Fine pitch LED array with larger vertical field of view, automotive lighting system and method of manufacture
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- LUMILEDS SINGAPORE PTE LTD
- Filing Date
- 2023-07-14
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-20
AI Technical Summary
Conventional adaptive driving beam (ADB) headlight systems require pre-optics due to the large spacing between LEDs, which increases manufacturing costs and complexity.
A fine pitch LED array with inter-LED spacing of less than 50 microns, allowing for direct imaging systems that eliminate the need for pre-optics, and enabling the expansion of the array to increase the vertical field of view.
The fine pitch LED array reduces manufacturing costs and complexity by eliminating pre-optics, while also increasing the vertical field of view and improving the compactness and robustness of the headlamp system.
Smart Images

Figure CN2023107367_23012025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
FINE PITCH LED ARRAY WITH LARGER VERTICAL FIELD OF VIEW, AUTOMOTIVE LIGHTING SYSTEM AND METHOD OF MANUFACTUREBACKGROUND
[0001] Adaptive driving beam (ADB) headlight systems are headlight systems that may automatically, from the standpoint of the driver, shine less light on some areas of the road and more light on others. For example, the automobile may detect objects on or near the road, and adapt the beam such that pedestrians, animals and other objects can be well illuminated without reducing the visibility of other drivers on the road.
[0002] ADB technology is becoming more and more popular and important in the automotive field as it can both increase safety and show great technical competence for the car brand. ADB headlights typically incorporate arrays of LEDs, with a conventional spacing between adjacent LEDs in the array being greater than or equal to 500 μm. With this conventional spacing, pre-optics, such as silicone pre-optics, are typically needed to increase light efficiency and / or change the light distribution of the LED array. Use of pre-optics in ADB headlamps can be quite costly due to the high tolerance requirement of the LED array as well as the special manufacturing process typically used to make them.SUMMARY
[0003] A fine pitch LED array, automotive lighting system and method of manufacture are described herein. An LED lighting system includes an array of rows and columns of LEDs with a spacing of less than 50 microns between adjacent LEDs in the array. The array includes at least 5 rows of LEDs. Multiple first conductive connectors electrically couple the LEDs in a first 4 rows of the 5 rows in series. Multiple second conductive connectors electrically couple LEDs in the fifth row of the 5 rows to LEDs in the fourth row of the 5 rows in parallel.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0004] A more detailed understanding can be had from the following description, given by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:
[0005] FIG. 1A is a top view of an example LED array for an LED headlamp system, such as an ADB headlamp system;
[0006] FIG. 1B is a top view of another example LED array for an LED headlamp system, such as an ADB headlamp system;
[0007] FIG. 2 is a top view of an example fine pitch LED array for an ADB headlamp system;
[0008] FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of an example fine pitch LED array, such as the fine pitch LED array of FIG. 2;
[0009] FIG. 4 is a top view of another example fine pitch LED array for an ADB headlamp system;
[0010] FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a fine pitch LED array, such as the fine pitch LED array of FIG. 4;
[0011] FIG. 6 is a diagram of an example vehicle headlamp system; and
[0012] FIG. 7 is a flow diagram of an example method of manufacturing a fine pitch LED array.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0013] Examples of different light illumination systems and / or light emitting diode ( “LED” ) implementations will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. These examples are not mutually exclusive, and features found in one example may be combined with features found in one or more other examples to achieve additional implementations. Accordingly, it will be understood that the examples shown in the accompanying drawings are provided for illustrative purposes only and they are not intended to limit the disclosure in any way. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout.
[0014] It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element may be termed a second element and a second element may be termed a first element without departing from the scope of the present invention. As used herein, the term "and / or" may include any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
[0015] It will be understood that when an element such as a layer, region, or substrate is referred to as being "on" or extending "onto" another element, it may be directly on or extend directly onto the other element or intervening elements may also be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly on" or extending "directly onto" another element, there may be no intervening elements present. It will also be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it may be directly connected or coupled to the other element and / or connected or coupled to the other element via one or more intervening elements. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly connected" or "directly coupled" to another element, there are no intervening elements present between the element and the other element. It will be understood that these terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the element in addition to any orientation depicted in the figures.
[0016] Relative terms such as "below, " "above, " "upper, ", "lower, " "horizontal" or "vertical" may be used herein to describe a relationship of one element, layer, or region to another element, layer, or region as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that these terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures.
[0017] FIG. 1A is a diagram of an example LED array 100a for an LED headlamp system, such as an ADB headlamp system. In the example illustrated in FIG. 1A, the LED array 100a includes six LEDs 120a (only one is labeled in FIG. 1A) . While six LEDs are shown in FIG. 1A, one of ordinary skill in the art will understand that LED arrays may have different numbers of LEDs in different numbers of rows and columns consistent with the embodiments described herein. Each of the LEDs 120a has a light-emitting area 130a from which the majority of the light of the LED 120a is emitted. Adjacent LEDs 120a may be spaced apart in the horizontal by a distance w1 and in the vertical direction by a distance w2. For conventional LEDs, as mentioned above, the distances w1 and w2 are relatively large, such as approximately greater than or equal to 500μm. For such a system, pre-optics or primary optics may be needed, as described above.
[0018] Direct imaging systems, which do not require pre-optics or primary optics, are becoming more mainstream, as they are less costly to manufacture. Direct imaging systems may be enabled by decreasing the spacing between adjacent LEDs in the LED array.
[0019] FIG. 1B is a diagram of another example LED array 100b for an LED headlamp system, such as an ADB headlamp system. Similar to the LED array 100a illustrated in FIG. 1A, the LED array 100b includes six LEDs 120ba (only one is labeled in FIG. 1A) . While six LEDs are shown in FIG. 1B, one of ordinary skill in the art will understand that LED arrays may have different numbers of LEDs in different numbers of rows and columns consistent with the embodiments described herein. Each of the LEDs 120b has a light-emitting area 130b from which the majority of the light of the LED 120b is emitted. Adjacent LEDs 120b have a fine pitch, or, in other words, may be spaced apart in the horizontal direction by a distance w3 and in the vertical direction by a distance w4. For direct imaging systems, such as illustrated in FIG. 1B, the distances w3 and w4 may be substantially smaller than the distances w1 and w2. For example, the distances w3 and w4 may be approximately 50μm or smaller.
[0020] FIG. 2 is a top view of an example fine pitch LED array 200 for an ADB headlamp system. In the example illustrated in FIG. 2, a portion of the LED array 200 is shown for simplicity. The portion shown in FIG. 2 includes four rows of LEDs, each of the rows including seven complete LEDs each (half of the two LEDs on the edges of each row are also shown in FIG. 2) . The number of LEDs in each row may not be limited to seven or even nine, consistent with the embodiments described herein, or could even include less LEDs per row.
[0021] FIG. 2 exemplifies the electrical routing required for a fine pitch LED array. For such an LED array, particularly where formed on a ceramic board a or copper insulated metal base (IMS) PCB, which have unique heat dissipation requirements, the electrical routing may be limited to single layer routing. As shown in FIG. 2, for example, conductive connectors 240a and 240b may be used to electrically couple the LEDs in the array together in series. For example, the LED 220a may be electrically coupled in series to the LED 220b via conductive connector 240a and to the LED 220c via conductive connector 240b. The conductive connectors can be any type of single layer conductive electrical connector known in the art, such as metal traces.
[0022] FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram 300 of an example fine pitch LED array, such as the fine pitch LED array 200 of FIG. 2. In the example illustrated in FIG. 3, a fine pitch LED array 300 is shown, which includes four rows of LEDs 320 (labeled ROW1, ROW2, ROW3, and ROW4) , each row including four LEDs 320. As with the fine pitch LED array 200 of FIG. 2, the array 300 can include more or less LEDs per row, consistent with the embodiments described herein. Only four LEDs per row are shown in FIG. 3 for simplification of the circuit diagram.
[0023] Two groups 360 and 370 of LEDs 320 are shown in FIG. 3. Each of the groups includes two rows of LEDs 320, and the LEDs 320 in each of the groups are electrically coupled together in series. For example, the LED 320b in ROW2 is electrically coupled in series with the LED 320a in ROW1 via a conductive connector 340a and with the LED 320c in ROW1 via a conductive connector 340b. Each of the LEDs 320 in ROW1 and ROW2 can be electrically coupled in the same fashion. Similarly, each of the LEDs 320 in ROW3 and ROW4 can be electrically coupled in the same fashion. The conductive connectors can be any type of single layer conductive electrical connector known in the art, such as metal traces. LEDs 320 in each of the groups 360 and 370 can be powered on and off, for example by supplying the power to each group via a cathode or anode line (e.g., cathode or anode line 345a, 345b, respectively) . To achieve individual LED addressability, LED 320b can be turned off by shorting the conductive connectors 345c and 345d with a medium (e.g., external switches) .
[0024] Direct imaging systems, such as shown in FIG. 1B, FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, provide a number of advantages over conventional LED headlamps. For example, the headlamp system itself may be simplified by removing the primary / collimating optics. Additionally, direct imaging systems may be manufactured relatively inexpensively in comparison to conventional headlamp systems with a shorter time to market. Direct imaging systems may also be more compact and robust against assembly tolerances. However, given the single layer routing limitations, for an LED array with individual addressability, it is practically impossible to add additional rows of LEDs to the array, resulting in a practical limitation on the size of such arrays. Embodiments are described herein that offer a solution for a fine pitch LED array that may be expanded to include additional rows of LEDs, which can be used, in some embodiments, for direct imaging (i.e., omitting the need for primary optics) in an ADB headlamp system to increase the vertical field of view of the LED array.
[0025] FIG. 4 is a top view of another example fine pitch LED array 400 for an ADB headlamp system. In the example illustrated in FIG. 4, five LEDs 420 are illustrated per row. The number of LEDs each row may not be limited to five, consistent with the embodiments described herein, or could even include less LEDs per row.
[0026] The array 400 shown in FIG. 4 includes a fifth row of LEDs. Conductive connectors 440a and 440b may be used to electrically couple some the LEDs in the array together in series. For example, the LEDs 420 in Row1 and Row2 may be electrically coupled together in series, and the LEDs 420 in Row3 and Row4 may be electrically coupled together in series similar to the manner in which the LEDs 220 are electrically coupled in FIG. 2. For example, the LED 420a in Row1 may be electrically coupled in series to the LED 420b in Row2via conductive connector440a and to the LED420c in Row1 via conductive connector 440b.
[0027] Due to limitations on single-layer routing for fine spaced LED arrays, the LEDs 420 in Row5 are electrically coupled in parallel to the LEDs 420 in Row4. In the example illustrated in FIG. 4, for example, the LED 420d in Row5 is electrically coupled in series with the LED 420e in Row4 via conductive connectors 440c and 440d. The conductive connectors can be any type of single layer conductive electrical connector known in the art, such as metal traces.
[0028] FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of an example fine pitch LED array, such as the fine pitch LED array400 of FIG. 4. In the example illustrated in FIG. 5, a fine pitch LED array 500 is shown, which includes six rows of LEDs 520, each row including four LEDs 520. As with the fine pitch LED array 400 of FIG. 4, the array 500 can include more or less LEDs per row, consistent with the embodiments described herein. Only four LEDs per row are shown in FIG. 5 for simplification of the circuit diagram.
[0029] Three groups 560, 570 and 580 of LEDs 520 are shown in FIG. 5. Groups 560 and 570 of the groups include two rows of LEDs 520 each, and the LEDs 520 in each of the groups are electrically coupled together in series. For example, the LED 520b in ROW2 is electrically coupled in series with the LED 520a in ROW1 via a conductive connector 540a and with the LED 520c in ROW1 via a conductive connector540b. Each of the LEDs 520 in ROW1 and ROW2 can be electrically coupled in the same fashion. Similarly, each of the LEDs 520 in ROW3 and ROW4 can be electrically coupled in the same fashion.
[0030] Similar to the array 400 of FIG. 4, the LEDs 520 in ROW5 may be electrically coupled in parallel to the LEDs in ROW 4. For example, the LED 520f in ROW5 may be electrically coupled in parallel with the LED 520e in ROW4 via conductive connectors 540c and 540d. As illustrated in FIG. 5, additional rows may be added below ROW5 to further increase the vertical field of view of the LED array. For example, ROW6 is shown as optional in FIG. 5 and includes a row of LEDs 520. By way of example, the LED 520g is shown to be electrically coupled in parallel with the LED 520f in ROW5 via the conductive connectors 540c and 540d. This can be repeated for additional rows below ROW6 and / or additional rows may be added in parallel with ROW1 above the array 500. In this way, the LEDs 520 in group 580 are electrically coupled in parallel with the LEDs 520 in group 570. The conductive connectors can be any type of single layer conductive electrical connector known in the art, such as metal traces.
[0031] One drawback of this arrangement is that the LEDs that are electrically coupled in parallel cannot be individually addressed. They are turned on and off with the LEDs in the rows to which they are electrically coupled in parallel. As explained above with respect to FIG. 3, the LEDs in group 560 may be powered on and off via a current supplied via an anode line 545a and cathode line 545b. Similarly, the LEDs in groups 570 and 580 may be powered on and off the same way.
[0032] Electrically coupling the LEDs 520 in group 580 in parallel with the LEDs 520 in group 570 may cause a current hogging effect due to the uneven current flowing to the LEDs due to their forward voltages. To resolve this issue, the LEDs used in such arrays may need to be forward voltage binned in smaller steps to ensure minimal forward voltage variation among the LEDs in the arrays.
[0033] FIG. 6 is a diagram of an example vehicle headlamp system 600. The example vehicle headlamp system 600 illustrated in FIG. 6 includes an application platform 602, two LED lighting systems 606 and 608, and secondary optics 610 and 612. When LED arrays are used in the LED lighting systems 606 and 608, such as illustrated in FIGs. 4 and 5, primary optics may not be necessary in the system 600.
[0034] The LED lighting system 608 may emit light beams 614 (shown between arrows 614a and 614b in FIG. 6) . The LED lighting system 606 may emit light beams 616 (shown between arrows 616a and 616b in FIG. 6) . In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, a secondary optic 610 is adjacent the LED lighting system 608, and the light emitted from the LED lighting system 608 passes through the secondary optic 610. Similarly, a secondary optic 612 is adjacent the LED lighting system 606, and the light emitted from the LED lighting system 606 passes through the secondary optic 612. In alternative embodiments, no secondary optics 610 / 612 are provided in the vehicle headlamp system.
[0035] Where included, the secondary optics 610 / 612 may be or include one or more light guides. The one or more light guides may be edge lit or may have an interior opening that defines an interior edge of the light guide. LED lighting systems 608 and 606 may be inserted in the interior openings of the one or more light guides such that they inject light into the interior edge (interior opening light guide) or exterior edge (edge lit light guide) of the one or more light guides. In embodiments, the one or more light guides may shape the light emitted by the LED lighting systems 608 and 606 in a desired manner, such as, for example, with a gradient, a chamfered distribution, a narrow distribution, a wide distribution, or an angular distribution.
[0036] The application platform 602 may provide power and / or data to the LED lighting systems 806 and / or 608 via lines 604. One or more sensors (which may be the sensors in the vehicle headlamp system 800 or other additional sensors) may be internal or external to the housing of the application platform 602. Alternatively, or in addition, each LED lighting system 608 and 606 may include its own sensor module, connectivity and control module, power module, and / or LED array.
[0037] In embodiments, the vehicle headlamp system 600 may represent an automobile with steerable light beams where LEDs may be selectively activated to provide steerable light. For example, an array of LEDs or emitters may be used to define or project a shape or pattern or illuminate only selected sections of a roadway. In an example embodiment, infrared cameras or detector pixels within LED lighting systems 606 and 608 may be sensors that identify portions of a scene (e.g., roadway or pedestrian crossing) that require illumination.
[0038] FIG. 7 is a flow diagram 700 of an example method of manufacturing a fine pitch LED array. In the example illustrated in FIG. 7, the method includes selecting binned LEDs with forward voltages that vary no more than. 08 volts or less (710) . The LEDs may be arranged in at least 5 rows with spacing of less than 100 microns between adjacent LEDs (720) . The LEDs in the first4 rows may be electrically coupled together in series (730) . The LEDs in the fifth row may be electrically coupled in parallel to the LEDs in the fourth row (740) .
[0039] In some embodiments, more than 5 rows of LEDs may be included in the array. For example, at least one additional row of the selected LEDs may be added below the fifth row. LEDs in the at least one additional row may be electrically coupled in parallel with the LEDs in the fifth row. For another example, at least one additional row of the selected LEDs may be added above the first row of LEDs. The LEDs in the at least one additional row may be electrically coupled in parallel with the LEDs in the first row. The LEDs in the array may be arranged such that the LEDs in the first row and second row may be powered by independent power source, and the LEDs in the third, fourth and fifth rows may be electrically powered by another independent power source.
[0040] In some embodiments, to save on the cost of the binned LEDs, only the LEDs in the parallel electrical couplings may be binned such that their forward voltages vary not more than. 08 volts. The other LEDs in the array may be selected with a wider acceptable variance in their forward voltages as current hogging may not be an issue for those LEDs.
[0041] As would be apparent to one skilled in the relevant art, based on the description herein, embodiments of the present invention can be designed in software using a hardware description language (HDL) such as, for example, Verilog or VHDL. The HDL-design can model the behavior of an electronic system, where the design can be synthesized and ultimately fabricated into a hardware device. In addition, the HDL-design can be stored in a computer product and loaded into a computer system prior to hardware manufacture.
[0042] Having described the embodiments in detail, those skilled in the art will appreciate that, given the present description, modifications may be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the spirit of the inventive concept. Therefore, it is not intended that the scope of the invention be limited to the specific embodiments illustrated and described.
Claims
1.A light-emitting diode (LED) lighting system comprising:an array of rows and columns of LEDs with a spacing of less than 100 microns between adjacent LEDs in the array, the array comprising at least 5 rows of LEDs;a plurality of first conductive connectors electrically coupling the LEDs in a first 4 rows of the 5 rows in series; anda plurality of second conductive connectors electrically coupling the LEDs in the fifth row of the 5 rows to LEDs in the fourth row of the 5 rows in parallel.2.The LED lighting system of claim 1, wherein a forward voltage of each of the LEDs in the array varies from each other by not more than. 08 volts.3.The LED lighting system of claim 1, further comprising at least one additional row of LEDs below the fifth row, the LEDs in the at least one additional row of LEDs being electrically coupled in parallel with the LEDs in the fourth and fifth rows.4.The LED lighting system of claim 1, further comprising at least one additional row of LEDs above a first row of the 5 rows of LEDs, the LEDs in the at least one additional rows of LEDs being electrically coupled in parallel with the LEDs in the first row.5.The LED lighting system of claim 1, wherein the LEDs in the array are arranged such that LEDs in the first row and a second row of the 5 rows of LEDs are powered by an independent power source and LEDs in a third row of the 5 rows of LEDs, the fourth row and the fifth row are powered by another independent power source.6.An automotive lighting system comprising:two LED lighting systems, each comprising:an array of rows and columns of LEDs with a spacing of less than 100 microns between adjacent LEDs in the array, the array comprising at least 5 rows of LEDs,a plurality of first conductive connectors electrically coupling the LEDs in a first4 rows of the 5 rows in series, anda plurality of second conductive connectors electrically coupling LEDs in the fifth row of the 5 rows to LEDs in the fourth row of the 5 rows in parallel.7.The system of claim 6, wherein the automotive lighting system is an adaptive driving beam system.8.The system of claim 6, further comprising secondary optics for each of the LED lighting systems, wherein the two LED lighting systems do not include primary optics.9.The system of claim 6, wherein a forward voltage of each of the LEDs in each of the arrays varies from each other by not more than. 08 volts.10.The system of claim 6, wherein each of the LED lighting systems further comprises at least one additional row of LEDs below the fifth row, the LEDs in the at least one additional row of LEDs being electrically coupled in parallel with the LEDs in the fourth and fifth rows.11.The system of claim 6, wherein each of the LED lighting systems further comprises at least one additional row of LEDs above a first row of the 5 rows of LEDs, the LEDs in the at least one additional rows of LEDs being electrically coupled in parallel with the LEDs in the first row.12.The system of claim 6, further comprising a controller configured to power on the LEDs in the first row and a second row of the 5 rows of LEDs from an independent power source while LEDs in a third row of the 5 rows of LEDs, the fourth row and the fifth row shall be power on by another independent power source.13.A method of manufacturing an LED lighting system, the method comprising:selecting a plurality of binned LEDs such that the selected LEDs have a forward voltage that varies not more than. 08 volts between the selected LEDs;arranging the selected LEDs in at least five rows, with a spacing of less than 100 microns between adjacent LEDs;electrically coupling the LEDs in a first 4 rows of the 5 rows in series; andelectrically coupling LEDs in the fifth row of the 5 rows to LEDs in the fourth row of the 5 rows in parallel.14.The method of claim 13, further comprising:adding at least one additional row of the selected LEDs below the fifth row; andelectrically coupling the LEDs in the at least one additional row of LEDs in parallel with the LEDs in the fourth and fifth rows.15.The method of claim 13, further comprising:adding at least one additional row of the selected LEDs above a first row of the 5 rows of LEDs; andelectrically coupling the LEDs in the at least one additional rows of LEDs in parallel with the LEDs in the first row.16.The method of claim 13, wherein the LEDs in the array are arranged such that LEDs in the first row and a second row of the 5 rows of LEDs are powered by independent power source and LEDs a third row of the 5 rows of LEDs, the fourth row and the fifth row are powered by another independent power source.