Large-scale CO2 capture and neutralization system

Abstract

The present invention relates to a large-scale CO2 capture and neutralization system and marine phytoplankton production system comprising a plurality of production units grouped in sets of 6, 8, or 10 to form a module, where the modules are arranged in a hexagonal, octagonal, or decagonal shape, respectively. Each production unit consists of two concentric tubes made of transparent PMMA material, with the space between the tubes containing a marine phytoplankton culture. The system includes a central distributor, a pump to generate a recirculation circuit, and lighting and a coil arranged in the free space inside each production unit. The distribution of the conduits ensures homogeneity of the contents within the production units to guarantee the production of marine phytoplankton with a photosynthetic yield greater than 8%.

Description

LARGE-SCALE CO2 CAPTURE AND NEUTRALIZATION SYSTEM TECHNICAL SECTOR The present invention relates to a large-scale system for capturing and neutralizing CO2 and producing marine phytoplankton using an innovative configuration of a plurality of closed, vertical production reactors. These reactors are composed of production units arranged in modules in a hexagonal, octagonal, or decagonal shape. Each production unit has two concentric tubes that house the marine phytoplankton culture within the space defined by the tubes. The phytoplankton is exposed to electromagnetic currents provided by copper coils located in the free space inside each production unit. Furthermore, the system includes elements for capturing and generating electrical energy (photovoltaic and wind) to make the system energy self-sufficient and to provide additional lighting via LEDs. Thus, the proposed invention allows for photosynthetic yields exceeding 8%, even reaching over 10%, a value significantly higher than other known marine phytoplankton cultivation systems. This aims to address the current shortcomings of other known systems, as existing systems have technical and configuration limitations that prevent them from achieving the photosynthetic yield of the present invention. Therefore, the ultimate goal is to achieve large-scale production capabilities, reaching a commercial scale never before attained (megascale), enabling marine phytoplankton to become a viable and competitive alternative to other commodities, such as fuels, food for animal and human consumption, and others. This megascale will also allow for a significant environmental impact thanks to marine phytoplankton's capacity to capture and neutralize CO2. In this context, the invention is presented as an innovative, sustainable, and highly efficient solution for marine phytoplankton production, which is expected to have a major impact on the market and society in general. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Every second, the Earth receives approximately 173,000 terawatts (TW) of solar energy. This is equivalent to more than 10,000 times the world's energy demand in that same second. In other words, 90 minutes of solar energy on Earth would be enough to cover the world's annual energy consumption. This has been known for a long time, so if a system capable of harnessing this vast amount of energy were developed, it would solve all the energy and environmental problems associated with our lifestyle. While it is true that harnessing 100% of the energy from the sun is currently a utopia, with this invention we intend to work with marine phytoplankton (which, according to the scientific community, is the most efficient photosynthetic organism on the planet), boosting its growth to unprecedented levels, achieving photosynthetic yields far exceeding the figures used on a commercial scale in the world of marine phytoplankton. In this regard, it should be noted that the photosynthetic yield of a plant refers to the efficiency with which a photosynthetic organism converts solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis. That is, the microorganism receives energy from the sun in the form of radiation and, as a result, reproduces and grows, generating biomass. Its capacity to generate biomass is greater the higher its photosynthetic yield. This yield varies depending on the species, environmental conditions (light, temperature, water and nutrient availability), and the type of photosynthesis performed. Natural plants generally achieve a very low yield of between 0.1% and 2%, with the 2% occurring under highly controlled and favorable conditions that are far removed from real-world scenarios. Marine phytoplankton is more efficient and can reach maximums of 3-4%, but again, these figures have been achieved under laboratory conditions, with values ​​obtained on a commercial scale being much lower, not even reaching 1%. In addition to the above, it should be noted that current marine phytoplankton production facilities, when based on closed photobioreactors, are usually limited to areas that, in the best case, reach 2-3 hectares, thus making it a totally residual introduction to the market (niche markets) with a production limited to a few kilos or tons. It is true that there are other production systems based on open ponds that can reach larger scales (up to hundreds of hectares), but they are not competitive in terms of photosynthetic efficiency and quality of the final product. It is important to note that the production of these open pond-based systems is limited to two species (Spirulina and Chlorella). Furthermore, these systems present challenges related to contamination, control, and automation, which limits their viability for mass production. Therefore, achieving scales of thousands or even tens of thousands of hectares, as we intend with this invention, remains far beyond the capabilities of these technologies. In short, despite the well-known immense potential of marine phytoplankton in strategic applications such as fuels, agriculture, aquaculture, animal feed, human food, etc., the reality is that there are currently no known large-scale production facilities that would allow access to these large and strategic markets. In addition to its capacity to generate large-scale products, marine phytoplankton is also known for its role as a natural carbon sink, currently playing an essential role in regulating carbon in the oceans. However, the contribution of current marine phytoplankton production centers to CO2 capture is minimal, as they operate on a small scale. Based on the foregoing, the applicant for this patent application understands that, to date, it has not been possible to overcome the technical and economic barrier to achieving a photosynthetic yield greater than 4% with known systems, nor to offer a production system that allows for scaling up marine phytoplankton production to thousands, or even tens of thousands, of hectares with yields sufficient to reach mass markets. Therefore, the applicant identifies the need to develop a new system that offers an economical and efficient solution for marine phytoplankton production, such that this system allows for industrial-scale production with photosynthetic yields higher than those obtained by other plant species, while maintaining the quality of the resulting product. The following bibliography supports the cited figures regarding marine plants and phytoplankton: - Melis, A. (2002) . Green alga hydrogen production: progress, challenges and prospects. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 27 (11-12) , 1217-1228 - Chisti, Y. (2007) . Biodiesel from microalgae. Biotechnology Advances, 25 (3) , 294-30.- Zhu, X.-G., Long, S. P., & Ort, D. R. (2010) . Improving photosynthetic efficiency for greater yield. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 61, 235-261. - Monteith, J. L. (1977) . Climate and the efficiency of crop production in Britain. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences, 281 (980) , 277-294. - Wijffels, R. H., & Barbosa, M. J. (2010) . An outlook on microalgal biofuels. Science, 329 (5993) , 796-799. DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN The CO2 capture and neutralization system and large-scale marine phytoplankton production system advocated in the present invention allows maximizing the photosynthetic yield (energy equivalent to the biomass produced vs. incident solar energy) of phytoplankton crops, achieving a yield greater than 8%. Thus, the present invention positions marine phytoplankton as a competitive and sustainable alternative for the production of raw materials intended for multiple sectors, including the production of biofuels, proteins for human and animal food, and agricultural products such as biostimulants, among others. Thus, the system of the invention consists of means for producing a marine phytoplankton culture comprising the elements detailed below. Productive reactors (also called photobioreactors) are made up of closed vertical production units, grouped by modules, where the production units that make up the system belong to the group of closed vertical reactors. Thus, the closed vertical production units are grouped into 6, 8, or 10 units, forming a module. The modules are arranged in a hexagonal, octagonal, or decagonal shape, so that each module has 6, 8, or 10 production units made up of concentric tubes of transparent PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) material. It should be noted that each production unit has two concentric tubes - an outer concentric tube and an inner concentric tube - with a height between 6 and 14 m (preferably between 8 and 12 m) and where the space between the concentric tubes contains a marine phytoplankton culture, the diameter of the outer concentric tube being between 300 mm and 600 mm and the diameter of the inner concentric tube being between 200 mm and 500 mm. The modules made up of production units are assembled to form the system. It should be noted that the system of the invention also includes, among the means for producing the cultivation of marine phytoplankton, the following: - a central distributor that is connected to a collector of each module, such that each collector is connected to one of the ends - the top - of the space between the concentric tubes by means of conduits, while the central distributor is connected to the opposite end - the base - of the space between the concentric tubes, generating a recirculation circuit for the production units; preferably, the central distributor is provided with a venting element; - at least one driving element that introduces pressurized air and CO2 through the base of the space between the concentric tubes and generates a turbulent regime and the displacement of the marine phytoplankton culture contained in the production units; preferably, the driving element is a means of generating gaseous fluid such as a blower or a compressor; - means of artificial lighting - preferably LEDs (Light-Emitting Diodes) - and at least one copper coil arranged in the free space inside each production unit, i.e., inside the inner concentric tube, so that the marine phytoplankton culture is exposed, at least during each recirculation cycle while the system is in operation, to lighting and an electromagnetic field provided by the coil when it is electrically powered; and - means of capturing light and / or kinetic energy to power the system, for example to power the air and CO2 impeller, the coil, etc. On the other hand, the system also includes means to carry out the harvesting of the marine phytoplankton culture produced. It should be noted that the air and CO2 introduced at the base of the production units feed the marine phytoplankton culture and move it through the recirculation circuit to the central distributor, allowing its entry into the base of the production units by gravity, generating a homogeneous content of the marine phytoplankton culture, air and CO2 in all production units and a recirculation of at least the entire volume contained in the system every hour, achieving a photosynthetic yield greater than 8%, preferably between 8% and 10.64%. The following details some possible configurations for the diameters of the concentric tubes that make up each production unit: - Outer tube diameter - inner tube diameter: 400-200 mm - Outer tube diameter - inner tube diameter: 400-300 mm - Outer tube diameter - inner tube diameter: 400-350 mm - Outer tube diameter - inner tube diameter: 500-400 mm - Outer tube diameter - inner tube diameter: 600-500 mm - Outer tube diameter - inner tube diameter: 300-200 mm Among the detailed options, it should be noted that the preferred configuration is the one with an outer tube diameter of 400 mm and an inner tube diameter of 350 mm, since it offers an Illuminated Area Index (IAL) value of 80, a value significantly higher than that achieved by other known systems, such as open ponds and flat reactors, and comparable to that of tubular reactors, as detailed in the preferred embodiment section of the invention. On the other hand, in addition to its outstanding optical performance, the system of the invention presents a series of notable advantages over other systems, such as horizontal tubular systems, which will be detailed below: The vertical arrangement of the production units maximizes volume per unit area compared to other known systems, making it a scalable option for reaching mass markets. Other systems, such as Open Ponds, have low productivity per hectare, and flat and horizontal tubular reactors have a biomass production per unit area far below that of the system of the present invention. Table 1 shows the data obtained for each system mentioned: Table 1. Comparison of different production systems The present invention offers an optimal hydraulic configuration to ensure a homogeneous system in which the marine phytoplankton culture is under the same conditions at all points, guaranteeing good quality and production. To achieve this, the system includes the aforementioned recirculation circuit, where the driving force is a pump that introduces pressurized air and CO2 through the base of the space between the concentric tubes. Thus, the introduced air and CO2 generate a turbulent regime and the displacement of the marine phytoplankton culture contained in the production units, traveling together the length of the concentric tubes until reaching the central distributor, in such a way that the marine phytoplankton culture now continues to advance by gravity through the central distributor until it is again directed to the base of the concentric tubes of the production units starting a new recirculation cycle. Advantageously, the detailed hydraulics of the system of the invention allow for a recirculation of the entire volume of the system every hour. This recirculation allows the cultivation of marine phytoplankton within the production units to be completely homogeneous, and therefore each point of the system has the same concentration, same pH, same nutrient concentration, same temperature, etc. Optionally, the system includes sensors in the central distributor, such as a level sensor, a pH sensor, a turbidity sensor, a temperature sensor, a CO2 sensor, a viscometer and / or a conductivity meter, in order to monitor these variables and act according to the measured variables, even automating the actions to be taken accordingly. Thus, monitoring these variables allows the system to be automated, eliminating the need for human intervention. To achieve this, the measured variables enable: - Identify the best time and yield for harvesting (based on variables such as crop growth in recent days). - Identify abnormal behaviors (contamination, lack of a nutrient, etc.). - Feeding schedule based on growth in previous days and harvests. - Control CO2 feeding at a concentration that approaches 100% capture efficiency. Furthermore, the present invention preferably includes light or kinetic energy capture systems, such as photovoltaic solar panels and / or wind turbines, so that the captured energy is used to power the air impeller and coils. In this way, intensive cultivation is offered 24 / 7, regardless of whether it is day or night. The advantage of including these elements lies in offering a system that is energy self-sufficient, providing a negative emissions balance, allowing: - Control the system temperature to work within the appropriate temperature range, as this is a vital factor that influences the growth and metabolism of phytoplankton, since it directly affects biochemical reactions and photosynthetic efficiency. - Apply artificial light from the energy obtained from the aforementioned light collection systems, since it provides the energy for photosynthesis and impacts the growth of phytoplankton so that they convert carbon dioxide into biomass using light as an energy source. - Apply an electromagnetic field using the energy obtained from the aforementioned light collection systems. Regarding the electromagnetic field, it should be noted that it is generated by passing an electric current through a copper coil, which consists of a conductor wound in a helical shape. This coil, located in the interior free space of each production unit (on the side where the marine phytoplankton culture is not located) and in the same space where the artificial lighting (preferably LEDs) is situated, exposes the culture contained within the reproductive unit to the electromagnetic field or current induced by the coil. In this sense, the presence of the electromagnetic field in the system of the present invention improves the photosynthetic performance of the marine phytoplankton culture. The effects that electromagnetic fields can have on the metabolism and cellular activity of marine phytoplankton are detailed below: - Growth stimulation: The application of electromagnetic fields at specific intensities and frequencies accelerates cell division in marine phytoplankton, favoring the growth rate and, therefore, biomass productivity. - Increased efficiency of photosynthesis: Electromagnetic fields help increase the photosynthetic rate by facilitating electron transport during photosynthesis, leading to more efficient use of light energy and greater CO2 fixation. - Production of specific metabolites: In addition to increasing the growth rate, phytoplankton under certain electromagnetic field exposure conditions have been observed to produce greater quantities of specific compounds, such as lipids, pigments, and antioxidants. This is especially useful in applications where the goal is to maximize not only biomass but also the quality and quantity of these compounds of interest. - Improved nutrient absorption: Electromagnetic fields facilitate the absorption of essential nutrients, optimizing growing conditions and reducing the time needed to reach optimal biomass concentrations. In summary, the use of an electromagnetic field in marine phytoplankton cultures enhances photosynthetic performance and improves the production of biomass and compounds of interest. This makes the system of the present invention a promising tool for the large-scale industrial production of marine phytoplankton. Finally, it is worth highlighting that this innovation will allow for energy self-sufficiency, enabling temperature control and the addition of artificial lighting, while simultaneously achieving a negative CO2 balance. This means the system will capture more CO2 than its production process emits. To achieve this, the system incorporates light and / or kinetic energy capture devices, such as photovoltaic solar panels and / or wind turbines. The energy captured by these systems is used to power the pressurized air and CO2 generators, and / or even the subsequent processing of the produced biomass: harvesting, centrifugation, filtration, etc., making the system and the entire production process energy self-sufficient.The fact that electricity consumption is reduced to zero, thanks to the energy self-sufficiency of the presented system, along with the increase in photosynthetic yield, drastically breaks down the technical and economic barrier that prevented microalgae from reaching mass markets, as will be explained in more detail later. Therefore, this system allows for the cultivation of marine phytoplankton on an unprecedented industrial scale. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS To complement the description that follows and to aid in a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred embodiment thereof, a set of drawings is included as an integral part of said description, in which, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, the following has been represented: Figure 1 shows a plan view of the large-scale marine phytoplankton production and CO2 capture system according to a preferred embodiment of the object of the present invention. Figure 2 shows a perspective view of the system represented in Figure 1. Figure 3 shows a perspective view representing part of the system of the preferred embodiment of the invention represented in the previous figures, in which one of the modules that make up the system can be seen. Figure 4 shows a partial side view of the system according to the preferred embodiment of the invention shown in the previous figures, in which two production units of a module, a collector and the central distributor of the system can be seen. Figure 5 shows a sectional view (Figure A) and a plan view (Figure B) of a production unit that is part of a system module according to the preferred embodiment of the invention represented in the previous figures. PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION In view of the figures described, and in particular in figures 1 and 2 we observe the system of the invention according to a preferred embodiment, which includes 10 production units (1) organized into 6 modules (5) arranged in a hexagonal shape. Thus, as shown in Figure 3, each module (5) has 10 production units (1) made up of concentric tubes of transparent PMMA material, that is, each production unit (1) has two concentric tubes - an outer concentric tube (1) and an inner concentric tube (1) - with a height between 8 and 12 m where the space between the concentric tubes contains a marine phytoplankton culture (6), the diameter of the outer concentric tube (1) being 400 mm and the diameter of the inner concentric tube (1) being 350 mm. In this regard, as shown in Figure 4, a central distributor (2) is connected to a collector (3) of each module (5), such that each collector (3) is connected to the upper part of the space between the concentric tubes by means of conduits (4), while the central distributor (2) is connected to the base of the space between the concentric tubes, generating a recirculation circuit for the production units (1). In addition, a pump (not shown in the figures) introduces pressurized air and CO2 through the base of the space between the concentric tubes and generates a turbulent regime and the displacement of the marine phytoplankton culture (6) contained in the production units (1); The details of the parts that make up each production unit (1) are shown in Figure 5, where both the cross-sectional view (Figure 5A) and the plan view (Figure 5B) show that a copper coil (7) is located in the free space inside each production unit (1). This coil generates a magnetic field that affects the marine phytoplankton culture (6). It should be noted that the LEDs (not shown) that provide artificial lighting to the marine phytoplankton culture (6) are also located in this free space inside. Thus, the magnetic field is generated by passing an electric current through the copper coil (7), which consists of a conductor wound in a helical shape. The characteristics of the applied magnetic field are presented below: - Insulation: Heat-resistant enamel coating. - heat-resistant enamel coating. - Spacing: Uniform along the length, with narrower spacing near the base to favor initial acceleration. - Range to apply: 0, 1 uT - 1000 uT, optimum between 300-750 uT and preferably between 450-550 uT. - Magnetic flux control: Controlled by an external power supply with variable frequency drives (VFDs). - Monitoring system: Use of Hall effect sensors to ensure uniform flow - Coil spacing: 50 mm at the base, increasing to 100 mm near the top. - Total number of coils: Approximately 200 loops, distributed along 12 m. - Power: Controlled by a variable DC power supply with current modulation. - Sensors: Hall effect sensors embedded in the PMMA tube to monitor flow at 2 m intervals. In this respect, the detailed configuration of the preferred embodiment, including the diameters of the indicated concentric tubes, offers a high IAL (Illuminated Area Index), with a value of 80 (as detailed below), and a photosynthetic performance above 8% significantly higher than those achieved by systems known as Open Ponds and flat reactors. Below, we present the photosynthetic yield for three examples using different marine phytoplankton cultivation technologies. In the examples detailed below, the photosynthetic yield was calculated using an estimated average solar radiation of 5.5 kWh / m² / day, equivalent to 19,800,000 J / m² / day, and an energy value of 4,400 kcal / kg of biomass produced. Example 1. The commonly known Open Ponds or open ponds. This is the most widely used system in the world of marine phytoplankton due to its simplicity and cost. The initial values ​​and results obtained are detailed below: - Species: Spirulina platensis - Area occupied: 10,000 m2 (1ha) - % of cultivated area: 80% - Tank depth: 20 cm - Cultivation volume 2000m3 - Growth: 0.035 g / L / day, which is equivalent to 3.5 g / m2 / day (taking into account the surface of 1 ha) - Incident energy, in Alicante (Spain), on a sunny day: 5.5 kWh / m2 / day (19,800 kJ / m2 / day) - Energy associated with 1 g of Spirulina, approximately 4,400 kcal / kg. Based on all of the above, with a plant surface area of ​​7 g / m2 / day, a biomass energy of 128.74 kJ / m2 / day is produced, which with respect to the incident energy in Alicante (Spain) estimated for a sunny day of 19,800 kJ / m2 / day, corresponds to a 0.65% photosynthetic efficiency, with the IAL being 4. Example 2. Flat plate reactor Flat-plate reactors are very interesting because they allow working with different optical paths, have a reduced cost and their construction does not require highly specialized elements so they can be built locally. When comparing a flat-plate reactor to an open-tank system, it should be noted that the flat-plate reactor is a system that allows for greater productivity and better control. - Species: Spirulina platensis - Area occupied: 10,000 m2 (1ha) - Panel thickness: 7 cm - Panel height: 1.1 m - Panel length: 3 m - Crop volume: 438.04 m3 - Growth: 0.065 g / L / day, which is equivalent to 2.85 g / m2 / day - Number of production units: 1,896, 30 units / s occupied - Active area: 6,257.78 m2 active - Incident energy, in Alicante, on a sunny day: 5.5 kWh / m2 / day (19,800 kJ / m2 / day) - Energy associated with 1 g of Spirulina, approximately 4,400 kcal / kg Based on all of the above, with a growth of 2.85 g / m2 / day, the flat reactor system produces a biomass energy of 52.37 kJ / m2 / day, which with respect to the incident energy in Alicante (Spain) estimated for a sunny day of 19,800 kJ / m2 / day, corresponds to 0.26% photosynthetic efficiency, with the IAL being 14.29. The results show that growth per unit volume is greater for a flat-plate reactor (0.065 g / L / day) than in an open pond. However, the photosynthetic yield of the flat-plate reactor is lower than in the case of an open pond. Example 3. Horizontal tubular reactor The horizontal tubular reactor is considered the most efficient reactor of all those that exist at the present commercial level, provided that it does not involve large areas, and the final product is a high value added product, since the CAPEX (Capital expenditures) and the OPEX (Operational expenditures) are high. The following data shows production in a horizontal tubular reactor: - Species: Spirulina platensis - Area occupied: 10,000 m2 (1ha) - Tube diameter: 5 cm - Length of each production module: 100 m - Number of 100 m² module units that fit in 1 ha: 1000 units - Cultivation volume: 196.35 m3 total. - Growth: 0.3 g / L / day, which is equivalent to 5.89 g / m2 / day - Incident energy, in Alicante, on a sunny day: 5.5 kWh / m2 / day (19,800 kJ / m2 / day) - Energy associated with 1 g of Spirulina, approximately 4,400 kcal / kg Based on all of the above, with a production of 5.89 g / m2 / day, a biomass energy of 108.34 kJ / m2 / day is produced, which with respect to the incident energy in Alicante (Spain) estimated for a sunny day of 19,800 kJ / m2 / day, corresponds to 0.55% photosynthetic efficiency, with the IAL being 80. Although the growth per unit volume of a horizontal tubular reactor is much greater than in the previous cases, the photosynthetic yield in this case is still lower than in the case of an open pond system. Example 4. CO2 capture and large-scale phytoplankton production system according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention. Based on the configuration detailed in the preferred embodiment section of the present invention, the following results are obtained: - Species: Spirulina platensis - Area occupied: 10000 m2 (1ha) - Production unit configuration: concentric tubes with an outer diameter of 400 mm, and an inner diameter of 350 mm - Height of concentric tubes (height of the production unit): 12 m - Number of reactors: 90 units / ha - Number of production units per hectare: 5400 units. These production units (1) are grouped into sets of 10 units, forming a reactor module (5). In this example, a reactor consists of 6 modules (5) arranged hexagonally. - Exterior surface area of ​​the production unit: 15.08 m2 - Interior surface area of ​​the production unit: 13.19 m2 - Total area of ​​the production unit: 28.27 m2 - Total reactor volume: 1,908.52 m3 - Growth: 0.6 g / L / day, which is equivalent to 114.51 g / m2 / day - Incident energy, in Alicante, on a sunny day: 5.5 kWh / m2 / day (19,800 kJ / m2 / day) - Energy associated with 1 g of Spirulina, approximately 4,400 kcal / kg Based on all of the above, with a production of 114.51 g / m2 / day, the system of the present invention produces a biomass energy of 2,106.09 kJ / m2 / day, which with respect to the incident energy in Alicante estimated for a sunny day of 19,800 kJ / m2 / day, corresponds to 10.64% photosynthetic efficiency, with the IAL value being 80. Thus, according to what is detailed in examples 1-4, it is concluded that the photosynthetic efficiency or performance for a system according to the arrangement detailed in the preferred embodiment of the present invention is 10.64%. Finally, an example of the invention is detailed which presents an energy demand which is covered by the system itself, being self-sufficient. In this sense, on average, the electricity consumption per photobioreactor (it should be noted that the reactor is a set of production units that are associated in modules and these together form the photobioreactor) is as follows: - Aeration 20, 32 kW.h / day per reactor - Pumping 2.10 kW.h / day per reactor - Processed 1.98 kWh / day per reactor - Tempering 25, 70 kW.h / day per reactor - Light 90.48 kWh / day per reactor - Magnetic field 22.50 kW.h / day per reactor - Total electricity consumption: 163.08 kWh / day per reactor This, applied to a large-scale plant with 90,000 reactors, would require an area of ​​1,000 hectares, with the energy needed and therefore the equivalent CO2 emitted being: - Aeration 1,828, 80 kW.h / day plant - Pumping 189 kW.h / day plant - Processed 178.2 kWh / day plant - Tempering 2,313.00 kW.h / day plant - Light 8143, 01 kW.h / day plant - Magnetic field 2,025, 00 kW.h / day plant - Total electricity consumption: 14677.01 kWh / day plant - Total CO2 emitted: 3,418 tons / day In other words, a large-scale CO2 capture and phytoplankton production system like the one described would require 14 GW of energy per day, an enormous demand that would make such a large-scale project unfeasible. Furthermore, if we are unable to generate our own energy sustainably, we would have CO2 emissions equivalent to 3,400 tons per day, which would not be offset by biomass production, since the capture capacity of 90,000 reactors is only 2,371 tons of CO2 captured per day. This figure is obtained from the following calculation: To generate 1 ton of marine phytoplankton biomass, it is necessary to capture 1.83 tons of CO2; 50% of the biomass is carbon, and the carbon comes from CO2, with carbon representing 27% of the weight of the CO2 molecule. Therefore, 0.5 / 0.27 = 1.83. Since the production for 90,000 reactors is 1,296 tons per day, multiplying by 1.83 gives 2,371 tons of CO2 captured per day. Thus, according to an example of the implementation of the invention, the system of 90,000 reactors features light and kinetic energy capture systems, specifically, an installation of 130 m2 of photovoltaic panels and 2 mini wind turbines of 10 kW, capture systems that generate approximately an amount of energy equivalent to 163kW.h per day and per reactor, which make the system of 90,000 reactors energy self-sufficient, making the whole a sustainable system. With these implementations we would have a system that does not require energy from the grid and CO2 emissions would be 0, so the capture of a 1,000 ha plant would be: 865,663.20 tons of CO2 annually (2,371 tons / day), a significant figure to consider this technology as a real tool to fight climate change.

Claims

1st.- Large-scale CO2 capture and neutralization system characterized in that it comprises: - means for producing a marine phytoplankton culture comprising: - vertical closed production units (1) grouped into 6, 8 or 10 production units (1) forming a module (5), the modules (5) being arranged in a hexagonal, octagonal or decagonal shape, such that each production unit (1) is formed by concentric tubes of transparent PMMA material, i.e., each production unit has two concentric tubes - an outer concentric tube and an inner concentric tube - of height between 6 and 14 m where the space between the concentric tubes contains a marine phytoplankton culture (6), the diameter of the outer concentric tube (1) being between 300 mm and 600 mm and the diameter of the inner concentric tube (1) being between 200 mm and 500 mm; - a central distributor (2) that is connected to a collector (3) of each module (5),so that each collector (3) is connected to the top of the space between the concentric tubes by means of conduits (4), while the central distributor (2) is connected to the base of the space between the concentric tubes, generating a recirculation circuit for the production units (1); - at least one pumping element that introduces pressurized air and CO2 through the base of the space between the concentric tubes and generates a turbulent regime and the displacement of the marine phytoplankton culture (6) contained in the production units (1); - means of artificial lighting and at least one copper coil (7) arranged in the free space inside each production unit (1),so that the marine phytoplankton culture (6) is exposed to illumination and an electromagnetic field provided by the copper coil (7); - means for harvesting the produced marine phytoplankton culture; and - means for capturing light and / or kinetic energy to power the system; wherein the air and CO2 introduced at the base of the production units (1) feed the marine phytoplankton culture (6) and move it through the recirculation circuit to the central distributor (2), allowing its entry into the base of the production units by gravity, generating a homogeneous content of marine phytoplankton culture (6), air, and CO2 in all production units (1) and a recirculation of at least the entire volume contained in the system every hour, achieving a photosynthetic yield greater than 8%. 2nd.- Large-scale CO2 capture and neutralization system, according to claim 1,characterized in that each production unit (1) has an outer concentric tube diameter (1) of 400 mm and an inner concentric tube diameter (1) of 350 mm, the production unit (1) offering an illuminated area index (AAI) of 80.

3. Large-scale CO2 capture and neutralization system, according to claim 1, characterized in that the driving element is a blower or a compressor.

4. Large-scale CO2 capture and neutralization system, according to claim 1, characterized in that the artificial lighting means are LEDs.

5. Large-scale CO2 capture and neutralization system, according to claim 1, characterized in that the central distributor (2) is provided with a venting element. 6th.- Large-scale CO2 capture and neutralization system, according to claim 1, characterized in that the central distributor (2) is equipped with sensors, such as a level sensor, a pH sensor, a turbidity sensor,A temperature sensor, a CO2 sensor, a viscometer and / or a conductivity meter. 7th.- Large-scale CO2 capture and neutralization system, according to claim 1, characterized in that the means of capturing light and / or kinetic energy are materialized in photovoltaic solar panels and / or wind turbines.

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