Electrodynamic brake apparatus and vehicle having said apparatus

Abstract

The invention relates to an electrodynamic brake apparatus (10) that has an induction device (12), the induction device (12) having a conductor device (16) and a magnetic flux device (14) that is configured to provide a magnetic field. The magnetic flux device (14) and the conductor device (16) are coupled such that electrical currents can be induced in the conductor device (16). The conductor device (16) is assigned at least one magnetic-flux-conducting element (50') for conducting a magnetic flux, the at least one magnetic-flux-conducting element (50') consisting of a magnetically conductive material or comprising a magnetically conductive material. For this improved electrodynamic brake apparatus, the conductor device (16) additionally comprises a porous structure (34) that consists of or comprises a metallic, electrically conductive material.

Description

[0001] ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKING DEVICE AND VEHICLE FITTED WITH THIS DEVICE

[0002] The invention relates to an electrodynamic braking device with an induction device, wherein the induction device has a magnetic flux device which is designed to provide a magnetic field, and a conductor device, wherein the magnetic flux device and the conductor device are coupled in such a way that electrical currents can be induced into the conductor device, and wherein the conductor device is assigned at least one magnetic flux conducting element for conducting a magnetic flux, wherein the at least one magnetic flux conducting element is made of a magnetically conductive material or comprises a magnetically conductive material.

[0003] Furthermore, the invention relates to a vehicle with an electrodynamic braking device according to the invention.

[0004] From WO 98 / 47215A1, a magnetic coupling is known which comprises a first shaft with a first axis. A second shaft is separate from the first shaft and the second shaft has a second axis aligned with the first axis. A rotating magnet unit is mounted to rotate about the first shaft. The rotating magnet unit comprises an array of egg-shaped permanent magnet assemblies arranged radially at a first distance from the first shaft, each of the permanent magnet assemblies having an opening oriented towards the second shaft. A rotating electrically conductive unit is mounted to rotate about the second shaft.The rotating electrically conductive unit has a U-shaped conductor arrangement arranged radially at a second distance from the second shaft, this distance being smaller than the first distance in order to increase the arm of the magnetic moment and thus increase the torque compared to the values ​​achievable in comparable couplings. DE 10 2016 108 646 B4 discloses an electrodynamic brake with a magnetic device for providing a magnetic field and an induction device. The induction device has a plurality of perforated plates made of an electrically conductive material, arranged at least substantially parallel to one another and spaced apart from one another. The perforated plates are arranged such that their holes are aligned, with at least one pin extending through each aligned hole.

[0005] The invention is based on the object of providing an improved electrodynamic braking device.

[0006] This object is achieved according to the invention in the electrodynamic braking device mentioned at the outset in that the conductor device is or has a porous structure made of a metallic electrically conductive material.

[0007] For the purposes of the present invention, a porous structure is understood to be a structure permeated by a plurality of pores. Pores form hollow bodies and / or cavities within the structure, which are separated from one another by webs, in particular solid webs. The porous structure is, in particular, a two-phase system formed from a solid and a gaseous phase and / or a solid and a liquid phase. In particular, the porous structure is a porous solid-state structure.

[0008] The metallic electrically conductive material of the porous structure has in particular an electrical conductivity of at least 2CL10 6 S / m (relative to room temperature) and is, for example, a metal.

[0009] Electrical currents can be induced in the conductor device by means of the magnetic flux device, which is configured to provide a magnetic field. The at least one magnetic flux conducting element serves to conduct and / or guide a magnetic flux of the magnetic field. The electrical flow of the induced currents and the magnetic flux can thus be spatially separated from each other. This makes it possible to minimize the skin effect and enable a homogeneous current distribution.

[0010] The porous structure can be manufactured in just a few steps. Properties of the porous structure, such as the size of the pores or the width of the webs, can be easily adapted to the requirements of an application. Furthermore, assembly steps can be reduced.

[0011] The porous structure exhibits particularly good mechanical properties, such as high specific strength and high specific stiffness. This allows for a smaller and lighter design of the electrodynamic braking device according to the invention.

[0012] It is advantageous if the magnetic flux device and the conductor device are movable relative to one another along a path of movement, in particular a planar path of movement, wherein, starting from an initial position, a relative movement between the magnetic flux device and the conductor device results in a braking effect. The magnetic flux device provides a magnetic field through which electrical currents can be induced in the conductor device. A braking effect can be achieved by exposing the conductor device to a change in the magnetic field. During a braking process, eddy currents are induced in the conductor device, which counteract their cause according to Lenz's law and thus inhibit movement between the magnetic flux device and the conductor device.

[0013] It has been found that a high power density can be achieved if a permeability number, especially magnetic permeability number, of the porous structure is less than 1.0001.

[0014] It is advantageous if at least one of the following is provided: a porosity of the porous structure is at least 0.6; a porosity of the porous structure is at most 0.98.

[0015] Porosity is defined as the ratio of the void volume of a porous structure to its total volume. The void volume is the volume occupied by cavities formed by pores. The total volume is the sum of the void volume and the volume of a solid, i.e., a solid portion of the porous structure. Porosity is, in particular, a measure of the proportion of the void volume to the porous structure.

[0016] For simple production, it is advantageous if at least one of the following is provided:

[0017] - Pores of the porous structure have an average pore diameter of at least 0.1 mm;

[0018] - Pores of the porous structure have an average pore diameter of 5 mm or less.

[0019] Pores in the porous structure are at least approximately spherical in shape with a pore diameter. Due to manufacturing constraints, pore diameters within the porous structure may vary. Therefore, it is intended that the average pore diameter be at least 0.1 mm and / or at most 5 mm.

[0020] For a lightweight construction, it is advantageous if the material spacing between adjacent pores in the porous structure averages no more than 2 mm. Adjacent pores in the porous structure are separated from each other, in particular, by solid webs. The material spacing is, for example, a measure of the width of the webs between adjacent pores.

[0021] Preferably, at least one of the following is provided: the porous structure is a metal foam or comprises a metal foam,

[0022] - the porous structure is an aluminium foam or a copper foam or a magnesium foam or comprises an aluminium foam or a copper foam or a magnesium foam;

[0023] - a normalized electrical conductivity of the porous structure is at least 0.01, wherein the normalized electrical conductivity is the ratio of an electrical conductivity of the porous structure to an electrical conductivity of a solid material used;

[0024] - a normalized electrical conductivity of the porous structure is at most 0.5, where the normalized electrical conductivity is the ratio of an electrical conductivity of the porous structure to an electrical conductivity of a solid material used.

[0025] Using a metal foam, the porous structure can be easily manufactured with just a few manufacturing steps. In particular, the porous structure is made at least partially of aluminum foam, copper foam, or magnesium foam. These exhibit good electrical conductivity, enabling high power density.

[0026] The normalized electrical conductivity is, for example, the quotient of the electrical conductivity of the metal foam to the electrical conductivity of the metal used for the metal foam. The normalized electrical conductivity indicates, in particular, the electrical conductivity of the porous structure compared to the solid material used. The normalized electrical conductivity depends, for example, on the porosity. In particular, the normalized electrical conductivity is higher the lower the porosity. In one embodiment of the electrodynamic braking device according to the invention, the porous structure is preferably open-pored. Open-pored means that pores and / or cavities of the porous structure are connected to one another and to the environment.In particular, a void volume of the porous structure is formed by the sum of the pores and / or voids that communicate with each other and with the environment.

[0027] For a homogeneous heat distribution, it is advantageous if at least one of the following is provided:

[0028] - the conductor device is designed such that a fluid, in particular a cooling fluid, can flow through it;

[0029] - the conductor device comprises channels through which a fluid can flow, in particular channels are formed by an open-pore structure;

[0030] - a specific surface area of ​​the porous structure, in particular cooling surface, is at least 0.2 mm 2 / mm 3 , where the specific surface area is the ratio of a pore surface area of ​​the porous structure to a unit volume of the porous structure;

[0031] - a specific surface area of ​​the porous structure, in particular the cooling surface, is not more than 25 mm 2 / mm 3 , where the specific surface area is the ratio of a pore surface area of ​​the porous structure to a unit volume of the porous structure.

[0032] During operation of the electrodynamic braking device, heat is generated, particularly in the conductor device, into which currents can be induced. The conductor device is designed such that, during operation, a fluid, in particular a cooling fluid, can flow and dissipate heat from the conductor device. The fluid flows particularly in channels formed, for example, by an open-pore structure. This enables homogeneous heat distribution. Furthermore, it enables simple manufacturing, involving few production steps.

[0033] For good cooling performance, it is also advantageous if the specific surface area of ​​the porous structure is at least 0.2 mm2 / mm 3 and / or a maximum of 25 mm 2 / mm 3 The specific surface area is a measure of the pore surface area relative to a unit volume of the porous structure. Pore surface area is the sum of all interfaces between different phases, for example, solid and gaseous and / or solid and liquid, within the porous structure.

[0034] In one embodiment of the electrodynamic braking device according to the invention, the conductor device comprises sheets made of a metallic electrically conductive material, with at least one of the following:

[0035] - sheets are spaced apart from each other and arranged substantially parallel to each other;

[0036] - a permeability number, in particular magnetic permeability number, of the sheets is less than 1.0001.

[0037] The metallic electrically conductive material of the sheets has in particular an electrical conductivity of at least 20-10 6 S / m (relative to room temperature) and is, for example, a metal.

[0038] For further details of this embodiment, please refer to the

[0039] DE 10 2016 108 646 B4 of the same applicant. Reference is expressly made to this document in its entirety.

[0040] For a high power density, at least one of the following is provided: - a permeability number, in particular magnetic permeability number, of the at least one magnetic flux conducting element is greater than a permeability number, in particular magnetic permeability number, of the conductor device;

[0041] - a permeability number, in particular a magnetic permeability number, of the at least one magnetic flux conducting element is greater than 300;

[0042] - at least one magnetic flux guide element is made of steel.

[0043] As already explained, electrical currents can be induced in the conductor device by means of the magnetic flux device, which is configured to provide a magnetic field. The magnetic flux can be guided in a targeted manner by means of the at least one magnetic flux conducting element. For this purpose, in particular a permeability number, in particular a magnetic permeability number, of the at least one magnetic flux conducting element is greater than the permeability number, in particular a magnetic permeability number, of the conductor device. This enables a spatial separation of electrical flux and magnetic flux, whereby the skin effect can be kept low and a homogeneous current distribution is enabled. A ferromagnetic material, for example steel, is particularly suitable for the at least one magnetic flux conducting element.

[0044] For a simple constructive implementation, at least one of the following is preferably provided:

[0045] - the conductor device has at least one mounting recess to which at least one magnetic flux conducting element is assigned; the conductor device has at least one mounting recess in which at least one magnetic flux conducting element is arranged; the at least one mounting recess and the at least one magnetic flux conducting element are connected to one another by means of positive locking and / or frictional locking and / or material locking;

[0046] - the at least one magnetic flux conducting element is fixed in the at least one mounting recess by means of positive locking and / or frictional locking and / or material locking.

[0047] Advantageously, the at least one magnetic flux conducting element is a cylindrical pin and / or a laminated core.

[0048] Preferably, at least one of the following is provided:

[0049] - the conductor device has a plurality of magnetic flux conducting elements;

[0050] - Magnetic flux guiding elements are arranged at a distance from each other;

[0051] - the conductor device has a plurality of mounting recesses, wherein at least one magnetic flux conducting element is assigned to each mounting recess;

[0052] - Magnetic flux guiding elements are arranged at least approximately parallel to each other;

[0053] - magnetic flux conducting elements each have a direction of extension which is oriented transversely and in particular perpendicularly to a direction of movement between the magnetic flux device and the conductor device;

[0054] Magnetic flux guide elements are arranged in a regular grid. This allows for a homogeneous distribution of the magnetic flux and the electrical flux. In particular, it results in even heat distribution, thus avoiding thermally critical points.

[0055] For the same reason, it is advantageous if an average of one to ten pores are arranged between magnetic flux conducting elements of adjacent mounting recesses.

[0056] For ease of manufacture and assembly, it is advantageous if at least one of the following is provided:

[0057] - the porous structure has mounting recesses, in particular holes and / or slots;

[0058] - Sheets of the conductor device have mounting recesses, in particular holes and / or slots, wherein mounting recesses of adjacent sheets are arranged in alignment with one another, and wherein at least one magnetic flux conducting element extends through each of the aligned mounting recesses;

[0059] - Mounting recesses of the porous structure and mounting recesses of sheets are arranged in alignment with each other, with at least one magnetic flux guiding element extending through each of the aligned mounting recesses.

[0060] Preferably, the conductor device has a top side and a bottom side opposite the top side with at least one of the following:

[0061] - the at least one mounting recess extends from the top side towards the bottom side; the at least one mounting recess extends from the top side to the bottom side; the at least one magnetic flux guiding element extends from the top side towards the bottom side;

[0062] - the at least one magnetic flux guiding element extends from the top side to the bottom side;

[0063] - the magnetic flux device is assigned to the upper side, wherein the magnetic flux device occupies a distance, in particular a constant distance, from the upper side.

[0064] This makes it possible to ensure that a magnetic flux generated by the magnetic flux device is guided through the magnetically permeable conductor device.

[0065] In one embodiment of the electrodynamic braking device according to the invention, a magnetically permeable cover plate is assigned to the upper side of the conductor device, with at least one of the following:

[0066] - the cover plate sits on the top;

[0067] - the cover plate has at least one mounting recess, wherein the at least one mounting recess of the cover plate is arranged in alignment with the at least one mounting recess of the conductor device, in particular with the at least one mounting recess of the porous structure and / or the sheets;

[0068] - at least one magnetic flux conducting element extends from the cover plate through aligned mounting recesses in the direction of the underside of the conductor device; - at least one magnetic flux conducting element extends from the cover plate through aligned mounting recesses to the underside of the conductor device.

[0069] This provides a simple way to prevent dirt from entering the conductor device while at the same time effectively conducting the magnetic flux.

[0070] Advantageously, the magnetic flux device comprises at least one magnet for generating a magnetic field. This allows a magnetic field to be provided.

[0071] Preferably, at least one of the following is provided:

[0072] - the conductor device is assigned a magnetic yoke made of a magnetically conductive material, in particular a soft magnetic composite or a ceramic ferrite;

[0073] - the magnetic yoke is assigned to a bottom side of the conductor device;

[0074] - the magnetic yoke is located on the bottom.

[0075] This makes it easy to amplify the magnetic field.

[0076] As mentioned at the outset, the invention relates to a vehicle, in particular a rail vehicle or motor vehicle, with an electrodynamic braking device according to the invention.

[0077] The vehicle according to the invention has the advantages already explained in connection with the electrodynamic braking device according to the invention.

[0078] The following description of preferred embodiments, taken in conjunction with the drawings, serves to further explain the invention. They show:

[0079] Figure 1: a perspective view of an embodiment of an electrodynamic braking device according to the invention;

[0080] Figure 2: a plan view of the electrodynamic braking device according to Figure 1, with a carrier plate hidden;

[0081] Figure 3: a perspective view of a further embodiment of the electrodynamic braking device according to the invention;

[0082] Figure 4: a sectional view of the electrodynamic braking device according to Figure 3;

[0083] Figure 5: a perspective view of a further embodiment of the electrodynamic braking device according to the invention;

[0084] Figure 6: a sectional view of the electrodynamic braking device according to Figure 5;

[0085] Figure 7: a perspective view of a further embodiment of the electrodynamic braking device according to the invention;

[0086] Figure 8: a perspective view of a vehicle according to the invention.

[0087] A first embodiment of an electrodynamic braking device according to the invention is schematically illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 and designated by reference numeral 10. The electrodynamic braking device 10 comprises an induction device 12 arranged in a housing 13. The induction device 12 has a magnetic flux device 14 for providing a magnetic field and a conductor device 16 configured to induce electrical currents in a variable magnetic field. The induction device 12 has a circular contour in a plan view.

[0088] The magnetic flux device 14 and the conductor device 16 are mounted so as to be movable relative to each other on a rotational movement path 18. A rotational movement occurs around a rotation axis 20.

[0089] The magnetic flux device 14 has a plurality of magnets 22 and pole elements 24 arranged and fixed on a carrier plate 26. Magnets 22 are, for example, electromagnets and / or permanent magnets. Magnets 22 serve to generate a magnetic field and are arranged between pole elements 24 and carrier plate 26. Pole elements 24 serve, for example, as magnetic north poles or as magnetic south poles and are magnetized by the magnets 22. Magnets 22 and pole elements 24 are arranged evenly distributed over the circumference of the carrier plate 26 and, when viewed from above, have, for example, a circular segment-shaped contour.

[0090] A shaft 28 is assigned to the support plate 26, via which the support plate 26 with the magnets 22 and the pole elements 24 can be set in rotation. This results in a rotational relative movement between the moving magnetic flux device 14 and the stationary conductor device 16. A shaft axis 29 is aligned coaxially with the rotation axis 20.

[0091] A component to be braked not shown in the drawing may be connected to the shaft 28

[0092] Alternatively, to the carrier plate 26 being movable with the magnetic flux device 14 and the conductor device 16 being stationary, the configuration may also be reversed, namely that the conductor device 16 rotates and the magnetic flux device 14 is stationary.

[0093] The conductor device 16 is a porous structure 34 made of a metallic, electrically conductive material. The porous structure is, in particular, a metal foam 36, for example, an aluminum foam, a copper foam, or a magnesium foam.

[0094] A permeability number, in particular a magnetic permeability number, of the porous structure 34 is, for example, at most 1.0001. The porous structure 34 is, in particular, magnetically permeable.

[0095] The porous structure 34 is permeated by a plurality of pores 38. Pores 38 form hollow bodies and / or cavities within the porous structure 34. Adjacent pores 38 are separated from one another by webs 40, in particular solid webs. A web width a, i.e., a material spacing, of adjacent pores 38 is, for example, on average no more than 2 mm.

[0096] Pores 38 are at least approximately spherical hollow bodies with a pore diameter d. The pore diameter d is, on average, at least 0.1 mm and / or at most 5 mm.

[0097] The porous structure 34 is, in particular, a two-phase system formed from a solid and a gaseous phase and / or a solid and a liquid phase. In particular, the porous structure 34 is a porous solid-state structure.

[0098] Porosity is, in particular, a ratio of a void volume of the porous structure 34 to its total volume. The void volume is the volume occupied by pores 38. The total volume is the sum of the void volume and the volume of a solid, i.e., a particularly solid portion of the porous structure 34. Porosity is, in particular, a measure of the proportion of the void volume in the porous structure. The porosity is, for example, at least 60% and / or at most 98%. This means that the proportion of the void volume in the total volume of the porous structure is at least 60% and / or at most 98%.

[0099] The porous structure 34 is, in particular, open-pored. Open-pored means that pores 38 of the porous structure 34 communicate with each other and with the environment. In particular, a void volume of the porous structure 34 is determined by the sum of the pores 38 that communicate with each other and with the environment.

[0100] The porous structure 34 is, in particular, metallically electrically conductive, so that induced electrical currents are conducted. The electrical conductivity of the porous structure 34 differs in particular from the electrical conductivity of the solid material used. For example, an aluminum foam conducts electrical flux less well than a solid aluminum component. For a comparison value, a normalized electrical conductivity, the electrical conductivity of the porous structure 34 is compared to the electrical conductivity of the solid material. The normalized electrical conductivity depends, for example, on the porosity. In particular, the lower the porosity, the higher the normalized electrical conductivity.

[0101] The metallic electrically conductive solid material of the porous structure has in particular an electrical conductivity of at least 20-10 6 S / m (relative to room temperature).

[0102] The normalized electrical conductivity of the porous structure 34 is in particular at least 0.01 and / or at most 0.5.

[0103] During operation of the electrodynamic braking device 10, heat is generated by the currents induced in the conductor device 16. The generated heat can be dissipated in particular by means of a fluid flowing through the conductor device 16. For this purpose, a fluid, in particular a cooling fluid, is supplied to the induction device 12 via an opening in the housing 13 (not shown in the drawing). The fluid flows within the conductor device 16 in channels 39. Channels 39 are formed in particular by the open-pore structure 34. Channel walls 41, which delimit the channels 39, are formed in particular by the webs 40. This enables homogeneous heat distribution. The fluid can be dissipated again via a further opening in the housing 13 (not shown in the drawing).

[0104] As fluid, in particular cooling fluid, gases, in particular air, and / or liquids, in particular water, can be considered.

[0105] One parameter for designing the required cooling performance is, in particular, the specific surface area of ​​the porous structure 34. The specific surface area is a measure of the pore surface relative to a unit volume of the porous structure 34. Pore surface area is the sum of all interfaces between different phases, for example solid and gaseous and / or solid and liquid, within the porous structure 34. For good cooling performance, the specific surface area of ​​the porous structure 34 is, in particular, at least 0.2 mm 2 / mm 3 and / or a maximum of 25 mm 2 / mm 3 This means that one cubic millimeter of the porous structure 34 has a surface area of ​​at least 0.2 mm 2 and / or of a maximum of 25 mm 2In principle, the larger the specific surface area, the more heat can be dissipated.

[0106] Another aspect of cooling the induction device 12 is, in particular, the pressure loss experienced by the flowing fluid. The pressure loss can be calculated using known formulas from the porosity, the pore diameter d, and other properties of the fluid, such as viscosity, density, or flow velocity.

[0107] Furthermore, the conductor device 16 has a top side 42 and a bottom side 44 opposite the top side 42. The magnetic flux device 14 is assigned to the top side 42. Pole elements 24 of the magnetic flux device 14 are spaced at a constant distance from the top side 42 of the conductor device 16.

[0108] On the upper side 42 there is a cover plate 46 which is in particular magnetically permeable and is made of the same material as the porous structure 34, for example.

[0109] Mounting recesses 48 extend from the top side 42 to the bottom side 44. The mounting recesses 48 are arranged uniformly over the circumference of the conductor device 16. A magnetic flux conducting element 50 is arranged in each mounting recess 48 and fixed there by means of positive locking and / or frictional locking and / or material bonding.

[0110] Magnetic flux conducting elements 50 each have an extension direction which is oriented transversely and in particular perpendicularly to the direction of movement between magnetic flux device 14 and conductor device 16.

[0111] The cover plate 46 has mounting openings, in particular not shown in the drawing, through which the magnetic flux guiding elements 50 extend.

[0112] Magnetic flux guide elements 50 serve to guide the magnetic flux. Magnetic flux guide elements 50 have, in particular, a higher permeability number, in particular a magnetic permeability number, than the conductor device 16, so that the magnetic flux and an electrical flux are spatially separated from each other. This serves to minimize the skin effect and achieve a high power density.

[0113] On average, one to ten pores are arranged between magnetic flux conducting elements 50 of adjacent mounting recesses 48. Magnetic flux conducting elements 50 have, for example, a permeability number, in particular a magnetic permeability number, of at least 300. Magnetic flux conducting elements are, in particular, magnetically conductive.

[0114] The magnetic flux conducting elements 50 are laminated cores composed of a plurality of laminations. This means that a magnetic flux conducting element 50 is composed, in particular, of several vertically aligned laminations. The magnetic flux conducting elements 50 have, for example, a circular segment-shaped contour when viewed from above.

[0115] On the underside 44 of the conductor device 16 there is a magnetic yoke 52 for the return and for amplifying the magnetic field.

[0116] In order to enable an effective conclusion, magnetic flux guiding elements 50 are located, for example, on the magnetic yoke 52.

[0117] The electrodynamic braking device 10 according to the invention functions as follows:

[0118] In order to brake a component not shown in the drawing, which is in particular connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the magnetic flux device 14, a magnetic field is provided by the magnetic flux device 14. The relative movement between the magnetic flux device 12 and the conductor device 14 in a magnetic field, in particular one with a gradient, induces an electric field and thus electric currents in the conductor device 16, in particular the porous structure 34. The electric currents induced in the conductor device 16 counteract their cause in accordance with Lenz's law and thus inhibit the movement between the magnetic flux device 14 and the conductor device 16, in particular the porous structure 34. The magnetic flux generated by the magnetic field is specifically guided by the magnetic flux device 14 via the magnetic flux conducting elements 50 through the porous structure 34 and the magnetic yoke 52.This results in a spatial separation of magnetic flux and electrical flux within the conductor device 16. This serves to minimize field displacement effects, such as the skin effect, and achieve a high power density. A braking effect can be achieved by exposing the conductor device to a change in the magnetic field.

[0119] In Figures 3 and 4, a second embodiment of the electrodynamic braking device according to the invention is shown schematically and is designated there by the reference numeral 10'.

[0120] The same reference symbols are used below for identical or similar components.

[0121] The electrodynamic braking device 10' comprises an induction device 12. The induction device 12 has a magnetic flux device 14 for providing a magnetic field and a conductor device 16 which is designed such that electrical currents are induced in a variable magnetic field.

[0122] The induction device 12 is designed in a plan view so that a linear movement path is possible.

[0123] The magnetic flux device 14 and the conductor device 16 are mounted so as to be movable relative to each other on a linear movement path 18'. Relative movement occurs along the movement path 18'.

[0124] The conductor device 16 is a porous structure 34, which has already been described in connection with the first embodiment of the electrodynamic braking device 10.

[0125] The second embodiment of the electrodynamic braking device 10' further differs from the first embodiment of the electrodynamic braking device 10 in the shape and arrangement of mounting recesses 48' and magnetic flux conducting elements 50'. Mounting recesses 48' are holes, in particular bores, that extend from the top side 42 of the conductor device 16 to the bottom side 44 and form an opening. Magnetic flux conducting elements 50' are arranged in the mounting recesses 48' and are fixed there by positive locking and / or frictional locking and / or material bonding.

[0126] Magnetic flux guiding elements 50' are in particular cylindrical pins made of a magnetically conductive material, for example steel.

[0127] A cover plate 46', which also has mounting recesses 48a, is located on the upper side 42 of the conductor device 16. The mounting recesses 48a of the cover plate 46' are aligned with the mounting recesses 48' of the conductor device 16, in particular the porous structure 34.

[0128] Mounting recesses 48', 48a and magnetic flux guiding elements 50' are arranged in particular in a regular grid.

[0129] Magnetic flux guiding elements 50' extend through the mounting recesses 48', 48a and protrude, for example, beyond an upper side 54 of the cover plate 46'.

[0130] The magnetic flux device 14 in particular takes a constant distance from the end faces 51 of the magnetic flux guide elements 50', wherein the end faces 51 of the magnetic flux device 14 face

[0131] In Figures 5 and 6, a third embodiment of the electrodynamic braking device according to the invention is schematically illustrated and designated therein by the reference numeral 10". The third embodiment of the electrodynamic braking device 10" differs from the second embodiment of the electrodynamic braking device 10' in the shape and arrangement of mounting recesses 48" and magnetic flux guiding elements 50".

[0132] Mounting recesses 48" are slots that extend from the top side 42 of the conductor device 16 to the bottom side 44 and form an opening. Magnetic flux conducting elements 50" are arranged in the mounting recesses 48" and are fixed there by form fit and / or force fit and / or material fit.

[0133] Mounting recesses 48" extend, for example, at least approximately over a width of the conductor device 16.

[0134] Magnetic flux conducting elements 50" are, in particular, laminated cores made of a magnetically conductive material, for example, steel. The magnetic flux conducting elements 50" are laminated cores made of a plurality of laminations. This means that a magnetic flux conducting element 50" is, in particular, composed of several vertically aligned and adjacent laminations.

[0135] On the upper side 42 of the conductor device 16 is a cover plate 46", which also has mounting recesses 48a'. The mounting recesses 48a' of the cover plate 46" are aligned with the mounting recesses 48" of the conductor device 16, in particular the porous structure 34.

[0136] Magnetic flux conducting elements 50" extend through the mounting recesses 48", 48a' and protrude, for example, beyond an upper side 54 of the cover plate 46". The magnetic flux device 14 is at a constant distance from end faces 51 of the magnetic flux conducting elements 50", wherein the end faces 51 face the magnetic flux device 14. Figure 7 schematically illustrates a fourth embodiment of the electrodynamic braking device according to the invention and is designated there by the reference numeral 10"'.

[0137] The fourth embodiment of the electrodynamic braking device 10"' differs from the second embodiment of the electrodynamic braking device 10' in the structure of the conductor device 16. The conductor device 16 has a porous structure 34 and sheets 56 made of a metallic, electrically conductive material.

[0138] The sheets 56 are spaced apart from one another and arranged substantially parallel to one another.

[0139] A permeability number, in particular a magnetic permeability number, of the sheets 56, for example, is at most 1.0001. The sheets are in particular magnetically permeable.

[0140] The metallic electrically conductive material of the sheets has in particular an electrical conductivity of at least 20-10 6 S / m (relative to room temperature) and is, for example, a metal.

[0141] The porous structure 34 has mounting recesses 48'. The metal sheets 56 have mounting recesses 48b. Mounting recesses 48b of adjacent metal sheets 56 and mounting recesses 48' of the porous structure are aligned with each other.

[0142] A cover plate 46 is arranged on the upper side 42 of the conductor device. The cover plate 46 has mounting recesses 48a, which in turn are aligned with the mounting recesses 48', 48c of the porous structure and the metal sheets 56. Magnetic flux conducting elements 50', which are in particular cylindrical pins made of a magnetically conductive material, for example, steel, extend through mounting recesses 48', 48a, 48c. Mounting recesses 48', 48a, 48c and magnetic flux conducting elements 50' are arranged in particular in a regular grid.

[0143] Spaces 58 between adjacent sheets 56 form channels 39' through which, for example, a fluid, in particular cooling fluid, flows.

[0144] For further details regarding the arrangement of the metal sheets 56, reference is made to DE 10 2016 108 646 B4 of the same applicant. Express and full reference is made to this document. Figure 8 shows a vehicle 60, in particular a motor vehicle, with an electrodynamic braking device 10 according to the invention, which is assigned, for example, to a drive of the vehicle 60 and serves to brake the vehicle 60.

[0145] List of reference symbols d Pore diameter a Web width

[0146] 10 electrodynamic braking device

[0147] 10' electrodynamic braking device

[0148] 10" electrodynamic braking device

[0149] 10''' electrodynamic braking device

[0150] 12 Induction device

[0151] 14 Magnetic flux device

[0152] 16 Ladder device

[0153] 18 Movement path

[0154] 18' movement path

[0155] 20 axis of rotation

[0156] 22 magnets

[0157] 24 pole elements

[0158] 26 Carrier plate

[0159] 28 Wave

[0160] 29 Shaft axis

[0161] 34 porous structure

[0162] 36 metal foam

[0163] 38 pores

[0164] 39 Channel

[0165] 40 bridge

[0166] 41 Canal wall

[0167] 42 Top

[0168] 44 Bottom

[0169] 46 Cover plate

[0170] 46' cover plate

[0171] 46" cover plate

[0172] 48 Mounting recess

[0173] 48' Mounting recess " Mounting recessa Mounting recessa' Mounting recessb Mounting recess Magnetic flux guide element ' Magnetic flux guide element " Magnetic flux guide element Front side Magnetic yoke Top side Sheet metal Space Vehicle

Claims

Patent claims 1. An electrodynamic braking device with an induction device (12), wherein the induction device (12) has a magnetic flux device (14) which is configured to provide a magnetic field, and a conductor device (16), wherein the magnetic flux device (14) and the conductor device (16) are coupled in such a way that electrical currents can be induced into the conductor device (16), and wherein the conductor device (16) is assigned at least one magnetic flux conducting element (50; 50'; 50") for conducting a magnetic flux, wherein the at least one magnetic flux conducting element (50; 50'; 50") is made of a magnetically conductive material or comprises a magnetically conductive material, characterized in that the conductor device (16) is or has a porous structure (34) made of a metallically electrically conductive material.

2. Electrodynamic braking device according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnetic flux device (14) and the conductor device (16) are movable relative to one another on a movement path (18; 18'), in particular a planar movement path, wherein, starting from an initial position, a braking effect occurs with a relative movement between the magnetic flux device (14) and the conductor device (16).

3. Electrodynamic braking device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a permeability number of the porous structure (34) is less than 1.0001.

4. Electrodynamic braking device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by at least one of the following: - a porosity of the porous structure (34) is at least 0.6; - a porosity of the porous structure (34) is not more than 0.

98.

5. Electrodynamic braking device according to one of the preceding claims characterized by at least one of the following: - pores (38) of the porous structure (34) have an average pore diameter (d) of at least 0.1 mm; - Pores (38) of the porous structure (34) have an average pore diameter (d) of at most 5 mm.

6. Electrodynamic braking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a material distance (a) between adjacent pores (38) of the porous structure (34) is on average at most 2 mm.

7. Electrodynamic braking device according to one of the preceding claims characterized by at least one of the following: - the porous structure (34) is a metal foam (36) or comprises a metal foam (36), - the porous structure (34) is an aluminum foam or a copper foam or a magnesium foam or comprises an aluminum foam or a copper foam or a magnesium foam; - a normalized electrical conductivity of the porous structure (34) is at least 0.01, wherein the normalized electrical conductivity is the ratio of an electrical conductivity of the porous structure (34) to an electrical conductivity of a solid material used; - a normalized electrical conductivity of the porous structure (34) is at most 0.5, wherein the normalized electrical conductivity is the ratio of an electrical conductivity of the porous structure (34) to an electrical conductivity of a solid material used.

8. Electrodynamic braking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the porous structure (34) is open-porous.

9. Electrodynamic braking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by at least one of the following: - the conductor device (16) is designed such that a fluid, in particular a cooling fluid, can flow through it; - the conductor device (16) comprises channels (39) through which a fluid can flow, in particular channels (39) are formed by an open-pore structure; - a specific surface area of ​​the porous structure (34), in particular cooling surface, is at least 0.2 mm 2 / mm 3 , wherein the specific surface area is the ratio of a pore surface area of ​​the porous structure (34) to a unit volume of the porous structure (34); - a specific surface area of ​​the porous structure (34), in particular the cooling surface, is at most 25 mm 2 / mm 3, wherein the specific surface area is the ratio of a pore surface area of ​​the porous structure (34) to a unit volume of the porous structure (34).

10. Electrodynamic braking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the conductor device (16) comprises sheets (56) made of a metallic electrically conductive material, with at least one of the following: - Sheets (56) are spaced apart from one another and arranged substantially parallel to one another; a permeability number of the sheets (56) is less than 1.0001.

11. Electrodynamic braking device according to one of the preceding claims characterized by at least one of the following: - a permeability number of the at least one magnetic flux conducting element (50; 50'; 50") is greater than a permeability number of the conductor device (16); - a permeability number of the at least one magnetic flux conducting element (50; 50'; 50") is greater than 300; - the at least one magnetic flux guiding element (50; 50'; 50") is made of steel.

12. Electrodynamic braking device according to one of the preceding claims characterized by at least one of the following: - the conductor device (16) has at least one mounting recess (48; 48'; 48"; 48b) to which at least one magnetic flux conducting element (50; 50'; 50") is assigned; - the conductor device (16) has at least one mounting recess (48; 48'; 48"; 48b) in which at least one magnetic flux conducting element (50; 50'; 50") is arranged; - the at least one mounting recess (48; 48'; 48"; 48b) and the at least one magnetic flux conducting element (50; 50'; 50") are connected to one another by means of positive locking and / or frictional locking and / or material locking; the at least one magnetic flux conducting element (50; 50'; 50") is fixed in the at least one mounting recess (48; 48'; 48"; 48b) by means of positive locking and / or frictional locking and / or material locking.

13. Electrodynamic braking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by at least one of the following: - the conductor device (16) has a plurality of magnetic flux conducting elements (50; 50'; 50"); - magnetic flux guiding elements (50; 50'; 50") are arranged at a distance from one another; - the conductor device (16) has a plurality of mounting recesses (48; 48'; 48"; 48b), wherein at least one magnetic flux conducting element (50; 50'; 50") is assigned to each mounting recess (48; 48'; 48"; 48b); - magnetic flux guiding elements (50; 50'; 50") are arranged at least approximately parallel to one another; - magnetic flux conducting elements (50; 50'; 50") each have a direction of extension which is oriented transversely and in particular perpendicularly to a direction of movement (18; 18') between the magnetic flux device (14) and the conductor device (16); - Magnetic flux guiding elements (50; 50'; 50") are arranged in a regular grid.

14. Electrodynamic braking device according to claim 13, characterized in that on average one to ten pores (38) are arranged between magnetic flux conducting elements (50; 50'; 50") of adjacent mounting recesses (48; 48'; 48"; 48b).

15. Electrodynamic braking device according to one of claims 10 to 14 characterized by at least one of the following: - the porous structure (34) has mounting recesses (48; 48'; 48"), in particular holes and / or slots; - Sheets (56) of the conductor device (16) have mounting recesses (48b), in particular holes and / or slots, wherein mounting recesses (48b) of adjacent sheets (56) are arranged in alignment with one another, and wherein at least one magnetic flux conducting element (50; 50'; 50") extends through each of the aligned mounting recesses (48b); - Mounting recesses (48; 48'; 48") of the porous structure (34) and mounting recesses (48a) of sheets (56) are arranged in alignment with one another, wherein at least one magnetic flux conducting element (50; 50'; 50") extends through each of the aligned mounting recesses (48; 48'; 48"; 48a; 48a').

16. Electrodynamic braking device according to one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that the conductor device (16) has an upper side (42) and a lower side (44) opposite the upper side (42) with at least one of the following: - the at least one mounting recess (48; 48'; 48"; 48b) extends from the top side (42) towards the bottom side (44); - the at least one mounting recess (48; 48'; 48"; 48b) extends from the top side (42) to the bottom side (44); - the at least one magnetic flux guiding element (50; 50'; 50") extends from the top side (42) towards the bottom side (44); - the at least one magnetic flux conducting element (50; 50'; 50") extends from the upper side (42) to the lower side (44); the magnetic flux device (14) is assigned to the upper side (42), wherein the magnetic flux device (14) is at a distance, in particular a constant distance, from the upper side (42).

7. Electrodynamic braking device according to claim 16, characterized in that the upper side (42) of the conductor device (16) is assigned a magnetically permeable cover plate (46; 46'; 46") with at least one of the following: - the cover plate (46; 46'; 46") is located on the top side (42); - the cover plate (46; 46'; 46") has at least one mounting recess (48a; 48a'), wherein the at least one mounting recess (48a; 48a') of the cover plate (46; 46'; 46") is arranged in alignment with the at least one mounting recess (48; 48'; 48"; 48b) of the conductor device (16), in particular with the at least one mounting recess (48; 48'; 48"; 48b) of the porous structure (34) and / or the sheets (56); - at least one magnetic flux conducting element (50; 50'; 50") extends through aligned mounting recesses (48; 48'; 48"; 48b; 48a; 48a') from the cover plate (46; 46'; 46") in the direction of the underside (44) of the conductor device (16); - at least one magnetic flux conducting element (50; 50'; 50") extends from the cover plate (46; 46'; 46") to the underside (44) of the conductor device (16) through aligned mounting recesses (48; 48'; 48"; 48b; 48a; 48a').

18. Electrodynamic braking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the magnetic flux device (14) has at least one magnet (22) for generating a magnetic field 19. Electrodynamic braking device according to one of the preceding claims characterized by at least one of the following: - the conductor device (16) is assigned a magnetic yoke (52) made of a magnetically conductive material, in particular a soft magnetic composite or a ceramic ferrite; - the magnetic yoke (52) is associated with an underside (44) of the conductor device (16); - the magnetic yoke (52) is located on the underside (44).

20. Vehicle, in particular a rail vehicle or motor vehicle, with an electrodynamic braking device (10; 10'; 10"; 10"') according to one of claims 1 to 19.

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