Element panel for producing a semifinished part cover

Abstract

The invention relates to an element panel for producing a semifinished part cover, having a reinforced concrete board which has an element panel length along a direction of longitudinal extent and an element panel width along a transverse direction perpendicular to the direction of longitudinal extent, wherein the element panel length is greater than the element panel width, and at least a plurality of displacement devices project from the element panel surface, each of which has at least one hollow vessel the vessel opening of which is arranged in the concrete board and is sealed by the concrete of the concrete board. The element panel is characterised in that between adjacent hollow vessels, a channel extending in the transverse direction is formed in each case, into which a reinforcing bar can be inserted in the transverse direction in such a way that it projects laterally beyond the concrete board.

Description

[0001] Element plate for producing a semi-finished ceiling

[0002] The invention relates to an element plate for producing a semi-finished ceiling, comprising a reinforced concrete board which has an element plate length along a longitudinal direction and an element plate width along a transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, and from the upper side of which protrude a plurality of displacement devices, each of which has at least one hollow vessel whose vessel opening is arranged in the concrete board and closed by the concrete of the concrete board, wherein the element plate has a plurality of longitudinal reinforcement bars running in the longitudinal direction and arranged at a distance from the upper side of the concrete board.

[0003] The invention also relates to a semi-finished ceiling having a plurality of element panels and to a concrete component, in particular a concrete ceiling having a plurality of element panels.

[0004] Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing an element plate and a method for producing a concrete component.

[0005] Semi-precast slabs are frequently used due to their advantages. They are assembled on site from prefabricated element panels and serve as part of a formwork that is filled with an additional layer of in-situ concrete to create the desired concrete slab.

[0006] In the traditional production of concrete slabs using the in-situ concrete method, i.e., without the use of precast slabs for semi-precast slabs, displacement bodies are often placed in spaces enclosed by formwork where structurally feasible. This has the advantage that the spaces occupied by the displacement bodies remain free of concrete, thus saving concrete and allowing for the production of lighter concrete slabs.

[0007] For example, European patent application EP 1 568 827 A1 proposes enclosing displacement bodies, e.g., in the form of plastic balls, in lattices open on one side. These modules are then pressed into a first or second layer of concrete, which may already contain a first reinforcement mat. The resulting semi-finished product is then covered with concrete during subsequent completion.

[0008] European patent application EP 0 617 180 A2 proposes arranging, in the space between metal grids protruding from a reinforced concrete floor slab, box elements made of extruded foam sheets made of polypropylene and / or other suitable waterproof plastics. These elements are fixed, with or without interruptions, along the entire length of this space and serve as load-bearing elements. The box elements are open at the bottom and are provided with transverse closure walls and stiffening walls, which are secured by mortising and / or other suitable means.

[0009] There are also known approaches to using displacement bodies in semi-prefabricated ceilings. For example, DE 603 ​​09 733 T2 discloses a structural element and a method for its production. The structural element comprises a "cured concrete layer," which can also be referred to as a concrete board, as well as reinforcement elements, with the reinforcement elements partially extending upwards from the cured concrete layer. The structural element also comprises elements defining cavities, which can, in particular, have the shape of an inverted flowerpot.

[0010] With regard to the stability of a concrete slab constructed using precast slabs, the transition areas from one precast slab to the immediately next one are particularly critical.

[0011] It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide an element panel which makes it possible to save concrete and to produce particularly stable concrete ceilings, in particular flat ceilings.

[0012] The problem is solved by an element plate which is characterized in that a transversely extending groove is formed between adjacent hollow vessels, into which a reinforcing bar can be inserted in the transverse direction in such a way that it projects laterally beyond the concrete board.

[0013] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the channels are designed and arranged such that a plurality of reinforcing bars can be inserted at equal spacings such that a reinforcing bar is arranged in each channel running transversely and adjacent reinforcing bars are spaced apart by 40 cm or less, in particular in a distance in the range of 15 to 30 cm or in the range of 20 cm to 25 cm or 20 cm. This advantageously makes it possible to arrange the reinforcing bars across the element panels in a number and density that is advantageous for the stability of the concrete component to be produced using a plurality of the element panels according to the invention, which are arranged along their long sides, in particular directly next to one another.Preferably, the channels each have a width in the range of 3 cm to 10 cm, in particular in the range of 3 cm to 7 cm or in the range of 6 cm to 8 cm or 5 cm. The special spacing advantageously ensures that, after filling with in-situ concrete, the reinforcing bars are completely surrounded by concrete in every direction to a thickness that is advantageous for the stability of the concrete component.

[0014] According to the invention, the element plate comprises a plurality of longitudinal reinforcement bars extending in the longitudinal direction. The longitudinal reinforcement bars are preferably arranged at a distance from the top side of the concrete board and / or parallel to the top side of the concrete board. In this way, a particularly high level of stability and rigidity of the concrete component to be produced is achieved.

[0015] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, reinforcement elements, particularly those designed as lattice girders, protrude from the concrete board, to which the longitudinal reinforcement bars are attached. The longitudinal reinforcement bars can be attached, in particular, to the free ends of the reinforcement elements. Such an embodiment makes it particularly advantageous to arrange the longitudinal reinforcement bars at a distance from the top side of the concrete board and / or parallel to the top side of the concrete board.

[0016] A particularly advantageous design is one in which the reinforcement elements are arranged in several straight, parallel rows, and in which one of the longitudinal reinforcement bars is attached to each of the reinforcement elements in a row. The statics of such a design are comparatively easy to calculate and to take into account during the manufacture of a semi-finished ceiling. Furthermore, such a design can be manufactured particularly efficiently, particularly with robot support. In such a design, it can advantageously be provided, in particular, that at least one row of reinforcement elements runs between two straight, parallel rows of displacement devices.

[0017] Preferably, the reinforcement elements and / or the longitudinal reinforcement bars are designed and arranged in such a way that they do not hinder or even prevent the reinforcement bars from being inserted across the element panels into the grooves 14. For this purpose, it can advantageously be provided that the alignments of the grooves 14 remain free of reinforcement elements and longitudinal reinforcement bars.

[0018] A particularly stable and rigid design of the element plate is one in which the longitudinal reinforcement bars extend over the entire length of the element plate or have at least one longitudinal reinforcement bar length which is 0.8 to 1.0 times, in particular 0.9 to 1.0 times, the length of the element plate.

[0019] The element panel width can, for example, range from 0.6 m to 2.4 m. The element panel length can advantageously be up to 12 m or more.

[0020] In an advantageous embodiment, at least one support element with a support section arranged outside the concrete board for supporting a reinforcing bar is arranged on the outside of at least one of each two adjacent hollow vessels, wherein the support section is preferably at a distance from the upper side of the concrete board in the range from 0.5 cm to 3 cm, in particular in the range from 0.5 cm to 1.5 cm. This has the very particular advantage that particularly good stability of the concrete component to be manufactured can be achieved by simply installing reinforcing steel, in particular in the form of reinforcing bars, on the construction site. In particular, the reinforcing bars can be easily placed on the support sections of the support elements of the displacement devices, in particular across the element plates.The special distance of the support sections to the top side of the concrete board in the range of 0.5 cm to 3 cm ensures, on the one hand, that the reinforcement can be installed in a statically advantageous manner at a short distance from the top side of the concrete board and, on the other hand, ensures that the reinforcement (apart from the places where it rests on the support sections) is completely encased in concrete when filled with in-situ concrete.

[0021] As already mentioned, this has the very particular advantage that the reinforcement, in particular in the form of reinforcing bars, can be laid across element slabs. In particular, reinforcing bars can advantageously be installed such that they rest both on the support sections of the displacement devices of an element slab according to the invention and on the support sections of the displacement devices of an immediately adjacent element slab according to the invention (in particular identical). In this case, the displacement devices can be designed and arranged in a very particularly advantageous manner such that the reinforcing bars can be installed at a distance of 40 cm or less, in particular at a distance in the range of 15 to 30 cm or from 20 cm to 25 cm or most particularly at a distance of 20 cm.This advantageously ensures that a semi-prefabricated ceiling constructed in this way, reinforced by the reinforcement bars spanning the element slabs, is particularly stable, especially in the transition areas from one element slab to the next. This results in the ultimately produced concrete ceiling being particularly stable. In particular, the invention advantageously enables the production of particularly flat concrete ceilings using the element slab construction method, which are nevertheless particularly stable.

[0022] The support element can advantageously be elongated and / or designed as a support bar, particularly a cylindrical one. This advantageously ensures that the contact surface with the applied reinforcing bar is particularly small, so that only this small surface area of ​​the applied reinforcing bar remains free of in-situ concrete during the concreting process on the construction site.

[0023] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the support section has a concave shape and / or is concavely curved. This has the very special advantage of defining a target position for the reinforcement bar, because the reinforcement bar tends to roll and / or slide to the lowest point of the support section. This avoids the need for an employee to manually align and fix the reinforcement bar in detail. This also prevents the reinforcement bar from unintentionally contacting other parts of the element slab besides the support sections, for example, the wall of the hollow vessel.

[0024] In a particularly cost-effective yet very robust design, the at least one support element and the hollow vessel are manufactured together as a single piece, particularly by injection molding. In particular, the at least one support element and the hollow vessel can advantageously be manufactured, particularly as a single piece, using a plastic injection molding process.

[0025] While it's not entirely impossible, it's preferable for the hollow vessel to be non-cuboidal. A cuboidal design would essentially result in the concrete being cast between the hollow vessels, which would reduce the stability of the concrete slab.

[0026] Particularly stable concrete ceilings can be achieved with prefabricated slabs in which at least one section of the wall of the hollow vessel, in particular each of the hollow vessels, is curved. In particular, it can advantageously be provided that at least one section of the wall of the hollow vessel has a curved, in particular circular, section in a cross-sectional plane parallel to the top side of the concrete board. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, a section of the wall of the hollow vessel has the shape of a spherical section.

[0027] Preferably, several of the displacement bodies and / or several of the hollow vessels of the element plate are of identical design. In particular, all of the displacement bodies and / or all of the hollow vessels of the element plate can be of identical design.

[0028] In a particular embodiment, the element plate has at least two displacement devices that differ from one another in terms of their shape and / or size and / or volume. For example, smaller displacement devices with a smaller displacement volume can be arranged in an area of ​​the element plate where a greater load is expected for the concrete component to be produced, while larger displacement devices with a larger displacement volume can be arranged in an area of ​​the same element plate where a lower load is expected for the concrete component to be produced. In this way, it is advantageously achieved that the concrete component has more concrete in the area of ​​greater load than in the area of ​​lower load.

[0029] The element slab can (alternatively or additionally) also have at least one area with displacement devices, while another area is free of displacement devices, although it is large enough that displacement devices of the same size could be arranged there. This advantageously ensures that the concrete component has the maximum possible amount of concrete in the free area and therefore has a particularly high stability and / or load-bearing capacity there.

[0030] The wall of at least one of the hollow vessels, in particular all of the hollow vessels of the element plate, can have at least one flat section. For example, the flat section can be arranged at an angle of 70 degrees to 90 degrees to the top side of the concrete board. In particular, this section can define a channel between two hollow vessels of a displacement device, which is described in detail below.

[0031] Alternatively or additionally, the wall of at least one of the hollow vessels, in particular all of the hollow vessels of the element plate, can have a section parallel to the top side of the concrete board, in particular a flat section. This can advantageously be the upwardly facing bottom of the hollow vessel, with the vessel opening facing downward.

[0032] At least one spacer can advantageously be arranged on the upper side of at least one of the hollow vessels, in particular of all of the hollow vessels of the element slab. The spacer can, for example, be web-shaped and / or rib-shaped. In particular, the spacer can be manufactured integrally with the wall of the hollow vessel. Additional reinforcement, in particular reinforcing bars or reinforcement mats, can be placed on the spacer on the construction site before concreting, whereby the spacers prevent direct contact between the additional reinforcement and the wall of the hollow vessel. This advantageously ensures that the contact surface with the additional reinforcement is particularly small, so that only a small surface area of ​​the additional reinforcement remains free of in-situ concrete during the concreting process on the construction site.

[0033] Preferably, the support element is shorter in one direction, particularly perpendicular to the wall of the hollow vessel, than the length and width of the vessel opening. Such a design is sufficient for the installation of the reinforcement bars and allows for particularly efficient positioning of the displacement devices relative to each other without mutual interference. The length can advantageously be in the range of 2 cm to 7 cm.

[0034] A particularly advantageous design is one in which the support element protrudes, particularly vertically, from the wall of the hollow vessel. This ensures that the support element only occupies the space necessary for its function.

[0035] Preferably, several support elements are arranged on the outside of the hollow vessel. In particular, several support elements can be arranged on the outside of the hollow vessel, projecting in different directions, particularly in opposite directions, from the wall of the hollow vessel. Such a design allows reinforcement bars to be placed, particularly parallel to one another, on opposite sides of the hollow vessel.

[0036] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the wall of at least one of the hollow vessels, in particular each hollow vessel, has a vessel opening edge arranged in the concrete board. As a result, the hollow vessel is securely and permanently anchored in the concrete board. The vessel opening edge can advantageously have a height in the vertical direction in the range of 0.5 cm to 3 cm. In particular, the vessel opening edge can be limited at the top by a collar arranged on the outside of the displacement device and / or the hollow body. In a particularly advantageous manner, the collar can rest on the upper side of the concrete board. The collar can advantageously have a width in the range of 0.5 cm to 2 cm.

[0037] In particular, it can advantageously be provided that the vessel opening edge in the concrete board is in direct contact with a reinforcement. Such a design can be produced, for example, by first arranging at least one reinforcement in a formwork and placing the at least one displacement device, in particular a plurality of displacement devices, on the reinforcement, each with the vessel opening directed towards the reinforcement, such that the vessel opening edge is in direct contact with the reinforcement. The concrete board is then concreted by pouring in liquid concrete, with sufficient liquid concrete being poured into the formwork until the vessel opening edge is surrounded by concrete.In particular, as already mentioned, it can advantageously be provided that the hollow vessel and / or the displacement device has a circumferential collar which marks an upper end of the vessel opening edge and up to which the liquid concrete is poured into the formwork to produce the concrete board.

[0038] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, at least one of the displacement devices, in particular each of the displacement devices, has one, in particular exactly one, further hollow vessel, wherein the hollow vessel and the further hollow vessel are connected to one another by means of the at least one support element. Such a design has the very special advantage that reinforcing bars can be arranged both laterally next to the hollow vessels and between the hollow vessels on the support elements. Such a design also has the further very special advantage that it is particularly easy to handle during manufacture of the element slab. A design in which the hollow vessel and the further hollow vessel are connected to one another by means of several support elements is particularly stable. Preferably, at least two of the connecting support elements are of identical design and / or arranged parallel to one another.

[0039] Preferably, the support section of each of the support elements is spaced from the top side of the concrete board by a distance of 0 cm to 3 cm. This advantageously ensures that the reinforcing bars can be placed, particularly parallel to the top side of the concrete board, at a short distance from the top side of the concrete board such that they (apart from the points where they rest on the support sections) are completely encased in concrete when filled with in-situ concrete.

[0040] In a particularly cost-effective yet very robust design, the at least one support element and the hollow vessel and the further hollow vessel are manufactured together as a single piece, particularly by injection molding. In particular, the at least one support element and the hollow vessel and the further hollow vessel can advantageously be manufactured by plastic injection molding.

[0041] As already mentioned, the displacement device can advantageously be designed such that a channel is formed between the hollow vessel and the further hollow vessel. The channel can advantageously have a width in the range of 3 cm to 10 cm, in particular in the range of 3 cm to 7 cm or in the range of 6 to 8 cm or 5 cm. This allows for the simple and uncomplicated insertion of a reinforcing bar. Furthermore, such a width of the channel ensures that the reinforcing bar (apart from the points where it rests on the support sections) is completely encased in concrete when filled with in-situ concrete.

[0042] As also already mentioned, the channel can be formed partly by a, in particular flat, outer wall of the hollow vessel and partly by a, in particular flat, outer wall of the further hollow vessel of the displacement device.

[0043] In a special design, the outer walls of the hollow vessel and the other hollow vessel forming part of the channel are arranged in planes that have an angle between 0 degrees and 30 degrees to each other. This design has the very special advantage that the in-situ concrete can flow reliably into the channel and surround the inserted reinforcing bar(s).

[0044] Preferably, the hollow vessel and the additional hollow vessel are of identical design. At least, it can advantageously be provided that the hollow vessel and the additional hollow vessel are of the same size and / or that the hollow vessel and the additional hollow vessel have the same shape.

[0045] In a particularly advantageous design, the hollow vessel and the additional hollow vessel are designed and arranged mirror-symmetrically to each other. This design has the very special advantage that the displacement device and the concrete structure of the concrete slab created around it exhibit symmetrical stability properties.

[0046] Preferably, the vessel opening of the further hollow vessel is also arranged in the concrete board and closed by the concrete of the concrete board. Alternatively or additionally, it can advantageously be provided that the vessel openings of the hollow vessel and the further hollow vessel are arranged entirely in a common plane.

[0047] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the space above at least one support element is free. This allows for the easy placement of a reinforcing bar.

[0048] In an advantageous embodiment of the element panel according to the invention, several displacement devices are arranged in at least one, in particular straight, row. In particular, the spacing between immediately adjacent displacement devices in the row can advantageously be in the range of 3 cm to 10 cm, in particular in the range of 3 cm to 7 cm or in the range of 6 cm to 8 cm, or in particular 5 cm.

[0049] Particularly advantageously, the element plate can comprise several, in particular parallel, rows of displacement devices. In particular, it can advantageously be provided that several, in particular identical, displacement devices are arranged in several mutually parallel, in particular straight, rows. In such a design, it can also advantageously be provided that at least one of the reinforcing elements of the element plate, in particular a reinforcing element designed as a lattice girder, protrudes from the upper side of the concrete board between the mutually parallel rows.

[0050] A semi-finished ceiling comprising several element panels according to the invention is particularly advantageous. The element panels are preferably of identical design.

[0051] The element slabs of the semi-prefabricated ceiling can advantageously be arranged relative to one another such that reinforcement bars can be or are inserted into the channels of adjacent element slabs parallel to one another across the element slabs at a distance of 40 cm or less, in particular at a distance in the range of 15 to 30 cm or from 20 cm to 25 cm or at a distance of 20 cm. Preferably, each channel contains exactly one reinforcement bar, although it is not excluded to arrange multiple reinforcement bars in at least one channel, in particular all channels.

[0052] In particular, it can advantageously be provided that the element slabs of the semi-prefabricated ceiling are arranged in such a way, and their displacement devices are designed and arranged in such a way that the reinforcement bars across the element slabs can be or are placed parallel to one another at a distance of 40 cm or less, in particular at a distance in the range of 15 to 30 cm or from 20 cm to 25 cm or at a distance of 20 cm, on support sections of the displacement devices of adjacent element slabs. In this way, it can advantageously be achieved that each of the reinforcement bars across the element slabs rests on support sections belonging to different element slabs.

[0053] The prefabricated slab according to the invention can advantageously be manufactured by arranging at least one reinforcement in a formwork, onto which the displacement devices are placed (preferably in straight, parallel rows). A programmable automatic movement device, in particular an industrial robot, can advantageously be used to position the displacement devices. This achieves a high level of precision, which is important for later, after installation of the finished prefabricated slab on the construction site, to be able to place the required reinforcement bars in the required manner.The formwork is then filled with liquid concrete until the vessel opening edges are arranged in the concrete and the vessel openings are closed by the concrete, wherein it can advantageously be provided that the formwork is filled with liquid concrete until the support sections of the support elements have a distance from the upper side of the concrete board in the range of 0.5 cm to 3 cm, in particular in the range of 0.5 cm to 1.5 cm. The displacement devices are preferably placed on the reinforcement in such a way that a channel running in the transverse direction is formed between each adjacent hollow vessel, into which channel a reinforcing bar can be inserted in the transverse direction in such a way that it projects laterally beyond the concrete board.

[0054] According to a particularly advantageous method, the element slab according to the invention is produced in such a way that at least one reinforcement is arranged in a formwork and the formwork is then filled with liquid concrete. The displacement devices (preferably several displacement devices in rows) are then pressed into the not yet hardened concrete until the vessel opening is arranged in the concrete and closed by the concrete. The displacement devices are preferably pressed into the not yet hardened concrete until the support section of the support element has a distance from the upper side of the concrete board (2) in the range of 0.5 cm to 3 cm, in particular in the range of 0.5 cm to 1.5 cm. The at least one displacement device can remain spaced from the reinforcement.In particular, the displacement device can advantageously, as already mentioned above, have a circumferential collar, wherein the collar is arranged relative to the support section of the support element such that the support section of the support element has a distance from the upper side of the concrete board in the range of 0.5 cm to 3 cm, in particular in the range of 0.5 cm to 1.5 cm, when the collar rests on the upper side of the concrete board. This facilitates precise pressing in of the at least one displacement device and prevents unwanted sinking of the pressed-in displacement device. In particular, this method can also advantageously make use of a programmable automatic movement device, in particular an industrial robot, which positions the displacement devices.In this way, a high level of accuracy is achieved, which is important in order to be able to place the necessary reinforcement bars in the required manner later on the construction site after the finished element slab has been installed.

[0055] A method for producing a concrete component, in particular a concrete ceiling or a concrete wall, using a plurality of element panels according to the invention (in particular arranged directly next to one another) is particularly advantageous, in which reinforcing bars are inserted across the element panels and run through the channels before the space above the element panels is filled with liquid in-situ concrete.According to an independent inventive concept, which can be implemented alone or in combination with one of the other features described in this application, an element plate for producing a semi-finished ceiling is particularly advantageous, comprising a reinforced concrete board, from the upper side of which at least one displacement device protrudes, which has at least one hollow vessel, the vessel opening of which is arranged in the concrete board and closed by the concrete of the concrete board, wherein on the outer side of the hollow vessel at least one support element is arranged with a support section arranged outside the concrete board for supporting a reinforcing bar, wherein the support section has a distance from the upper side of the concrete board in the range from 0.5 cm to 3 cm, in particular in the range from 0.5 cm to 1.5 cm.

[0056] The subject matter of the invention is illustrated schematically and by way of example in the drawing and is described below with reference to the figures, wherein identical or similarly acting elements are generally provided with the same reference numerals even in different embodiments. In the drawings:

[0057] Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of an element plate according to the invention,

[0058] Fig. 2 is a detailed view of the first embodiment of an element plate according to the invention,

[0059] Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of a displacement device for an element plate according to the invention in a perspective view from above,

[0060] Fig. 4 shows the embodiment of a displacement device for an element plate according to the invention in a plan view from above,

[0061] Fig. 5 shows the embodiment of a displacement device for an element plate according to the invention in a side view,

[0062] Fig. 6 shows the embodiment of a displacement device for an element plate according to the invention in a further side view,

[0063] Fig. 7 shows an embodiment of a displacement device for an element plate according to the invention in a perspective view from below,

[0064] Fig. 8 shows a further detailed view of the first embodiment of an element plate according to the invention,

[0065] Fig. 9 shows a further detailed view of the first embodiment of an element plate according to the invention,

[0066] Fig. 10 an embodiment of a semi-finished ceiling made of element panels according to the invention,

[0067] Fig. 1 1 a detailed view of the embodiment of a semi-finished ceiling made of element panels according to the invention in a perspective view,

[0068] Fig. 12 shows a further detailed view of the embodiment of a semi-finished ceiling made of element panels according to the invention with a reinforcement bar placed on top,

[0069] Fig. 13 shows a further embodiment of a displacement device for an element plate according to the invention in a sectional view,

[0070] Fig. 14 shows a further embodiment of a displacement device for an element plate according to the invention in a plan view from above,

[0071] Fig. 15 is a detailed view of a second embodiment of an element plate according to the invention,

[0072] Fig. 16 a detailed view of the second embodiment of an inventive

[0073] Element plate with reinforcement bars in a sectional view,

[0074] Fig. 17 is a detailed view of the second embodiment of an inventive

[0075] Element plate with reinforcement bars in plan view from above,

[0076] Fig. 18 the second embodiment of an element plate according to the invention in plan view from above,

[0077] Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a semi-finished ceiling made of element panels according to the invention according to the second embodiment with reinforcing bars placed on it in a plan view from above,

[0078] Fig. 20 is a diagram illustrating a possible method for producing an element plate according to the invention,

[0079] Fig. 21 is a diagram illustrating another possible method for producing an element plate according to the invention,

[0080] Fig. 22 shows a further embodiment of a displacement device for an element plate according to the invention in a perspective view from below,

[0081] Fig. 23 shows a further embodiment of a displacement device for an element plate according to the invention in a plan view from above,

[0082] Fig. 24 shows a further embodiment of a displacement device for an element plate according to the invention in a side view,

[0083] Fig. 25 shows a further embodiment of a displacement device for an element plate according to the invention in a further side view,

[0084] Fig. 26 shows the further embodiment of a displacement device for an element plate according to the invention in a perspective view from above,

[0085] Fig. 27 shows a further embodiment of an element plate according to the invention.

[0086] Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of an element panel 1 according to the invention for producing a semi-finished floor slab. The element panel 1 comprises a reinforced concrete board 2, from the upper side of which displacement devices 3 protrude, each having two hollow vessels 4. The vessel openings 5 ​​of the hollow vessels 4 are arranged in the concrete board 2 and closed by the concrete of the concrete board 2, as can be seen in detail in particular in Figures 2 and 8.

[0087] The concrete board 2 has an element plate length 23 along a longitudinal direction and an element plate width 24 along a transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, wherein the element plate length 23 is greater than the element plate width 24.

[0088] The element plate has a plurality of longitudinal reinforcement bars 22 extending in the longitudinal direction. The longitudinal reinforcement bars 22 are spaced from the top side of the concrete board 2 and arranged parallel to the top side 10 of the concrete board 2. In this way, a particularly high level of stability and rigidity of the concrete component to be produced is achieved.

[0089] Between adjacent hollow vessels 4, a transversely extending channel 14 is formed, into which a reinforcing bar 8 can be inserted transversely such that it projects laterally beyond the concrete board 2. For the sake of clarity, only two reinforcing bars 8 are shown in the figure. Preferably, during the manufacture of a semi-finished ceiling, a reinforcing bar 8 is inserted into each channel 14 across the element slab.

[0090] The channels 14 are designed and arranged such that the reinforcing bars 8 can be inserted at equal distances such that in each channel 14 a reinforcing bar 8 is arranged running in the transverse direction and adjacent reinforcing bars 8 have a distance of 40 cm or less, in particular of 20 cm.

[0091] On the outside of each of the hollow vessels 4, support elements 6 can be arranged with a support section 7 arranged outside the concrete board 2 for supporting a reinforcing bar 8 (not shown in Figure 1). The support section 7 can have a distance 9 from the upper side 10 of the concrete board 2 in the range of 0.5 cm to 3 cm, in particular in the range of 0.5 cm to 1.5 cm, which is shown in detail in Figure 2.

[0092] The displacement devices 3 are of identical design and are arranged in several straight and parallel rows.

[0093] Reinforcing elements 11 designed as lattice girders also protrude from the upper side 10 of the concrete board 2 between the mutually parallel rows of displacement devices 3. The longitudinal reinforcing bars 22 are attached to the free ends of the reinforcing elements 11.

[0094] Fig. 2 shows a detailed view of the first embodiment of an element plate according to the invention, wherein the concrete board 2 is shown in section.

[0095] The wall of each hollow vessel 4 has a vessel opening rim 12 that surrounds the vessel opening 5 and is concreted into the concrete board 2. This securely and permanently anchors each hollow vessel 4 in the concrete board 2.

[0096] The vessel opening edge 12 is delimited at the top by a circumferential collar 13 arranged on the outside of the displacement device 3, which rests on the upper side 10 of the concrete board 2. The two hollow vessels 4 of each displacement device 3 are connected to one another by means of support elements 7, wherein a groove 14 is formed between the hollow vessels 4 of each displacement device 3. The groove 14 can advantageously have a width 15 in the region of the support elements 7 in the range of 3 cm to 10 cm, in particular in the range of 3 cm to 7 cm or in the range of 6 to 8 cm, in particular 5 cm.

[0097] The distance 16 between immediately adjacent displacement devices 3 of a row, which defines the width 15 of the channel formed therebetween, can advantageously be in the range from 3 cm to 10 cm, in particular in the range from 3 cm to 7 cm or in the range from 6 to 8 cm, in particular 5 cm.

[0098] The displacement devices 3 are therefore designed and arranged such that reinforcing bars 8 (not shown in this figure) can be placed on the support elements 6 at a distance 17 of 40 cm or less, in particular of 30 cm or less or in the range of 15 to 30 cm or in the range of 20 cm to 25 cm, and very particularly at a distance 17 of 20 cm.

[0099] Spacers 18 are arranged on the top side of each hollow vessel 4. The spacers 18 are rib-shaped. Additional reinforcement (not shown in the figures), in particular reinforcing bars or reinforcement mats, can be placed on the spacers 18 on the construction site before concreting, whereby the spacers 18 prevent direct contact of the additional reinforcement with the walls of the hollow vessels 4.

[0100] Figures 3 to 7 show various views of an embodiment of a displacement device 3 for the first embodiment of an element plate 1 according to the invention. The displacement device 3 is preferably manufactured in one piece as a plastic injection-molded part.

[0101] Fig. 8 shows a further detailed view of the first embodiment of an element plate 1 according to the invention, wherein the concrete board 2 is shown in section. It can be seen that the wall of each hollow vessel 4 has a vessel opening edge 12 that surrounds the vessel opening 5 and is arranged in the concrete board 2, whereby each hollow vessel 4 is securely and permanently anchored in the concrete board 2, which is particularly clearly visible in the further detailed view of Fig. 9. Also visible in Fig. 8 are reinforcing bars 8 that are placed on the support elements 6.

[0102] Figures 10 and 11 show an embodiment of a semi-finished ceiling made up of several element panels 1 according to the invention according to the first embodiment, wherein reinforcing bars 8 are arranged across the element panels and parallel to each other on support sections

[0103] 7 of the displacement devices 3 of immediately adjacent element plates 1 are placed.

[0104] Fig. 12 shows a further detailed view of the embodiment of a semi-finished ceiling made of element panels 1 according to the invention. In Figure 12, a reinforcing bar 8 can be seen, which is placed in the channel 14 on the support sections 7 of the support elements 6, which connect the hollow vessels 4 to one another.

[0105] Figures 13 and 14 schematically show a further embodiment of a displacement device 3 for an element plate 1 according to the invention in a sectional view. The displacement device 3 has two hollow vessels 4, which are connected to one another by means of several support elements 6, wherein a groove 14 is formed between the hollow vessels 4 of each displacement device 3.

[0106] Fig. 15 shows a detailed view of a second embodiment of an element plate 1 according to the invention, which has several of the displacement devices 3 shown in Figures 14 and 15, wherein the support section has a distance 9 to the upper side of the concrete board in the range of 0.5 cm to 3 cm, in particular in the range of 0.5 cm to 1.5 cm.

[0107] The displacement devices 3 are designed and arranged such that reinforcing bars 8 (not shown in this figure) can be placed on the support elements 6 at a distance of 40 cm or less, in particular at a distance 17 of 30 cm or less or at a distance 17 in the range of 15 to 30 cm, in particular in the range of 20 cm to 25 cm, and very particularly at a distance 17 of 20 cm or 20 cm, as shown in Figure 16.

[0108] A reinforcement 19 is arranged in the concrete board 2. Additional reinforcements (not shown in Figures 15 to 21) may be present, in particular reinforcements that protrude from the upper side 10 of the concrete board 2.

[0109] Fig. 17 shows a detailed view of the second embodiment of an element plate 1 according to the invention with reinforcing bars 8 placed on it in a plan view from above.

[0110] It can be seen (see, for example, the area within the dashed circle) that the outwardly directed support elements 6 of the displacement devices 3 are longer than half the distance between immediately adjacent displacement devices 3. It can also be seen (see, for example, the area within the dashed circle) that these outwardly directed support elements 6 of the displacement devices 3 are arranged, in particular off-center, in such a way that the support elements 6 of immediately adjacent displacement devices 3 in the same row do not spatially obstruct one another, but are arranged offset from one another. The reinforcing bars 8 running between the displacement devices 3 therefore rest simultaneously on the support elements 6 of both immediately adjacent displacement devices 3.

[0111] Fig. 18 shows the second embodiment of an element plate 1 according to the invention in a top view. The element plate 1 has several identical displacement devices 3 arranged in several parallel straight rows.

[0112] Fig. 19 shows an embodiment of a semi-finished ceiling made of element panels 1 according to the invention according to the second embodiment with reinforcing bars 8 placed across the element panels on support sections 7 in a plan view from above.

[0113] Fig. 20 shows a representation to illustrate a possibility for producing an element plate 1 according to the invention.

[0114] The element slab 1 can be produced, for example, by arranging at least one reinforcement 19 in a formwork 20 and by placing the displacement devices 3 on the reinforcement 19, each with the vessel opening 5 directed towards the reinforcement, in such a way that the vessel opening edge 12 is in direct contact with the reinforcement 19. The concrete board 2 is then concreted by pouring in liquid concrete, with sufficient liquid concrete being poured into the formwork 20 until the vessel opening edge 12 is surrounded by concrete. The hollow vessels 4 each have a circumferential collar 13 which marks the upper end region of the vessel opening edge 12 and up to which liquid concrete (not shown in Figure 20) is poured into the formwork 20 to produce the concrete board 2.The displacement devices 3 can be placed in particular by means of a programmable automatic movement device (not shown in Figure 21), in particular by means of an industrial robot.

[0115] Figure 21 shows a representation to illustrate another possible method for producing an element plate 1 according to the invention.

[0116] In the other method, the element slab 1 according to the invention is produced in such a way that at least one reinforcement 19 is arranged in a formwork 20 and the formwork 20 is then filled with liquid concrete 21. Thereafter, a plurality of displacement devices 3 are pressed into the not yet hardened concrete 21 until their vessel openings 5 ​​are arranged in the concrete 21 and closed by the concrete 21 and the support sections 7 of the support elements 6 have a distance from the upper side 10 of the concrete 21 in the range of 0.5 cm to 3 cm, in particular in the range of 0.5 cm to 1.5 cm.

[0117] The displacement devices 3 have a circumferential collar, wherein the collar 6 is arranged relative to the support section 7 of the support element 6 such that the support section 7 of the support element 6 has a vertical distance from the underside of the collar 13 in the range of 0.5 cm to 3 cm, in particular in the range of 0.5 cm to 1.5 cm. This design makes it possible for the displacement devices 3 to be easily inserted into the liquid concrete until the collar 13 comes into contact with the upper side 10 of the concrete 21.

[0118] In particular, in this method, a programmable automatic movement device (not shown in Figure 21), in particular an industrial robot, can also be used advantageously, which places the displacement devices 3.

[0119] Figures 22 to 26 show a further embodiment of a displacement device 3 for an element plate 1 according to the invention in various views. The displacement device 3 is preferably manufactured in one piece as a plastic injection-molded part.

[0120] Figure 2 shows a further embodiment of an element plate 1 according to the invention.

[0121] The element plate 1 has three different areas 27, 28, 29.

[0122] First displacement devices 25 are arranged in the first region 27. Second displacement devices 26 are arranged in the second region 28, which differ from the first displacement devices 25 in terms of their shape and / or their size and / or their volume. The first displacement devices 25 have a larger volume than the second displacement devices 26. As a result, smaller displacement devices 25 with a smaller displacement volume are arranged in the second regions 26 of the element slab 1, in which a greater load is to be expected in the concrete component to be produced, while larger displacement devices 26 with a larger displacement volume are arranged in the first regions of the element slab 1, in which a lower load is to be expected in the concrete component to be produced.In this way, it is advantageously achieved that the concrete component has more concrete in the second area of ​​greater load than in the first areas 25 of lower load. The third area 29 of the element slab 1 is free of displacement devices 25, 26, although it is so large that displacement devices as large as the first and second displacement devices 25, 26 could be arranged there. This advantageously ensures that the concrete component to be produced has the maximum possible amount of concrete in the third area and therefore has particularly high stability and / or load-bearing capacity there.

[0123]

[0124] 1 element plate

[0125] 2 concrete boards

[0126] 3 Displacement device

[0127] 4 hollow vessel

[0128] 5 Vessel opening

[0129] 6 support element

[0130] 7 Laying section

[0131] 8 Reinforcing bar

[0132] 9 Distance

[0133] 10 Top

[0134] 11 lattice girders

[0135] 12 Vessel opening edge

[0136] 13 collars

[0137] 14 Gutter

[0138] 15 width

[0139] 16 Distance

[0140] 17 Distance

[0141] 18 spacers

[0142] 19 Reinforcement

[0143] 20 formwork

[0144] 21 Liquid Concrete

[0145] 22 Longitudinal reinforcement bar

[0146] 23 Element plate length

[0147] 24 element panel width

[0148] 25 first displacement device

[0149] 26 second displacement device

[0150] 27 first area

[0151] 28 second area

[0152] 29 third area

Claims

Patent claims 1. Element slab (1) for producing a semi-finished floor, comprising a reinforced concrete board (2) which has an element slab length (23) along a longitudinal direction and an element slab width (24) along a transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, and from whose upper side (10) protrude a plurality of, in particular identical, displacement devices (3), each of which has at least one hollow vessel (4), the vessel opening (5) of which is arranged in the concrete board (2) and closed by the concrete of the concrete board (2), wherein the element slab (1) has a plurality of longitudinal reinforcement bars (22) extending in the longitudinal direction and arranged at a distance from the upper side (10) of the concrete board (2), characterized in that between adjacent hollow vessels (4) a transversely extending groove (14) is formed, into which a reinforcing bar (8) can be inserted in the transverse direction in such a way thatthat it protrudes laterally beyond the concrete board (2).

2. Element plate (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the channels (14) are designed and arranged in such a way that a plurality of reinforcing bars (8) can be inserted at equal distances in such a way that a reinforcing bar (8) is arranged in each channel (14) running in the transverse direction and adjacent reinforcing bars (8) have a distance (17) of 40 cm or less, in particular at a distance (17) of 30 cm or less or at a distance (17) in the range from 15 to 30 cm or in the range from 20 cm to 25 cm or of 20 cm.

3. Element plate (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the grooves (14) each have a width (15) in the range from 3 cm to 10 cm, in particular in the range from 3 cm to 7 cm or in the range from 6 cm to 8 cm or of 5 cm.

4. Element plate (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the longitudinal reinforcement bars (22) running in the longitudinal direction are arranged parallel to the upper side (10) of the concrete board (2).

5. Element plate (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a. reinforcing elements (11) protrude from the concrete board 2, in particular designed as lattice girders, to which the longitudinal reinforcing bars (22) are fastened, or that b. reinforcing elements (11) protrude from the concrete board 2, in particular designed as lattice girders, to whose free ends the longitudinal reinforcing bars (22) are fastened.

6. Element plate (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the reinforcing elements (11) are arranged in several straight and mutually parallel rows and that one of the longitudinal reinforcing bars (22) is fastened to the reinforcing elements (11) of a row.

7. Element plate (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that at least one row of reinforcing elements (11) runs between two straight and mutually parallel rows of displacement devices (3).

8. Element plate (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a. the longitudinal reinforcement bars (22) extend over the entire element plate length or that a longitudinal reinforcement bar length of the longitudinal reinforcement bars (22) is 0.8 to 1.0 times, in particular 0.9 to 1.0 times, the element plate length, and / or that b. the element plate length (23) is greater than the element plate width (24).

9. Element plate (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that on the outside of at least one of each two adjacent hollow vessels (4) at least one support element (6) with a support section (7) arranged outside the concrete board (2) for placing a reinforcing bar (8) is arranged, wherein the support section (7) has a distance (9) to the upper side (10) of the concrete board (2) in the range from 0.5 cm to 3 cm, in particular in the range from 0.5 cm to 1.5 cm.

10. Element plate (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that the support element (6) is elongated and / or that the support element (6) is designed as a support rod, in particular a cylindrical one. 1 1. Element plate (1) according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the support section (7) has a concave shape and / or is concavely curved.

12. Element plate (1) according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the at least one support element (6) and the hollow vessel (4) are manufactured together in one piece, in particular by injection molding.

13. Element plate (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that at least one section of the wall of each hollow vessel (4), in particular at least one of the hollow vessels (4), is curved and / or that the wall of each hollow vessel (4), in particular at least one of the hollow vessels (4), has a curved, in particular circular segment-shaped, section in a horizontal cross-sectional plane.

14. Element plate (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the wall of each hollow vessel (4), in particular at least one of the hollow vessels (4), has at least one flat section.

15. Element plate (1) according to claim 14, characterized in that the flat section is arranged at an angle of 70 degrees to 90 degrees to the upper side (10) of the concrete board (2).

16. Element plate (1) according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the wall of each hollow vessel (4), in particular at least one of the hollow vessels (4), has a section parallel to the upper side (10) of the concrete board (2).

17. Element plate (1) according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that a section of the wall of each hollow vessel (4), in particular of at least one of the hollow vessels (4), has the shape of a spherical section.

18. Element plate (1) according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that on the upper side of each hollow vessel (4), in particular at least one of the hollow vessels (4), at least one, in particular rib-shaped and / or web-shaped, spacer is arranged. 1 . Element plate (1 ) according to one of claims 9 to 18, characterized in that a. the support element (6) is shorter in a direction, in particular perpendicular, away from the wall of the hollow vessel (4) than the length and the width of the vessel opening (5), and / or that b. the support element (6) is longer in a direction, in particular perpendicular, away from the wall of the hollow vessel (4) than half the distance between immediately adjacent displacement devices (3).

20. Element plate (1) according to one of claims 9 to 19, characterized in that the support element (6) protrudes, in particular vertically, from the wall of the hollow vessel (4).

21. Element plate (1) according to one of claims 9 to 20, characterized in that several support elements (6) are arranged on the outside of the hollow vessel (4), which protrude in different directions, in particular in opposite directions, from the wall of the hollow vessel (4).

22. Element plate (1) according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that each hollow vessel (4), in particular at least one of the hollow vessels (4), has a vessel opening edge (12) which is arranged in the concrete board (2).

23. Element plate (1) according to claim 22, characterized in that the vessel opening edge (12) in the concrete board (2) is in direct contact with a reinforcement.

24. Element plate (1) according to claim 23, characterized in that the vessel opening edge (12) has a height in the vertical direction in the range of 0.5 cm to 3 cm.

25. Element plate (1) according to one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that each hollow vessel (4), in particular at least one of the hollow vessels (4), and / or each displacement device (3), in particular at least one of the displacement devices (3), has a circumferential collar (13).

26. Element plate (1) according to claim 25, characterized in that the collar (13) rests on the upper side (10) of the concrete board (2).

27. Element plate (1) according to claim 25 or 26, characterized in that the collar (13) has a width in the range of 0.5 cm to 2 cm.

28. Element plate (1) according to one of claims 1 to 27, characterized in that each displacement device (3), in particular at least one of the displacement devices (3), has one, in particular exactly one, further hollow vessel (4), and that the hollow vessel (4) and the further hollow vessel (4) are connected to one another by means of the at least one support element.

29. Element plate (1) according to claim 28, characterized in that the at least one support element (6) and the hollow vessel (4) and the further hollow vessel (4) are manufactured together in one piece, in particular by injection molding.

30. Element plate (1) according to claim 28 or 29, characterized in that the hollow vessel (4) and the further hollow vessel (4) are connected to one another by means of a plurality of support elements (6).

31. Element plate (1) according to one of claims 28 to 30, characterized in that at least two of the support elements (6) are of identical design and / or are arranged parallel to one another.

32. Element plate (1) according to one of claims 9 to 31, characterized in that the support section (7) of each of the support elements (6) has a distance from the upper side (10) of the concrete board (2) in the range of 0 cm to 3 cm.

33. Element plate (1) according to one of claims 28 to 32, characterized in that one of the grooves (14) is formed between the hollow vessel (4) and the further hollow vessel (4).

34. Element plate (1) according to claim 33, characterized in that the groove (14) is formed partly by a, in particular flat, outer wall of the hollow vessel (4) and partly by a, in particular flat, outer wall of the further hollow vessel (4).

35. Element plate (1) according to claim 33 or 34, characterized in that the outer walls of the hollow vessel (4) and of the further hollow vessel (4) which form part of the channel are arranged in planes which have an angle in the range of 0 degrees to 30 degrees to one another.

36. Element plate (1) according to one of claims 28 to 35, characterized in that the element plate (1) has at least one of the following features: a. the hollow vessel (4) and the further hollow vessel (4) are of identical design, b. the hollow vessel (4) and the further hollow vessel (4) are of the same size, c. the hollow vessel (4) and the further hollow vessel (4) have the same shape.

37. Element plate (1) according to one of claims 28 to 36, characterized in that the hollow vessel (4) and the further hollow vessel (4) are designed and arranged mirror-symmetrically to one another.

38. Element plate (1) according to one of claims 28 to 37, characterized in that the vessel opening (5) of the further hollow vessel (4) is arranged in the concrete board (2) and is closed by the concrete of the concrete board (2).

39. Element plate (1) according to one of claims 28 to 38, characterized in that the vessel openings of the hollow vessel (4) and the further hollow vessel (4) are arranged completely in a common plane.

40. Element plate (1) according to one of claims 1 to 39, characterized in that the space above the at least one support element is free.

41. Element plate (1) according to one of claims 1 to 38, characterized in that the plurality of, in particular identical, displacement devices (3) are arranged in a, in particular straight, row.

42. Element plate (1) according to one of claims 1 to 39, characterized in that in the row the distance between immediately adjacent displacement devices (3) is in the range from 3 cm to 10 cm, in particular in the range from 3 cm to 7 cm or in the range from 6 cm to 8 cm, in particular 5 cm.

43. Element plate (1) according to one of claims 1 to 40, characterized in that the plurality of, in particular identical, displacement devices (3) are arranged in several mutually parallel, in particular straight, rows.

44. Element plate (1) according to one of claims 9 to 43, characterized in that the displacement devices (3) are designed and arranged such that the reinforcing bars (8) can be placed on the support sections (7) parallel to one another and each of 40 cm or less, in particular of 30 cm or less or at a distance in the range of 15 to 30 cm, in particular in the range of 20 cm to 25 cm, and very particularly at a distance of 20 cm.

45. Element plate (1) according to one of claims 9 to 43, characterized in that the element plate (1) has at least two displacement devices (3) which differ from one another in terms of their shape and / or their size and / or their volume.

46. ​​Semi-finished ceiling comprising several, in particular identical, element panels (1) according to one of claims 1 to 45.

47. Semi-finished ceiling according to claim 46, characterized in that the element panels (1) are arranged relative to one another in such a way that reinforcing bars (8) can be or are inserted into the channels (14) of adjacent element panels (1) across element panels parallel to one another at a distance of 40 cm or less, in particular at a distance in the range of 15 to 30 cm or from 20 cm to 25 cm or at a distance of 20 cm.

48. Semi-finished ceiling according to claim 46 or 47, characterized in that the element panels (1) are arranged in such a way and their displacement devices (3) are designed and arranged in such a way that reinforcing bars (8) across element panels parallel to one another at a distance of 40 cm or less, in particular at a distance in the range of 15 to 30 cm or from 20 cm to 25 cm or at a distance of 20 cm, can be or are placed on support sections (7) of the displacement devices (3) of adjacent element panels (1).

49. Concrete component, in particular concrete ceiling, which has a plurality of element panels (1) according to one of claims 1 to 45 or a semi-finished ceiling according to one of claims 46 to 48, and / or which is produced using a plurality of element panels (1) according to one of claims 1 to 45 or using a semi-finished ceiling according to one of claims 46 to 48.

50. A method for producing an element plate (1) according to one of claims 1 to 45, characterized in that a. at least one reinforcement (19) is arranged in a formwork, onto which the displacement devices (3) are placed in such a way that in each case adjacent hollow vessels (4) each have a transversely extending channel (14) into which a reinforcing bar (8) can be inserted transversely such that it projects laterally beyond the concrete board (2), and that the formwork (20) is then filled with liquid concrete until the vessel opening (5) is arranged in the concrete and closed by the concrete, in particular until the support section (7) of the support element (6) has a distance (9) from the upper side (10) of the concrete board (2) in the range from 0.5 cm to 3 cm, in particular in the range from 0.5 cm to 1.5 cm, or that b.at least one reinforcement (19) is arranged in a formwork and the formwork (20) is then filled with liquid concrete and that the displacement devices (3) are then arranged in such a way that between each adjacent hollow vessel (4) there is formed a transversely extending channel (14) into which a reinforcing bar (8) can be inserted transversely in such a way that it projects laterally beyond the concrete board (2) and is pressed into the not yet hardened concrete until the vessel opening (5) is arranged in the concrete and is closed by the concrete, in particular until the support section (7) of the support element (6) is at a distance (9) from the upper side (10) of the concrete board (2) in the range from 0.5 cm to 3 cm, in particular in the range from 0.5 cm to 1.5 cm.

51. Method according to claim 50, characterized in that the displacement devices (3) are positioned by means of a robot.

52. Method for producing a concrete component, in particular a concrete ceiling or a concrete wall, using a plurality of element panels (1) according to one of claims 1 to 45, in particular arranged directly next to one another, characterized in that reinforcing bars are inserted across the element panels into the grooves (14) of the displacement devices (3), and that the space above the element panels (1) is then filled with liquid concrete.

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