883 results about "Transaxle" patented technology

The retractable tonneau cover for truck bed vehicles and similar, object of the present invention, comprises a mechanism box (100) provided with a winding stress shaft (10), and in the electric model, a drive axle (20) driven by an electric motor that enable the movement of opening and closing a retractable tonneau cover mat. The mechanism box is provided with an embodiment that improves the drainage system in order to prevent the accumulation of water inside it. In addition to the electrical model, the box (100) has a relief on its face that receives the control module with access from the outer portion, which improves accessibility and avoids the need to open the entire set, in case it needs maintenance, further having a management and activation system via Bluetooth and radio frequency.

An electrically driven axle assembly is disclosed. In various embodiments, the electrically driven axle assembly includes a main housing; a differential plate configured for mounting within the main housing; a differential assembly, the differential assembly disposed adjacent the differential plate and having a bearing configured for mounting within a plate orifice that extends within the differential plate; a first drive shaft having a first inboard end connected to the differential assembly and a first outboard end configured to receive a first wheel; a first electric machine configured to drive the differential assembly; and a first gear assembly configured to operably couple the first electric machine to the differential assembly.

This invention relates to the field of rear drive axle assembly technology, and more particularly to an assembly fixture for a wire retaining ring for a rear drive axle half-shaft. The fixture includes an assembly sleeve containing a cylindrical wire retaining ring placement groove and a cylindrical clearance groove, the latter communicating with the bottom surface of the placement groove. During assembly, the wire retaining ring is first placed in the placement groove. Then, the assembly fixture with the wire retaining ring is aligned with the half-shaft end face. Next, the second end of the assembly sleeve is pressed or struck, causing the wire retaining ring and the assembly sleeve to expand outwards by the half-shaft. Finally, after the wire retaining ring moves into the half-shaft groove, it retracts and returns to its original position. Using this assembly fixture, the wire retaining ring only needs to expand to the outer diameter of the half-shaft to complete the assembly, effectively reducing the possibility of the wire retaining ring failing to retract and return to its original position, thus improving the assembly quality stability of the wire retaining ring.

The invention discloses a posture adjustment driving mechanism and a hinged type all-terrain vehicle, the posture adjustment driving mechanism is connected with a frame, and longitudinal driving axles are arranged on the left side and the right side of the frame. The posture adjusting driving mechanism is provided with a side bridge adjusting mechanism. A lifting driving mechanism is arranged at the rear end of the side bridge adjusting mechanism and can drive the single-side longitudinal driving axle to swing up and down; a differential mechanism linkage system is arranged at the front end and comprises a differential mechanism connected with the frame, half shafts at the two ends of the differential mechanism are connected with the longitudinal drive axle through a multi-connecting-rod mechanism, the differential mechanism is provided with a decoupling mechanism, and connection between the half shaft on the single side and a differential mechanism shell can be removed. A power mechanism and a gearbox are fixed to the frame and provide walking power for the longitudinal drive axle. The longitudinal drive axle is composed of a middle axle frame, a hollow swing arm and the like, power transmission, steering control and independent height adjustment can be achieved, and the passing adaptability of complex terrains is effectively improved.

To effectively use heat generated in a transaxle for heating inside a cabin.SOLUTION: A vehicle is a four-wheel-drive vehicle based on front-wheel driving. A front-wheel transaxle includes a front-wheel motor, a reduction gear, and a differential gear, and transmits drive power of the front-wheel motor to front wheels. The front-wheel transaxle includes a disconnect mechanism. An air-conditioner uses heat (waste heat) that is generated in the front-wheel transaxle for heating inside a cabin. In a case where heating is requested (a positive determination at S10) and the disconnect mechanism is disconnected (a positive determination at S11) and if a first condition (a travel state with a heat dissipation to outside air from the front-wheel transaxle being equal to or higher than a given value) does not hold (a negative determination at S12), a control ECU requests connection of the disconnect mechanism. It is therefore possible to use the heat generated by co-rotation of the front-wheel transaxle for heating the inside of the cabin.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

According to the multi-connecting-rod type automobile suspension device, through cooperative cooperation of a multi-connecting-rod assembly, a damping support, an axle and a damping assembly, wheel vertical vibration caused by the road surface can be efficiently converted into a multi-connecting-rod swing vector, and self-adaptive damping adjustment is achieved by means of a damper and air cylinder composite structure in the damping assembly; impact can be effectively buffered in the compression stroke, springback can be restrained in the stretching stroke, it is ensured that tires continuously grip the ground, meanwhile, sound insulation materials are additionally arranged at the ends of the dampers, running noise is effectively reduced, impact energy in the vertical direction is further absorbed by integrating multiple sets of spiral springs through a drive axle, rigid transmission to an automobile main frame is reduced, and the service life of the automobile is prolonged. The whole structure is high in rigidity and reasonable in spatial arrangement, and has good vibration absorption performance, reliability and comfort, and the driving smoothness, the control stability and the noise vibration comfort of a vehicle are remarkably improved.

The utility model discloses a planet multiple steering mechanism which comprises a gearbox body provided with an output shaft, a planet carrier and a planet wheel, an inner gear ring and an outer gear ring are arranged on the outer wall of the gearbox body, and the inner gear ring and the outer gear ring drive the output shaft to rotate and output torque. A first wet clutch bag capable of locking the planet carrier and the output shaft and a second wet clutch bag capable of fixing the planet carrier are arranged in the gearbox body. The rear end of the gearbox body is provided with a lubricating oil port used for injecting oil into the first wet clutch pack and the second wet clutch pack, a first high-pressure oil hole used for injecting oil into the first piston corresponding to the first wet clutch pack and a second high-pressure oil hole used for injecting oil into the second piston corresponding to the second wet clutch pack. The driving method comprises a two-drive mode, a non-multiple four-drive mode and a multiple four-drive mode and can be used for a tractor gearbox and a tractor steering drive axle, front wheel multiple is provided when a tractor steers, and small-radius steering is achieved.

The invention provides an axle heat dissipation system of a distributed electric drive chassis and a control method, and belongs to the technical field of heavy new energy automobiles. The number of the heat dissipation modules corresponds to that of the drive axles, and each heat dissipation module comprises a heat dissipation device, a heat dissipation fan, an electronic water pump, a temperature sensor and a heat dissipation controller; each heat dissipation module is independently arranged on the outer side, close to the corresponding drive axle, of the frame, and the air outlet direction of each heat dissipation module is the side direction of the frame; a water outlet of the radiator, the electronic water pump, a cooling flow channel of the motor controller, a cooling flow channel of the driving motor and a water inlet of the radiator are sequentially communicated in series through a connecting pipeline to form an independent cooling circulation loop; the heat dissipation controller of each heat dissipation module is connected with the temperature sensor and the heat dissipation fan and used for adjusting the rotating speed of the heat dissipation fan according to temperature signals collected by the temperature sensor. The distributed heat dissipation modules are adopted and independently serve all the drive axles, and space arrangement is optimized.

The invention relates to the technical field of central differential adjustment, in particular to a torque distribution optimization-based central differential dynamic adjustment method, which comprises the following steps of: predicting a driving state based on a vehicle dynamics model and generating a feedforward torque distribution reference instruction; monitoring the rotating speed difference of front and rear drive axles in real time and generating a feedback torque correction instruction; the feedforward instruction and the feedback instruction are superposed to generate a total torque distribution instruction, and a central differential mechanism is controlled to execute inter-axle torque distribution; when it is detected that an individual wheel slips, the control system cooperates with an electronic stability program controller to work, and a total torque distribution instruction is dynamically adjusted by interacting a cooperation request and braking state information so as to achieve accurate distribution of driving torque to the best attached wheel; and meanwhile, the temperature of the multiple clutches is monitored in real time, predictive thermal management control or system protection strategies are executed in a graded mode according to temperature threshold values, and the reliability and durability of system work are ensured.

The invention provides an ECVT variable speed power system which comprises an engine, a generator, a power battery pack, a motor and a drive axle assembly, the generator is electrically connected with the power battery pack, and the power battery pack is electrically connected with the motor; a first shaft is arranged at the output end of the engine, the first shaft is in transmission connection with an input shaft of the generator, and an intervention clutch is arranged on the first shaft. A second shaft is arranged at the output end of the motor, a planet wheel mechanism is arranged on the second shaft, a sun wheel of the planet wheel mechanism is in transmission connection with the second shaft, a gear ring is in transmission connection with the driven end of the intervention clutch, and a planet carrier is in transmission connection with an input shaft of the drive axle assembly. According to the invention, the planet wheel mechanism is driven by the motor, so that stepless speed change is realized; meanwhile, switching of multiple modes of a pure electric mode, a series mode and a hybrid mode can be supported, it is guaranteed that the engine operates in an economic interval, the energy efficiency is improved, oil consumption is reduced, and the use cost is low.

The invention belongs to the technical field of process optimization control, and particularly relates to a machining process optimization control method for a supporting shaft of a drive axle of a mining truck. The problems that existing machining depends on empirical parameters, quality fluctuation is large, and traditional PID control cannot dynamically adapt to working conditions are solved. The method comprises the following steps: collecting control parameters such as cutting speed and feeding amount and corresponding supporting shaft mass fractions, and constructing a sample data set; preprocessing the data to eliminate abnormal values and complement missing values; calculating influence weights of the parameters on quality, distinguishing key and non-key parameters, and identifying sensitive intervals of the key parameters; solving an optimal parameter combination by using a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm in combination with the sensitive interval; and the optimal parameter is used as a PID set value, and the improved PID controller dynamic setting fused with the real-time quality deviation is designed. According to the method, experience dependence is replaced by data driving, the machining quality stability and consistency are improved, and the method adapts to complex working conditions.

The invention provides a double-motor electric drive axle transmission system with a power take-off output function, which belongs to the technical field of drive axle structures and comprises a first motor, a second motor and a corresponding planet row assembly. Output shafts of the first motor and the second motor are respectively connected with sun gears of respective planet rows, and planet gear input teeth and planet gear output teeth of the planet rows are respectively meshed with the sun gears and the inner gear rings; a first one-way bearing and a second one-way bearing which are opposite in rotating direction are installed on the first shaft, and a first driving gear and a third driving gear are fixed to outer rings of the first shaft respectively. A second driving gear is fixed on the second shaft, and a second driven gear is fixed on the third shaft; a first driven gear is fixed to the differential mechanism shell and meshed with the first driving gear and the second driving gear, and the third driving gear is meshed with the second driven gear. A left half shaft, a right half shaft and wheels are driven through a planetary gear shaft and a half shaft gear in the differential mechanism shell. Synchronous power take-off output of the vehicle during driving, backing up and parking is achieved, and the power utilization efficiency of the whole vehicle is improved.

The utility model belongs to the technical field of all-terrain vehicle power, and particularly relates to a hybrid all-terrain vehicle which comprises an engine. A crankshaft of an engine is connected with a generator, an engine connecting shaft gear is connected with one end of a clutch, the other end of the clutch is connected with a drive input shaft gear, the drive input shaft gear is in power connection with a drive motor, and the drive motor is meshed with the drive input shaft gear through a drive output shaft gear so as to transmit power to a front drive axle and a rear drive axle. The clutch is an embedded clutch and is embedded in a rotor of the driving motor; various driving modes such as pure electric driving, engine hybrid power and series connection range extending can be achieved, the power performance and fuel economy of the whole vehicle are improved, the maintenance cost of CVT belt replacement is saved, the reliability and transmission efficiency of a power system are improved, meanwhile, the requirements for the battery performance, the capacity, the cost and the weight are reduced, no endurance anxiety exists in field cross-country, and the power system is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. And the experience feeling is better.

According to an aspect, there is provided a mounting assembly (20) for a hair cutting appliance (10), the mounting assembly comprising: a head (22) configured to receive a cutting unit and comprising: a body (24) extending along an elongate axis (50): a driving bridge (26) configured to couple to the cutting unit and to reciprocally move relative to the body along the elongate axis to reciprocally move the cutting unit relative to the body; a primary head bearing surface (44); and a separate secondary head bearing surface (52); a counterpart (40) pivotably coupled to the head. the counterpart comprising: a primary counterpart bearing surface (46) configured to cooperate with the primary head bearing surface to permit sliding rotation of the counterpart relative to the head about a first rotational axis (60) which is parallel to the elongate axis, and configured to contact the primary head bearing surface along a contact line to limit movement of the head towards the counterpart along a second axis (30) perpendicular to the first rotational axis; and a secondary counterpart bearing surface (54) separate from the primary counterpart bearing surface and configured to cooperate with the secondary head bearing surface to permit sliding rotation of the counterpart relative to the head about the first rotational axis, and configured to bear against the secondary head bearing surface to limit movement of the head relative to the counterpart along a third axis (70) which is perpendicular to the second axis and the first rotational axis; and a driving unit (34) comprising a driving axle (36) and a socket (38), the driving axle comprising an eccentric pin (42) cooperating with the driving bridge to impart reciprocating motion to the driving bridge, and the socket being configured to cooperate with a motor (14).

The present invention belongs to the technical field of electric vehicles. Provided are a gear shifting control method and apparatus for a pure-electric commercial vehicle having dual electric drive axles. The method comprises: acquiring a total vehicle power currently required by a driver, a traveling map and data of vehicle ahead; when the total vehicle power is less than a target power threshold, the slope of an uphill / downhill in the traveling map is less than a first target slope threshold, and it is determined, on the basis of the data of the vehicle ahead, that there is no obstacle vehicle traveling in front of the host vehicle, controlling one of dual electric drive axles to shift to neutral, controlling a transmission chain between the dual electric drive axles to be disconnected, and controlling the other electric drive axle to perform driving and energy recovery; and when it is determined, on the basis of the traveling map, that there is an uphill in front of the host vehicle and the slope of the uphill is greater than a second target slope threshold, before the host vehicle travels uphill, controlling the electric drive axle that has been shifted to neutral to shift to a first target gear. The present invention can achieve the aim of reducing the energy consumption of a vehicle without affecting the power response of the vehicle.

This invention discloses a three-point tractor with full suspension and all-wheel braking system, aiming to provide a system that improves the overall driving comfort of the three-point tractor to meet higher customer demands. It includes: a steering bracket assembly mounted on a slewing bearing of the chassis; a front wheel mounting bracket rotatably mounted on the steering bracket assembly via a pin; a front wheel damping system including a front wheel shock absorber connecting the front wheel mounting bracket and the steering bracket assembly; and a rear wheel damping system including a rubber spring and a damper mounted on the chassis. The chassis is supported on the drive axle housing by the rubber spring, and the drive axle housing has a damper connection part connected to the damper via drive axle fixing bolts.

The invention relates to a lubricant shielding element (315) for a gearbox (215), the gearbox (215) comprising a housing (310) with a lubricant collection chamber (300), a lubrication chamber (305) and a component to be lubricated, wherein the component to be lubricated is arranged in the lubrication chamber (305), and wherein the lubricant shielding element (315) is configured to spatially separate the lubricant collection chamber (300) from the lubrication chamber (300), characterized in that the lubricant shielding element (315) has a through-opening (330) for fluidic connection of the lubricant collection chamber (300) with the lubrication chamber (305), wherein a bimetallic closure (340) is arranged at the through-opening (330) which is configured to release the fluidic connection when a threshold temperature is undershot.Furthermore, the invention relates to a transmission (215) for an electric drive axle (115) of a motor vehicle (100), an electric drive axle (115) for a motor vehicle (100) and a motor vehicle (100) with such an electric drive axle (115).

A reduction gear, into which power is supplied by a second electric motor, a reduction gear with a smaller diameter than the reduction gear that drives a differential gear assembly, and a countershaft form a speed reduction mechanism. This eliminates the need for a ring gear on the outside of a stepped pinion and thus prevents an increase in the outside diameter of a first housing cover on the motor side, projecting from the main body of a transaxle housing to accommodate the speed reduction mechanism. At least part of the differential gear assembly or part of the countershaft is arranged to project toward the side of the machine over an interface between the machine and the transaxle housing, which may shorten one dimension of the transaxle housing along a second axis.

The application relates to the technical field of new energy commercial vehicle chassis, and particularly discloses a vehicle with a modular hydrogen fuel cell heavy truck arrangement structure, which comprises a power system, an energy storage module system and a driving system. The power system is arranged with a flattened high-low temperature cooling integrated sub-module, a fuel cell engine and an accessory module, and an air conditioner and waste heat recovery system integrated sub-module. The energy storage system is arranged with a side-hung hydrogen bottle sub-module, a rear hydrogen bottle sub-module, a multi-in-one controller integrated sub-module, a high-voltage accessory integrated sub-module, a low-voltage accessory integrated sub-module and a power battery sub-module. The driving system adopts an electric drive axle module integrated scheme, and the electric drive axle module is integrated with a driving motor, a motor controller, a transmission and a drive axle. The functions and structures of the sub-module systems are highly integrated, and the integrated and lightweight levels are high. The integrated arrangement of the modules is not restricted by market conditions, vehicle types, cab types and the like, and the universality and interchangeability levels of the components are greatly improved.

The application discloses a kind of hybrid harvester drive system and operation mode switching control method, it is related to agricultural new energy machinery technical field, the engine output end of this system is connected with transfer case, the first output end of transfer case is connected with gearbox and drive axle via ISG motor and clutch C1, and second output end is connected with operation mechanism via output PTO and clutch C2;ISG motor is connected with power battery via ISG motor controller.Electric motor and operation motor in motor assembly are connected with power battery via corresponding motor controller respectively, and electric motor drives drive axle, and operation motor independently drives operation mechanism.The application can realize pure mechanical, pure electricity, series charging and discharging and other various driving modes by the cooperation of engine and motor assembly, combined with the on-off control of clutch C1 and C2, meet the power demand under different operation scenarios, improve energy utilization efficiency, reduce energy consumption and emission, simplify transmission structure at the same time, improve system reliability.

The embodiment of the application discloses an energy-saving control method and device for an electric truck and a medium. The method comprises the following steps: determining a preset reference motor efficiency high-efficiency area based on vehicle information of the electric truck; obtaining current road condition information and accelerator pedal opening degree information, and adjusting the preset reference motor efficiency high-efficiency area based on the current road condition information and the accelerator pedal opening degree information to obtain an actual motor efficiency high-efficiency area; starting a vehicle preset economy mode when the electric truck is in a non-full load state; obtaining a current rotating speed and a current torque of the electric truck when the vehicle is running in the vehicle preset economy mode; and adjusting a driving rotating state of the electric truck based on the actual motor efficiency high-efficiency area, the current rotating speed, the current torque and a preset double-speed-ratio drive axle, so as to realize energy-saving control of the electric truck. Through the above method, the vehicle energy-saving can be realized while the power performance of the vehicle is maintained.

A hybrid electric vehicle drive axle assembly relates to the field of vehicle drive axles and comprises an engine, a motor and a main speed reducer, the main speed reducer is provided with a main speed reducing mechanism and a differential mechanism which are in transmission connection, and half shafts connected to wheels are arranged on the two sides of the differential mechanism. The main speed reducing mechanism is provided with a first input shaft in transmission connection with an engine and a second input shaft in transmission connection with a motor, the first input shaft and the second input shaft are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the main speed reducing mechanism, and the arrangement direction of the first input shaft and the arrangement direction of the second input shaft are perpendicular to the half shaft. The engine and the motor are oppositely arranged on the two sides of the main speed reducer, the engine and the motor are connected in parallel through the main speed reducing mechanism, power of the engine and the motor is converged and superposed through the main speed reducing mechanism and then evenly transmitted to the differential mechanism, and therefore the requirement for the bearing capacity of the differential mechanism is lowered; and therefore, the cost and difficulty for transforming a fuel automobile into a hybrid electric vehicle are reduced.

The counterbalance forklift truck frame structure comprises a main frame, and the main frame comprises a head portion, a middle portion and a tail portion which are integrally formed. Wherein the left side and the right side of the head part respectively extend forwards to be provided with a first connecting arm; the middle part is provided with a first containing cavity, the front side face of the first containing cavity is connected with the rear end of the head part, and the front side face of the first containing cavity is used for installing a drive axle assembly; the tail portion is provided with a second containing cavity used for installing an auxiliary balance weight and a third containing cavity used for containing a steering axle assembly, the second containing cavity is located above the third containing cavity, the second containing cavity and the third containing cavity are separated through an installation platform, and the front end of the installation platform is connected with the upper end of the rear side face of the first containing cavity. A first opening is formed in the installation platform, and a rear axle frame in the steering axle assembly penetrates through the first opening to be installed on the installation platform. In the scheme, the main frame is integrally cast and formed, welding parts and welding procedures are reduced, the cost is reduced, and the overall assembly efficiency is improved.

The invention relates to a hybrid electric vehicle. An intermediate driven gear to which power is input from the second electric motor, an intermediate drive gear having a smaller diameter than the intermediate driven gear and driving the differential gear device, and an intermediate shaft constitute a speed reduction mechanism. This eliminates the need for a ring gear on the outer side of the stepped pinion, and thus prevents an increase in the outer diameter of the first housing cover on the engine side protruding from the housing body of the drive axle housing so as to accommodate the speed reduction mechanism. At least a portion of the differential gear device or a portion of the intermediate shaft is provided to protrude toward the engine side beyond an interface between the engine and the drive axle housing, which may shorten a size of the drive axle housing in a direction of the second axis.

The application discloses a kind of vehicle drive axle protection automatic control method, device, equipment, medium and program, comprising: real-time acquisition accelerator pedal depth, if accelerator pedal depth does not reach depth threshold, start vehicle drive axle protection;If accelerator pedal depth reaches depth threshold, obtain real-time torque value;When real-time torque value is less than the desired threshold, exit protection timing is carried out, when reaching first timing threshold, close vehicle drive axle protection;In real-time torque is greater than the desired torque, protection timing is carried out, when reaching second timing threshold, start vehicle drive axle protection;Utilize the speed comparison rule to determine the driving state of target form vehicle;If for non-normal driving state, close vehicle drive axle protection.The application embodiment, the control logic of vehicle is closely combined with the driving intention of driver, by accurately distinguishing normal driving and non-normal driving state to adjust drive axle protection strategy in time, and driving performance and driving demand are considered.

The invention relates to a planetary transmission system, a speed reducer, a drive axle and a vehicle. The planetary transmission system comprises a sun gear, a planet carrier, a gear ring, a first gear, a second gear, a first inertia gear and a second inertia gear. The sun gear is in transmission connection with the planet carrier which is in transmission connection with the gear ring; the first gear is fixedly connected with at least one of the sun gear, the planet carrier and the gear ring; the first idle gear and the second idle gear are arranged on the two sides of the first gear correspondingly and engaged with the first gear. And the first idle gear and the second idle gear are respectively meshed with the second gear. According to the planetary transmission system, power is averagely distributed to the first inertia gear and the second inertia gear through the first gear and transmitted to the second gear, so that part of radial acting force of the first gear is counteracted in the transmission process, and the radial acting force borne by the sun gear, the planet carrier and the gear ring is reduced; and the meshing load between the gears is more uniform, so that the NVH performance of the planetary transmission system is improved.

The invention provides a transmission capable of suppressing damage of a housing when a vehicle collides. The transaxle is mounted on the vehicle via a mounting member that is provided on a side surface of the housing and is fastened to a fastening surface that is orthogonal to a reference surface that is a horizontal plane of the vehicle in a state in which the transaxle is attached to the vehicle. The transaxle is provided with a boss which protrudes to the side of a second housing, which constitutes the housing, with the side surface of the second housing as the base end, and which has an actuator, which is a member constituting the transaxle, fastened to the tip end thereof. In the transaxle, the long axis direction of the boss, i.e., the direction from the base end of the boss to the front end of the boss, is inclined with respect to the direction orthogonal to the fastening surface.

The utility model discloses an economical integral planet carrier for a drive axle of a 3-ton loader. The economical integral planet carrier comprises a rim mounting flange face, a wheel disk, a side cover combination face, a wheel shaft hole, a planet wheel binding face, arc-shaped weight reduction grooves and reinforcing ribs. Three arc-shaped weight reduction grooves are evenly formed in the planet wheel attaching face in the circumferential direction, the arc-shaped weight reduction grooves are in a shape with the outer portions larger than the inner portions and are evenly distributed between every two adjacent wheel shaft holes of the three wheel shaft holes, a reinforcing rib is arranged in the middle of each arc-shaped weight reduction groove, the angle between every two adjacent reinforcing ribs is 120 degrees, and the included angle between every two adjacent reinforcing ribs and the corresponding wheel shaft hole is 60 degrees. The integral planet carrier is simple and simple in structure, low in material and manufacturing cost and safe and reliable to use, and solves the problem that an existing integral planet carrier is high in material consumption and manufacturing cost due to surplus design in a small-bearing area.

1. The name of the design product: low-floor portal axle. 2. The use of the design product: for light-weight passenger car axle. 3. The design points of the design product: in shape. 4. The picture or photo that best indicates the design points: perspective view.