Thermal energy differential extraction assembly

Abstract

A thermal energy extraction assembly or system for converting thermal energy differentials into kinetic energy and / or electrical energy, the thermal energy extraction assembly comprising a conduit operatively connected with a reciprocating motion arrangement, the conduit comprising a pair of heat exchanging sections arranged having at least one fluid flow diverter configured to establish selectable and / or alternative fluid flow paths according to one or more characteristics of the reciprocating motion arrangement and / or a temperature of the fluid and / or a pressure of the fluid; and at least one fluid flow inducing device for inducing a flow of a fluid through the conduit and the reciprocating motion arrangement; wherein the reciprocating motion arrangement is operatively configured to move according to an expansion / contraction of the fluid. The one or more characteristics of the reciprocating motion arrangement comprises a position of the reciprocating motion arrangement and / or a speed of the reciprocating motion arrangement.

Description

THERMAL ENERGY DIFFERENTIAL EXTRACTION ASSEMBLYTECHNICAL FIELD[1] The present invention relates a thermal energy differential extracting assembly.BACKGROUND[2] Any references to methods, apparatus or documents of the prior art are not to be taken as constituting any evidence or admission that they formed, or form part of the common general knowledge.[3] Thermal energy differences exist in nature as well as within small systems throughout the developed world. Stirling engines are known however solutions which can effectively and efficiently utilise the thermal energy differences have not been developed and as such widespread adoption has not yet occurred.[4] One of the critical challenges is the inability of existing systems to efficiently convert low-grade thermal energy differentials — often characterized by small temperature differences — into substantial kinetic or electrical energy. This inefficiency leads to limited practical applications, particularly in renewable energy systems where harnessing such thermal energy could significantly reduce dependence on finite fossil fuels and lower emissions.[5] Renewable, cheap and / or free energy sources are sought in an effort to reduce harmful emissions and reduce and / or eliminate reliance on finite fossil fuels.SUMMARY OF INVENTION[6] In an aspect, the invention provides a thermal energy extraction assembly for converting thermal energy differentials into kinetic energy and / or electrical energy, the thermal energy extraction assembly comprising: a conduit operatively connected with a reciprocating motion arrangement, the conduit comprising a pair of heat exchanging sections arranged having at least one fluid flow diverter configured to establish selectable and / or alternative fluid flow pathsaccording to one or more characteristics of the reciprocating motion arrangement and / or a temperature of the fluid and / or a pressure of the fluid; and at least one fluid flow inducing device for inducing a flow of a fluid through the conduit and the reciprocating motion arrangement; wherein the reciprocating motion arrangement is operatively configured to move according to an expansion / contraction of the fluid.[7] In an embodiment, the pair of heat exchanging sections is arranged between a pair of fluid flow diverters.[8] In an embodiment, the one or more characteristics of the reciprocating motion arrangement comprises speed and / or position of the reciprocating motion arrangement and / or a temperature of the fluid and / or a pressure of the fluid.[9] In an embodiment, the one or more characteristics of the reciprocating motion arrangement comprises a position of the reciprocating motion arrangement and one or more of: a temperature of the fluid and a pressure of the fluid.

[0010] In an embodiment, the one or more characteristics of the reciprocating motion arrangement comprises a position of the reciprocating motion arrangement and a temperature of the fluid and a pressure of the fluid.

[0011] In an embodiment, the pair of heat exchanging sections are arranged in parallel.

[0012] In an embodiment, the at least one fluid flow inducing device comprises a fan.

[0013] In an embodiment, the conduit apart from the heat exchanging sections is substantially insulated from the surrounding environment.

[0014] In an embodiment, the heat exchanging sections comprises a conductive material for assisting and / or improving the exchange of thermal energy from the respective environments and the fluid as it passes through the respective heat exchanging section.

[0015] In an embodiment, the reciprocating motion arrangement is coupled with a kinetic energy harvesting device.

[0016] In an embodiment, the kinetic energy harvesting device is a generator and / or flywheel.

[0017] In an embodiment, the reciprocating motion arrangement is operatively coupled with a generator for converting rotational motion into electrical power.

[0018] In an embodiment, the pair of fluid flow diverters are configured to operate according to a position of the reciprocating motion arrangement.

[0019] In an embodiment, the pair of fluid flow diverters are configured to operate according to a timer.

[0020] In an embodiment, the at least one fluid flow diverter is configured to operate according to a temperature of the fluid.

[0021] In an embodiment, the reciprocating motion arrangement comprises a piston and a cylinder arrangement.

[0022] In an embodiment, the reciprocating motion arrangement comprises an expander.

[0023] In an embodiment, the conduit is rigid.

[0024] In an embodiment, the fluid comprises a coefficient of expansion greater than or equal to air.

[0025] In an embodiment, the fluid comprises a mass less than or equal to air.

[0026] In an embodiment, the fluid comprises an inert gas.

[0027] In an embodiment, the fluid comprises air, hydrogen, helium, nitrogen or neon.

[0028] In another aspect, the invention provides a method of converting relative differential in thermal energy into kinetic energy and / or electrical energy, the method comprising: providing a closed loop conduit having a pair of selectable and / or alternative heat exchanging sections arranged having at least one fluid flow diverter for diverting a fluid within the conduit through a respective one of the heat exchanging sections of the conduit; flowing a fluid through the closed loop conduit having the pair of selectable and / or alternative heat exchanging sections; operatively connecting the closed loop conduit through a reciprocating motion arrangement; switching the at least one fluid flow diverter between the respective heat exchanging sections according to one or more characteristics of the reciprocating motion arrangement and / or a temperature of the fluid and / or a pressure of the fluid, wherein the one or more characteristics of the reciprocating motion arrangementcomprises a position of the reciprocating motion arrangement so as to selectively vary the thermal energy of the fluid to operate the reciprocating motion arrangement between an extended position and a retracted position.

[0029] In another aspect, the invention provides a method of converting relative differential in thermal energy into kinetic energy and / or electrical energy, the method comprising: flowing a fluid through a closed loop conduit having alternative heat exchanging sections for selectively varying the thermal energy of the fluid; operatively connecting the closed loop conduit through a reciprocating motion arrangement; switching the at least one fluid flow diverter between the respective heat exchanging sections according to one or more characteristics of the reciprocating motion arrangement and / or a temperature of the fluid and / or a pressure of the fluid, wherein the one or more characteristics of the reciprocating motion arrangement comprises a position of the reciprocating motion arrangement so as to selectively vary the thermal energy of the fluid to operate the reciprocating motion arrangement between an extended position and a retracted position.

[0030] In an embodiment, the method further comprises arranging the heat exchanging sections between a pair of the fluid flow diverters.

[0031] In an embodiment, the method further comprises insulating the conduit excluding the heat exchanging sections from the respective environments.

[0032] In an embodiment, the method further comprises connecting the reciprocating motion arrangement to a generator for generating an electrical current.

[0033] In an embodiment, the method further comprises arranging the pair of heat exchanging sections in parallel.

[0034] In an embodiment, the method further comprises switching the fluid flow diverters according to one or more characteristics of the reciprocating motion arrangement .

[0035] In an embodiment, the method further comprises controlling the speed of the fan to vary the output from the reciprocating motion arrangement.

[0036] In an aspect, the invention provides a thermal energy extraction system for converting thermal energy differentials into kinetic energy and / or electrical energy, the thermal energy extraction system comprising: a conduit operatively connected with a reciprocating motion arrangement, the conduit comprising a pair of heat exchanging sections arranged having at least one fluid flow diverter configured to establish selectable and / or alternative fluid flow paths according to one or more characteristics of the reciprocating motion arrangement and / or a temperature of the fluid and / or a pressure of the fluid, wherein the one or more characteristics of the reciprocating motion arrangement comprises a position of the reciprocating motion arrangement; and at least one fluid flow inducing device for inducing a flow of a fluid through the conduit and the reciprocating motion arrangement; wherein the reciprocating motion arrangement is operatively configured to move according to an expansion / contraction of the fluid.

[0037] In another aspect, the invention provides an assembly and method for selectively flowing a fluid through alternative heat exchanging sections of a conduit for operating a cyclical or reciprocating motion apparatus to conduct work and / or generate electricity.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Preferred features, embodiments and variations of the invention may be discerned from the following Detailed Description which provides sufficient information for those skilled in the art to perform the invention. The Detailed Description is not to be regarded as limiting the scope of the preceding Summary of the Invention in any way. The Detailed Description will make reference to a number of drawings as follows:Figure 1 is a plan diagram of a thermal energy extraction assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.Figure 2 is a block diagram of the stages of the fluid flow according to an embodiment of the present invention.Figure 3 is an example of operation of the thermal energy extracting assembly based on a set time period according to an embodiment of the present invention.Figure 4 is a plan diagram of Figure 1 supplementing a solar power system of a residential or commercial premises.Figure 5 is a plan diagram of a thermal energy extraction assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention.Figure 6 is a plan diagram of the thermal energy extraction assembly shown in Figure 1, including a regenerator.Figure 7 is a plan diagram of the thermal energy extraction assembly shown in Figure 5, including a regenerator.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0039] Figure 1 illustrates a thermal energy extraction assembly 10 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The thermal extraction assembly 10 provides a solution for converting thermal energy differentials into kinetic energy and / or electrical energy. The thermal energy differentials may be provided passively from pre-existing sources or provided specifically for the thermal extraction assembly 10. This will be discussed in more detail below.

[0040] The thermal energy extraction assembly 10 comprises a conduit 12 which is operatively connected with a reciprocating motion arrangement. The conduit 12 is preferably provided in a closed loop or at least a loop having a constant volume of fluid. In the preferred embodiment, the reciprocating motion arrangement comprises a piston and cylinder arrangement 20. The piston and cylinder arrangement 20 may include a piston 20A and a cylinder 20B. In alternative embodiments, the reciprocating motion arrangement may comprise an expansion chamber, an inflatable bladder and / or other reciprocating motion arrangements known in the art.

[0041] Throughout the specification and in the preferred embodiment, the thermal energy extraction assembly 10 further comprises a pair of fluid flow diverters 16A, 16B. However, in the broadest sense, the thermal energy extraction assembly 10 requires only fluid flow diverter 16A to perform the invention. Where a single fluid flow diverter 16A is used, the conduit 12 is connected at the other end of both of the heat exchanging sections 30A, 30B. However, there will be limited flow from the heatexchanging section 30A, 30B not selected by the fluid flow diverter 16A. It will also be appreciated that the fluid flow diverters can take many forms and any device suitable for diverting the flow of fluid can be used.

[0042] In relation to Figures 2 to 4, the specification will refer to the present embodiment. The person skilled in the art would appreciate that a single flow diverter 16A would be sufficient.

[0043] The fluid flow diverters 16A, 16B are connected by way of alternative heat exchanging sections 30A, 30B. Accordingly, the conduit 12 may be selected to define two different closed loop configurations each configuration by fluidly connecting one of the heat exchanging sections 30A, 30B with the conduit 12. The heat exchanging section 30A, 30B not in fluid communication with the conduit 12 may not be in fluid communication or may not allow fluid to pass through the respective heat exchanging section 30A, 30B. In the preferred embodiment as seen in Figure 1 and 4, the heat exchanging sections 30A, 30B are fluidly connected with the conduit 12 in parallel with each other.

[0044] In alternative embodiments, the heat exchanging sections 30A, 30B of the conduit 12 may be provided in series. In such an embodiment, the flow of fluid may be isolated or otherwise bypass the respective one of the heat exchanging sections 30A, 30B. In some embodiments, if the fluid flow diverters 16A, 16B are out of alignment, the conduit 12 may not be closed loop and / or fluid may not be able to flow.

[0045] The fluid flow path is determined by the operation of the pair of fluid flow diverters 16A, 16B. The fluid flow diverters 16A, 16B are configured to operate so as to switch, select and / or alternate to the respective one of the heat exchanging sections 30A, 30B so as to define a closed loop within the conduit 12 having only one of the heat exchanging sections 30A, 30B in fluid communication with the conduit 12.

[0046] The fluid flow diverters 16A, 16B are selected and / or switched based upon one or more characteristics of the reciprocating motion arrangement and a property of the fluid.

[0047] The property of the fluid may include a temperature of the fluid and / or a pressure of the fluid.

[0048] The one or more characteristics of the reciprocating motion arrangement may include a speed and / or a position of the reciprocating motion arrangement.

[0049] In an example, the fluid flow diverters 16A, 16B switch between the respective heat exchanging sections according to one or more characteristics of the reciprocating motion arrangement including a position of the reciprocating motion arrangement and / or a fluid temperature and / or a fluid pressure so as to selectively vary the thermal energy of the fluid to operate the reciprocating motion arrangement between an extended position and a retracted position.

[0050] In a more particular example, the fluid flow diverters 16A, 16B switch between the respective heat exchanging sections according to one or more characteristics of the reciprocating motion arrangement including the position of the reciprocating motion arrangement (i.e. , extended or retracted), a fluid temperature of the fluid and a pressure of the fluid so as to selectively vary the thermal energy of the fluid to operate the reciprocating motion arrangement between an extended position and a retracted position.

[0051] In another example, the one or more characteristics of the reciprocating motion arrangement comprises a position of the reciprocating motion arrangement and one or more of: a temperature of the fluid and a pressure of the fluid.

[0052] The thermal energy extraction assembly 10 comprises at least one fluid flow inducing device, such as a fan 14. The fan 14 is configured to induce a flow of the fluid present within the conduit 12 to circulate throughout the conduit 12. In some embodiments, there may be multiple fans 14 positioned at points around the conduit 12 to assist in the circulation of the fluid.

[0053] The heat exchanging sections 30A, 30B are preferably at the highest temperature differential available for a given installation. Some limitations based on location, equipment, insulation may limit the temperature differential able to be achieved. As mentioned above, the conduit 12 is fluidly and operatively coupled with the reciprocating motion arrangement. The reciprocating motion arrangement is configured to move between an expanded or an extended configuration and a retracted or a contracted configuration according to the expansion of the fluid within the reciprocating motion arrangement and the conduit.

[0054] As the conduit 12, including the heat exchanging sections 30A, 30B are preferably rigid, any expansion of the fluid within the conduit 12 will result in movement of the reciprocating motion arrangement. For example, where the piston and cylinder arrangement 20 comprises a volume for receiving the fluid. As the thermal energy in the fluid increases, the fluid expands thereby causing the piston20A to move to or towards the expanded or extended configuration. Whereas, as the thermal energy in the fluid decreases, the fluid contracts thereby causing the piston 20A to move to or towards the contracted or retracted configuration. The present invention cycles between the different thermal energy of the heat exchanging sections 30A, 30B to cause the piston and cylinder arrangement 20 to cycle between the extended / expanded configuration and the retracted / contracted configuration.

[0055] When moving between the extended configuration and the retracted configuration, the piston 20A may move linearly.

[0056] The piston 20A may be connected to a linear-to-uni-directional-rotating gearbox that converts the linear motion of the piston 20A into rotational force to drive the kinetic energy harvesting device.

[0057] As the efficiency of the present invention is directly proportional to the control of the thermal energy, the conduit 12, excluding the heat exchanging portions 30A, 30B is substantially isolated from the environment to prevent the transfer of thermal energy from the fluid to the environment.

[0058] Furthermore, the conduit 12 may comprise a material which has properties or is configured to not store thermal energy so as to allow the fluid in the conduit 12 change according to the relative thermal energy of each of the heat exchanging sections 30A, 30B efficiently. In an embodiment, the conduit 12 may be internally lined with a low thermal conductivity and / or low heat capacity material to minimise unwanted heat transfer between the fluid and the conduit. As an example, the conduit may be lined with ceramic fibre.

[0059] The heat exchanging sections 30A, 30B may preferably comprise conductive materials to assist and / or improve the ability for the thermal energy of the fluid to be influenced by each of the heat exchanging sections 30A, 30B as it passes through.

[0060] In an embodiment shown in Figure 6, a regenerator 31 is provided. The regenerator 31 can be used to store heat temporarily. In this case, 4-way flow diverters 16C, 16D are used on in inlet and outlet side, or 3 On-off valves are used on the inlet side and 3 On-off valves are used on the outlet side.

[0061] After the hot side cycle is done, the regenerator cycle is on before the cold side cycle starts, also when the cold side cycle is done, regenerator cycle is on before hot side cycle starts, as follows: Hot->Regenerator->Cold->Regenerator- >Hot->. This process enhances thermal efficiency by temporarily storing heat rather than dumping it, although the system can function without the regenerator 31.

[0062] Referring now to Figure 2, there is provided a block diagram broadly outlining the operation of the present invention.

[0063] At block 400, the fan 14 induces a flow of fluid through the conduit.

[0064] At blocks 405, the fluid flow diverters connect the conduit 12 to the heat exchanging sections 30A, 30B.

[0065] At blocks 410, 415, the fluid flow diverters 16A, 16B are selectively operated to activate one of the two heat exchanging sections 30A, 30B (shown as TH and TC representing hotter temperature and cooler temperature).

[0066] At block 420, the flow diverter fluidly connects the other side of the heat exchanging sections 30A, 30B with the conduit 12. The conduit is provided to the cylinder 20B of the piston and cylinder arrangement 20.

[0067] At block 425, as the temperature of the fluid in the cylinder 20B and the conduit 12 changes the fluid expands and contracts thereby moving the piston 20A in a reciprocating manner.

[0068] Referring to Figure 4, there is provided an extended design of the thermal energy extraction assembly 10 for use in supplementing a power output, such as the power output provided by a solar power system 100. The thermal energy extraction 10 as seen in Figure 4 comprises a control unit 60 which may comprise a microcontroller which is configured with firmware having instructions to control the operation of the fluid flow diverters 16A, 16B. The control unit 60 may have a number of inputs for receiving readings, statuses, data, or other information from a number of sensors. For example, in a preferred embodiment, the control unit 60 receives readings, statuses, data or other information such as, the temperature of the fluid in the conduit and / or the piston and cylinder arrangement 20, the position of the piston 20A within the piston and cylinder arrangement 20, the status of each of the fluid flow diverters 16A, 16B, the respective temperatures of one or both of the heat exchanging sections 30A, 30B. The control unit 60 may then control the speed of the fan 14 in accordance with the readings, status, data or other information which was received.

[0069] The fan may be connected to the control unit 60 via an inverter, which allows the control unit 60 to adjust the frequency of the AC power supplied to the fan 14. This capability enables control over the fluid flow rate and, consequently, the system's output power. This adaptability is useful for energy storage systems. The movement speed of the piston will be varied so the frequency of the powergenerated by the generator will also be varied. In this case, a variable transmission gear box may be used to maintain the rotational speed of the flywheel and generator so that it generates a steady 50Hz or 60Hz of AC electricity.

[0070] In some embodiments, the reciprocating motion arrangement may be coupled with a kinetic energy harvesting device, such as a generator 70. The reciprocating motion arrangement may be connected by way of a crank 72 which is pivotably connected to the piston 20A of the piston and cylinder arrangement 20. As the reciprocating motion arrangement reciprocates, the generator 70 will generate an electrical current which may be fed into a battery or otherwise supplied as an output electrical power for use by an electrical appliance.

[0071] The control unit 60 may be configured to operate according to various different rules based on the system, the environment, etc. For example, the control unit 60 may be configured to operate the fluid flow diverters 16A, 16B to switch between the heat exchanging sections 30A, 30B according to a position of the piston 20A in the cylinder 20B of the piston cylinder arrangement 20. As such, when the piston 20A reaches a predetermined position or threshold, the fluid flow diverters 16A, 16B may be operated to switch to the other of the heat exchanging sections 30A, 30B. Alternatively, where the thermal energy differential remains substantially constant, the control unit 60 may be configured to operate on a timer. Therefore, the control unit 60 is configured to operate the fluid flow diverters 16A, 16B after a predetermined time to switch the conduit to one of the heat exchanging sections 30A, 30B. Then after a set period of time, the control unit 60 would be configured to operate the fluid flow diverters 16A, 16B to switch to the other one of the heat exchanging sections 30A, 30B. This cycle continues and / or is optimised based on changing conditions in the environment or readings, statuses, data or other information supplied to the control unit 60. The control unit 60 may control the speed of the fan 14 so as to increase / decrease the flow of the fluid through the conduit 12 so as to control the temperature of the fluid in the conduit 12 and / or the reciprocating motion arrangement.

[0072] Referring to Figure 3, there is provided an example time whereby the temperature of the fluid in the cylinder represented by the cyclical line of the graph oscillates between the hotter temperature TH and the cooler temperature TC. TH and TC represent the fluid reaching a steady state with the respective one of theheat exchanging section 30A, 30B which the fluid in the conduit 12 is flowing through.

[0073] The heat exchanging sections 30A, 30B may be specifically designed for the thermal energy extraction assembly 10. Preferably, the thermal energy differentials for use in the heat exchanging sections 30A, 30B may be sourced from the environment and / or existing infrastructure or appliances. For example, the heat exchanging sections 30A, 30B as seen in Figure 4 may comprise one heat exchanging section 30A positioned within a hot water heater tank for heating the air that flows through when the conduit 12 is fluidly connected to that heat exchanging section 30A. The other of the heat exchanging sections 30B may be positioned to allow the ambient air to pass around it for cooling the air that flows through when the conduit 12 is fluidly connected to the heat exchanging section 30B. The heat exchanging sections 30A, 30B may merely be the conduit 12 in contact with a source of a desired thermal energy or alternatively, the conduit 12 may pass through or be incorporated within an appliance or structure with the desired thermal energy for the respective heat exchanging sections 30A, 30B.

[0074] The fluid within the thermal energy extraction assembly 10 is preferably an inert gas which comprises a mass less than or equal to air and / or a coefficient of expansion greater than or equal to the coefficient of expansion of air. Ideally, the expansion and contraction of the fluid is larger than that of air. However, as air is readily available, it may be suitable in many cases, particularly where there is a large temperature differential. In some embodiments, the fluid may be one of many different fluids or combinations of fluids such as, but not limited to, air, hydrogen, helium, nitrogen or neon. As the thermal energy extraction assembly 10 comprises a closed loop of conduit, the volume of fluid in the conduit remains constant.

[0075] The method will now be described with reference to the Figures generally.

[0076] There is provided a method of converting relative differential in thermal energy into kinetic energy and / or electrical energy using a thermal energy extraction assembly 10 as described above. Flowing a fluid through a closed loop of conduit 12. Operating the at least one fluid flow diverter 16A to which diverts the fluid through one of two alternative heat exchanging sections 30A, 30B. In the preferred embodiment, the thermal energy extraction assembly 10 comprises a pair of fluid flow diverters 16A, 16B. However, the benefits of the present invention may be achieved from a single fluid flow diverter 16A. As mentioned above where a singlefluid flow diverter 16A is used, the conduit 12 is connected at the other end of both of the heat exchanging sections 30A, 30B. However, there will be limited flow from the heat exchanging section 30A, 30B not selected by the fluid flow diverter 16A. The conduit 12 is fluidly connected to the cylinder 20B of the piston cylinder arrangement 20. Applying pressure so as to move the piston 20A of the piston cylinder arrangement 20 according to the effect of the temperature differential on the fluid in the conduit and the cylinder 20B of the piston cylinder arrangement 20. The fluid flow diverters 16A, 16B are switched upon one or more characteristics of the reciprocating motion arrangement. As discussed above, switching the fluid flow diverters 16A, 16B may occur after a set period of time. Alternatively, switching the fluid flow diverters 16A, 16B may occur once the piston 20A reaches a predetermined point in the cylinder 20B.

[0077] The method may further comprise insulating as much of the conduit as possible such that the heat loss to the environment and / or the thermal energy extraction assembly 10 is reduced to as low as possible.

[0078] The piston 20A may be connected to provide work in the form of a reciprocating kinetic energy. Alternatively, the piston 20A may be connected to a generator 70 such that as the piston is oscillating back and forth, the generator 70 generates an electrical current. In alternative embodiments, the reciprocating motion arrangement may comprise an expansion / contraction chamber which converts the expansion / contraction of a fluid into kinetic energy and / or mechanical motion.

[0079] The present invention may have advantageous benefits for a number of appliances and / or for supplementing certain operations, such as a solar power system 100. The present invention seeks to utilise the natural thermal energy differences in thermal energy that can occur. However, in some instances providing utilising existing components may assist in achieving a desired thermal energy differential.

[0080] Turning to Figure 5, there is illustrated a thermal energy extraction assembly 200 according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention. The thermal extraction assembly 200 provides a solution for converting thermal energy differentials into kinetic energy and / or electrical energy. The thermal energy differentials may be provided passively from pre-existing sources or provided specifically for the thermal extraction assembly 200. This will be discussed in more detail below.

[0081] The thermal energy extraction assembly 200 comprises a conduit 212 which is operatively connected with a reciprocating motion arrangement. The conduit 212 is preferably provided in a closed loop or at least a loop having a constant volume of fluid. In the preferred embodiment, the reciprocating motion arrangement comprises a piston and cylinder arrangement 220. The piston and cylinder arrangement 220 may include a piston 220A and a cylinder 220B. In alternative embodiments, the reciprocating motion arrangement may comprise an expansion chamber, an inflatable bladder and / or other reciprocating motion arrangements known in the art.

[0082] Throughout the specification and in the preferred embodiment, the thermal energy extraction assembly 200 further comprises two pairs of fluid flow diverters in the form of two pairs of on-off valves 216A, 216B. Each on-off valve of one of the pairs is connected in series to another on-off valve of the other pair by the heat exchanging sections 230A, 230B.

[0083] As such, the flow diverter (pair of on-off valves) on the inlet side is implemented with two separate On-Off valves connected to the inlet side of Cold and Hot side heat exchangers, with only one valve open at a time. The same mechanism is applied to the outlet side.

[0084] Each on-off valve may include a rotating plate with slots. The plate’s rotation, which may be controlled electronically by a control unit (such as control unit 60, described elsewhere), rapidly opens or closes the slots.

[0085] In the broadest sense, the thermal energy extraction assembly 210 requires only one pair of on-off valves 216A to perform the invention. Where a single pair of on-off valves 216A are used, the conduit 212 is connected at the other end of both of the heat exchanging sections 230A, 230B. However, there will be limited flow from the heat exchanging section 30A, 30B not selected by the pair of on-off valves 216A. As noted above, the two pairs of on-off valves 216A, 216B are connected by way of alternative heat exchanging sections 230A, 230B. Accordingly, the conduit 212 may be selected to define two different closed loop configurations each configuration by fluidly connecting one of the heat exchanging sections 230A, 230B with the conduit 212. The heat exchanging section 230A, 230B not in fluid communication with the conduit 212 may not be in fluid communication or may not allow fluid to pass through the respective heat exchanging section 230A, 230B. The heat exchanging sections 230A, 230B are fluidly connected with the conduit 212 in parallel with each other.

[0086] In alternative embodiments, the heat exchanging sections 230A, 230B of the conduit 212 may be provided in series. In such an embodiment, the flow of fluid may be isolated or otherwise bypass the respective one of the heat exchanging sections 230A, 230B. In some embodiments, if the pairs of on-off valves 216A, 216B are out of alignment, the conduit 212 may not be closed loop and / or fluid may not be able to flow.

[0087] The fluid flow path is determined by the operation of the two pairs of on-off valves 216A, 216B. The two pairs of on-off valves 216A, 216B are configured to operate so as to switch, select and / or alternate to the respective one of the heat exchanging sections 230A, 230B so as to define a closed loop within the conduit 212 having only one of the heat exchanging sections 230A, 230B in fluid communication with the conduit 212.

[0088] The two pairs of on-off valves 216A, 216B are selected and / or switched based upon one or more characteristics of the reciprocating motion arrangement and a property of the fluid.

[0089] The property of the fluid may include a temperature of the fluid and / or a pressure of the fluid.

[0090] The one or more characteristics of the reciprocating motion arrangement may include a speed of the reciprocating motion arrangement and / or a position of the reciprocating motion arrangement.

[0091] In an embodiment, the one or more characteristics of the reciprocating motion arrangement may include a speed and position of the reciprocating motion arrangement and a temperature of the fluid.

[0092] In an example, the two pairs of on-off valves 216A, 216B switch the flow between the respective heat exchanging sections according to one or more characteristics of the reciprocating motion arrangement and / or a fluid temperature and / or a fluid pressure so as to selectively vary the thermal energy of the fluid to operate the reciprocating motion arrangement between an extended position and a retracted position.

[0093] In a more particular example, the fluid flow diverters 16A, 16B switch between the respective heat exchanging sections according to one or more characteristics of the reciprocating motion arrangement including the position of the reciprocating motion arrangement (i.e. , extended or retracted), a fluid temperature of the fluid and a pressure of the fluid so as to selectively vary the thermal energy of the fluid tooperate the reciprocating motion arrangement between an extended position and a retracted position.

[0094] In another example, the one or more characteristics of the reciprocating motion arrangement comprises a position of the reciprocating motion arrangement and one or more of: a temperature of the fluid and a pressure of the fluid.

[0095] The thermal energy extraction assembly 200 comprises at least one fluid flow inducing device, such as a fan 214. The fan 214 is configured to induce a flow of the fluid present within the conduit 212 to circulate throughout the conduit 212. In some embodiments, there may be multiple fans 214 positioned at points around the conduit 212 to assist in the circulation of the fluid.

[0096] The heat exchanging sections 230A, 230B are preferably at the highest temperature differential available for a given installation. Some limitations based on location, equipment, insulation may limit the temperature differential able to be achieved. As mentioned above, the conduit 212 is fluidly and operatively coupled with the reciprocating motion arrangement. The reciprocating motion arrangement is configured to move between an expanded or an extended configuration and a retracted or a contracted configuration according to the expansion of the fluid within reciprocating motion arrangement and the conduit.

[0097] As the conduit 212, including the heat exchanging sections 230A, 230B are preferably rigid, any expansion of the fluid within the conduit 212 will result in movement of the reciprocating motion arrangement. For example, where the piston and cylinder arrangement 220 comprises a volume for receiving the fluid. As the thermal energy in the fluid increases, the fluid expands thereby causing the piston 220A to move to or towards the expanded or extended configuration. Whereas, as the thermal energy in the fluid decreases, the fluid contracts thereby causing the piston 220A to move to or towards the contracted or retracted configuration.

[0098] The present invention cycles between the different thermal energy of the heat exchanging sections 230A, 230B to cause the piston and cylinder arrangement 220 to cycle between the extended / expanded configuration and the retracted / contracted configuration.

[0099] When moving between the extended configuration and the retracted configuration, the piston 220A moves linearly.

[0100] The piston 220A may be connected to a linear-to-uni-directional-rotating gearbox that converts the linear motion of the piston 220A into rotational force to drive the kinetic energy harvesting device.

[0101] As the efficiency of the present invention is directly proportional to the control of the thermal energy, the conduit 212, excluding the heat exchanging portions 230A, 230B is substantially isolated from the environment to prevent the transfer of thermal energy from the fluid to the environment.

[0102] Furthermore, the conduit 212 may comprise a material which has properties or is configured to not store thermal energy so as to allow the fluid in the conduit 212 change according to the relative thermal energy of each of the heat exchanging sections 230A, 230B efficiently. In an embodiment, the conduit 212 may be internally lined with a low thermal conductivity and / or low heat capacity material to minimise unwanted heat transfer between the fluid and the conduit. As an example, the conduit may be lined with ceramic fibre.

[0103] The heat exchanging sections 230A, 230B may preferably comprise conductive materials to assist and / or improve the ability for the thermal energy of the fluid to be influenced by each of the heat exchanging sections 230A, 230B as it passes through.

[0104] In an embodiment shown in Figure 7, the thermal energy extraction assembly 200 also includes a regenerator 231. The regenerator 231 can be used to store heat temporarily. In this case, two sets of three on-off valves 216C, 216D are used with one set of three on the inlet side and the other set of three on the outlet side.

[0105] After the hot side cycle is done, the regenerator cycle is on before the cold side cycle starts, also when the cold side cycle is done, regenerator cycle is on before hot side cycle starts, as follows: Hot->Regenerator->Cold->Regenerator- >Hot->. This process enhances thermal efficiency by temporarily storing heat rather than dumping it, although the system can function without the regenerator 31.

[0106] The present invention is defined as an assembly but may be provided as a system wherein the thermal energy extraction system comprises a number of separate but interconnected assemblies. There person skilled in the art would readily appreciate that the present invention may be provided in a number of ways which in some embodiments may be more apt for description as a assembly whereas in others more apt for description as a system.

[0107] In compliance with the statute, the invention has been described in language more or less specific to structural or methodical features. The term “comprises” and its variations, such as “comprising” and “comprised of” is used throughout in an inclusive sense and not to the exclusion of any additional features.

[0108] It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to specific features shown or described since the means herein described comprises preferred forms of putting the invention into effect.

[0109] The invention is, therefore, claimed in any of its forms or modifications within the proper scope of the appended claims appropriately interpreted by those skilled in the art.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A thermal energy extraction assembly for converting thermal energy differentials into kinetic energy and / or electrical energy, the thermal energy extraction assembly comprising: a conduit operatively connected with a reciprocating motion arrangement, the conduit comprising a pair of heat exchanging sections arranged having at least one fluid flow diverter configured to establish selectable and / or alternative fluid flow paths according to one or more characteristics of the reciprocating motion arrangement and a property of the fluid including a temperature of the fluid and / or a pressure of the fluid, wherein the one or more characteristics of the reciprocating motion arrangement comprises a position of the reciprocating motion arrangement and / or a speed of the reciprocating motion arrangement; and at least one fluid flow inducing device for inducing a flow of a fluid through the conduit and the reciprocating motion arrangement; wherein the reciprocating motion arrangement is operatively configured to move between an extended position and a retracted position according to an expansion / contraction of the fluid.

2. The thermal energy extraction assembly according to claim 1, wherein the pair of heat exchanging sections is arranged between a pair of fluid flow diverters.

3. The thermal energy extraction assembly according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the at least one fluid flow diverter is configured to establish selectable and / or alternative fluid flow paths according to one or more characteristics of the reciprocating motion arrangement and a pressure of the fluid, wherein the one or more characteristics of the reciprocating motion arrangement comprises a position of the reciprocating motion arrangement.

4. The thermal energy extraction assembly according to any one of claims 1 to3, wherein the pair of heat exchanging sections are arranged in parallel.

5. The thermal energy extraction assembly according to any one of claims 1 to4, wherein the at least one fluid flow inducing device comprises a fan configured to induce a flow of the fluid present within the conduit to circulate throughout the conduit.

6. The thermal energy extraction assembly according to any one of claims 1 to5, wherein the conduit apart from the heat exchanging sections is substantially insulated from the surrounding environment.

7. The thermal energy extraction assembly according to any one of claims 1 to6, wherein the heat exchanging sections comprises a conductive material for assisting and / or improving the exchange of thermal energy from the respective environments and the fluid passing through the respective heat exchanging section.

8. The thermal energy extraction assembly according to any one of claims 1 to7, wherein the reciprocating motion arrangement is coupled with a kinetic energy harvesting device.

9. The thermal energy extraction assembly according to claim 8, wherein the kinetic energy harvesting device is a generator.

10. The thermal energy extraction assembly according to any one of claims 1 to9, wherein the reciprocating motion arrangement is operatively coupled with a generator for converting rotational motion into electrical power.

11. The thermal energy extraction assembly according to any one of claims 1 to10, wherein the pair of fluid flow diverters are further configured to operate according to a timer.

12. The thermal energy extraction assembly according to any one of claims 1 to11, wherein the reciprocating motion arrangement comprises a piston and a cylinder arrangement.

13. The thermal energy extraction assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the reciprocating motion arrangement comprises an expander.

14. The thermal energy extraction assembly according to any one of claims 1 to13, wherein the conduit is rigid.

15. The thermal energy extraction assembly according to any one of claims 1 to14, wherein the fluid comprises a mass less than or equal to air and / or a coefficient of expansion greater than or equal to air.

16. The thermal energy extraction assembly according to any one of claims 1 to15, wherein the fluid comprises an inert gas.

17. The thermal energy extraction assembly according to any one of claims 1 to16, wherein the fluid comprises air, hydrogen, helium, nitrogen or neon.

18. The thermal energy extraction assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising one or more regenerators for storing thermal energy.

19. The thermal energy extraction assembly according to claim 18, wherein the thermal energy stored in the regenerators is provided to one or each of the heat exchanging sections.

20. A method of converting relative differential in thermal energy into kinetic energy and / or electrical energy, the method comprising: providing a closed loop conduit having a pair of selectable and / or alternative heat exchanging sections arranged having at least one fluid flow diverter for diverting a fluid within the conduit through a respective one of the heat exchanging sections of the conduit; flowing a fluid through the closed loop conduit having the pair of selectable and / or alternative heat exchanging sections; operatively connecting the closed loop conduit through a reciprocating motion arrangement; switching the at least one fluid flow diverter between the respective heat exchanging sections according to one or more characteristics of the reciprocating motion arrangement and a property of the fluid including a temperature of the fluid and / or pressure of the fluid so as to selectively vary the thermal energy of the fluid to operate the reciprocating motion arrangement between an extended position and a retracted position, wherein the one or more characteristics of the reciprocating motion arrangement comprises a position of the reciprocating motion arrangement and / or a speed of the reciprocating motion arrangement.

21. A method of converting relative differential in thermal energy into kinetic energy and / or electrical energy, the method comprising: flowing a fluid through a closed loop conduit having alternative heat exchanging sections for selectively varying the thermal energy of the fluid; operatively connecting the closed loop conduit through a reciprocating motion arrangement;switching the at least one fluid flow diverter between the respective heat exchanging sections according to one or more characteristics of the reciprocating motion arrangement and a property of the fluid including a fluid temperature and / or a fluid pressure so as to selectively vary the thermal energy of the fluid to operate the reciprocating motion arrangement between an extended position and a retracted position, wherein the one or more characteristics of the reciprocating motion arrangement comprises a position of the reciprocating motion arrangement and / or a speed of the reciprocating motion arrangement.

22. The method according to claim 20 or 21, further comprising arranging the heat exchanging sections between a pair of the fluid flow diverters.

23. The method according to any one of claims 20 to 22, further comprising insulating the conduit excluding the heat exchanging sections from the respective environments.

24. The method according to any one of claims 20 to 23, the method further comprising connecting the reciprocating motion arrangement to a generator for generating an electrical current.

25. The method according to any one of claims 20 to 24, the method further comprising arranging the pair of heat exchanging sections in parallel.

26. The method according to any one of claims 20 to 25, the method further comprising controlling a speed of a fan configured to induce a flow of the fluid present within the conduit to circulate throughout the conduit to vary the output from the reciprocating motion arrangement.

27. A thermal energy extraction assembly for converting thermal energy differentials into kinetic energy and / or electrical energy, the thermal energy extraction assembly comprising: a conduit operatively connected with a reciprocating motion arrangement, the conduit comprising a pair of heat exchanging sections arranged having at least one fluid flow diverter configured to establish selectable and / or alternative fluid flow paths according to one or more characteristics of the reciprocating motion arrangement and a property of the fluid including a temperature of the fluid and / or a pressure of the fluid, wherein the one or more characteristics of the reciprocating motionarrangement comprises a position of the reciprocating motion arrangement and / or a speed of the reciprocating motion arrangement; and at least one fluid flow inducing device for inducing a flow of a fluid through the conduit and the reciprocating motion arrangement; wherein the reciprocating motion arrangement is operatively configured to move between an extended position and a retracted position according to an expansion / contraction of the fluid.

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