3D printing procedure for the production of an eyeglass lens

Abstract

Procedure for the production of a spectacle lens, the procedure comprising the following steps:- i. provide a coated substrate, the substrate being optionally occupied with a peelable adhesive layer and the substrate coating being selected from the group consisting of at least one hard varnish layer, at least one anti-reflective layer, at least one electrically conductive or semiconducting layer, at least one anti-fog layer and / or at least one Clean Coat layer, ii. provide a three-dimensional model of the eyeglass lens, iii. digitally slice the three-dimensional model from stage ii. into individual two-dimensional layers, iv. provide at least one 3D printing ink, v. construct the spectacle lens from the sum of the individual two-dimensional layers of stage iii. by means of an impression operation on the substrate, vi. hardening the spectacle glass, the hardening being able to take place after the application of individual volume elements or after the application of a layer of volume elements in each case completely or partially, and the partial hardening being able to be completed after the end of the printing process, vii. optionally mill and / or grind and / or turn and / or polish the surface of the spectacle lens obtained in step vi., which does not border the substrate, viii. detach the spectacle lens obtained in step vii. along with the substrate coating, ix. optionally coating the surface of the spectacle lens facing away from the substrate, x. Optionally shape the edge of the eyeglass lens obtained in step ix.

Description

3D printing procedure for the production of an eyeglass lens The present invention relates to a 3D printing process for the production of an eyeglass lens. Eyeglass lenses are classified as either non-dioptric or corrective lenses, i.e., lenses with a dioptric effect. According to DIN EN ISO 13666, the dioptric effect is the generic term for the focusing and prismatic effect of an eyeglass lens. In corrective eyeglass lenses, a distinction is made between single-vision and multifocal lenses. A single-vision lens has only one dioptric effect. A multifocal lens has two or more different zones with varying dioptric effects. The shape of the front and / or back surface of an eyeglass lens, in order to achieve the desired optical correction, is decisively determined by the material from which it is manufactured. In this respect, the most important parameter is the refractive index of the material used. While in the past eyeglass lenses were primarily produced from mineral crystals, particularly crown glass (Abbe number > 55) and flint glass (Abbe number < 50), they can now be made from a wide variety of organic materials. The refractive index of mineral crystals suitable for eyeglass lenses can be higher than the refractive index of organic materials that can be used for eyeglass lenses.Mineral-based eyeglass lenses are characterized by their high scratch resistance and good chemical resistance. In contrast, organic-based eyeglass lenses are characterized by their lower specific weight and high breakage resistance. Mineral crystal-based eyeglass lenses are typically produced by abrasive machining of a blank spectacle glass. In a blank spectacle glass, neither the front nor the back surface corresponds to the final, optically effective target surfaces. The optical surface of an eyeglass lens intended for object-side mounting is called the front surface, and the optical surface intended for eye-side mounting is called the back surface. The surface in between, which either directly forms an edge or indirectly borders the front surface on one end and the back surface on the other, is called the cylindrical edge surface.The terms front surface, back surface, and cylindrical edge surface, defined above, are used hereafter analogously for semi-finished spectacle glass products and finished spectacle glass products. Spectacles made from organic materials are molded, for example, as semi-finished spectacle glass products with spherical, rotationally symmetric, or progressive front surfaces in mass production into primitive shapes using front and back surface mold trays, which are separated from each other by an annular joint forming a hollow space, as described, for example, in document JP 2008191186 A. The back surface of a semi-finished spectacle glass product thus produced can be machined, for example, abrasively, to obtain a finished spectacle glass product. Semi-finished spectacle glass products, also called semi-processed products, are raw pieces of spectacle glass whose front or back surface already corresponds to the final, optically effective target surface. Finished spectacle glass products, also called finished products or spectacle lenses, are spectacle lenses whose front and back surfaces already constitute the final, optically effective target surface. Finished spectacle glass products can be molded, for example, in primitive shapes using front and back surface molding trays separated by an annular joint, forming a hollow space, or they can be manufactured using an X-ray process.Products made from eyeglass crystal are also generally shaped at the edge, that is, they are brought by edge machining to the size and shape adapted to the final eyeglass frame. WO 2016 / 003275 A1 discloses a method for printing a three-dimensional lens structure using a substrate with a defined surface. The substrate surface may be coated with an intermediate layer of a liquid thermosetting or UV-curable polymer, enabling a perfect fit of the applied fragments from the printing process. Two lens elements can be assembled by joining their flat surfaces opposite the substrate. At least one functional layer, such as a filter or an electrically conductive polymer, can then be placed between the two lens elements. WO 2016 / 003275 A1 does not mention spectacle lenses. US patent 2006 / 0065989 A1 discloses a process for producing a lens, in which a hard varnish layer, an antireflective coating, or an antireflective and a hard varnish coating is first applied to a casting mold surface before the mold is filled with a liquid monomeric mixture. After the monomeric mixture hardens, the coated lens is removed from one side of the casting mold. US patent 2011 / 0228214 A1 discloses a spectacle lens with an anti-reflective coating, which under both natural daylight spectrum and lighting spectrum that differs from natural daylight spectrum generates a residual reflection that has a color-neutral appearance. WO 2016 / 094706 A1 discloses a liquid curable nanocomposite for the additive production of lenses, the nanocomposite comprising one or more crosslinkable monomers or oligomers, a photoinitiator, and nanoparticles. The nanocomposite comprises approximately 70 to 98% by weight, 75 to 95% by weight, 80 to 95% by weight, 80 to 90% by weight, or 82 to 97% by weight, relative to the total weight of the curable nanocomposite, of crosslinkable monomers. The nanocomposite contains approximately 70 to 98% by weight, 75 to 95% by weight, 80 to 95% by weight, 80 to 90% by weight, or 82 to 97% by weight, relative to the total weight of the curable nanocomposite, of monoacrylates. The nanocomposite contains approximately 30 to 60% by weight, approximately 35 to 50% by weight, or approximately 35 to 45% by weight of monoacrylates.The nanocomposite contains diacrylates and triacrylates in a total amount of approximately 10 to 50% by weight, approximately 15 to 45% by weight, or approximately 20 to 40% by weight. The nanocomposite contains both crosslinkable monomers and oligomers in a percentage of more than approximately 70% by weight, preferably more than approximately 75% by weight, for example, approximately 75 to 99% by weight, approximately 75 to 95% by weight, or approximately 80 to 90% by weight. Document US 2016 / 01114542 discloses a 3D printing procedure for the production of a spectacle lens. The objective of the present invention was to provide a procedure that enables the on-site production of a spectacle lens. This objective was achieved by providing a procedure for the production of a spectacle lens, the procedure comprising the following steps: i. provide a printable coated substrate, the substrate being optionally occupied with a peelable adhesive layer and the substrate coating being selected from the group consisting of at least one hard varnish layer, at least one anti-reflective layer, at least one electrically conductive or semiconducting layer, at least one anti-fog layer and / or at least one Clean Coat layer, ii. provide a three-dimensional model of the eyeglass lens, iii. digitally slice the three-dimensional model from stage ii. into individual two-dimensional layers, iv. provide at least one 3D printing ink, construct the eyeglass lens from the sum of the individual two-dimensional layers of stage iii. by means of a printing operation on the substrate, v. hardening the glass of eyeglasses, the hardening being able to take place after the application of individual volume elements or after the application of a layer of volume elements in each case completely or partially, and the partial hardening being able to be completed after the end of the printing process, vi. optionally mill and / or grind and / or turn and / or polish the surface of the spectacle lens obtained in step vi., which does not border the substrate, vii. detach the spectacle lens obtained in step vii. along with the substrate coating, viii. Optionally coat the surface of the spectacle lens facing away from the substrate, optionally shape the edge of the spectacle lens obtained in step ix. Preferred improvements are indicated in the dependent claims. The present invention relates exclusively to eyeglass lenses, not to contact lenses. The construction of a spectacle lens according to the invention is carried out by means of a 3D printing process by printing a pre-coated substrate. In this respect, the pre-coated substrate defines the surface topography of that surface of the spectacle lens that borders the pre-coated substrate. The surface of the spectacle lens opposite this surface can be constructed in a targeted manner by means of a 3D printing process. In the case of the 3D printing process, it is an additive manufacturing process in which the desired surface topography of one of the spectacle lens surfaces is produced exclusively by the application of material.The three-dimensional shape of the spectacle lens to be printed, which can also take into account individually adapted aspects such as diameter, radius of curvature, or individual prescription values, such as a progressive surface with a predetermined progression value and the evolution of the progression channel, is first digitally sliced ​​into horizontal, two-dimensional layers. Information about the individual two-dimensional layers, which are to be printed one on top of the other, is then provided to the 3D printer, which constructs the spectacle lens by combining these individual layers.A layer to be printed comprises the juxtaposed arrangement of volume elements—that is, the juxtaposed arrangement of 3D printing ink after its emission from a print head suitable for 3D printing onto a surface. The dimensions of the volume elements depend, among other factors, on the diameter of the print head nozzles. The smallest possible volume element corresponds to the volume of a drop of 3D printing ink. Several layers of volume elements can be arranged side by side, i.e., printed one on top of the other. The surface area and the number of layers to be printed on top of each other depend on the desired dimensions of the eyeglass lens to be printed. The hardening of the individual layers can take place in stages, preferably using UV light, until the radiation-hardening component is completely cured.Alternatively, after printing each layer, incomplete hardening can take place, and after printing all layers, definitive hardening, in each case preferably by means of UV light. The 3D printer comprises at least one print head, which, according to the known on-demand drop-in method of inkjet printing, generates volume elements via a piezoelectric element and places each volume element precisely where it is needed. The at least one print head can move across the pre-coated substrate, and / or the pre-coated substrate can move beneath the at least one print head. Preferably, the multi-jet or Polyjet modeling method is used as the 3D printing process. Examples of print heads that can be used include, for example, the Xaar 1001 print head (Xaar), one of the Spectra S-Class, Spectra SE3, Spectra SX3, or Spectra Q-Class print heads (Spectra), the KM512 print head (Konica Minolta), and / or the 256Jet S4 print head (Trident).The printhead resolution is preferably at least 300 x 300 dpi, more preferably at least 600 x 600 dpi, and especially preferentially at least 1200 x 1200 dpi. Preferably, at least one UV light source is located on at least one side of the printhead, and especially preferentially on at least two sides. Alternatively, several printheads can be installed and selectively controlled in parallel on a 3D printer. The UV light source can then consist of several UV light sources connected in parallel or a few large UV light sources. Eyeglass lenses produced using a 3D printing process may require at least one additional mechanical machining step, such as polishing. Preferably, eyeglass lenses produced using a 3D printing process do not require any additional mechanical machining steps, such as milling, grinding, turning, and / or polishing. For the layered construction of eyeglass lenses, a printing ink suitable for 3D printing is preferably used. "Layered construction" comprises the successive deposition of the 3D printing ink. This successive deposition can occur either side-by-side on a surface or vertically. For example, if an initial deposition of the 3D printing ink on a surface occurs on a previously coated substrate, an additional layer can be printed over the entire surface of the first deposition or a portion of it. Preferably, the successive deposition of the 3D printing ink first occurs side-by-side on a surface, followed by an additional successive deposition of the 3D printing ink on the layer above. The pre-coated substrate to be printed is a substrate that is optionally covered with a) a removable adhesive layer and b) the desired coating on the spectacle lens. The optional adhesive layer is applied directly to the substrate, and its adhesion can be altered by external influences such as temperature variations or irradiation. Consequently, the spectacle lens produced by 3D printing, along with the coating on the optional removable adhesive layer, can be detached from it. Alternatively, the layer directly adjacent to the substrate can be easily separated from it.Preferably, this involves a Clean Coat layer, which, after separation from the printed lens, represents the outer layer of one of the lens surfaces. This simplifies the representation of a lens already coated on one surface. It is understood that the substrate must be printed with a sequence of layers corresponding to the reverse sequence of the coating applied to the lens. Any residue left on the resulting coated lens from the optionally present removable adhesive layer can be removed via a cleaning procedure. The pre-coated substrate can be convex or concave. The surface topography of the pre-coated substrate can be selected from the group consisting of spherical, aspherical, toric, atoric, progressive, and planar. The terms "layer" and "coating" are used interchangeably within the scope of this invention. The substrate may be made, for example, of polytetrafluoroethylene, glass, or metal. In one embodiment, the substrate may have a separating layer comprising alkyltrihalogensilanes, preferably C12 to C22 alkyltrichlorosilanes, and most preferably octadecyltrichlorosilane. The pre-coated substrate is coated with at least one layer selected from the group consisting of at least one hard varnish layer, at least one anti-reflective layer, at least one electrically conductive or semiconducting layer, at least one anti-fog layer, and / or at least one clean coat. Preferably, the pre-coated substrate is coated with at least one anti-reflective layer, at least one hard varnish layer, and at least one clean coat. If the substrate comprises a hard varnish layer, it preferably comprises a composition for producing a coating with high adhesion and high scratch resistance, as described, for example, in EP 2578649 A1, in particular in EP 2578649 A1, claim 1. If the substrate comprises at least one antireflective layer, then this preferably comprises alternating discrete layers of metal oxide, metal hydroxide and / or hydrated metal oxide of or with aluminum, silicon, zirconium, titanium, yttrium, tantalum, neodymium, lanthanum, niobium and / or praseodymium. In one embodiment, the at least one antireflective coating of the spectacle lens has a total layer thickness ranging from 97 nm to 2000 nm, preferably from 112 nm to 1600 nm, more preferably from 121 nm to 1110 nm, especially preferably from 132 nm to 760 nm, and most preferably from 139 nm to 496 nm. In this regard, the antireflective coating preferably comprises a layer of metal oxide, metal hydroxide, and / or hydrated metal oxide of or with silicon, which preferably constitutes the outermost layer of the antireflective coating and is therefore applied as close as possible to the substrate. If the substrate comprises at least one electrically conductive or semiconducting layer, this layer may comprise, for example, a layer of or containing indium tin oxide ((In2O3)0.9(SnO2)0.1; ITO), fluorintin oxide (SnO2:F; FTO), aluminum zinc oxide (ZnO:Al; AZO), and / or antimony tin oxide (SnO2:Sb; ATO). Preferably, the electrically conductive or semiconducting layer comprises a layer of or containing ITO or of or containing FTO. The electrically conductive or semiconducting layer may be present as part of the antireflective layer. If the substrate comprises at least one anti-fog layer, this layer preferably comprises a silane derivative according to EP 2 664 659 A1, particularly preferably according to claim 4 of EP 2 664 659 A1. Alternatively, the anti-fog layer can also be produced according to the process described in DE 10 2015 209 794, in particular according to the process described in claim 1 of DE 102015209794. If the substrate comprises at least one Clean Coat layer, this layer preferably comprises a material with oleophobic and hydrophobic properties, as disclosed, for example, in EP 1392 613 A1, on which water assumes a contact angle of more than 90°, preferably more than 100°, and especially preferably more than 110°. The Clean Coat layer preferably comprises a fluoroorganic layer covalently bonded to the substrate according to DE 198 48 591 A1, claim 1, or a perfluoropolyether-based layer. The substrate coating can be carried out by means of a PVD process and / or a spin coating process; the coating with at least one antireflective layer is preferably carried out by means of a PVD process. Preferably, the sequence of layers present on the substrate, starting from the substrate, is as follows: a) optionally a removable adhesive layer, b) at least one Clean Coat layer and / or at least one anti-fog layer c) at least one anti-reflective coating, d) optionally at least one electrically conductive or semiconducting layer, e) at least one layer of hard varnish. The surface of the spectacle lens not facing the substrate can also be covered with the layers described above. In this case, starting from the surface of the spectacle lens opposite the substrate, the following sequence of layers is preferred: a) at least one layer of hard varnish, b) optionally at least one electrically conductive or semiconducting layer, c) at least one anti-reflective coating, d) optionally at least one Clean Coat layer and / or at least one anti-fog layer. The 3D printing ink that can be used for printing eyeglass lenses comprises at least one radiation-hardening component, optionally at least one coloring agent, optionally at least one UV initiator, optionally at least one solvent, and optionally at least one additive. The radiation-curable component, preferably a UV-curable component, preferably comprises (meth) acrylate monomers, epoxy monomers, vinyl monomers, and allyl monomers, most preferably (meth) acrylate monomers. The (meth) acrylate monomers may preferably be monofunctional, difunctional, trifunctional, and / or tetrafunctional. The epoxy monomers may preferably be monofunctional, difunctional, trifunctional, and / or tetrafunctional. The vinyl and allyl monomers may preferably be monofunctional, difunctional, trifunctional, and / or tetrafunctional. In one embodiment, the (meth) acrylate monomers, epoxy monomers, vinyl monomers, and monofunctional allyl monomers that can be used as a radiation-curable component, preferably a UV-curable component, preferably have a viscosity in the range of 0.5 mPas to 30.0 mPas, especially preferably in the range of 1.0 mPas to 25.0 mPas, and most especially preferably in the range of 1.5 mPas to 20.0 mPas. In one embodiment, the (meth) acrylate monomers, epoxy monomers, vinyl monomers, and difunctional allyl monomers that can be used as a radiation-curable component, preferably a UV-curable component, preferably have a viscosity in the range of 1.5 mPas to 17.0 mPas, especially preferably in the range of 2.5 mPa s to 14.0 mPa s, and most especially preferably in the range of 3.0 mPas to 11.0 mPas. In one embodiment, the (meth) acrylate monomers, epoxy monomers, vinyl monomers, and trifunctional allyl monomers that can be used as a radiation-curable component, preferably a UV-curable component, preferably have a viscosity in the range of 20.0 mPas to 110.0 mPas, especially preferably in the range of 22.0 mPas to 90.0 mPas, and most especially preferably in the range of 24.0 mPas to 83.0 mPas. In one embodiment, the (meth) acrylate monomers, epoxy monomers, vinyl monomers, and tetrafunctional allyl monomers that can be used as a radiation-curable component, preferably a UV-curable component, preferably have a viscosity in the range of 60.0 mPa s to 600.0 mPas, especially preferably in the range of 70.0 mPas to 460.0 mPas, and most especially preferably in the range of 80.0 mPas to 270.0 mPas. The viscosity of (met) acrylate monomers, epoxy monomers, vinyl monomers and allyl monomers is measured in each case preferably with a Malvern C-VOR 150 rheometer with the specification of an angular velocity of 5.2 rad / s at 25°C. The respective (meth) acrylate monomers, epoxy monomers, vinyl monomers and allyl monomers can be adjusted in each case, for example, by adding at least one solvent to the desired viscosity. The viscosity of 3D printing ink can be adjusted, for example, by mixing different (meth) acrylate monomers, epoxy monomers, vinyl monomers, and / or allyl monomers; for example, by mixing monofunctional (meth) acrylate monomers, epoxy monomers, vinyl monomers, and / or allyl monomers and difunctional (meth) acrylate monomers, epoxy monomers, vinyl monomers, and / or allyl monomers; and / or trifunctional (meth) acrylate monomers, epoxy monomers, vinyl monomers, and / or allyl monomers. Alternatively or in addition to mixing different (meth) acrylate monomers, epoxy monomers, vinyl monomers, and / or allyl monomers, the viscosity can be adjusted by adding at least one solvent. Monofunctional (meth)acrylate monomers can include, for example, acrylic acid (CAS No. 79-10-7), methacrylic acid (CAS No. 79-41-4), methyl acrylate (CAS No. 96-33-3), methyl methacrylate (CAS No. 80-62-6), ethyl acrylate (CAS No. 140-88-5), ethyl methacrylate (CAS No. 97-63-2), ethyl 2-ethylacrylate (CAS No. 3070-65-3), (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl) methyl methacrylate (CAS No. 7098-80-8), 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate (CAS No. CAS 48145-04 6), isobornyl acrylate (CAS No. 5888-33-5), 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate (CAS No. 45103-58-0), 4-acryloylmorpholine (CAS No. 5117-12-4), dodecyl acrylate (CAS No. 2156-97-0), Isodecyl Acrylate (CAS No. 1330 61-6), Decyl Acrylate (CAS No. 2156-96-9), n-Octyl Acrylate (CAS No. 2499-59-4), Isooctyl Acrylate (CAS No. 29590-42-9), octadecyl acrylate (CAS No. 4813-57-4), tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate (CAS No. 2399-48-6), 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl acrylate (CAS No. 7328-17-8),4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate (CAS No. 84100-23-2), methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) monoacrylate (CAS No. 32171-39-4), phenoxypolyethylene glycol acrylate (CAS No. 56641-05-5), mono-2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl succinate (CAS No. 50940-49-3), allyl methacrylate (CAS No. 96-05-9) or mixtures thereof. Preferably, the monomers of (meth)acrylate are acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, or mixtures thereof; methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, or mixtures thereof are especially preferred. Difunctional (meth)acrylate monomers can be used, for example, ethylene glycol diacrylate (CAS No. 2274-11-5), diethylene glycol diacrylate (CAS No. 2274-11-5), triethylene glycol diacrylate (CAS No. 1680-21-3), tetraethylene glycol diacrylate (CAS No. 17831-71-9), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (CAS No. 97-90-5), diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (CAS No. 2358-84-1), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (CAS No. 109-16-0), tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate (CAS No. 109-17-1) , polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate 200 (CAS No. 25852-47-2) , dipropylene glycol diacrylate (CAS No. 57472-68-1) , tripropylene glycol diacrylate (CAS No. 42978-66-5) , 1,3-butanediol diacrylate (CAS No. 19485-03-1) 3-butanediol (no. CAS 1189-08-8) , 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate (CAS No. 2082-81-7) , 1,6-hexanediol (CAS No. 6606-59-3) or mixtures thereof. Preferably, as difunctional (meth)acrylate monomers, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate 200, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate or mixtures thereof are used; ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate or mixtures thereof are especially preferred. As trifunctional (meth) acrylate monomers, one can use, for example, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (CAS No. 3290-92-4), trimethylolpropane triacrylate (CAS No. 15625-89-5), pentaerythritol triacrylate (CAS No. 3524 68-3), pentaerythritol propoxylate triacrylate (CAS No. 145611-81-0), trimethylolpropanepropoxylate triacrylate (CAS No. 53879-54-2), trimethylolpropaneethoxylate triacrylate (CAS No. 28961-43-5) or mixtures thereof. Preferably, trifunctional (met)acrylate monomers are trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate or mixtures thereof, with trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate being especially preferable. As tetrafunctional (meth) acrylate monomers, one can use, for example, di(trimethylolpropane) tetraacrylate (CAS No. 94108-97-1), pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (CAS No. 4986-89-4), pentaerythritol tetramethacrylate (CAS No. 3253-41-6) or mixtures thereof. Preferably, as tetrafunctional (met)acrylate monomers, di(trimethylolpropane) tetraacrylate, pentaerythritol tetramethacrylate or mixtures thereof are used, especially preferably di(trimethylolpropane) tetraacrylate. As monofunctional epoxy monomers, one can use, for example, ethylglycidyl ether (CAS No. 4016-11-9), n-butylglycidyl ether (CAS No. 2426-08-6), 2-ethylhexylglycidyl ether (CAS No. 2461-15-6), C8-C10-glycidyl ether (CAS No. 68609-96-1), C12-C14-glycidyl ether (CAS No. 68609-97-2), cresylglycidyl ether (CAS No. 2210-79-9), p-tert-butylphenylglycidyl ether (CAS No. 3101-60-8), nonylphenylglycidyl ether (CAS No. 147094-54-0) , benzylglycidyl ether (CAS No. 2930-05-4), phenylglycidyl ether (CAS No. 122-60-1), bisphenol A (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) glycidyl ether (CAS No. 76002-91-0) or mixtures thereof. Preferably, as monofunctional epoxy monomers, ethylglycidyl ether, n-butylglycidyl ether, 2-ethylhexylglycidyl ether or mixtures thereof are used, especially preferably ethylglycidyl ether, n-butylglycidyl ether or mixtures thereof. Difunctional epoxy monomers that can be used include, for example, diglycidyl ether (CAS No. 2238-07-5), ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (CAS No. 2224-15-9), diethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (CAS No. 4206-61-5), propylene glycol diglycidyl ether (CAS No. 16096-30-3), dipropylene glycol diglycidyl ether (CAS No. 41638-13-5), 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (CAS No. 2425-79-8), 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol diglycidyl ether (CAS No. 14228-73-0), and diglycidyl ether of neopentyl glycol (CAS No. 17557-23-2), polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether (400) (CAS 26142-30-3), 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether (CAS No. 16096-3.-4), bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (CAS No. CAS 1675-54-3) resorcinol ether (CAS No. 101-90-6) or mixtures thereof in 3D printing ink according to the invention. Preferably, difunctional epoxy monomers used are diglycidyl ether, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, diethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether (400) or mixtures thereof, most preferably ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, diethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether or mixtures thereof. Examples of trifunctional epoxy monomers that can be used include trimethylolethane triglycidyl ether (CAS No. 68460-21-9), trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether (CAS No. 30499-70-8), triphenylolmethane triglycidyl ether (CAS No. 66072-38-6), tris(2,3-epoxypropyl) isocyanurate (CAS No. 2451-62-9), tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane triglycidyl ether (CAS No. 66072-38-6), 1,1,1-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane triglycidyl ether (CAS No. 87093-13-8), and glycerol triglycidyl ether (CAS No. 87093-13-8). 13236-02-7), glycerol propoxylate triglycidyl ether (CAS No. 37237-76-6), N,N-diglycidyl-4-glycidyloxyaniline (CAS No. 5026-74-4) or mixtures thereof. Preferably, trifunctional epoxy monomers used are trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, tris(2,3-epoxypropyl) isocyanurate, glycerol triglycidyl ether, glycerol propoxylate triglycidyl ether or mixtures thereof, especially preferably tris(2,3-epoxypropyl) isocyanurate, glycerol triglycidyl ether or mixtures thereof. Tetrafunctional epoxy monomers can be used, for example, pentaerythritol tetraglycidyl ether (CAS no. 3126-63-4), dipentaerythritol tetraglycidyl ether, tetraglycidylbenzylethane, sorbitol tetraglycidyl ether, tetraglycidyldiaminophenylmethane, tetraglycidylbisaminomethylcyclohexane, or mixtures thereof. Preferably, tetrafunctional epoxy monomers are pentaerythritol tetraglycidyl ether, (CAS No. 3126-63-4), dipentaerythritol tetraglycidyl ether, sorbitol tetraglycidyl ether or mixtures thereof, most preferably pentaerythritol tetraglycidyl ether, (CAS No. 3126-63-4), dipentaerythritol tetraglycidyl ether or mixtures thereof. If the radiation-hardening component of the 3D printing ink comprises monofunctional vinyl monomers, then these may comprise, for example, ethylene glycol vinyl ether (CAS no. 764-48-7), di(ethylene glycol) vinyl ether (CAS no. 929-37-3), 1-vinylcyclohexanol (CAS no. 1940-19-8), vinyl acetate (CAS no. 108-05-4), vinyl chloride (CAS no. 75-0-4), ethyl vinyl ketone (CAS no. 1629-58-9), butyl vinyl ether (CAS no. 11).- 34-2), 1,4-butanediol vinyl ether (CAS No. 17832-28-9), vinyl acrylate (CAS No. 2177-18-6), vinyl methacrylate (CAS No. 4245-37-8), isobutyl vinyl ether (CAS No. 109-53-5), vinyl pivalate (CAS No. 3377-92-2), vinyl benzoate (CAS No. 769-78-8), vinyl valerate (CAS No. 5873-43-8), 2-ethylhexyl vinyl ether (CAS No. 103-44-6), phenyl vinyl ether (CAS No. 766-94-9), tert-butylvinyl ether (CAS No. 926-02-3), cyclohexylvinyl ether (CAS no. 2182-55-0), dodecylvinyl ether (CAS no. 765-14-0), ethylvinyl ether (CAS no. 109-92-2), propylvinyl ether (CAS no. 764-47-6), 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol vinyl ether (CAS no. 11465-37-5) or mixtures thereof. Preferably, the monofunctional vinyl monomers used are ethylene glycol vinyl ether, di(ethylene glycol) vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ketone, vinyl acetate, phenyl vinyl ether, cyclohexyl vinyl ether or mixtures thereof, most preferably ethyl vinyl ketone, vinyl acetate, ethylene glycol vinyl ether or mixtures thereof. Difunctional vinyl monomers that can be used include, for example, di(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether (CAS No. 764 99-8), tri(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether (CAS No. 765-12-8), tetra(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether (CAS No. 83416-06-2), poly(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether (CAS No. 50856-26-3), tri(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether (CAS No. 765-12-8), divinylbenzene (CAS No. 1321-74-0), 1,4-butanediol divinyl ether (CAS No. 3891-33-6), and 1,6-hexanediol divinyl ether (CAS No. 83416-06-2). 19763-13 4) , divinyl ether of 1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CAS No. 17351-75-6) , 1, 4-pentadien-3-ol (CAS No. 922-65-6) or mixtures thereof. Preferably, difunctional vinyl monomers are used di(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol divinyl ether, poly(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether, divinylbenzene or mixtures thereof, especially preferably 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol divinyl ether, divinylbenzene, di(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether or mixtures thereof as a radiation-curable component in 3D printing ink. Trifunctional or tetrafunctional vinyl monomers that can be used include, for example, 1,3,5-trivinylbenzene, 1,2,4-trivinylcyclohexane (CAS No. 2855-27-8), 1,3,5-trivinyl-1,3,5-triazinan-2,4,6-trione, 1,3,5-trivinyl-1,3,5-trimethylcyclotrisiloxane (CAS No. 3901-77-7), 2,4,6-trimethyl-2,4,6-trivinylcyclotrisilazane (CAS No. 5505-72-6), 2,4,6-trivinylcyclotriboroxanopyridine complex (CAS No. 442850-89-7), tetravinylsilane (CAS No. CAS 1112-55-6), 2, 4, 6, 8-tetramethyl-2, 4, 6, 8-tetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane (CAS No. 2554-06-5) or mixtures thereof. Preferably, as trifunctional or tetrafunctional vinyl monomers, 1,3,5-trivinylbenzene, 1,2,4-trivinylcyclohexane, tetravinylsilane or mixtures thereof are used, especially preferably 1,3,5-trivinylbenzene, 1,2,4-trivinylcyclohexane or mixtures thereof. Furthermore, 3D printing ink may comprise monofunctional allyl monomers, such as, for example, allyl acetate (CAS No. 591-87-7), allyl acetoacetate (CAS No. 1118-84-9), allyl alcohol (CAS No. 107-18-6), allylbenzyl ether (CAS No. 14593-43-2), allyl butyl ether (CAS No. 3739-64-8), allyl butyrate (CAS No. 2051-78-7), allyl ethyl ether (CAS No. 557-31-3), ethylene glycol allyl ether (CAS No. 111-45-5), allyl phenyl ether (CAS No. 1746-13-0), allyl ether of trimethylolpropane (cAs no. 682-11-1), 2-allyloxyethanol (CAS no. 111-45-5), 3-allyloxy-1, 2-propanediol (CAS no. 123-34-2) or mixtures thereof. Preferably, as monofunctional allyl monomers, allyl acetate, allyl alcohol, ethylene glycol allyl ether, allyloxyethanol or mixtures thereof are used, especially preferably allyl acetate, allyl alcohol, ethylene glycol allyl ether or mixtures thereof. Difunctional allyl monomers that can be used include, for example, allyl ether (CAS No. 557-40-4), 2,2-diallylbisphenol A (CAS No. 1745-89-7), 2,2-diallylbisphenol A diacetate ether (CAS No. 1071466-61-9), trimethylolpropane diallyl ether (CAS No. 682-09-7), diallyl carbonate (CAS No. 15022-08-9), diallyl maleate (CAS No. 999-213), diallyl succinate (CAS No. 925-16-6), diallyl phthalate (CAS No. 131-17-9), and di(ethylene glycol) bis(allylcarbonate) (CAS No. 925-16-6). CAS 142-22-3) or mixtures thereof. Preferably, as difunctional allyl monomers, allyl ether, 2,2-diallylbisphenol A, diallyl carbonate, diallyl succinate, bis(allylcarbonate) of di(ethylene glycol), diallyl maleate or mixtures thereof are used, most preferably allyl ether, 2,2-diallylbisphenol A, diallyl carbonate, diethylene glycol diallylcarbonate or mixtures thereof. Trifunctional or tetrafunctional allyl monomers that can be used include, for example, 2,4,6-trialyloxy-1,3,5-triazine (CAS No. 101-37-1), 1,3,5-trialyl-1,3,5-triazin-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (CAS No. 1025-15-6), 3-(N,N,N-trialylhydrazin)propionic acid, pentaerythritol allyl ether (CAS No. 91648-24-7), 1,1,2,2-tetraallyloxyethane (CAS No. 16646-44-9), tetraallyl pyromellitate (CAS No. 13360-98-0), or mixtures of these. same. Preferably, as trifunctional or tetrafunctional allyl monomers, 2,4,6-trialyloxy-1,3,5-triazine, pentaerythritol allyl ether, 1,3,5-trialyl-1,3,5-triazin-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione or mixtures thereof are used, most preferably 2,4,6-trialyloxy-1,3,5-triazine, pentaerythritol allyl ether or mixtures thereof. According to the invention, the selection of radiation-hardenable components to be used takes place in such a way that sufficiently crosslinkable monomeric mixtures can be obtained, but which still harden rapidly. The total percentage of at least one radiation-hardening component in the 3D printing ink is preferably in the range of 11.0% to 99.5% by weight, more preferably in the range of 17% to 99% by weight, most preferably in the range of 31% to 98.5% by weight, and most especially preferably in the range of 40% to 98% by weight, in each case with respect to the total weight of the 3D printing ink. The ranges stated above are valid both for the use of exclusively monofunctional, exclusively difunctional, exclusively trifunctional, and exclusively tetrafunctional radiation-hardening components, and for the use of mixtures of radiation-hardening components selected from the group comprising monofunctional, difunctional, trifunctional, and tetrafunctional radiation-hardening components.The ranges described above are also valid for the use of (meth) acrylate monomers, epoxy monomers, vinyl monomers, or allyl monomers exclusively, as well as for mixtures thereof. For example, at least one monofunctional (meth) acrylate monomer may be found in a mixture with at least one trifunctional epoxy monomer. The total percentage of at least one type of (meth) acrylate monomer, epoxy monomer, vinyl monomer or allyl monomer is found in the 3D printing ink preferably in a range from 0.0% by weight to 60.0% by weight, more preferably in a range from 0.3% by weight to 51.0% by weight, especially preferably in a range from 1.2% by weight to 44.0% by weight and most especially preferable in a range from 1.8% by weight to 35.0% by weight, in each case with respect to the total weight of the 3D printing ink. The intervals mentioned above are valid both for the use of one type of (meth) acrylate monomer, epoxy monomer, vinyl monomer or monofunctional allyl monomer, and for the use of a mixture of different (meth) acrylate monomers, epoxy monomers, vinyl monomers or monofunctional allyl monomers.For example, at least one type of monofunctional (meth) acrylate monomer may be found in a mixture with at least one type of monofunctional allyl monomer or at least one type of monofunctional (meth) acrylate monomer with at least one type of monofunctional (meth) acrylate monomer other than itself in each case. In a preferred embodiment, the 3D printing ink does not comprise any (met) acrylate monomer, epoxy monomer, vinyl monomer, or allyl monofunctional monomer. The total percentage of at least one type of (meth) acrylate monomer, epoxy monomer, vinyl monomer or difunctional allyl monomer is found in the 3D printing ink preferably in a range from 32.0% by weight to 99.0% by weight, more preferably in a range from 39.0% by weight to 97.0% by weight, especially preferably in a range from 47.0% by weight to 95.0% by weight and most especially preferable in a range from 56.0% by weight to 93.0% by weight, in each case with respect to the total weight of the 3D printing ink. The intervals mentioned above are valid both for the use of one type of (meth) acrylate monomer, epoxy monomer, vinyl monomer or difunctional allyl monomer and for the use of a mixture of different (meth) acrylate monomers, epoxy monomers, vinyl monomers or difunctional allyl monomers.For example, at least one type of difunctional (meth) acrylate monomer may be found in a mixture with at least one type of difunctional epoxy monomer, or it may be a mixture of two different types of monofunctional (meth) acrylate monomers. The total percentage of at least one type of (meth) acrylate monomer, epoxy monomer, vinyl monomer or trifunctional allyl monomer is found in the 3D printing ink preferably in a range from 1.0% by weight to 51.0% by weight, more preferably in a range from 2.0% by weight to 43.0% by weight, especially preferably in a range from 3.0% by weight to 36.0% by weight and most especially preferable in a range from 4.0% by weight to 31.0% by weight, in each case with respect to the total weight of the 3D printing ink. The intervals mentioned above are valid both for the use of one type of (meth) acrylate monomer, epoxy monomer, vinyl monomer or trifunctional allyl monomer and for the use of a mixture of different (meth) acrylate monomers, epoxy monomers, vinyl monomers or trifunctional allyl monomers.For example, at least one type of trifunctional (meth) acrylate monomer may be found in a mixture with at least one type of trifunctional vinyl monomer or at least one type of trifunctional (meth) acrylate monomer with at least one different type of the same trifunctional (meth) acrylate monomer in each case. The total percentage of at least one type of (meth) acrylate monomer, epoxy monomer, vinyl monomer, or tetrafunctional allyl monomer in the 3D printing ink is preferably in the range of 0% to 16% by weight, more preferably in the range of 0% to 13% by weight, most preferably in the range of 0.1% to 9% by weight, and most especially preferably in the range of 0.4% to 4% by weight, in each case with respect to the total weight of the 3D printing ink. The ranges mentioned above are valid both for the use of one type of (meth) acrylate monomer, epoxy monomer, vinyl monomer, or tetrafunctional allyl monomer and for the use of a mixture of different (meth) acrylate monomers, epoxy monomers, vinyl monomers, or tetrafunctional allyl monomers.For example, at least one type of tetrafunctional (meth) acrylate monomer may be found in a mixture with at least one additional, different type of tetrafunctional (meth) acrylate monomer, or it may be a mixture of at least one type of tetrafunctional (meth) acrylate monomer with at least one type of tetrafunctional allyl monomer. In a preferred embodiment, the 3D printing ink comprises at least one monofunctional radiation-hardening component and at least one difunctional radiation-hardening component, preferably in a weight ratio of 1:1, especially preferably in a weight ratio of 1:5, and most especially preferably in a weight ratio of 1:10. In a further embodiment, the 3D printing ink comprises at least one monofunctional radiation-hardening component and at least one trifunctional radiation-hardening component, preferably in a weight ratio of 1:5, especially preferably in a weight ratio of 1:3, and most especially preferably in a weight ratio of 1:1. In a further embodiment, the 3D printing ink comprises at least one radiation-hardening difunctional component and at least one radiation-hardening trifunctional component in a weight ratio of 1:1, particularly preferably in a weight ratio of 5:1 and most particularly preferably in a weight ratio of 8:1. In a further embodiment, the 3D printing ink comprises at least one radiation-hardening difunctional component and at least one radiation-hardening tetrafunctional component in a weight ratio of 5:1, particularly preferably in a weight ratio of 10:1 and most particularly preferably in a weight ratio of 20:1. In a further embodiment, the 3D printing ink comprises at least one monofunctional radiation-hardening component and at least one difunctional radiation-hardening component and at least one trifunctional radiation-hardening component in a weight ratio of 1:5:1, particularly preferably in a weight ratio of 2:13:0.5 and most particularly preferably in a weight ratio of 2:18:0.3. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the 3D printing ink comprises as a radiation-hardening component at least one type of difunctional (met) acrylate monomer and at least one type of trifunctional (met) acrylate monomer, the viscosity of the 3D printing ink according to the invention being < 50 mPas, preferably in a range from 5 mPas to 33 mPas, more preferably in a range from 7 mPas to 27 mPas, particularly preferably in a range from 9 mPas to 23 mPas and most particularly preferably in a range from 11 mPas to 21 mPas. In a further preferred embodiment, the 3D printing ink comprises as a radiation-curable component at least one type of difunctional epoxy monomer and at least one type of trifunctional epoxy monomer, the viscosity of the 3D printing ink according to the invention being < 53 mPa s, preferably in a range from 4 mPas to 31 mPas, more preferably in a range from 6 mPas to 28 mPas, especially preferably in a range from 9 mPas to 22 mPas and most especially preferable in a range from 10 mPas to 20 mPas. In one embodiment, the 3D printing ink comprises at least one UV initiator. The 3D printing ink, according to the printing, may comprise, for example, benzophenone (CAS No. 119-61-9), 2-methylbenzophenone (CAS No. 131-58-8), 4-methylbenzophenone (CAS No. 134-84-9), 4,4-bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone (n.CAS No. 90-94-8), benzoin (CAS No. 119-53-9), benzoin methyl ether (CAS No. 3524-62-7), benzoin isopropyl ether (CAS No. 6652-28-4), 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethan-1-one (CAS No. 24650-42-8), phenylisos(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (CAS No. 162881-26-7), ethyl ester of 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphenylphosphinic acid (CAS No. 84434-11-7), 2-methyl-1-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-2-(4-morpholinyl) -1-propanone (CAS no. 71868-10-5), 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone (CAS no. 7473-98-5), 2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl)-2-(phenylmethyl)-1-outanone (CAS no. 119313-12-1), diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (CAS no. 75980-60-8), triarylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate salts (CAS no. 109037-77-6), triarylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate salts (CAS no. 109037-75-4) or mixtures thereof as a UV initiator.Preferably, the 3D printing ink according to the invention comprises benzophenone, 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethan-1-one, phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphine oxide, diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide, triarylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate salts or mixtures thereof, most preferably 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethan-1-one, phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide, diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide or mixtures thereof as a UV initiator. The 3D printing ink comprises at least one UV initiator in a total percentage ranging from preferably 0.01% by weight to 3.7% by weight, especially preferably from 0.1% by weight to 2.1% by weight, and most especially preferably from 0.3% by weight to 1.7% by weight, in each case with respect to the total weight of the 3D printing ink. In one embodiment, at least one UV initiator can be used in conjunction with a co-initiator. Co-initiators are preferably added whenever the UV initiator requires a second molecule for the formation of an active radical in the UV region. For example, benzophenone requires a second molecule, such as an amine (e.g., triethylamine, methyldiethanolamine, or triethanolamine), to generate a radical upon absorption of UV light. Optionally, at least one solvent for the 3D printing ink can be selected from the group consisting of alcohols, ketones, esters, ethers, thioethers, amides, hydrocarbons, amines, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the optional at least one solvent is selected from the group consisting of alcohols, ketones, esters, and mixtures thereof. A solvent, in the sense of this invention, can be either a single type of solvent or a mixture of solvents. Examples of alcohols that can be used as solvents are methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, or mixtures thereof. Examples of solvents that can be used as ketones are acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, diisobutyl ketone, methyl propyl ketone, diacetone alcohol, or mixtures thereof. Examples of esters that can be used as solvents are methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, i-propyl acetate, ethoxypropyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, glycol ether acetates, butyl glycol acetate, propylene glycol diacetate, ethyl lactate, or mixtures thereof. Examples of ethers that can be used as solvents are diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, ethylene glycol methyl ether, triethylene glycol butyl ether, tetraethylene glycol methyl ether, etraethylene glycol butyl ether, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, propylene glycol butyl ether, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 3-methoxy-3-methyl-1-butanol, or mixtures thereof. Examples of amides that can be used as solvents are dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, formamide, N-methylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, and 2-pyrrolidone. Examples of hydrocarbons that can be used as solvents are terpenes, such as pinene, limonene or terpinolene, aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as hexane, heptane, octane or test fuel, aromatic hydrocarbons, such as toluene or xylene. In one embodiment, the optionally at least one solvent for the 3D printing ink is selected from the group consisting of isopropanol, ethanol, butanol, diisobutyl ketone, butyl glycol, butyl glycol acetate, propylene glycol diacetate, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethyl lactate, ethoxypropyl acetate, and mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the optionally at least one solvent has a flash point of at least 61 °C. In a preferred embodiment, the percentage of at least one solvent, optionally present, in the 3D printing ink is in the range of 0% to 10% by weight, preferably in the range of 0% to 7.7% by weight, most preferably in the range of 0.1% to 6.3% by weight, and most preferably in the range of 0.1% to 5.2% by weight, in each case with respect to the total weight of the 3D printing ink. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the 3D printing ink does not comprise any solvent. The 3D printing ink preferably has a surface tension in the range of 10 mN / m to 80 mN / m, particularly preferably from 15 mN / m to 40 mN / m, and most preferably from 18 mN / m to 35 mN / m. If the surface tension is below 10 mN / m, the droplets on the printhead become too large for the intended use. If the surface tension is above 80 mN / m, well-defined droplets of the printing ink do not form on the printhead. The surface tension is preferably determined at a temperature of 25°C using the Krüss DSA 100 device and the suspended droplet method. The viscosity of the 3D printing ink is preferably in the range of 4 mPas to 56 mPas, more preferably in the range of 7 mPas to 45 mPas, especially preferably in the range of 9 mPas to 34 mPas, and most especially preferably in the range of 10 mPas to 22 mPas. The viscosity is preferably measured using a Malvern C-VOR 150 rheometer with an angular velocity specification of 5.2 rad / s at 25°C. 3D printing ink may comprise at least one coloring agent. Chromatic or achromatic colorants, soluble or dispersible in the surrounding medium, may be used as colorants. Depending on the desired effect and / or optical impression, pigments insoluble in the surrounding medium may also be used as colorants, either as an alternative or in addition to colorants. Effect pigments, such as metallic effect pigments or pearlescent pigments, as well as organic and / or inorganic pigments, are preferred. Preferably, as colorants, organic or inorganic pigments, those used in 3D printing ink are those that are also authorized in textile materials and / or food products. Organic pigments suitable for use in printing ink include, for example, nitrous, nitro, azo, xanthene, quinoline, anthraquinone, phthalocyanine, metal complex, isoindolinone, isoindoline, quinacridone, perinone, perylene, diketopyrrolopyrrole, thioindigo, dioxazine, triphenylmethane, and quinophthalone compounds. Organic colorants or pigments that can be used in 3D printing ink may include, for example, CI Dispersed Yellow 5, CI Dispersed Yellow 13, CI Dispersed Yellow 33, CI Dispersed Yellow 42, CI Dispersed Yellow 51, CI Dispersed Yellow 54, CI Dispersed Yellow 64, CI Dispersed Yellow 71, CI Dispersed Yellow 86, CI Dispersed Yellow 114, CI Dispersed Yellow 201, CI Dispersed Yellow 211, CI Dispersed Orange 30, CI Dispersed Orange 73, CI Dispersed Red 4, CI Dispersed Red 11, CI Dispersed Red 15, CI Dispersed Red 55, CI Dispersed Red 58, CI Dispersed Red 60, CI Dispersed Red 73, CI Dispersed Red 86, CI Dispersed Red 91, CI Dispersed Red 92, CI Dispersed Red 127, scattered red CI 152, scattered red CI 189, scattered red CI 229, scattered red CI 279, scattered red CI 302, scattered red CI 302:1, scattered red CI 323, scattered blue CI 27, scattered blue CI 54, scattered blue CI 56, CIdisperse blue 73, CI disperse blue 280, CI disperse violet 26, CI disperse violet 33, CI solvent yellow 179, CI solvent violet 36, CI pigment blue 15, CI pigment blue 80, CI pigment green 7, CI pigment orange 36, CI pigment orange 36, CI pigment yellow 13, CI pigment violet 23, CI pigment violet 37, CI pigment black 1, CI pigment black 6, CI pigment black 7 or mixtures thereof. Preferably, CI yellow disperse 42, CI yellow disperse 201, CI yellow solvent 179, CI orange disperse 73, CI red disperse 279, CI red disperse 302:1, CI blue disperse 56, CI violet solvent 36 or mixtures thereof are used in 3D printing ink as organic colorants or pigments. The total percentage of coloring agent in the 3D printing ink is preferably in the range of 0.0% by weight to 66.0% by weight, more preferably in the range of 0.01% by weight to 53.1% by weight, most preferably in the range of 0.1% by weight to 42.3% by weight, and most especially preferably in the range of 0.11% by weight to 27.7% by weight, in each case with respect to the total weight of the 3D printing ink. The total percentage of coloring agent comprises the percentage of all coloring agents present in the 3D printing ink, regardless of whether they are dyes, pigments, mixtures thereof, mixtures of different dyes, mixtures of different pigments, etc. The total percentage of coloring agent in the spectacle lens according to the invention is preferably in the range of 0.0% by weight to 8.0% by weight, more preferably in the range of 0.01% by weight to 8.0% by weight, more preferably in the range of 0.0% by weight to 6.0% by weight, particularly preferably in the range of 0.01% by weight to 4.0% by weight, and most particularly preferably in the range of 0.05% by weight to 2.0% by weight, in each case with respect to the total weight of the spectacle lens. The total percentage of coloring agent comprises the percentage of all coloring agents in the spectacle lens, regardless of whether they are dyes or pigments, mixtures of different dyes or mixtures of different pigments, mixtures of dyes and pigments, etc. 3D printing ink is preferably produced by mixing all components with stirring, first placing at least one coloring agent, if available, and dissolving or dispersing it first with a reduced amount of solvent and / or radiation-hardening component, and then adding the remaining components. In one embodiment, the spectacle lens according to the invention is constructed in units by means of a printing ink comprising at least one coloring agent and a 3D printing ink without a coloring agent. "In units" means the arrangement of at least one volume element, preferably a large number of volume elements, of the 3D printing ink, with the first unit arrangement of at least one volume element taking place on the coated substrate. Preferably, the unit arrangement of at least one volume element takes place in layers. The bonding of the volume elements is preferably carried out by means of UV light. In this regard, the 3D printing ink comprising the coloring agent may comprise at least one radiation-curable component, which is distinct from the radiation-curable component of the 3D printing ink without a coloring agent.Preferably, the at least one radiation-hardening component of the 3D printing ink comprising at least one colorant is selected such that it is compatible with both the colorant and the radiation-hardening component of the 3D printing ink without a colorant. Furthermore, the radiation-hardening component of the 3D printing ink comprising at least one colorant preferably prevents diffusion of the colorant into the 3D printing ink without a colorant. This allows for the creation of three-dimensional elements that provide highly defined color and / or effects within the eyeglass lens. In a further embodiment of the invention, the spectacle lens is printed to the shape of a spectacle frame, thus eliminating the need for rim forming. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the groove or channel provided for mounting in a spectacle frame, for example, for half-rim frames, or special facet shapes, such as flat or jewel facets, can be incorporated during the printing of the spectacle lens. Recesses or perforations, such as those required for rimless glasses, can be left material-free in this embodiment, thereby also eliminating subsequent machining steps.In this embodiment, if the shape data of the glasses frame exists, at least one layer is printed that provides color and / or effect only on those points of the glasses lens where a coloration and / or other effect is desired on the glasses lens within a glasses frame. 3D printing ink may optionally include at least one additive. For example, dispersing agents, anti-settling agents, wetting agents (including anti-crater or spreading agents), biocides, UV absorbers, or mixtures thereof may be added to 3D printing ink. Dispersing agents help achieve a homogeneous distribution of all solid components in 3D printing ink. In particular, they prevent potential pigment clumping. Examples of dispersing agents that can be used include Solsperse 20000 and Solsperse 32500, both from Avecia KK, and Disperbyk-102, Disperbyk-106, Disperbyk-111, Disperbyk-161, Disperbyk-162, Disperbyk-163, Disperbyk-164, Disperbyk-166, Disperbyk-180, Disperbyk-190, Disperbyk-191, and Disperbyk-192, all from Byk-Chemie GmbH. Anti-settling agents must prevent settling, particularly of pigments in 3D printing ink. Examples of anti-settling agents that can be used are Byk-405 (Byk-Chemie GmbH) in conjunction with pyrogenic silicon dioxide, modified ureas such as Byk-410, Byk-411, or waxes such as Ceramat 250, Cerafak 103, Cerafak 106, or Ceratix 8461, all from Byk-Chemie GmbH. Wetting agents are important for printhead function, as they also wet internal structures such as channels, filters, nozzle pre-chambers, etc. Examples of suitable wetting agents include alkyl esters of fatty acids, acetylene derivatives, fluorinated esters, or fluorinated polymers. Biocides can be added to 3D printing ink to prevent the growth of microorganisms. Examples of biocides that can be used include polyhexamethylene biguanides, isothiazolones, and isothiazolinones, such as 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, or mixtures thereof. The selection of the appropriate UV absorber, which must be compatible with the additional components of the 3D printing ink and the 3D printing procedure, as well as the optimization of the concentration to achieve a desired UV absorption property, can be determined, for example, with the help of simulation programs taking into account suitable working material databases. A selection of UV absorbers suitable for eyeglass lenses, which can also be used in 3D printing ink, is extracted from document DE 69534779 T2.Accordingly, the UV absorber may comprise, for example, 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-hydroxy-4-n-acetoxybenzophenone, 2-(2-hydroxy-5-5-octylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-hydroxy-3,6-(1,1-dimethylbenzylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-amylphenyl)benzotriazole, bis[2-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-(benzotriazol-2-yl)phenyl]methane, bis[2-hydroxy-5-t-octyl-3-(benzotriazol-2-yl)phenyl]methane, 2-hydroxy-4-(2-acrylocyloxy)ethoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxy)propoxybenzophenone, 2-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2, 2-dihydroxy-4, 4-dimethoxybenzophenone, 2, 2, 4, 4 tetrahydroxybenzophenone, ethyl-2-cyano-3, 3-diphenyl acrylate, 2-ethexyl-2-cyano-3, 3-diphenyl acrylate, 2, 2, 4-trihydroxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-acryloyloxyethoxybenzophenone (polymer), 2-hydroxy-4-acryloyloxyethoxybenzophenone, 4-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone or mixtures thereof. Preferably, the 3D printing ink comprises 2 (2-hydroxy-5-5-octylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2 (2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2 (2-hydroxy-5-5-octylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2-hydroxy-4- (2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxy) propoxybenzophenone or mixtures thereof, most preferably 2 (2-hydroxy-5-5-octylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2 (2-hydroxy-5-5-octylphenyl) benzotriazole or mixtures thereof as a UV absorber. The total percentage of at least one UV absorber is present in the printing ink, preferably UV printing ink, preferably in the range of 0.01% to 5.1% by weight, and especially preferably in the range of 0.07% to 3.9% by weight, and especially preferably in the range of 0.09% to 3.1% by weight, in each case with respect to the total weight of the 3D printing ink. The ranges mentioned above refer to both the use of a single UV absorber and the use of a mixture of UV absorbers. The total percentage of at least one additive in the 3D printing ink is preferably in the range of 0.0% to 10.0% by weight, especially preferably in the range of 0.01% to 5.0% by weight, and most especially preferably in the range of 0.02% to 3.0% by weight, in each case with respect to the total weight of the 3D printing ink. These ranges are valid for the use of one type of additive, a mixture of different types of additives, and a mixture of different additives of one type. It is understood that the individual components of 3D printing ink should be selected in such a way that their percentages do not add up to more than 100% by weight. The process for producing a spectacle lens on a previously coated substrate comprises the following steps: 1. provide a coated substrate, ii. provide a three-dimensional model of the eyeglass lens, iii. digitally slice the three-dimensional model from stage ii. into individual two-dimensional layers, iv. provide at least one 3D printing ink, v. construct the spectacle lens from the sum of the individual two-dimensional layers of stage iii. by means of an impression operation on the substrate, vi. hardening the spectacle glass, the hardening being able to take place after the application of individual volume elements or after the application of a layer of volume elements in each case completely or partially, and the partial hardening being able to be completed after the end of the printing process, vii. optionally mill and / or grind and / or turn and / or polish the surface of the spectacle lens obtained in step vi., which does not border the substrate, viii. detach the eyeglass lens obtained in step vii. from the substrate, ix. optionally coating the surface of the spectacle lens facing away from the substrate, x. Optionally shape the edge of the eyeglass lens obtained in step ix. The detachment of the spectacle lens from the substrate can alternatively also take place before the optional subsequent mechanical machining in stage vii. 3D printing of an eyeglass lens begins by providing a three-dimensional model, preferably a CAD model. This three-dimensional model defines the three-dimensional geometry of the eyeglass lens, that is, the surface opposite the substrate, as well as the cylindrical edge surface. In one embodiment, the desired color of the spectacle lens is predetermined using various coloring agents. The absorption of the spectacle lens is obtained from the number of colored volume elements printed on top of each other. Thus, the color of the spectacle lens appears to the wearer as the sum of all the absorptions within the lens. Correspondingly, in the three-dimensional model, several layers, each containing at least one coloring component, can be stacked on top of each other. The additive effect of at least two layers containing colorant can then be calculated.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. Procedure for the production of a spectacle lens, the procedure comprising the following steps:

1. providing a coated substrate, the substrate being optionally occupied with a peelable adhesive layer and the substrate coating being selected from the group consisting of at least one hard varnish layer, at least one anti-reflective layer, at least one electrically conductive or semiconducting layer, at least one anti-fog layer and / or at least one Clean Coat layer, II. provide a three-dimensional model of the spectacle lens, ill. digitally slice the three-dimensional model from stage II into individual two-dimensional layers, iv. provide at least one 3D printing ink, v. construct the spectacle lens from the sum of the individual two-dimensional layers of stage ill. by means of an impression operation on the substrate, vi. hardening the spectacle glass, the hardening being able to take place after the application of individual volume elements or after the application of a layer of volume elements in each case completely or partially, and the partial hardening being able to be completed after the end of the printing process, vii. optionally mill and / or grind and / or turn and / or polish the surface of the spectacle lens obtained in step vi., which does not border the substrate, viii. detach the spectacle lens obtained in step vii. along with the substrate coating, ix. optionally coating the surface of the spectacle lens facing away from the substrate, x. Optionally shape the edge of the eyeglass lens obtained in step ix.

2. - Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the substrate, starting from the substrate, is occupied with the following layers: a) optionally peel off an adhesive layer, b) at least one Clean Coat layer and / or at least one anti-fog layer c) at least one anti-reflective coating, d) optionally at least one electrically conductive or semiconducting layer, e) at least one layer of hard varnish.

3. - A method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one electrically conductive or semiconducting layer forms part of the antireflective layer.

4. - A method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the detachable adhesive layer is a Clean Coat layer, which after separation from the printed spectacle glass represents the outer layer of one of the surfaces of the spectacle glass.

5. - A process according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the detachable adhesive layer comprises alkyltrihalogensilanes.

6. - A method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pre-coated substrate is convex or concave in shape and the surface topography of the pre-coated substrate is selected from the group consisting of spherical, aspherical, toric, atoric, progressive and planar.

7. - A method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the eyeglass lens on the side opposite the substrate is coated with at least one layer, selected from the group consisting of at least one hard varnish layer, at least one anti-reflective layer, at least one electrically conductive or semiconducting layer, at least one anti-fog layer, and at least one Clean Coat layer.

8. - A method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface of the spectacle lens, which is directed away from the substrate, starting from this surface, comprises the following sequence of layers: a) at least one layer of hard varnish, b) optionally at least one electrically conductive or semiconducting layer, c) at least one anti-reflective coating, d) optionally at least one Clean Coat layer and / or at least one anti-fog layer.

9. - A method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the 3D printing ink comprises at least one radiation-curable component and optionally at least one coloring agent, and the radiation-curable component comprises at least one monomer from the group consisting of (meth)acrylate monomers, epoxy monomers, vinyl monomers, and ayl monomers, and (a) i) the total percentage of at least one type of monofunctional (meth)acrylate monomer is in the range of from 0.0% to 35.0% by weight, with respect to the total weight of the printing ink or the total percentage of at least one type of monofunctional epoxy, vinyl or ayl monomer or a mixture of different monofunctional (meth)acrylate, epoxy, vinyl or ayl monomer is in each case in the range of from 0.0% to 60% by weight, with respect to theb) total weight of the printing ink and / or II) the total percentage of at least one type of (meth)acrylate monomer, epoxy monomer, vinyl monomer or difunctional ring monomer or a mixture of different (meth)acrylate monomers, epoxy monomers, vinyl monomers or difunctional ring monomers is in each case in the range of 32.0% by weight to 99% by weight, in each case with respect to the total weight of the printing ink and / or ll) the total percentage of at least one type of (meth)acrylate monomer, epoxy monomer, vinyl monomer or trifunctional ring monomer or a mixture of different (meth)acrylate monomers, epoxy monomers, vinyl monomers or trifunctional ring monomers in each case is in the range of 1.0% by weight to 51.0% by weight, in each case with respect to the total weight of the printing ink and / or (iv) the total percentage of at least one type of (meth)acrylate monomer, epoxy monomer,vinyl monomer or tetrafunctional ring monomer or a mixture of different (meth)acrylate monomers, epoxy monomers, vinyl monomers or tetrafunctional ring monomers is in each case in a range from 0% by weight to 16% by weight, in each case with respect to the total weight of the printing ink, either c) the printing ink comprises at least one radiation-hardening monofunctional component and at least one radiation-hardening difunctional component in a weight ratio of 1:1 or at least one radiation-hardening monofunctional component and at least one radiation-hardening trifunctional component in a weight ratio of 1:5 or at least one radiation-hardening difunctional component and at least one radiation-hardening trifunctional component in a weight ratio of 1:1 or at least one radiation-hardening difunctional component and at least one radiation-hardening tetrafunctional component in a weight ratio of 5:1 or at least one radiation-hardening monofunctional component and at least one radiation-hardening difunctional component and at least one radiation-hardening trifunctional component in a weight ratio of 1:5:

1.

10. - A method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the 3D printing ink has a viscosity ranging from 4 mPa-s to 56 mPa-s.