Method and device for forming a recess by inserting a rotary driven ram pipe

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for creating a depression by inserting a rotary ramming tube into the ground by either screwing or driving the rotary ramming tube into the ground, wherein the insertion method of the rotary ramming tube can be arbitrarily changed between screwing and driving. The invention further relates to a device for creating a depression according to the inventive method.

Description

Technical field of the invention

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for creating a depression by inserting a rotary ramming tube into the ground by screwing or driving the rotary ramming tube into the ground. The invention also relates to a device for creating a depression according to the inventive method. State of the art

[0002] During the construction of a building, it can happen that the ground at the base of the excavation proves to be insufficiently load-bearing, resulting in unacceptably large settlements. In such cases, it is common practice to transfer the building's loads to deeper, more load-bearing soil layers using foundation piles.

[0003] To construct such foundation or cast-in-place concrete piles, a drill or drive pipe, which has a substantially pointed or flat end on the side facing the ground, is inserted into the soil using a drilling or driving device. The insertion of the drill or drive pipe is typically achieved by rotating the pipe around its longitudinal axis under high vertical pressure, thus screwing or drilling it into the ground, or by intermittently applying a high vertical force to the pipe, causing it to be driven into the ground. In both cases, the soil around the drill or drive pipe is displaced radially by the volume of the pipe itself, creating a cavity in the ground for the construction of the foundation or cast-in-place concrete pile.Once the drilling or driving process reaches a final depth, prefabricated pile reinforcement, such as a reinforcement cage, can be inserted into the drilled or driven pipe, and the pipe can then be filled with concrete. Alternatively, the drilled or driven pipe can first be filled with concrete, and the pile reinforcement inserted into the still-soft concrete. In both cases, the drilled or driven pipe also serves to support the ground until the concrete is poured. After the concrete has been poured into the drilled or driven pipe, it can be withdrawn, with the concrete flowing out into the resulting cavity in the ground and filling it to the desired level. The withdrawal of a previously inserted drilled pipe is usually carried out by rotating it around its longitudinal axis, while the withdrawal of a driven pipe is usually done without rotation.Once the concrete has hardened, a load-bearing, possibly reinforced, foundation or cast-in-place concrete pile is present.

[0004] The insertion or drilling of a drill pipe, as well as the driving of a pile, into the ground are well-known and widely used methods in foundation engineering. Inserting or drilling a drill pipe is particularly economical in loose soil. Furthermore, retracting the drill pipe while rotating it allows for the creation of a special pile structure. During this retraction process, recesses in the drill pipe create a spiral expansion of the cavity. Filling this spiral expansion with concrete produces a corresponding spiral outer surface of the foundation or cast-in-place pile, increasing the effective cross-section of the pile and thus its load-bearing capacity.

[0005] Less loose, densely compacted soil can make it impossible to screw or drill in a pipe. Due to the high vertical forces achievable when driving a pipe, this method is also applicable to denser soils. However, in contrast to screwing or drilling in a pipe, driving a pipe is more time-consuming and involves a greater degree of environmental disturbance due to noise emissions and / or vibrations.

[0006] Based on the prior art, the present invention aims to minimize the aforementioned disadvantages and to develop a method for the efficient installation of a drill or driven pipe that is applicable to both loose and densely compacted subsoil and causes the lowest possible environmental impact from noise and / or vibrations. The present invention also includes a device for implementing the method according to the invention. Summary of the invention

[0007] According to the present invention, the objectives are achieved primarily through the subject matter of the independent claims. Further advantageous embodiments are also apparent from the dependent claims and the description.

[0008] In particular, one aspect of the present invention is achieved by creating a depression in a building ground by inserting a rotary ramming tube into a building ground by screwing or driving the rotary ramming tube into the building ground, wherein a drilling drive transmits a rotary movement and a vertical pressure force to the rotary ramming tube, and a ramming device transmits a vertical pressure force to the rotary ramming tube, and the insertion modality of the rotary ramming tube can be arbitrarily changed between screwing in and ramming in.

[0009] Thanks to the freely interchangeable application method, the process can be used economically in different situations, taking into account, for example, different building ground conditions and / or requirements regarding permitted emissions, especially noise emissions.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the method, the insertion modality of the rotary piling tube can be changed between screwing and driving, depending on the soil conditions. It is conceivable that the soil has different properties distributed across the footprint of large structures, and that screwing the rotary piling tube is advantageous in certain areas, while driving it is necessary in other areas.

[0011] In a further embodiment of the invention, the subsoil in the area of ​​the insertion depth of the rotary piling pipe has at least two soil layers with different compaction densities. The rotary piling pipe can be driven into a loose soil layer, and as soon as it encounters a denser soil layer, it can be driven into or through this layer. If a denser soil layer has been driven through and the final depth has not yet been reached, the rotary piling pipe can be driven deeper into the subsoil by further rotation. This procedure can also be performed iteratively with repeatedly changing soil layers. It is also possible that a denser soil layer is located in the area of ​​the final depth, in which case the rotary piling pipe can only be driven into this layer but not through it.

[0012] Advantageously, the longitudinal axis of the rotary pile driver and the axis of rotation of the drill drive are coaxial during the pile driving process, thus eliminating the need for a complex, and particularly time-consuming, removal of the drill drive from the rotary pile driver when switching to driving as the installation method for the rotary pile driver. Furthermore, the drill drive advantageously comprises a device that allows the drill drive to remain essentially attached to the rotary pile driver during the pile driving process but to be decoupled from the force flow of the vertical force generated by the pile driver. Such a device will be described in more detail later in this description.

[0013] Furthermore, it can be provided that the longitudinal axis of the rotary ramming tube and the rotational axis of the drilling drive and the ramming axis of the ramming device run coaxially, so that the effort required to change the installation modality from screwing in to ramming or vice versa is reduced to a minimum and the efficiency of the process is increased.

[0014] Another embodiment of the inventive method provides that the created depression serves to construct a foundation or cast-in-place concrete pile. The construction of the foundation or cast-in-place concrete pile is carried out in a known manner and is not the subject of this invention.

[0015] Advantageously, the insertion and driving of the rotary piling tube can take place essentially simultaneously. Essentially simultaneous insertion and driving of the rotary piling tube can be achieved, for example, by very short changeover times between the insertion methods, by a combined drilling and piling device, or by further optimizations of the inventive method.

[0016] After the rotary pile driver has been driven to a final depth, an additional embodiment of the invention provides that the rotary pile driver can be withdrawn from the ground by rotating it about its longitudinal axis and applying a vertical tensile force, where this vertical tensile force opposes the vertical compressive force used to drive the rotary pile driver into the ground. The rotation about the longitudinal axis of the rotary pile driver facilitates its withdrawal by reducing any soil adhesion to the pipe. Furthermore, the rotational withdrawal of the pipe allows for the creation of specific shapes in the resulting depression, which are advantageous for constructing a foundation or cast-in-place concrete pile. However, it is also conceivable that the rotary pile driver can be withdrawn from the ground by applying a vertical tensile force without rotating it about its longitudinal axis.

[0017] A further aspect of the invention is achieved by a device for inserting a rotary ramming tube into a building site according to the previously described method, comprising a drilling drive suitable for driving a rotary ramming pipe into a subsoil under vertical pressure, and a ramming device suitable for driving a rotary ramming pipe into a subsoil by vertical force, and a support element (beam) on which the drilling drive and the ramming device can be arranged and moved vertically.

[0018] In particular, such a device makes it possible to install a rotary drive pipe into the ground by alternating between screwing and driving, without having to rely on multiple devices designed solely for screwing or driving. The device for installing a rotary drive pipe into the ground can also include instruments for measuring the drive force of the drill and / or for detecting torsion of the rotary drive pipe and / or for monitoring the progress of the installation, with the measured values ​​recorded by the instrument(s) serving as an indicator for changing the installation mode.

[0019] In one embodiment of the invention, the driving device is a falling weight that is accelerated by gravity or by a hydraulic, pneumatic, or electric drive to fall onto one end of the rotary piling tube, thus generating a high vertical force for driving the rotary piling tube. However, other driving devices are also conceivable, for example, with hydraulic or pneumatic generation of the force for driving the rotary piling tube. It is also conceivable that the driving device is connected to the rotary piling tube via additional connecting means or intermediate pieces, etc., and does not act directly on it.

[0020] Another embodiment according to the invention provides that the drilling drive and the ramming device are designed as a single unit.

[0021] The drilling drive is also advantageously suited to rotating the rotary ramming tube out of the ground under vertical tension.

[0022] In an additional embodiment, the drilling drive is designed such that the drilling drive includes a clamping device, wherein the rotary ramming tube can be clamped by means of this clamping device during the drilling process and can be decoupled from this clamping device and the drilling drive during the ramming process.

[0023] Further details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments of the method and apparatus according to the invention, which are illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings. The description will also reveal the further advantages of the present invention, as well as suggestions and proposals on how the subject matter of the invention can be modified or further developed within the scope of the claim. Brief description of the drawings

[0024] One embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawing.

[0025] It shows Figure 1 a schematic representation of a device according to the invention for inserting a rotary ramming tube into a building site, Figure 2A to 2D a schematic representation of a first, second, third and fourth step of the insertion of a rotary ramming tube into a subsoil according to an inventive method for creating a depression by inserting a rotary ramming tube into a subsoil, and Figure 3A and B a schematic representation of a first and second step of withdrawing a rotary ramming tube from a subsoil according to an inventive method for creating a depression by inserting a rotary ramming tube into a subsoil. Preferred embodiments of the invention

[0026] Figure 1Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a device 1 for inserting a rotary ramming tube 2 into a subsoil 5, 6 to create a depression 7. The device comprises a drilling drive 10, capable of rotating a rotary ramming tube 2 into the subsoil 5, 6 under vertical pressure, and a ramming device 20, capable of driving a rotary ramming tube 2 into the subsoil 5, 6 by applying vertical force, and a support element (marker, 3) on which the drilling drive 10 and the ramming device 20 can be arranged and moved vertically. A drill bit 8 is attached to the end of the rotary ramming tube 2 facing the subsoil 5, 6, which facilitates the insertion of the rotary ramming tube 2 into the subsoil 5, 6.

[0027] As in Figure 1As shown, the drilling drive 10 is connected to the rotary ramming tube 2 in such a way that the rotary ramming tube 2 can be set into rotation about an axis of rotation (not shown) of the drilling drive by means of the drilling drive 10. According to the preferably illustrated embodiment, the axis of rotation of the drilling drive 10 is coaxial with the longitudinal axis 9 of the rotary ramming tube 2. The drilling drive 10 includes clamping means (not shown) with which the rotary ramming tube 2 can be clamped to the drilling drive 10, so that the rotary ramming tube 2 can be set into rotation about the axis of rotation of the drilling drive and is simultaneously fixed in the axial direction relative to the drilling drive 10.

[0028] The piling device 20 is arranged on the piling post (3) so that it is movable relative to the rotating piling tube 2, such that the axis of force application during a piling movement, the piling axis, runs coaxially with the longitudinal axis 9 of the rotating piling tube 2 through the piling device 20. In this way, a vertical compressive force can be transmitted from the piling device 20 to the rotating piling tube 2.

[0029] The mast 3 also includes a pulling device 4, by means of which the rotary ramming tube 2, the drilling drive 10, the ramming device 20 and / or other elements arranged on the mast 3 can be moved along the mast 3. The mast 3 can also include further devices, in particular hydraulic or pneumatic devices, to move the drilling drive 10 under high vertical pressure in the direction of the ground 5, 6.

[0030] The Figures 2A to 2D and 3A and 3BFigure 1 schematically shows an embodiment of the inventive method for creating a depression in a subsoil 5, 6, which subsoil 5, 6 comprises a first, loose subsoil 5 and a second, densely packed subsoil 6.

[0031] In Figure 2AThe device 1, comprising a piling 3, a drilling drive 10, and a driving device 20, is shown in an initial position. In this initial position, the rotary driving tube 2 is guided through the drilling drive 10, and the axis of rotation of the drilling drive 10, the driving axis of the driving device 20, and the longitudinal axis of the rotary driving tube 2 are coaxial. The drilling drive 10 is arranged at the end of the rotary driving tube 2 opposite the drill tip 8 such that the rotary driving tube 2 can be set into a rotational movement about its longitudinal axis by means of the drilling drive 10, and tensile and / or compressive forces in the axial direction can be transmitted from the drilling drive 10 to the rotary driving tube 2. The drilling drive 10 can also be moved under high vertical pressure in the direction of the subsoil 5,6 by means of a pneumatic or hydraulic device (not shown), so that the rotary ramming tube 2 is screwed into the loose subsoil 5 under high vertical pressure.

[0032] Figure 2BThe device 1 with the rotary ramming tube 2 is shown, which was screwed into the loose soil 5 until the drill tip 8 made contact with the densely compacted subsoil 6. Due to the nature of the densely compacted subsoil 6, further insertion of the rotary ramming tube 2 by screwing it in is not efficient. The drilling drive 10 is detached from the rotary ramming tube 2 in such a way that it no longer transmits or receives any force in the axial direction of the longitudinal axis of the rotary ramming tube 2, but the rotary ramming tube 2 is still stabilized against movement orthogonal to its longitudinal axis.

[0033] To further drive the rotary ramming tube 2 into the densely compacted subsoil 6, the ramming device 20 can be positioned at the end of the rotary ramming tube 2 opposite the drill bit 8. Furthermore, the drilling drive 10 can be lowered along the guide 3 towards the subsoil 5, 6, thus preventing contact between the ramming device 20 and the drilling drive 10.

[0034] In Figure 2C The device 1 is shown during the driving of the rotary ramming tube 2 into the densely compacted subsoil 6. The ramming device 20, for example, is designed as a drop weight and is repetitively movable along the longitudinal axis of the rotary ramming tube 2, whereby with each fall of the drop weight of the ramming device 20 a vertical compressive force is transferred to the rotary ramming tube 2, which drives it into the densely compacted subsoil 6.

[0035] If several changes in soil density occur within the installation depth of the rotary piling pipe 2, the installation of the rotary piling pipe 2 can be switched between rotating and driving. The coaxial arrangement of the drilling drive 10, the piling device 20, and the rotary piling pipe 2 allows for efficient switching between these installation modes without time-consuming conversion work.

[0036] Upon reaching a final depth, as in 2D Figure As shown, no further insertion of the rotary ramming tube 2 into the subsoil 5, 6 takes place. The ramming device 20 is arranged along the piling 3 at a distance from the rotary ramming tube 2, and the drilling drive 10 is again arranged at the end of the rotary ramming tube 2 opposite the drill tip 8, and the latter is clamped in the drilling drive 10 for axial force transmission. 2D FigureFigure 2 also shows a reinforcement cage 31 that is inserted into the interior of the rotary driving tube 2. To create a foundation or cast-in-place concrete pile, the rotary driving tube 2 is filled with concrete after the reinforcement cage 31 has been inserted.

[0037] Figure 3A The device 1 is shown during the retraction of the rotary piling tube 2 after the reinforcement cage 31 and the concrete 30 have been placed into the rotary piling tube 2. For this purpose, the rotary piling tube 2 is set into rotation about its longitudinal axis by means of the drilling drive 10. Simultaneously, the drilling drive 10 can be moved away from the ground 5, 6 by means of a pneumatic or hydraulic device (not shown) or the pulling device 4, thereby retracting the rotary piling tube 2 spirally out of the ground 5, 6.

[0038] In Figure 3BThe device 1 is shown after completion of the construction of a cast-in-place concrete or foundation pile, wherein the rotary ramming tube 2 is completely withdrawn from the ground 5, 6 and the drill tip 8, the reinforcement cage 31 and concrete 30 remain in the ground 5, 6.

Claims

1. Method (100) for creating a depression (7) by inserting a rotary ramming tube (2) into a subsoil (5, 6) by turning or driving the rotary ramming tube (2) into the subsoil (5, 6), characterized by the fact that • a drilling drive (10) transmits a rotary movement and a vertical pressure force to the rotary ramming tube (2), and • a ramming device (20) transmits a vertical pressure force to the rotary ramming tube (2), and • the insertion modality of the rotary ramming tube (2) can be changed arbitrarily between screwing in and ramming in.

2. Method (100) according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that The insertion method of the rotary ramming tube (2) can be changed between screwing and ramming depending on the subsoil (5, 6).

3. Method (100) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that The subsoil (5, 6) in the area of ​​the insertion depth of the rotary ramming pipe (2) has at least two soil layers with different relative densities.

4. Method (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by the fact that the longitudinal axis (9) of the rotary ramming tube (2) and the rotational axis of the drilling drive (10) run coaxially during the ramming process.

5. Method (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by the fact that the longitudinal axis (9) of the rotary ramming tube (2) and the rotational axis of the drilling drive (10) and the ramming axis of the ramming device (20) run coaxially.

6. Method (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that The depression created (7) serves to create a foundation or cast-in-place concrete pile.

7. Method (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the turning of the rotary ramming tube (2) and the driving of the rotary ramming tube (2) take place essentially simultaneously.

8. Method (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact thatThe rotary ramming tube (2) can be pulled out of the ground (5, 6) under the influence of a rotational movement about its longitudinal axis (9) and a vertical tensile force, wherein this vertical tensile force is opposite to the vertical compressive force for introducing the rotary ramming tube (2) into the ground.

9. Device (1) for inserting a rotary ramming tube (2) into a subsoil (5, 6) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising: • a drilling drive (10) suitable for rotating a rotary ramming tube (2) into a subsoil (5, 6) under vertical pressure, and • a ramming device (20) suitable for driving a rotary ramming tube (2) into a subsoil (5, 6) by applying vertical force, and • a support element (beam, 3) on which the drilling drive (10) and the ramming device (20) can be arranged and moved vertically.

10. Device (1) according to claim 9, characterized by the fact that the piling device (20) is a falling weight.

11. Device (1) according to one of claims 9 or 10, characterized by the fact that the drilling drive (10) and the piling device (20) are designed as a single unit.

12. Device (1) according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized by the fact that the drilling drive (10) is suitable for rotating the rotary ramming tube (2) out of the ground (5, 6) under vertical tension.

13. Device (1) according to any one of claims 9 to 12, characterized by the fact that the drilling drive (10) comprises a clamping device, wherein the rotary ramming tube (2) can be clamped by means of this clamping device during the drilling process and can be decoupled from this clamping device and the drilling drive (10) during the ramming process.

14. Device (1) according to any one of claims 9 to 13, characterized by the fact that the rotary ramming tube (2), the drilling drive (10) and the ramming device (20) can be arranged in such a way that the longitudinal axis (9) of the rotary ramming tube (2) and the rotational axis of the drilling drive (10) and the ramming axis of the ramming device (20) run coaxially.

Images