at a given atom is limited by valency.
[0135] The compounds provided herein are described with reference to both generic formulas and specific compounds. In addition, the compounds of the present disclosure may exist in a number of different forms or derivatives, all within the scope of the disclosure. These include, for example, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, tautomers, stereoisomers, racemic mixtures, regioisomers, prodrugs, and active metabolites, etc. In certain embodiments, the compounds of the disclosure may contain bonds with hindered rotation such that two separate rotomers, or atropisomer, may be separated and may have advantageous biological activity. It is intended that all of the possible atropisomes are included with the scope of this disclosure.
[0136] As used herein, the term "atropisomer" refers to a stereoisomer resulting from restricted rotation about single bonds where the rotation barrier is high enough to permit isolation of the isomeric species. Typically, rotation about the single bond in the molecule is prevented, or greatly slowed, as a result of steric interactions with other parts of the molecule and the substituents at both ends of the single bond are unsymmetrical.
[0137] As used herein, the term “enriched for …an atropisomer” or “atropisomerically enriched” means that the compound, i.e., mixture of atropisomers, comprises a greater proportion or percentage of the specified atropisomers of the compound, in relative to the other atropisomers, i.e., greater than 50 mole%, such as greater than 50 mole%, 60 mole%, 70 mole%, 80 mole%, 90 mole%, 95 mole%, 98 mole%, 99 mole%, etc. In certain embodiments, atropisomers other than the specified atropisomer are undetectable. In certain embodiments, the compound may comprise nearly 100 mole%or 100 mole%of the specified atropisomer of the compound. In certain embodiments, the compound is substantially atropisomerically pure. As used herein, the term “substantially pure” means that the compound, i.e., mixture of atropisomers, comprises at least 90 mole%, optionally at least 95 mole%, more optionally at least 98 mole%, and even more optionally at least 99 mole%of one atropisomer. The term “substantially free” means that the compound comprises less than 10 mole%, optionally less than 5 mole%, more optionally less than 2 mole%, and even more optionally less than 1 mole%of one atropisomer.
[0138] As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” , unless otherwise stated, includes salts that retain the biological effectiveness of the free acid / base form of the specified compound and that are not biologically or otherwise undesirable. Contemplated pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms include, but are not limited to, mono, bis, tris, tetrakis, and so on. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are non-toxic in the amounts and concentrations at which they are administered. The preparation of such salts can facilitate the pharmacological use by altering the physical characteristics of a compound without preventing it from exerting its physiological effect. Useful alterations in physical properties may include, for example, increasing the solubility to facilitate administering higher concentrations of the drug.
[0139] Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of Formula (I) include acid addition and base salts. Suitable acid addition salts can be formed from acids which form non-toxic salts. Non-limiting examples may include the acetate, adipate, aspartate, benzoate, besylate, bicarbonate / carbonate, bisulfate / sulfate, borate, camsylate, citrate, cyclamate, edisylate, esylate, formate, fumarate, gluceptate, gluconate, glucuronate, hexafluorophosphate, hibenzate, hydrochloride / chloride, hydrobromide / bromide, hydroiodide / iodide, isethionate, lactate, malate, maleate, malonate, mesylate, methylsulfate, naphthylate, 2-napsylate, nicotinate, nitrate, orotate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, phosphate / hydrogen phosphate / dihydrogen phosphate, pyroglutamate, saccharate, stearate, succinate, tannate, tartrate, tosylate, trifluoroacetate, 1, 5-naphathalenedisulfonic acid and xinafoate salts. Suitable base salts are formed from bases which form non-toxic salts. Non-limiting examples may include the aluminium, arginine, benzathine, calcium, choline, diethylamine, bis (2-hydroxyethyl) amine (diolamine) , glycine, lysine, magnesium, meglumine, 2-aminoethanol (olamine) , potassium, sodium, 2-Amino-2-(hydroxymethyl) propane-1, 3-diol (tris or tromethamine) and zinc salts. Hemisalts of acids and bases may also be formed, for example, hemisulfate and hemicalcium salts. For a review on suitable salts, see, Stahl and Wermuth, Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts: Properties, Selection, and Use (Wiley-VCH, 2002) .
[0140] Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compound of Formula (I) may be prepared by one or more of three methods: (i) by reacting the compound of Formula (I) with the desired acid or base; (ii) by removing an acid-or base-labile protecting group from a suitable precursor of the compound of Formula (I) or by ring-opening a suitable cyclic precursor, for example, a lactone or lactam, using the desired acid or base; or (iii) by converting one salt of the compound of Formula (I) to another by a reaction with an appropriate acid or base or by means of a suitable ion exchange column. The three reactions may be typically carried out in solution. The resulting salt may precipitate out and be collected by filtration or may be recovered by evaporation of the solvent. The degree of ionization in the resulting salt may vary from completely ionized to almost non-ionized.
[0141] The compounds of Formula (I) may have one or more chiral (asymmetric) centers. The present disclosure encompasses all stereoisomeric forms of the compounds of Formula (I) . Centers of asymmetry that are present in the compounds of Formula (I) can all independently of one another have (R) or (S) configuration. When bonds to a chiral carbon are depicted as straight lines in the structural formulas of the present disclosure, or when a compound name is recited without an (R) or (S) chiral designation for a chiral carbon, it is understood that both the (R) and (S) configurations of each such chiral carbon and hence each enantiomer or diastereomer and mixtures thereof are embraced within the formula or by the name. The production of specific stereoisomers or mixtures thereof may be identified in the Examples where such stereoisomers or mixtures were obtained, but this in no way limits the inclusion of all stereoisomers and mixtures thereof from being within the scope of the disclosure.
[0142] The present disclosure includes all possible enantiomers and diastereomers and mixtures of two or more stereoisomers, for example mixtures of enantiomers and / or diastereomers, in all ratios. Thus, enantiomers are a subject of the present disclosure in enantiomerically pure form, both as levorotatory and as dextrorotatory antipodes, in the form of racemates and in the form of mixtures of the two enantiomers in all ratios.
[0143] Unless otherwise stated, the structures depicted herein are also meant to include the compounds that differ only in the presence of one or more isotopically enriched atoms, in other words, the compounds wherein one or more atoms are replaced by atoms having the same atomic number, but an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number which predominates in nature. Such compounds are referred to as a “isotopic variant” . The present disclosure is intended to include all pharmaceutically acceptable isotopic variants of the compounds of Formula (I) . Examples of isotopes suitable for inclusion in the compounds of the present disclosure include, but not limited to, isotopes of hydrogen, such as 2H and 3H; carbon, such as 11C, 13C and 14C; chlorine, such as 36Cl; fluorine, such as 18F; iodine, such as 123I and 125I; nitrogen, such as 13N and 15N; oxygen, such as 15O, 17O and 18O; phosphorus, such as 32P; and sulfur, such as 35S. Certain isotopic variants of the compounds of Formula (I) , for example those incorporating a radioactive isotope, may be useful in drug and / or substrate tissue distribution studies. Particularly, compounds having the depicted structures that differ only in the replacement with heavier isotopes, such as the replacement of hydrogen by deuterium (2H) , can afford certain therapeutic advantages, for example, resulting from greater metabolic stability, increased in vivo half-life, or reduced dosage requirements and, hence, may be utilized in some particular circumstances. Isotopic variants of compounds of Formula (I) can generally be prepared by conventional techniques known to one skilled in the art or by processes analogous to those described in the accompanying examples and synthesis using an appropriate isotopically-labeled reagent in place of the non-labeled reagent previously employed. In certain embodiments, isotopic variants of compounds of the present disclosure are deuterated variants.
[0144] As used herein, the term "lipid" refers to a class of organic compounds that are derivatives of fatty acids (e.g., esters) and are typically characterized by being insoluble in water but soluble in many organic solvents. Lipids are usually divided into at least three categories: (1) "simple lipids" comprising fats and oils and waxes; (2) "complex lipids" comprising phospholipids and glycolipids; and (3) "derived lipids" such as steroids.
[0145] As used herein, the term "phospholipid" refers to a lipid molecule consisting of two hydrophobic fatty acid "tails" and a hydrophilic "head" made up of phosphate group. These two components are most often bound together by a glycerol molecule and therefore, for the purposes of the present disclosure, phospholipids are preferably glycerol-phospholipids. In addition, the phosphate group is often modified by simple organic molecules such as choline (which gives rise to choline phosphate) or ethanolamine (which gives rise to ethanolamine phosphate) . In some embodiments, the phospholipids may be selected from the group consisting of, but not limited to, 1, 2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DLPC) , 1, 2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-phosphocholine (DMPC) , 1, 2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) , 1, 2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) , 1, 2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) , 1, 2-di-undecanoyl-sn-glycero-phosphocholine (DUPC) , 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) , 1, 2-di-O-octadecenyl-sn-choline glycerol-3-phosphate (18: 0 diether PC) , 1-oleoyl-2-cholesteryl hemisuccinyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (C16 Lyso PC) , 1, 2-dimineraloyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1, 2-diarachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1, 2-diarachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1, 2-didodecahexaenooyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1, 2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) , 1, 2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1, 2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1, 2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1, 2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1, 2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1, 2-diarachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1, 2-didodecahexaenooyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1, 2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac- (1-glycerol) sodium salt (DOPG) , sphingolipids and mixtures thereof.
[0146] As used herein, the term "structural lipid" refers to a sterol and also refers to a lipid containing a sterol moiety. In some embodiments, the structural lipids may be selected from the group comprising, but not limited to, cholesterol, fecosterol, sitosterol, ergosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, brassicasterol, tomatidine, ursolic acid, alpha-tocopherol and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the structural lipid is cholesterol.
[0147] As used herein, the term "polymeric lipid" includes primarily PEG lipids or, alternatively, PEGylated lipids, which are any suitable lipids modified with PEG (polyethylene glycol) moieties. In some embodiments, the PEG lipids may be selected from the group comprising, but not limited to, PEG-modified phosphatidylethanolamine, PEG-modified phosphatidic acid, PEG-modified ceramide, PEG-modified dialkylamine, PEG-modified diacylglycerol, PEG-modified dialkylglycerol and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, specific examples of PEG lipids include, but are not limited to, C14-PEG2000 (1, 2-dimyristoyl-rac-glycerol, methoxypolyethylene glycol-2000 (DMG-PEG2000) ) and C18-PEG5000 (1, 2-distearoyl-rac-glycerol, methoxypolyethylene glycol-5000 (DSG-PEG5000) ) .
[0148] As used herein, the term "hydrophobic lipid" means a lipid compound having non-polar groups, including (but not limited to) long-chain saturated and unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups and such groups being optionally substituted with one or more aromatic, cycloaliphatic or heterocyclic groups. Suitable examples include, but are not limited to, diacylglycerols, dialkylglycerols, N-N-dialkylamines, 1, 2-diaryloxy-3-aminopropane and 1, 2-dialkyl-3-aminopropane.
[0149] As used herein, the terms "cationic lipid" and "ionizable lipid" are used interchangeably herein to include those lipids and their salts having one, two, three or more fatty acid or aliphatic hydrocarbon chains and a pH-titratable amino head group (e.g., an alkylamino or dialkylamino head group) . Cationic lipids are typically protonated at a pH below the pKa of cationic lipids (i.e., positively charged) and are essentially neutral at a pH above pKa. The cationic lipids of the present disclosure may also be referred to as titratable cationic lipids.
[0150] As used herein, the term "nucleic acid" includes double-stranded RNA, single-stranded RNA, isolated RNA (e.g., partially purified RNA) , substantially pure RNA, synthetic RNA, recombinantly generated RNA, and altered RNA that differs from naturally occurring RNA by the addition, deletion, substitution and / or alteration of one or more nucleotides. Such alterations may include, for example, the addition of non-nucleotide material to the ends or interior of the interfering RNA (e.g., at one or more nucleotides of the RNA) . The nucleotides in the RNA molecule of the present disclosure may also comprise non-standard nucleotides, such as non-naturally occurring nucleotides or chemically synthesized nucleotides or deoxyribonucleotides. These altered RNAs may be referred to as analogues or analogues of naturally occurring RNAs.
[0151] The term "lipid nanoparticles" refers to lipid-based formulations that can be used to deliver therapeutically active components (including nucleic acids e.g. mRNA, plasmids) to a target site of interest (e.g., cells, tissues, organs, etc. ) . In some embodiments, lipid nanoparticles are lipid particles encapsulating a therapeutically active component, which lipid particles are typically assembled from cationic lipids (e.g., lipid compounds of the present disclosure) , non-cationic lipids (e.g., phospholipids) , binding polymeric lipids to prevent particle aggregation (e.g., PEG-lipids) and optionally structural lipids (e.g., cholesterol) . Typically, therapeutically active components (including nucleic acids e.g., mRNA, plasmids) can be encapsulated in the lipid portion of the lipid nanoparticles, thereby protecting them from enzymatic degradation.
[0152] LIPID COMPOUNDS
[0153] The lipid compounds of the present disclosure can be used for gene delivery, specifically in lipid nanoparticles, to deliver therapeutic and / or prophylactic agents, such as nucleic acids and plasmids, to cells or organs. When used in the preparation of lipid nanoparticles, the lipid compounds of the present disclosure may also be referred to as "ionizable lipids" or "cationic lipids" .
[0154] The lipid compounds of the present disclosure are lipid compounds having the structure shown in formula (I) or N-oxides, stereoisomers or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof,
[0155] wherein
[0156] RI, RII and RIII are each independently selected from (A) a collection of groups comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety, (B) a collection of optionally substituted C6-C25 aliphatic groups and optionally substituted 6-to 25-membered heteroaliphatic groups.
[0157] The lipid compounds of the present disclosure are lipid compounds having the structure shown in formula (I’) or N-oxides, stereoisomers or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof,
[0158] wherein
[0159] RI, RII and RIII are each independently selected from (A) a collection of groups comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety, (B) a collection of optionally substituted C6-C25 aliphatic groups and optionally substituted 6-to 25-membered heteroaliphatic groups, and
[0160] RII’ is hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl, for example C1-C4 alkyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl.
[0161] In some embodiments, one or two of RI, RII and RIII is selected from (A) a collection of groups comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety.
[0162] In some embodiments, only one of RI, RII and RIII is selected from (A) a collection of groups comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety.
[0163] In some embodiments, the group comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety of the collection (A) has a carbon atom number of 3 to 11 and represented by Formula (Ia) :
[0164] wherein RIa is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkylene, which alkylene is optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from -oxo (=O) , -OH, -SH or -NRIdRId', where RId and RId' are each independently hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl; RIb and RIc are each independently optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C2-C6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-C6 alkynyl, which alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl are optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from -oxo (=O) , -OH, -SH or -NRIeRIe', where RIe and RIe' are each independently hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl, or RIb and RIc together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 5-to 12-membered heterocycle comprising 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, at least one of the heteroatoms is N, which heterocycle is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-C6 alkyl, -NO2 and -OH.
[0165] In some embodiments, RIb and RIc together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 5-12-membered heterocyclic ring, which may be a monocyclic ring, a dense bicyclic ring, a spirocyclic bicyclic ring or a bridging bicyclic ring, etc. In some embodiments, RIb and RIc together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 5-, 6-, 7-or 8-membered monocyclic heterocycle comprising 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O, S, wherein at least one of the heteroatoms is N. In some embodiments, non-limiting embodiments of heterocycles formed by RIb and RIc together with the N atom to which they are attached include, but are not limited to, the group consisting of:
[0166] In some embodiments, the group comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety of the collection (A) has a carbon atom number of 3 to 11 and represented by Formula (Ia’) :
[0167] wherein Ar is optionally substituted C6-C10 arylene, for example , phenylidene, which arylene is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 substituents independently selected from halo, C1-C6 alkyl, -OH, -SH or -NRId” RId”', where RId” and RId”' are each independently hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl; RIb' and RIc' are each independently optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C2-C6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-C6 alkynyl, which alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl are optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from -oxo (=O) , -OH, -SH or -NRIe” RIe”', where RIe” and RIe”' are each independently hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl, or RIb' and RIc' together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 5-to 12-membered heterocycle comprising 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, at least one of the heteroatoms is N, which heterocycle is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-C6 alkyl, -NO2 and -OH.
[0168] In some embodiments, RIb' and RIc' together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 5-12-membered heterocyclic ring, which may be a monocyclic ring, a dense bicyclic ring, a spirocyclic bicyclic ring or a bridging bicyclic ring, etc. In some embodiments, RIb' and RIc' together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 5-, 6-, 7-or 8-membered monocyclic heterocycle comprising 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O, S, wherein at least one of the heteroatoms is N. In some embodiments, non-limiting embodiments of heterocycles formed by RIb' and RIc' together with the N atom to which they are attached include, but are not limited to, the group consisting of:
[0169] In some embodiments, the group comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety of the collection (A) is a 5-to 12-membered heterocyclyl comprising 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, at least one of the heteroatoms is N, which heterocycle is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-C6 alkyl, -NO2 and -OH. The 5-12-membered heterocyclyl is saturated or unsaturated, and may be a monocyclic ring, a dense bicyclic ring, a spirocyclic bicyclic ring or a bridging bicyclic ring, etc.
[0170] In some embodiments, the collection (A) comprises the following groups comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety:
[0171] In some embodiments, the collection (A) comprises the following groups comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety:
[0172] In some embodiments, the collection (A) comprises the following groups comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety:
[0173] In some embodiments, the collection (B) comprises optionally substituted C6-C25 aliphatic groups and optionally substituted 6-to 25-membered heteroaliphatic groups, which aliphatic groups and heteroaliphatic groups are optionally comprise 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12 groups independently selected from -C=C-, -C≡C-, -NRm-, -NH-, -NH2, -OH, -ORn, -O-, -C (O) -, -C (ORo) -, -C (O) O-, -SH, -SRp, -S-, -C (S) -, -C (SRq) -, -C (S) O-, and -P (O) -groups, where Rm, Rn, Ro, Rp, and Rq are each independently optionally substituted C1-C14 aliphatic group.
[0174] As used herein, the term "aliphatic group" refers to substituted or unsubstituted straight and / or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon groups, including straight, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl groups. In some embodiments, the term "aliphatic group" may be used interchangeably with "hydrocarbon group" . In some embodiments, the aliphatic group comprises one or more, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12 unsaturated carbon-carbon double bond (-C=C-) , carbon-carbon triple bond (-C≡C-) groups, and / or any combination thereof.
[0175] As used herein, the term "heteroaliphatic group" refers to substituted or unsubstituted straight and / or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon groups containing heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, including straight, branched or cyclic heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl and heteroalkynyl groups. In some embodiments, the term "heteroaliphatic group" may be used interchangeably with "hetero hydrocarbon group" . In some embodiments, the heteroatom contained in the heteroaliphatic group may, together with the carbon atom, form the main chain of the heteroaliphatic group, such as, but not limited to, the group structures -C-N-C-, -C-O-C-, -C-O-O-C, -C-S-C-, -C-S-S-C, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the heteroatom contained in the heteroaliphatic group may be a substituent attached to a carbon atom, such as, but not limited to, substituted structures such as -C≡N, -C=N-, -C-N=, -C=O, -C-OH, -C=S, -C-SH, etc. In some embodiments, the heteroatoms contained in the heteroaliphatic group may be any combination of the above listed group structures.
[0176] In some embodiments, the heteroaliphatic group comprises one or more, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12 unsaturated carbon-carbon double bonds (-C=C-) , carbon-carbon triple bonds (-C≡C-) , -NRm-, -NH-, -NH2, -OH, -ORn, -O-, -C (O) -, -C (ORo) -, -C (O) O-, -SH, -SRp, -S-, -C (S) -, -C (SRq) -, -C (S) O-, and -P (O) -groups, and / or any combination thereof, where Rm, Rn, Ro, Rp, and Rq are each independently optionally substituted C1-C14 aliphatic group, such as C1-C12, C1-C10, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4 aliphatic groups. Non-limiting specific examples of optionally substituted C1-C14 aliphatic groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, neopentyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, ethylidene (vinyl) , propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, 1-methyl-2-buten-1-yl, 5-hexenyl, ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl, etc.
[0177] In some embodiments, the optionally substituted aliphatic group of collection (B) has 6 to 25 carbon atoms, such as 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, and 25 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the optionally substituted heteroaliphatic group of collection (B) has 6 to 25 atoms including C, N, O and S, such as 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, and 25 atoms.
[0178] In some embodiments, the optionally substituted heteroaliphatic group of collection (B) comprises 1-8 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, S, etc., such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, the optionally substituted heteroaliphatic group of collection (B) comprises, for example, 1 to 2 heteroatoms, 1 to 3 heteroatoms, 1 to 4 heteroatoms, 1 to 5 heteroatoms, or comprises a number of heteroatoms in a range between any two values in the range 1 to 8.
[0179] In some embodiments, two of RI, RII or RIII are selected from the collection (B) , each of the two independently optionally comprise at least one degradable group. Preferably, the lipid compounds of the present disclosure comprise degradable groups, which are broken when entering cells, tissues or organs, thereby allowing the lipid compound to be partially or completely degraded, thereby reducing or completely eliminating the toxicity of the lipid compound to the cells. The introduction of degradable groups accelerates the metabolism of lipids in organs such as the liver, thereby reducing the accumulation of lipids in the body and reducing their potential toxicity.
[0180] In some embodiments, the degradable moiety is selected from -C (O) O-, -OC (O) -, -OC (O) O-, -S-S-, -C (O) NH-, -NHC (O) -, -NHC (O) O-, -NR1C (O) -, -C (O) NR2-, -NR3C (O) O-, -OP (O) OR4O-, -OCR5 (OR6) O-, -CR7 (OR8) O-, and -CH (OR9) O-, where R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9 are each independently optionally substituted C1-C14 aliphatic group, including straight-chain, branched, cyclic alkanes, alkenes, alkynes or polyunsaturated hydrocarbon groups, such as C1-C12, C1-C10, C1-C8, C1-C6, C1-C4 aliphatic groups. Non-limiting specific examples of optionally substituted C1-C14 aliphatic groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, neopentyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, ethylidene (vinyl) , propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, 1-methyl-2-buten-1-yl, 5-hexenyl, ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl, etc.
[0181] In some embodiments, the collection (B) comprises the following groups:
[0182] In some embodiments, the collection (B) comprises the following groups:
[0183] In some embodiments, the collection (B) comprises the following groups:
[0184] In some embodiments, RI is selected from the collection (A) , and RII and RIII are selected from the collection (B) , where RII and RIII can be the same or different.
[0185] In some embodiments, RII is selected from the collection (A) , and RI and RIII are selected from the collection (B) ; where RI and RIII can be the same or different.
[0186] In some embodiments, RIII is selected from the collection (A) , and RI and RII are selected from the collection (B) where RI and RII can be the same or different.
[0187] In some embodiments, two of RI, RII or RIII are selected from the collection (B) , each of the two independently optionally comprise at least one degradable moiety.
[0188] In some embodiments, two of RI, RII or RIII are selected from the collection (B) , at least one of the two comprises at least one degradable moiety.
[0189] In some embodiments, two of RI, RII or RIII are selected from the collection (B) , only one of the two comprises one degradable moiety.
[0190] In some embodiments, RI is selected from the following groups:
[0191] In some embodiments, RI is selected from the following groups:
[0192] In some embodiments, RI is selected from the following groups:
[0193] In some embodiments, RI is selected from the following groups:
[0194] In some embodiments, RI is selected from the following groups:
[0195] In some embodiments, RI is selected from the following groups:
[0196] In some embodiments, RII is selected from the following groups:
[0197] In some embodiments, RII is selected from the following groups:
[0198] In some embodiments, RII is selected from the following groups:
[0199] In some embodiments, RII is selected from the following groups:
[0200] In some embodiments, RII is selected from the following groups:
[0201] In some embodiments, RII is selected from the following groups:
[0202] In some embodiments, RIII is selected from the following groups:
[0203] In some embodiments, RIII is selected from the following groups:
[0204] In some embodiments, RIII is selected from the following groups:
[0205] In some embodiments, RIII is selected from the following groups:
[0206] In some embodiments, RIII is selected from the following groups:
[0207] In some embodiments, RIII is selected from the following groups:
[0208] In some embodiments, the lipid compound is selected from the following compounds:
[0209] Table 1 -Lipid Compounds
[0210] In some embodiments, the lipid compound is selected from the following compounds:
[0211] Table 2 -Lipid Compounds
[0212] Table 3 -Lipid Compounds
[0213] Table 4 -Lipid Compounds
[0214] In some embodiments, the lipid compound of the present disclosure has a molecular weight in the range of about 500 g / mol to about 1400 g / mol; preferably the lipid compound has a molecular weight in the range of about 500 g / mol to about 1200 g / mol; preferably the lipid compound has a molecular weight in the range of about 600 g / mol to about 1000 g / mol ; more preferably, the lipid compound has a molecular weight in the range of about 700 g / mol to about 1000 g / mol. In some embodiments, the lipid compound of the present disclosure has a molecular weight of about 500 g / mol, 600 g / mol, 700 g / mol, 800 g / mol, 900 g / mol, 1000 g / mol, 1100 g / mol, 1200 g / mol, 1300 g / mol, or 1400 g / mol, or within a range of any two values aforementioned.
[0215] The lipid compounds of the present disclosure are used for therapeutically active component delivery to enable the introduction of therapeutically active component including but not limited to nucleic acids (e.g. DNA, RNA) and plasmid into organelles, cells, tissues or organisms.
[0216] PREPARATION OF LIPID COMPOUNDS
[0217] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for preparing a lipid compound or an N-oxide, stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof utilizing Passerini reaction, wherein the prepared lipid compound is used for preparation of lipid nanoparticles for gene delivery.
[0218] In some embodiments, the lipid compound is an ionizable lipid or a cationic lipid.
[0219] In some embodiments, three reactants including an isonitrile compound, an aldehyde compound and a carboxylic acid compound is required to carry out the Passerini reaction.
[0220] In some embodiments, the reaction is carried out for 1-48 hrs, for example 12-36 hrs, preferably 18-30 hrs, more preferably 20-26 hrs, for example 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 hrs, or any range within the above range.
[0221] In some embodiments, the solvent is selected from THF, DCM, Toluene, EtOH, or a mixture thereof.
[0222] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for preparing the lipid compound or an N- oxide, stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the present disclosure. The method comprises following synthetic route:
[0223] the method also comprises following synthetic route:
[0224] wherein, RI, RII, RII’ and RIII are defined as provided herein.
[0225] The multicomponent Passerini reaction, first reported in 1921, is a reaction involving mainly one molecule of isonitrile, one molecule of aldehyde, and one molecule of carboxylic acid or alcohol, the product of which is the bifunctional compound alpha-acyl amide or alpha-alkoxy amide. The Passerini reaction is characterized by mild reaction conditions, occurring in a non-protonic solvent at or below room temperature. The present disclosure makes use of the Passerini reaction to facilitate the high throughput preparation of lipid compounds of the present disclosure.
[0226] In some embodiments, the reaction is carried out for 1-48 hrs, for example 12-36 hrs, preferably 18-30 hrs, more preferably 20-26 hrs, for example 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 hrs, or any range within the above range.
[0227] In some embodiments, the solvent is selected from THF, DCM, Toluene, EtOH, or a mixture thereof.
[0228] In some embodiments, RI, RII and RIII are each independently selected from (A) a collection of groups comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety, (B) a collection of optionally substituted C6-C25 aliphatic groups and optionally substituted 6-to 25-membered heteroaliphatic groups;
[0229] provided that one or two of RI, RII and RIII is selected from (A) a collection of groups comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety.
[0230] In some embodiments, only one of RI, RII and RIII is selected from (A) a collection of groups comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety.
[0231] In some embodiments, the group comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety of the collection (A) has a carbon atom number of 3 to 11 and represented by Formula (Ia) :
[0232] wherein RIa is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkylene, which alkylene is optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from -oxo (=O) , -OH, -SH or -NRIdRId', where RId and RId' are each independently hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl; RIb and RIc are each independently optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C2-C6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-C6 alkynyl, which alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl are optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from -oxo (=O) , -OH, -SH or -NRIeRIe', where RIe and RIe' are each independently hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl, or RIb and RIc together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 5-to 12-membered heterocycle comprising 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, at least one of the heteroatoms is N, which heterocycle is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-C6 alkyl, -NO2 and -OH.
[0233] In some embodiments, the group comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety of the collection (A) is a 5-to 12-membered heterocyclyl comprising 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, at least one of the heteroatoms is N, which heterocycle is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-C6 alkyl, -NO2 and -OH. The 5-12-membered heterocyclyl is saturated or unsaturated, and may be a monocyclic ring, a dense bicyclic ring, a spirocyclic bicyclic ring or a bridging bicyclic ring, etc.
[0234] In some embodiments, RIb and RIc together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 5-12-membered heterocyclic ring, which may be a monocyclic ring, a dense bicyclic ring, a spirocyclic bicyclic ring or a bridging bicyclic ring, etc. In some embodiments, RIb and RIc together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 5-, 6-, 7-or 8-membered monocyclic heterocycle comprising 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O, S, wherein at least one of the heteroatoms is N. In some embodiments, non-limiting embodiments of heterocycles formed by RIb and RIc together with the N atom to which they are attached include, but are not limited to, the group consisting of:
[0235] In some embodiments, the group comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety of the collection (A) has a carbon atom number of 3 to 11 and represented by Formula (Ia’) :
[0236] wherein Ar is optionally substituted C6-C10 arylene, for example , phenylidene, which arylene is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 substituents independently selected from halo, C1-C6 alkyl, -OH, -SH or -NRId” RId”', where RId” and RId”' are each independently hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl; RIb' and RIc' are each independently optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C2-C6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-C6 alkynyl, which alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl are optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from -oxo (=O) , -OH, -SH or -NRIe” RIe”', where RIe” and RIe”' are each independently hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl, or RIb' and RIc' together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 5-to 12-membered heterocycle comprising 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, at least one of the heteroatoms is N, which heterocycle is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-C6 alkyl, -NO2 and -OH.
[0237] In some embodiments, RIb' and RIc' together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 5-12-membered heterocyclic ring, which may be a monocyclic ring, a dense bicyclic ring, a spirocyclic bicyclic ring or a bridging bicyclic ring, etc. In some embodiments, RIb' and RIc' together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 5-, 6-, 7-or 8-membered monocyclic heterocycle comprising 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O, S, wherein at least one of the heteroatoms is N. In some embodiments, non-limiting embodiments of heterocycles formed by RIb' and RIc' together with the N atom to which they are attached include, but are not limited to, the group consisting of:
[0238] In some embodiments, the collection (A) comprises the following groups comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety:
[0239] In some embodiments, the collection (A) comprises the following groups comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety:
[0240] In some embodiments, the collection (A) comprises the following groups comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety:
[0241] In some embodiments, the collection (B) comprises optionally substituted C6-C25 aliphatic groups and optionally substituted 6-to 25-membered heteroaliphatic groups, which aliphatic groups and heteroaliphatic groups are optionally comprise 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12 groups independently selected from -C=C-, -C≡C-, -NRm-, -NH-, -NH2, -OH, -ORn, -O-, -C (O) -, -C (ORo) -, -C (O) O-, -SH, -SRp, -S-, -C (S) -, -C (SRq) -, -C (S) O-, and -P (O) -groups, where Rm, Rn, Ro, Rp, and Rq are each independently optionally substituted C1-C14 aliphatic group.
[0242] In some embodiments, the collection (B) comprises the following groups:
[0243] In some embodiments, the collection (B) comprises the following groups:
[0244] In some embodiments, the collection (B) comprises the following groups:
[0245] In some embodiments, the isonitrile compound is selected from the Library I consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RI-NC, wherein RI is selected from the collection (A) as defined herein.
[0246] In some embodiments, the isonitrile compound is selected from the Library I consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RI-NC, wherein RI is selected from the collection (B) as defined herein.
[0247] In some embodiments, RI is selected from the following groups:
[0248] In some embodiments, RI is selected from the following groups:
[0249] In some embodiments, RI is selected from the following groups:
[0250] In some embodiments, the aldehyde compound is selected from the Library II consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RII-CHO, wherein RII is selected from the collection (A) as defined herein.
[0251] In some embodiments, the aldehyde compound is selected from the Library II consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RII-CHO, wherein RII is selected from the collection (B) as defined herein.
[0252] In some embodiments, RII is selected from the following groups:
[0253] In some embodiments, RII is selected from the following groups:
[0254] In some embodiments, RII is selected from the following groups:
[0255] In some embodiments, the carboxylic acid compound is selected from the Library III consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RIII-COOH, wherein RIII is selected from the collection (A) as defined herein.
[0256] In some embodiments, the carboxylic acid compound is selected from the Library III consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RIII-COOH, wherein RIII is selected from the collection (B) as defined herein.
[0257] In some embodiments, RIII is selected from the following groups:
[0258] In some embodiments, RIII is selected from the following groups:
[0259] In some embodiments, RIII is selected from the following groups:
[0260] In some embodiments, the ketone compound is selected from the Library IV consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RII-CO-RII’, wherein RII is selected from the collection (A) as defined herein, and RII’ is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, for example C1-C4 alkyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl.
[0261] In some embodiments, RII is selected from the following groups:
[0262] In some embodiments, the isonitrile compound is selected from the Library I’ consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RI-NC, wherein RI is selected from the collection (B) .
[0263] In some embodiments, RI is selected from the following groups:
[0264] In some embodiments, RI is selected from the following groups:
[0265] In some embodiments, RI is selected from the following groups:
[0266] In some embodiments, the aldehyde compound is selected from the Library II’ consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RII-CHO, wherein RII is selected from the collection (B) :
[0267] In some embodiments, RII is selected from the following groups:
[0268] In some embodiments, RII is selected from the following groups:
[0269] In some embodiments, RII is selected from the following groups:
[0270] In some embodiments, the carboxylic acid compound is selected from the Library III’ consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RIII-COOH, wherein RIII is selected from the collection (A) as defined here.
[0271] In some embodiments, the isonitrile compound is selected from the Library I” consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RI-NC, wherein RI is selected from the collection (B) as defined herein, the aldehyde compound is selected from the Library II” consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RII-CHO, wherein RII is selected from the collection (A) as defined herein, and the carboxylic acid compound is selected from the Library III” consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RIII-COOH, wherein RIII is selected from the collection (B) as defined here.
[0272] In some embodiments, the isonitrile compound is selected from the Library I”’ consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RI-NC, wherein RI is selected from the collection (A) as defined herein, the ketone compound is selected from the Library II”’ consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RII-CH-RII’, wherein RII is selected from the collection (B) as defined herein, and RII’ is as defined herein, and the carboxylic acid compound is selected from the Library III” consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RIII-COOH, wherein RIII is selected from the collection (B) as defined here.
[0273] PREPARATION OF LIPID COMPOUNDS LIBRARY
[0274] In one aspect, the present disclosure relates to a method for preparation of a lipid compounds library. The method of the present disclosure is a high-throughput combinatorial synthesis of lipid compounds.
[0275] To synthesize the lipid compound library, the P-3CR is used. This one-pot reaction combines carboxylic acids, isocyanides, and aldehydes. The P-3CR reaction enables efficient and versatile synthesis and purification processes for ionizable lipids, reducing the number of synthesis and purification steps, omitting the use of catalysts or couplers, only requiring mild conditions - such as room temperature, a brief reaction time, and neutral pH levels -and exhibiting excellent functional group tolerance. The ionizable lipids are often crafted with ester bonds for rapid elimination, aiming to improve tolerability during payload delivery. Enriching ionizable lipids with ester bonds offers robust stability at physiological pH while conferring the ability to undergo enzymatic hydrolysis in cells and tissues. Enhanced metabolism and degradation of ionizable lipids in vivo is particularly important for therapeutic applications that require repeated administration. The P-3CR reaction involves the condensation of isocyanide, aldehyde, and carboxylic acid groups, succeeded by a Mumm rearrangement, ultimately producing the α-acyl amide scaffold. These α-acyl amide scaffolds feature a hydrolysable ester bond, conferring the advantages of biodegradability while eliminating the necessity for additional esterification reactions, underscoring the method’s efficiency and simplicity compared to alternative multicomponent reactions.
[0276] The method comprises the following steps,
[0277] i) preparing reactant component libraries including: a library of isonitrile compounds, a library of aldehyde compounds, and a library of carboxylic acid compounds;
[0278] ii) selecting i compounds from the library of isonitrile compounds, labelled as Iso-1, Iso-2, Iso-3, ..., Iso-I, where i is an integer;
[0279] selecting j compounds from the library of aldehyde compounds, labelled as Alde-1, Alde-2, Alde-3, …, Alde-j, where j is an integer;
[0280] selecting k compounds from the library of carboxylic acid compounds, labelled as Acid-1, Acid-2, Acid-3, …, Acid-k, where k is any integer;
[0281] iii) preparing a matrix of reaction vessels, each vial is labelled as Vial-ijk, where i indicates the sequential number of the isonitrile compound, j indicates the sequential number of the aldehyde compound, and k indicates the sequential number of the carboxylic acid compound;
[0282] iv) according to their labels, adding the isonitrile, aldehyde and carboxylic acid compounds to the corresponding numbered vials with solvent;
[0283] v) carrying out Passerini reaction for 1-48 hr;
[0284] vi) collecting the products after the reaction is complete, resulting in a library of lipid compounds with the number of compounds equal to i*j*k.
[0285] In some embodiments, the lipid compound is an ionizable lipid or a cationic lipid.
[0286] In some embodiments, the reaction is carried out for 1-48 hrs, for example 12-36 hrs, preferably 18-30 hrs, more preferably 20-26 hrs, for example 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 hrs, or any range within the above range.
[0287] In some embodiments, the solvent is selected from THF, DCM, Toluene, EtOH, or a mixture thereof.
[0288] In some embodiments, the reactant addition process can be done manually or by automated equipment. The automated equipment can be programmed to automatically adding the reactants in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
[0289] In some embodiments, the isonitrile compound, the aldehyde compound, and the carboxylic acid compound is added in a ratio of 1: 1: 1.
[0290] There are no special restrictions on reaction vessels, as long as they can be easily numbered and are suitable for carrying out chemical reactions. In some embodiments, the reaction vessel is a capped glass vial. In some embodiments, the matrix of reaction vessels is 96-well plates, or any similar reaction plates for chemical and biological experiments.
[0291] In some embodiments, the library of isonitrile compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RI-NC, wherein RI is selected from the collection (A) as defined herein.
[0292] In some embodiments, the library of isonitrile compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RI-NC, wherein RI is selected from the collection (B) as defined herein.
[0293] In some embodiments, RI is selected from the following groups:
[0294] In some embodiments, RI is selected from the following groups:
[0295] In some embodiments, RI is selected from the following groups:
[0296] In some embodiments, the library of aldehyde compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RII-CHO, wherein RII is selected from the collection (A) as defined herein.
[0297] In some embodiments, the library of aldehyde compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RII-CHO, wherein RII is selected from the collection (B) as defined herein.
[0298] In some embodiments, RII is selected from the following groups:
[0299] In some embodiments, RII is selected from the following groups:
[0300] In some embodiments, RII is selected from the following groups:
[0301] In some embodiments, the library of carboxylic acid compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RIII-COOH, wherein RIII is selected from the collection (A) as defined herein.
[0302] In some embodiments, the library of carboxylic acid compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RIII-COOH, wherein RIII is selected from the collection (B) as defined herein.
[0303] In some embodiments, RIII is selected from the following groups:
[0304] In some embodiments, RIII is selected from the following groups:
[0305] In some embodiments, RIII is selected from the following groups:
[0306] In some embodiments, the library of isonitrile compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RI-NC, wherein RI is selected from the collection (A) as defined herein, the library of aldehyde compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RII-CHO, wherein RII is selected from the collection (B) as defined herein, and the library of carboxylic acid compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RIII-COOH, wherein RIII is selected from the collection (B) as defined herein.
[0307] In some embodiments, the library of isonitrile compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RI-NC, wherein RI is selected from the collection (B) as defined herein, the library of aldehyde compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RII-CHO, wherein RII is selected from the collection (A) as defined herein, and the library of carboxylic acid compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RIII-COOH, wherein RIII is selected from the collection (B) as defined herein.
[0308] In some embodiments, the library of isonitrile compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RI-NC, wherein RI is selected from the collection (B) as defined herein, the library of aldehyde compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RII-CHO, wherein RII is selected from the collection (B) as defined herein, and the library of carboxylic acid compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RIII-COOH, wherein RIII is selected from the collection (A) as defined herein.
[0309] In some embodiments, the method further comprises a step of purifying the product.
[0310] In one aspect, the present disclosure relates to a library of lipid compounds prepared by the method of the present disclosure.
[0311] In some embodiments, the lipid compound of the library has a structure shown in formula (I)
[0312] wherein RI, RII and RIII are defined as herein.
[0313] In one aspect, the present disclosure relates to a library of lipid compounds prepared by the method of the present disclosure.
[0314] In some embodiments, the lipid compound of the library has a structure shown in formula (I’)
[0315] wherein RI, RII, RII’ and RIII are defined as herein.
[0316] In one aspect, the present disclosure relates to a screening method for lipid compounds, comprising the following steps,
[0317] following the method of the present disclosure for preparation of a lipid compounds library, without step vi) collecting the products after the reaction is complete,
[0318] 1) a non-cationic lipid (e.g. phospholipid) , a binding polymeric lipid to prevent particle aggregation (e.g. PEG-lipid) , optionally a structural lipid (e.g. cholesterol) were added to the reaction vessels to formulate LNP (lipid nanoparticle) with the prepared ionizable lipids;
[0319] 2) an aqueous phase containing nucleic acid for example, mRNA, is prepared;
[0320] 3) the LNP obtained in step (1) is mixed with the aqueous phase containing nucleic acid;
[0321] 4) in vitro or in vivo assay is conducted to characterize the obtained LNP encapsulating nucleic acid.
[0322] LIPID NANOPARTICLES
[0323] In one aspect, the present disclosure relates to lipid nanoparticles. The lipid nanoparticles of the present disclosure comprise the lipid compounds of the present disclosure as described above. When used in the preparation of the lipid nanoparticles of the present disclosure, the lipid compounds of the present disclosure may also be referred to as cationic lipids or ionizable lipids.
[0324] In some embodiments, in the lipid nanoparticles of the present disclosure, the lipid compounds comprise from about 10 mole %to about 90 mole %, such as about 10 mole %, 15 mole %, 20 mole %, 25 mole %, 30 mole %, 40 mole %, 45 mole %, 50 mole %, 55 mole %, 60 mole %, 65 mole %, 70 mole %, 75 mole %, 80 mole %, 85 mole %, 90 mole %, or a range between any two of the above, in terms of the total molarity of the components comprising the lipid nanoparticles. Preferably, the lipid compound comprises from about 10 mole %to about 70 mole %, more preferably said lipid compound comprises from about 20 mole %to about 50 mole %.
[0325] In some embodiments, the lipid nanoparticle of the present disclosure further comprises phospholipid, a structural lipid, PEG lipid and nucleic acid.
[0326] In some embodiments, the phospholipid comprises from about 0 mole %to about 20 mole %, or a range between any value from about 0 mole %to about 20 mole %, in terms of the total molar amount of matter of the components comprising the lipid nanoparticle. The structural lipid comprises from about 30 mole %to about 50 mole %, or a range between any value from about 30 mole %to about 50 mole %, in terms of the total molar amount of matter of the components comprising the lipid nanoparticle. The PEG lipid comprises from about 0 mole %to about 10 mole %, or a range between any value from about 0 mole %to about 10 mole %, in terms of the total molar amount of matter of the components comprising the lipid nanoparticle.
[0327] In some embodiments, the N / P ratio of the lipid compound to the nucleic acid is in the range of about 1.1: 1 to 10: 1, or any value between 1.1: 1 and 10: 1. For the purposes of the present disclosure, the N / P ratio can be defined as the ratio of the number of N atoms of the ionizable group contained in a lipid compound (also referred to as a "cationic lipid" or "ionizable lipid" ) to the number of P atoms of the phosphate group of the nucleic acid in lipid nanoparticles containing nucleic acids. The N / P ratio can be based on the following calculation: for example, 1 μg of RNA typically contains about 3 nmol of phosphate residues, provided that the RNA presents a statistical distribution of bases. The 'N' value of a lipid compound can be calculated based on its molecular weight and the relative content of cationic groups. If more than one lipid compound is present, the N value should be calculated based on all the lipid compounds contained in the lipid nanoparticles.
[0328] In some embodiments, examples of nucleic acids include single-stranded and double-stranded DNA, single-stranded and double-stranded RNA, and hybrid molecules having a mixture of single-stranded and double-stranded DNA and RNA. In some embodiments, examples of nucleic acids include any type of RNA, such as messenger RNA (mRNA) , small interfering RNA (siRNA) , short hairpin RNA (shRNA) , micro RNA (miRNA) , guide RNA (gRNA) , CRISPR RNA (crRNA) , trans-activated RNA (tracrRNA) , plasmid DNA (pDNA) , small loop DNA, genomic DNA (gNDA) and any fragment thereof.
[0329] Methods for the preparation of lipid nanoparticles are widely known in the art. The lipid nanoparticles of the present disclosure can be prepared by conventional methods known to those skilled in the art.
[0330] PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS
[0331] In one aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the lipid compound or an N-oxide, stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of the present disclosure, or the lipid nanoparticle of the present disclosure, or the delivery system of the present disclosure, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
[0332] As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient” refers to a carrier or excipient which is useful for preparing a pharmaceutical composition that is generally safe, non-toxic, and neither biologically nor otherwise undesirable, and includes carrier or excipient that is acceptable for veterinary use as well as human pharmaceutical use. A pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient as used herein includes both one and more than one such carrier or excipient. The particular carrier or excipient used will depend upon the means and purpose for which the compounds of the disclosure is being applied. Suitable carriers and excipients are well known to those skilled in the art and are described in detail in, e.g., Ansel, Howard C, et al., Ansel’s Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams &Wilkins, 2004; Gennaro, Alfonso R., et al., Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams &Wilkins, 2000; and Rowe, Raymond C. Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients. Chicago, Pharmaceutical Press, 2005.
[0333] Pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure may be prepared by any of the well-known techniques of pharmacy, such as effective formulation and administration procedures. The above considerations in regard to effective formulations and administration procedures are well known in the art, and are described in standard textbooks. Formulation of pharmaceutical products is discussed in, e.g., Hoover, John E., Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pennsylvania, 1975; Liberman, et al., Eds., Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Marcel Decker, New York, N. Y., 1980; and Kibbe, et al., Eds., Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 3rd Edition, American Pharmaceutical Association, Washington, 1999.
[0334] SYNTHESIS
[0335] The compounds of the present disclosure may be prepared by the general and specific methods described below, using the common general knowledge of those skilled in the art of synthetic organic chemistry. Such common general knowledge can be found in standard reference books, e.g., Barton and Ollis (Ed. ) , Comprehensive Organic Chemistry, Elsevier; Richard Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations: A Guide to Functional Group Preparations, John Wiley and Sons; and Compendium of Organic Synthetic Methods, Vol. I-XII, Wiley-Interscience. The starting materials used herein are commercially available or may be prepared by routine methods known in the art.
[0336] The Schemes described hereinafter are intended to provide a general description of the methodology employed in the preparation of the compounds of the present disclosure. Some of the compounds of the present disclosure may contain single or multiple chiral centers with the stereochemical designation (R) or (S) . It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that all of the synthetic transformations can be conducted in a similar manner no whether the materials are enantioenriched or racemic. Moreover, the resolution to the desired optically active material may take place at any desired point in the procedure using well known methods such as those described herein and in the chemistry literature.
[0337] EXAMPLES
[0338] In order that the disclosure may be more fully understood, the following examples are set forth. The examples described herein are offered to illustrate the compounds, methods and compositions provided herein and are not to be construed in any way as limiting the scope of the disclosure.
[0339] During synthetic procedures, it may be necessary and / or desirable to protect sensitive or reactive groups on any of the molecules concerned. This may be achieved by means of conventional protecting groups, such as those described in T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wutts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 4th Edition, John Wiley and Sons. The protective groups are optionally removed at a convenient subsequent stage using methods well known in the art.
[0340] The compounds of the present disclosure can be readily prepared according to the following reaction schemes and examples, or modifications thereof, using readily available starting materials, reagents, and conventional synthesis procedures. In these reactions, it is also possible to make use of variants which are themselves known to those skilled in the art, but are not mentioned in greater detail. Furthermore, other methods for preparing the compounds of the disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the reaction schemes and examples as described herein. Unless otherwise indicated, all variables are as defined above. In general chemical procedures, all reagents and materials may be purchased from commercial vendors or may be readily prepared by those skilled in the art.
[0341] As used herein, headgroup refers to the group selected from collection (A) , and tail refers to the group selected from collection (B) .
[0342] MATERIALS AND METHODS
[0343] Materials and methods routinely used in examples are described below.
[0344] Lipid library and ionizable lipid synthesis
[0345] For ionizable lipid library synthesis, 3CR-Passerini reaction was utilized to synthesize ionizable lipids between carboxylic acid compounds (-COOH) , aldehyde compounds (-CHO) , and isocyanide compounds (-NC) . In a nutshell, carboxylic acid, aldehyde, and isocyanide, in a molar ratio of 1: 1: 1, were dissolved in dichloromethane (DCM) within a single-neck round-bottom flask. The reaction proceeded for 24 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature. All reactions were conducted in 96-well plates. For in vivo high-throughput transfection studies, the solvents in lipid mixtures were removed under a vacuum-heated chamber. After that, lipids were resuspended by adding ethanol (EtOH) . In cases where purification was necessary, the lipid underwent purification via flash column chromatography on a preparative chromatography system (BUCHI) . The structural confirmation was achieved through 1H NMR spectrometry (400 or 500 MHz, Bruker spectrometer) and Q Exactive HF-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (Thermo) .
[0346] LNP formulation
[0347] LNPs were generated by mixing a lipid-containing ethanol phase with mRNA in an aqueous phase using a T junction device via syringe pumps and buffer exchanged by dialysis against 1× PBS in a 10,000 MWCO cassette (Thermo Fisher) at 4 ℃ for 12 h. In brief, the organic phase was formulated by dissolving a synthesized ionizable lipid mixture, along with helper phospholipid DSPC (Avanti) , cholesterol (Avanti) , and C14-PEG2000 (Avanti) , in ethanol at specific molar ratios: 50: 10: 38.5: 1.5 same as SM-102. The MC3 and SM-102 were acquired from Echelon Bioscience. The aqueous phase was prepared containing mRNA in 10 mM citrate buffer (pH 4.0, Fisher) . The final LNP achieved a total mRNA concentration of 0.1 μg μL-1. The studied mRNA variants included mLuc (firefly luciferase mRNA, TriLink) , mCre (Cre-recombinase mRNA, 5-methoxyuridine (5moU) , TriLink) , and hEPO (human Erythropoietin mRNA, 5moU, TriLink) .
[0348] LNP characterization
[0349] Particle size and PDI analysis of LNP was conducted through dynamic light scattering (DLS) . The LNP was first diluted in PBS (pH 7.4) to achieve a total mRNA concentration of 0.8-1.6 ng μL-1. Subsequently, the diluted LNP was transferred to polystyrene cuvettes. Measurements were performed using DLS with a Malvern Nano ZS Zetasizer at 25 ℃. The analysis was carried out in PBS with a refractive index (RI) of 1.590, absorbance of 0.010, viscosity of 0.9073 cP, and a refractive index of 1.332. The measurement duration was set to 2 seconds, with the number of runs automatically determined. Each measurement was conducted at a fixed position in the cuvette, which had a diameter of 4.65 mm. Automatic attenuation was applied during the measurements, and the diameter was reported as the Z-average value.
[0350] A TNS binding assay was conducted to determine the apparent pKa of LNPs. In this assay, LNPs were diluted and combined with TNS in a buffered solution with a total volume of 150 μL, resulting in final concentrations of (LNP, 75 μM) and (TNS, 6 μM) . Buffered solutions spanning a pH range from 3 to 10 were prepared, comprising 20 mM boric acid, 10 mM imidazole, 10 mM sodium acetate, 10 mM glycylglycine, and 25 mM sodium chloride. The fluorescence, measured using the Cytation 5 Cell Imaging Multi-Mode Reader (BioTek) at wavelengths Ex321 / Em445, was recorded after the addition of TNS. Subsequently, the pH of each well was determined. The fluorescence data were fitted to the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation using Mathematica (Wolfram Research) to derive the pKa.
[0351] Quantification of RNA concentration and encapsulation efficiency was carried out using the RiboGreen assay. The Quant-it RiboGreen assay from Invitrogen was employed to determine the RNA encapsulation efficiency and concentration. A standard curve was generated using a dilution series derived from an appropriate RNA stock for quantitative assessment of RNA in the LNP formulation. Both standards and samples were diluted in 1× Tris-EDTA (TE) buffer (pH 8.0) . The final sample concentration in polystyrene cuvettes was targeted at 0.1 ng μL-1. Fluorescence measurements were taken using a fluorescence spectrophotometer (Varian Cary Eclipse) set at 500 nm excitation and 525 nm emission. To calculate the standard curve, linear regression analysis was performed on the fluorescence intensity plotted against the concentrations of the standard samples. The encapsulation of RNA in LNP samples was determined by comparing the signal of the fluorescent dye RiboGreen in the absence and presence of a detergent (0.1%Triton X-100) . Without the detergent, the signal was generated primarily by closely associated (non-encapsulated) RNA. In the presence of the detergent, LNP was disrupted, and the measured signal represented total RNA (encapsulated and non-encapsulated) . Encapsulation efficiency was calculated using the formula:
[0352] Animals experiment
[0353] All experimental procedures were ethically approved, and all animal studies were approved and conducted in compliance with the University Health Network Animal Resources Centre guidelines (University of Toronto) . Female and male C57BL / 6, BALB / C and B6. Cg-Gt (ROSA) 26Sortm9 (CAG-tdTomato) Hze / J mice (4 to 8 weeks) were obtained from the Jackson Laboratory.
[0354] I. SCHEME I
[0355] Synthesize for headgroups (Iso-H1 to Iso-H6)
[0356] Route A: (Iso-H1 to Iso-H3)
[0357] Iso-H1
[0358] A primary amine, N, N-diethylethane-1, 2-diamine (0.4 mmol) , sodium chlorodifluoroacetate (0.8 mmol) , and K2CO3 (0.8 mmol) were added to a 25 mL Schlenk tube, which had been dried in an oven and equipped with a magnetic stir bar. The Schlenk tube was then evacuated and refilled with dry nitrogen. Using a syringe, dry DMF (5 mL) was added to the tube. The contents of the tube were vigorously stirred for 12 hours at 100℃, using an oil bath for heating. Afterward, the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature. To extract the resulting mixture, dichloromethane was used. The combined organic layers were washed four times with a large amount of water, followed by a wash with brine, and then dried over magnesium sulfate. The solvent was removed under vacuum, and the remaining residue was purified by column chromatography on silica. The eluent used for purification was a mixture of petroleum ether (PE) and ethyl acetate (EA) . This process resulted in the production of a purified isocyanide compound iso-H1. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 5.08 (s, 2H) , 3.55 -3.35 (m, 2H) , 3.13 -2.64 (m, 4H) , 1.08 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 6H) .
[0359] Iso-H2
[0360] Same as Iso-H1 synthesisze route. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 3.80 (s, 3H) , 3.39 (s, 6H) , 3.11 -3.05 (m, 1H) , 1.33 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H) .
[0361] Iso-H3
[0362] Same as Iso-H1 synthesisze route. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 3.44 -3.27 (m, 2H) , 2.58 -2.44 (m, 6H) , 1.66 (p, J = 6.1 Hz, 2H) , 1.02 (td, J = 7.2, 4.9 Hz, 6H) .
[0363] Route B: (Iso-H4 to Iso-H6)
[0364] General Procedure.
[0365] A mixture was prepared by adding 30 mmol of isocyanoacetic acid methyl ester to 30 mmol of amine, followed by stirring overnight at room temperature. If the product precipitated during the reaction, it was filtered, washed three times with cold diethyl ether, and then dried under vacuum overnight. In cases where no precipitation was observed, cold diethyl ether was added to the reaction mixture, and the product was allowed to crystallize in a freezer at -20℃. In rare instances where the product remained in the form of an oil or did not crystallize, purification was carried out using preparative chromatography with silica gel and ethyl acetate as the eluent. In several cases, ultrasound was used to enhance the crystallization process.
[0366] Iso-H4
[0367] Same as general procedure. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 4.29 (s, 2H) , 3.60 (p, J = 4.7 Hz, 4H) , 3.51 (p, J = 4.9 Hz, 2H) , 3.28 (p, J = 4.9 Hz, 2H) .
[0368] Iso-H5
[0369] Same as general procedure. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 4.48 (s, 2H) , 3.70 -3.65 (m, 2H) , 3.45 -3.39 (m, 2H) , 1.80 -1.68 (m, 6H) .
[0370] Iso-H6
[0371] Same as general procedure. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 4.48 (s, 2H) , 3.70 -3.65 (m, 2H) , 3.45 - 3.39 (m, 2H) , 1.80 -1.68 (m, 6H) .
[0372] Example 1. High-throughput combinatorial synthesis of lipid compounds
[0373] In the Example, the library of isonitrile compounds consisting of the following compounds:
[0374] The library of aldehyde compounds consisting of the following compounds:
[0375] The library of carboxylic acid compounds consisting of the following compounds:
[0376] The reactants used in the Example was prepared according to the procedure as previously described, or commercially available chemicals, for example purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and TCI America.
[0377] A lipid library consisting of 6*3*8 = 144 lipid compounds were constructed and subject to LNP formulation and in vitro transfection.
[0378] For in vitro transfection, the lipid-mRNA mixture, containing 0.1 μg of mRNA, was added to pre-seeded Hela and A549 cells in 96-well plates. Following overnight incubation, the transfection efficiency of mLuc was assessed using the One-Glo Luciferase Assay System (Promega) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The luminescence was measured using the Cytation imaging reader (BioTek) .
[0379] II. SCHEME II
[0380] Synthesize for carboxylic acid compounds (H1 to H20)
[0381] Table 5 -List of headgroups
[0382] H1 to H11, H18-H21 were purchased from vendor.
[0383] H12 to H17 were prepared according to routine synthesis well known to those skilled in the art, and identified.
[0384] H12: 3-undecanol (3.0025 g, 1 eq) , N-ethyldiisopropylamine (3.4346 g, 2.5 eq) , dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (2.1933 g, 1 eq) , and 4- (dimethylamino) pyridine (0.1299 g, 0.1 eq) were dissolved in 100 mL of ultra dry dichloromethane and replaced three times with nitrogen. Add succinic acid (1.2561 g, 1 eq) dissolved in 50 mL of ultra dry dichloromethane through a constant pressure dropper funnel. React overnight at room temperature, wash twice with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, wash twice with saturated salt water, and then dry with anhydrous sodium sulfate. Filter, vacuum remove solvent, and purify residue (0-20%EA of PE) through a rapid column.
[0385] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 4.47 (m, 1H) , 2.29 (m, 4H) , 1.65 (m, 4H) , 1.50-1.26 (m, 20H) , 0.88 (m, 6H) . LCMS (ESI) : 327.5 m / z. Chemical Formula: C19H36O4
[0386] H13:
[0387] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 4.47 (m, 2H) , 2.29 (m, 4H) , 2.09 (m, 1H) , 1.65 (m, 4H) , 1.50-1.26 (m, 16H) , 0.88 (t, 3H) , 0.80 (t, 3H) . LCMS (ESI) : 313.5 m / z. Chemical Formula: C18H34O4 H14:
[0388] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 4.66 (s, 2H) , 2.34 (m, 6H) , 1.58 (m, 2H) , 1.50-1.26 (m, 14H) , 0.88 (t, 3H) . LCMS (ESI) : 295.2 m / z. Chemical Formula: C17H28O4
[0389] H15:
[0390] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 4.08 (t, 2H) , 2.30 (m, 3H) , 1.66-1.25 (m, 32H) , 0.88 (t, 6H) . LCMS (ESI) : 383.6 m / z. Chemical Formula: C23H44O4
[0391] H16:
[0392] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 4.47 (m, 1H) , 2.29 (m, 4H) , 1.65 (m, 4H) , 1.50-1.26 (m, 32H) , 0.88 (t, 6H) . LCMS (ESI) : 411.7 m / z. Chemical Formula: C25H48O4
[0393] H17:
[0394] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 3.96 (d, 2H) , 2.33 (m, 4H) , 1.65 (m, 5H) , 1.50-1.26 (m, 32H) , 0.88 (t, 6H) . LCMS (ESI) : 425.7 m / z. Chemical Formula: C26H50O4
[0395] Synthesize for isocyanide compounds (-NC) (A1 to A12)
[0396] Table 6 -List of isocyanide compounds A
[0397] A1: 1-isocyanoundecane
[0398] 1-isocyanoundecane was synthesized by the same procedure as our previous work described 1, 2. In a 250 mL round-bottomed flask, a mixture of 82.75 ml of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 2.2511 g of solid sodium formate was stirred to create a suspension. Concurrently, a solution of acetyl chloride (1.0 M) in dichloromethane (34.755 mL) was slowly added dropwise to the above-prepared suspension. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 hours, yielding reaction solution 1. Subsequently, compound undecan-1-amine was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and added dropwise to reaction solution 1, followed by stirring at room temperature for an additional 4 hours to obtain reaction solution 2. Reaction solution 2 was then diluted with 125 ml of deionized water, and the aqueous phase was extracted twice with 240 ml of ethyl acetate (120 ml each time) . The resulting extract underwent drying with anhydrous magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) for 0.5 hours, followed by spin-drying to yield the crude N-undecylformamide. To the crude N-undecylformamide product, a solution of THF (50 mL) was added to a 100 mL round-bottomed flask, and the mixture was placed in an ice bath at 0℃. After stirring for 10 minutes, triethylamine (TEA) was introduced, and the mixture was stirred for an additional 15 minutes in the ice bath to obtain reaction solution 1. In a separate preparation, solution 1 was formed by combining THF (12.9 mL) and phosphorus oxychloride (3.519 g) . Under ice bath conditions, solution 1 was gradually added dropwise to reaction solution 1 using a constant pressure-dropping funnel. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred for 1.5 hours. To dilute and wash the mixture, 65 mL of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution was added, and the washed solution was extracted twice with 130 mL of ether (65 mL each time) . The combined extracts were treated with anhydrous MgSO4, stirred, and dried for 0.5 hours. The solvent was then removed by rotary evaporation, and the crude product was purified using a column with a Hexane / ethyl acetate system to afford the compound A1 as a yellowish oil (Yield 83%) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 3.42 –3.27 (m, 2H) , 1.63 –1.52 (m, 2H) , 1.31 –1.24 (m, 16H) , 0.88 –0.86 (m, 3H) . MS (m / z) : MW calc’ d for C12H23N (M + H+) : 181.18, found: 181.68.
[0399] A2: 1-isocyanododecane
[0400] Same method as A1 to afford the compound A2 as a yellowish oil (Yield 75%) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 3.49 –3.22 (m, 2H) , 1.72 –1.57 (m, 2H) , 1.50 –1.34 (m, 2H) , 1.26 (d, J = 10.0 Hz, 16H) , 0.89 –0.84 (m, 3H) . MS (m / z) : MW calc’ d for C13H25N (M + H+) : 195.20, found: 195.35.
[0401] A3: 1-isocyanohexadecane
[0402] Same method as A1 to afford the compound A3 as a yellowish oil (Yield 78%) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 3.45 –3.26 (m, 2H) , 1.66 (ddtt, J = 11.4, 6.7, 4.6, 2.3 Hz, 2H) , 1.46 –1.38 (m, 2H) , 1.26 (d, J = 11.1 Hz, 24H) , 0.87 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 3H) . MS (m / z) : MW calc’ d for C17H33N (M + H+) : 251.26, found: 251.67.
[0403] A4: (Z) -1-isocyanooctadec-9-ene
[0404] Same method as A1 to afford the compound A4 as a yellowish oil (Yield 72%) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 5.41 –5.21 (m, 2H) , 3.45 –3.29 (m, 2H) , 1.99 (dq, J = 14.2, 6.0 Hz, 3H) , 1.66 (ddd, J = 8.4, 5.6, 3.4 Hz, 2H) , 1.48 –1.35 (m, 2H) , 1.28 (dt, J = 17.3, 6.2 Hz, 20H) , 0.92 –0.84 (m, 3H) . MS (m / z) : MW calc’d for C19H35N (M + H+) : 277.28, found: 277.47.
[0405] A5:
[0406] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 3.38 (t, 2H) , 1.65 (m, 2H) , 1.29 (m, 22H) , 0.88 (t, 3H) . LCMS (ESI) : 224.1 m / z. Chemical Formula: C15H29N.
[0407] A6:
[0408] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 4.08 (t, 2H) , 3.40 (t, 2H) , 2.30 (m, 1H) , 1.80 (m, 2H) , 1.66-1.25 (m, 32H) , 0.88 (t, 6H) . LCMS (ESI) : 366.2 m / z. Chemical Formula: C23H43NO2
[0409] A7:
[0410] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 4.47 (m, 1H) , 3.38 (t, 2H) , 2.29 (t, 2H) , 1.65 (m, 4H) , 1.50-1.26 (m, 34H) , 0.88 (t, 6H) . LCMS (ESI) : 408.3 m / z. Chemical Formula: C26H49NO2
[0411] A8:
[0412] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 4.21 (t, 2H) , 3.51 (t, 2H) , 2.25 (d, 2H) , 2.02 (m, 2H) , 1.83 (m, 1H) , 1.42-1.14 (m, 32H) , 0.88 (t, 6H) . LCMS (ESI) : 394.2 m / z. Chemical Formula: C25H47NO2 A9:
[0413] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 4.10 (t, 2H) , 3.38 (t, 2H) , 2.31 (m, 2H) , 1.67 (m, 5H) , 1.44-1.20 (m, 16H) , 0.88 (t, 6H) . LCMS (ESI) : 296.1 m / z. Chemical Formula: C18H33NO2
[0414] A10:
[0415] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 4.47 (m, 2H) , 3.38 (t, 2H) , 2.29 (t, 2H) , 2.09 (m, 1H) , 1.65 (m, 4H) , 1.50-1.26 (m, 18H) , 0.88 (t, 3H) , 0.80 (t, 3H) . LCMS (ESI) : 310.1 m / z. Chemical Formula: C19H35NO2
[0416] A11:
[0417] Dissolve Boc-8-aminooctanoic acid (1.9179 g, 1.45 eq) , 3-decanol (0.8788 g, 1 eq) , dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (1.0523 g, 1 eq) , and 4- (dimethylamino) pyridine (0.0623 g, 0.1 eq) in a 250 mL single ended flask containing 50 mL of DCM, and stir thoroughly at room temperature for 18 hours. After the reaction is completed, the solvent is removed under vacuum and the residue (0-10%EA of PE) is purified through a rapid column. Dissolve the product in 10 mL DCM after passing through the column, then slowly add 10 mL TFA and stir thoroughly for 3 hours. After the reaction is complete, add 20 mL of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, extract three times with DCM, dry with anhydrous Na2SO4, filter, and remove solvent by rotary evaporation to obtain crude 8-aminooctanoic acid heptadecane-9 ester. Take 8-aminooctanoic acid heptaden-9 ester (3.1020 g, 1 eq) , sodium chlorodifluoroacetate (1.4740 g, 2 eq) , and potassium carbonate (2.1560 g, 2 eq) into a 500 mL single necked bottle. Add 100 mL of DMF, replace nitrogen gas, heat up, and stir in an oil bath at 100 ℃ for 12 hours. Bring to room temperature, add 100 mL of dichloromethane, wash four times with plenty of deionized water, wash once with saturated salt water, and dry with anhydrous sodium sulfate. Vacuum remove the solvent and purify the residue (0-10%EA of PE) through a rapid column.
[0418] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 4.47 (m, 1H) , 3.38 (t, 2H) , 2.29 (t, 2H) , 1.65 (m, 4H) , 1.50-1.26 (m, 22H) , 0.88 (m, 6H) . LCMS (ESI) : 324.1 m / z. Chemical Formula: C20H37NO2
[0419] A12: 1-isocyanooctadecane
[0420] 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 3.48 -3.23 (m, 2H) , 1.73 -1.61 (m, 2H) , 1.46 -1.37 (m, 2H) , 1.25 (s, 28H) , 0.91 -0.84 (m, 3H) .
[0421] Synthesize for Aldehyde compounds (-CHO) (B1 to B12)
[0422] Table 7 -List of Aldehyde compounds B
[0423] B1: decanal
[0424] To create the decanal, dissolve the decanol in DCM and add 1.2 times the amount of Dess–Martin periodinane (DMP) for 2h. After the solvent was removed by rotary evaporation under a vacuum, it was purified through the column (Hexane / EA= 80: 20) to afford the compound B1 as a colorless oil (Yield 85%) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.76 (t, J = 1.9 Hz, 1H) , 2.42 (td, J = 7.4, 1.9 Hz, 2H) , 1.62 (p, J =7.2 Hz, 2H) , 1.41 –1.14 (m, 12H) , 0.99 –0.68 (m, 3H) . MS (m / z) : MW calc’ d for C10H20O (M + H+) : 156.15, found: 156.22.
[0425] B2: olealdehyde
[0426] Same method as B1 to afford the compound B2 as a colorless oil (Yield 82%) .
[0427] 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.75 (t, J = 1.9 Hz, 1H) , δ 5.51 –5.20 (m, 2H) , 2.39 (dt, J = 36.8, 7.5 Hz, 2H) , 2.19 –1.86 (m, 4H) , 1.62 (q, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H) , 1.42 –1.14 (m, 20H) , 0.91 –0.83 (m, 3H) . MS (m / z) : MW calc’ d for C18H34O (M + H+) : 266.26, found: 266.42.
[0428] B3: 6-oxohexyl dodecanoate
[0429] Dissolve dodecanoic acid (2.0 g, 7.80mmol) , hexane-1, 6-diol (1.84 g, 15.60mmol) , N, N'-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) (2.41 g, 11.70 mmol) , and 4- (dimethylamino) pyridine (DMAP) (95.29 mg, 779.94μmol) in order in a 100 mL round-bottomed flask containing 50 mL DCM and mix well at room temperature for 24 hours. To create the aldehyde, dissolve the intermediate in DCM and add 1.2 times the amount of DMP for 2h. After the solvent was removed by rotary evaporation under a vacuum, it was purified through the column (Hexane / EA= 80: 20) to afford the compound B3 as a colorless oil (Yield 78%) .
[0430] 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.76 (t, J = 1.7 Hz, 1H) , 4.06 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H) , 2.45 (td, J = 7.3, 1.7 Hz, 2H) , 2.28 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H) , 1.75 –1.54 (m, 6H) , 1.44 –1.36 (m, 2H) , 1.30 –1.21 (m, 16H) , 0.88 (dd, J = 6.7, 1.7 Hz, 3H) . MS (m / z) : MW calc’ d for C18H34O3 (M + H+) : 298.25, found: 298.33.
[0431] B4: 6-oxohexyl 2-hexyl decanoate
[0432] Same method as B3 to afford the compound B4 as a colorless oil (Yield 67%) .
[0433] 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.76 (t, J = 1.7 Hz, 1H) , 4.06 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H) , 2.44 (td, J = 7.3, 1.6 Hz, 2H) , 2.30 (tt, J = 9.0, 5.3 Hz, 1H) , 1.76 –1.54 (m, 6H) , 1.42 –1.21 (m, 23H) , 0.88 –0.83 (m, 6H) . MS (m / z) : MW calc’ d for C22H42O3 (M + H+) : 354.31, found: 354.58.
[0434] All others were obtained from vendors.
[0435] Example 2. High-throughput combinatorial synthesis of lipid compounds
[0436] In the Example, the library of isonitrile compounds consisting of the following compounds:
[0437] The library of aldehyde compounds consisting of the following compounds:
[0438] The library of carboxylic acid compounds consisting of the following compounds:
[0439] The reactants used in the Example was prepared according to the procedure as previously described, or commercially available chemicals, for example purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and TCI America.
[0440] A lipid library consisting of 5*4*5 = 100 lipid compounds were constructed and subject to LNP formulation and in vitro transfection.
[0441] Example 3. High-throughput combinatorial synthesis of lipid compounds
[0442] In the Example, the library of isonitrile compounds consisting of the following compounds:
[0443] The library of aldehyde compounds consisting of the following compounds:
[0444] The library of carboxylic acid compounds consisting of the following compounds:
[0445] The reactants used in the Example was prepared according to the procedure as previously described, or commercially available chemicals, for example purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and TCI America.
[0446] A lipid library consisting of 6*5*3 = 90 lipid compounds were constructed and subject to LNP formulation and in vitro transfection.
[0447] The structures of each of these 90 lipids are shown in Table 2 Lipids 1-90, and named as below in Table 8.
[0448] Table 8 -Names of Lipids 1-90
[0449] Example 4: High-throughput combinatorial synthesis of lipid compounds
[0450] In the Example, the library of isonitrile compounds consisting of the following compounds:
[0451] The library of aldehyde compounds consisting of the following compounds:
[0452] The library of carboxylic acid compounds consisting of the following compounds:
[0453] The reactants used in the Example was prepared according to the procedure as previously described, or commercially available chemicals, for example purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and TCI America.
[0454] A lipid library consisting of 4*4*9 = 144 lipid compounds were constructed and subject to LNP formulation and in vitro and in vivo experiments as detailed in Examples 12-13.
[0455] The structures of each of these 90 lipids are shown in Table 4. The ionizable lipid compounds and LNP formulated therefrom were characterized as shown in Table 9.
[0456] Table 9 -Physicochemical properties and characterization data for ionizable lipid and corresponding LNPs
[0457] Example 5. Preparation of (Z) -6- ( (3- (dimethylamino) propanoyl) oxy) -7- (octadec-9-en-1-ylamino) -7-oxoheptyl dodecanoate (Lipid H2A4B3)
[0458] The synthesis of Example 5 is the same as above. A mixture of 3- (dimethylamino) propanoic acid (30 mg, 256.09 μmol) , (Z) -1-isocyanooctadec-9-ene (71.06 mg, 256.09 μmol) and 6-oxohexyl dodecanoate (76.43 mg, 256.09 μmol) in anhydrous solvent DCM (1 mL) and was stirred in capped glass vials at room temperature for 12 h. Purification with a gradient (1%Ammonia, 10%MeOH, 89%DCM) and getting the final product as a colourless oil (Yield: 150 mg, 84%) . Rf = 0.4 (Ammonia / MeOH / DCM=1: 10: 89) .
[0459] 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 5.34 (ddt, J = 5.5, 3.7, 1.8 Hz, 2H) , 5.26 -5.08 (m, 1H) , 4.05 (td, J =4.1, 2.1 Hz, 2H) , 3.34 -2.99 (m, 4H) , 2.68 -2.42 (m, 2H) , 2.34 -2.20 (m, 6H) , 2.00 (q, J = 6.5 Hz, 7H) , 1.15-1.55 (m, 50H) , 0.87 -0.86 (m, 6H) . MS (m / z) : [M+H] + calc’ d for C42H81N2O5+ 694.11, found: 694.80.
[0460] Example 6. Preparation of (Z) -6- ( (3- (dimethylamino) propanoyl) oxy) -7- (octadec-9-en-1-ylamino) -7-oxoheptyl 2-hexyldecanoate (Lipid H2A4B4)
[0461] The synthesis of Example 6 through 3CR-Passerini reaction. A mixture of 3- (dimethylamine) propanoic acid (30 mg, 256.09 μmol) , (Z) -1-isocyanooctadec-9-ene (71.06 mg, 256.09 μmol) and 6-oxohexyl 2-hexyl decanoate (90.8 mg, 256.09 μmol) in anhydrous solvent DCM (1 mL) and was stirred in capped glass vials at room temperature for 12 h. Further purification is achieved by flash column chromatography on a Combiflash system eluting with a gradient (1%Ammonia, 10%MeOH, 89%DCM) and getting the final product as a colourless oil (Yield: 152 mg, 78%) . Rf = 0.4 (Ammonia / MeOH / DCM=1: 10: 89) .
[0462] 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 5.32 (d, J = 16.3 Hz, 2H) , 5.20 (dd, J = 7.9, 3.7 Hz, 1H) , 4.07 -4.04 (m, 2H) , 3.72 -3.45 (m, 2H) , 3.21 (dd, J = 45.0, 7.5 Hz, 2H) , 2.56 -2.37 (m, 2H) , 2.34 -2.20 (m, 8H) , 2.07 -1.88 (m, 5H) , 1.25 (m, 49H) , 0.92 -0.83 (m, 9H) . MS (m / z) : [M+H] + calc’ d for C46H88N2O5+750.22, found: 750.55.
[0463] Example 7. Preparation of (Z) -6- ( (4- (dimethylamino) butanoyl) oxy) -7- (octadec-9-en-1- ylamino) -7-oxoheptyl 2-hexyldecanoate (Lipid H18A4B4)
[0464] The synthesis of Example 7 is the same as above. A mixture of 5- (dimethylamino) pentanoic acid (30 mg, 206.6 μmol) , (Z) -1-isocyanooctadec-9-ene (57.33 mg, 206.6 μmol) and 6-oxohexyl dodecanoate (73.26 mg, 206.6 μmol) in anhydrous solvent DCM or THF (1 mL) and was stirred in capped glass vials at room temperature for 12 h. Purification with a gradient (1%Ammonia, 10%MeOH, 89%DCM) and getting the final product as a colorless oil (Yield: 136 mg, 84%) . Rf = 0.4 (Ammonia / MeOH / DCM=1: 10: 89) .
[0465] 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.22 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 1H) , 5.40 (q, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H) , 4.23 -3.66 (m, 2H) , 3.30 (dq, J = 34.7, 6.8 Hz, 4H) , 2.47 -1.78 (m, 9H) , 1.73 -1.23 (m, 65H) , 1.02 -0.72 (m, 9H) . MS (m / z) : [M+H] + calc’ d for C48H92N2O5+ 777.70, found: 777.82.
[0466] Example 8. Preparation of (Z) -6- ( (5- (dimethylamino) pentanoyl) oxy) -7- (octadec-9-en-1-ylamino) -7-oxoheptyl 2-hexyldecanoate (Lipid H19A4B4)
[0467] The synthesis of Example 8 is the same as above. A mixture of 5- (dimethylamino) pentanoic acid (30 mg, 206.6 μmol) , (Z) -1-isocyanooctadec-9-ene (57.33 mg, 206.6 μmol) and 6-oxohexyl dodecanoate (73.26 mg, 206.6 μmol) in anhydrous solvent DCM (1 mL) and was stirred in capped glass vials at room temperature for 12 h. Purification with a gradient (1%Ammonia, 10%MeOH, 89%DCM) and getting the final product as a colorless oil (Yield: 136 mg, 84%) . Rf = 0.4 (Ammonia / MeOH / DCM=1: 10: 89) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.22 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 1H) , 5.40 (q, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H) , 4.23 -3.66 (m, 2H) , 3.30 (dq, J = 34.7, 6.8 Hz, 4H) , 2.47 -1.78 (m, 9H) , 1.73 -1.23 (m, 65H) , 1.02 -0.72 (m, 9H) . MS (m / z) : [M+H] + calc’ d for C48H92N2O5+ 777.70, found: 777.82.
[0468] Example 9: Synthesis of Lipid compounds Lipid 91 -196
[0469] Lipid 91
[0470] 3- (dimethylamino) propanal (1.0 mmol) , tetradecanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 1-isocyanotetradecane (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0471] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.72 (s, 1H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 4H) , 2.05 (m, 6H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 44H) , 0.88 (t, 6H) .
[0472] Lipid 92
[0473] 3- (dimethylamino) propanal (1.0 mmol) , (9Z, 12Z) -octadeca-9, 12-dienoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 1-isocyanotetradecane (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0474] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.72 (s, 1H) , 5.34 (m, 4H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.70 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 4H) , 2.05 (m, 10H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 38H) , 0.88 (t, 6H) .
[0475] Lipid 94
[0476] 3- (dimethylamino) propanal (1.0 mmol) , 8-oxo-8- (undecan-3-yloxy) octanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 1-isocyanotetradecane (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0477] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.72 (s, 1H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 4.81 (t, 1H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 6H) , 2.05 (m, 6H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 46H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0478] Lipid 95
[0479] 3- (dimethylamino) propanal (1.0 mmol) , 8- ( (2-methylnonyl) oxy) -8-oxooctanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 1-isocyanotetradecane (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0480] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.72 (s, 1H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 3.95 (m, 1H) , 3.82 (m, 1H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 7H) , 2.05 (m, 6H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 42H) , 0.91 (m, 3H) , 0.88 (t, 6H) .
[0481] Lipid 97
[0482] 3- (dimethylamino) propanal (1.0 mmol) , 8- (non-2-yn-1-yloxy) -8-oxooctanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 1-isocyanotetradecane (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0483] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.72 (s, 1H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 4.67 (s, 1H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 8H) , 2.05 (m, 6H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 38H) , 0.88 (t, 6H) .
[0484] Lipid 98
[0485] 3- (dimethylamino) propanal (1.0 mmol) , 7- ( (2-hexyldecanoyl) oxy) heptanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 1-isocyanotetradecane (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0486] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.72 (s, 1H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 4.05 (t, 2H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 5H) , 2.05 (m, 6H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 54H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0487] Lipid 99
[0488] 3- (dimethylamino) propanal (1.0 mmol) , 8- (heptadecan-9-yloxy) -8-oxooctanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 1-isocyanotetradecane (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0489] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.72 (s, 1H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 4.86 (s, 1H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 6H) , 2.05 (m, 6H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 58H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0490] Lipid 100
[0491] 3- (dimethylamino) propanal (1.0 mmol) , 6- ( (2-octyldodecyl) oxy) -6-oxohexanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 1-isocyanotetradecane (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0492] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.72 (s, 1H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 3.98 (d, 2H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 8H) , 2.05 (m, 6H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 57H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0493] Lipid 101
[0494] 3- (dimethylamino) propanal (1.0 mmol) , tetradecanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , (Z) -1-isocyanooctadec-9- ene (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0495] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.72 (s, 1H) , 5.34 (m, 2H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 4H) , 2.05 (m, 10H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 44H) , 0.88 (t, 6H) .
[0496] Lipid 102
[0497] 3- (dimethylamino) propanal (1.0 mmol) , (9Z, 12Z) -octadeca-9, 12-dienoic acid (1.0 mmol) , (Z) -1-isocyanooctadec-9-ene (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0498] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.72 (s, 1H) , 5.34 (m, 6H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.70 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 4H) , 2.05 (m, 14H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 38H) , 0.88 (t, 6H) .
[0499] Lipid 104
[0500] 3- (dimethylamino) propanal (1.0 mmol) , 8-oxo-8- (undecan-3-yloxy) octanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , (Z) -1-isocyanooctadec-9-ene (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0501] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.72 (s, 1H) , 5.34 (m, 2H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 4.81 (t, 1H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 6H) , 2.05 (m, 10H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 46H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0502] Lipid 105
[0503] 3- (dimethylamino) propanal (1.0 mmol) , 8- ( (2-methylnonyl) oxy) -8-oxooctanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , (Z) -1-isocyanooctadec-9-ene (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0504] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.72 (s, 1H) , 5.34 (m, 2H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 3.95 (m, 1H) , 3.82 (m, 1H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 7H) , 2.05 (m, 10H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 42H) , 0.91 (m, 3H) , 0.88 (t, 6H) .
[0505] Lipid 107
[0506] 3- (dimethylamino) propanal (1.0 mmol) , 8- (non-2-yn-1-yloxy) -8-oxooctanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , (Z) -1-isocyanooctadec-9-ene (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0507] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.72 (s, 1H) , 5.34 (m, 2H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 4.67 (s, 1H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 8H) , 2.05 (m, 10H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 38H) , 0.88 (t, 6H) .
[0508] Lipid 108
[0509] 3- (dimethylamino) propanal (1.0 mmol) , 7- ( (2-hexyldecanoyl) oxy) heptanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , (Z) -1-isocyanooctadec-9-ene (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0510] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.72 (s, 1H) , 5.34 (m, 2H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 4.05 (t, 2H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 5H) , 2.05 (m, 10H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 54H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0511] Lipid 109
[0512] 3- (dimethylamino) propanal (1.0 mmol) , 8- (heptadecan-9-yloxy) -8-oxooctanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , (Z) -1-isocyanooctadec-9-ene (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0513] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.72 (s, 1H) , 5.34 (m, 2H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 4.86 (s, 1H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 6H) , 2.05 (m, 10H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 58H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0514] Lipid 110
[0515] 3- (dimethylamino) propanal (1.0 mmol) , 6- ( (2-octyldodecyl) oxy) -6-oxohexanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , (Z) -1-isocyanooctadec-9-ene (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0516] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.72 (s, 1H) , 5.34 (m, 2H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 3.98 (d, 2H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 8H) , 2.05 (m, 10H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 57H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0517] Lipid 111
[0518] 3- (dimethylamino) propanal (1.0 mmol) , tetradecanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 6-isocyanohexyl 2-hexyldecanoate (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0519] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.72 (s, 1H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 4.05 (t, 2H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 5H) , 2.05 (m, 6H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 52H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0520] Lipid 112
[0521] 3- (dimethylamino) propanal (1.0 mmol) , (9Z, 12Z) -octadeca-9, 12-dienoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 6-isocyanohexyl 2-hexyldecanoate (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0522] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.72 (s, 1H) , 5.34 (m, 4H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 4.05 (t, 2H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.70 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 5H) , 2.05 (m, 10H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 46H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0523] Lipid 114
[0524] 3- (dimethylamino) propanal (1.0 mmol) , tetradecanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , heptadecan-9-yl 8-isocyanooctanoate (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0525] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.72 (s, 1H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 4.86 (m, 1H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 6H) , 2.05 (m, 6H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 58H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0526] Lipid 115
[0527] 3- (dimethylamino) propanal (1.0 mmol) , (9Z, 12Z) -octadeca-9, 12-dienoic acid (1.0 mmol) , heptadecan-9-yl 8-isocyanooctanoate (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0528] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.72 (s, 1H) , 5.34 (m, 4H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 4.86 (m, 1H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.70 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 6H) , 2.05 (m, 10H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 52H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0529] Lipid 117
[0530] 3- (dimethylamino) propanal (1.0 mmol) , tetradecanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 3-isocyanopropyl 3-octyltridecanoate (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0531] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.72 (s, 1H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 4.05 (t, 2H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 6H) , 2.05 (m, 7H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 54H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0532] Lipid 118
[0533] 3- (dimethylamino) propanal (1.0 mmol) , (9Z, 12Z) -octadeca-9, 12-dienoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 3-isocyanopropyl 3-octyltridecanoate (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0534] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.72 (s, 1H) , 5.34 (m, 4H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 4.05 (t, 2H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.70 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 6H) , 2.05 (m, 11H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 48H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0535] Lipid 121
[0536] 4- (dimethylamino) butanal (1.0 mmol) , tetradecanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 1-isocyanotetradecane (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0537] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.00 (s, 1H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 4H) , 2.05 (m, 6H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 46H) , 0.88 (t, 6H) .
[0538] Lipid 122
[0539] 4- (dimethylamino) butanal (1.0 mmol) , (9Z, 12Z) -octadeca-9, 12-dienoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 1-isocyanotetradecane (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0540] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.00 (s, 1H) , 5.34 (m, 4H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.70 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 4H) , 2.05 (m, 10H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 40H) , 0.88 (t, 6H) .
[0541] Lipid 124
[0542] 4- (dimethylamino) butanal (1.0 mmol) , 8-oxo-8- (undecan-3-yloxy) octanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 1-isocyanotetradecane (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0543] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.00 (s, 1H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 4.81 (t, 1H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 6H) , 2.05 (m, 6H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 48H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0544] Lipid 125
[0545] 4- (dimethylamino) butanal (1.0 mmol) , 8- ( (2-methylnonyl) oxy) -8-oxooctanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 1-isocyanotetradecane (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0546] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.00 (s, 1H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 3.95 (m, 1H) , 3.82 (m, 1H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 7H) , 2.05 (m, 6H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 44H) , 0.91 (m, 3H) , 0.88 (t, 6H) .
[0547] Lipid 127
[0548] 4- (dimethylamino) butanal (1.0 mmol) , 8- (non-2-yn-1-yloxy) -8-oxooctanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 1-isocyanotetradecane (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0549] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.00 (s, 1H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 4.67 (s, 1H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 8H) , 2.05 (m, 6H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 40H) , 0.88 (t, 6H) .
[0550] Lipid 128
[0551] 4- (dimethylamino) butanal (1.0 mmol) , 7- ( (2-hexyldecanoyl) oxy) heptanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 1-isocyanotetradecane (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0552] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.00 (s, 1H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 4.05 (t, 2H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 5H) , 2.05 (m, 6H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 56H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0553] Lipid 129
[0554] 4- (dimethylamino) butanal (1.0 mmol) , 8- (heptadecan-9-yloxy) -8-oxooctanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 1-isocyanotetradecane (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0555] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.00 (s, 1H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 4.86 (s, 1H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 6H) , 2.05 (m, 6H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 60H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0556] Lipid 130
[0557] 4- (dimethylamino) butanal (1.0 mmol) , 6- ( (2-octyldodecyl) oxy) -6-oxohexanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 1-isocyanotetradecane (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0558] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.00 (s, 1H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 3.98 (d, 2H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 8H) , 2.05 (m, 6H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 59H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0559] Lipid 131
[0560] 4- (dimethylamino) butanal (1.0 mmol) , tetradecanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , (Z) -1-isocyanooctadec-9-ene (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0561] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.00 (s, 1H) , 5.34 (m, 2H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 4H) , 2.05 (m, 10H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 46H) , 0.88 (t, 6H) .
[0562] Lipid 132
[0563] 4- (dimethylamino) butanal (1.0 mmol) , (9Z, 12Z) -octadeca-9, 12-dienoic acid (1.0 mmol) , (Z) -1-isocyanooctadec-9-ene (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0564] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.00 (s, 1H) , 5.34 (m, 6H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.70 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 4H) , 2.05 (m, 14H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 40H) , 0.88 (t, 6H) .
[0565] Lipid 134
[0566] 4- (dimethylamino) butanal (1.0 mmol) , 8-oxo-8- (undecan-3-yloxy) octanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , (Z) -1-isocyanooctadec-9-ene (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0567] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.00 (s, 1H) , 5.34 (m, 2H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 4.81 (t, 1H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 6H) , 2.05 (m, 10H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 48H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0568] Lipid 135
[0569] 4- (dimethylamino) butanal (1.0 mmol) , 8- ( (2-methylnonyl) oxy) -8-oxooctanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , (Z) -1-isocyanooctadec-9-ene (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0570] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.00 (s, 1H) , 5.34 (m, 2H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 3.95 (m, 1H) , 3.82 (m, 1H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 7H) , 2.05 (m, 10H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 44H) , 0.91 (m, 3H) , 0.88 (t, 6H) .
[0571] Lipid 137
[0572] 4- (dimethylamino) butanal (1.0 mmol) , 8- (non-2-yn-1-yloxy) -8-oxooctanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , (Z) -1-isocyanooctadec-9-ene (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0573] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.00 (s, 1H) , 5.34 (m, 2H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 4.67 (s, 1H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 8H) , 2.05 (m, 10H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 40H) , 0.88 (t, 6H) .
[0574] Lipid 138
[0575] 4- (dimethylamino) butanal (1.0 mmol) , 7- ( (2-hexyldecanoyl) oxy) heptanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , (Z) -1-isocyanooctadec-9-ene (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0576] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.00 (s, 1H) , 5.34 (m, 2H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 4.05 (t, 2H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 5H) , 2.05 (m, 10H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 56H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0577] Lipid 139
[0578] 4- (dimethylamino) butanal (1.0 mmol) , 8- (heptadecan-9-yloxy) -8-oxooctanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , (Z) -1-isocyanooctadec-9-ene (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0579] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.00 (s, 1H) , 5.34 (m, 2H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 4.86 (s, 1H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 6H) , 2.05 (m, 10H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 60H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0580] Lipid 140
[0581] 4- (dimethylamino) butanal (1.0 mmol) , 6- ( (2-octyldodecyl) oxy) -6-oxohexanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , (Z) -1-isocyanooctadec-9-ene (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0582] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.00 (s, 1H) , 5.34 (m, 2H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 3.98 (d, 2H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 8H) , 2.05 (m, 10H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 59H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0583] Lipid 141
[0584] 4- (dimethylamino) butanal (1.0 mmol) , tetradecanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 6-isocyanohexyl 2-hexyldecanoate (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0585] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.00 (s, 1H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 4.05 (t, 2H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 5H) , 2.05 (m, 6H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 54H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0586] Lipid 142
[0587] 4- (dimethylamino) butanal (1.0 mmol) , (9Z, 12Z) -octadeca-9, 12-dienoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 6-isocyanohexyl 2-hexyldecanoate (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0588] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.00 (s, 1H) , 5.34 (m, 4H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 4.05 (t, 2H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.70 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 5H) , 2.05 (m, 10H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 48H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0589] Lipid 144
[0590] 4- (dimethylamino) butanal (1.0 mmol) , tetradecanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , heptadecan-9-yl 8- isocyanooctanoate (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0591] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.00 (s, 1H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 4.86 (m, 1H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 6H) , 2.05 (m, 6H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 60H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0592] Lipid 145
[0593] 4- (dimethylamino) butanal (1.0 mmol) , (9Z, 12Z) -octadeca-9, 12-dienoic acid (1.0 mmol) , heptadecan-9-yl 8-isocyanooctanoate (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0594] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.00 (s, 1H) , 5.34 (m, 4H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 4.86 (m, 1H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.70 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 6H) , 2.05 (m, 10H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 54H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0595] Lipid 147
[0596] 4- (dimethylamino) butanal (1.0 mmol) , tetradecanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 3-isocyanopropyl 3-octyltridecanoate (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0597] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.00 (s, 1H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 4.05 (t, 2H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 6H) , 2.05 (m, 7H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 56H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0598] Lipid 148
[0599] 4- (dimethylamino) butanal (1.0 mmol) , (9Z, 12Z) -octadeca-9, 12-dienoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 3-isocyanopropyl 3-octyltridecanoate (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0600] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.00 (s, 1H) , 5.34 (m, 4H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 4.05 (t, 2H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.70 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 6H) , 2.05 (m, 11H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 50H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0601] Lipid 151
[0602] 4- (dimethylamino) butan-2-one (1.0 mmol) , tetradecanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 1-isocyanotetradecane (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0603] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 5.91 (s, 1H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 4H) , 2.05 (m, 6H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 47H) , 0.88 (t, 6H) .
[0604] Lipid 152
[0605] 4- (dimethylamino) butan-2-one (1.0 mmol) , (9Z, 12Z) -octadeca-9, 12-dienoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 1-isocyanotetradecane (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0606] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 5.91 (s, 1H) , 5.34 (m, 4H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.70 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 4H) , 2.05 (m, 10H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 41H) , 0.88 (t, 6H) .
[0607] Lipid 154
[0608] 4- (dimethylamino) butan-2-one (1.0 mmol) , 8-oxo-8- (undecan-3-yloxy) octanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 1-isocyanotetradecane (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0609] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 5.91 (s, 1H) , 4.81 (t, 1H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 6H) , 2.05 (m, 6H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 49H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0610] Lipid 155
[0611] 4- (dimethylamino) butan-2-one (1.0 mmol) , 8- ( (2-methylnonyl) oxy) -8-oxooctanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 1-isocyanotetradecane (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0612] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 5.91 (s, 1H) , 3.95 (m, 1H) , 3.82 (m, 1H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 7H) , 2.05 (m, 6H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 45H) , 0.91 (m, 3H) , 0.88 (t, 6H) .
[0613] Lipid 157
[0614] 4- (dimethylamino) butan-2-one (1.0 mmol) , 8- (non-2-yn-1-yloxy) -8-oxooctanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 1-isocyanotetradecane (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0615] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 5.91 (s, 1H) , 4.67 (s, 1H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 8H) , 2.05 (m, 6H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 41H) , 0.88 (t, 6H) .
[0616] Lipid 158
[0617] 4- (dimethylamino) butan-2-one (1.0 mmol) , 7- ( (2-hexyldecanoyl) oxy) heptanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 1-isocyanotetradecane (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0618] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 5.91 (s, 1H) , 4.05 (t, 2H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 5H) , 2.05 (m, 6H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 57H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0619] Lipid 159
[0620] 4- (dimethylamino) butan-2-one (1.0 mmol) , 8- (heptadecan-9-yloxy) -8-oxooctanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 1-isocyanotetradecane (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0621] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 5.91 (s, 1H) , 4.86 (s, 1H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 6H) , 2.05 (m, 6H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 61H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0622] Lipid 160
[0623] 4- (dimethylamino) butan-2-one (1.0 mmol) , 6- ( (2-octyldodecyl) oxy) -6-oxohexanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 1-isocyanotetradecane (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0624] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 5.91 (s, 1H) , 3.98 (d, 2H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 8H) , 2.05 (m, 6H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 60H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0625] Lipid 161
[0626] 4- (dimethylamino) butan-2-one (1.0 mmol) , tetradecanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , (Z) -1-isocyanooctadec-9-ene (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0627] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 5.91 (s, 1H) , 5.34 (m, 2H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 4H) , 2.05 (m, 10H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 47H) , 0.88 (t, 6H) .
[0628] Lipid 162
[0629] 4- (dimethylamino) butan-2-one (1.0 mmol) , (9Z, 12Z) -octadeca-9, 12-dienoic acid (1.0 mmol) , (Z) - 1-isocyanooctadec-9-ene (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0630] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 5.91 (s, 1H) , 5.34 (m, 6H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.70 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 4H) , 2.05 (m, 14H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 41H) , 0.88 (t, 6H) .
[0631] Lipid 164
[0632] 4- (dimethylamino) butan-2-one (1.0 mmol) , 8-oxo-8- (undecan-3-yloxy) octanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , (Z) -1-isocyanooctadec-9-ene (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0633] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 5.91 (s, 1H) , 5.34 (m, 2H) , 4.81 (t, 1H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 6H) , 2.05 (m, 10H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 49H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0634] Lipid 165
[0635] 4- (dimethylamino) butan-2-one (1.0 mmol) , 8- ( (2-methylnonyl) oxy) -8-oxooctanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , (Z) -1-isocyanooctadec-9-ene (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0636] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 5.91 (s, 1H) , 5.34 (m, 2H) , 3.95 (m, 1H) , 3.82 (m, 1H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 7H) , 2.05 (m, 10H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 45H) , 0.91 (m, 3H) , 0.88 (t, 6H) .
[0637] Lipid 167
[0638] 4- (dimethylamino) butan-2-one (1.0 mmol) , 8- (non-2-yn-1-yloxy) -8-oxooctanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , (Z) -1-isocyanooctadec-9-ene (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0639] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 5.91 (s, 1H) , 5.34 (m, 2H) , 4.67 (s, 1H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 8H) , 2.05 (m, 10H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 41H) , 0.88 (t, 6H) .
[0640] Lipid 168
[0641] 4- (dimethylamino) butan-2-one (1.0 mmol) , 7- ( (2-hexyldecanoyl) oxy) heptanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , (Z) -1-isocyanooctadec-9-ene (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0642] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 5.91 (s, 1H) , 5.34 (m, 2H) , 4.05 (t, 2H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 5H) , 2.05 (m, 10H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 57H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0643] Lipid 169
[0644] 4- (dimethylamino) butan-2-one (1.0 mmol) , 8- (heptadecan-9-yloxy) -8-oxooctanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , (Z) -1-isocyanooctadec-9-ene (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0645] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 5.91 (s, 1H) , 5.34 (m, 2H) , 4.86 (s, 1H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 6H) , 2.05 (m, 10H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 61H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0646] Lipid 170
[0647] 4- (dimethylamino) butan-2-one (1.0 mmol) , 6- ( (2-octyldodecyl) oxy) -6-oxohexanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , (Z) -1-isocyanooctadec-9-ene (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0648] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 5.91 (s, 1H) , 5.34 (m, 2H) , 3.98 (d, 2H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 8H) , 2.05 (m, 10H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 60H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0649] Lipid 171
[0650] 4- (dimethylamino) butan-2-one (1.0 mmol) , tetradecanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 6-isocyanohexyl 2-hexyldecanoate (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0651] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 5.91 (s, 1H) , 4.05 (t, 2H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 5H) , 2.05 (m, 6H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 55H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0652] Lipid 172
[0653] 4- (dimethylamino) butan-2-one (1.0 mmol) , (9Z, 12Z) -octadeca-9, 12-dienoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 6-isocyanohexyl 2-hexyldecanoate (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0654] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 5.91 (s, 1H) , 5.34 (m, 4H) , 4.05 (t, 2H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.70 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 5H) , 2.05 (m, 10H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 49H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0655] Lipid 174
[0656] 4- (dimethylamino) butan-2-one (1.0 mmol) , tetradecanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , heptadecan-9-yl 8-isocyanooctanoate (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0657] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 5.91 (s, 1H) , 4.86 (m, 1H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 6H) , 2.05 (m, 6H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 61H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0658] Lipid 175
[0659] 4- (dimethylamino) butan-2-one (1.0 mmol) , (9Z, 12Z) -octadeca-9, 12-dienoic acid (1.0 mmol) , heptadecan-9-yl 8-isocyanooctanoate (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0660] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 5.91 (s, 1H) , 5.34 (m, 4H) , 4.86 (m, 1H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.70 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 6H) , 2.05 (m, 10H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 55H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0661] Lipid 177
[0662] 4- (dimethylamino) butan-2-one (1.0 mmol) , tetradecanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 3-isocyanopropyl 3-octyltridecanoate (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0663] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 5.91 (s, 1H) , 4.05 (t, 2H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 6H) , 2.05 (m, 7H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 57H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0664] Lipid 178
[0665] 4- (dimethylamino) butan-2-one (1.0 mmol) , (9Z, 12Z) -octadeca-9, 12-dienoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 3-isocyanopropyl 3-octyltridecanoate (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0666] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 5.91 (s, 1H) , 5.34 (m, 4H) , 4.05 (t, 2H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.70 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 6H) , 2.05 (m, 11H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 51H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0667] Lipid 181
[0668] 7-oxoheptyl 2-hexyldecanoate (1.0 mmol) , 3- (pyrrolidin-1-yl) propanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 6-isocyanohexyl 2-hexyldecanoate (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0669] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.03 (s, 1H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 4.05 (t, 4H) , 3.76 (m, 2H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 6H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 66H) , 0.88 (t, 12H) .
[0670] Lipid 182
[0671] tridecanal (1.0 mmol) , 3- (pyrrolidin-1-yl) propanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 6-isocyanohexyl 2-hexyldecanoate (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0672] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.03 (s, 1H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 4.05 (t, 2H) , 3.76 (m, 2H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 5H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 56H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0673] Lipid 183
[0674] 7-oxoheptyl 2-hexyldecanoate (1.0 mmol) , 3- (pyrrolidin-1-yl) propanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 1-isocyanotetradecane (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0675] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.03 (s, 1H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 4.05 (t, 2H) , 3.76 (m, 2H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 5H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 58H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0676] Lipid 184
[0677] tridecanal (1.0 mmol) , 3- (pyrrolidin-1-yl) propanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 1-isocyanotetradecane (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0678] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.03 (s, 1H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 3.76 (m, 2H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 4H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 48H) , 0.88 (t, 6H) .
[0679] Lipid 185
[0680] 7-oxoheptyl 2-hexyldecanoate (1.0 mmol) , 1-methylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid (1.0 mmol) , 6-isocyanohexyl 2-hexyldecanoate (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0681] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.00 (s, 1H) , 5.17 (s, 1H) , 4.05 (t, 4H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 5H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 69H) , 0.88 (t, 12H) .
[0682] Lipid 186
[0683] tridecanal (1.0 mmol) , 1-methylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid (1.0 mmol) , 6-isocyanohexyl 2-hexyldecanoate (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0684] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.00 (s, 1H) , 5.17 (s, 1H) , 4.05 (t, 2H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 4H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 59H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0685] Lipid 187
[0686] 7-oxoheptyl 2-hexyldecanoate (1.0 mmol) , 1-methylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid (1.0 mmol) , 1-isocyanotetradecane (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0687] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.00 (s, 1H) , 5.17 (s, 1H) , 4.05 (t, 2H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 4H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 61H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0688] Lipid 188
[0689] tridecanal (1.0 mmol) , 1-methylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid (1.0 mmol) , 1-isocyanotetradecane (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0690] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.00 (s, 1H) , 5.17 (s, 1H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 4H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 48H) , 0.88 (t, 6H) .
[0691] Lipid 189
[0692] 7-oxoheptyl 2-hexyldecanoate (1.0 mmol) , 4- (dimethylamino) butanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 6-isocyanohexyl 2-hexyldecanoate (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0693] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.03 (s, 1H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 4.05 (t, 4H) , 3.40 (m, 2H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 6H) , 2.05 (m, 6H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 60H) , 0.88 (t, 12H) .
[0694] Lipid 190
[0695] tridecanal (1.0 mmol) , 4- (dimethylamino) butanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 6-isocyanohexyl 2-hexyldecanoate (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0696] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.03 (s, 1H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 4.05 (t, 2H) , 3.40 (m, 2H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 5H) , 2.05 (m, 6H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 50H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0697] Lipid 191
[0698] 7-oxoheptyl 2-hexyldecanoate (1.0 mmol) , 4- (dimethylamino) butanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 1-isocyanotetradecane (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0699] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.03 (s, 1H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 4.05 (t, 2H) , 3.40 (m, 2H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 5H) , 2.05 (m, 6H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 52H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0700] Lipid 192
[0701] tridecanal (1.0 mmol) , 4- (dimethylamino) butanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 1-isocyanotetradecane (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0702] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.03 (s, 1H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 3.40 (m, 2H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 4H) , 2.05 (m, 6H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 42H) , 0.88 (t, 6H) .
[0703] Lipid 193
[0704] 7-oxoheptyl 2-hexyldecanoate (1.0 mmol) , 3- (dimethylamino) propanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 6-isocyanohexyl 2-hexyldecanoate (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0705] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.03 (s, 1H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 4.05 (t, 4H) , 3.40 (m, 2H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 6H) , 2.05 (m, 6H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 58H) , 0.88 (t, 12H) .
[0706] Lipid 194
[0707] tridecanal (1.0 mmol) , 3- (dimethylamino) propanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 6-isocyanohexyl 2-hexyldecanoate (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0708] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.03 (s, 1H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 4.05 (t, 2H) , 3.40 (m, 2H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 5H) , 2.05 (m, 6H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 48H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0709] Lipid 195
[0710] 7-oxoheptyl 2-hexyldecanoate (1.0 mmol) , 3- (dimethylamino) propanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 1-isocyanotetradecane (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0711] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.03 (s, 1H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 4.05 (t, 2H) , 3.40 (m, 2H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 5H) , 2.05 (m, 6H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 50H) , 0.88 (t, 9H) .
[0712] Lipid 196
[0713] tridecanal (1.0 mmol) , 3- (dimethylamino) propanoic acid (1.0 mmol) , 1-isocyanotetradecane (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 18 h. The reaction solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography (0-10%methanol in dichloromethane or 0-50%EA in PE) .
[0714] 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 6.03 (s, 1H) , 5.19 (s, 1H) , 3.40 (m, 2H) , 3.27 (t, 2H) , 2.40 (m, 4H) , 2.05 (m, 6H) , 1.83 (m, 4H) , 1.51-1.26 (m, 40H) , 0.88 (t, 6H) .
[0715] The structures of each of these 106 lipids are shown in Table 3 Lipids 91-196, and named as below in Table 10.
[0716] Table 10 -Names of Lipids 91-196
[0717] Example 10. in vitro transfection
[0718] The lipid compounds obtained in the Examples above were subject to in vitro assay as following:
[0719] An organic phase was prepared by dissolving a mixture of cationic lipid, DOPE (Avanti) , cholesterol (Chol, Sigma-Aldrich) , and C14-PEG 2000 (Avanti) in ethanol at a predetermined molar ratio. The aqueous phase was prepared using firefly luciferase mRNA (mLuc, Trilink) in 10 mM sodium citrate buffer (pH 4.0, Fisher) . All mRNA samples were stored at -80℃ and thawed on ice before use.
[0720] LNPs were prepared by vigorous pipetting the aqueous phase containing the mRNA with the ethanol phase containing the lipids mixture. The weight ratio of between ionizable lipid and mRNA was set as 10 to 1. The lipid library, which was not purified, was directly used.
[0721] For in vitro transfection, the lipid-mRNA mixture, containing 0.1 μg of mRNA, was added to pre-seeded A549 cells in 96-well plates. Following overnight incubation, the transfection efficiency of mLuc was assessed using the One-Glo Luciferase Assay System (Promega) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The luminescence was measured using the Cytation imaging reader (BioTek) .
[0722] The results of in vitro assay indicated that ionizable lipid compounds synthesized can be effectively used for the preparation of LNP for in vitro transfection. The results are summarized in FIGs. 1-2.
[0723] Example 11. Identification of optimal ionizable lipids for mRNA delivery through in vivo batch testing
[0724] The lipid compound library prepared in Example 4 were further assessed for their performace to deliver mRNA. The resulting ionizable lipids were formulated into LNPs using a classical four-composition formulation ratio established by Moderna for SM-102, containing 1, 2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) as a helper lipid, cholesterol, 1, 2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphoethanolamine-N- [methoxy- (polyethyleneglycol) -2000] (C14-PEG) , and the synthesized ionizable lipids from Example 4 (FIG. 3) .
[0725] In vivo batch test
[0726] For in vivo high-throughput batch testing, a lipid-mRNA mixture within a classification group was combined and dialyzed, followed by I. M. injection into mice. Subsequently, 0.25 mg kg-1 of mLuc was utilized for the first batch-based LNP analysis, organized into 9 groups based on head-groups, with each group comprising 16 LNPs mixture. For the second round of batch-based LNP analysis, 0.8 mg kg-1 of mFFL was administered to each mouse, organized into 4 groups based on tail A groups, with each group consisting of 4 LNPs mixture. Additionally, 0.05 mg kg-1 of mLuc was used for the third round of individual LNP analysis, injected for each lipid group. After 6 hours post-injection, to measure in vivo bioluminescence, 0.2 ml of XenoLight D-luciferin (10 mg ml -1 in Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline, PerkinElmer) was intraperitoneally injected into mice. Mice were anesthetized in an oxygen anesthesia chamber containing 2.5%isoflurane, and imaging was conducted using an in vivo imaging system (IVIS, PerkinElmer) 10 minutes after the administration of luciferin. The bioluminescence was quantified using Living Image software (PerkinElmer, version 4.8.0) .
[0727] To assess the ability of the synthesized lipids to deliver mRNA in vivo, the LNPs were formulated with firefly luciferase mRNA (mLuc) using a microfluidic T-junction device for in vivo batch testing and physical characterization (FIG. 4) . While the P-3CR facilitated rapid synthesis of a large, diverse array of ionizable lipids, a batch-based testing approach was employed to efficiently assess all 144 LNPs in vivo. The 144 LNPs were first categorized into nine groups (H1-H9) based on the headgroup structure of their ionizable lipid for subsequent characterization and batch testing. The headgroups were further described as being linear (H1-H3) , cyclic (H4-H6) , and aromatic (H7-H9) .
[0728] For an initial assessment of the delivery efficiency of the 144 ionizable lipids, LNPs containing ionizable lipids that shared the same headgroup were pooled and administered via intramuscular (I. M. ) injection (FIG. 5) . Notably, linear and cyclic alkane headgroups achieved the highest transfection potency, while aromatic headgroups showed significantly weaker transfection potency. Dimethylglycine (H1) , 3-(Dimethyl amino) propionic acid (H2) and 3- (1-Pyrrolidinyl) propanoic acid (H6) lipids outperformed the other headgroups, with H2 achieving the highest mLuc expression (FIG. 6) . Thus, ionizable lipids containing H2 were advanced to the next stage of batch testing wherein H2 LNPs were pooled based on shared Tail A structure and further assessed after I. M. administration. The results showed that (Z) -1-isocyanooctadec-9-ene (A4) containing unsaturated bonds achieved the highest transfection. In the third round of testing, all four LNPs with ionizable lipids containing headgroup H2 and tail A4 were tested separately in mice (FIGs. 7-8) . The top two lipid candidates, H2A4B3 and H2A4B4, were assessed in a head-to-head comparison with the FDA-approved ionizable lipid MC3. Interestingly, despite lipids H2A4B3 and H2A4B4 differing only in one tail chain, the LNP containing H2A4B4 significantly outperformed both H2A4B3 and MC3 (FIG. 9) .
[0729] The results of in vivo testing indicate that the lipid compounds prepared in Example of the present disclosure are capable of being used to prepare LNP for mRNA delivery and are capable of obtaining mRNA delivery efficiencies comparable to, or even better than, those of ionizeble lipids, such as MC3, which are well established for use in the prior art.
[0730] Example 12. Delivery of Cre-recombinase mRNA and human EPO mRNA to mice via the LNPs prepared from the ionizable lipid compouds
[0731] Gene delivery in the tdTomato cre reporter mice model
[0732] Cg-Gt (ROSA) 26Sortm9 (CAG-tdTomato) Hze / J mice Cre reporter mice were I. V. injected with Cre mRNA encapsulated LNPs (0.5 mg / kg) through the tail vein at day 0, 3. Mice were sacrificed on Day 5 for tissue collection. For flow cytometry of Ai9 mice, mouse livers were harvested, and liver cells were isolated and prepared for staining. Initially, liver tissue was finely chopped using a blade and placed in 1 mL of digestion medium consisting of collagenase type 4 (100 units / μL) and DNase I (50 units / μL) . Subsequently, the tissue mixture was transferred to a 15 mL centrifuge tube containing an additional 4 mL of digestion medium and incubated at 37 ℃ for 1 h with shaking. Next, the liver solution was filtered using a 70 μm filter and washed once with 1× PBS. A cell pellet was obtained by centrifuging for 10 min at a speed of 500 g at 4 ℃. The supernatant was removed, and the cell pellet was resuspended in 4 mL of 1× RBC lysis buffer (BioLegend, 420301) and incubated at room temperature for 5 min. After incubation, 10 mL of PBS was added to stop red blood cell lysis. The solution was then centrifuged again at 500 g for 10 min to obtain a cell pellet. The single cells were resuspended in cell staining buffer (2%FBS containing 1× PBS) to make a cell solution at a density of 5 × 106 cells / mL. 100 uL of cell solution was transferred to a new EP tube to incubate with anti-mouse CD45 antibody (FITC, BioLegend, 1: 1000) , anti-mouse CD31 antibody (Alexa 594, BioLegend, 1: 1000) , anti-mouse F4 / 80 (PerCP / Cyanine5.5, BioLegend, 1: 200) , anti-mouse CD11c (PE / Cyanine7, BioLegend, 1: 800) , anti-mouse CD3 Antibody (Brilliant Violet 605TM, BioLegend, 1: 50) , anti-mouse / human CD45R / B220 Antibody (Brilliant Violet 421TM, BioLegend, 1: 50) for 30 mins at room temperature to stain hepatocytes (CD45-CD31-cells) , endothelial cells (CD45-CD31+ cells) , macrophages (F4 / 80+ cells) , dendritic cells (CD11c+ cells) , T cells (CD3+ cells) and B cells (B220+ cells) (Table. 11) . The stained cells were washed twice with 1 mL of 1× PBS, then resuspended in 500 μL 1× PBS for flow cytometry. Zombie NIRTM kit (BioLegend, 423105) was used to discriminate live cells. The PBS-only treatment group (NC) was used as the negative control. The data of flow cytometry were analyzed by FlowJo software.
[0733] For the confocal fluorescence imaging, all collected tissues were fixed in 4%buffered paraformaldehyde overnight at 4 ℃, then dehydrated in 30%sucrose overnight at 4 ℃. Next, a cryosection was performed on tissues after being frozen at optimum cutting temperature (O. C. T. ) . Cell nucleuses were stained with DAPI (1: 1000) . Zeiss LCSM700 was used to obtain and process images.
[0734] Table 11 -Antibodies for flow cytometry
[0735] In vivo therapeutic hEPO mRNA delivery
[0736] SM-102, H18A4B4, and H19A4B4 LNPs were formulated with hEPO mRNA into LNP. After that, LNPs were injected into mice intravenously via retro-orbital following the method outlined above (0.25 mg / kg, per mice, n = 8) . To evaluate the hEPO protein kinetics, approximately 100 μl of blood was collected from the facial vein of each mouse and transferred into an EDTA-coated tube. Blood was centrifuged at 2,000 g for 20 min. The upper layer of plasma was used as samples for the ELISA. The plasma was aliquoted and stored at -80 ℃ until analysis. hEPO levels in mice were measured via hEPO ELISA Kit (Abcam, Ab274397) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. For repeated dose experiment, hEPO mRNA was formulated into the H18A4B4 LNPs via retro-orbital following the method outlined above (0.25 mg / kg, per mice, n = 2) .
[0737] Statistical analysis
[0738] The data were subjected to statistical analyses using GraphPad Prism 9 (GraphPad Software) . A two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test was conducted to assess the significance of the comparisons as indicated. Data are expressed as mean ± s. d. P values <0.05 (*) , P < 0.01 (**) , P < 0.001 (***) and P < 0.0001 (****) were statistically significant.
[0739] To assess the efficacy of the LNPs prepared from the ionizable lipid compounds of the present disclosure in mediating gene editing and cell tropism, genetically engineered tdTomato reporter Ai9 mice were utilized. The reporter Ai9 mice allow visualization of gene editing mediated by Cre-recombinase mRNA (mCre) . Once translated from mRNA, Cre recombinase facilitates the excision of LoxP-flanked stop cassettes, resulting in the expression of a red fluorescent tdTomato protein within edited cells (FIG. 10) . Lipids H18A4B4 and H19A4B4 were formulated into LNPs along with mCre and compared with the SM-102 LNP after intravenous (I. V. ) injection. After two doses, tdTomato fluorescent signals in various organs of Ai9 reporter mice were visualized using IVIS imaging (FIG. 11) . H18A4B4 LNP showed Cre-mediated gene editing efficiency comparable to SM-102 LNP. To further validate these findings, tissue sections were analyzed using confocal microscopy to visualize tdTomato-positive cells. (FIG. 12) . The cells edited by mCre were evenly distributed throughout the mouse liver following LNP administration. Notably, a remarkable increase in tdTomato-positive cells was observed after dosing with H18A4B4 LNPs compared to H19A4B4 and SM-102 LNPs. Flow cytometry was conducted to quantify the percentage of tdTomato-positive cells (FIG. 13) . Remarkably, H18A4B4 LNPs exhibited superior performance to SM-102 LNPs in transfecting both hepatocytes and immune cells. H18A4B4 LNPs exhibited superior gene-editing efficacy compared to SM-102 LNPs, achieving a higher percentage of gene-edited hepatocytes (56%vs. 48%) and overall immune cells (34%vs. 28%) in the liver. Additionally, H18A4B4 LNPs also exhibited comparable editing efficacy with SM-102 LNPs in endothelial cells and specific immune cells (FIG. 14) .
[0740] The foregoing description is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the present disclosure. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the present disclosure to the exact construction and process shown as described above. Accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be considered to fall within the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims that follow.
[0741] All publications, patents and patent applications cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety into the disclosure.
Claims
1.A lipid compound of Formula (I) : or an N-oxide, stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, whereinRI, RII and RIII are each independently selected from (A) a collection of groups comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety, (B) a collection of optionally substituted C6-C25 aliphatic groups and optionally substituted 6-to 25-membered heteroaliphatic groups;preferably, one or two of RI, RII and RIII is selected from (A) a collection of groups comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety.2.A lipid compound of Formula (I’) : or an N-oxide, stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, whereinRI, RII and RIII are each independently selected from (A) a collection of groups comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety, (B) a collection of optionally substituted C6-C25 aliphatic groups and optionally substituted 6-to 25-membered heteroaliphatic groups, andRII’ is hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl;preferably, one or two of RI, RII and RIII is selected from (A) a collection of groups comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety.3.The lipid compound or an N-oxide, stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the group comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety of the collection (A) has a carbon atom number of 3 to 11 and represented by Formula (Ia) : wherein RIa is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkylene, which alkylene is optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from -oxo (=O) , -OH, -SH or -NRIdRId', where RId and RId' are each independently hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl; RIb and RIc are each independently optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C2-C6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-C6 alkynyl, which alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl are optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from -oxo (=O) , -OH, -SH or -NRIeRIe', where RIe and RIe' are each independently hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl, or RIb and RIc together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 5-to 12-membered heterocycle comprising 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, at least one of the heteroatoms is N, which heterocycle is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-C6 alkyl, -NO2 and -OH..4.The lipid compound or an N-oxide, stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the group comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety of the collection (A) has a carbon atom number of 3 to 11 and represented by Formula (Ia’) : wherein Ar is optionally substituted C6-C10 arylene, which arylene is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 substituents independently selected from halo, C1-C6 alkyl, -OH, -SH or -NRId”RId”', where RId” and RId”' are each independently hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl; RIb' and RIc' are each independently optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C2-C6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-C6 alkynyl, which alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl are optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from -oxo (=O) , -OH, -SH or -NRIe”RIe”', where RIe” and RIe”' are each independently hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl, or RIb' and RIc' together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 5-to 12-membered heterocycle comprising 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, at least one of the heteroatoms is N, which heterocycle is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, C1-C6 alkyl, -NO2 and -OH.5.The lipid compound or an N-oxide, stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the collection (A) comprises the following groups comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety: 6.The lipid compound or an N-oxide, stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the collection (A) comprises the following groups comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety: 7.The lipid compound or an N-oxide, stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the collection (A) comprises the following groups comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety: 8.The lipid compound or an N-oxide, stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the collection (B) comprises optionally substituted C6-C25 aliphatic groups and optionally substituted 6-to 25-membered heteroaliphatic groups, which aliphatic groups and heteroaliphatic groups are optionally comprise 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12 groups independently selected from -C=C-, -C≡C-, -NRm-, -NH-, -NH2, -OH, -ORn, -O-, -C (O) -, -C (ORo) -, -C (O) O-, -SH, -SRp, -S-, -C (S) -, -C (SRq) -, -C (S) O-, and -P (O) -groups, where Rm, Rn, Ro, Rp, and Rq are each independently optionally substituted C1-C14 aliphatic group.9.The lipid compound or an N-oxide, stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the group of collection (B) optionally comprises at least one degradable moiety.10.The lipid compound or an N-oxide, stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any of claims 1 to 9, wherein the degradable moiety is selected from -C (O) O-, -OC (O) -, -OC (O) O-, -S-S-, -C (O) NH-, -NHC (O) -, -NHC (O) O-, -NR1C (O) -, -C (O) NR2-, -NR3C (O) O-, -OP (O) OR4O-, -OCR5 (OR6) O-, -CR7 (OR8) O-, and -CH (OR9) O-, where R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9 are each independently optionally substituted C1-C14 aliphatic group.11.The lipid compound or an N-oxide, stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any of claims 1 to 10, wherein the collection (B) comprises the following groups: 12.The lipid compound or an N-oxide, stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any of claims 1 to 10, wherein the collection (B) comprises the following groups: 13.The lipid compound or an N-oxide, stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any of claims 1 to 10, wherein the collection (B) comprises the following groups: 14.The lipid compound or an N-oxide, stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any of claims 1 to 13, wherein RI, RII and RIII satisfy the following conditions:RI is selected from the collection (A) , and RII and RIII are selected from the collection (B) ; orRII is selected from the collection (A) , and RI and RIII are selected from the collection (B) ; orRIII is selected from the collection (A) , and RI and RII are selected from the collection (B) .15.The lipid compound or an N-oxide, stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein the lipid compound is selected from the compounds listed below:(Z) -6- ( (3- (dimethylamino) propanoyl) oxy) -7- (octadec-9-en-1-ylamino) -7-oxoheptyl dodecanoate(Z) -6- ( (3- (dimethylamino) propanoyl) oxy) -7- (octadec-9-en-1-ylamino) -7-oxoheptyl 2-hexyldecanoate(Z) -6- ( (4- (dimethylamino) butanoyl) oxy) -7- (octadec-9-en-1-ylamino) -7-oxoheptyl 2-hexyldecanoate(Z) -6- ( (5- (dimethylamino) pentanoyl) oxy) -7- (octadec-9-en-1-ylamino) -7-oxoheptyl 2-hexyldecanoate16.The lipid compound or an N-oxide, stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein the lipid compound is selected from the compounds listed in Table 1, 2, 3, and / or 4.17.A method for preparing the lipid compound or an N-oxide, stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any of claims 1 to 16, comprising following synthetic route: wherein RI, RII and RIII are defined as in any of claims 1 to 15;or following synthetic route:wherein, RI, RII, RII’ and RIII are defined as in any of claims 1 to 15.18.The lipid compound or an N-oxide, stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any of claims 1 to 16 for use in gene delivery.19.Use of the lipid compound or an N-oxide, stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any of claims 1 to 16 in gene delivery.20.Use of the lipid compound or an N-oxide, stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any of claims 1 to 16 in preparation of lipid nanoparticles.21.A lipid nanoparticle comprising the lipid compound or an N-oxide, stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any of claims 1 to 16, assembled with one or more lipids selected from the group consisting of phospholipid, a structural lipid, and a PEG lipid.22.A delivery system, wherein the lipid nanoparticle according to claim 21 is used as a delivery vehicle in the delivery system.23.The delivery system according to claim 22, wherein the delivery system also comprises an active pharmaceutical component, which is encapsulated in the lipid nanoparticle.24.The delivery system according to claim 22 or 23, wherein the active pharmaceutical component is a nucleic acid.25.The delivery system according to any of claims 22 to 24, wherein the active pharmaceutical component is a plasmid.26.A pharmaceutical composition comprising the lipid compound or an N-oxide, stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to any of claims 1 to 16, or the lipid nanoparticle according to claim 21, or the delivery system according to any of claims 22-25, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.27.A method for preparation of a lipid compounds library, comprising the following steps,i) preparing reactant component libraries including: a library of isonitrile compounds, a library of aldehyde compounds, and a library of carboxylic acid compounds;ii) selecting i compounds from the library of isonitrile compounds, labelled as Iso-1, Iso-2, Iso-3, ..., Iso-I, where i is an integer;selecting j compounds from the library of aldehyde compounds, labelled as Alde-1, Alde-2, Alde-3, …, Alde-j, where j is an integer;selecting k compounds from the library of carboxylic acid compounds, labelled as Acid-1, Acid-2, Acid-3, …, Acid-k, where k is any integer;iii) preparing a matrix of reaction vessels, each vial is labelled as Vial-ijk, where i indicates the sequential number of the isonitrile compound, j indicates the sequential number of the aldehyde compound, and k indicates the sequential number of the carboxylic acid compound;iv) according to their labels, adding the isonitrile, aldehyde and carboxylic acid compounds to the corresponding numbered vials with solvent;v) carrying out Passerini reaction for 1-48 hr;vi) collecting the products after the reaction is complete, resulting in a library of lipid compounds with the number of compounds equal to i*j*k.28.The method according to claim 27, wherein the lipid compound is an ionizable lipid or a cationic lipid.29.The method according to claim 27 or 28, wherein the solvent is selected from THF, DCM, Toluene, EtOH, or a mixture thereof.30.The method according to any of claims 27 to 29, wherein the isonitrile compound, the aldehyde compound, and the carboxylic acid compound is added in a ratio of 1: 1: 1.31.The method according to any of claims 27 to 30, wherein the library of isonitrile compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RI-NC, where RI is selected from the collection (A) a collection of groups comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety, or (B) a collection of optionally substituted C6-C25 aliphatic groups and optionally substituted 6-to 25-membered heteroaliphatic groups.32.The method according to any of claims 27 to 31, wherein the library of aldehyde compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RII-CHO, where RII is selected from the collection (A) a collection of groups comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety, or (B) a collection of optionally substituted C6-C25 aliphatic groups and optionally substituted 6-to 25-membered heteroaliphatic groups.33.The method according to any of claims 27 to 32, wherein the library of carboxylic acid compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RIII-COOH, wherein RIII is selected from the collection (A) a collection of groups comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety, or (B) a collection of optionally substituted C6-C25 aliphatic groups and optionally substituted 6-to 25-membered heteroaliphatic groups.34.The method according to any of claims 27 to 33, wherein the library of isonitrile compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RI-NC, where RI is selected from the collection (A) a collection of groups comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety, the library of aldehyde compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RII-CHO, where RII is selected from the collection (B) a collection of optionally substituted C6-C25 aliphatic groups and optionally substituted 6-to 25-membered heteroaliphatic groups, and the library of carboxylic acid compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RIII-COOH, where RIII is selected from the collection (B) a collection of optionally substituted C6-C25 aliphatic groups and optionally substituted 6-to 25-membered heteroaliphatic groups.35.The method according to any of claims 27 to 33, wherein the library of isonitrile compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RI-NC, where RI is selected from the collection (B) a collection of optionally substituted C6-C25 aliphatic groups and optionally substituted 6-to 25-membered heteroaliphatic groups, the library of aldehyde compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RII-CHO, where RII is selected from the collection (A) a collection of groups comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety, and the library of carboxylic acid compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RIII-COOH, where RIII is selected from the collection (B) a collection of optionally substituted C6-C25 aliphatic groups and optionally substituted 6-to 25-membered heteroaliphatic groups.36.The method according to any of claims 27 to 33, wherein the library of isonitrile compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RI-NC, where RI is selected from the collection (B) a collection of optionally substituted C6-C25 aliphatic groups and optionally substituted 6-to 25-membered heteroaliphatic groups, the library of aldehyde compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RII-CHO, where RII is selected from the collection (B) a collection of optionally substituted C6-C25 aliphatic groups and optionally substituted 6-to 25-membered heteroaliphatic groups, and the library of carboxylic acid compounds is a library consisting of compounds represented by the general Formula RIII-COOH, where RIII is selected from the collection (A) a collection of groups comprising at least one ionizable tertiary amine moiety.37.A library of lipid compounds prepared by the method according to any of claims 27-36, wherein the lipid compound of the library has a structure shown in formula (I) : or a structure shown in formula (I’)