System for prefabricated buildings and a building erection method

Abstract

The subject of the invention is a system for prefabricated buildings and a building erection method based on said system. The system of the invention comprises a horizontal and a vertical structure. The horizontal structure comprises a framework and connecting panels fixed to the framework. The framework is based on a virtual grid and consists of any number of grid units of rectangular shape, each grid unit consisting of interconnected connectors and beams. The vertical structure comprises columns, primary wall panels connecting the columns to a wall, and optional auxiliary wall panels and / or filling structures. As the framework is based on a virtual grid, it is possible to horizontally extend a building layout in both the x and y axes by a minimum of one grid unit. At the design stage, the number of grid units that make up the horizontal structure and the necessary structural elements and their number are defined. In this way, a prefabricated building can be made with standardised structural elements and the individual elements are connected to each other in a way that allows their fixing to each other by way of a single screw type.

Description

[0001] System for prefabricated buildings and a building erection method

[0002] The subject of the invention is a system for prefabricated buildings and a building erection method based on said system.

[0003] The system and the erection method are suitable for erecting various types of buildings, such as residential, commercial, or office buildings. Preferably, the system for buildings and the building erection method of the invention are used for the erection of single-storey or two-storey buildings.

[0004] The system of the invention comprises a horizontal and a vertical structure.

[0005] The horizontal structure comprises a framework and horizontal connecting panels fixed to the framework. The framework is based on a virtual grid and consists of any number of grid units of rectangular shape, each grid unit consisting of interconnected connectors and beams. The virtual grid is defined at the design stage, wherein the virtual grid is used as a basis to determine the number of grid units that make up the horizontal structure and, in addition, to define the necessary structural elements and their number.

[0006] The vertical structure comprises columns, wall panels connecting the columns to a wall, and optional auxiliary wall panels and / or filling structures.

[0007] As the framework is based on a virtual grid, it is possible to horizontally extend a building layout in both the x and y axes by a minimum of one grid unit. Horizontal building outline can therefore comprise any number of grid units in the x and y directions and may also comprise openings, e.g. for the installation of a staircase. This makes the shape of the horizontal building outline freely flexible and is not limited to a rectangular shape.

[0008] The horizontal and vertical structures, with respective structural elements, allow for the fabrication of a prefabricated building system with standardised structural elements. Individual elements are connected to each other in a way that allows their fixing to each other by way of a single fixing means in each structure (horizontal or vertical), e. g. the same screw type. A connector and a column are connected to each other without or with the use of an additional fixing means, e.g. a threaded rod, depending on the design.

[0009] Both the horizontal and vertical structures and the method of their installation of the invention are carried out in a way that offers a favourable flexibility / prefabrication ratio, thus optimizing the process of a building layout and erection. A small number of required prefabricated structural elements of simple shapes (such as a block) allows for their fabrication on an industrial scale and at low price. When being built in, the structural elements are also connected to a structure based on repeating elements in a virtual grid, which allows a simple and flexible layout and erection of buildings. Numerous ways of layout and erection of buildings are known, which can be divided into flexible or individual and modular ones. Flexible, i.e. individual layouts, require the use of a large number of customised structural elements, which complicates and prolongs the process of designing, fabricating and erecting buildings. On the other hand, modular layouts include a smaller number of structural elements which are prefabricated but have a more limited flexibility. There are also solutions somewhere in-between where modularity and flexibility are usually mutually exclusive; that is, the more flexibility we want, the more complex the layout and erection will be, and the more different types of structural elements will be needed.

[0010] One of the solutions that includes prefabricated elements for building erection is disclosed in CN210917711 U. The document discloses a system for buildings and a method for its erection that comprises prefabricated structural elements, such as foundations, connectors, connecting elements that connect columns and beams, columns, wall panels and roof elements. The beams are arranged into a framework that connects individual connectors. The connectors are provided with ribs, into which the beams fit. An additional connecting element is fixed to the beams, which enables fixation of a vertical column. The described system for buildings and the erection method are relatively simple but comprise elements of complex shapes fabricated from a variety of materials (e.g. concrete, steel). The flexibility of the system is also rather limited.

[0011] DE440761 C describes beams interconnected by pins and fixing means to form a structural grid structure, and interconnected at a single point of intersection to form a connecting element in which the beams are offset from each other so that each beam abuts on the side face of an adjacent beam. DE556280C describes a similar solution to interconnecting individual beams, which describes an additional custom- made shape of the end sections of the beams, which are interconnected with other beams in a common connecting element. In both solutions, the end sections of the beams must be adapted to allow attachment to the adjacent beams in the connecting element.

[0012] Like DE440761 C and DE556280C, AT113209B discloses an arrangement of beams to form a selfcarrying square grid, which beams abut on each other. In addition to the primary beams, it is proposed to insert shorter secondary beams parallel to the primary beams, which further reinforce the load-bearing capacity of the horizontal structure.

[0013] These documents describe a load-bearing structure, but the end sections of the beams have to be adapted to allow fixing in the connecting element, so they are relatively time-consuming to produce. Nor do these solutions describe the placement of the structure on the ground (e.g. via foundations, connectors or columns) and the installation of vertical elements (e.g. columns, walls) onto the horizontal structure.

[0014] The system for prefabricated buildings and the building erection method of the invention propose an alternative solution that comprises structural elements of simple shapes, with the layout and the erection method of buildings being simple. As the individual structural elements are simple in shapes, they can be manufactured entirely on an industrial scale in a time-efficient method. Furthermore, the solution of the invention offers a high level of flexibility as it allows a layout of the horizontal structure in various shapes, as the structure is limited by the size of a grid unit. It also allows an arbitrary arrangement of the vertical structures, i.e. walls and independent columns, so that the layout and shape of the rooms can be configured in any way.

[0015] The aim is therefore to develop a system for buildings and a building erection method that maximises the automation of design, the standardisation of elements and the simplicity of building erection. In addition, the system allows for the flexibility and individual layout of each building - an unlimited number of possible layouts.

[0016] Said technical problem is solved by a system for prefabricated buildings and a building erection method of the invention, wherein the invention is described in more detail hereinbelow and illustrated on the figures which show:

[0017] Figure 1 : A framework comprising beams and connectors.

[0018] Figure 2: A grid unit of a rectangular shape and a connecting element, top view.

[0019] Figure 3: A grid unit of a square shape and a connecting element, top view.

[0020] Figure 4: A horizontal structure comprising a framework with connecting panels.

[0021] Figure 5: A vertical structure comprising columns and connecting walls and installed onto a horizontal structure.

[0022] Figure 6: A vertical structure comprising in addition to columns and connecting walls also filling structures and is installed onto the horizontal structure.

[0023] Figure 7: An upper horizontal structure installed onto the vertical structure.

[0024] Asystem for prefabricated buildings comprises a horizontal structure 13 (upper and bottom) and a vertical structure 14 (walls).

[0025] The horizontal structure 13 comprises a framework 9 and connecting panels 5 fixed to the framework 9. The framework 9 is shown in Figure 1 . It is based on a virtual grid and consists of any number of grid units. The grid units are rectangular in shape as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3. The grid units are preferably square in shape. The framework 9 comprises horizontal structural elements that comprise connectors 1 , base beams 2, auxiliary beams 3 and fixing means that connect said horizontal structural elements to grid units and thus to a grid structure, wherein horizontal gaps 4 are formed in the grid units.

[0026] The connector 1 has the shape of an upright rectangular cuboid having a square for its base. The base beams 2, which are subdivided into primary base beams 2A and secondary base beams 2B, and the auxiliary beams 3 are formed as flat bodies, each beam having two side faces, i.e. those with a larger surface, two cover faces that, when the framework 9 is assembled, abut on the side faces of the respective adjacent base beams 2, and an upper and a bottom face, on which, when the horizontal structure 13 is assembled, the connecting panels 5 lie. All horizontal structural elements have the same height which is identical to the height of the connector 1. All base beams 2 have the same thickness. Preferably, but not necessarily, the auxiliary beams 3 also have the same thickness as the base beams 2. The beams 2, 3 have different lengths that depend on the position of the beam 2, 3 in the framework 9 and on the position of the beam 2, 3 in a grid unit. The length of the primary base beam 2A is thus equal to the sum of the distance between the opposing circumferential faces of the adjacent connectors 1 connected by the primary base beam 2A and twice the width of the circumferential face of the connector 1 . The length of the secondary base beam 2B is equal to the sum of the width of the circumferential face of the connector 1 and the thickness of the base beam 2. The length of the auxiliary beam 3 is equal to the distance between the opposing circumferential faces of the adjacent connectors 1 connected by the primary base beam 2A, less twice the thickness of the base beam 2.

[0027] For the purpose of defining the grid unit, the terms “connecting element 10” and “connecting structure 11 ” are introduced, which are not independent elements of the horizontal structure 13, but are composed of individual elements of the horizontal structure 13 or parts thereof, but are necessary for understanding and interpretation.

[0028] A connecting element 10 is formed as a windmill comprising a connector 1 in its centre, the circumferential face of the connector 1 and simultaneously also the cover face of a next base beam 2 abutting on the side face of each base beam 2 in the connecting element 10, the cover face of the base beam 2 and the corresponding circumferential face of the connector 1 being in the same plane, which holds true for all four base beams 2 which abut on the common connector 1 .

[0029] So, each base beam 2 which abuts with a portion of its side face onto a corresponding circumferential face of the connector 1 , abuts with its cover face onto a corresponding side face of the base beam 2 which is fixed to a next circumferential face of the common connector 1 . For instance, a first base beam 2 which abuts onto a first circumferential face of the connector 1 , abuts with its cover face onto a side face of a second base beam 2 which abuts onto a second circumferential face of the connector 1 , the second circumferential face of the connector 1 being perpendicular with respect to the first one. A second base beam 2 abuts with its cover face onto a side face of a third base beam 2 which abuts onto a third circumferential face of the connector 1 . A third base beam 2 abuts with its cover face onto a side face of a fourth base beam 2 which abuts onto a fourth circumferential face of the connector 1 . A fourth base beam 2 abuts with its cover face onto a side face of the first base beam 2.

[0030] The connecting elements 10 are interconnected to grid units: the connectors 1 of the adjacent connecting elements 10 are connected with a primary base beam 2A, wherein, depending on the position in the framework 9, a respective connecting element 10 can belong to one, two, three or four grid units.

[0031] Depending on the position of a connecting element 10 in the framework 9, the same number of primary base beams 2A as the number of directly connected adjacent connecting elements or connectors 1 is thus fixed to the circumferential faces of the connector 1 . Secondary base beams 2B are fixed to the remaining circumferential faces of the connector 1 .

[0032] Two adjacent connecting elements 10 in the framework 9 or in the grid unit are directly connected through a connecting structure 11 , the connecting structure 11 comprising a portion of the primary base beam 2A positioned between said two adjacent connecting elements 10, and the auxiliary beam 3 parallel thereto. Each primary base beam 2A is fixed to the circumferential face of the connectors 1 in two adjacent connecting elements 10, wherein the circumferential faces, once fixed, are adjacent to the same common grid unit. The auxiliary beam 3 abuts with its two cover faces onto the side faces of the two base beams 2 which are fixed to the connecting elements 10 perpendicularly with respect to their common connecting structure 11. Optionally, the two cover faces of the auxiliary beam 3 and the two side faces of the base beams 2 can be formed as a carpentry joint, which means that they comprise grooves and notches instead of flat faces.

[0033] Centrally in the grid unit a central horizontal gap 4A is formed. In the connecting structure 11 , a boundary horizontal gap 4B is formed between a portion of the primary base beam 2A positioned between two adjacent connecting elements 10, and the auxiliary beam 3 parallel thereto. The boundary horizontal gap 4B has a length that equals the length of the auxiliary beam 3 and has preferably a width that equals the width of the base face of the connector 1 .

[0034] So, a grid unit comprises four connecting elements 10 in its corners, corresponding connecting structures 11 that connect the connecting elements 10, and a central horizontal gap 4A. Two adjacent grid units share two connecting elements 10 connected with a connecting structure 11. As to their position in the framework 9, a respective connecting structure 11 can belong to one or two grid units, while a respective connecting element 10, depending on its position in the framework 9, belongs to one, two, three or four grid units.

[0035] The virtual grid-based framework 9 comprises any number of mutually connected grid units.

[0036] A base beam 2 and an auxiliary beam 3 that lie on a common line are alternately installed in adjacent grid units, which means that each base beam 2 is followed by an auxiliary beam 3 in the adjacent grid, and vice versa. Upon installation of the horizontal structure 13, as shown in Figure 4, connecting panels 5 abut on the framework 9 both on the bottom and upper sides, closing the horizontal gaps 4 in the framework 9.

[0037] The connecting panels 5 are divided into primary connecting panels 5A, secondary connecting panels 5B and tertiary connecting panels 5C.

[0038] Upon installation, a respective primary connecting panel 5A covers with its larger face a central horizontal gap 4A and two opposite boundary horizontal gaps 4B and is fixed to the upper or bottom faces of the beams 2, 3 which enclose said gaps. The primary connecting panels 5A are fixed to the framework 9 in a way that each subsequent primary connecting panel 5A is rotated by 90 degrees with respect to the previous primary connecting panel 5A, the longer side of the primary connecting panel 5A is perpendicular with respect to the longer side of a subsequent, second primary connecting panel 5A in x and y directions in the same plane. Upon installation of the horizontal structure 13, the primary connecting panels 5A abut on the framework 9 on the bottom side (function as stretch panels) and the upper side (function as pressure panels), the primary connecting panels 5A on the bottom side of the framework being also mutually rotated by 90 degrees with respect to the primary connecting panels 5A on the upper side of the framework 9. The two primary connecting panels 5A which cover a common central horizontal gap 4A on the upper and bottom sides of the framework 9 are also rotated by 90 degrees with respect to each other, which contributes to an optimal distribution of the stretch and pressure loads. So, if a primary connecting panel 5A abuts on the upper side on the framework 9 with its longer side along the x axis, then the primary connecting panel 5A abuts on the bottom side on the framework 9 with its shorter side along the x axis. Partial overlapping of the upper and bottom primary connecting panels 5A is thus made possible. The overlapping of the panels allows for a better transfer of forces over the horizontal structure 13.

[0039] Upon installation, secondary connecting panels 5B with their larger face cover the remaining boundary horizontal gaps 4B located at the edges of the horizontal structure 13 or at its openings (e.g. staircase opening) and are fixed to the upper or bottom faces of the beams 2, 3 that enclose the gap 4B.

[0040] Tertiary connecting panels 5C are to be installed at sites where no column 6 is foreseen in orderto achieve a flat surface of the horizontal structure 13. The tertiary connecting panels 5C are preferably fixed to the base beams 2.

[0041] The connecting panels 5 are fixed to the framework 9 by way of fixing means. They must particularly be fixed to the base beams 2 and auxiliary beams 3 they abut upon, such that a sufficient structural integrity of the horizontal structure 13 is provided for. Structural integrity comprises a structure’s strength, stability and persistency to withstand loads, forces and to preserve functionality and safety. So, a connection of the connecting panels 5 which are fixed via common base beams 2 and / or auxiliary beams 3 and their further connection with adjacent horizontal structural elements ensures that the forces are distributed over the entire horizontal structure 13.

[0042] The framework 9 that consists of any number of grid units thus allows any possible horizontal layout extension in the x and y axes by a minimum of one grid unit. A vertical structure 14 that is placed on top of the horizontal structure 13 is shown in Figure 5. The vertical structure 14 comprises columns 6 and wall panels 7. The wall panels 7 comprise primary wall panels 7A that connect columns 6 to a wall, and optional auxiliary wall panels 7B and / or filling structures.

[0043] The column 6 has the shape of an upright rectangular cuboid having a square for its base. Upon installation, each column 6 abuts with its base onto a part of the upper or bottom face of a corresponding connecting element 10, i.e. on any vertices of the grid units in the framework 9. The columns 6 may be installed as standalone elements or form a wall. When the columns 6 are connected to each other to form a wall, a primary wall panel 7A is fixed to at least one circumferential face of each respective column 6 in the wall, namely an equal number of primary wall panels 7A is fixed to corresponding circumferential faces of a column 6 as is the number of adjacent columns 6 which are directly connected to a wall. The position of a respective column 6 in a wall defines the circumferential surfaces of the column 6, to which the primary wall panels 7A are fixed. In the case of a wall where at least three columns 6 lie on a common line, the first primary wall panel 7A abuts onto the circumferential surface of the first and second columns 6 oriented in the same direction; a subsequent primary wall panel 7A that connects the second and third columns 6 abuts onto the opposite circumferential surface of the second and third columns 6 with respect to the first primary wall panel 7A. The primary wall panels 7A connect the columns 6, forming vertical gaps 8 between the columns 6 in the wall. If a wall is provided with a corner, i.e. when three consecutive columns 6 do not lie on a common line, the primary wall panels 7A are fixed to the adjacent circumferential surfaces of the column 6, so a second primary wall panel 7A is fixed perpendicularly with respect to the first primary wall panel 7A.

[0044] The vertical structure 14 should desirably comprise a sufficient number of columns 6 to provide for the structural integrity of the entire common construction.

[0045] Unlike the framework 9 which comprises a connecting element 10 in each corner of a grid unit, the columns 6 which form respective walls can be arbitrarily distributed if sufficient structural integrity of the entire construction is provided for, so they abut onto any connecting elements 10.

[0046] Optionally, the vertical structure 14 comprises auxiliary wall panels 7B fixed to the remaining free circumferential surfaces of the columns 6. The auxiliary wall panels 7B serve to unify the dimensions of the filling structure, which will be explained in the following.

[0047] The primary wall panels 7A and the auxiliary wall panels 7B abut on the circumferential faces of the column 6 in the form of a windmill, in the same way as the base beams 2 in the connecting element 10 abut on the circumferential faces of the connector 1 . Like the beams 2, the primary wall panel 7A and the auxiliary wall panel 7B are defined by two side faces, that is by those having a larger surface, for abutting on the circumferential faces of the column 6, by two cover faces for abutting on the side faces of adjacent panels, and by the bottom and upper face for abutting on the horizontal structure 13. So, each primary wall panel 7A or auxiliary wall panel 7B which abuts with a portion of its side face onto a corresponding circumferential face of the column 6, abuts with its cover face onto a side face of either the primary wall panel 7A orthe auxiliary wall panel 7B, which is fixed to a next circumferential face of the common column 6.

[0048] All primary wall panels 7A and auxiliary wall panels 7B have an identical height and thickness. All columns 6 have an identical height which defines the height of a storey, the height of the column 6 being equal to the sum of the height of the primary wall panel 7A or the auxiliary wall panel 7B and double the thickness of the connecting panel 5.

[0049] In a preferred embodiment, the column 6 comprises on the upper side a connector 1 (a connector which, after the installation, represents a portion of the framework 9 of the upper horizontal structure 13), the connector 1 and the column 6 being integrally formed of one piece, and the column 6 is provided at its bottom side with a hole that is foreseen for the insertion of a fixing element (for instance a threaded bar) and its fixing (for instance with a nut), which fixes the column 6 to the connector 1 which is not part of the column 6. In another embodiment, the column 6 comprises a connector 1 on both the upper and bottom sides and is formed integrally of one piece. In a third embodiment, where a column does not comprise any connectors 1 , the column 6 is provided on both the bottom and upper sides with a hole for fixing to corresponding connectors 1 .

[0050] Optionally, the vertical gaps 8 may be filled with a filling structure as shown in Figure 6. The filling structure comprises a filling panel 8A fixed on the upper and bottom sides to two horizontal spacers 8B and on the left and right sides to two vertical spacers 8C, such that the spacers 8B, 8C form a frame closed at one side by a filling panel 8A. The width of the filling panel 8A is identical to the width of the vertical gap 8. The height of the filling panel 8A and preferably also its thickness is identical to the height and thickness of the primary wall panel 7A.

[0051] Once the filling structure is inserted into the vertical gap 8, the filling panel 8A and the primary wall panel 7A get aligned.

[0052] All joints between individual structural elements and the attachments among them are provided for without any steel timber connector plates. Individual structural elements are fixed to each other by fixing means (e.g. screw, nail, dowel, etc.). Only one screw type is preferably needed to fix respective elements of the horizontal structure 13 orthe vertical structure 14 to each other. This is possible due to the skew geometry of the joints among the respective structural elements. When a column 6 and a connector 1 are formed of separate pieces, an additional fixing means must be used to fix them to each other, for instance a threaded rod.

[0053] As both the horizontal structure 13 and the vertical structure 14 comprise gaps 4, 8, installation systems may freely be laid (for instance electricity, plumbing, sewerage). The thicknesses of individual elements and their mutual ratios must be such that sufficient structural integrity of the entire construction is provided for. The ratio of the thickness of the beam 2 to the thickness of the connecting / wall panel 5, 7 is 2:1 and the ratio of the width of the column 6 to the connector 1 is 3:2. An optional arrangement of installation systems is provided for by through holes formed in individual elements, wherein at least respective primary base beams (2A), respective auxiliary beams (3) and respective connecting panels 5 each comprise at least one hole for an optional arrangement of installation systems, wherein the holes in the beams 2, 3 are preferably pre-formed, while the holes in the connecting panels 5 are preferably formed during the erection process. The installation systems are laid through the vertical structure 14 through the vertical gaps 8 or through the pre-formed holes in the elements of the vertical structure 14, for instance the column 6.

[0054] Erection method

[0055] The erection method may be carried out in a different sequence of steps in various ways and is not limited to the method that will be described.

[0056] The horizontal 13 and vertical structures 14 or parts of these structures 13, 14 may be pre-fabricated or are assembled on site. In the case of pre-fabricated structures, the erection on site is carried out in known ways, similar to the erection of conventional pre-fabricated houses. So, the individual structures 13, 14 are assembled on site by means of cranes and fixed to each other. In the case of erection on site, the first step of erection is using fixing means (for instance screws) to fix base beams 2 to connectors 1 and assemble them to a framework 9 that will be located on the ground floor (the framework 9 of the bottom horizontal structure 13). So, the base beams 2 are fixed to the connectors 1 and connected to a grid structure. The auxiliary beams 3 may be built in simultaneously or in a subsequent step of fixing connecting panels 5. In a second step, the connecting panels 5 are fixed to the upper and bottom sides of the beams 2, 3, which are the components of the framework 9, and installation systems are then laid through the framework 9, for instance after the bottom connecting panels 5 have been fixed. The connecting panels 5 are preferably fixed to all locations that are not foreseen forthe installation of columns 6. The bottom connecting panels 5 can be fixed to the framework 9 from the basement or false basement that allows fixing from below. The connecting panels 5 are also provided with holes intended for laying the installation systems. A third step is the installation of columns 6. In a preferred embodiment, in which the column 6 has a connector 1 on its upper side and a hole on its bottom side, each column 6 is fixed to the corresponding connector 1 of the bottom horizontal structure 13 by way of a threaded rod and a nut. A fourth step is installation of the upper framework 9. Individual structural elements of the framework 9 can be either progressively installed at a height, for instance by fixing the base beams 2 directly to the connectors 1 which are part of the columns 6, or partly assembled elsewhere, for instance on the ground. In a fifth step, installation systems are laid through the vertical structure 14 and the upper horizontal structure 13, the connecting panels 5 are fixed to both sides of the upper framework 9 and holes for the installations made at adequate spots in the connecting panels 5. In a sixth step, wall panels 7 are fixed to respective columns 6 to form walls. In a seventh step, filling structures are optionally made and inserted into the vertical gaps 8. The installation systems may also be laid in any of the steps, wherein the structural elements under which the installation will be arranged are fixed in the same or one of the subsequent steps, e.g. the electrical installation is laid in the sixth step, so the connecting panels 5 above the electrical installation will be fixed in the sixth step. Embodiment

[0057] The embodiment on Figure 7 illustrates a system for a building based on seven grid units of a square shape, comprising two horizontal structures 13 and a vertical structure 14 in-between. The horizontal structure 13 comprises seven grid units, fourteen connecting elements 10 and twenty connecting structures 11. The dimensions of individual structural elements will be shown in a bracket after said element (d = thickness, I = length, h = height). All structural elements are pre-fabricated using a CNC machine: connectors (cross-section: 12 cm x 12 cm, h = 24 cm) that comprise a hole for a threaded rod, beams (d = 6 cm, h = 24 cm); primary base beam (I = 132 cm), secondary base beam (1 = 18 cm) and auxiliary beam (I = 96 cm), the primary base beam and the auxiliary beam comprising holes for installation systems, connecting panels (d = 3 cm); primary connecting panel 5A (138 cm x 102 cm), secondary connecting panel 5B (102 cm x 18 cm), tertiary connecting panel 5C (18 cm x 18 cm), columns (cross-section 18 cm x 18 cm, h = 256 cm) that comprise a connector (total height of a column plus connector h = 280 cm) on the upper side from a single integral piece, a hole on the bottom side for the insertion of a threaded bar, and a side hole for fixing the threaded rod with a nut, side panels (d = 3 cm, h = 250 cm); primary side panel 7A (I = 138cm), auxiliary side panel 7B (I = 18 cm), filling structures (d = 3 cm); filling panel 8A (I = 96 cm, h = 250 cm), horizontal spacer 8B (I = 18 cm, h = 96 cm), vertical spacer 8C (I = 18 cm, h = 244 cm).

[0058] To ensure the necessary precision in erection, holes for screws are pre-drilled in individual elements as well to allow the insertion of screws in precise locations. All fixing steps in the erection method are carried out via the pre-drilled holes for screws using the same screw type, which simplifies and accelerates the erection process.

[0059] Above a false basement, the bottom horizontal structure is first progressively assembled on site, wherein the base beams are first fixed to the respective connectors thus forming a framework, then connecting panels are fixed to the beams, with the tertiary connecting panels not being fixed on locations where installation of columns is foreseen. Into the holes in the connectors which are not covered by connecting panels threaded bars are fixed and the columns are fixed thereon and fastened to each other by a nut. Then follows the assembly of the upper horizontal structure. The primary beams are screwed into the connectors which are part of the columns and further connected via individual connectors into the framework. Once the framework has been assembled, the connecting panels are screwed in. When the upper horizontal structure is finished, the wall panels are fixed to the columns and the filling structures made and installed.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A system for prefabricated buildings comprising a horizontal structure (13) and a vertical structure (14) placed on top of the horizontal structure (13), characterized in that the horizontal structure (13) comprises a framework (9) and connecting panels (5) fixed to the framework (9), the framework (9) comprising connectors (1), base beams (2), auxiliary beams (3) and fixing means, the base beams (2) comprising primary base beams (2A) and secondary base beams (2B) and the framework (9) consisting of any number of grid units of rectangular shape, a grid unit comprising a connecting element (10) in each of its corners, respective two adjacent connecting elements (10) being connected to each other by a connecting structure (11), the connecting elements (10) being formed as a windmill comprising a connector (1) in the shape of an upright cuboid in its centre with a square as its base, the circumferential face of the connector (1) and simultaneously also the cover face of a next base beam (2) abutting on the side face of each base beam (2) in the connecting element (10), the cover face of the base beam (2) and the corresponding circumferential face of the connector (1) being in the same plane, which holds true for all four base beams (2) which abut on the common connector (1), the connecting structure (11) comprising a portion of the primary base beam (2A) positioned between said two adjacent connecting elements (10), and the auxiliary beam (3) parallel thereto, wherein a respective connecting structure (11), depending on its position in the framework (9), belongs to one or two grid units, and a respective connecting element (10), depending on its position in the framework (9), belongs to one, two, three or four grid units, wherein, depending on the position of a connecting element (10) in the framework (9), the same number of primary base beams (2A) as the number of directly connected adjacent connecting elements (10) or connectors (1) is fixed to the circumferential faces of the connector (1), and secondary base beams (2B) are fixed to the remaining circumferential faces of the connector (1).

2. The system according to claim 1 , characterized in that a base beam (2) and an auxiliary beam (3) that lie on a common line are alternately installed in adjacent grid units, which means that each base beam (2) is followed by an auxiliary beam (3) in the adjacent grid, and vice versa.

3. The system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the base beams (2) and the auxiliary beams (3) have an identical thickness and height, the height being identical to the height of the connector (1).

4. The system according to any of preceding claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the grid units are square in shape.

5. The system according to any of preceding claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a central horizontal gap (4A) is formed in the centre of a grid unit, and that in the connecting structure (11) a boundaryhorizontal gap (4B) is formed between a portion of the primary base beam (2A) positioned between two adjacent connecting elements (10) and the auxiliary beam (3) parallel thereto.

6. The system according to any of preceding claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at least individual primary base beams (2A) and individual auxiliary beams (3) comprise at least a respective hole for a free arrangement of installation systems.

7. The system according to any of preceding claims 1 to 6, characterized in that connecting panels (5) abut on the bottom and lower sides of the framework (9), the primary connecting panels (5A) being fixed to the upper and bottom sides of the framework (9) in a way that each subsequent primary connecting panel (5A) is rotated by 90 degrees with respect to the previous primary connecting panel (5A), the longer side of the primary connecting panel (5A) is perpendicular with respect to the longer side of a subsequent, second primary connecting panel (5A) in x and y directions in the same plane, and the primary connecting panels (5A) on the bottom side of the framework (9) being also mutually rotated by 90 degrees with respect to the primary connecting panels (5A) on the upper side of the framework (9).

8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that a respective primary connecting panel (5A) covers with its larger face a corresponding central horizontal gap (4A) and two opposite boundary horizontal gaps (4B), when installed, the secondary connecting panels (5B) cover with its larger face the remaining boundary horizontal gaps (4B) and the tertiary connecting panels (5C) are installed at locations where installation of a column (6) is not foreseen.

9. The system according to any of preceding claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the vertical structure (14) comprises columns (6) and primary wall panels (7 A) that connect the columns (6) to a wall, the column (6) having the shape of an upright rectangular cuboid having a square for its base, each column (6) abutting with its base onto a part of the upper or bottom face of a corresponding connecting element (10), wherein a primary wall panel (7 A) is fixed to at least one circumferential face of each respective column (6) in the wall, namely an equal number of primary wall panels (7 A) is fixed to corresponding circumferential faces of a column (6) as is the number of adjacent columns (6) which are directly connected to a wall, wherein vertical gaps (8) are formed in the wall between the columns (6).

10. The system according to claim 9, characterized in that the column (6) comprises on the upper side a connector (1) which, after the installation, represents a portion of the framework (9) of the upper horizontal structure (13), the connector (1) and the column (6) being integrally formed of one piece, and the column (6) being provided at its bottom side with a hole that is foreseen for the insertion of a fixing element and its fixing, which fixes the column (6) to the connector (1) which is not part of the column (6), the fixing element being a threaded rod and its fixing is done by a nut.

11. The system according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the vertical structure (14) further comprises auxiliary wall panels (7B) fixed to the remaining free circumferential surfaces of the columns (6), the primary wall panels (7 A) and the auxiliary wall panels (7B) abutting on the column (6) in the form of a windmill, so, each primary wall panel (7 A) or auxiliary wall panel (7B) which abuts with a portion of its side face onto a corresponding circumferential face of the column (6), abuts with its cover face onto a side face of either the primary wall panel (7 A) or the auxiliary wall panel (7B), which is fixed to a next circumferential face of the common column (6).

12. The system according to claims 9 to 11 , characterized in that the primary wall panels (7 A), the auxiliary wall panels (7B) have an identical height and thickness and that all columns (6) have an identical height and the height of the column (6) is equal to the sum of the height of the primary wall panel (7 A) or the auxiliary wall panel (7B) and double the thickness of the connecting panel (5).

13. The system according to any of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the vertical gaps (8) that are formed in the vertical structure (14) are filled by a filling structure, the filling structure comprising a filling panel (8A) fixed on the upper and bottom sides to two horizontal spacers (8B) and on the left and right sides to two vertical spacers (8C), such that the spacers (8B, 8C) form a frame closed at one side by a filling panel (8A).

14. A building erection method of the system according to claims 1 to 12, the erection being carried out on site, characterized by comprising the following steps:- assembly of the framework (9) of the bottom horizontal structure (13), wherein the base beams (2) are fixed to the connectors (1) and connected to a grid structure;- fixing the auxiliary beams (3) and fixing the connecting panels (5) to the bottom side of the beams (2, 3), laying installation systems over the framework (9) and fixing the connecting panels (5) to the upper side of the beams (2, 3), wherein holes for the arrangement of installation systems are optionally simultaneously made into individual connecting panels (5);- installation of columns (6) to the bottom horizontal structure (13) at foreseen locations, the columns (6) comprising a connector (1) on its upper side and a hole on its bottom side, each column (6) being fixed to the corresponding connector (1) of the bottom horizontal structure (13) by way of a threaded rod and a nut;- installation of the upper framework (9), wherein individual structural elements of the framework (9) are either progressively installed at a height by fixing the base beams (2) directly to the connectors (1) which are part of the columns (6);- arrangement of installation systems through the vertical structure (14) and the upper horizontal structure (13), fixing the connecting panels (5) to both sides of the upper framework (9) and making holes for the installations at adequate spots in the connecting panels (5);- fixing the wall panels (7) to respective columns (6) to form walls.

15. Method according to claim 14, characterized by the method further comprising fabrication and insertion of filling structures according to claim 13 into the vertical gaps (8).

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