Set of adaptive artificial intraocular lenses, based on binocular interaction and the accommodative convergence reflex of the eyes

Abstract

This invention relates to a series of adaptive artificial intraocular lenses, whose operating mechanism is based on the accommodative convergence reflex and which are characterized by requiring implantation in both eyes (bilateral pseudophakia). The new intraocular lenses are equipped with a biocompatible, non-cytotoxic material (a microchip with magnetic nanoparticles) that possesses electromagnetic properties. A conductor passing through the microchip forms a closed circuit. The variation in the distance between the artificial intraocular lenses during convergence and divergence movements of the eyes modifies the intensity and phase of the electromagnetic field between the microchips of both lenses, generating an electrical charge (voltage) at the ends of the conductor. This results in the flow of electric current through the closed circuit of the conductor due to the induced voltage and in accordance with the effect of electromagnetic induction.The range of artificial adaptive intraocular lenses is based on an electrical excitation device, and the change in the dioptric power of the intraocular lens during accommodative convergence of the eye is achieved either by increasing the refractive index of the lens, or by adjusting the shape of the intraocular lens.

Description

[0001] Description

[0002] An array of artificial adaptive intraocular lenses, the operating apparatus of which is based on binocular interaction and the accommodative convergence reflex of the eyes.

[0003] This invention refers to an array of artificial adaptive intraocular lenses for the correction of presbyopia, as well as the achievement of clear vision at all distances, from far focus to near focus, by taking advantage of the mechanism of eye convergence during the process of the accommodation reflex. It requires the implantation of the new artificial intraocular lenses in both eyes (bilateral pseudophakia). Their function depends on the change of the relevant distances of the surfaces and edges of artificial intraocular lenses between the right and the left eye during the movement of the orbs of the eyes in the various positions of visual fixation.

[0004] The crystalline lens of the eye is capable of adjusting its shape (accommodating) in order to enable us to focus on objects which are near us, and to see such objects clearly.

[0005] When the crystalline lens of the eye is replaced by an intraocular monofocal artificial lens, this ability of lens accommodation is eliminated. Solely the natural crystalline lens is capable of adjusting its shape in order to accommodate to various near and far focus distances and provide excellent clarity of vision. As a result, the artificial monofocal lens grants the ability to focus with accuracy on a specific and predetermined distance depending on the power of the intraocular lens which we select. Therefore, we may select an artificial monofocal intraocular lens with adequate power in order for visual acuity to be excellent in far distance, although the same lens may not be capable of providing us with clear vision in other intermediate and near focus distances (e.g. reading on a computer screen, reading a book). to order to correct this, we have devised various modes / methods and types of artificial intraocular Sens systems: a) We have invented multifocal intraocular lenses, trifocal intraocular lenses, and even extended depth -of-focus (EDOF) lenses. b) We advanced the idea of correcting one eye for far distance and the other eye for near distance by means of monofocal lenses, using the method of monovision, c) We developed intraocular lenses which are based on the stenopeic principle (pinhole effect). d) We have even copied nature by manufacturing adaptive intraocular lenses, such as Crystalens, Fluidvision, and Juvene (LensGen). There are also the adaptive intraocular lens systems: Sapphire Intraocular Lens, manufactured by Elenza, VistaLens, manufactured by Vista Ocular (Ohio, US), as well as the adaptive TASC Project intraocular lens system manufactured by SAV-IOL, which we shall proceed to analyze in the framework of prior levels of technical progress.

[0006] Nevertheless, none of the above systems fully solves the problem of clear vision at all distances:

[0007] (a) the multifocal intraocular lens, trifocal intraocular lens, and extended depth-of-focus (EDOF) lens systems cause undesirable optical phenomena (dysphotopsias), such as glare and halos around lights, particularly in low lighting conditions, such as during night driving. Furthermore, the eyesight / visual acuity is not excellent at all focus distances.

[0008] (b) the technique of monovision, which uses monofocal lenses, is not well tolerated, especially by younger age groups (up to the age of fifty to sixty years) because it limits stereoscopic vision and diminishes the quality of distant vision.

[0009] (c) the pinhole mechanism causes a significant reduction in the peripheral field of vision of the eye, and, as a consequence, its use cannot be applied in terms of wider population numbers. (d) the artificial adaptive intraocular lens systems such as Crystalens, Fluidvision, and Juvehe (LensGen) attempt to imitate the adjustment of the shape and base curve of the normal human crystalline lens during the function of accommodation, based on the contraction and relaxation of the ciliary muscle of the eye (Figure 6 .6). This muscular function is responsible for the process of accommodation of the normal human crystalline lens in each individual eye. Unfortunately, these systems provide an accommodation range below +4 diopters (thus incapable of providing complete restoration of the accommodative ability of the eye). In addition, their operating mechanism largely depends on the existence, size, and quality of the lens capsule of the eye (Figure 6 .1), within which all artificial intraocular lenses are ideally applied (Figure 6 .5).

[0010] Prior to the description of the adaptive intraocular lenses which concern us in terms of prior levels of technical progress, we should proceed to a brief description of the accommodation reflex, in order to allow a better understanding of their function.

[0011] When we fix our gaze from a far target (Figure 7 b.6) to a near target (Figure 7 a.1 ) (Figure 7 b.1 ), three things occur, which are linked to each other and are collectively known as accommodation reflex: accommodative miosis (shrinking of the diameter of the pupil) (Figure 7 a.2), increase of base curvature (through the elongation of the anteroposterior axis) of the crystalline lens (lens accommodation) (Figure 7 b.2) through the contraction of the ciliary muscle (Figure 7 b.3) and convergence of the optical axes of both eyes, in order to be fixed on the same point of focus (accommodative convergence) (Figure 7 b.4). These three actions constitute the accommodative reflex, which helps in forming the same image on the macula (Figure 7 b.5) and on the respective points of the periphery of the retina in both eyes.

[0012] The adaptive intraocular lens systems which concern us in terms of prior levels of technical progress are Sapphire Intraocular Lens manufactured by Elenza (Figure 8), and VistaLens, manufactured by Vista Ocular (Ohio, US) (Figure 9), which, in order to be activated and produce the desired accommodative result, use electricity to change the refractive index (Pockels effect, or electro- optic effect) of the crystal in the optical body of the artificial intraocular lens (Figure 8.3) (Figure 9.1), without adjustment of the shape or base curvature of the optical body. The applicable refractive index of the crystal at a certain moment is what ultimately determines clear vision at the desired focus distance. The accommodation of the lens is therefore realized through the activation of an electroactive optical liquid crystal that is encapsulated inside an aspheric monofocal intraocular lens made of acrylic material.

[0013] More specifically, the electronic adaptive Sapphire Intraocular Lens system manufactured by Elenza (Figure 8) contains a photovoltaic cell equipped with light sensors (Figure 8.1 ), which monitors the dynamic behavior of the patient's pupil in relation to the function of accommodation (accommodative pupil miosis) (Figure 7.a.2). The lens contains integrated processors that recognize the size of the pupil in relation to lighting, and the rechargeable solid-state power cell (Figure 8.2) activates an optical liquid crystal system (Figure 8.3), allowing the change of the refractive index and the adaptation for near focus. In cases of focus for close distance (Figures 7.a.1 & 7.b.1), for example, when reading a book the light sensors are activated (triggered by the function of accommodative miosis, namely the diameter of the pupil shrinks, thus allowing less quantity of light to enter) (Figure 7.a.2) and ths capacity stored in the photovoltaic cells adapts the optical system for near vision. In cases of distant focus, the diameter of the pupil increases, allowing light to enter in greater quantities. The optical liquid crystal system is then deactivated (Figure 8.3) and focus is realized through the aspheric central optical section (Figure 8.4) which is programmed to a diopter power of *0.50 to +1.00, which is adequate for distant vision. The power cells can be recharged through encapsulated microcoils, and they can be recharged during nighttime through a mask that the patient wears over the area of the eyes. The liquid crystals, electronic components, and power cells are seated in a hermetic and impermeable manner inside a capsule that is surrounded by acrylic material (electroactive liquid crystal encapsulated inside an aspheric monofocal intraocular lens). The disadvantage of this intraocular lens system is that it depends on the size of the pupil, which is very variable and changes with age. Moreover, it requires external charging.

[0014] The electronic VistaLens adaptive intraocular lens system manufactured by Vista Ocular (Ohio, US) (Figure 9) functions by means of electrical excitement of the crystal in the optical body (Figure 9.1) through a mechanism that is based on the contraction of the ciliary muscle (Figure 6.6) (Figure 7 b.3) which occurs during the normal accommodation of the eye. With the aid of sensors (Figure 9.2) installed in the haptics (Figure 9.4) of the intraocular lens, this system uses the potential of muscle action (and not movement) as trigger for the activation of the electrical mechanism of the intraocular lens, which produces accommodation through the change of the refractive index of the crystal in the optical body (Figure 9.1), The electrically excited liquid crystal modifies its refractive index, and, as a consequence, its dioptric power changes upon electrical excitement of the crystal in the optical body of the artificial intraocular lens (without adjustment of the shape or the base curvature of the intraocular lens). A closed conductor loop (Figure 9.3) passes through the liquid crystal and the refractive index (power) of the crystal is modified under the influence of the variations in the electric charge.

[0015] The disadvantage of this intraocular lens system is that it depends on the potential of the ciliary muscle during accommodative contraction, which is neither stable, nor predictable for the dynamic process of accommodation for various points of focus of the gaze in the visual area. A further disadvantage lies also in the fact that this lens system is applied solely in the sulcus of the ciliary muscle (Figure 6.2) (directly in front of and not within the capsular bag) (Figure 6.1 , Figure 6 .5), in order to come Into contact with the ciliary muscle (Figure 6.6). Lastly, it requires external charging. in terms of prior levels of technical progress, we are also interested in the TASC Project adaptive intraocular lens system manufactured by SAV-iOL (Figure 10), which imitates the adjustment of the shape and base curvature of the norma! human crystalline lens during accommodation (Figure 7 b.2) (Figure 10.7) and is supplied with power from solar energy (solar cells) (Figure 10.1) in conjunction with the induction effect (module of energy storage) (Figure 10.2). The use of solar energy as power source and the induction effect set off the autofocus system of the intraocular lens (Figure 10.3) by employing sensors for the detection of the distance of objects found in the area (antenna) (Figure 10.4). The autofocus system of the intraocular lens (Figure 10.3) transmits signals to the module of signal processing and power management (Figure 10.5) which sets off the lens actuator (Figure 10.6). The lens actuator (Figure 10.6) sets off micropumps inside the optical body of the intraocular lens (varifocal lens) (Figure 10.7). These micropumps, through the displacement of liquid contained in the varifocal lens, adjust the base curvature and the anteroposterior thickness of the optical body of the intraocular lens (varifocal lens) (Figure 10.7). This occurs in a manner similar to the increase of base curve and anteroposterior thickness of the normal crystalline lens during the process of accommodation (Figure 7 b.2). In fact, this takes place in real time in a process that transpires in 0.2 seconds, which is the speed that is equal to the speed of accommodation of a healthy human eye.

[0016] This intraocular lens is iris-fixated (Figure 6,3) and not inserted in the capsular bag (Figure 6.1 ) (Figure 6.5). It is fixated with "clamps" (iris claws) (Figure 10.8) on the iris (Figure 6.3) and applied on the anterior chamber (Figure 6.4) for the purpose of coming into contact with solar radiation.

[0017] The adaptive intraocular lens systems Sapphire IOL, manufactured by Elenza (Figure 8) and VistaLens, manufactured by Vista Ocular (Figure 9) both require external charging in order to remain in operation. Furthermore, the adaptive intraocular lens system TASC Project manufactured by SAV-IOL (Figure 10) requires the use of solar energy for its charging. In this new proposed array of artificial adaptive intraocular lenses, the operating apparatus is supplied with power from the binocular interaction (Figure 11) (Figure 12) (Figure 5) and the normal and balanced movement between the two eyes during the process of accommodative convergence (Figure 7 b.4), and the system requires no external charging, nor the use of solar energy in order to operate.

[0018] The accommodation reflex is based on three parameters, two of which, namely accommodative miosis (Figure 7 a.2) and the increase of base curvature of the crystalline lens through the contraction of the ciliary muscle (lens accommodation) (Figure 7 b.2) have already been used in various inventions for the purpose of solving the problem of near vision after implantation of an artificial intraocular lens. The third parameter of the accommodation reflex, namely the accommodative convergence of the eyes (Figure 7 b.4), remains so far unexploited for solving the problem, and it constitutes the parameter on which this invention is based.

[0019] The variation of the relative distances (Figure 11.1 ) (Figure 11.2) (Figure 12.1) (Figure 12.2) between the artificial intraocular lenses (Figure 11.3) (Figure 12.3) during the movements of the orbs of the eyes throughout the process of accommodative convergence (Figure 7 b.4) follows specific rules in the primary (Figure 1) and lateral (Figure 2) gaze positions, and this can be used as element for the parameterization of the operating apparatus of the proposed array of artificial adaptive intraocular lenses in order to enable focus on different distances in the area of vision.

[0020] The aim of this invention is to construct an array of artificial adaptive intraocular lenses for the correction of presbyopia, and also for the achievement of clear vision at any distance in an area, from far to near focus, by means of exploiting the mechanism of accommodative convergence of the eyes (Figure 7 b.4) during the accommodation reflex. As a consequence, the purpose of this invention is the development of an array of artificial adaptive intraocular lenses, the operating apparatus of which is based on and supplied with power from the binocular interaction between the artificial intraocular lenses, a feature which fully differentiates these lenses from the so far existing artificial intraocular lens systems.

[0021] The solution to this problem is achieved in accordance with the invention by means of the features which are stated in claim 1.

[0022] More specifically, the proposal concerns an array of artificial adaptive intraocular lenses, the operating apparatus of which is based on binocular interaction and the reflex of accommodative convergence, and which are denoted by the fact that the new artificial intraocular lenses require implantation in both eyes (bilateral pseudophakia) (Figure 11.3). In this array of artificial adaptive intraocular lenses, each intraocular lens shall be equipped with biocompatible non-cytotoxic material (microchip with magnetic nanoparticles) that carries electromagnetic qualities (Figure 3.1) (Figure 4.1) (Figure 5.1 ). A conductor (Figure 3.2) (Figure 4.2) (Figure 5.2) passing through the microchip shall form a closed loop. The variation in the distance between the artificial intraocular lenses during the movements of convergence (Figure 11.2) (Figure 12.2) and divergence of the eyes (Figure 11.1) (Figure 12.1) (Figure 5,3) (Figure 1) (Figure 2) modify the strength and the phase of the electromagnetic field between the microchips of the two artificial intraocular lenses (Figure 5.4), causing the generation of an electric charge (voltage) at the ends of the conductor (Figure 5.5) (Figure 3.3) (Figure 4.3) which results in the flow of electric current (Figure 5.6) (Figure 3.4) (Figure 4.4) through the closed loop due to the induced voltage and in accordance with the effect of electromagnetic induction.

[0023] The eiectric charge (voltage) at the ends of the conductor (Figure 5.5) (Figure 3.3) (Figure 4.3) and the electric current flowing through the closed loop of the conductor (Figure 5.6) (Figure 3.4) (Figure 4.4) can be used in the proposed array of artificial adaptive intraocular lenses in the three following modes: (A), (B), (C). (A) In the first mode, the electric charge (voltage) at the ends of the conductor (Figure 3.3) (Figure 5.5) and the electric current that flows through the closed loop of the conductor (Figure 3.4) (Figure 5.6) are used in the proposed array of artificial adaptive intraocular lenses (Figure 3), which are denoted by the fact that they are based on an electrically excited apparatus and consist of biocompatible non-cytotoxic transparent liquid crystal (Figure 3.5) that is similar to the electrically excited liquid crystal in the Sapphire IOL electronic adaptive intraocular lens system manufactured by Elenza (Figure 8.3). The electrically excited liquid crystal modifies its refractive index, and, as a consequence, its dioptric power changes upon electrical excitement of the crystal in the optical body of the artificial intraocular lens (without adjustment in the shape or the base curvature of the intraocular lens). A closed conductor loop (Figure 3.2) (Figure 5.2) passes through the liquid crystal (Figure 3.5) and the refractive index (power) of the crystal is modified under the influence of the variations in the electric charge (Pockels effect, or electro-optic effect).

[0024] The induced increase in refractive index due to electric current flow enhances the ability to focus on near objects. The applicable refractive index of the crystal at a certain moment is what ultimately determines clear vision at the desired focus distance. The liquid crystal (Figure 3.5), the microchip with the magnetic nanoparticles (Figure 3.1) (Figure 5.1), the conductor and the closed loop formed by the conductor (Figure 3.2) (Figure 5.2) are all hermetically and tightly sealed within a capsule that is surrounded by acrylic material and encapsulated inside an aspheric monofocal intraocular lens (Figure 3). This intraocular lens is applied within the capsular bag (Figure 6.1) (Figure 6.5) of the eye, yet it may also be applied in front of the capsule, in the area of the sulcus of the ciliary muscle (Figure 6.2).

[0025] The operating apparatus of this array of artificial adaptive intraocular lenses is supplied with power (Figure 5) that is generated from the binocular interaction and the normal and balanced movement between the eyes during the process of accommodative convergence (Figure 5.3) (Figure 7 a.1) (Figure 7 b.4) (Figure 11.2) (Figure 12.2) (Figure 1) (Figure 2) and the system requires no external charging in order to operate. (B) In the second mode, the electric charge (voltage) at the ends of the conductor (Figure 3.3) (Figure 5.5) and the electric current that flows through the closed loop of the conductor (Figure 3.4) (Figure 5.6) are used in the proposed array of artificial adaptive intraocular lenses (Figure 3), which are denoted by the fact that they are on based on an electrically excited apparatus and consist of biocompatible non-cytotoxic transparent liquid crystal (Figure 3.5) that is similar to the electrically excited liquid crystal in the VistaLens adaptive intraocular lens system manufactured by Vista Ocular (Figure 9.1). The electrically excited liquid crystal modifies its refractive index, and, as a consequence, its dioptric power changes upon electrical excitement of the crystal in the optical body of the intraocular lens (Figure 3 .5) (without adjustment of the shape or the base curvature of the intraocular lens). A closed conductor loop (Figure 3,2) (Figure 5.2) passes through the liquid crystal (Figure 3.5) and the refractive index (power) of the crystal is modified under the influence of the variations in the electric charge (Pockels effect, or electro-optic effect). The induced increase in refractive index due to electric current flow enhances the ability to focus on near objects. The applicable refractive index of the crystal at a certain moment is what ultimately determines clear vision at the desired focus distance. The liquid crystal (Figure 3 .5), the microchip with the magnetic nanoparticles (Figure 3.1) (Figure 5.1), the conductor and the closed loop formed by the conductor (Figure 3 .2) (Figure 5 .2) are all hermetically and tightly sealed within a capsule that is surrounded by acrylic material and encapsulated inside an aspheric monofocal intraocular lens (Figure 3). This intraocular lens is applied within the capsular bag (Figure 6.1) (Figure 6.5) of the eye, yet it may also be applied in front of the capsule, in the area of the sulcus of the ciliary muscle (Figure 6,2). The operating apparatus of this array of artificial adaptive intraocular lenses is supplied with power (Figure 5) from the binocular interaction and the normal and balanced movement between the two eyes during the process of accommodative convergence (Figure 5,3) (Figure 7 a.1) (Figure 7 b.4) (Figure 11.2) (Figure 12.2) (Figure 1) (Figure 2) and the system requires no external charging in order to operate. (C) In the third mode, the electric charge (voltage) at the ends of the conductor (Figure 4,3) (Figure 5.5) and the electric current that flows through the closed loop of the conductor (Figure 4.4) (Figure 5.6) are used in the proposed array of artificial adaptive intraocular lenses (Figure 4), which are denoted by the fact that they are based on an electrically excited apparatus and consist of an interna! mechanism for the adjustment of the shape (increase of anteroposterior thickness) and the base curvature of the adaptive intraocular lens similar to the internal mechanism of the adaptive artificial TASC Project intraocular lens manufactured by SAV-IOL (Figure 10). The new intraocular lens (Figure 4) imitates the adjustment of the shape (increase of anterioposterior thickness) and the base curvature of the normal human crystalline lens during accommodation (Figure 7 b.2) (Figure 4.6). Its operation is supplied with power from the electric charge (voltage) at the ends of the conductor (Figure 4.3) (Figure 5.5) and the current that flows through the closed loop of the conductor (Figure 4.4) (Figure 5.6) and uses this mechanism to transmit signals to the module of signal processing and power management (Figure 4.5). The module of signal processing and power management (Figure 4.5) sets off the lens actuator (Figure 4.7). The lens actuator (Figure 4.7) sets off micropumps inside the optical body of the intraocular lens (varifocal lens) (Figure 4.6). The micropumps, through the displacement of liquid contained in the varifocal lens, adjust the base curvature and the anteroposterior thickness of the optical body of the intraocular lens (varifocal lens) (Figure 4.6). This occurs in a manner similar to the Increase of base curvature and anteroposterior thickness of the normal crystalline lens during the process of accommodation (Figure 7.b.2) In fact, it takes place in real time in a process that transpires in 0.2 seconds, which is the speed that is equal to the speed of accommodation of a healthy human eye.

[0026] In the proposed array of artificial adaptive intraocular lenses, the operating apparatus is supplied with power (Figure 5) generated from the binocular interaction and the normal and balanced movement between the eyes during the process of accommodative convergence (Figure 5.3) (Figure 7.a.1) (Figure 7.b.4) (Figure 11.2) (Figure 12.2) (Figure 1) (Figure 2) and the system requires no external charging or the use of soiar energy in order to operate. The new intraocular lens (Figure 4) is not equipped with the modules of the adaptive TASC Project intraocular lens manufactured by SAV-IOL (Figure 10):

[0027] Solar ceils (Figure 10.1), module of energy storage (Figure 10.2), antenna (Figure 10.4) and autofocus system (Figure 10.3), although it retains the modules: Varifocal Sens (Figure 4.6) (Figure 10.7), lens actuator (Figure 4 .7) (Figure 10.6), module of signal processing and power management (Figure 4.5) (Figure 10.5).

[0028] The new intraocular lens can be iris-fixated (Figure 6.3), but it can also be applied within the capsular bag of the eye (Figure 6.1) (Figure 6.5), due to the fact that it requires no application on the anterior chamber (Figure 6.4) in order to come into contact with solar radiation.

[0029] The dioptric power of the new artificial adaptive intraocular lenses In the new proposed array of artificial adaptive intraocular lenses can be calculated through the same mode of calculating intraocular lens power that is employed to this date (e.g. use of lOLMaster device and / or A-scan ultrasonography).

[0030] The additional aspect of accommodation in diopters contains the calculation of the relative distance (Figure 11.1) (Figure 12.1) of the surfaces of the artificial intraocular lenses (Figure 11.3) (Figure 12.3) between the right and the left eye in the primary gaze position (Figure 1) (Figure 11.1) and in the lateral gaze positions (Figure 2) during far focus (Figure 7 b.6) and near focus (Figure 7 a.1) (Figure 7 b.1), taking into consideration the fact that these distances vary for each person.

Claims

AMENDED CLAIMS received by the International Bureau on 17 November 2024 (17.11.2024)1. An array of artificial adaptive intraocular lenses, the operating modus of which is based on binocular interaction and the accommodative convergence reflex of the eyes i. the Sapphire Intraocular Lens by Elenza (8), the VistaLens by Vista Ocular, Ohio, US, (9), and the TASC Project adaptive intraocular lens system by SAV-IOL (10) are all electrically activated adaptive intraocular lenses, with mechanisms of activation distinct from the present invention and operate without interaction between the left and right eye. ii. the array of the new artificial adaptive intraocular lenses, characterized in that their operating modus is based on binocular interaction (11.3) (12.3) (5) and the accommodative convergence reflex of the eyes and are denoted by the inclusion of a microchip, one microchip used for each intraocular lens for each eye, that contains magnetic nanoparticles that carry electromagnetic properties and is biocompatible non-cytotoxic material (5.1 ) (3.1 ) (4.1 ). A conductor connected to the microchip forms a closed loop (5.2) (3.2), (4.2), the change in the distance between the microchips of the artificial intraocular lenses of the right and left eye during the movements of convergence (5.3) (11.2) (12.2) and divergence (5.3) (11.1 ) (12.1 ) between the eyes changes both the strength and the phase of the electromagnetic field (5.4) between the two microchips (5.1 ) (3.1 ) (4.1) of the two artificial intraocular lenses, these microchips being the ones used for each intraocular lens for each eye interacting with eachother. This change in the strength and phase of the electromagnetic field (5.4) causes the generation of an electric charge, voltage, at the ends of the conductor (5.5) (3.3), (4.3), which results in the flow of electric current (5.6) (3.4) (4.4) through the closed loop of the conductor (5.2) (3.2) (4.2) due to the induced voltage and in accordance with the electromagnetic induction effect.AMENDED SHEET (ARTICLE 19)2. An array of artificial adaptive intraocular lenses according to claim 1 , which are denoted by the fact that their operating modus is based on and supplied with power generated from the binocular interaction (5.3) (5.4) between the artificial intraocular lens of the right eye and the artificial intraocular lens of the left eye (11.3) through the variation in the distance between the intraocular lenses during the movement of accommodative convergence of the optical axes of the two eyes (7.b.4) (5.3) (11 .2) (12.2) for the purpose of near focus in the field of vision (7.a.1) (7.b.1 ). This feature fully differentiates these lenses from the so far existing artificial intraocular lens systems.

3. An array of artificial adaptive intraocular lenses in accordance with claims 1 and 2, which are denoted by the fact that the electric charge, voltage, at the ends of the conductor (5.5) (3.3) (4.3) and the electric current that flows (5.6) (3.4) (4.4) through the closed loop of the conductor (5.2) (3.2) (4.2) further activate the electrically-excited operating modus of the new artificial adaptive intraocular lenses (5) (3) (4) which are applied on the right and left eye, respectively.

4. An array of artificial adaptive intraocular lenses in accordance with claims 1 , 2, and 3, which are denoted by the capacity of further application of the so far described mechanism in three modes: (A), (B) and (C).

5. An array of artificial adaptive intraocular lenses in accordance with claims 1 , 2, 3, and 4 which are denoted by the fact that they constitute the first (A) mode of application and consist of biocompatible non- cytotoxic transparent liquid crystal (3.5) similar to the electrically excited liquid crystal used in the electronic adaptive Sapphire Intraocular Lens system manufactured by Elenza (8.3).

6. An array of artificial adaptive intraocular lenses in accordance with claims 1 to 5, which is denoted by the fact that the electrically-excitedAMENDED SHEET (ARTICLE 19)liquid crystal changes its refractive index, and, as a consequence, its dioptric power upon electrical excitation of the crystal in the optical body of the intraocular lens (3.5), without adjustment of the shape or the base curve of the intraocular lens.

7. An array of artificial adaptive intraocular lenses in accordance with at least one of the previous claims, which are denoted by the fact that the closed loop of the conductor (3.2) (5.2) passes through the liquid crystal (3.5) and the refractive index, power of the crystal is modified under the influence of the variations in the electric charge in accordance with the Pockels effect, or electro-optic effect. The increase of the refractive index enhances the ability to focus on near objects, the applicable refractive index of the crystal at a certain moment is what ultimately determines clear vision at the desired focus distance.

8. An array of artificial adaptive intraocular lenses in accordance with at least one of the previous claims, which are denoted by the fact that the liquid crystal (3.5), the microchip that contains the magnetic nanoparticles (3.1 ) (5.1 ), the conductor and the closed loop formed by the conductor (3.2) (5.2) are all hermetically and tightly sealed within a capsule that is surrounded by acrylic material and they are encapsulated inside an aspheric monofocal intraocular lens (3).

9. An array of artificial adaptive intraocular lenses in accordance with at least one of the previous claims, which are denoted by the fact that the operating modus is supplied with power (5) generated from the binocular interaction and the normal and balanced movement between the eyes during the process of accommodative convergence (5.3) (7a.1 ) (7b.4) (11.2) (12.2) (1 ) (2) and the system requires no external charging in order to operate.

10. An array of artificial adaptive intraocular lenses in accordance withAMENDED SHEET (ARTICLE 19)claims 1 , 2, 3, and 4, which are denoted by the fact that they constitute the second (B) mode of application, and they consist of a biocompatible non-cytotoxic transparent liquid crystal (3.5) similar to the electrically-excited liquid crystal used in the electronic VistaLens adaptive intraocular lens system manufactured by Vista Ocular (9.1 ).

11. An array of artificial adaptive intraocular lenses in accordance with claims 1 , 2, 3, 4, and 11 which are denoted by the fact that the electrically-excited liquid crystal modifies its refractive index, and, as a consequence, its dioptric power changes upon electrical excitement of the crystal in the optical body of the intraocular lens (3.5), without adjustment of the shape or the base curve of the intraocular lens.

12. An array of artificial adaptive intraocular lenses in accordance with at least one of the previous claims, which are denoted by the fact that the closed loop of the conductor (3.2) (5.2) passes through the liquid crystal (3.5) and the refractive index, power of the crystal is modified under the influence of variations in the electric charge in accordance with the Pockels effect, or electro-optic effect. The increase of the refractive index enhances the ability to focus on near objects, the applicable refractive index of the crystal at a certain moment is what ultimately determines clear vision at the desired focus distance.

13. An array of artificial adaptive intraocular lenses in accordance with at least one of the previous claims, which are denoted by the fact that the liquid crystal (3.5), the microchip that contains the magnetic nanoparticles (3.1 ) (5.1 ), the conductor and the closed loop formed by the conductor (3.2) (5.2) are all hermetically and tightly sealed within a capsule that is surrounded by acrylic material and encapsulated inside an aspheric monofocal intraocular lens (3).

14. An array of artificial adaptive intraocular lenses in accordance with at least one of the previous claims, which are denoted by the fact thatAMENDED SHEET (ARTICLE 19)the operating modus is supplied with power (5) generated from the binocular interaction and the normal and balanced movement between the eyes during the process of accommodative convergence (5.3) (7a.1) (7b.4) (11.2) (12.2) (1 ) (2) and the system requires no external charging in order to operate.

15. An array of artificial adaptive intraocular lenses in accordance with claims 1 , 2, 3, and 4 which are denoted by the fact that they constitute the third (C) mode of application and consist of an internal mechanism for the adjustment of the shape, increase of anteroposterior thickness, and the base curve of the adaptive intraocular lens similar to the internal mechanism of the adaptive artificial TASC Project intraocular lens system manufactured by SAV-IOL (10).

16. An array of artificial adaptive intraocular lenses in accordance with at least one of the previous claims, which are denoted by the fact that the operation of the new intraocular lens is supplied with power from the electric charge, voltage, at the ends of the conductor (4.3) (5.5) and the electrical current that flows through the closed loop of the conductor (4.4) (5.6) and this mechanism transmits signals to the module of Signal Processing and Power Management (4.5).

17. An array of artificial adaptive intraocular lenses in accordance with at least one of the previous claims, which are denoted by the fact that the module of Signal Processing and Power Management (4.5) activates the Lens Actuator (4.7).

18. An array of artificial adaptive intraocular lenses in accordance with at least one of the previous claims, which are denoted by the fact that the Lens Actuator (4.7) activates micropumps found inside the optical body of the intraocular lens, varifocal lens (4.6).

19. An array of artificial adaptive intraocular lenses in accordance withAMENDED SHEET (ARTICLE 19)at least one of the previous claims, which are denoted by the fact that the micropumps generate a displacement of the liquid found inside the varifocal lens (4.6), thus adjusting the base curve and the anteroposterior thickness of the optical body of the intraocular lens (4.6), this occurs in a manner similar to the increase of base curve and anteroposterior thickness of the normal crystalline lens during the process of accommodation (7.b.2) and takes place in real-time in a process that transpires in 0.2 seconds, which is the speed that is equal to the speed of accommodation of a healthy human eye.

20. An array of artificial adaptive intraocular lenses in accordance with at least one of the previous claim, which are denoted by the fact that the operating modus is supplied with energy (5) from the binocular interaction and the normal and balanced movement between the two eyes during the process of accommodative convergence (5.3) (7.a.1) (7.b.4) (11.2) (12.2) (1 ) (2) and the system requires no external charging or the use of solar energy in order to operate.21 . An array of artificial adaptive intraocular lenses in accordance with at least one of the previous claims, which are denoted by the fact that the new intraocular lens (4) retains the modules of the adaptive TASC Project intraocular lens manufactured by SAV-IOL (10): Varifocal Lens (4 .6) (10.7), Lens Actuator (4.7) (10.6), module of Signal Processing and Power Management (4.5) (10.5).AMENDED SHEET (ARTICLE 19)Statement Under Article 19According to the certain defects and certain observations of the international application, the following changes were made:• The amendment to claim 1 was made to comply with Rule 6.3(b), separating the independent claim into a two-part form.• Changes were made to all claims except claim 4, as requested, regarding the manner in which the reference signs of the features are written, in accordance with Rule 6.2(b).• Most full stops and parentheses were removed from the claims to conform to patent language requirements.• It was clarified that the microchip contains nanoparticles and not comprises by them.• It was specified that the interaction occurs between two microchips, each placed in an artificial intraocular lens in each eye.• The term "operating apparatus" was replaced with the more accurate term "operating modus," a change also reflected in the title without altering the overall meaning of the title.• It was clarified that the conductor is connected to the microchip.• In claim 1, the phrase "it requires the implantation of the new artificial intraocular lens in both the left and right eye" was removed because it is not a feature of an intraocular lens, without affecting the overall meaning of the claim.