Irrigation system with drainage subsoil and water recycling

Abstract

A lawn irrigation system with a draining subsoil and water recycling, characterized by comprising an irrigation subsystem (5) and a multi-layered subsoil formed, from top to bottom, by a substrate layer (2); a sand layer (3); a mixed filter layer formed by a biochar layer (6), a zeolite layer (7), a gravel layer (8), and a separating geotextile (4) between them; a drainage sheet (9); and an impermeable layer (11), the impermeable layer (11) being inclined towards one or more reservoirs (12).

Description

Irrigation system with drainage subsoil and water recycling OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to an irrigation system, for example for lawns and other garden areas, that integrates a multi-layered drainage subsoil combined with an impermeable collection layer and a storage tank for reusing irrigation water. The system supports various irrigation methods (e.g., subsurface drip irrigation or surface sprinkler irrigation) using the same recycling subsoil, increasing the range of applications without compromising water efficiency. TECHNICAL SECTOR The present invention falls within the sector of current needs of life, in the subclass of agriculture, forestry, breeding, hunting, trapping and fishing, especially in horticulture, cultivation of vegetables, flowers, rice, fruits, vines, hops or algae, forestry and irrigation, specifically in the irrigation of gardens, fields, sports fields or similar, including in particular the irrigation of gardens, sports fields and green areas with water recovery and recirculation systems. STATE OF THE ART The present invention arises from observing that traditional irrigation systems have significant deficiencies that affect both water consumption and lawn health. These conventional methods result in considerable water loss, as they use a volume greater than strictly necessary, generating unnecessary and unsustainable expenditure. Furthermore, sprinkler irrigation wets areas that do not require water, promoting fungal growth, soil erosion, and weed proliferation. On the other hand, conventional methods present losses due to runoff or evaporation and irrigation in unwanted areas, while subsurface drip systems, although they improve efficiency, do not solve the recovery of the surplus. In this context, the proposal combines a draining subsoil, an impermeable layer and a reservoir designed to capture and return water to irrigation, configuring a more efficient and sustainable system. At the same time, some areas of the garden don't receive enough water, causing the lawn to dry out and become uneven, detracting from its overall appearance. These problems are especially noticeable in large or irregularly shaped gardens, where water distribution is uneven. Accordingly, the present invention proposes an irrigation system with a draining subsoil and water recycling that incorporates filter layers and precise control of the supply from an accumulation tank, guaranteeing an efficient, uniform and sustainable distribution of the water resource. Currently, there is no known existence of any irrigation system with draining subsoil and water recycling that presents structural and constitutive technical characteristics equal or similar to those described in this descriptive report, as claimed. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is the creation of an irrigation system with a draining subsoil and water recycling that provides a notable innovation within its field of application in the current state of the art, the characterizing details that make it possible being conveniently included in the final claims that accompany this description. The invention relates to an irrigation system with a draining subsoil and water recycling. It has an irrigation subsystem that is preferably configurable in two alternative or coexisting ways: - Underground drip irrigation with self-compensating and anti-siphon emitters at a depth of 3-5 cm. -Surface spraying (diffusers / sprinklers) taking advantage of the draining subsoil to capture the excess and return it to the reservoir. The invention comprises a multi-layered subsoil arranged from top to bottom: a) Substrate / topsoil / compost (>5 cm) . b) Sand (3-5 cm) . c) Washed sand bed (1-2 cm; granulometry 2-4 mm) for protection of the irrigation network. d) Mixed filter layer, consisting of a layer of 4-10 mm particulate biochar, a layer of 2-5 mm zeolite, and a layer of 6-12 mm gravel. An intermediate separating geotextile is placed between each layer, and preferably a separating layer at each end. e) Nodular drainage sheet with geotextile. f) Lower waterproof layer, which, for example, may consist of: - HDPE sheet (>1.0-1.5mm), or - EPDM sheet (>1.2 mm). Both options are completely waterproof and collect groundwater. A nodular drainage membrane with geotextile (like the perforated brown version) is placed over this layer. This acts as reinforcement, protecting the waterproof layer and improving lateral water flow towards the collection point, without replacing the geomembrane's watertight function. The waterproof layer will be sloped to divert the water to one or more outlets or drainage points, from where it can be directed to one or more storage tanks. g) Geotextile bedding (>300 g / m2) under the waterproof layer to prevent soil puncture. h) Regularized and compacted land. The combination of a waterproof geomembrane and a drainage sheet enhances the system's durability, ensures watertightness, and improves water flow to the storage tank, typically by gravity. This underground tank is equipped with a pump, timer, and a float-operated self-filling system with a non-return valve. Each drainage outlet can be fitted with an interchangeable filter containing biochar and zeolite. In low-lying areas, auxiliary drainage tanks with automatic submersible pumps can be installed. This invention solves the problems associated with traditional irrigation systems, ensuring uniform water distribution and preventing waste, irrigation in unwanted areas, and lack of coverage in critical areas. Through precise supply control and optimized design, the system efficiently maintains adequate moisture, ensuring that all areas of the lawn receive the necessary amount of water. This innovation offers significant practical benefits, allowing for considerable water savings and reducing the risks of plant deterioration, such as lawns, due to over- or under-watering. Furthermore, it facilitates garden maintenance, improves aesthetic uniformity and contributes to a more sustainable use of water resources, ensuring efficient and reliable care in large or irregularly shaped gardens. To use the irrigation system with draining subsoil and water recycling, the user must ensure that the multi-layer subsoil is correctly installed on the ground and connected to the storage tank. Next, you will need to activate the pump and adjust the irrigation pressure according to the needs of the plants, allowing the water to be distributed in a controlled manner through the irrigation network and to gradually filter through the different layers of the subsoil. The user will observe that the water is retained, directed to the required areas, and the excess is recovered, preventing the irrigation of unnecessary areas and ensuring uniform coverage of the land. In addition, you should periodically check the tank and filters to maintain water quality and ensure the proper functioning of the system, guaranteeing efficient, sustainable and continuous irrigation over time. EXPLANATION OF THE FIGURES To complete the description being made and in order to help in the better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, this descriptive report is accompanied, as an integral part thereof, by a figure in which, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, the following has been represented. Figure 1 illustrates a schematic section of the irrigation system with draining subsoil and water recycling. PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION. The irrigation system with a draining subsoil and water recycling comprises a multi-layered subsoil with a lower impermeable layer (10), generally made of HDPE or EPDM, laid on the ground (11), and a nodular drainage sheet (9) with geotextile laid over said impermeable layer (10), configured together to collect, channel, and convey water to a storage tank (12) for reuse. The invention also includes an irrigation subsystem (5) or water distribution system that can operate by subsurface drip irrigation or surface irrigation, for example, by sprinkler irrigation, with the assembly configured to recycle up to 80% of the water used for irrigation. To achieve this, the impermeable layer (10) is sloped to direct the water towards the tank (12). The subsoil is located beneath a top layer (1) containing plants, such as turf, and comprises a substrate layer (2) or topsoil and a sand layer (3), typically 5-10 cm thick. Beneath the sand is a mixed filter layer consisting of a biochar layer (6), a zeolite layer (7), and a gravel layer (8). A separating geotextile (4) is placed between the layers of the mixed filter layer. Ideally, it is also placed above and below. When the water distribution subsystem is underground, it will be placed above the mixed filter layer and, if applicable, above the separating geotextile (4). The drainage sheet (9) acts as mechanical protection and a means of conducting water, keeping intact the impermeability provided by the HDPE or EPDM layer. In a preferred manner, the invention is applicable to turf, which implies the presence of a top layer (1) of turf arranged by means of sod or direct seeding, guaranteeing a continuous and adequate plant cover for natural absorption and transpiration. The sand layer (3) is intended to maintain moisture and facilitate intermediate drainage of the assembly. Preferably, the irrigation subsystem (5), when underground, includes an irrigation network consisting of at least one polyethylene drip tube with integrated emitters, arranged to allow homogeneous distribution of water in the root zone. The biochar layer (6) made up of activated vegetable carbon, at least 3 cm thick and colonized with beneficial microbiota, intended to improve water retention and the biological quality of the substrate. The granulated zeolite layer (7) has a high cation exchange capacity, which contributes to the retention of nutrients and the purification of the water circulating through the system. The gravel layer (8) is a drainage medium that facilitates the evacuation and conduction of water towards the impermeable layer (10). Alternatively, the waterproof layer (10) determines the base layer and is made of a high-density plastic material such as polyethylene (HDPE) or a flexible material capable of adapting to irregularities in the terrain, such as EPDM rubber, configured to collect water and direct it to an accumulation tank. The tank is equipped with a pump configured to provide the necessary pressure during irrigation, including drip or controlled sprinkler modes. In another preferred option, the tank incorporates an interchangeable zeolite filter in its drain opening to facilitate maintenance and guarantee the quality of the reused water, thus ensuring continuous, efficient and sustainable operation of the system. Having sufficiently described the nature of the present invention, as well as the manner of putting it into practice, it is not considered necessary to make its explanation more extensive so that any expert in the field may understand its scope and the advantages that derive from it, it being noted that, within its essentiality, it may be put into practice in other modes of embodiment that differ in detail from the one indicated as an example, and which will also achieve the protection sought provided that its fundamental principle is not altered, changed or modified.

Claims

1. A lawn irrigation system with a draining subsoil and water recycling, characterized by comprising an irrigation subsystem (5) and a multi-layered subsoil formed, from top to bottom, by a substrate layer (2); a sand layer (3); a mixed filter layer formed by a biochar layer (6), a zeolite layer (7), a gravel layer (8), and a separating geotextile (4) between them; a drainage sheet (9); and an impermeable layer (11), the impermeable layer (11) being inclined towards one or more reservoirs (12).

2. A lawn irrigation system with a draining subsoil and water recycling, according to claim 1, characterized in that the irrigation subsystem (5) is a subsurface drip system and is arranged beneath the sand layer (3).

3. A lawn irrigation system with a draining subsoil and water recycling, according to claim 1, characterized in that the irrigation subsystem (5) is a sprinkler system. 4.Lawn irrigation system with drainage subsoil and water recycling, according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixed filter layer has a separating geotextile at one or both ends.

5. Lawn irrigation system with drainage subsoil and water recycling, according to claim 1, characterized in that the tank (12) includes an interchangeable zeolite filter in its drainage inlet.