USE OF PROBES FOR THE DETECTION OF TOXINOGENIC CYANOBACTERIA, DETECTION METHOD AND CORRESPONDING KITS

Abstract

The present invention relates to the use of probes for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria, a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria, and corresponding kits. (no figure)

Description

Title of the invention: USE OF PROBES FOR THE DETECTION OF TOXINOGENIC CYANOBACTERIA, DETECTION METHOD AND CORRESPONDING KITS

[0001] The present invention relates to the use of probes for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria, a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria and corresponding kits.

[0002] Recreational waters, aquaculture production sites, and drinking water are frequently and increasingly affected by toxin-producing cyanobacteria. These bacteria pose a real threat to human health, economic activities, and the environment because they produce highly harmful toxins that contaminate natural drinking water reservoirs and also jeopardize all water-related economic activities, such as fish farming, boating, and tourism. Monitoring freshwater quality is therefore a crucial economic and environmental issue.

[0003] Currently, early warning systems for freshwater contamination by cyanobacteria are not suitable for monitoring water quality and the proper functioning of ecosystems. In this context, anticipating risks is crucial for the sustainable management of water resources, particularly natural reservoirs, for drinking water supply and the security of long-term economic activities. Rapid, reliable, and sensitive identification of the toxin-producing cyanobacteria involved is therefore essential for effective monitoring and anticipation of blooms in the sectors concerned.

[0004] Current methods for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria are primarily based on microscopic analysis. However, these methods are lengthy and tedious, relying on the identification and enumeration of cyanobacteria. Identification requires significant expertise directly dependent on the operator, who must possess in-depth knowledge of phytoplankton as well as extensive experience in the taxonomic identification of cyanobacteria, resulting in a degree of uncertainty in the results.

[0005] Alert thresholds are now based on the identification and quantification of toxin-producing cyanobacteria at concentrations of 20,000 cells / mL for drinking water and 100,000 cells / mL for recreational waters according to WHO recommendations (Afsset report 2006).

[0006] Existing tools for monitoring cyanobacteria populations in aquatic reservoirs are general-purpose and include spectro-fluorimetric probes submersibles and buoys continuously measuring the physico-chemical parameters of the water and meteorological parameters in relation to phytoplankton blooms.

[0007] The development of effective and rapid tests to monitor the microbial quality of water is an essential step in anticipating the risks of contamination of the water resource by toxinogenic cyanobacteria.

[0008] Sandwich hybridization (SHA) is a technique known to those skilled in the art and consists of detecting a nucleic acid of a target species using both a capture probe immobilized on a solid support and a signal probe, both of which are specific to the nucleic acid of the target species. The presence of the target nucleic acid leads to the formation of a complex consisting of the capture probe, the nucleic acid of the target species, and the signal probe. Various detection methods can then be used to reveal the presence of the complex.

[0009] There is therefore a need for rapid, sensitive and reliable techniques to detect the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria in various aquatic environments.

[0010] One of the aims of the invention is therefore to provide reliable, sensitive and rapid tools for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria.

[0011] A first aspect of the invention relates to the use of nucleotide probes for the implementation of a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria.

[0012] A second aspect of the invention relates to pairs of probes for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria.

[0013] A third aspect of the invention relates to probes for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria.

[0014] A fourth aspect of the invention relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria.

[0015] A fifth aspect of the invention relates to kits for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria.

[0016] A sixth aspect of the invention relates to devices for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria.

[0017] The present invention is based on the use of special probes and the implementation of the sandwich hybridization technique in order to specifically detect and quantify the nucleic acids of toxinogenic cyanobacteria cells possibly present in a fresh, brackish or industrial water environment at a very low detection threshold and in a time of less than 1 hour.

[0018] Thus, the present invention provides an early warning means to anticipate contamination of fresh, brackish or industrial water by toxin-producing cyanobacteria.

[0019] The novelty and inventive aspect of the invention lies in the development of probes capable of highly sensitively recognizing and hybridizing the ribosomal nucleic acids of the large or small subunits of targeted active toxin-producing cyanobacteria in less than one hour. Targeting the ribosomal nucleic acids allows for the detection of only live toxin-producing cyanobacteria cells, i.e., cyanobacteria capable of growth and proliferation, representing a major potential toxin-producing risk. Using a calibration curve, it is then possible to determine the quantity of RNA from the toxin-producing cyanobacteria and, by extrapolation, the number of cells present in a sample.

[0020] In a first aspect, the present invention relates to the use of at least one pair of specific probes for toxinogenic cyanobacteria for the implementation of a method for detecting at least one toxinogenic cyanobacterium chosen from the group consisting of Microcystis, Anabaena, Dolichospermum, Aphanizomenon, Nodularia, Planktothrix and Cylindrospermopsis.

[0021] According to the present invention, the limit of detection of ribosomal RNA of the cyanobacteria listed above is 0.5 ng / mL, which corresponds, depending on the type of cyanobacterium, to a limit of detection equivalent to 10 to 20 cells per millilitre (cells / mL).

[0022] More particularly, the present invention relates to the use of at least one pair of probes specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis for the implementation of a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3 and SEQ ID NO: 4) (SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6 and SEQ ID NO: 7) (SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10 and SEQ ID NO: 11) (SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14) (SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16 and SEQ ID NO: 17) (SEQ ID NO: 18 and SEQ ID NO: 19)

[0023] x being 2, 3 or 4

[0024] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19,

[0025] one probe of said pair being a capture probe linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence,

[0026] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis possibly present in said sample in order to form a complex.

[0027] In the present invention, "toxigenic cyanobacteria" refers to cyanobacteria capable of producing toxins that cause food poisoning, paralysis, amnesia, skin irritation, or fever. Toxigenic cyanobacteria can be of various genera. The probes used in the present invention allow the detection of toxigenic cyanobacteria of the genera Microcystis, Anabaena, Dolichospermum, Aphanizomenon, Nodularia, Planktothrix, and Cylindrospermopsis.

[0028] The classification of cyanobacteria is constantly evolving, and the classification of a cyanobacterium into one genus rather than another varies depending on the references considered. In the case of the present invention, the classification of cyanobacteria was carried out according to the following articles: - "Taxonomie consequences from the combined molecular and phenotype evaluation of selected Anabaena and Aphanizomenon strain". Rajaniemi, Pirjo; Komarek, Jin; Willame, Raphael; Hrouzek, Pavel; Kastowski, Clara; Hoffmann, Lucien; Sivonen, Kaarina, Algological Studies, Volume 117, Number 1, October 2005, pp. 371-391(21) - "Phylogenetic and morphological evaluation of the genera Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Trichormus and Nostoc (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria)". Rajaniemi P, Hrouzek P, Kastowska K, Willame R, Rantala A, Hoffmann L, Komarek J, Sivonen K. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55(1):11-26 - "Taxonomie re-evaluation of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae NH-5 based on morphology and 16S rRNA gene sequences". Renhui Li, Wayne W. Carmichael, Yongding Liu, Makoto M. Watanabe, Hydrobiologia, November 2000, Volume 438, Issue 1-3, pp 99-105 - "An update to modern taxonomy (2011) of freshwater planktic heterocytous cyanobacteria". Jin Komarek, Jan Mares, Phytoplankton responses to human impacts at different scales pp 327-351

[0029] In all aspects of the invention, for example, "a pair of probes [...], the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQID NO: 3 or SEQ ID NO: 4)", means the following pairs of probes: SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2 SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 3 SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 4 SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ ID NO: 3 SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ ID NO: 4 SEQ ID NO: 3 and SEQ ID NO: 4.

[0030] Similarly, "a pair of probes [...], the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6 and SEQ ID NO: 7)", refers to the following pairs of probes: SEQ ID NO: 5 and SEQ ID NO: 6 SEQ ID NO: 5 and SEQ ID NO: 7 SEQ ID NO: 6 and SEQ ID NO: 7

[0031] Similarly, "a pair of probes [...], the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 18 and SEQ ID NO: 19)", refers to the following pair of probes: SEQ ID NO: 18 and SEQ ID NO: 19

[0032] The same reasoning can be applied to obtain all the probe pairs described above. This reasoning applies to all aspects and embodiments of the present invention.

[0033] In this embodiment, the invention also relates to the use of at least one pair of probes specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis for the implementation of a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3 and SEQ ID NO: 4) (SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6 and SEQ ID NO: 7) (SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10 and SEQ ID NO: 11) (SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14) (SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16 and SEQ ID NO: 17) (SEQ ID NO: 18 and SEQ ID NO: 19)

[0034] x being 2, 3 or 4,

[0035] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19,

[0036] one probe of said pair being a capture probe linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence

[0037] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis possibly present in said sample in order to form a complex,

[0038] the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis being 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA.

[0039] As previously stated, a minimum detection threshold for the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis of 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0040] In this embodiment, the invention also relates to the use of at least one pair of probes specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis for implementing a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3 and SEQ ID NO: 4) (SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6 and SEQ ID NO: 7) (SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10 and SEQ ID NO: 11) (SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14) (SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16 and SEQ ID NO: 17) (SEQ ID NO: 18 and SEQ ID NO: 19)

[0041] x being 2, 3 or 4,

[0042] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19,

[0043] one probe of said pair being a capture probe bound to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe bound to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence

[0044] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis possibly present in said sample in order to form a complex,

[0045] the duration of the implementation of said detection method being less than one hour.

[0046] In this embodiment, the invention also relates to the use of a minus one pair of probes specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis as described above in which the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA and the duration of the implementation of said detection method is less than one hour.

[0047] According to this embodiment, the invention also relates to the use of at least one pair of probes specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis as described above for the implementation of a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis, wherein the probe sequences of said pairs are as follows: (SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2), (SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 3), (SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 4), (SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ ID NO: 3), (SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ ID NO: 4), (SEQ ID NO: 3 and SEQ ID NO: 4) (SEQ ID NO: 5 and SEQ ID NO: 6), (SEQ ID NO: 5 and SEQ ID NO: 7), (SEQ ID NO: 6 and SEQ ID NO: 7) (SEQ ID NO: 8 and SEQ ID NO: 9), (SEQ ID NO: 8 and SEQ ID NO: 10), (SEQ ID NO: 8 and SEQ ID NO: 11), (SEQ ID NO: 9 and SEQ ID NO: 10), (SEQ ID NO: 9 and SEQ ID NO: 11), (SEQ ID NO: 10 and SEQ ID NO: 11) (SEQ ID NO: 12 and SEQ ID NO: 13), (SEQ ID NO: 12 and SEQ ID NO: 14), (SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14) (SEQ ID NO: 15 and SEQ ID NO: 16), (SEQ ID NO: 15 and SEQ ID NO: 17), (SEQ ID NO: 16 and SEQ ID NO: 17) (SEQ ID NO: 18 and SEQ ID NO: 19)

[0048] In addition to the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis, the present invention relates, in addition to the use of at least one pair of probes specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis, to the use of at least one pair of probes specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria chosen from the group consisting of Anabaena, Dolichospermum, Aphanizomenon, Nodularia, Planktothrix, and Cylindrospermopsis.

[0049] Thus, the invention relates to the use as described above for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis (incarnation A) further comprising the use of at least one pair of probes specific toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Aphanizomenon for the implementation of a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis and / or Aphanizomenon, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21 and SEQ ID NO: 22) (SEQ ID NO: 23 and SEQ ID NO: 24)

[0050] x being 2 or 3,

[0051] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24,

[0052] a probe of said pair being a capture probe linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence

[0053] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon possibly present in said sample.

[0054] In a particular embodiment, the invention also relates to the use of at least one pair of probes specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Aphanizomenon as described above for implementing a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon, wherein the probe sequences of said pairs are as follows: (SEQ ID NO: 20 and SEQ ID NO: 21), (SEQ ID NO: 20 and SEQ ID NO: 22), (SEQ ID NO: 21 and SEQ ID NO: 22) (SEQ ID NO: 23 and SEQ ID NO: 24)

[0055] As previously for the detection of Microcystis according to embodiment A, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA, which also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0056] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection method is less than one hour.

[0057] Thus, embodiment B allows the detection of Microcystis and Aphanizomenon through the use of probes specific toxinogenic cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis and Aphanizomenon.

[0058] Similarly, the invention also relates to one of the uses as described above according to embodiment A or according to embodiment B, further comprising the use of at least one pair of probes specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Dolichospermum for the implementation of a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis and / or Dolichospermum, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 25 and SEQ ID NO: 26)

[0059] x being 2,

[0060] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26,

[0061] a probe of said pair being a capture probe linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence

[0062] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Dolichospermum possibly present in said sample.

[0063] As previously for embodiments A and B, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Dolichospermum is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA, which also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0064] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection method is less than one hour.

[0065] Thus, embodiment C allows the detection of: - Cl: Mycrocystis and Dolichospermum (combination with embodiment A) - C2: Microcystis, Aphanizomenon and Dolichospermum (combination with embodiment B)

[0066] through the use of specific probes of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genera Microcystis, Aphanizomenon and Dolichospermum.

[0067] Similarly, the invention also relates to one of the uses as described above according to embodiments A, B or C, further comprising the use of at least one pair of probes specific toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Anabaena for the implementation of a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis and / or Anabaena, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28 and SEQ ID NO: 29) (SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31 and SEQ ID NO: 32) (SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34 and SEQ ID NO: 35) (SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38 and SEQ ID NO: 39) (SEQ ID NO : 40, SEQ ID NO : 41 et SEQ ID NO : 42) (SEQ ID NO : 43, SEQ ID NO : 44 et SEQ ID NO : 45) (SEQ ID NO : 46, SEQ ID NO : 47 et SEQ ID NO : 48) (SEQ ID NO : 49, SEQ ID NO : 50 et SEQ ID NO : 51) (SEQ ID NO : 52, SEQ ID NO : 53 et SEQ ID NO : 54) (SEQ ID NO : 55 et SEQ ID NO : 56) (SEQ ID NO : 57, SEQ ID NO : 58 et SEQ ID NO : 59) (SEQ ID NO : 60, SEQ ID NO : 61 et SEQ ID NO : 62)

[0068] x étant 2, 3 ou 4,

[0069] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the above-mentioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 45, SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47, SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62,

[0070] a probe of said pair being a capture probe linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence,

[0071] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena possibly present in said sample.

[0072] In a particular embodiment, the invention also relates to the use of at least one pair of probes specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Anabaena as described above for implementing a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena, wherein the probe sequences of said pairs are as follows: (SEQ ID NO: 27 and SEQ ID NO: 28), (SEQ ID NO: 27 and SEQ ID NO: 29), (SEQ ID NO: 28 and SEQ ID NO: 29) (SEQ ID NO: 30 and SEQ ID NO: 31), (SEQ ID NO: 30 and SEQ ID NO: 32), (SEQ ID NO: 31 and SEQ ID NO: 32) (SEQ ID NO : 33 et SEQ ID NO : 34), (SEQ ID NO : 33 et SEQ ID NO : 35), (SEQ ID NO : 34 et SEQ ID NO : 35) (SEQ ID NO : 36 et SEQ ID NO : 37), (SEQ ID NO : 36 et SEQ ID NO : 38), (SEQ ID NO : 36 et SEQ ID NO : 39), (SEQ ID NO : 37 et SEQ ID NO : 38), (SEQ ID NO : 37 et SEQ ID NO : 39), (SEQ ID NO : 38 et SEQ ID NO : 39) (SEQ ID NO : 40 et SEQ ID NO : 41), (SEQ ID NO : 40 et SEQ ID NO : 42), (SEQ ID NO : 41 et SEQ ID NO : 42) (SEQ ID NO : 43 et SEQ ID NO : 44), (SEQ ID NO : 43 et SEQ ID NO : 45), (SEQ ID NO : 44 et SEQ ID NO : 45) (SEQ ID NO : 46 et SEQ ID NO : 47), (SEQ ID NO : 46 et SEQ ID NO : 48), (SEQ ID NO : 47 et SEQ ID NO : 48) (SEQ ID NO : 49 et SEQ ID NO : 50), (SEQ ID NO : 49 et SEQ ID NO : 51), (SEQ ID NO : 50 et SEQ ID NO : 51) (SEQ ID NO : 52 et SEQ ID NO : 53), (SEQ ID NO : 52 et SEQ ID NO : 54), (SEQ ID NO : 53 et SEQ ID NO : 54) (SEQ ID NO : 55 et SEQ ID NO : 56) (SEQ ID NO: 57 and SEQ ID NO: 58), (SEQ ID NO: 57 and SEQ ID NO: 59), (SEQ ID NO: 58 and SEQ ID NO: 59) (SEQ ID NO: 60 and SEQ ID NO: 61), (SEQ ID NO: 60 and SEQ ID NO: 62), (SEQ ID NO: 61 and SEQ ID NO: 62)

[0073] As previously for embodiments A, B and C, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA, which also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0074] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection method is less than one hour.

[0075] Thus, embodiment D allows the detection of: - DI: Microcystis and Anabaena (combination with embodiment A) - D2: Microcystis, Aphanizomenon and Anabaena (combination with embodiment B) - D3: Microcystis, Dolichospermum and Anabaena (combination with embodiment Cl) - D4: Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, Dolichospermum and Anabaena (combination with embodiment C2)

[0076] through the use of specific probes of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genera Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, Dolichospermum and Anabaena.

[0077] Similarly, the invention also relates to one of the uses as described above according to embodiments A, B, C or D, further comprising the use of at least one pair of probes specific toxinogenic cyanobacteria of the genus Planktothrix for the implementation of a method for detecting toxinogenic cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxinogenic cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis and / or Planktothrix, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQID NO: 63, SEQID NO: 64, SEQID NO: 65 and SEQID NO: 66) (SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68 and SEQ ID NO: 69)

[0078] x being 3 or 4,

[0079] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69,

[0080] a probe of said pair being a capture probe linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence,

[0081] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Planktothrix possibly present in said sample.

[0082] In a particular embodiment, the invention also relates to the use of at least one pair of probes specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Planktothrix as described above for implementing a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Planktothrix, wherein the probe sequences of said pairs are as follows: (SEQ ID NO: 63 and SEQ ID NO: 64), (SEQ ID NO: 63 and SEQ ID NO: 65), (SEQ ID NO: 63 and SEQ ID NO: 66), (SEQ ID NO: 64 and SEQ ID NO: 65), (SEQ ID NO: 64 and SEQ ID NO: 66), (SEQ ID NO: 65 and SEQ ID NO: 66) (SEQ ID NO: 67 and SEQ ID NO: 68), (SEQ ID NO: 67 and SEQ ID NO: 69), (SEQ ID NO: 68 and SEQ ID NO: 69)

[0083] As previously for embodiments A, B, C and D, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus PlanktothrixeA is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA, which also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0084] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection method is less than one hour.

[0085] Thus, embodiment E allows the detection of: - El: Microcystis and Planktothrix (combination with embodiment A) - E2: Microcystis, Aphanizomenon and Planktothrix (combination with embodiment B) - E3: Microcystis, Dolichospermum and Planktothrix (combination with embodiment Cl) - E4: Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, Dolichospermum and Planktothrix (combination with embodiment C2) - E5: Microcystis, Anabaena and Planktothrix (combination with embodiment Dl) - E6: Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, Anabaena and Planktothrix (combination with embodiment D2) - E7: Microcystis, Dolichospermum, Anabaena and Planktothrix (combination with embodiment D3) - E8: Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, Dolichospermum, Anabaena and Planktothrix (combination with embodiment D4)

[0086] through the use of specific probes of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genera Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, Dolichospermum, Anabaena and Planktothrix.

[0087] Similarly, the invention also relates to one of the uses as described above according to embodiments A, B, C, D or E, further comprising the use of at least one pair of probes specific toxinogenic cyanobacteria of the genus Nodularia for the implementation of a method for detecting toxinogenic cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxinogenic cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis and / or Nodularia, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 71 and SEQ ID NO: 72) (SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 74 and SEQ ID NO: 75) (SEQ ID NO: 76 and SEQ ID NO: 77)

[0088] x being 2 or 3,

[0089] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77,

[0090] one probe of said pair being a capture probe linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence

[0091] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Nodularia possibly present in said sample.

[0092] In a particular embodiment, the invention also relates to the use of at least one pair of probes specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Nodularia as described above for implementing a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain less a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Nodularia, in which the probe sequences of said pairs are as follows: (SEQ ID NO: 70 and SEQ ID NO: 71), (SEQ ID NO: 70 and SEQ ID NO: 72), (SEQ ID NO: 71 and SEQ ID NO: 72) (SEQ ID NO: 73 and SEQ ID NO: 74), (SEQ ID NO: 73 and SEQ ID NO: 75), (SEQ ID NO: 74 and SEQ ID NO: 75) (SEQ ID NO: 76 and SEQ ID NO: 77)

[0093] As previously for embodiments A, B, C, D and E, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Nodularia is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA, which also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0094] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection method is less than one hour.

[0095] Thus, embodiment F allows the detection of: - Fl: Microcystis and Nodularia (combination with embodiment A) - F2: Microcystis, Aphanizomenon and Nodularia (combination with the mode implementation B) - F3: Microcystis, Dolichospermum and Nodularia (combination with embodiment Cl) - F4: Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, Dolichospermum and Nodularia (combination with embodiment C2) - F5: Microcystis, Anabaena and Nodularia (combination with embodiment Dl) - F6: Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, Anabaena and Nodularia (combination with embodiment D2) - F7: Microcystis, Dolichospermum, Anabaena and Nodularia (combination with embodiment D3) - F8: Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, Dolichospermum, Anabaena and Nodularia (combination with embodiment D4) - F9: Microcystis, Planktothrix and Nodularia (combination with embodiment El) - F10: Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, Planktothrix and Nodularia (combination) (with embodiment E2) - Fl 1: Microcystis, Dolichospermum, Planktothrix and Nodularia (combination with embodiment E3) - F12: Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, Dolichospermum, Planktothrix and Nodularia (combination with embodiment E4) - F13: Microcystis, Anabaena, Planktothrix and Nodularia (combination with the embodiment E5) - F14: Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, Anabaena, Planktothrix and Nodularia (combination with embodiment E6) - F15: Microcystis, Dolichospermum, Anabaena, Planktothrix and Nodularia (combination with embodiment E7) - F16: Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, Dolichospermum, Anabaena, Planktothrix and Nodularia (combination with embodiment E8)

[0096] through the use of specific probes of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genera Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, Dolichospermum, Anabaena, Planktothrix and Nodularia

[0097] Similarly, the invention also relates to one of the uses as described above according to embodiments A, B, C, D, E or F, further comprising the use of at least one pair of probes specific toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Cylindrospermopsis for the implementation of a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis and / or Cylindrospermopsis, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 79 and SEQ ID NO: 80)

[0098] x being 3,

[0099] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80,

[0100] a probe of said pair being a capture probe linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence

[0101] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Cylindrospermopsis possibly present in said sample.

[0102] In a particular embodiment, the invention also relates to the use of at least one pair of probes specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Cylindrospermopsis as described above for implementing a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Cylindrospermopsis, wherein the probe sequences of said pairs are as follows: (SEQ ID NO: 78 and SEQ ID NO: 79), (SEQ ID NO: 78 and SEQ ID NO: 80), (SEQ ID NO: 79 and SEQ ID NO: 80)

[0103] As previously for embodiments A, B, C, D, E and F, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Cylindrospermopsis is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA, which also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0104] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection method is less than one hour.

[0105] Thus, embodiment G enables the detection of: - G1: Microcystis and Cylindrospermopsis (combination with embodiment A) - G2: Microcystis, Aphanizomenon and Cylindrospermopsis (combination with embodiment B) - G3: Microcystis, Dolichospermum and Cylindrospermopsis (combination with embodiment Cl) - G4: Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, Dolichospermum and Cylindrospermopsis (combination with embodiment C2) - G5: Microcystis, Anabaena and Cylindrospermopsis (combination with embodiment Dl) - G6: Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, Anabaena and Cylindrospermopsis (combination with embodiment D2) - G7: Microcystis, Dolichospermum, Anabaena and Cylindrospermopsis (combination with embodiment D3) - G8: Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, Dolichospermum, Anabaena and Cylindrospermopsis (combination with embodiment D4) - G9: Microcystis, Planktothrix and Cylindrospermopsis (combination with embodiment El) - G10: Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, Planktothrix and Cylindrospermopsis (combination with embodiment E2) - G11: Microcystis, Dolichospermum, Planktothrix and Cylindrospermopsis (combination with embodiment E3) - G12: Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, Dolichospermum, Planktothrix and Cylindrospermopsis (combination with embodiment E4) - G13: Microcystis, Anabaena, Planktothrix and Cylindrospermopsis (combination with embodiment E5) - G14: Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, Anabaena, Planktothrix and Cylindrospermopsis (combination with embodiment E6) - G15: Microcystis, Dolichospermum, Anabaena, Planktothrix and Cylindrospermopsis (combination with embodiment E7) G16: Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, Dolichospermum, Anabaena, Planktothrix and Cylindrospermopsis (combination with embodiment E8) G17: Microcystis, Nodularia and Cylindrospermopsis (combination with embodiment Fl) G18: Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, Nodularia and Cylindrospermopsis (combination with the F2 embodiment) G19: Microcystis, Dolichospermum, Nodularia and Cylindrospermopsis (combination with embodiment F3) G20: Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, Dolichospermum, Nodularia and Cylindrospermopsis (combination with embodiment F4) G21: Microcystis, Anabaena, Nodularia and Cylindrospermopsis (combination with embodiment F5) G22: Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, Anabaena, Nodularia and Cylindrospermopsis (combination with embodiment F6) G23: Microcystis, Dolichospermum, Anabaena, Nodularia and Cylindrospermopsis (combination with embodiment F7) G24: Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, Dolichospermum, Anabaena, Nodularia and Cylindrospermopsis (combination with embodiment F8) G25: Microcystis, Planktothrix, Nodularia and Cylindrospermopsis (combination with embodiment F9) G26: Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, Planktothrix, Nodularia and Cylindrospermopsis (combination with embodiment F10) G27: Microcystis, Dolichospermum, Planktothrix, Nodularia and Cylindrospermopsis (combination with embodiment Fl) G28: Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, Dolichospermum, Planktothrix, Nodularia and Cylindrospermopsis (combination with embodiment F12) G29: Microcystis, Anabaena, Planktothrix, Nodularia and Cylindrospermopsi (combination with embodiment F13) G30: Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, Anabaena, Planktothrix, Nodularia and Cylindrospermopsis (combination with embodiment F14) G31: Microcystis, Dolichospermum, Anabaena, Planktothrix, Nodularia and Cylindrospermopsis (combination with embodiment F15) G32: Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, Dolichospermum, Anabaena, Planktothrix, Nodularia and Cylindrospermopsis (combination with embodiment F16)

[0106] through the use of specific probes of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genera Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, Dolichospermum, Anabaena, Planktothrix, Nodularia and Cylindrospermopsis.

[0107] In another embodiment, the invention also relates to the use of at least one pair of probes specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Aphanizomenon for implementing a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21 and SEQ ID NO: 22) (SEQ ID NO: 23 and SEQ ID NO: 24)

[0108] x being 2 or 3,

[0109] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24,

[0110] a probe of said pair being a capture probe linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence

[0111] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon possibly present in said sample in order to form a complex.

[0112] As before, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA, which also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0113] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection method is less than one hour.

[0114] Thus, in this particular embodiment, the invention also relates to the use as described above, in which the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon is 0.5pg / mL of ribosomal RNA and the duration of the implementation of said detection method is less than one hour.

[0115] In another embodiment, the invention also relates to the use of at least one pair of probes specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Dolichospermum for implementing a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one cyanobacterium toxinogen of the genus Dolichospermum, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 25 and SEQ ID NO: 26)

[0116] x being 2,

[0117] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26,

[0118] a probe of said pair being a capture probe linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence

[0119] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Dolichospermum possibly present in said sample in order to form a complex.

[0120] As before, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Dolichospermum is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA, which also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0121] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection method is less than one hour.

[0122] Thus, in this particular embodiment, the invention also relates to the use as described above, in which the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus DolichospermumeiaxA is 0.5ng / mL of ribosomal RNA and the duration of the implementation of said detection method is less than one hour.

[0123] In another embodiment, the invention also relates to the use of at least one pair of probes specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Anabaena for the implementation of a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO : 27, SEQ ID NO : 28 et SEQ ID NO : 29) (SEQ ID NO : 30, SEQ ID NO : 31 et SEQ ID NO : 32) (SEQ ID NO : 33, SEQ ID NO : 34 et SEQ ID NO : 35) (SEQ ID NO : 36, SEQ ID NO : 37, SEQ ID NO : 38 et SEQ ID NO : 39) (SEQ ID NO : 40, SEQ ID NO : 41 et SEQ ID NO : 42) (SEQ ID NO : 43, SEQ ID NO : 44 et SEQ ID NO : 45) (SEQ ID NO : 46, SEQ ID NO : 47 et SEQ ID NO : 48) (SEQ ID NO : 49, SEQ ID NO : 50 et SEQ ID NO : 51) (SEQ ID NO : 52, SEQ ID NO : 53 et SEQ ID NO : 54) (SEQ ID NO : 55 et SEQ ID NO : 56) (SEQ ID NO : 57, SEQ ID NO : 58 et SEQ ID NO : 59) (SEQ ID NO : 60, SEQ ID NO : 61 et SEQ ID NO : 62)

[0124] x étant 2, 3 ou 4,

[0125] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the above-mentioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 45, SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47, SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62,

[0126] a probe of said pair being a capture probe linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence,

[0127] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena possibly present in said sample in order to form a complex.

[0128] As before, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA, which also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0129] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection method is less than one hour.

[0130] Thus, in this particular embodiment, the invention also relates to the use as described above, in which the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA and the duration of the implementation of said detection method is less than one hour.

[0131] In another embodiment, the invention also relates to the use of at least one pair of probes specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Planktothrix for implementing a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Planktothrix, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65 and SEQ ID NO: 66) (SEQID NO: 67, SEQID NO: 68 and SEQID NO: 69)

[0132] x being 3 or 4,

[0133] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69,

[0134] a probe of said pair being a capture probe linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence

[0135] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Planktothrix possibly present in said sample in order to form a complex.

[0136] As before, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Planktothrix is ​​0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA, which also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0137] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection method is less than one hour.

[0138] Thus, in this particular embodiment, the invention also relates to the use as described above, in which the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus PlanktothrixelÿxA is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA and the duration of the implementation of said detection method is less than one hour.

[0139] By "percentage of identity" with respect to a given sequence, we mean the percentage of amino acids identical to those of a reference sequence and which are found at the same positions.

[0140] “At least 92% identity” means the ranges of values ​​of at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99% and 100% identity.

[0141] In all embodiments of this first aspect, and according to a particular embodiment, said capture probe is linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 5' of its sequence and said signal probe is linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 5' of its sequence.

[0142] In all embodiments of this first aspect, and according to a particular embodiment, said capture probe is linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 5' of its sequence and said signal probe is linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 3' of its sequence.

[0143] In all embodiments of this first aspect, and according to a particular embodiment, said capture probe is linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' of its sequence and said signal probe is linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 5' of its sequence.

[0144] In all embodiments of this first aspect, and according to a particular embodiment, said capture probe is linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' of its sequence and said signal probe is linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 3' of its sequence.

[0145] In all embodiments of this first aspect, the "at least one attachment molecule" can be chosen from a biotin molecule, avidin, streptavidin, a thiol group, an amine group and a carbon.

[0146] In all embodiments of this first aspect, and in a particularly preferred embodiment, the "at least one attachment molecule" is a biotin molecule.

[0147] In all embodiments of this first aspect, the "at least one labeling molecule" can be chosen from a fluorochrome, a biotin, a biotin-related molecule, digoxigenin, an enzyme using a chemiluminescent substrate, an enzyme using a chromogenic substrate or an enzyme using an electrochemical oxidation substrate.

[0148] In all embodiments of this first aspect, and in one particularly preferred embodiment, the "at least one labeling molecule" is digoxigenin.

[0149] In all embodiments of this first aspect, said fluorochrome may be selected from the group consisting of: Alexa fluor, in particular Alexa fluor 350, 405, 430, 488, 500, 514, 532, 546, 555, 568, 594, 610, 633, 647, 660, 680, 700, 750 or 790, Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC), Rhodamine, Allophycocyanin (APC) and Phycoerythrin (PE).

[0150] In all embodiments of this first aspect, the chemiluminescent substrate-using enzyme may be horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and the chemiluminescent substrate may be luminol, or alternatively, the chemiluminescent substrate-using enzyme may be luciferase and the chemiluminescent substrate may be luciferin. In this case, the reaction of the enzyme and its substrate generates light that can be measured by a luminescence reader.

[0151] In all embodiments of this first aspect, said enzyme using a chromogenic substrate may be alkaline phosphatase and said chromogenic substrate may be tetrazolium Nitroblue (NBT) or bromochlorylindolophosphate (BCIP), or alternatively, said enzyme using a chromogenic substrate may be horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and said chromogenic substrate may The substrate may be 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine (DAB), 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), or 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). In this case, the enzyme oxidizes a substrate, which, once reduced, produces a colored precipitate that can be measured by an absorbance meter.

[0152] In all embodiments of this first aspect, the enzyme using an electrochemically oxidized substrate may be horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and the electrochemically oxidized substrate may be 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). In this case, the enzyme (e.g., horseradish peroxidase) reacts in the presence of H₂O₂ and oxidizes a substrate (e.g., TMB), which, once reduced, produces an electrical potential difference. This electrical potential difference can be measured by an electrode.

[0153] Thus, in a particular embodiment, the present invention also relates to the use as described above in which said capture probe is linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at the 5' end of its sequence and said signal probe is linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at the 5' end of its sequence, or

[0154] said capture probe is linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at the 5' end of its sequence and said signal probe is linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at the 3' end of its sequence, or

[0155] said capture probe is linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' of its sequence and said signal probe is linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 5' of its sequence, or

[0156] said capture probe is linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' of its sequence and said signal probe is linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 3' of its sequence,

[0157] said “at least one attachment molecule” being in particular selected from a biotin molecule, avidin, streptavidin, a thiol group, an amine group and a carbon, preferably a biotin molecule,

[0158] said “at least one labeling molecule” being in particular chosen from a fluorochrome, a biotin, a biotin-bound molecule, digoxigenin, an enzyme using a chemiluminescent substrate, an enzyme using a chromogenic substrate or an enzyme using an electrochemically oxidizing substrate, preferably digoxigenin,

[0159] Preferably, said enzyme using a chromogenic substrate is alkaline phosphatase and said chromogenic substrate is tetrazolium Nitroblue (NBT) or bromochlorylindolophosphate (BCIP), or said enzyme using a chromogenic substrate is horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and said chromogenic substrate is chosen among 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine (DAB), 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), or 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS).

[0160] In all embodiments of this first aspect, the sample may be a sample of fresh water, brackish water, culture media or culture of cyanobacteria produced for commercial purposes.

[0161] The term "freshwater sample" refers to a volume of water from rivers, lakes, streams, ponds that contains living organisms such as phytoplankton and zooplankton.

[0162] The term "sample of brackish water" refers to a volume of water resulting from the meeting of fresh and salt water masses, such as a river estuary, a lagoon, a basin.

[0163] The term “culture medium” refers to a support that allows the culture of microorganisms such as cyanobacteria, bacteria, yeasts.

[0164] The term "cyanobacterial cultures" refers to the management of an aquatic ecosystem with a view to promoting the production of one or more commercially important species such as unicellular, colonial or filamentous cyanobacteria.

[0165] In a second aspect, the invention relates to pairs of probes for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria.

[0166] Thus, in this second aspect, the invention relates to at least one pair of probes for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis, the sequences of which are chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO : 1, SEQ ID NO : 2, SEQ ID NO: 3 et SEQ ID NO : 4) (SEQ ID NO : 5, SEQ ID NO : 6 et SEQ ID NO : 7) (SEQ ID NO : 8, SEQ ID NO : 9, SEQ ID NO: 10 et SEQ ID NO : 11) (SEQ ID NO : 12, SEQ ID NO : 13 et SEQ ID NO : 14) (SEQ ID NO : 15, SEQ ID NO : 16 et SEQ ID NO : 17) (SEQ ID NO : 18 et SEQ ID NO : 19)

[0167] x étant 2, 3 ou 4

[0168] ou les séquences desdites sondes ayant au moins 92% d’identité avec les susdites séquences SEQ ID NO : 1, SEQ ID NO : 2, SEQ ID NO : 3, SEQ ID NO : 4, SEQ ID NO : 5, SEQ ID NO : 6, SEQ ID NO : 7, SEQ ID NO : 8, SEQ ID NO : 9, SEQ ID NO : 10, SEQ ID NO : 11, SEQ ID NO : 12, SEQ ID NO : 13, SEQ ID NO : 14, SEQ ID NO : 15, SEQ ID NO : 16, SEQ ID NO : 17, SEQ ID NO : 18, SEQ ID NO : 19.

[0169] In a particular embodiment, the invention also relates to at least one pair of probes for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis, the sequences of the probes of said pairs are as follows: (SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2), (SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 3), (SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 4), (SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ ID NO: 3), (SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ ID NO: 4), (SEQ ID NO: 3 and SEQ ID NO: 4) (SEQ ID NO: 5 and SEQ ID NO: 6), (SEQ ID NO: 5 and SEQ ID NO: 7), (SEQ ID NO: 6 and SEQ ID NO: 7) (SEQ ID NO: 8 and SEQ ID NO: 9), (SEQ ID NO: 8 and SEQ ID NO: 10), (SEQ ID NO: 8 and SEQ ID NO: 11), (SEQ ID NO: 9 and SEQ ID NO: 10), (SEQ ID NO: 9 and SEQ ID NO: 11), (SEQ ID NO: 10 and SEQ ID NO: 11) (SEQ ID NO: 12 and SEQ ID NO: 13), (SEQ ID NO: 12 and SEQ ID NO: 14), (SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14) (SEQ ID NO: 15 and SEQ ID NO: 16), (SEQ ID NO: 15 and SEQ ID NO: 17), (SEQ ID NO: 16 and SEQ ID NO: 17) (SEQ ID NO: 18 and SEQ ID NO: 19).

[0170] In this second aspect, the invention also relates to at least one pair of probes for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Aphanizomenon, the sequences of which are chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21 and SEQ ID NO: 22) (SEQ ID NO: 23 and SEQ ID NO: 24)

[0171] x being 2 or 3,

[0172] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24.

[0173] In a particular embodiment, the invention also relates to at least one pair of probes for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Aphanizomenon, the sequences of the probes of said pairs are as follows: (SEQ ID NO: 20 and SEQ ID NO: 21), (SEQ ID NO: 20 and SEQ ID NO: 22), (SEQ ID NO: 21 and SEQ ID NO: 22) (SEQ ID NO: 23 and SEQ ID NO: 24).

[0174] In this second aspect, the invention also relates to at least one pair of probes for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Dolichospermum, the sequences of which are chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 25 and SEQ ID NO: 26)

[0175] x being 2,

[0176] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26.

[0177] In this second aspect, the invention also relates to at least one pair of probes for the detection of toxinogenic cyanobacteria of the genus Anabaena the sequences of which are selected from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO) (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO) (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO) 27, SEQ ID NO : 28 and SEQ ID NO : 29) 30, SEQ ID NO : 31 and SEQ ID NO : 32) 33, SEQ ID NO : 34 and SEQ ID NO : 35) 36, SEQ ID NO : 37, SEQ ID NO : 38 and SEQ ID NO : 39) 40, SEQ ID NO : 41 and SEQ ID NO : 42) 43, SEQ ID NO : 44 and SEQ ID NO : 45) 46, SEQ ID NO : 47 and SEQ ID NO : 48) 49, SEQ ID NO : 50 and SEQ ID NO : 51) 52, SEQ ID NO : 53 and SEQ ID NO : 54) 55 et SEQ ID NO : 56) 57, SEQ ID NO : 58 and SEQ ID NO : 59) 60, SEQ ID NO : 61 and SEQ ID NO : 62)

[0178] x being 2, 3 or 4,

[0179] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the above-mentioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 45, SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47, SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62.

[0180] In a particular embodiment, the invention also relates to at least one pair of probes for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Anabaena, the sequences of the probes of said pairs are as follows: (SEQ ID NO : 27 et SEQ ID NO : 28), (SEQ ID NO : 27 et SEQ ID NO : 29), (SEQ ID NO : 28 et SEQ ID NO : 29) (SEQ ID NO : 30 et SEQ ID NO : 31), (SEQ ID NO : 30 et SEQ ID NO : 32), (SEQ ID NO : 31 et SEQ ID NO : 32) (SEQ ID NO : 33 et SEQ ID NO : 34), (SEQ ID NO : 33 et SEQ ID NO : 35), (SEQ ID NO : 34 et SEQ ID NO : 35) (SEQ ID NO : 36 et SEQ ID NO : 37), (SEQ ID NO : 36 et SEQ ID NO : 38), (SEQ ID NO : 36 et SEQ ID NO : 39), (SEQ ID NO : 37 et SEQ ID NO : 38), (SEQ ID NO : 37 et SEQ ID NO : 39), (SEQ ID NO : 38 et SEQ ID NO : 39) (SEQ ID NO : 40 et SEQ ID NO : 41), (SEQ ID NO : 40 et SEQ ID NO : 42), (SEQ ID NO : 41 et SEQ ID NO : 42) (SEQ ID NO : 43 et SEQ ID NO : 44), (SEQ ID NO : 43 et SEQ ID NO : 45), (SEQ ID NO : 44 et SEQ ID NO : 45) (SEQ ID NO : 46 et SEQ ID NO : 47), (SEQ ID NO : 46 et SEQ ID NO : 48), (SEQ ID NO: 47 and SEQ ID NO: 48) (SEQ ID NO: 49 and SEQ ID NO: 50), (SEQ ID NO: 49 and SEQ ID NO: 51), (SEQ ID NO: 50 and SEQ ID NO: 51) (SEQ ID NO: 52 and SEQ ID NO: 53), (SEQ ID NO: 52 and SEQ ID NO: 54), (SEQ ID NO: 53 and SEQ ID NO: 54) (SEQ ID NO: 55 and SEQ ID NO: 56) (SEQ ID NO: 57 and SEQ ID NO: 58), (SEQ ID NO: 57 and SEQ ID NO: 59), (SEQ ID NO: 58 and SEQ ID NO: 59) (SEQ ID NO: 60 and SEQ ID NO: 61), (SEQ ID NO: 60 and SEQ ID NO: 62), (SEQ ID NO: 61 and SEQ ID NO: 62).

[0181] In this second aspect, the invention also relates to at least one pair of probes for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Planktothrix, the sequences of which are chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65 and SEQ ID NO: 66) (SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68 and SEQ ID NO: 69)

[0182] x being 3 or 4,

[0183] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69.

[0184] In a particular embodiment, the invention also relates to at least one pair of probes for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Planktothrix, the sequences of the probes of said pairs are as follows: (SEQ ID NO: 63 and SEQ ID NO: 64), (SEQ ID NO: 63 and SEQ ID NO: 65), (SEQ ID NO: 63 and SEQ ID NO: 66), (SEQ ID NO: 64 and SEQ ID NO: 65), (SEQ ID NO: 64 and SEQ ID NO: 66), (SEQ ID NO: 65 and SEQ ID NO: 66) (SEQ ID NO: 67 and SEQ ID NO: 68), (SEQ ID NO: 67 and SEQ ID NO: 69), (SEQ ID NO: 68 and SEQ ID NO: 69).

[0185] In this second aspect, the invention also relates to at least one pair of probes for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Nodularia, the sequences of which are chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 71 and SEQ ID NO: 72) (SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 74 and SEQ ID NO: 75) (SEQ ID NO: 76 and SEQ ID NO: 77)

[0186] x being 2 or 3,

[0187] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77.

[0188] In a particular embodiment, the invention also relates to at least one pair of probes for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Nodularia, the sequences of the probes of said pairs are as follows: (SEQ ID NO: 70 and SEQ ID NO: 71), (SEQ ID NO: 70 and SEQ ID NO: 72), (SEQ ID NO: 71 and SEQ ID NO: 72) (SEQ ID NO: 73 and SEQ ID NO: 74), (SEQ ID NO: 73 and SEQ ID NO: 75), (SEQ ID NO: 74 and SEQ ID NO: 75) (SEQ ID NO: 76 and SEQ ID NO: 77).

[0189] In this second aspect, the invention also relates to at least one pair of probes for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Cylindrospermopsis, the sequences of which are chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 79 and SEQ ID NO: 80)

[0190] x being 3,

[0191] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80.

[0192] In a particular embodiment, the invention also relates to at least one pair of probes for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Cylindrospermopsis, the sequences of the probes of said pairs are as follows: (SEQ ID NO: 78 and SEQ ID NO: 79), (SEQ ID NO: 78 and SEQ ID NO: 80), (SEQ ID NO: 79 and SEQ ID NO: 80).

[0193] In all aspects of this second aspect of the invention, a probe of said couple is a capture probe linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair is a signal probe linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence.

[0194] In a particular embodiment of this second aspect, said capture probe is linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 5' of its sequence and said signal probe is linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 5' of its sequence.

[0195] In a particular embodiment of this second aspect, said capture probe is linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 5' of its sequence and said signal probe is linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 3' of its sequence.

[0196] In a particular embodiment of this second aspect, said capture probe is linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' of its sequence and said signal probe is linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 5' of its sequence.

[0197] In a particular embodiment of this second aspect, said capture probe is linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' of its sequence and said signal probe is linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 3' of its sequence.

[0198] In all aspects of this second aspect, the attachment molecule can be chosen from a biotin molecule, avidin, streptavidin, a thiol group, an amine group and a carbon.

[0199] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the attachment molecule is a biotin molecule.

[0200] In all aspects of this second aspect, the labeling molecule can be chosen from a fluorochrome, a biotin, a biotin-related molecule, digoxigenin, an enzyme using a chemiluminescent substrate, an enzyme using a chromogenic substrate or an enzyme using an electrochemical oxidation substrate.

[0201] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the labeling molecule is digoxigenin.

[0202] In all aspects of this second aspect of the invention, said fluorochrome may be selected from the group consisting of: Alexa fluor, in particular Alexa fluor 350, 405, 430, 488, 500, 514, 532, 546, 555, 568, 594, 610, 633, 647, 660, 680, 700, 750 or 790, Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC), Rhodamine, Allophycocyanin (APC) and Phycoerythrin (PE).

[0203] In all aspects of this second aspect of the invention, said chemiluminescent substrate-using enzyme may be horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and said chemiluminescent substrate may be luminol, or said chemiluminescent substrate-using enzyme may be luciferase and said chemiluminescent substrate may be luciferin.

[0204] In all aspects of this second aspect of the invention, said enzyme using a chromogenic substrate may be alkaline phosphatase and said chromogenic substrate may be tetrazolium Nitroblue (NBT) or bromochlorylindolophosphate (BCIP), or, said enzyme using a chromogenic substrate may be horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and said chromogenic substrate may be selected from 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine (DAB), 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), or 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS).

[0205] In all aspects of this second aspect of the invention, said enzyme using an electrochemically oxidized substrate may be horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and said electrochemically oxidized substrate may be 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB).

[0206] In a third aspect, the invention relates to probes for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria.

[0207] In this third aspect, the invention relates to at least one probe for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis, said probe having a sequence selected from the sequences SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19 or the sequence of said probe having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 1 : 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19.

[0208] In this third aspect, the invention also relates to at least one probe for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Aphanizomenon, said probe having a sequence chosen from the sequences SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24 or the sequence of said probe having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24.

[0209] In this third aspect, the invention also relates to at least one probe for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Dolichospermum, said probe having a sequence chosen from the sequences SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26 or the sequence of said probe having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26.

[0210] In this third aspect, the invention also relates to at least one probe for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Anabaena, said probe having a sequence selected from the following sequences: SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO : 39, SEQ ID NO : 40, SEQ ID NO : 41, SEQ ID NO : 42, SEQ ID NO : 43, SEQ ID NO : 44, SEQ ID NO : 45, SEQ ID NO : 46, SEQ ID NO : 47, SEQ ID NO : 48, SEQ ID NO : 49, SEQ ID NO : 50, SEQ ID NO : 51, SEQ ID NO : 52, SEQ ID NO : 53, SEQ ID NO : 54, SEQ ID NO : 55, SEQ ID NO : 56, SEQ ID NO : 57, SEQ ID NO : 58, SEQ ID NO : 59, SEQ ID NO : 60, SEQ ID NO : 61, SEQ ID NO : 62 ou la séquence de ladite sonde ayant au moins 92% d’identité avec les susdites séquences SEQ ID NO : 27, SEQ ID NO : 28, SEQ ID NO : 29, SEQ ID NO : 30, SEQ ID NO : 31, SEQ ID NO : 32, SEQ ID NO : 33, SEQ ID NO : 34, SEQ ID NO : 35, SEQ ID NO : 36, SEQ ID NO : 37, SEQ ID NO : 38, SEQ ID NO : 39, SEQ ID NO : 40, SEQ ID NO : 41, SEQ ID NO : 42, SEQ ID NO : 43, SEQ ID NO : 44, SEQ ID NO : 45, SEQ ID NO : 46, SEQ ID NO : 47, SEQ ID NO : 48, SEQ ID NO : 49, SEQ ID NO : 50, SEQ ID NO : 51, SEQ ID NO : 52, SEQ ID NO : 53, SEQ ID NO : 54, SEQ ID NO : 55, SEQ ID NO : 56, SEQ ID NO : 57, SEQ ID NO : 58, SEQ ID NO : 59,SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62.,

[0211] In this third aspect, the invention also relates to at least one probe for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Planktothrix, said probe having a sequence selected from the sequences SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69 or the sequence of said probe having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69.

[0212] In this third aspect, the invention also relates to at least one probe for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Nodularia, said probe having a sequence selected from the sequences SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77 or the sequence of said probe having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77.

[0213] In this third aspect, the invention also relates to at least one probe for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Cylindrospermopsis, said probe having a sequence chosen from the sequences SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80 or the sequence of said probe having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80.

[0214] In a particular embodiment of this third aspect, the invention also relates to probes of sequence probes SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO : 18, SEQ ID NO : 19, SEQ ID NO : 20, SEQ ID NO : 21, SEQ ID NO : 22, SEQ ID NO : 23, SEQ ID NO : 24, SEQ ID NO : 25, SEQ ID NO : 26, SEQ ID NO : 27, SEQ ID NO : 28, SEQ ID NO : 29, SEQ ID NO : 30, SEQ ID NO : 31, SEQ ID NO : 32, SEQ ID NO : 33, SEQ ID NO : 34, SEQ ID NO : 35, SEQ ID NO : 36, SEQ ID NO : 37, SEQ ID NO : 38, SEQ ID NO : 39, SEQ ID NO : 40, SEQ ID NO : 41, SEQ ID NO : 42, SEQ ID NO : 43, SEQ ID NO : 44, SEQ ID NO : 45, SEQ ID NO : 46, SEQ ID NO : 47, SEQ ID NO : 48, SEQ ID NO : 49, SEQ ID NO : 50, SEQ ID NO : 51, SEQ ID NO : 52, SEQ ID NO : 53, SEQ ID NO : 54, SEQ ID NO : 55, SEQ ID NO : 56, SEQ ID NO : 57, SEQ ID NO : 58, SEQ ID NO : 59, SEQ ID NO : 60, SEQ ID NO : 61, SEQ ID NO : 62, SEQ ID NO : 63, SEQ ID NO : 64, SEQ ID NO : 65, SEQ ID NO : 66, SEQ ID NO : 67, SEQ ID NO : 68, SEQ ID NO : 69, ou ayant au moins 92% d’identité avec les susdites séquences SEQ ID NO : 1, SEQ ID NO : 2, SEQ ID NO : 3, SEQ ID NO : 4, SEQ ID NO : 5, SEQ ID NO : 6, SEQ ID NO : 7,SEQ ID NO : 8, SEQ ID NO : 9, SEQ ID NO : 10, SEQ ID NO : 11, SEQ ID NO : 12, SEQ ID NO : 13, SEQ ID NO : 14, SEQ ID NO : 15, SEQ ID NO : 16, SEQ ID NO : 17, SEQ ID NO : 18, SEQ ID NO : 19, SEQ ID NO : 20, SEQ ID NO : 21, SEQ ID NO : 22, SEQ ID NO : 23, SEQ ID NO : 24, SEQ ID NO : 25, SEQ ID NO : 26, SEQ ID NO : 27, SEQ ID NO : 28, SEQ ID NO : 29, SEQ ID NO : 30, SEQ ID NO : 31, SEQ ID NO : 32, SEQ ID NO : 33, SEQ ID NO : 34, SEQ ID NO : 35, SEQ ID NO : 36, SEQ ID NO : 37, SEQ ID NO : 38, SEQ ID NO : 39, SEQ ID NO : 40, SEQ ID NO : 41, SEQ ID NO : 42, SEQ ID NO : 43, SEQ ID NO : 44, SEQ ID NO : 45, SEQ ID NO : 46, SEQ ID NO : 47, SEQ ID NO : 48, SEQ ID NO : 49, SEQ ID NO : 50, SEQ ID NO : 51, SEQ ID NO : 52, SEQ ID NO : 53, SEQ ID NO : 54, SEQ ID NO : 55, SEQ ID NO : 56, SEQ ID NO : 57, SEQ ID NO : 58, SEQ ID NO : 59, SEQ ID NO : 60, SEQ ID NO : 61, SEQ ID NO : 62, SEQ ID NO : 63, SEQ ID NO : 64, SEQ ID NO : 65, SEQ ID NO : 66, SEQ ID NO : 67, SEQ ID NO : 68,SEQ ID NO: 69.

[0215] According to all aspects of this third aspect, said probe may be bound to at least one attachment molecule at the 3' or 5' end of its sequence or to at least one labeling molecule at the 3' or 5' end of its sequence.

[0216] In a particular aspect of this third aspect, said probe is linked to at least one attachment molecule in 3' of its sequence.

[0217] In another particular aspect of this third aspect, said probe is linked to at least one attachment molecule in the 5' position of its sequence.

[0218] In another particular aspect of this third aspect, said probe is linked to at least one labeling molecule in 3' of its sequence.

[0219] In a particular aspect of this third aspect, said probe is linked to at least one labeling molecule in the 5' position of its sequence.

[0220] According to all aspects of this third aspect, the "at least one attachment molecule" may be chosen from a biotin molecule, avidin, streptavidin, a thiol group, an amine group and a carbon.

[0221] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the "at least one attachment molecule" is a biotin molecule.

[0222] According to all aspects of this third aspect, the "at least one labeling molecule" may be chosen from a fluorochrome, a biotin, a biotin-related molecule, digoxigenin, an enzyme using a chemiluminescent substrate, an enzyme using a chromogenic substrate or an enzyme using an electrochemically oxidizing substrate.

[0223] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the "at least one labeling molecule" is digoxigenin.

[0224] According to all aspects of this third aspect, said fluorochrome may be selected from the group consisting of: Alexa fluor, in particular Alexa fluor 350, 405, 430, 488, 500, 514, 532, 546, 555, 568, 594, 610, 633, 647, 660, 680, 700, 750 or 790, Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC), Rhodamine, Allophycocyanin (APC) and Phycoerythrin (PE).

[0225] According to all aspects of this third aspect, said chemiluminescent substrate-using enzyme may be horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and said chemiluminescent substrate may be luminol, or alternatively, said chemiluminescent substrate-using enzyme may be luciferase and said chemiluminescent substrate may be luciferin.

[0226] According to all aspects of this third aspect, said enzyme using a chromogenic substrate may be alkaline phosphatase and said chromogenic substrate may be tetrazolium Nitroblue (NBT) and bromochlorylindolophosphate (BCIP), or, said enzyme using a chromogenic substrate may be horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and said chromogenic substrate may be selected from 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine (DAB), 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), or 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS).

[0227] According to all aspects of this third aspect, said enzyme using an electrochemically oxidizing substrate may be horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and said electrochemically oxidizing substrate may be 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB).

[0228] In a fourth aspect, the invention relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria.

[0229] Thus, the present invention also relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis, comprising the following steps: • a) possible hybridization resulting from contacting said sample with a capture probe and a signal probe specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis, the capture probe and the signal probe forming a probe pair, the sequences of said probe pair being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3 and SEQ ID NO: 4) (SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6 and SEQ ID NO: 7) (SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10 and SEQ ID NO: 11) (SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14) (SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16 and SEQ ID NO: 17) (SEQ ID NO: 18 and SEQ ID NO: 19)

[0230] x being 2, 3 or 4

[0231] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19,

[0232] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis possibly present in said sample in order to form a complex, • b) detection of said potential complex,

[0233] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis.

[0234] The invention also relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis, comprising the following steps: • a) possible hybridization resulting from contacting said sample with a capture probe and a signal probe specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis, the capture probe and the signal probe forming a probe pair, the sequences of said probe pair being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3 and SEQ ID NO: 4) (SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6 and SEQ ID NO: 7) (SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10 and SEQ ID NO: 11) (SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14) (SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16 and SEQ ID NO: 17) (SEQ ID NO: 18 and SEQ ID NO: 19)

[0235] x being 2, 3 or 4

[0236] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19,

[0237] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis possibly present in said sample in order to form a complex, • b) detection of said potential complex,

[0238] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis,

[0239] the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis being 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA.

[0240] As previously stated, a minimum detection threshold for the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystisàe of 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0241] The invention also relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis, as described above, wherein the duration of the implementation of said detection method is less than one hour.

[0242] Thus, the invention also relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis, comprising the following steps: • a) possible hybridization resulting from contacting said sample with a capture probe and a signal probe specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis, the capture probe and the signal probe forming a probe pair, the sequences of said probe pair being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3 and SEQ ID NO: 4) (SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6 and SEQ ID NO: 7) (SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10 and SEQ ID NO: 11) (SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14) (SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16 and SEQ ID NO: 17) (SEQ ID NO: 18 and SEQ ID NO: 19)

[0243] x being 2, 3 or 4

[0244] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19,

[0245] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis possibly present in said sample in order to form a complex, • b) detection of said possible complex,

[0246] the hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis,

[0247] the duration of the implementation of said detection method being less than one hour.

[0248] In this embodiment, the invention also relates to a detection method of toxinogenic cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxinogenic cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis, as described above, wherein the minimum detection threshold of the toxinogenic cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA and the duration of the implementation of said detection method is less than one hour.

[0249] In a particular embodiment, the method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis, as described above, may further include, before the possible hybridization step, a step of preparing said sample to be analyzed in order to obtain a prepared sample.

[0250] In a particular embodiment, the method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis, as described above, may further include a step of quantifying toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis in the case of hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis.

[0251] Thus, the invention also relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis, comprising the following steps: • a) preparation of said sample to be analyzed in order to obtain a prepared sample • b) possible hybridization resulting from contacting said prepared sample with a capture probe and a signal probe specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis, the capture probe and the signal probe forming a probe pair, the sequences of said probe pair being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3 and SEQ ID NO: 4) (SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6 and SEQ ID NO: 7) (SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10 and SEQ ID NO: 11) (SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14) (SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16 and SEQ ID NO: 17) (SEQ ID NO: 18 and SEQ ID NO: 19)

[0252] x being 2, 3 or 4,

[0253] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19,

[0254] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis possibly present in said sample in order to form a complex, • c) detection of said potential complex • d) quantification of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis, in the case of hybridization,

[0255] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis.

[0256] The invention also relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis, comprising the following steps: • a) preparation of said sample to be analyzed in order to obtain a prepared sample • b) possible hybridization resulting from contacting said prepared sample with a capture probe and a signal probe specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis, the capture probe and the signal probe forming a probe pair, the sequences of said probe pair being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3 and SEQ ID NO: 4) (SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6 and SEQ ID NO: 7) (SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10 and SEQ ID NO: 11) (SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14) (SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16 and SEQ ID NO: 17) (SEQ ID NO: 18 and SEQ ID NO: 19)

[0257] x being 2, 3 or 4,

[0258] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19,

[0259] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis possibly present in said sample in order to form a complex, • c) detection of said possible complex • d) quantification of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis, in the case of hybridization,

[0260] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis,

[0261] the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis being 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA.

[0262] As previously stated, a minimum detection threshold for the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis of 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0263] The invention also relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis, comprising the following steps: • a) preparation of said sample to be analyzed in order to obtain a prepared sample • b) possible hybridization resulting from contacting said prepared sample with a capture probe and a signal probe specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis, the capture probe and the signal probe forming a probe pair, the sequences of said probe pair being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3 and SEQ ID NO: 4) (SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6 and SEQ ID NO: 7) (SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10 and SEQ ID NO: 11) (SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14) (SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16 and SEQ ID NO: 17) (SEQ ID NO: 18 and SEQ ID NO: 19)

[0264] x being 2, 3 or 4,

[0265] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO : 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19,

[0266] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis possibly present in said sample in order to form a complex, • c) detection of said potential complex • d) quantification of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis, in the case of hybridization,

[0267] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis,

[0268] the duration of the implementation of steps b) and c) being less than one hour.

[0269] In a particular embodiment, the invention also relates to a process detection of toxinogenic cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxinogenic cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis, as described above, wherein the minimum detection threshold for the toxinogenic cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA and the time required to carry out steps b) and c) is less than one hour.

[0270] Thus, the invention also relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis, comprising the following steps: • a) preparation of said sample to be analyzed in order to obtain a prepared sample • b) possible hybridization resulting from contacting said prepared sample with a capture probe and a signal probe specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis, the capture probe and the signal probe forming a probe pair, the sequences of said probe pair being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3 and SEQ ID NO: 4) (SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6 and SEQ ID NO: 7) (SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10 and SEQ ID NO: 11) (SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14) (SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16 and SEQ ID NO: 17) (SEQ ID NO: 18 and SEQ ID NO: 19)

[0271] x being 2, 3 or 4,

[0272] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19,

[0273] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis possibly present in said sample in order to form a complex, • c) detection of said potential complex • d) quantification of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis, in the case of hybridization,

[0274] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis,

[0275] the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis being 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA,

[0276] the duration of the implementation of steps b) and c) being less than one hour.

[0277] In a particular embodiment, the invention relates to a detection method of toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis, as described above, wherein said preparation step of said sample to be analyzed comprises the following steps: • a) a step of concentrating said sample in order to obtain a concentrated sample • b) a lysis step of toxin-producing cyanobacteria possibly present in said sample, resulting in the release of ribosomal nucleic acids from toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis likely to be contained in said sample.

[0278] In a particular embodiment, the invention relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis, as described above, which may further include a step of extraction and purification of ribosomal nucleic acids obtained following the lysis step b) using a nucleic acid extraction and purification protocol known to those skilled in the art.

[0279] In one embodiment, the invention relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis, as described above, which may further include a step of fragmenting the ribosomal nucleic acids obtained following the lysis step b) in order to homogenize the size of the extracted and purified nucleic acids.

[0280] In a particular embodiment, said concentration step of said sample may be a centrifugation or filtration step.

[0281] In a particular embodiment, said filtration may be carried out on nylon or polycarbonate filters. Said filters may, for example, have a porosity of 0.2 to 100 µm.

[0282] In a particular embodiment, said lysis step may be a chemical lysis step comprising the addition of a lysis solution to said concentrated sample obtained in step a) described above.

[0283] In a particular embodiment, said lysis solution may comprise a neutral buffer, a chaotropic agent, an ionic or non-ionic detergent, a reducing agent and a chelating agent.

[0284] The neutral buffer may, for example, be phosphate, saline sodium citrate (SSC), or Tris. The chaotropic agent may, for example, be guanidium chloride. The ionic or non-ionic detergent may, for example, be sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or Triton X100. The reducing agent may, for example, be β-mercaptoethanol or dithiotreitol. The chelating agent may, for example, be ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA).

[0285] In a particular embodiment, said chemical lysis step may be accompanied by thermal lysis, sonic lysis, and / or mechanical lysis. Thermal lysis may, for example, be carried out with liquid nitrogen or by heating said sample. Sonic lysis may, for example, be carried out using ultrasound or vibrations. Mechanical lysis may, for example, be carried out using a vortex or grinding.

[0286] In a particular embodiment, the invention relates to a method for detecting toxinogenic cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxinogenic cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis, as described above, wherein said capture probe is linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 5' of its sequence and said signal probe is linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 5' of its sequence.

[0287] In another particular embodiment, the invention relates to a method for detecting toxinogenic cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxinogenic cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis, as described above, in which said capture probe is linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 5' of its sequence and said signal probe is linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 3' of its sequence.

[0288] In another particular embodiment, the invention relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis, as described above, wherein said capture probe is linked to at least one molecule attachment positioned at 3' of its sequence and said signal probe is linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 5' of its sequence.

[0289] In another particular embodiment, the invention relates to a method for detecting toxinogenic cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxinogenic cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis as described above, wherein said capture probe is linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' of its sequence and said signal probe is linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 3' of its sequence.

[0290] In a particular embodiment, the attachment molecule can be chosen from a biotin molecule, avidin, streptavidin, a thiol group, an amine group and a carbon group.

[0291] In a particularly preferred embodiment, said attachment molecule is a biotin molecule.

[0292] In a particular embodiment, the labeling molecule can be chosen from a fluorochrome, a biotin, a biotin-bound molecule, digoxigenin, an enzyme using a chemiluminescent substrate, an enzyme using a chromogenic substrate or an enzyme using an electrochemical oxidation substrate.

[0293] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the labeling molecule is digoxigenin.

[0294] In a particular embodiment, said fluorochrome may be selected from the group consisting of: Alexa fluor, in particular Alexa fluor 350, 405, 430, 488, 500, 514, 532, 546, 555, 568, 594, 610, 633, 647, 660, 680, 700, 750 or 790, Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC), Rhodamine, Allophycocyanin (APC) and Phycoerythrin (PE).

[0295] In a particular embodiment, said chemiluminescent substrate-using enzyme may be horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and said chemiluminescent substrate may be luminol, or alternatively, said chemiluminescent substrate-using enzyme may be luciferase and said chemiluminescent substrate may be luciferin.

[0296] In a particular embodiment, said enzyme using a chromogenic substrate may be alkaline phosphatase and said chromogenic substrate may be tetrazolium Nitroblue (NBT) and bromochlorylindolophosphate (BCIP), or, said enzyme using a chromogenic substrate may be horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and said chromogenic substrate may be selected from 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine (DAB), 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), or 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS).

[0297] In a particular embodiment, said enzyme using an electrochemically oxidizing substrate may be horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and said electrochemically oxidizing substrate may be 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB).

[0298] In a particular embodiment, the invention relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis, as described above, wherein said hybridization is carried out in a hybridization solution.

[0299] In a particular embodiment, said hybridization solution comprises 0 to 0.3 M NaCl, 0 to 0.1 M buffer selected from citrate, Tris-HCl, PIPES, HEPES or phosphate, 0.001 to 0.05% detergent selected from SDS, Triton, TWEEN20, optionally 0.001 to 0.5 M chelating agent selected from EDTA or EGTA, optionally 0.1 to 30% blocking agent selected from BSA, herring DNA, salmon DNA, calf DNA, yeast DNA or an exogenous protein and optionally another chemical agent selected from MgCl2, KC1 and CaCl2, preferably MgCl2.

[0300] In another particular embodiment, said hybridization solution comprises 0.1 M to 1 M of NaCl or KCl, 0.01 M to 1 M of Tris-HCl, HEPES, PBS, KH2PO4 or SSC of a pH from 6.0 to 9.0, 0.01 to 0.05% of detergent agent selected from SDS or N-Lauroylsarcosine, optionally 0.01 and 0.1 M of chelating agent selected from EDTA, EGTA or a similar chelating agent selected from calcium citrate or sodium hexametaphosphate and optionally 0.1 and 30% of blocking agent selected from a protein such as Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) protein or a nucleic acid such as Herring DNA.

[0301] In a particularly preferred embodiment, said hybridization solution consists of 0.3M NaCl, 0.08M Tris-HCl and 0.04% SDS and has a pH of 8.

[0302] In a particular embodiment, said hybridization is carried out at a temperature ranging from 37°C to 70°C. In a particularly preferred embodiment, said hybridization is carried out at a temperature of 60°C.

[0303] In a particular embodiment, the contact time of said sample with said capture probe and said signal probe is between 10 and 60 minutes. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the contact time of said sample with said capture probe and said signal probe is 10 minutes.

[0304] In a particular embodiment, said detection step may be followed by one or more washing steps with a washing solution. In a particularly preferred embodiment, three washing steps are performed.

[0305] In a particular embodiment, each washing step can have a duration ranging from 1 to 60 minutes.

[0306] In a particular embodiment, said washing solution comprises 0 to 0.3 M NaCl, 0 to 0.1 M buffer selected from citrate, Tris-HCl, PIPES, HEPES or phosphate, 0.001 to 0.05% detergent agent selected from SDS, the triton, TWEEN20, possibly 0.001 to 0.5 M of chelating agent selected from EDTA or EGTA, possibly 0.1 to 30% of blocking agent selected from BSA, Herring DNA, Salmon DNA, Calf DNA, Yeast DNA or an exogenous protein and possibly another chemical agent selected from MgCl2, KC1 and CaCl2, preferably MgCl2.

[0307] In another particular embodiment, said washing solution comprises 0.1 M to 1 M of NaCl or KCl, 0.01 M to 1 M of Tris-HCl, HEPES, PBS, KH2PO4 or SSC of a pH from 6.0 to 9.0, 0.01 and 0.05% of detergent agent selected from SDS or N-Lauroylsarcosine, optionally 0.01 and 0.1 M of chelating agent selected from EDTA, EGTA or a similar chelating agent selected from calcium citrate or sodium hexametaphosphate and optionally 0.1 and 30% of blocking agent selected from a protein such as Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) protein or a nucleic acid such as Herring DNA.

[0308] In a particularly preferred embodiment, said washing solution comprising 0.01 and 0.7 M of PBS, Na2HPO4, KH2PO4, K2PO4 and / or SSC, and 0.1 and 0.4 M of NaCl or KCl.

[0309] In another particularly preferred embodiment, said washing solution being made up of 0.1M of K2PO4, 0.1M of KH2PO4 and 0.1M of KCl and is of pH 7.6.

[0310] In a particular embodiment, the invention also relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis, as described above, in which said step of detecting said complex can be carried out by fluorescence reader, by luminescence reader, by absorbance reader, by gamma camera, by beta camera or with the aid of an ammeter or a potentiometer.

[0311] Said detection step of said complex can be carried out by fluorescence microscopy or fluorescence reader when: - The labeling molecule is a fluorochrome - when the labeling molecule is biotin and is detected via a fluorochrome conjugated to streptavidin or avidin - when the labeling molecule is conjugated to biotin and is detected via a fluorochrome conjugated to streptavidin or avidin - when the labeling molecule is digoxigenin and is detected via a fluorochrome conjugated to an anti-digoxigenin antibody.

[0312] Said detection step of said complex can be carried out by a luminescence reader when: - the labeling molecule is an enzyme using a chemiluminescent substrate - The labeling molecule is biotin and is detected via an enzyme using a chemiluminescent substrate conjugated to streptavidin or avidin - the labeling molecule is conjugated to biotin and is detected via an enzyme using a chemiluminescent substrate conjugated to streptavidin or avidin - the labeling molecule is digoxigenin and is detected via an enzyme using a chemiluminescent substrate conjugated to an anti-digoxigenin antibody.

[0313] Said detection step of said complex can be carried out by absorbance reader when: - the labeling molecule is an enzyme using a chromogenic substrate - The labeling molecule is biotin and is detected via an enzyme using a chromogenic substrate conjugated to streptavidin or avidin - the labeling molecule is conjugated to biotin and is detected via an enzyme using a chromogenic substrate conjugated to streptavidin or avidin - the labeling molecule is digoxigenin and is detected via an enzyme using a chromogenic substrate conjugated to an anti-digoxigenin antibody.

[0314] Said detection step of said complex can be carried out using an ammeter or potentiometer when: - the labeling molecule is an enzyme using an electrochemically oxidized substrate - The labeling molecule is biotin and is detected via an enzyme using an electrochemical oxidation substrate conjugated to streptavidin or avidin - the labeling molecule is conjugated to biotin and is detected via an enzyme using an electrochemical oxidation substrate conjugated to streptavidin or avidin - The labeling molecule is digoxigenin and is detected via an enzyme using an electrochemical oxidation substrate conjugated to an anti-digoxigenin antibody,

[0315] said enzyme using an electrochemically oxidizing substrate reacting in the presence of H2O2 and oxidizes said electrochemically oxidizing substrate which, once reduced, generates an electrical potential difference measured by the electrode.

[0316] In one embodiment, said florochrome may be selected from the group consisting of: Alexa fluor, in particular Alexa fluor 350, 405, 430, 488, 500, 514, 532, 546, 555, 568, 594, 610, 633, 647, 660, 680, 700, 750 or 790, Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC), Rhodamine, Allophycocyanin (APC) and Phycoerythrin (PE).

[0317] In one embodiment, said chemiluminescent substrate-using enzyme may be horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and said chemiluminescent substrate may be luminol, or alternatively, said chemiluminescent substrate-using enzyme may be luciferase and said chemiluminescent substrate may be luciferin.

[0318] In one embodiment, said enzyme using a chromogenic substrate may be alkaline phosphatase and said chromogenic substrate may be tetrazolium Nitroblue (NBT) and bromochlorylindolophosphate (BCIP), or alternatively, said enzyme using a chromogenic substrate may be horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and said chromogenic substrate may be selected from 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine (DAB), 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), or 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS).

[0319] In one embodiment, said enzyme using an electrochemically oxidizing substrate may be horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and said electrochemically oxidizing substrate may be 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB).

[0320] In a particular embodiment, the invention also relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria as described above, wherein said capture probe is linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at the 5' end of its sequence and said signal probe is linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at the 5' end of its sequence, or

[0321] said capture probe is linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 5' of its sequence and said signal probe is linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 3' of its sequence, or

[0322] said capture probe is linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' of its sequence and said signal probe is linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 5' of its sequence, or

[0323] said capture probe is linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' of its sequence and said signal probe is linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 3' of its sequence,

[0324] said “at least one attachment molecule” being in particular chosen from a biotin molecule, avidin, streptavidin, a thiol group, an amine group and a carbon, preferably a biotin molecule,

[0325] said “at least one labeling molecule” being in particular chosen from a fluorochrome, a biotin, a biotin-bound molecule, digoxigenin, an enzyme using a chemiluminescent substrate, an enzyme using a chromogenic substrate or an enzyme using an electrochemically oxidizing substrate, preferably digoxigenin,

[0326] preferably, said enzyme using a chromogenic substrate is alkaline phosphatase and said chromogenic substrate is tetrazolium Nitroblue (NBT) or bromochlorylindolophosphate (BCIP), or said enzyme using a chromogenic substrate is horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and said chromogenic substrate is selected from 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine (DAB), 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), or 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS).

[0327] Regarding the quantification step, the results can be expressed as absorbance at 630 or 450 nm after reading using a microplate reader, or as current intensity after reading using an ammeter or potentiometer. For each test, a calibration curve is created using synthetic standards of known increasing concentrations. Quantification is determined by plotting the average absorbance or current values ​​from each sample on the calibration curve. The standards are compared to the RNA quantity or cell equivalent values ​​established from known numbers of cells obtained from cultures and added to an uncontaminated environmental sample.

[0328] According to this embodiment, said sample may be a sample of fresh water, brackish water, culture media or culture of cyanobacteria produced for commercial purposes.

[0329] The invention also relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria, as described previously in embodiment A, in a sample likely to contain at least one additional toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon, comprising in addition to the possible hybridization step resulting from contacting said sample with a capture probe and a signal probe specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis,

[0330] a possible hybridization step resulting from contacting said sample with a probe and a signal probe specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Aphanizomenon, the capture probe and the signal probe forming a probe pair, the sequences of said probe pair being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21 and SEQ ID NO: 22) (SEQ ID NO: 23 and SEQ ID NO: 24)

[0331] x being 2 or 3,

[0332] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24,

[0333] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Aphanizomenon.

[0334] All the different embodiments described for the detection method according to embodiment A can be applied to embodiment B.

[0335] As previously for the detection of Microcystis according to embodiment A, in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0336] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection process is less than one hour.

[0337] Similarly, the invention also relates to one of the methods for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria, as described according to embodiment A or embodiment B, in a sample capable of also containing at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Dolichospermum, comprising in addition to the possible hybridization step resulting from contacting said sample with a capture probe and a signal probe specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis,

[0338] a possible hybridization step resulting from contacting said sample with a probe and a signal probe specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Dolichospermum, the capture probe and the signal probe forming a probe pair, the sequences of said probe pair being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO 25 and SEQ ID NO 26)

[0339] x being 2,

[0340] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26,

[0341] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Dolichospermum.

[0342] All the different embodiments described for the detection method according to embodiment A can be applied to embodiment C.

[0343] As previously for the detection of Microcystis according to embodiment A, in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Dolichospermum is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0344] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection process is less than one hour.

[0345] Similarly, the invention also relates to one of the methods for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria, as described in embodiments A, B or C, in a sample likely to contain in addition at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena, comprising in addition to the possible hybridization step resulting from contacting said sample with a capture probe and a signal probe specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis,

[0346] a possible hybridization step resulting from contacting said sample with a probe and a signal probe specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Anabaena, the capture probe and the signal probe forming a probe pair, the sequences of said probe pair being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO 27, SEQ ID NO : 28 et SEQ ID NO : 29) 30, SEQ ID NO : 31 et SEQ ID NO : 32) 33, SEQ ID NO : 34 et SEQ ID NO : 35) 36, SEQ ID NO : 37, SEQ ID NO : 38 et SEQ ID NO : 39) 40, SEQ ID NO : 41 et SEQ ID NO : 42) 43, SEQ ID NO : 44 et SEQ ID NO : 45) 46, SEQ ID NO : 47 et SEQ ID NO : 48) 49, SEQ ID NO : 50 et SEQ ID NO : 51) 52, SEQ ID NO : 53 et SEQ ID NO : 54) 55 et SEQ ID NO : 56) 57, SEQ ID NO : 58 et SEQ ID NO : 59) 60, SEQ ID NO : 61 et SEQ ID NO : 62)

[0347] x étant 2, 3 ou 4,

[0348] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the above sequences SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 45, SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47, SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62,

[0349] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Anabaena.

[0350] All the different embodiments described for the detection method according to embodiment A can be applied to embodiment D.

[0351] As previously for the detection of Microcystis according to embodiment A, in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the The detection limit for toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Anabaena is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA, which also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0352] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection process is less than one hour.

[0353] Similarly, the invention also relates to one of the methods for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria, as described above according to embodiments A, B, C or D, in a sample likely to also contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Planktothrix, comprising in addition to the possible hybridization step resulting from contacting said sample with a capture probe and a signal probe specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis,

[0354] a possible hybridization step resulting from contacting said sample with a probe and a signal probe specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Planktothrix, the capture probe and the signal probe forming a probe pair, the sequences of said probe pair being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQID NO: 63, SEQID NO: 64, SEQID NO: 65 and SEQID NO: 66) (SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68 and SEQ ID NO: 69)

[0355] x being 3 or 4,

[0356] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69,

[0357] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Planktothrix.

[0358] All the different embodiments described for the detection method according to embodiment A can be applied to embodiment E.

[0359] As previously for the detection of Microcystis according to embodiment A, in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Planktothrix is ​​0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0360] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection process is less than one hour.

[0361] Similarly, the invention also relates to one of the methods for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria, as described in embodiments A, B, C, D or E, in a sample capable of also containing at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Nodularia, comprising in addition to the optional hybridization step resulting from contacting said sample with a A capture probe and a signal probe specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis,

[0362] a possible hybridization step resulting from contacting said sample with a probe and a signal probe specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Nodularia, the capture probe and the signal probe forming a probe pair, the sequences of said probe pair being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 71 and SEQ ID NO: 72) (SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 74 and SEQ ID NO: 75) (SEQ ID NO: 76 and SEQ ID NO: 77)

[0363] x being 2 or 3,

[0364] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77,

[0365] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Nodularia.

[0366] All the different embodiments described for the detection method according to embodiment A can be applied to embodiment F.

[0367] As previously for the detection of Microcystis according to embodiment A, in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Nodularia is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0368] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection process is less than one hour.

[0369] Similarly, the invention also relates to one of the methods for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria, as described above according to embodiments A, B, C, D, E or F, in a sample capable of also containing at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Cylindrospermopsis, comprising in addition to the possible hybridization step resulting from contacting said sample with a capture probe and a signal probe specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis,

[0370] a possible hybridization step resulting from contacting said sample with a probe and a signal probe specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Cylindrospermopsis, the capture probe and the signal probe forming a probe pair, the sequences of said probe pair being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 79 and SEQ ID NO: 80)

[0371] x being 3,

[0372] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80,

[0373] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Cylindrospermopsis.

[0374] All the different embodiments described for the detection method according to embodiment A can be applied to embodiment G.

[0375] As previously for the detection of Microcystis according to embodiment A, in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Cylindrospermopsis is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0376] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection process is less than one hour.

[0377] As with the first aspect relating to use, all combinations of embodiments A, B, C, D, E, F, or G of this fourth aspect can be considered. In this way, all combinations of toxin-producing cyanobacteria B to G32 described in the first aspect can be detected by the methods as described in this fourth aspect.

[0378] In another embodiment, the invention also relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon, comprising the following steps: • a) possible hybridization resulting from contacting said sample with a capture probe and a signal probe specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Aphanizomenon, the capture probe and the signal probe forming a probe pair, the sequences of said probe pair being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21 and SEQ ID NO: 22) (SEQ ID NO: 23 and SEQ ID NO: 24)

[0379] x being 2 or 3,

[0380] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24,

[0381] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon possibly present in said sample in order to form a complex, • b) detection of said possible complex,

[0382] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Aphanizomenon.

[0383] All the different embodiments described for the detection method according to embodiment A can be applied to this embodiment.

[0384] As before, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0385] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection process is less than one hour.

[0386] Thus, in this particular embodiment, the invention also relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon, as described above, wherein the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA and the duration of the implementation of said detection method is less than one hour.

[0387] In another embodiment, the invention also relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Dolichospermum, comprising the following steps: • a) possible hybridization resulting from contacting said sample with a capture probe and a signal probe specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Dolichospermum, the capture probe and the signal probe forming a probe pair, the sequences of said probe pair being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 25 and SEQ ID NO: 26)

[0388] x being 2,

[0389] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26,

[0390] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Dolichospermum possibly present in said sample in order to form a complex, • b) detection of said possible complex,

[0391] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Dolichospermum.

[0392] All the different embodiments described for the detection method according to embodiment A can be applied to this embodiment.

[0393] As before, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Dolichospermum is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0394] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection method is less than one hour.

[0395] Thus, in this particular embodiment, the invention also relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Dolichospermum, as described above, in which the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Dolichospermum is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA and the duration of the implementation of said detection method is less than one hour.

[0396] In another embodiment, the invention also relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena, comprising the following steps: a) possible hybridization resulting from contacting said sample with a capture probe and a signal probe specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Anabaena, the capture probe and the signal probe forming a probe pair, the sequences of said probe pair being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO 27, SEQ ID NO: 28 and SEQ ID NO: 29) 30, SEQ ID NO: 31 and SEQ ID NO: 32) 33, SEQ ID NO: 34 and SEQ ID NO: 35) 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38 and SEQ ID NO: 39) 40, SEQ ID NO: 41 and SEQ ID NO: 42) 43, SEQ ID NO: 44 and SEQ ID NO: 45) 46, SEQ ID NO: 47 and SEQ ID NO: 48) 49, SEQ ID NO: 50 and SEQ ID NO: 51) 52, SEQ ID NO: 53 and SEQ ID NO: 54) 55 et SEQ ID NO : 56) 57, SEQ ID NO : 58 et SEQ ID NO : 59) 60, SEQ ID NO : 61 et SEQ ID NO : 62)

[0397] x étant 2, 3 ou 4,

[0398] ou les séquences desdites sondes ayant au moins 92% d’identité avec les susdites séquences SEQ ID NO : 27, SEQ ID NO : 28, SEQ ID NO : 29, SEQ ID NO : 30, SEQ ID NO : 31, SEQ ID NO : 32, SEQ ID NO : 33, SEQ ID NO : 34, SEQ ID NO : 35, SEQ ID NO : 36, SEQ ID NO : 37, SEQ ID NO : 38, SEQ ID NO : 39, SEQ ID NO : 40, SEQ ID NO : 41, SEQ ID NO : 42, SEQ ID NO : 43, SEQ ID NO : 44, SEQ ID NO : 45, SEQ ID NO : 46, SEQ ID NO : 47, SEQ ID NO : 48, SEQ ID NO : 49, SEQ ID NO : 50, SEQ ID NO : 51, SEQ ID NO : 52, SEQ ID NO : 53, SEQ ID NO : 54, SEQ ID NO : 55, SEQ ID NO : 56, SEQ ID NO : 57, SEQ ID NO : 58, SEQ ID NO : 59, SEQ ID NO : 60, SEQ ID NO : 61, SEQ ID NO : 62,

[0399] ladite sonde capture et ladite sonde signal étant capables de s’hybrider avec the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena possibly present in said sample in order to form a complex, • b) detection of said potential complex,

[0400] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Anabaena.

[0401] All the different embodiments described for the detection method according to embodiment A can be applied to this embodiment.

[0402] As before, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0403] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection method is less than one hour.

[0404] Thus, in this particular embodiment, the invention also relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena, as described above, wherein the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA and the duration of the implementation of said detection method is less than one hour.

[0405] In another embodiment, the invention also relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Planktothrix, comprising the following steps: • a) possible hybridization resulting from contacting said sample with a capture probe and a signal probe specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Planktothrix, the capture probe and the signal probe forming a probe pair, the sequences of said probe pair being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65 and SEQ ID NO: 66) (SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68 and SEQ ID NO: 69)

[0406] x being 3 or 4,

[0407] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69,

[0408] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Planktothrix possibly present in said sample in order to form a complex, • b) detection of said possible complex,

[0409] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Planktothrix.

[0410] All the different embodiments described for the detection method according to embodiment A can be applied to this embodiment.

[0411] As before, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Planktothrix is ​​0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0412] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection method is less than one hour.

[0413] Thus, in this particular embodiment, the invention also relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Planktothrix, as described above, wherein the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Planktothrix is ​​0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA and the duration of the implementation of said detection method is less than one hour.

[0414] The hybridization step described above between the ribosomal nucleic acid of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium to be detected and the capture and signal probes can be carried out in several ways.

[0415] In a first embodiment (A1 to G1), the capture probes are incubated on the support and the signal probes are incubated with the ribosomal nucleic acids of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium to be detected. Then, any pairs formed between the signal probes and the ribosomal nucleic acids of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium to be detected are incubated with the support containing the capture probes.

[0416] In a second possibility (incarnation A2 to G2), the capture probes are incubated on the support. Then, the signal probes, the ribosomal nucleic acids of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium to be detected, and the support containing the capture probes are incubated together.

[0417] In a third aspect (incarnation A3 to G3), the capture and signal probes are incubated with the ribosomal nucleic acids of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium to be detected. This mixture is then incubated with the support.

[0418] In a fourth aspect (incarnation A4 to G4), the capture probes are incubated with the ribosomal nucleic acids of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium to be detected. This mixture is then incubated with the support and the signal probes.

[0419] Thus, according to a particular embodiment of this fourth aspect, the invention also relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis, comprising the following steps: • a) addition of a possible complex formed between the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis, and a signal probe on a support containing a capture probe, • b) detection of possible hybridization of the aforementioned complex with said capture probe, the hybridization taking place between the capture probe and the ribosomal nucleic acid of the aforementioned complex,

[0420] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis,

[0421] said capture probe and said signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3 and SEQ ID NO: 4) (SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6 and SEQ ID NO: 7) (SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10 and SEQ ID NO: 11) (SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14) (SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16 and SEQ ID NO: 17) (SEQ ID NO: 18 and SEQ ID NO: 19)

[0422] x being 2, 3 or 4

[0423] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19.

[0424] All the different embodiments described for the detection method according to embodiment A can be applied to embodiment Al.

[0425] As before, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold for the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0426] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection method is less than one hour.

[0427] The invention also relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria, as described in embodiment A1, in a sample capable of also containing at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon, comprising, in addition, the addition of an optional complex formed between the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon and a signal probe on a support containing a capture probe,

[0428] said capture probe and said signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21 and SEQ ID NO: 22) (SEQ ID NO: 23 and SEQ ID NO: 24)

[0429] x being 2 or 3,

[0430] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24,

[0431] hybridization indicating the presence of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon.

[0432] All the different embodiments described for the detection method according to embodiment A can be applied to embodiment Bl.

[0433] As before, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0434] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection process is less than one hour.

[0435] The invention also relates to one of the methods for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria, as described according to embodiment A1 or according to embodiment B1, in a sample capable of further containing at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Dolichospermum, further comprising the addition of an optional complex formed between the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Dolichospermum and a signal probe on a support containing a capture probe,

[0436] said capture probe and said signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 25 and SEQ ID NO: 26)

[0437] x being 2,

[0438] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26,

[0439] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Dolichospermum.

[0440] All the different embodiments described for the detection method according to embodiment A can be applied to embodiment Cl.

[0441] As before, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Dolichospermum is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0442] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection method is less than one hour.

[0443] The invention also relates to one of the methods for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria, as described above according to embodiments A1, B1 or C1, in a sample capable of also containing at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena, further comprising the addition of an optional complex formed between the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena and a signal probe on a support containing a capture probe,

[0444] said capture probe and said signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO 27, SEQ ID NO: 28 and SEQ ID NO: 29) 30, SEQ ID NO: 31 and SEQ ID NO: 32) 33, SEQ ID NO: 34 and SEQ ID NO: 35) 36, SEQ ID NO : 37, SEQ ID NO : 38 and SEQ ID NO : 39) 40, SEQ ID NO: 41 and SEQ ID NO: 42) 43, SEQ ID NO: 44 and SEQ ID NO: 45) 46, SEQ ID NO: 47 and SEQ ID NO: 48) 49, SEQ ID NO: 50 and SEQ ID NO: 51) 52, SEQ ID NO: 53 and SEQ ID NO: 54) 55 and SEQ ID NO: 56) 57, SEQ ID NO: 58 and SEQ ID NO: 59) 60, SEQ ID NO: 61 and SEQ ID NO: 62)

[0445] x being 2, 3 or 4,

[0446] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the above-mentioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 45, SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47, SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62,

[0447] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Anabaena.

[0448] All the different embodiments described for the detection method according to embodiment A can be applied to embodiment DE

[0449] As before, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0450] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection process is less than one hour.

[0451] The invention also relates to one of the methods for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria, as described above according to embodiments A1, B1, C1 or D1, in a sample capable of also containing at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Planktothrix, further comprising the addition of an optional complex formed between the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Planktothrix and a signal probe on a support containing a capture probe,

[0452] said capture probe and said signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65 and SEQ ID NO: 66) (SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68 and SEQ ID NO: 69)

[0453] x being 3 or 4,

[0454] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69,

[0455] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Planktothrix.

[0456] All the different embodiments described for the detection method according to embodiment A can be applied to embodiment El.

[0457] As before, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Planktothrix is ​​0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0458] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection process is less than one hour.

[0459] The invention also relates to one of the methods for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria, as described above according to embodiments A1, B1, C1, D1 or E1, in a sample capable of also containing at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Nodularia, further comprising the addition of an optional complex formed between the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Nodularia and a signal probe on a support containing a capture probe,

[0460] the capture probe and the signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 71 and SEQ ID NO: 72) (SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 74 and SEQ ID NO: 75) (SEQ ID NO: 76 and SEQ ID NO: 77)

[0461] x being 2 or 3,

[0462] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77,

[0463] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Nodularia.

[0464] All the different embodiments described for the detection method according to embodiment A can be applied to embodiment Fl.

[0465] As before, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Nodularia is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0466] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection process is less than one hour.

[0467] The invention also relates to one of the methods for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria, as described in embodiments A1, B1, B1, D1, E1 or F1, in a sample capable of also containing at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Cylindrospermopsis, further comprising the addition of a possible complex formed between the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Cylindrospermopsis and a signal probe on a support containing a capture probe,

[0468] the capture probe and the signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 79 and SEQ ID NO: 80)

[0469] x being 3,

[0470] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80,

[0471] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Cylindrospermopsis.

[0472] All the different embodiments described for the detection method according to embodiment A can be applied to embodiment Gl.

[0473] As before, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Cylindrospermopsis is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0474] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection method is less than one hour.

[0475] As with the first aspect relating to use, all combinations of embodiments Al, Bl, Cl, Dl, El, Fl and / or Gl of this fourth aspect can be considered. In this way, all combinations of toxin-producing cyanobacteria B to G32 described in the first aspect can be detected by the methods as described in this fourth aspect.

[0476] According to another embodiment, the invention also relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon, comprising the following steps: • a) addition of a possible complex formed between the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon, and a signal probe on a support containing a capture probe, • b) detection of possible hybridization of the aforementioned complex with said capture probe, the hybridization taking place between the capture probe and the ribosomal nucleic acid of the aforementioned complex,

[0477] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Aphanizomenon,

[0478] said capture probe and said signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21 and SEQ ID NO: 22) (SEQ ID NO: 23 and SEQ ID NO: 24)

[0479] x being 2 or 3,

[0480] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24.

[0481] According to another embodiment, the invention also relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Dolichospermum, comprising the following steps: • a) addition of a possible complex formed between the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Dolichospermum, and a signal probe on a support containing a capture probe, • b) detection of possible hybridization of the aforementioned complex with said capture probe, the hybridization taking place between the capture probe and the ribosomal nucleic acid of the aforementioned complex,

[0482] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Dolichospermum,

[0483] said capture probe and said signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 25 and SEQ ID NO: 26)

[0484] x being 2,

[0485] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26.

[0486] According to another embodiment, the invention also relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena, comprising the following steps: • a) addition of a possible complex formed between the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena, and a signal probe on a support containing a capture probe, • b) detection of possible hybridization of the aforementioned complex with said capture probe, the hybridization taking place between the capture probe and the ribosomal nucleic acid of the aforementioned complex,

[0487] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Anabaena,

[0488] said capture probe and said signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: — (SEQ ID NO 27, SEQ ID NO : 28 et SEQ ID NO : 29) — (SEQ ID NO 30, SEQ ID NO : 31 et SEQ ID NO : 32) — (SEQ ID NO 33, SEQ ID NO : 34 et SEQ ID NO : 35) — (SEQ ID NO 36, SEQ ID NO : 37, SEQ ID NO : 38 et SEQ ID NO : 39) — (SEQ ID NO 40, SEQ ID NO : 41 et SEQ ID NO : 42) — (SEQ ID NO 43, SEQ ID NO : 44 et SEQ ID NO : 45) — (SEQ ID NO 46, SEQ ID NO : 47 et SEQ ID NO : 48) — (SEQ ID NO 49, SEQ ID NO : 50 et SEQ ID NO : 51) — (SEQ ID NO 52, SEQ ID NO : 53 et SEQ ID NO : 54) — (SEQ ID NO 55 et SEQ ID NO : 56) — (SEQ ID NO 57, SEQ ID NO : 58 et SEQ ID NO : 59) — (SEQ ID NO 60, SEQ ID NO : 61 et SEQ ID NO : 62)

[0489] x étant 2, 3 ou 4,

[0490] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the above-mentioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 45, SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47, SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62.

[0491] According to another embodiment, the invention also relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Planktothrix, comprising the following steps: • a) addition of a possible complex formed between the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Planktothrix, and a signal probe on a support containing a capture probe, • b) detection of possible hybridization of the aforementioned complex with said capture probe, the hybridization taking place between the capture probe and the ribosomal nucleic acid of the aforementioned complex,

[0492] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Planktothrix,

[0493] said capture probe and said signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQID NO: 63, SEQID NO: 64, SEQID NO: 65 and SEQID NO: 66) (SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68 and SEQ ID NO: 69)

[0494] x being 3 or 4,

[0495] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69.

[0496] Thus, according to another particular embodiment of this fourth aspect, the invention relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis comprising the following steps: • a) addition of ribosomal nucleic acid from a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis and a signal probe onto a support containing a capture probe, • b) detection of the possible hybridization of a complex formed between said capture probe, said ribosomal nucleic acid and said signal probe, the hybridization taking place between the capture probe, the ribosomal nucleic acid and the signal probe,

[0497] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis,

[0498] said capture probe and said signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3 and SEQ ID NO: 4) (SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6 and SEQ ID NO: 7) (SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10 and SEQ ID NO: 11) (SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14) (SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16 and SEQ ID NO: 17) (SEQ ID NO: 18 and SEQ ID NO: 19)

[0499] x being 2, 3 or 4,

[0500] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19.

[0501] All the different embodiments described for the detection method according to embodiment A can be applied to embodiment A2.

[0502] As before, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0503] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection process is less than one hour.

[0504] The invention also relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria, as described in embodiment A2, in a sample capable of also containing at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon, comprising, in addition, the addition of the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon and a signal probe on a support containing a capture probe,

[0505] said capture probe and said signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21 and SEQ ID NO: 22) (SEQ ID NO: 23 and SEQ ID NO: 24)

[0506] x being 2 or 3,

[0507] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24,

[0508] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Aphanizomenon.

[0509] All the different embodiments described for the detection method according to embodiment A can be applied to embodiment B2.

[0510] As before, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0511] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection method is less than one hour.

[0512] The invention also relates to one of the methods for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria, as described according to embodiment A2 or embodiment B2, in a sample capable of also containing at least a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Dolichospermum, further comprising the addition of ribosomal nucleic acid from a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Dolichospermum and a signal probe on a support containing a capture probe,

[0513] said capture probe and said signal probe forming a probe pair, the sequences of said probe pair being selected from x elements of one of the following sets: SEQ ID NO: 25 and SEQ ID NO: 26)

[0514] x being 2,

[0515] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26,

[0516] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Dolichospermum.

[0517] All the different embodiments described for the detection method according to embodiment A can be applied to embodiment C2.

[0518] As before, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold for the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Dolichospermum is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA, which also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0519] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection process is less than one hour.

[0520] The invention also relates to one of the methods for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria, as described according to embodiments A2, B2 or C2, in a sample capable of also containing at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena, further comprising the addition of the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena and a signal probe on a support containing a capture probe,

[0521] said capture probe and said signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28 and SEQ ID NO: 29) (SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31 and SEQ ID NO: 32) (SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34 and SEQ ID NO: 35) (SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38 and SEQ ID NO: 39) (SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41 and SEQ ID NO: 42) (SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44 and SEQ ID NO: 45) (SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47 and SEQ ID NO: 48) (SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 50 and SEQ ID NO: 51) (SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53 and SEQ ID NO: 54) (SEQID NO: 55 and SEQID NO: 56) (SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58 and SEQ ID NO: 59) (SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61 and SEQ ID NO: 62)

[0522] x being 2, 3 or 4,

[0523] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the above-mentioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 45, SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47, SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62,

[0524] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Anabaena.

[0525] All the different embodiments described for the detection method according to embodiment A can be applied to embodiment D2.

[0526] As before, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0527] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection process is less than one hour.

[0528] The invention also relates to one of the methods for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria, as described above according to embodiments A2, B2, C2 or D2, in a sample capable of further containing at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Planktothrix, further comprising the addition of the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Planktothrix and a signal probe on a support containing a capture probe,

[0529] said capture probe and said signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65 and SEQ ID NO: 66) (SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68 and SEQ ID NO: 69)

[0530] x being 3 or 4,

[0531] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69,

[0532] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Planktothrix.

[0533] All the different embodiments described for the detection method according to embodiment A can be applied to embodiment E2.

[0534] As before, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Planktothrix is ​​0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0535] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection process is less than one hour.

[0536] The invention also relates to one of the methods for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria, as described above according to embodiments A2, B2, C2, D2 or E2, in a sample capable of also containing at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Nodularia, further comprising the addition of the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Nodularia and a signal probe on a support containing a capture probe,

[0537] the capture probe and the signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 71 and SEQ ID NO: 72) (SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 74 and SEQ ID NO: 75) (SEQ ID NO: 76 and SEQ ID NO: 77)

[0538] x being 2 or 3,

[0539] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77,

[0540] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Nodularia.

[0541] All the different embodiments described for the detection method according to embodiment A can be applied to embodiment F2.

[0542] As before, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Nodularia is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0543] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection process is less than one hour.

[0544] The invention also relates to one of the methods for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria, as described above according to embodiments A1, B2, C2, D2, E2 or F2, in a sample capable of containing in addition at least a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Cylindrospermopsis, further comprising the addition of ribosomal nucleic acid from a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Cylindrospermopsis and a signal probe on a support containing a capture probe,

[0545] the capture probe and the signal probe forming a probe pair, the sequences of said probe pair being selected from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 79 and SEQ ID NO: 80)

[0546] x being 3,

[0547] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80,

[0548] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Cylindrospermopsis.

[0549] All the different embodiments described for the detection method according to embodiment A can be applied to embodiment G2.

[0550] As before, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Cylindrospermopsis is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0551] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection process is less than one hour.

[0552] As with the first aspect relating to use, all combinations of embodiments A2, B2, C2, D2, E2, F2 and / or G2 of this fourth aspect can be considered. In this way, all combinations of toxin-producing cyanobacteria B to G32 described in the first aspect can be detected by the methods as described in this fourth aspect.

[0553] According to another embodiment, the invention also relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon, comprising the following steps: • a) addition of ribosomal nucleic acid from a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon and a signal probe onto a support containing a capture probe, • b) detection of the possible hybridization of a complex formed between said capture probe, said ribosomal nucleic acid and said signal probe, the hybridization taking place between the capture probe, the ribosomal nucleic acid and the signal probe,

[0554] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Aphanizomenon,

[0555] said capture probe and said signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21 and SEQ ID NO: 22) (SEQ ID NO: 23 and SEQ ID NO: 24)

[0556] x being 2 or 3,

[0557] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24.

[0558] According to another embodiment, the invention also relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Dolichospermum, comprising the following steps: • a) addition of ribosomal nucleic acid from a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Dolichospermum and a signal probe onto a support containing a capture probe, • b) detection of the possible hybridization of a complex formed between said capture probe, said ribosomal nucleic acid and said signal probe, the hybridization taking place between the capture probe, the ribosomal nucleic acid and the signal probe,

[0559] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Dolichospermum,

[0560] said capture probe and said signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 25 and SEQ ID NO: 26)

[0561] x being 2,

[0562] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26.

[0563] According to another embodiment, the invention also relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena, comprising the following steps: • a) addition of ribosomal nucleic acid from a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena and a signal probe onto a support containing a capture probe, • b) detection of the possible hybridization of a complex formed between said capture probe, said ribosomal nucleic acid and said signal probe, hybridization taking place between the capture probe and the ribosomal nucleic acid and the signal probe,

[0564] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Anabaena,

[0565] said capture probe and said signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO 27, SEQ ID NO: 28 and SEQ ID NO: 29) 30, SEQ ID NO: 31 and SEQ ID NO: 32) 33, SEQ ID NO: 34 and SEQ ID NO: 35) 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38 and SEQ ID NO: 39) 40, SEQ ID NO: 41 and SEQ ID NO: 42) 43, SEQ ID NO: 44 and SEQ ID NO: 45) 46, SEQ ID NO: 47 and SEQ ID NO: 48) 49, SEQ ID NO: 50 and SEQ ID NO: 51) 52, SEQ ID NO: 53 and SEQ ID NO: 54) 55 and SEQ ID NO: 56) 57, SEQ ID NO: 58 and SEQ ID NO: 59) 60, SEQ ID NO: 61 and SEQ ID NO: 62)

[0566] x being 2, 3 or 4,

[0567] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the above-mentioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 45, SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47, SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62.

[0568] According to another embodiment, the invention also relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Planktothrix, comprising the following steps: a) addition of ribosomal nucleic acid from a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Planktothrix and a signal probe onto a support containing a capture probe, b) detection of the possible hybridization of a complex formed between said capture probe, said ribosomal nucleic acid and said signal probe,

[0569]

[0570]

[0571]

[0572]

[0573]

[0574]

[0575]

[0576]

[0577] hybridization occurs between the capture probe, ribosomal nucleic acid, and the signal probe. hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Planktothrix, said capture probe and said signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQID NO: 63, SEQID NO: 64, SEQID NO: 65 and SEQID NO: 66) (SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68 and SEQ ID NO: 69) x being 3 or 4, or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69. Thus, according to another particular embodiment of this fourth aspect, the invention relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis, comprising the following steps: • a) addition of a complex formed between: - the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis - a signal probe - and a capture probe on a support, • b) detection of the aforementioned complex possible hybridization, the hybridization taking place between the capture probe, ribosomal nucleic acid and the signal probe, the hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis, said capture probe and said signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3 and SEQ ID NO: 4) (SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6 and SEQ ID NO: 7) (SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10 and SEQ ID NO: 11) (SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14) (SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16 and SEQ ID NO: 17) (SEQ ID NO: 18 and SEQ ID NO: 19) x being 2, 3 or 4,

[0578] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19.

[0579] All the different embodiments described for the detection method according to embodiment A can be applied to embodiment A3.

[0580] As before, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0581] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection process is less than one hour.

[0582] The invention also relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria, as described above in embodiment A3, in a sample capable of further containing at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon, comprising, further, the addition of a complex formed between: - the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon - a signal probe - and a capture probe

[0583] on a support,

[0584] said capture probe and said signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21 and SEQ ID NO: 22) (SEQ ID NO: 23 and SEQ ID NO: 24)

[0585] x being 2 or 3,

[0586] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24,

[0587] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Aphanizomenon.

[0588] All the different embodiments described for the detection method according to embodiment A can be applied to embodiment B3.

[0589] As before, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold for the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0590] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection process is less than one hour.

[0591] The invention also relates to one of the methods for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria, as described above according to embodiments A3 or B3, in a sample capable of also containing at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Dolichospermum, further comprising the addition of a complex formed between: - the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Dolichospermum - a signal probe - and a capture probe

[0592] on a support,

[0593] said capture probe and said signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 25 and SEQ ID NO: 26)

[0594] x being 2,

[0595] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26,

[0596] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Dolichospermum.

[0597] All the different embodiments described for the detection method according to embodiment A can be applied to embodiment C3.

[0598] As before, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Dolichospermum is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0599] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection process is less than one hour.

[0600] The invention also relates to one of the methods for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria, as described above according to embodiments A3, B3 or C3, in a sample capable of also containing at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena, further comprising the addition of a complex formed between: - the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena - a signal probe - and a capture probe

[0601] on a support,

[0602] said capture probe and said signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO 27, SEQ ID NO: 28 and SEQ ID NO: 29) 30, SEQ ID NO: 31 and SEQ ID NO: 32) 33, SEQ ID NO: 34 and SEQ ID NO: 35) 36, SEQ ID NO : 37, SEQ ID NO : 38 and SEQ ID NO : 39) 40, SEQ ID NO: 41 and SEQ ID NO: 42) 43, SEQ ID NO: 44 and SEQ ID NO: 45) 46, SEQ ID NO: 47 and SEQ ID NO: 48) 49, SEQ ID NO: 50 and SEQ ID NO: 51) 52, SEQ ID NO: 53 and SEQ ID NO: 54) 55 and SEQ ID NO: 56) 57, SEQ ID NO: 58 and SEQ ID NO: 59) 60, SEQ ID NO: 61 and SEQ ID NO: 62)

[0603] x being 2, 3 or 4,

[0604] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the above-mentioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 45, SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47, SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62,

[0605] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Anabaena.

[0606] All the different embodiments described for the detection method according to embodiment A can be applied to embodiment D3.

[0607] As before, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0608] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection process is less than one hour.

[0609] The invention also relates to one of the methods for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria, as described above according to embodiments A3, B3, C3 or D3, in a sample capable of further containing at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Planktothrix, further comprising the addition of a complex formed between: - the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Planktothrix - a signal probe - and a capture probe

[0610] on a support,

[0611] said capture probe and said signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQID NO: 63, SEQID NO: 64, SEQID NO: 65 and SEQID NO: 66) (SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68 and SEQ ID NO: 69)

[0612] x being 3 or 4,

[0613] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69,

[0614] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Planktothrix.

[0615] All the different embodiments described for the detection method according to embodiment A can be applied to embodiment E3.

[0616] As before, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Planktothrix is ​​0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0617] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection process is less than one hour.

[0618] The invention also relates to one of the methods for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria, as described above according to embodiments A3, B3, C3, D3 or E3, in a sample capable of also containing at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Nodularia, further comprising the addition of a complex formed between: - the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Nodularia - a signal probe - and a capture probe

[0619] on a support,

[0620] the capture probe and the signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 71 and SEQ ID NO: 72) (SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 74 and SEQ ID NO: 75) (SEQ ID NO: 76 and SEQ ID NO: 77)

[0621] x being 2 or 3,

[0622] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77,

[0623] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Nodularia.

[0624] All the different embodiments described for the detection method according to embodiment A can be applied to embodiment F3.

[0625] As before, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Nodularia is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0626] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection process is less than one hour.

[0627] The invention also relates to one of the methods for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria, as described above according to embodiments A3, B3, C3, D3, E3 or F3, in a sample capable of also containing at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Cylindrospermopsis, further comprising the addition of a complex formed between: - the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Cylindrospermopsis - a signal probe - and a capture probe

[0628] on a support,

[0629] the capture probe and the signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 79 and SEQ ID NO: 80)

[0630] x being 3,

[0631] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80,

[0632] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Cylindrospermopsis.

[0633] All the different embodiments described for the detection method according to embodiment A can be applied to embodiment G3.

[0634] As before, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Cylindrospermopsis is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0635] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection process is less than one hour.

[0636] As with the first aspect relating to use, all combinations of embodiments A3, B3, C3, D3, E3, F3 and / or G3 of this fourth aspect can be considered. In this way, all combinations of toxin-producing cyanobacteria B to G32 described in the first aspect can be detected by the methods as described in this fourth aspect.

[0637] According to another embodiment, the invention also relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon, comprising the following steps: • a) addition of a complex formed between: - the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon - a signal probe - and a capture probe

[0638] on a support, • b) detection of possible hybridization of the aforementioned complex, the hybridization taking place between the capture probe, ribosomal nucleic acid and the signal probe,

[0639] the hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Aphanizomenon,

[0640] said capture probe and said signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21 and SEQ ID NO: 22) (SEQ ID NO: 23 and SEQ ID NO: 24)

[0641] x being 2 or 3,

[0642] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24.

[0643] According to another embodiment, the invention also relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain less a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Dolichospermum comprising the following stages: • a) addition of a complex formed between: - the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Dolichospermum - a signal probe - and a capture probe

[0644] on a support, • b) detection of the aforementioned complex possible hybridization, the hybridization taking place between the capture probe, ribosomal nucleic acid and the signal probe,

[0645] the hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Dolichospermum,

[0646] said capture probe and said signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 25 and SEQ ID NO: 26)

[0647] x being 2,

[0648] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26.

[0649] According to another embodiment, the invention also relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena, comprising the following steps: • a) addition of a complex formed between: - the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena - a signal probe - and a capture probe

[0650] on a support, • b) detection of possible hybridization of the aforementioned complex, the hybridization taking place between the capture probe, ribosomal nucleic acid and the signal probe,

[0651] the hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Anabaena,

[0652] said capture probe and said signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28 and SEQ ID NO: 29) (SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31 and SEQ ID NO: 32) (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO 33, SEQ ID NO: 34 and SEQ ID NO: 35) 36, SEQ ID NO : 37, SEQ ID NO : 38 and SEQ ID NO : 39) 40, SEQ ID NO: 41 and SEQ ID NO: 42) 43, SEQ ID NO: 44 and SEQ ID NO: 45) 46, SEQ ID NO: 47 and SEQ ID NO: 48) 49, SEQ ID NO: 50 and SEQ ID NO: 51) 52, SEQ ID NO: 53 and SEQ ID NO: 54) 55 and SEQ ID NO: 56) 57, SEQ ID NO: 58 and SEQ ID NO: 59) 60, SEQ ID NO: 61 and SEQ ID NO: 62)

[0653] x being 2, 3 or 4,

[0654] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the above-mentioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 45, SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47, SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62.

[0655] According to another embodiment, the invention also relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Planktothrix, comprising the following steps: • a) addition of a complex formed between: - the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Planktothrix - a signal probe - and a capture probe

[0656] on a support, • b) detection of possible hybridization of the aforementioned complex, the hybridization taking place between the capture probe, ribosomal nucleic acid and the signal probe,

[0657] the hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Planktothrix,

[0658] said capture probe and said signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65 and SEQ ID NO: 66) (SEQID NO: 67, SEQID NO: 68 and SEQID NO: 69)

[0659] x being 3 or 4,

[0660] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69.

[0661] According to another particular embodiment of this fourth aspect, the invention relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis, comprising the following steps: • a) addition of a signal probe and a possible complex formed between the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis and a capture probe on a support, • b) detection of possible hybridization of the aforementioned complex with said signal probe, the hybridization taking place between the signal probe and the ribosomal nucleic acid of the aforementioned complex,

[0662] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis,

[0663] said capture probe and said signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3 and SEQ ID NO: 4) (SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6 and SEQ ID NO: 7) (SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10 and SEQ ID NO: 11) (SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14) (SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16 and SEQ ID NO: 17) (SEQ ID NO: 18 and SEQ ID NO: 19)

[0664] x being 2, 3 or 4,

[0665] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19.

[0666] All the different embodiments described for the detection method according to embodiment A can be applied to embodiment A4.

[0667] As before, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0668] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection process is less than one hour.

[0669] The invention also relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria, as described above according to embodiment A4, in a sample capable of also containing at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon, comprising, in addition, the addition of a signal probe and an optional complex formed between the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon and a capture probe on a support,

[0670] said capture probe and said signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21 and SEQ ID NO: 22) (SEQ ID NO: 23 and SEQ ID NO: 24)

[0671] x being 2 or 3,

[0672] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 241'hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Aphanizomenon.

[0673] All the different embodiments described for the detection method according to embodiment A can be applied to embodiment B4.

[0674] As before, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0675] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection process is less than one hour.

[0676] The invention also relates to one of the methods for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria, as described according to embodiments A4 or B4, in a sample likely to contain in addition at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Dolichospermum, further comprising the addition of a signal probe and an optional complex formed between the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Dolichospermum and a capture probe on a support,

[0677] said capture probe and said signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 25 and SEQ ID NO: 26)

[0678] x being 2,

[0679] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26,

[0680] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Dolichospermum.

[0681] All the different embodiments described for the detection method according to embodiment A can be applied to embodiment C4.

[0682] As before, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Dolichospermum is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0683] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection process is less than one hour.

[0684] The invention also relates to one of the methods for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria, as described above according to embodiments A4, B4 or C4, in a sample capable of further containing at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena, further comprising the addition of a signal probe and an optional complex formed between the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena and a capture probe on a support,

[0685] said capture probe and said signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO 27, SEQ ID NO: 28 and SEQ ID NO: 29) 30, SEQ ID NO: 31 and SEQ ID NO: 32) 33, SEQ ID NO: 34 and SEQ ID NO: 35) 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38 and SEQ ID NO: 39) 40, SEQ ID NO: 41 and SEQ ID NO: 42) 43, SEQ ID NO: 44 and SEQ ID NO: 45) 46, SEQ ID NO: 47 and SEQ ID NO: 48) 49, SEQ ID NO: 50 and SEQ ID NO: 51) 52, SEQ ID NO: 53 and SEQ ID NO: 54) 55 and SEQ ID NO: 56) 57, SEQ ID NO: 58 and SEQ ID NO: 59) 60, SEQ ID NO: 61 and SEQ ID NO: 62)

[0686] x being 2, 3 or 4,

[0687] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 45, SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47, SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62,

[0688] hybridization indicating the presence of toxigenic cyanobacteria of the Anabaena genus.

[0689] All the different embodiments described for the detection method according to embodiment A can be applied to embodiment D4.

[0690] As before, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0691] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection process is less than one hour.

[0692] The invention also relates to one of the methods for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria, as described according to embodiments A4, B4, C4 or D4, in a sample capable of also containing at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Planktothrix, further comprising the addition of a signal probe and an optional complex formed between the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Planktothrix and a capture probe on a support,

[0693] said capture probe and said signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65 and SEQ ID NO: 66) (SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68 and SEQ ID NO: 69)

[0694] x being 3 or 4,

[0695] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69,

[0696] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Planktothrix.

[0697] All the different embodiments described for the detection method according to embodiment A can be applied to embodiment D4.

[0698] As before, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Planktothrix is ​​0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0699] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection process is less than one hour.

[0700] The invention also relates to one of the methods for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria, as described above according to embodiments A, B4, C4, D4 or E4, in a sample capable of also containing at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Nodularia, further comprising the addition of a signal probe and an optional complex formed between the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Nodularia and a capture probe on a support,

[0701] the capture probe and the signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 71 and SEQ ID NO: 72) (SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 74 and SEQ ID NO: 75) (SEQ ID NO: 76 and SEQ ID NO: 77)

[0702] x being 2 or 3,

[0703] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77,

[0704] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Nodularia.

[0705] All the different embodiments described for the detection method according to embodiment A can be applied to embodiment F4.

[0706] As before, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Nodularia is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0707] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection method is less than one hour.

[0708] The invention also relates to one of the methods for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria, as described above according to one of the embodiments A4, B4, C4, D4, E4 or F4, in a sample capable of further containing at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Cylindrospermopsis, further comprising the addition of a signal probe and an optional complex formed between the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Cylindrospermopsis and a capture probe on a support,

[0709] the capture probe and the signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 79 and SEQ ID NO: 80)

[0710] x being 3,

[0711] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80,

[0712] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Cylindrospermopsis.

[0713] All the different embodiments described for the detection method according to embodiment A can be applied to embodiment G4.

[0714] As before, and in a particular embodiment, the minimum detection threshold of the toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Cylindrospermopsis is 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA also corresponds to a detection limit equivalent to 10 to 20 cells / mL.

[0715] Similarly, in a particular embodiment, the duration of the implementation of said detection process is less than one hour.

[0716] As with the first aspect relating to use, all combinations of embodiments A4, B4, C4, D4, E4, F4 and / or G4 of this fourth aspect can be considered. In this way, all combinations of toxin-producing cyanobacteria B to G32 described in the first aspect can be detected by the methods as described in this fourth aspect.

[0717] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon, comprising the following steps: • a) addition of a signal probe and a possible complex formed between the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon and a capture probe on a support, • b) detection of possible hybridization of the aforementioned complex with said signal probe, the hybridization taking place between the signal probe and the ribosomal nucleic acid of the aforementioned complex,

[0718] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Aphanizomenon,

[0719] said capture probe and said signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21 and SEQ ID NO: 22) (SEQ ID NO: 23 and SEQ ID NO: 24)

[0720] x being 2 or 3,

[0721] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24.

[0722] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Dolichospermum, comprising the following steps: • a) addition of a signal probe and a possible complex formed between the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Dolichospermum and a capture probe on a support, • b) detection of possible hybridization of the aforementioned complex with said signal probe, the hybridization taking place between the signal probe and the ribosomal nucleic acid of the aforementioned complex,

[0723] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Dolichospermum,

[0724] said capture probe and said signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 25 and SEQ ID NO: 26)

[0725] x being 2,

[0726] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26.

[0727] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena, comprising the following steps: • a) addition of a signal probe and a possible complex formed between the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena and a capture probe on a support, • b) detection of possible hybridization of the aforementioned complex with said signal probe, the hybridization taking place between the signal probe and the ribosomal nucleic acid of the aforementioned complex,

[0728] hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Anabaena,

[0729] said capture probe and said signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28 and SEQ ID NO: 29) (SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31 and SEQ ID NO: 32) (SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34 and SEQ ID NO: 35) (SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38 and SEQ ID NO: 39) (SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41 and SEQ ID NO: 42) (SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44 and SEQ ID NO: 45) (SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47 and SEQ ID NO: 48) (SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 50 and SEQ ID NO: 51) (SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53 and SEQ ID NO: 54) (SEQ ID NO: 55 and SEQ ID NO: 56) (SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58 and SEQ ID NO: 59) (SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61 and SEQ ID NO: 62)

[0730] x being 2, 3 or 4,

[0731] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the above-mentioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 45, SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47, SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62.

[0732] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Planktothrix, comprising the following steps: • a) addition of a signal probe and a possible complex formed between the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Planktothrix and a capture probe on a support, • b) detection of possible hybridization of the aforementioned complex with said signal probe, the hybridization taking place between the signal probe and the ribosomal nucleic acid of the aforementioned complex,

[0733] ​​hybridization indicating the presence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Planktothrix,

[0734] said capture probe and said signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65 and SEQ ID NO: 66) (SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68 and SEQ ID NO: 69)

[0735] x being 3 or 4,

[0736] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69.

[0737] According to one embodiment, and in all aspects of this fourth aspect, a positive control may be used. The positive control may, for example, be an acid Synthetic nucleic acid complementary to the capture probe and signal probe. The positive control can also be used as a standard.

[0738] According to one embodiment, and in all aspects of this fourth aspect, a negative control may be used. The negative control may, for example, be a synthetic nucleic acid that is not complementary to the capture probe and the signal probe.

[0739] According to one embodiment, and in all aspects of this fourth aspect, the simultaneous detection of several cyanobacteria is possible. In this case, the simultaneous detection is carried out on the same support, but separately. For example, if the support is a microplate, the detection of each cyanobacteria to be detected is carried out in separate wells of the microplate.

[0740] A fifth aspect of the invention relates to kits for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria.

[0741] Thus, according to this fifth aspect, the invention relates to a kit for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis, said kit containing: • a) at least one pair of probes specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO : 1, SEQ ID NO : 2, SEQ ID NO: 3 et SEQ ID NO : 4) (SEQ ID NO : 5, SEQ ID NO : 6 et SEQ ID NO : 7) (SEQ ID NO : 8, SEQ ID NO : 9, SEQ ID NO: 10 et SEQ ID NO : 11) (SEQ ID NO : 12, SEQ ID NO : 13 et SEQ ID NO : 14) (SEQ ID NO : 15, SEQ ID NO : 16 et SEQ ID NO : 17) (SEQ ID NO : 18 et SEQ ID NO : 19)

[0742] x étant 2, 3 ou 4

[0743] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19,

[0744] one probe of said pair being a capture probe bound to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe bound to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence,

[0745] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis, • b) optionally a hybridization solution • c) possibly a washing solution • d) possibly one or more revelation solutions.

[0746] The invention also relates to a kit, as described above according to embodiment A, for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis and / or Aphanizomenon, said kit further containing: • a) at least one pair of probes specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Aphanizomenon, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21 and SEQ ID NO: 22) (SEQ ID NO: 23 and SEQ ID NO: 24)

[0747] x being 2 or 3,

[0748] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24,

[0749] a probe of said pair being a capture probe linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence,

[0750] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon.

[0751] The invention also relates to a kit, as described above in embodiment A or B, for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis and / or Dolichospermum, said kit further containing: • a) at least one pair of probes specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Dolichospermum, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 25 and SEQ ID NO: 26)

[0752] x being 2,

[0753] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26,

[0754] a probe of said pair being a capture probe linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence,

[0755] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Dolichospermum.

[0756] The invention also relates to a kit, as described above in embodiment A, B or C, for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis and / or Anabaena, said kit further containing: a) at least one pair of probes specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Anabaena, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO 27, SEQ ID NO: 28 and SEQ ID NO: 29) 30, SEQ ID NO: 31 and SEQ ID NO: 32) 33, SEQ ID NO: 34 and SEQ ID NO: 35) 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38 and SEQ ID NO: 39) 40, SEQ ID NO: 41 and SEQ ID NO: 42) 43, SEQ ID NO: 44 and SEQ ID NO: 45) 46, SEQ ID NO: 47 and SEQ ID NO: 48) 49, SEQ ID NO: 50 and SEQ ID NO: 51) 52, SEQ ID NO: 53 and SEQ ID NO: 54) 55 and SEQ ID NO: 56) 57, SEQ ID NO: 58 and SEQ ID NO: 59) 60, SEQ ID NO: 61 and SEQ ID NO: 62)

[0757] x being 2, 3 or 4,

[0758] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the above sequences SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 45, SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47, SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62,

[0759] a probe of said pair being a capture probe linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence,

[0760] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena.

[0761] The invention also relates to a kit, as described above in embodiment A, B, C or D, for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis and / or Planktothrix, said kit further containing: • a) at least one pair of probes specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Planktothrix, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65 and SEQ ID NO: 66) (SEQID NO: 67, SEQID NO: 68 and SEQID NO: 69)

[0762] x being 3 or 4,

[0763] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69,

[0764] a probe of said pair being a capture probe linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence,

[0765] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Planktothrix.

[0766] The invention also relates to a kit, as described above according to embodiment A, B, C, D or E, for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis and / or Nodularia, said kit further containing: • a) at least one pair of probes specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Nodularia, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 71 and SEQ ID NO: 72) (SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 74 and SEQ ID NO: 75) (SEQ ID NO: 76 and SEQ ID NO: 77)

[0767] x being 2 or 3,

[0768] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77,

[0769] a probe of said pair being a capture probe linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence,

[0770] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Nodularia.

[0771] The invention also relates to a kit, as described above in embodiment A, B, C, D, E or F, for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis and / or Cylindrospermopsis, said kit further containing: • a) at least one pair of probes specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Cylindrospermopsis, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 79 and SEQ ID NO: 80)

[0772] x being 3,

[0773] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80,

[0774] a probe of said pair being a capture probe linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence,

[0775] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Cylindrospermopsis.

[0776] As with the first aspect relating to use, all combinations of embodiments A, B, C, D, E, F and / or G of this fifth aspect can be considered. In this way, all combinations of toxin-producing cyanobacteria B to G32 described in the first aspect can be detected by the kits as described in this fifth aspect.

[0777] According to another embodiment, the invention also relates to a kit for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Aphanizomenon, said kit containing: • a) at least one pair of probes specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Aphanizomenon, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21 and SEQ ID NO: 22) (SEQ ID NO: 23 and SEQ ID NO: 24)

[0778] x being 2 or 3,

[0779] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24, one probe of said pair being a capture probe linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence,

[0780] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon, • b) optionally a hybridization solution • c) possibly a washing solution • d) possibly one or more disclosure solutions

[0781] According to another embodiment, the invention also relates to a kit for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Dolichospermum, said kit containing: • a) at least one pair of probes specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Dolichospermum, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 25 and SEQ ID NO: 26)

[0782] x being 2,

[0783] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26,

[0784] a probe of said pair being a capture probe linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence,

[0785] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Dolichospermum, • b) possibly a hybridization solution • c) possibly a washing solution • d) possibly one or more disclosure solutions

[0786] According to another embodiment, the invention also relates to a kit for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Anabaena, said kit containing: • a) at least one pair of probes specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Anabaena, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO (SEQ ID NO 27, SEQ ID NO: 28 and SEQ ID NO: 29) 30, SEQ ID NO: 31 and SEQ ID NO: 32) 33, SEQ ID NO: 34 and SEQ ID NO: 35) 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38 and SEQ ID NO: 39) 40, SEQ ID NO: 41 and SEQ ID NO: 42) 43, SEQ ID NO: 44 and SEQ ID NO: 45) 46, SEQ ID NO: 47 and SEQ ID NO: 48) 49, SEQ ID NO: 50 and SEQ ID NO: 51) 52, SEQ ID NO: 53 and SEQ ID NO: 54) 55 and SEQ ID NO: 56) 57, SEQ ID NO: 58 and SEQ ID NO: 59) 60, SEQ ID NO: 61 and SEQ ID NO: 62)

[0787] x being 2, 3 or 4,

[0788] ou les séquences desdites sondes ayant au moins 92% d’identité avec les susdites séquences SEQ ID NO : 27, SEQ ID NO : 28, SEQ ID NO : 29, SEQ ID NO : 30, SEQ ID NO : 31, SEQ ID NO : 32, SEQ ID NO : 33, SEQ ID NO : 34, SEQ ID NO : 35, SEQ ID NO : 36, SEQ ID NO : 37, SEQ ID NO : 38, SEQ ID NO : 39, SEQ ID NO : 40, SEQ ID NO : 41, SEQ ID NO : 42, SEQ ID NO : 43, SEQ ID NO : 44, SEQ ID NO : 45, SEQ ID NO : 46, SEQ ID NO : 47, SEQ ID NO : 48, SEQ ID NO : 49, SEQ ID NO : 50, SEQ ID NO : 51, SEQ ID NO : 52, SEQ ID NO : 53, SEQ ID NO : 54, SEQID NO: 55, SEQID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62,

[0789] one probe of said pair being a capture probe linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence,

[0790] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena, • b) optionally a hybridization solution • c) possibly a washing solution • d) possibly one or more disclosure solutions

[0791] According to another embodiment, the invention also relates to a kit for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Planktothrix, said kit containing: • a) at least one pair of probes specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Planktothrix, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65 and SEQ ID NO: 66) (SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68 and SEQ ID NO: 69)

[0792] x being 3 or 4,

[0793] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69,

[0794] one probe of said pair being a capture probe bound to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe bound to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence,

[0795] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Planktothrix, • b) optionally a hybridization solution • c) possibly a washing solution • d) possibly one or more disclosure solutions

[0796] In all embodiments of this fifth aspect, and according to a particular embodiment, said capture probe is linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 5' of its sequence and said signal probe is linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 5' of its sequence.

[0797] In all embodiments of this fifth aspect, and according to a particular embodiment, said capture probe is linked to at least one molecule attachment positioned at 5' of its sequence and said signal probe is linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 3' of its sequence.

[0798] In all embodiments of this fifth aspect, and according to a particular embodiment, said capture probe is linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' of its sequence and said signal probe is linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned at 5' of its sequence.

[0799] In all embodiments of this fifth aspect, and according to a particular embodiment, said capture probe is linked to an attachment molecule positioned at 3' of its sequence and said signal probe is linked to one or more labeling molecules positioned at 3' of its sequence.

[0800] In all embodiments of this fifth aspect, said at least one attachment molecule may be selected from a biotin molecule, avidin, streptavidin, a thiol group, an amine group and a carbon group.

[0801] In all embodiments of this fifth aspect, and in a particularly preferred embodiment, said at least one attachment molecule is a biotin molecule.

[0802] In all embodiments of this fifth aspect, said at least one labeling molecule may be selected from a fluorochrome, a biotin, a biotin-related molecule, digoxigenin, an enzyme using a chemiluminescent substrate, an enzyme using a chromogenic substrate or an enzyme using an electrochemical oxidation substrate.

[0803] In all embodiments of this fifth aspect, and in a particularly preferred embodiment, said at least one labeling molecule is digoxigenin.

[0804] In all embodiments of this fifth aspect, said fluorochrome may be selected from the group consisting of: Alexa fluor, in particular Alexa fluor 350, 405, 430, 488, 500, 514, 532, 546, 555, 568, 594, 610, 633, 647, 660, 680, 700, 750 or 790, Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC), Rhodamine, Allophycocyanin (APC) and Phycoerythrin (PE).

[0805] In all embodiments of this fifth aspect, said chemiluminescent substrate-using enzyme may be horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and said chemiluminescent substrate may be luminol, or alternatively, said chemiluminescent substrate-using enzyme may be luciferase and said chemiluminescent substrate may be luciferin.

[0806] In all embodiments of this fifth aspect, said enzyme using a chromogenic substrate may be alkaline phosphatase and said chromogenic substrate may be tetrazolium Nitroblue (NBT) and bromochlorylindolophosphate (BCIP), or alternatively, said enzyme using a substrate chromogen may be horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and said chromogenic substrate may be selected from 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine (DAB), 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), or 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS).

[0807] In all embodiments of this fifth aspect, said enzyme using an electrochemically oxidizing substrate may be horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and said electrochemically oxidizing substrate may be 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB).

[0808] In all embodiments of this fifth aspect, and in a particular embodiment, said hybridization solution may comprise 0 to 0.3 M NaCl, 0 to 0.1 M buffer selected from citrate, Tris-HCl, PIPES, HEPES or phosphate, 0.001 to 0.05% detergent selected from SDS, Triton, TWEEN20, optionally 0.001 to 0.5 M chelating agent selected from EDTA or EGTA, optionally 0.1 to 30% blocking agent selected from BSA, Herring DNA, Salmon DNA, Calf DNA, Yeast DNA or an exogenous protein and optionally another chemical agent selected from MgCl2, CaCl2 and KC1, preferably MgCl2.

[0809] In all embodiments of this fifth aspect, and in another particular embodiment, said hybridization solution comprises 0.1 M to 1 M of NaCl or KCl, 0.01 M to 1 M of Tris-HCl, HEPES, PBS, KH2PO4 or SSC of a pH from 6.0 to 9.0, 0.01 and 0.05% of detergent agent selected from SDS or N-Lauroylsarcosine, optionally 0.01 and 0.1 M of chelating agent selected from EDTA, EGTA or a similar chelating agent selected from calcium citrate or sodium hexametaphosphate and optionally 0.1 and 30% of blocking agent selected from a protein such as Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) protein or a nucleic acid such as Herring DNA.

[0810] In all embodiments of this fifth aspect, and in another particular embodiment, said hybridization solution consists of 0.3M NaCl, 0.08M Tris-HCl and 0.04% SDS and has a pH of 8.

[0811] In all embodiments of this fifth aspect, and in a particular embodiment, said washing solution comprises 0 to 0.3 M NaCl, 0 to 0.1 M buffer selected from sodium citrate, Tris-HCl, PIPES, HEPES or phosphate, 0.001 to 0.05% detergent selected from SDS, Triton, TWEEN20, optionally 0.001 to 0.5 M chelating agent selected from EDTA or EGTA, optionally 0.1 to 30% blocking agent selected from BSA, herring DNA, salmon DNA, calf DNA, yeast DNA or an exogenous protein and optionally another chemical agent selected from MgCl2, CaCl2 and KC1, preferably MgCl2.

[0812] In all embodiments of this fifth aspect, and in another particular embodiment, said washing solution comprises 0.1 M to 1 M of NaCl or KCl, 0.01 M to 1 M of Tris-HCl, HEPES, PBS, KH2PO4 or SSC of a pH from 6.0 to 9.0, 0.01 and 0.05% of detergent agent selected from SDS or N-Lauroylsarcosine, optionally 0.01 and 0.1 M of chelating agent selected from EDTA, EGTA or a similar chelating agent selected from calcium citrate or sodium hexametaphosphate and optionally 0.1 and 30% of blocking agent selected from a protein such as Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) protein or a nucleic acid such as Herring DNA.

[0813] In all embodiments of this fifth aspect, and in another particular embodiment, said washing solution comprises 0.01 and 0.7 M of PBS, Na2HPO4, KH2PO4, K2PO4 and / or SSC, and 0.1 and 0.4 M of NaCl or KCl.

[0814] In all embodiments of this fifth aspect, and in another particular embodiment, said washing solution consists of 0.1M of K2PO4, 0.1M of KH2PO4 and 0.1M of KCl and has a pH of 7.6.

[0815] In all embodiments of this fifth aspect, the term "detection solution" means any solution containing the means necessary for detecting any hybridization between the capture probe, the ribosomal nucleic acid, and the signal probe. Depending on the labeling molecule used, the kit of the present invention may comprise one or more detection solutions.

[0816] For example, when the labeling molecule is a biotin molecule or is conjugated to a biotin molecule, the developing solution may contain a fluorochrome conjugated to streptavidin or avidin.

[0817] For example, when the labeling molecule is a digoxigenin molecule, the detection solution may contain a fluorochrome conjugated to an anti-digoxigenin antibody.

[0818] For example, when the labeling molecule is an enzyme using a chemiluminescent substrate, such as horseradish peroxidase or luciferase, the developing solution may contain the corresponding chemiluminescent substrate, such as luminol when the enzyme using a chemiluminescent substrate is horseradish peroxidase or luciferin when the enzyme using a chemiluminescent substrate is luciferase.

[0819] For example, when the labeling molecule is an enzyme using a chromogenic substrate, such as alkaline phosphatase or horseradish peroxidase, the detection solution may contain the corresponding chromogenic substrate, such as tetrazolium Nitroblue (NBT) or bromochlorylindolophosphate (BCIP) when the enzyme using a chromogenic substrate is alkaline phosphatase. or 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine (DAB), 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), or 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) when the chemiluminescent substrate-using enzyme is horseradish peroxidase.

[0820] For example, when the labeling molecule is an enzyme using an electrochemically oxidizing substrate, such as horseradish peroxidase, the detection solution may contain the electrochemically oxidizing substrate, such as 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB).

[0821] For example, when the labeling molecule is a biotin molecule or is conjugated to a biotin molecule, the kit of the present invention may include two development solutions.

[0822] One of the disclosure solutions may, for example, include: - an enzyme using a chemiluminescent substrate, such as horseradish peroxidase or luciferase, coupled to streptavidin or avidin, or - an enzyme using a chromogenic substrate, such as alkaline phosphatase or horseradish peroxidase, coupled to streptavidin or avidin, or - an enzyme using an electrochemically oxidized substrate, such as horseradish peroxidase.

[0823] The alternative disclosure solution may include: - a chemiluminescent substrate, such as luminol when the enzyme using a chemiluminescent substrate is horseradish peroxidase or luciferin when the enzyme using a chemiluminescent substrate is luciferase, or - a chromogenic substrate, such as tetrazolium Nitroblue (NBT) or bromochlorylindolophosphate (BCIP) when the enzyme using a chromogenic substrate is alkaline phosphatase or 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine (DAB), 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), or 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) when the enzyme using a chemiluminescent substrate is horseradish peroxidase, or - an electrochemical oxidation substrate, such as 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB).

[0824] For example, when the labeling molecule is a digoxigenin molecule, the kit of the present invention may include two development solutions.

[0825] One of the disclosure solutions may, for example, contain: - an enzyme using a chemiluminescent substrate conjugated to an anti-digoxigenin antibody, or - an enzyme using a chromogenic substrate conjugated to an anti-digoxigenin antibody, or - an enzyme using an electrochemical oxidation substrate conjugated to an anti-digoxigenin antibody, or

[0826] The alternative disclosure solution may include: - a chemiluminescent substrate, such as luminol when the enzyme using a chemiluminescent substrate is horseradish peroxidase or luciferin when the enzyme using a chemiluminescent substrate is luciferase, or - a chromogenic substrate, such as tetrazolium Nitroblue (NBT) or bromochlorylindolophosphate (BCIP) when the enzyme using a chromogenic substrate is alkaline phosphatase or 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine (DAB), 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), or 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) when the enzyme using a chemiluminescent substrate is horseradish peroxidase, or - an electrochemical oxidation substrate, such as 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB).

[0827] In all embodiments of this fifth aspect, and in a particular embodiment, said kit may further include a lysis solution.

[0828] According to this particular embodiment, said lysis solution may comprise a neutral buffer selected from phosphate, SSC or Tris, a chaotropic agent selected from guanidium chloride, an ionic or non-ionic detergent such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or Triton X100, a reducing agent selected from β-mercaptoethanol or DiThioTreitol and a chelating agent selected from Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA) or Ethylene Glycol Tetraacetic Acid (EGTA).

[0829] In all embodiments of this fifth aspect, and in a particular embodiment, said kit may further comprise a chromogenic substrate when: - the labeling molecule is an enzyme using a chromogenic substrate, - The labeling molecule is biotin and is detected via an enzyme using a chromogenic substrate conjugated to streptavidin or avidin - the labeling molecule is conjugated to biotin and is detected via an enzyme using a chromogenic substrate conjugated to streptavidin or avidin - the labeling molecule is digoxigenin and is detected via an enzyme using a chromogenic substrate conjugated to an anti-digoxigenin antibody.

[0830] According to this particular embodiment, said enzyme using a chromogenic substrate may be alkaline phosphatase and said chromogenic substrate may be tetrazolium Nitroblue (NBT) and bromochlorylindolophosphate (BCIP), or, said enzyme using a chromogenic substrate may be horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and said chromogenic substrate may be selected from 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine (DAB), 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), or 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS).

[0831] In all embodiments of this fifth aspect, and in a particular embodiment, said kit may further comprise a chemiluminescent substrate when: - the labeling molecule is an enzyme using a chemiluminescent substrate - The labeling molecule is biotin and is detected via an enzyme using a chemiluminescent substrate conjugated to streptavidin or avidin - The labeling molecule is conjugated to biotin and is detected via an enzyme using a chemiluminescent substrate conjugated to streptavidin or avidin - the labeling molecule is digoxigenin and is detected via an enzyme using a chemiluminescent substrate conjugated to an anti-digoxigenin antibody.

[0832] According to this particular embodiment, said chemiluminescent substrate-using enzyme may be horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and said chemiluminescent substrate may be luminol, or alternatively, said chemiluminescent substrate-using enzyme may be luciferase and said chemiluminescent substrate may be luciferin.

[0833] In all embodiments of this fifth aspect, and in a particular embodiment, said kit may further comprise an electrochemical oxidation substrate when: - the labeling molecule is an enzyme using an electrochemically oxidized substrate - The labeling molecule is biotin and is detected via an enzyme using an electrochemical oxidation substrate conjugated to streptavidin or avidin - the labeling molecule is conjugated to biotin and is detected via an enzyme using an electrochemical oxidation substrate conjugated to streptavidin or avidin, or - the labeling molecule is digoxigenin and is detected via an enzyme using an electrochemical oxidation substrate conjugated to an anti-digoxigenin antibody.

[0834] According to this particular embodiment, said enzyme using an electrochemically oxidizing substrate may be horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and said electrochemically oxidizing substrate may be 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB).

[0835] In all embodiments of this fifth aspect, and in a particular embodiment, said kit may further include a solution containing an anti-digoxigenin antibody when the labeling molecule is digoxigenin.

[0836] According to this particular embodiment, said anti-digoxigenin antibody may be conjugated: - to a fluorochrome - to an enzyme using a chromogenic substrate - to an enzyme using a chemiluminescent substrate - to an enzyme using an electrochemically oxidized substrate.

[0837] According to this particular embodiment, said fluorochrome may be selected from the group consisting of: Alexa fluor, in particular Alexa fluor 350, 405, 430, 488, 500, 514, 532, 546, 555, 568, 594, 610, 633, 647, 660, 680, 700, 750 or 790, Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC), Rhodamine, Allophycocyanin (APC) and Phycoerythrin (PE).

[0838] According to this particular embodiment, said enzyme using a chromogenic substrate may be alkaline phosphatase and said chromogenic substrate may be tetrazolium Nitroblue (NBT) and bromochlorylindolophosphate (BCIP), or, said enzyme using a chromogenic substrate may be horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and said chromogenic substrate may be selected from 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine (DAB), 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), or 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS).

[0839] According to this particular embodiment, said chemiluminescent substrate-using enzyme may be horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and said chemiluminescent substrate may be luminol, or alternatively, said chemiluminescent substrate-using enzyme may be luciferase and said chemiluminescent substrate may be luciferin.

[0840] According to this particular embodiment, said enzyme using an electrochemically oxidizing substrate may be horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and said electrochemically oxidizing substrate may be 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB).

[0841] In all embodiments of this fifth aspect, and in a particular embodiment, said kit may further include a support.

[0842] According to this particular embodiment, said support may be chosen from the group consisting of: a microplate, a glass slide, beads magnetic, electrodes printed in different materials such as carbon or gold.

[0843] According to this particular embodiment, said support can be functionalized with streptavidin, avidin, an aldehyde group, an epoxy group, a carboxyl group, an isothiocyanate group, gold, mercaptosilane or a maleimide group.

[0844] In all embodiments of this fifth aspect, and in a particular embodiment, said kit may further comprise a positive control. The positive control may be a synthetic nucleic acid molecule complementary to said signal probe and said capture probe.

[0845] In all embodiments of this fifth aspect, and in a particular embodiment, said kit may further comprise a negative control. The negative control may be a synthetic nucleic acid molecule that is not complementary to said signal probe and said capture probe.

[0846] In all embodiments of this fifth aspect, and in a particular embodiment, said signal probes may be retained in one of the hybridization solutions as defined above.

[0847] In all embodiments of this fifth aspect, and in a particular embodiment, said capture probes may be stored on a medium as defined above.

[0848] In all embodiments of this fifth aspect, and in a particular embodiment, said support containing said capture probes can be kept in a preservation solution such as, for example, the commercial ProClin solution (Sigma-Aldrich, 48912-U).

[0849] In all embodiments of this fifth aspect, and in a particular embodiment, said support containing said capture probes may preferably be kept lyophilized.

[0850] In one aspect of the invention, said kit is preferably kept at 4°C.

[0851] In all embodiments of this fifth aspect, and in a particular embodiment, said kit further containing a procedure for using said kit.

[0852] Another aspect of the invention relates to a kit for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis, said kit containing: • a) at least one pair of probes specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3 and SEQ ID NO: 4) (SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6 and SEQ ID NO: 7) (SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10 and SEQ ID NO: 11) (SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14) (SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16 and SEQ ID NO: 17) (SEQ ID NO: 18 and SEQ ID NO: 19)

[0853] x being 2, 3 or 4

[0854] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19,

[0855] one probe of said pair being a capture probe bound to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe bound to at least one signal molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence,

[0856] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis,

[0857] said attachment molecule being a biotin molecule,

[0858] said signal molecule being digoxigenin • b) a hybridization solution containing 0.3M NaCl, 0.08M Tris-HCl and 0.04% SDS and pH 8, • c) a washing solution containing 0.1 M K2PO4, 0.1 M KH2PO4 and 0.1 M KCl and has a pH of 7.6, • d) a lysis solution being a commercial solution from the Quick-RNA™ MiniPrep kit (Zymo Research, USA), • e) a support, said support being a microplate functionalized with streptavidin or avidin • f) a solution containing an anti-digoxigenin antibody, said anti-digoxigenin antibody being linked to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) • g) a chromogenic substrate, said chromogenic substrate being 3,3', 5, 5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), (h) a positive control, said positive control being a synthetic nucleic acid molecule complementary to said signal probe and said capture probe • (i) a negative control, said negative control being a synthetic nucleic acid molecule not complementary to said signal probe and said capture probe

[0859] said capture probes being kept lyophilized on said support,

[0860] said signal probes being kept in said hybridization solution.

[0861] Another aspect of this fifth aspect relates to a kit for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis and / or Aphanizomenon, said kit containing: • a) at least one pair of probes specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO : 1, SEQ ID NO : 2, SEQ ID NO: 3 et SEQ ID NO : 4) (SEQ ID NO : 5, SEQ ID NO : 6 et SEQ ID NO : 7) (SEQ ID NO : 8, SEQ ID NO : 9, SEQ ID NO: 10 et SEQ ID NO : 11) (SEQ ID NO : 12, SEQ ID NO : 13 et SEQ ID NO : 14) (SEQ ID NO : 15, SEQ ID NO : 16 et SEQ ID NO : 17) (SEQ ID NO : 18 et SEQ ID NO : 19)

[0862] x étant 2, 3 ou 4

[0863] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19,

[0864] one probe of said pair being a capture probe bound to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe bound to at least one signal molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence,

[0865] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis,

[0866] said attachment molecule being a biotin molecule,

[0867] said signal molecule being digoxigenin • b) at least one pair of probes specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Aphanizomenon, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21 and SEQ ID NO: 22) (SEQ ID NO: 23 and SEQ ID NO: 24)

[0868] x being 2 or 3,

[0869] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24,

[0870] a probe of said couple being a capture probe linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said couple being a signal probe linked to at least one signal molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence,

[0871] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon,

[0872] said attachment molecule being a biotin molecule,

[0873] said signaling molecule being digoxigenin • c) a hybridization solution containing 0.3M NaCl, 0.08M Tris-HCl and 0.04% SDS and pH 8, • d) a washing solution containing 0.1 M K2PO4, 0.1 M KH2PO4 and 0.1 M KCl and has a pH of 7.6, • e) a lysis solution being a commercial solution from the Quick-RNA™ MiniPrep kit (Zymo Research, USA), • f) a support, said support being a microplate functionalized with streptavidin or avidin • g) a solution containing an anti-digoxigenin antibody, said anti-digoxigenin antibody being linked to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) • h) a chromogenic substrate, said chromogenic substrate being 3,3', 5, 5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), • i) a positive control, said positive control being a synthetic nucleic acid molecule complementary to said signal probe and said capture probe, • j) a negative control, said negative control being a synthetic nucleic acid molecule not complementary to said signal probe and said capture probe,

[0874] said capture probes being kept lyophilized on said support,

[0875] said signal probes being kept in said hybridization solution.

[0876] Another aspect of this fifth aspect relates to a kit for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genera Microcystis and / or Aphanizomenon and / or Dolichospermum, said kit containing: • a) at least one pair of probes specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3 and SEQ ID NO: 4) (SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6 and SEQ ID NO: 7) (SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10 and SEQ ID NO: 11) (SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14) (SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16 and SEQ ID NO: 17) (SEQ ID NO: 18 and SEQ ID NO: 19)

[0877] x being 2, 3 or 4,

[0878] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19,

[0879] one probe of said pair being a capture probe bound to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe bound to at least one signal molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence,

[0880] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis,

[0881] said attachment molecule being a biotin molecule,

[0882] said signal molecule being digoxigenin • b) at least one pair of probes specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Aphanizomenon, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21 and SEQ ID NO: 22) (SEQ ID NO: 23 and SEQ ID NO: 24)

[0883] x being 2 or 3,

[0884] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24,

[0885] a probe of said pair being a capture probe linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe linked to at least one signal molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence

[0886] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon,

[0887] said attachment molecule being a biotin molecule,

[0888] said signal molecule being digoxigenin, • c) at least one pair of probes specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Dolichospermum, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO 25 and SEQ ID NO 26)

[0889] x being 2,

[0890] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26,

[0891] a probe of said pair being a capture probe linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe linked to at least one signal molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence,

[0892] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Dolichospermum,

[0893] said attachment molecule being a biotin molecule,

[0894] said signaling molecule being digoxigenin, • d) a hybridization solution containing 0.3M NaCl, 0.08M Tris-HCl and 0.04% SDS and pH 8, • e) a washing solution containing 0.1M K2PO4, 0.1 M KH2PO4 and 0.1M KCl and has a pH of 7.6. • f) a lysis solution being a commercial solution from the Quick-RNA™ MiniPrep kit (Zymo Research, USA), • (g) a support, said support being a microplate functionalized with streptavidin or avidin • h) a solution containing an anti-digoxigenin antibody, said anti-digoxigenin antibody being linked to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) • i) a chromogenic substrate, said chromogenic substrate being 3,3', 5, 5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), • j) a positive control, said positive control being a synthetic nucleic acid molecule complementary to said signal probe and said capture probe, • k) a negative control, said negative control being a synthetic nucleic acid molecule not complementary to said signal probe and said capture probe,

[0895] said capture probes being preserved lyophilized on said support,

[0896] said signal probes being stored in said hybridization solution.

[0897] Another aspect of this fifth aspect also relates to a kit for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Aphanizomenon, said kit containing: • a) at least one pair of probes specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Aphanizomenon, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21 and SEQ ID NO: 22) (SEQ ID NO: 23 and SEQ ID NO: 24)

[0898] x being 2 or 3,

[0899] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24,

[0900] a probe of said pair being a capture probe linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe linked to at least one signal molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence,

[0901] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon,

[0902] said attachment molecule being a biotin molecule,

[0903] said signaling molecule being digoxigenin, • b) a hybridization solution containing 0.3M NaCl, 0.08M Tris-HCl and 0.04% SDS and pH 8, • c) a washing solution containing 0.1M of K2PO4, 0.1 M of KH2PO4 and 0.1M of KCl and is of pH 7.6. • d) a lysis solution being a commercial solution from the Quick-RNA™ MiniPrep kit (Zymo Research, USA), • e) a support, said support being a microplate functionalized with streptavidin or avidin, • f) a solution containing an anti-digoxigenin antibody, said anti-digoxigenin antibody being linked to horseradish peroxidase (HRP), • g) a chromogenic substrate, said chromogenic substrate being 3,3', 5, 5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), • h) a positive control, said positive control being a synthetic nucleic acid molecule complementary to said signal probe and said capture probe, • i) a negative control, said negative control being a synthetic nucleic acid molecule not complementary to said signal probe and said capture probe,

[0904] said capture probes being preserved lyophilized on said support,

[0905] said signal probes being stored in said hybridization solution.

[0906] Another aspect of this fifth aspect also relates to a kit for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Dolichospermum, said kit containing: • a) at least one pair of probes specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Dolichospermum, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO 25 and SEQ ID NO 26)

[0907] x being 2,

[0908] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26,

[0909] a probe of said pair being a capture probe linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe linked to at least one signal molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence,

[0910] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Dolichospermum,

[0911] said attachment molecule being a biotin molecule,

[0912] said signaling molecule being digoxigenin, • b) a hybridization solution containing 0.3M NaCl, 0.08M Tris-HCl and 0.04% SDS and pH 8, • c) a washing solution containing 0.1M of K2PO4, 0.1 M of KH2PO4 and 0.1M of KCl and is of pH 7.6. • d) a lysis solution being a commercial solution from the Quick-RNA™ MiniPrep kit (Zymo Research, USA), • e) a support, said support being a microplate functionalized with streptavidin or avidin, • f) a solution containing an anti-digoxigenin antibody, said anti-digoxigenin antibody being linked to horseradish peroxidase (HRP), • g) a chromogenic substrate, said chromogenic substrate being 3,3', 5, 5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), • h) a positive control, said positive control being a synthetic nucleic acid molecule complementary to said signal probe and said capture probe, • i) a negative control, said negative control being a synthetic nucleic acid molecule not complementary to said signal probe and said capture probe,

[0913] said capture probes being preserved lyophilized on said support,

[0914] said signal probes being stored in said hybridization solution.

[0915] Another aspect of this fifth aspect also relates to a kit for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Anabaena, said kit containing: • a) at least one pair of probes specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Anabaena, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28 and SEQ ID NO: 29) (SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31 and SEQ ID NO: 32) (SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34 and SEQ ID NO: 35) (SEQID NO: 36, SEQID NO: 37, SEQID NO: 38 and SEQID NO: 39) (SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41 and SEQ ID NO: 42) (SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44 and SEQ ID NO: 45) (SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47 and SEQ ID NO: 48) (SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 50 and SEQ ID NO: 51) (SEQ ID NO : 52, SEQ ID NO : 53 et SEQ ID NO : 54) (SEQ ID NO : 55 et SEQ ID NO : 56) (SEQ ID NO : 57, SEQ ID NO : 58 et SEQ ID NO : 59) (SEQ ID NO : 60, SEQ ID NO : 61 et SEQ ID NO : 62)

[0916] x étant 2, 3 ou 4,

[0917] ou les séquences desdites sondes ayant au moins 92% d’identité avec les susdites séquences SEQ ID NO : 27, SEQ ID NO : 28, SEQ ID NO : 29, SEQ ID NO : 30, SEQ ID NO : 31, SEQ ID NO : 32, SEQ ID NO : 33, SEQ ID NO : 34, SEQ ID NO : 35, SEQ ID NO : 36, SEQ ID NO : 37, SEQ ID NO : 38, SEQ ID NO : 39, SEQ ID NO : 40, SEQ ID NO : 41, SEQ ID NO : 42, SEQ ID NO : 43, SEQ ID NO : 44, SEQ ID NO : 45, SEQ ID NO : 46, SEQ ID NO : 47, SEQ ID NO : 48, SEQ ID NO : 49, SEQ ID NO : 50, SEQ ID NO : 51, SEQ ID NO : 52, SEQ ID NO : 53, SEQ ID NO : 54, SEQ ID NO : 55, SEQ ID NO : 56, SEQ ID NO : 57, SEQ ID NO : 58, SEQ ID NO : 59, SEQ ID NO : 60, SEQ ID NO : 61, SEQ ID NO : 62,

[0918] a probe of said pair being a capture probe linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe linked to at least one signal molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence,

[0919] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena,

[0920] said attachment molecule being a biotin molecule,

[0921] said signal molecule being digoxigenin, • b) a hybridization solution containing 0.3M NaCl, 0.08M Tris-HCl and 0.04% SDS and pH 8, • c) a washing solution containing 0.1M of K2PO4, 0.1 M of KH2PO4 and 0.1M of KCl and is of pH 7.6. • d) a lysis solution being a commercial solution from the Quick-RNA™ MiniPrep kit (Zymo Research, USA), • e) a support, said support being a microplate functionalized with streptavidin or avidin, • f) a solution containing an anti-digoxigenin antibody, said anti-digoxigenin antibody being linked to horseradish peroxidase (HRP), • g) a chromogenic substrate, said chromogenic substrate being 3,3', 5, 5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), • h) a positive control, said positive control being a synthetic nucleic acid molecule complementary to said signal probe and said capture probe, • i) a negative control, said negative control being a synthetic nucleic acid molecule not complementary to said signal probe and said capture probe,

[0922] said capture probes being preserved lyophilized on said support,

[0923] said signal probes being stored in said hybridization solution.

[0924] Another aspect of this fifth aspect also relates to a kit for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Planktothrix, said kit containing: • a) at least one pair of probes specific to toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Planktothrix, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQID NO: 63, SEQID NO: 64, SEQID NO: 65 and SEQID NO: 66) (SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68 and SEQ ID NO: 69)

[0925] x being 3 or 4,

[0926] or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69,

[0927] a probe of said pair being a capture probe linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe linked to at least one signal molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence,

[0928] said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Planktothrix,

[0929] said attachment molecule being a biotin molecule,

[0930] said signaling molecule being digoxigenin, • b) a hybridization solution containing 0.3M NaCl, 0.08M Tris-HCl and 0.04% SDS and pH 8, • c) a washing solution containing 0.1M of K2PO4, 0.1 M of KH2PO4 and 0.1M of KCl and is of pH 7.6. • d) a lysis solution being a commercial solution from the Quick-RNA™ MiniPrep kit (Zymo Research, USA), • e) a support, said support being a microplate functionalized with streptavidin or avidin, • f) a solution containing an anti-digoxigenin antibody, said anti-digoxigenin antibody being linked to horseradish peroxidase (HRP), • g) a chromogenic substrate, said chromogenic substrate being 3,3', 5, 5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), • h) a positive control, said positive control being a synthetic nucleic acid molecule complementary to said signal probe and said capture probe, • i) a negative control, said negative control being a synthetic nucleic acid molecule not complementary to said signal probe and said capture probe,

[0931] said capture probes being stored lyophilized on said support,

[0932] said signal probes being stored in said hybridization solution.

[0933] A sixth aspect of the invention relates to devices for the detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria.

[0934] Thus, according to this sixth aspect, the invention relates to a device comprising a support including specific probes for toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis for implementing a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis, said probes having a sequence selected from the following sequences:

[0935] SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQID NO: 3, SEQID NO: 4, SEQID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19 or sequences having at least 92% identity with the above sequences SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19,

[0936] each probe being linked or capable of being linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence,

[0937] said probes being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis possibly present in said sample in order to form a complex.

[0938] Similarly, the invention also relates to a device comprising a support, as described above in embodiment A, further comprising specific probes for toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Aphanizomenon for implementing a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis and / or Aphanizomenon, said probes having a sequence chosen from the following sequences:

[0939] SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24 or the sequence of said probe having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24,

[0940] each probe being linked or capable of being linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence,

[0941] said probes being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis and / or Aphanizomenon possibly present in said sample in order to form a complex.

[0942] Similarly, the invention also relates to one of the devices consisting of a support, as described above according to embodiments A or B, further comprising specific probes for toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Dolichospermum for implementing a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis and / or Dolichospermum, said probes having a sequence selected from the following sequences:

[0943] SEQ ID NO 25, SEQ ID NO 26 or the sequence of said probe having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO 25, SEQ ID NO 26,

[0944] each probe being linked or capable of being linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence,

[0945] said probes being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Dolichospermum possibly present in said sample in order to form a complex.

[0946] Similarly, the invention also relates to one of the devices consisting of a support, as described above according to embodiments A, B or C, further comprising specific probes for toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Anabaena for implementing a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis and / or Anabaena, said probes having a sequence selected from the following sequences:

[0947] SEQ ID NO : 27, SEQ ID NO : 28, SEQ ID NO : 29, SEQ ID NO : 30, SEQ ID NO : 31, SEQ ID NO : 32, SEQ ID NO : 33, SEQ ID NO : 34, SEQ ID NO : 35, SEQ ID NO : 36, SEQ ID NO : 37, SEQ ID NO : 38, SEQ ID NO : 39, SEQ ID NO : 40, SEQ ID NO : 41, SEQ ID NO : 42, SEQ ID NO : 43, SEQ ID NO : 44, SEQ ID NO : 45, SEQ ID NO : 46, SEQ ID NO : 47, SEQ ID NO : 48, SEQ ID NO : 49, SEQ ID NO : 50, SEQID NO: 51, SEQID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62 or the sequence of said probe having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 45, SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47, SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62,

[0948] each probe being linked or capable of being linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence,

[0949] said probes being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena possibly present in said sample in order to form a complex.

[0950] Similarly, the invention also relates to one of the devices consisting of a support, as described above according to embodiments A, B, C or D, further comprising specific probes for toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Planktothrix for implementing a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis and / or Planktothrix, said probes having a sequence selected from the following sequences:

[0951] SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69 or the sequence of said probe having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69,

[0952] each probe being linked or capable of being linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence,

[0953] said probes being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Planktothrix possibly present in said sample in order to form a complex.

[0954] Similarly, the invention also relates to one of the devices consisting of a support, as described above according to embodiments A, B, C, D or E, further comprising specific probes for toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Nodularia for implementing a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one cyanobacterium Toxin-producing organisms of the genus Microcystis and / or Nodularia, said probes having a sequence selected from the following sequences:

[0955] SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77 or the sequence of said probe having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77,

[0956] each probe being linked or capable of being linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence,

[0957] said probes being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Nodularia possibly present in said sample in order to form a complex.

[0958] Similarly, the invention also relates to one of the devices consisting of a support, as described above according to embodiments A, B, C, D, E or F, further comprising specific probes for toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Cylindrospermopsis for implementing a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis and / or Cylindrospermopsis, said probes having a sequence selected from the following sequences:

[0959] SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80 or the sequence of said probe having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80,

[0960] each probe being linked or capable of being linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence,

[0961] said probes being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Cylindrospermopsis possibly present in said sample in order to form a complex.

[0962] As with the first aspect relating to use, all combinations of embodiments A, B, C, D, E, F and / or G of this sixth aspect can be envisaged.

[0963] The invention also relates to a device comprising a support including specific probes for toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Aphanizomenon for implementing a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon, said probes having a sequence selected from the following sequences:

[0964] SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24 or sequences having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24,

[0965] each probe being linked or capable of being linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence,

[0966] said probes being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon possibly present in said sample in order to form a complex.

[0967] The invention also relates to a device comprising a support including specific probes for toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Dolichospermum for implementing a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Dolichospermum, said probes having a sequence selected from the following sequences:

[0968] SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26 or sequences having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26,

[0969] each probe being linked or capable of being linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence,

[0970] said probes being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Dolichospermum possibly present in said sample in order to form a complex.

[0971] The invention also relates to a device comprising a support including specific probes for toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Anabaena for implementing a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena, said probes having a sequence selected from the following sequences:

[0972] SEQ ID NO : 27, SEQ ID NO : 28, SEQ ID NO : 29, SEQ ID NO : 30, SEQ ID NO : 31, SEQ ID NO : 32, SEQ ID NO : 33, SEQ ID NO : 34, SEQ ID NO : 35, SEQ ID NO : 36, SEQ ID NO : 37, SEQ ID NO : 38, SEQ ID NO : 39, SEQ ID NO : 40, SEQ ID NO : 41, SEQ ID NO : 42, SEQ ID NO : 43, SEQ ID NO : 44, SEQ ID NO : 45, SEQ ID NO : 46, SEQ ID NO : 47, SEQ ID NO : 48, SEQ ID NO : 49, SEQ ID NO : 50, SEQ ID NO : 51, SEQ ID NO : 52, SEQ ID NO : 53, SEQ ID NO : 54, SEQ ID NO : 55, SEQ ID NO : 56, SEQ ID NO : 57, SEQ ID NO : 58, SEQ ID NO : 59, SEQ ID NO : 60, SEQ ID NO : 61, SEQ ID NO : 62 ou les séquences ayant au moins 92% d’identité avec les susdites séquences SEQ ID NO : 27, SEQ ID NO : 28, SEQ ID NO : 29, SEQ ID NO : 30, SEQ ID NO : 31, SEQ ID NO : 32, SEQ ID NO : 33, SEQ ID NO : 34, SEQ ID NO : 35, SEQ ID NO : 36, SEQ ID NO : 37, SEQ ID NO : 38, SEQ ID NO : 39, SEQ ID NO : 40, SEQ ID NO : 41, SEQ ID NO : 42, SEQ ID NO : 43, SEQ ID NO : 44, SEQ ID NO : 45, SEQ ID NO : 46, SEQ ID NO : 47,SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, ,

[0973] each probe being linked or capable of being linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence,

[0974] said probes being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena possibly present in said sample in order to form a complex.

[0975] The invention also relates to a device comprising a support including specific probes for toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genus Planktothrix for implementing a method for detecting toxin-producing cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Planktothrix, said probes having a sequence selected from the following sequences:

[0976] SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69 or sequences having at least 92% identity with the aforementioned sequences SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69,

[0977] each probe being linked or capable of being linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned at 3' or 5' of its sequence,

[0978] said probes being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxin-producing cyanobacterium of the genus Planktothrix possibly present in said sample in order to form a complex.

[0979] In all embodiments of this sixth aspect and according to a particular embodiment, said attachment molecule is located at 3' of the sequence of said probe.

[0980] In all embodiments of this sixth aspect and according to a particular embodiment, said attachment molecule may be selected from a biotin molecule, avidin, streptavidin, a thiol group, an amine group and a carbon.

[0981] In all embodiments of this sixth aspect and according to a particularly preferred embodiment, said attachment molecule is a biotin molecule.

[0982] In all embodiments of this sixth aspect and according to a particular embodiment, said device may be chosen from the group consisting of: a microplate, a glass plate, magnetic beads, electrodes printed in different materials such as carbon or gold.

[0983] In all embodiments of this sixth aspect and according to a particular embodiment, said device may be: - functionalized with streptavidin or avidin and said attachment molecule being a biotin - said device being functionalized with an aldehyde group, an epoxy group, a carboxyl group or an isothiocyanate group and said attachment molecule being an amine or carbon group - said device being functionalized with gold, mercaptosilane or a maleimide group and said attachment molecule being a thiol group.

[0984] In all embodiments of this sixth aspect and according to a particular embodiment, said sample may be a sample of fresh water, brackish water, culture media or culture of cyanobacteria produced for commercial purposes.

[0985] The following figures and examples will better illustrate the invention, without limiting its scope. [Fig. 1]

[0986] [Fig.1] : Average concentration of RNA content per cell, expressed in pg of RNA / cell, under optimal culture conditions corresponding to the exponential growth phase of different toxinogenic cyanobacteria. [Fig.2]

[0987] [Fig.2]: Specificity test of probes targeting Anabaena and / or Aphanizomenon. Hybridization of 50 ng of RNA extracted from an Anabaena and / or Aphanizomenon culture, of 10 nM of positive control (PC, complementary synthetic DNA) or of 10 nM of negative control (NC, non-complementary synthetic DNA) with the following probe pairs: SEQ ID NO 28 and SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 33 and SEQ ID NO: 34 or SEQ ID NO: 20 and SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 40 and SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 46 and SEQ ID NO: 47. [Fig.3]

[0988] [Fig.3]: Correspondence between RNA concentration (pg / pL) and absorbance at 450 nm: Nodularia (Strain BCC1657) and SEQ ID NO: 76 and SEQ ID NO: 77 sequence probes (A.), Microcystis (Strain 728.11) and SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2 sequence probes (B.); Microcystis (Strain FL) and SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2 sequence probes (C.); Planktothrix (Strain TCC 24) and SEQ ID NO: 67 and SEQ ID NO: 68 sequence probes (D.); Planktothrix (Strain TCC 83.1) and SEQ ID NO: 67 and SEQ ID NO: 68 sequence probes (E.); Planktothrix (Strain TCC 14) and SEQ ID NO: 67 and SEQ ID NO: 68 sequence probes (F.); Planktothrix (strain TCC 779) and SEQ ID NO: 67 and SEQ ID NO: 68 (G.) sequence probes. [Fig.4]

[0989] [Fig. 4]. Comparison of Microcystis detection by cell counts in microscopy (cells / mL) and signals from the sandwich hybridization test according to The invention was read at 450 nm (BIOSENSOR data). The results are reported to 1 mL of water. [Fig.5]

[0990] [Fig.5]: Comparison of Planktothrix detection by cell counts in Microscopy (cells / mL) and signals from the sandwich hybridization test according to the invention read at 450 nm (BIOCAPTEUR data). The results are reported per 1 mL of water. EXAMPLE 1: Probe validation

[0991] • a) Growing conditions#

[0992] The cyanobacteria cultures used to test the probes described in this invention are listed in Table 1. All cultures are currently maintained at Microbia Environnement on the business incubator site of the Banyuls-sur-Mer Oceanological Observatory, France. The cultures are maintained in BG11 media proposed by MM Allen and RY Stanier (Selective isolation of blue-green algae from water and soil, J Gen Microbiol. 1968 Apr;51(2):203-9) at different temperatures (18 and 20°C) and under a light intensity of 100 pE m2 s 1 with a 12:12 day:night cycle. The BG11 medium is made from fresh or brackish water and is commonly used to cultivate cyanobacteria.

[0993] [Tables 1] Genus CLASS Culture Medium Strain Identification Number Anabaena Cyanophyceae BG11 TCC79 Microcystis Cyanophyceae BG-11 728,11 MNHN Nodularia Cyanophyceae BG-11 1657, 1655 Planktothrix Cyanophyceae BG-11 TCC779, TCC83.1, Planktothrix Cyanophyceae BG-11 TCC14, TCC24

[0994] Table 1: Toxigenic cyanobacteria used to test the probes described in the present invention, including class, growth medium and strain number • b) RNA preparation

[0995] A known number of cells are filtered through a 0.1 µm polycarbonate membrane (Whatman® Nuclepore Track-Etched Membranes) using a filtration system and a vacuum pump. 1 ml of TRI-Reagent (Sigma, France) or 1 ml of lysis buffer from the Quick-RNA™ MiniPrep Kit (Zymo Research, USA) is immediately added to each filtrate and homogenized. Cell lysis is completed by adding beads (0.5 mm, Zymo Research, USA) and applying vibrations. using a Tissue Lyser type grinder (Qiagen, USA) for 2 minutes at maximum speed.

[0996] Total RNA is isolated using the Quick-RNA™ MiniPrep kit or by TriReagent extraction. RNA concentration is measured using a Nanodrop spectrophotometer (Peqlab, Erlangen, Germany). Samples are either used immediately or stored at -80 °C until use.

[0997] Total RNA from 10,000 to 500,000 cells was extracted in 3 replicates from different cultures and strains of toxinogenic cyanobacteria. The resulting RNA concentration values ​​were used to obtain an average value for the RNA content per cell under optimal culture conditions ([Fig. 1]). Ayers et al. (2005) hypothesize that the exponential growth observed under optimal culture growth conditions approximately corresponds to what occurs during a bloom. • c) Design and synthesis of nucleic acid probes#

[0998] The probes of the present invention are synthesized according to methods known to those skilled in the art. They are rehydrated in ultrapure water to obtain a stock solution with a concentration of 100 pM. Oligonucleotide probes have been designated and tested for the toxigenic cyanobacteria Anabaena, Nodularia, Microcystis, and Planktothrix (Table 2). The probes with sequence ID NO: 28 and SEQ ID NO: 29 were used to test the positive control (PC) and the negative control (NC).

[0999] [Tables2] CEnw ri t c'5'-T) Tu $ GG (N ) SI HE > ï | PC irwsnvl / : î .... KÎ3C I t H \< \ l ■ u Y <'•<! . 1 $ £ S OÜA 43 | ÊGAC 1 A T* \\ J A&2V t l: 43 ^j^i s is < J SGjsiEmxG*’ G T fîTi ; CFG CGG ACU CTTTÀC GŒX AA TO S , < <x>; : CTO GOG AŒ CTT TAC GCU CAA TC <SEQ SD NO J ] 290 ' H GÙ UT) J CTI M Ml t < Tl 1 f < < ' y U S fe ........... ... 1: 6) 3 -T ' s ISEUSO NO : 60 S S (SEQTD ÿO : .é' l - \ ; -.1- £ > j, ; 29) ' HGT AG TC CCA CWCR? Tl'A T1T CGT » C nL , : " .3C HC'ïA CCT TTC TAC TÜ CCA CTG CTC HASCO M , : 'o . p — 01 40 42 AwWi' PJ 4: § t ''s $ ...P 5 s !• GCkAATTAGGEFTCACC riJCTG;r.'. ________44— _ ____ £ CTO AGCTAC GGTËCI_ ACC AŒ TOT GTrCAt GTT CGC GAA lAFQ iD Ni| î ;4ïj Cl GAG GAC AGU CAT GCA CCA CCTTTî'G SEQ (U | , : i ATC ? <AiT(AITAGCA^ JD L.: NO-T> G'': ACA TiG CTO TGI ATA' TOC CCT IIG TCC GF j.î »»»»» .

[1000] Table 2: Oligonucleotide probes targeting Anabaena, Nodularia, Microcystis and Planktothrix. • d) Sandwich hybridization test#

[1001] Specificity and sensitivity tests of the probes are performed by sandwich hybridization. The biotinylated capture probe (SEQ ID NO: 28; SEQ ID NO: 33; SEQ ID NO: 20; SEQ ID NO: 40; SEQ ID NO: 46; SEQ ID NO: 76; SEQ ID NO: 1; SEQ ID NO: 67) is coupled to a solid support functionalized with neutravidin and a signal probe coupled to a digoxigenin molecule (SEQ ID NO: 29; SEQ ID NO: 34; SEQ ID NO: 21; SEQ ID NO: 41; SEQ ID NO: 47; SEQ ID NO: 77; SEQ ID NO: 2; SEQ ID NO: 68). The signal probe is placed in the presence of nucleic acid molecules that may contain the target ribosomal nucleic acid, complementary to the capture and signal probes. The mixture is then placed in the presence of the capture probe, which will hybridize to its complementary targets, thus forming a three-molecule hybrid: the capture probe, the signal probe, and the target ribosomal nucleic acid.Hybrid complexes are revealed by digoxigenin attached to the signal probe through a colorimetric reaction initiated by a horseradish peroxidase-type enzyme with its substrate, producing a blue color. The intensity of the color is proportional to the concentration of the target ribosomal nucleic acid. Using a calibration curve, the concentration of the target nucleic acid is associated with the number of toxin-producing cyanobacterial cells present in the analyzed sample.

[1002] The complete test is completed in less than one hour.

[1003] Samples for the sandwich hybridization test are prepared as follows:

[1004] The cells from the cultures are collected by filtration through a membrane in Polycarbonate (0.5 µm porosity; Whatman® Nuclepore Track-Etched Membranes). The membranes are transferred to a tube (Eppendorf) containing 1 ml of TriReagent solution (Sigma, France) and heated to 65°C for 10 minutes. They are then ground in a mill with 0.5 mm Bashing Beads (Zymoresearch) for 1 minute at maximum speed. The supernatant is collected, and 200 pL of chloroform is added and mixed. The samples are centrifuged for 15 minutes at 4°C, and the aqueous phase is transferred to a clean tube. 0.5 volume of isopropanol is added, and the mixture is incubated for 1 hour at -20°C. After centrifugation for 20 minutes at 9000 g at 4°C, the supernatant is discarded, and the pellet is washed twice with 70% ethanol. The pellets are air-dried and then solubilized in 50 to 100 pL of ultrapure water.The quantity and quality of the RNA obtained are measured by spectrophotometry using NanoDrop (Thermo Scientific) or NanoVue (Biochrom Spectrophotometers). The total RNA is fragmented at . using a solution comprising 40 mM Trizma base, pH 8.0 / 100 mM KOAc / 30 mM MgOAc for 10 minutes at 65°C before hybridization.

[1005] The hybridization steps are performed in a standard 96-well microplate (Nunc, Denmark) functionalized with a 1 pg mL⁻¹ NeutrAvidin solution, incubated for 24 h, and washed with saline such as PBS IX (K₂PO₄, 0.1 M; KH₂PO₄, 0.1 M; KCl, 0.1 M, pH 7.6). The first hybridization step consists of mixing 200 ng of RNA with the hybridization buffer (0.3 M NaCl, 0.08 M Tris-HCl, 0.04% SDS, pH 8) to a final volume of 100 pL containing the signal probe (ImM), and heating at 60°C for 10 minutes. The samples are then cooled, and a final 0.05 M EDTA solution is added. The mixture is added to the wells of the microplate and incubated for 10 minutes at 60°C. The microplate is washed three times with a saline solution such as PBX IX. 100 pL of an anti-DIG-HRP antibody at a concentration of 75 mU / ml is then added and incubated for 15 minutes at room temperature.100 pL of TMB is added and the absorbance is measured after 15 minutes of reaction at a wavelength of 630 nm. Then 50 pL of 10% H2SO4 is added and the absorbance is immediately measured at a wavelength of 450 nm. Each step of the development is carried out at room temperature with constant stirring and protected from light.

[1006] The following probe pairs were screened: SEQ ID NO: 28 and SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 33 and SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 20 and SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 40 and SEQ ID NO: 41, or SEQ ID NO: 46 and SEQ ID NO: 47, at the same hybridization temperature. The results were compared to those obtained on the positive (PC) and negative (NC) controls ([Fig. 2]). The positive control was a synthetic DNA fragment with a concentration of 10 nM complementary to both probes, and the negative control was a synthetic DNA fragment with a concentration of 10 nM not complementary to both probes. The probes SEQ ID NO: 46 and SEQ ID NO: 47; and SEQ ID NO: 76 and SEQ ID NO: 77; and SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2; and SEQ ID NO: 67 and SEQ ID NO: 68 were chosen to perform the calibration curves. • e) Calibration curves for quantifying target RNAs#

[1007] The best probe combinations were used to establish the calibration curves. These calibration curves were developed from RNA extracted from a specified number of algal cells from a culture as described in parts a) and b) of this example. The RNAs were diluted from 0.5 ng / pl to 40 ng / pl. The hybridization steps were performed as in part d) of this example. [Fig. 3] shows the calibration curves obtained with serial dilution at an absorbance of 630 nm for the following toxinogenic cyanobacteria:

[1008] - Nodularia (strain BCC 1657); probe pair tested: SEQ ID NO: 76 and SEQ ID NO: 77 (A.)

[1009] - Microcystis (strain 728.11); probe pair tested: SEQ1D NO: 1 and SEQ1D NO: 2 (B.)

[1010] - Microcystis (FL strain); probe pair tested: SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2 (C.)

[1011] - Planktothrix (TCC 24 strain); probe pair tested: SEQ ID NO: 67 and SEQ ID NO: 68 (D.)

[1012] - Planktothrix (TCC 83.1 strain); probe pair tested: SEQ ID NO: 67 and SEQ ID NO: 68 (E.)

[1013] - Planktothrix (TCC 14 strain); probe pair tested: SEQ ID NO. 67 and SEQ ID NO: 68 (E.)

[1014] - Planktothrix (TCC 779 strain); probe pair tested: SEQ ID NO: 67 and SEQ ID NO: 68 (G.).

[1015] The result shows a minimum detection threshold between 0.5 and 1 ng of total RNA for each genus tested ([Fig.3]).

[1016] EXAMPLE 2: Detection of cyanobacteria from natural environmental samples

[1017] Implementation comparisons between the present invention and the traditional technique based on the identification and counting of cyanobacteria by microscopy with the Utermôhl method (1958) were carried out on natural samples. • a) Detection of Microcystis in a natural body of water#

[1018] Microcystis was monitored in a body of water located in Spain. Water samples were collected weekly from the surface. In parallel, a 50 ml subsample was collected, fixed with Lugol's solution, and allowed to settle for 24 hours.

[1019] Microscopic counting according to the Utermöhl method, the reference method (Utermöhl VH, 1931. Neue wege in der quantitativen erfassung des planktons. Verh Int Verein Theor Angew Limnol 5: 567-595), required a 12-hour sedimentation step followed by meticulous cell counting under a microscope. The entire Utermöhl method was performed in 24 to 48 hours. This method allows for the detection of the presence or absence of toxin-producing cyanobacterial cells of the genus Microcystis, and thus for determining the number of toxin-producing cyanobacterial cells of the genus Microcystis. However, this method does not allow for the determination of the activity of toxin-producing cyanobacterial cells of the genus Microcystis.

[1020] The execution of the present invention was carried out in less than one hour and made it possible to determine the activity of toxinogenic cyanobacterial cells of the genus Microcystisaxasi as the average number of living and active cells.

[1021] For each hybridization test, 10 millilitres of water were immediately filtered through polycarbonate membranes (porosity 0.1 µm; Whatman® Nuclepore Track- Etched membranes are transferred to an Eppendorf tube containing 2 ml of ZR lysis solution (ZymoResearch, USA) and heated to 65°C for 10 minutes. They are then ground in a mill with 0.5 mm bashing beads (ZymoResearch) for 1 minute at maximum speed. RNA extraction is performed using the QuickRNA kit (ZymoResearch, USA) with an elution volume of 180 µL of ultrapure water. Total RNA is fragmented using a solution of 40 mM Trizma base, pH 8.0 / 100 mM KOAc / 30 mM MgOAc for 10 minutes at 65°C before hybridization.

[1022] The hybridization steps are performed in a standard 96-well microplate (Nunc, Denmark) functionalized with a NeutrAvidin solution at 1pg mL-1, incubated for 24 h with the SEQ ID NO: 1 sequence probe at a concentration of 1pM. After 24 h, the microplate is washed with a saline solution such as PBS IX (K2PO4, 0.1 M; KH2PO4, 0.1 M; KCl, 0.1 M, pH 7.6). The eluate with the RNAs is mixed with the hybridization buffer (0.3 M NaCl, 0.08 M Tris-HCl, 0.04% SDS, pH 8) to a final volume of 300 µl containing the SEQ ID NO: 2 sequence signal probe (ImM). The hybridization mix is ​​heated to 60°C for 10 minutes, then a final 0.05 M EDTA solution is added. 100 µL of the mixture is distributed into 3 wells of the microplate and incubated for 10 minutes at 60°C. The microplate is washed three times with a saline solution such as PBX IX.100 pL of an anti-DIG-HRP antibody at a concentration of 75 mU / ml is then added and incubated for 15 minutes at room temperature. 100 pL of TMB is added and the absorbance is measured after 15 minutes of reaction at a wavelength of 630 nm. Then 50 pL of 10% H2SO4 is added and the absorbance is immediately measured at a wavelength of 450 nm. Each step of the detection is carried out at room temperature with constant stirring and protected from light.

[1023] In general, the results obtained by sandwich hybridization tests with naturally contaminated environmental samples are consistent with counts obtained by microscopy. However, the present invention allows results to be obtained in less than one hour, compared to 24 to 48 hours for the counting method. The hybridization test enabled the detection of 2390 cells / mL of Microcystis ([Fig. 4]). • b) Detection of Planktothrix in a natural body of water#

[1024] Planktothrix was monitored in a body of water located in Spain from 23 July to 7 September 2018. Water samples were collected weekly from the surface. In parallel, a 50 ml subsample was collected, fixed with Lugol's iodine, and allowed to settle for 24 hours. Microscopic counting according to the Utermöhl method required a 12-hour settling step followed by meticulous cell counting under the microscope. The entire Utermöhl method was performed in 24 to 48 hours. This method allows the detection of the presence or absence of toxin-producing cyanobacterial cells of the genus Planktothrix and thus the determination of the number of cells. However, this method does not allow the determination of the activity of toxin-producing cyanobacterial cells of the genus Planktothrix.

[1025] The execution of the present invention was carried out in less than one hour and made it possible to determine the activity of toxinogenic cyanobacterial cells of the genus Planktothrix as well as the number of cells.

[1026] For each hybridization assay, 10 milliliters of water are immediately filtered through polycarbonate membranes (0.1 µm porosity; Whatman® Nuclepore Track-Etched Membranes). The membranes are transferred to an Eppendorf tube containing 2 ml of ZR lysis solution (ZymoResearch, USA) and heated a...

Claims

Claims

1. Use of at least one pair of probes specific for toxigenic cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis for implementing a method for detecting toxigenic cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxigenic cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3 and SEQ ID NO: 4) (SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6 and SEQ ID NO: 7) (SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10 and SEQ ID NO: 11) (SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14) (SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16 and SEQ ID NO: 17) (SEQ ID NO: 18 and SEQ ID NO: 19) x being 2, 3 or 4 or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the above sequences SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, one probe of said pair being a capture probe linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned 3' or in 5' of its sequence, said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of the toxigenic cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis possibly present in said sample in order to form a complex, in particular, the sequences of the probes of said pairs being the following: (SEQ ID NO : 1 and SEQ ID NO : 2), (SEQ ID NO : 1 and SEQ ID NO : 3), (SEQ ID NO : 1 and SEQ ID NO : 4), (SEQ

2. ID NO : 2 and SEQ ID NO : 3), (SEQ ID NO : 2 and SEQ ID NO : 4), (SEQ ID NO : 3 and SEQ ID NO : 4) (SEQ ID NO : 5 and SEQ ID NO : 6), (SEQ ID NO : 5 and SEQ ID NO : 7), (SEQ ID NO : 6 and SEQ ID NO : 7) (SEQ ID NO : 8 and SEQ ID NO : 9) and SEQ ID NO : 10), (SEQ ID NO : 8 and SEQ ID NO : 11), (SEQ ID NO : 9 and SEQ ID NO : 10), (SEQ ID NO : 9 and SEQ ID NO : 11), (SEQ ID NO : 10 and SEQ ID NO : 11) (SEQ ID NO : 12 and SEQ ID NO : 13), (SEQ ID NO : 12 and SEQ ID NO : 14), (SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO : 14) (SEQ ID NO : 15 and SEQ ID NO : 16), (SEQ ID NO : 15 and SEQ ID NO : 17), (SEQ ID NO : 16 and SEQ ID NO : 17) (SEQ ID NO : 18 and SEQ ID NO : 19). Use according to claim 1, further comprising the use of at least one pair of probes specific for toxigenic cyanobacteria of the genus Aphanizomenon for implementing a method for detecting toxigenic cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one of toxigenic cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis and / or Aphanizomenon, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21 and SEQ ID NO: 22) (SEQ ID NO: 23 and SEQ ID NO: 24) x being 2 or 3, or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the above sequences SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24, one probe of said pair being a capture probe linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned 3' or 5' of its sequence, said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxigenic cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon possibly present in said sample, in particular, the sequences of the probes of said pairs being as follows: (SEQ ID NO: 20 and SEQ ID NO: 21), (SEQ ID NO: 20 and SEQ ID NO: 22), (SEQ ID NO: 21 and SEQ ID NO: 21) (SEQ ID NO: 23 and SEQ ID NO: 24)

3. Use according to any one of claims 1 or 2, further comprising the use of at least one pair of probes specific for toxigenic cyanobacteria of the genus Dolichospermum for implementing a method for detecting toxigenic cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxigenic cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis and / or Dolichospermum, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 25 and SEQ ID NO: 26) x being 2, or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the above sequences SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26, one probe of said pair being a capture probe linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned 3' or 5' of its sequence, said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxigenic cyanobacterium of the genus Dolichospermum possibly present in said sample.

4. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising the use of at least one pair of probes specific for toxigenic cyanobacteria of the genus Anabaena for implementing a method for detecting toxigenic cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxigenic cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis and / or Anabaena, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28 and SEQ ID NO: 29) (SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31 and SEQ ID NO: 32) (SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34 and SEQ ID NO: 35) (SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38 and SEQ ID NO: 39) (SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41 and SEQ ID NO: 42) (SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44 and SEQ ID NO: 45) (SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47 and SEQ ID NO: 48) (SEQ ID NO : 49, SEQ ID NO : 50 et SEQ ID NO : 51) (SEQ ID NO : 52, SEQ ID NO : 53 et SEQ ID NO : 54) (SEQ ID NO : 55 et SEQ ID NO : 56) (SEQ ID NO : 57, SEQ ID NO : 58 et SEQ ID NO : 59) (SEQ ID NO : 60, SEQ ID NO : 61 et SEQ ID NO : 62) x being 2, 3 or 4, or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the above sequences SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 45, SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47, SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, one probe of said pair being a capture probe linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned 3' or 5' of its sequence,said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxigenic cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena possibly present in said sample, in particular, the sequences of the probes of said pairs being as follows: (SEQ ID NO: 27 and SEQ ID NO: 28), (SEQ ID NO: 27 and SEQ ID NO: 29), (SEQ ID NO: 28 and SEQ ID NO: 29) (SEQ ID NO: 30 and SEQ ID NO: 31), (SEQ ID NO: 30 and SEQ ID NO: 32), (SEQ ID NO: 31 and SEQ ID NO: 32) (SEQ ID NO: 33 and SEQ ID NO: 34), (SEQ ID NO: 33 and SEQ ID NO: 35), (SEQ ID NO: 34 and SEQ ID NO: 35)

5. (SEQ ID NO : 36 et SEQ ID NO : 37), (SEQ ID NO : 36 et SEQ ID NO : 38), (SEQ ID NO : 36 et SEQ ID NO : 39), (SEQ ID NO : 37 et SEQ ID NO : 38), (SEQ ID NO : 37 et SEQ ID NO : 39), (SEQ ID NO : 38 et SEQ ID NO : 39) (SEQ ID NO : 40 et SEQ ID NO : 41), (SEQ ID NO : 40 et SEQ ID NO : 42), (SEQ ID NO : 41 et SEQ ID NO : 42) (SEQ ID NO : 43 et SEQ ID NO : 44), (SEQ ID NO : 43 et SEQ ID NO : 45), (SEQ ID NO : 44 et SEQ ID NO : 45) (SEQ ID NO : 46 et SEQ ID NO : 47), (SEQ ID NO : 46 et SEQ ID NO : 48), (SEQ ID NO : 47 et SEQ ID NO : 48) (SEQ ID NO : 49 et SEQ ID NO : 50), (SEQ ID NO : 49 et SEQ ID NO : 51), (SEQ ID NO : 50 et SEQ ID NO : 51) (SEQ ID NO : 52 et SEQ ID NO : 53), (SEQ ID NO : 52 et SEQ ID NO : 54), (SEQ ID NO : 53 et SEQ ID NO : 54) (SEQ ID NO : 55 et SEQ ID NO : 56) (SEQ ID NO: 57 and SEQ ID NO: 58), (SEQ ID NO: 57 and SEQ ID NO: 59), (SEQ ID NO: 58 and SEQ ID NO: 59) (SEQ ID NO: 60 and SEQ ID NO: 61), (SEQ ID NO: 60 and SEQ ID NO: 62), (SEQ ID NO: 61 and SEQ ID NO: 62). Use according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising the use of at least one pair of probes specific for toxigenic cyanobacteria of the genus Planktothrix for implementing a method for detecting toxigenic cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxigenic cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis and / or Planktothrix, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65 and SEQ ID NO: 66) (SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68 and SEQ ID NO: 69) x being 3 or 4, or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the above sequences SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, a probe of said pair being a capture probe linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned 3' or 5' of its sequence and

6. the other probe of said pair being a signal probe linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned in 3' or 5' of its sequence, said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxigenic cyanobacterium of the genus Planktothrix possibly present in said sample, in particular, the sequences of the probes of said pairs being the following: (SEQ ID NO : 63 et SEQ ID NO : 64), (SEQ ID NO : 63 et SEQ ID NO : 65), (SEQ ID NO : 63 et SEQ ID NO : 66), (SEQ ID NO : 64 et SEQ ID NO : 65), (SEQ ID NO : 64 et SEQ ID NO : 66), (SEQ ID NO : 65 et SEQ ID NO : 66) (SEQ ID NO : 67 et SEQ ID NO : 68), (SEQ ID NO : 67 et SEQ ID NO : 69), (SEQ ID NO : 68 et SEQ ID NO : 69) Use according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein said capture probe is linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned 5' of its sequence and said signal probe is linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned 5' of its sequence, or said capture probe is linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned 5' of its sequence and said signal probe is linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned 3' of its sequence, or said capture probe is linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned 3' of its sequence and said signal probe is linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned 5' of its sequence, or said capture probe is linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned 3' of its sequence and said signal probe is linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned 3' of its sequence, said "at least one attachment molecule" being in particular chosen from a biotin molecule, avidin,streptavidin, a thiol group, an amine group and a carbon, preferably a biotin molecule, said “at least one labeling molecule” being chosen in particular from a fluorochrome, a biotin, a molecule linked to a biotin, digoxigenin, an enzyme using a substrate,

7. chemiluminescent, an enzyme using a chromogenic substrate or an enzyme using an electrochemically oxidizing substrate, preferably digoxigenin, preferably, said enzyme using a chromogenic substrate is alkaline phosphatase and said chromogenic substrate is Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) or bromochlorylindolophosphate (BCIP), or said enzyme using a chromogenic substrate is horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and said chromogenic substrate is selected from 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine (DAB), 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), or 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS). Pair of probes whose sequences are chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3 and SEQ ID NO: 4) (SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6 and SEQ ID NO: 7) (SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10 and SEQ ID NO: 11) (SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14) (SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16 and SEQ ID NO: 17) (SEQ ID NO: 18 and SEQ ID NO: 19) x being 2, 3 or 4 or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the above sequences SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, in particular, the sequences of the probes of said pairs being as follows: (SEQ ID NO : 1 and SEQ ID NO : 2), (SEQ ID NO : 1 and SEQ ID NO : 3), (SEQ ID NO : 1 and SEQ ID NO : 4), (SEQ ID NO : 2 and SEQ ID NO : 3), (SEQ ID NO : 2 and SEQ ID NO : 4), (SEQ ID NO : 3 and SEQ ID NO : 4) (SEQ ID NO : 5 and SEQ ID NO : 6) (SEQ ID NO : 5 and SEQ ID NO : 7) (SEQ ID NO : 6 and SEQ ID NO : 7) (SEQ ID NO : 8 and SEQ ID NO : 9) (SEQ ID NO : 8 and SEQ ID NO : 10) (SEQ ID NO : 8 and SEQ ID NO : 11) ID NO : 9 and SEQ ID NO : 11), (SEQ ID NO : 10 and SEQ ID NO : 11) (SEQ ID NO : 12 and SEQ ID NO : 13), (SEQ ID NO : 12 and SEQ ID NO : 14), (SEQ ID NO : 13 and SEQ ID NO : 14) (SEQ ID NO : 15 and SEQ ID NO : 16), (SEQ ID NO : 15 and SEQ ID NO : 17), (SEQ ID NO : 16 and SEQ ID NO : 17) (SEQ ID NO : 18 and SEQ ID NO : 19), for the detection of cyanobacteria toxinogenes du genre Microcystis

8. Pair of probes according to claim 7 in association with a pair of probes whose sequences are chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21 and SEQ ID NO: 22) (SEQ ID NO: 23 and SEQ ID NO: 24) x being 2 or 3, or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the above sequences SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24, in particular, the sequences of the probes of said pairs being the following: (SEQ ID NO: 20 and SEQ ID NO: 21), (SEQ ID NO: 20 and SEQ ID NO: 22), (SEQ ID NO: 21 and SEQ ID NO: 21) (SEQ ID NO: 23 and SEQ ID NO: 24), for the detection of toxigenic cyanobacteria of the genus Aphanizomenon, or pair of probes whose sequences are chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 25 and SEQ ID NO: 26) x being 2, or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the above sequences SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26, for the detection of toxigenic cyanobacteria of the genus Dolichospermum, or pair of probes whose sequences are chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28 and SEQ ID NO: 29) (SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31 and SEQ ID NO: 32) (SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34 and SEQ ID NO: 35) (SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38 and SEQ ID NO: 39) (SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41 and SEQ ID NO: 42) (SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44 and SEQ ID NO: 45) (SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47 and SEQ ID NO: 48) (SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 50 and SEQ ID NO: 51) (SEQ ID NO: : 52, SEQ ID NO: 53 and SEQ ID NO: 54) (SEQ ID NO: 55 and SEQ ID NO: 56) (SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58 and SEQ ID NO: 59) (SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61 and SEQ ID NO: 62) x being 2, 3 or 4, or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the above sequences SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 45, SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47, SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, in particular, the sequences of the probes of said pairs being as follows: (SEQ ID NO: 27 and SEQ ID NO: 28), (SEQ ID NO: 27 and SEQ ID NO: 29), (SEQ ID NO: 28 and SEQ ID NO: 29) (SEQ ID NO: 30 and SEQ ID NO: 31), (SEQ ID NO: 30 and SEQ ID NO: 32), (SEQ ID NO : 31 et SEQ ID NO : 32) (SEQ ID NO : 33 et SEQ ID NO : 34), (SEQ ID NO : 33 et SEQ ID NO : 35), (SEQ ID NO : 34 et SEQ ID NO : 35) (SEQ ID NO : 36 et SEQ ID NO : 37), (SEQ ID NO : 36 et SEQ ID NO : 38), (SEQ ID NO : 36 et SEQ ID NO : 39), (SEQ ID NO : 37 et SEQ ID NO : 38), (SEQ ID NO : 37 et SEQ ID NO : 39), (SEQ ID NO : 38 et SEQ ID NO : 39) (SEQ ID NO : 40 et SEQ ID NO : 41), (SEQ ID NO : 40 et SEQ ID NO : 42), (SEQ ID NO : 41 et SEQ ID NO : 42) (SEQ ID NO : 43 et SEQ ID NO : 44), (SEQ ID NO : 43 et SEQ ID NO : 45), (SEQ ID NO : 44 et SEQ ID NO : 45) (SEQ ID NO : 46 et SEQ ID NO : 47), (SEQ ID NO : 46 et SEQ ID NO : 48), (SEQ ID NO : 47 et SEQ ID NO : 48) (SEQ ID NO : 49 et SEQ ID NO : 50), (SEQ ID NO : 49 et SEQ ID NO : 51), (SEQ ID NO : 50 et SEQ ID NO : 51) (SEQ ID NO: 52 and SEQ ID NO: 53), (SEQ ID NO: 52 and SEQ ID NO: 54), (SEQ ID NO: 53 and SEQ ID NO: 54) (SEQ ID NO: 55 and SEQ ID NO: 56) (SEQ ID NO: 57 and SEQ ID NO: 58), (SEQ ID NO: 57 and SEQ ID NO: 59), (SEQ ID NO: 58 and SEQ ID NO: 59) (SEQ ID NO: 60 and SEQ ID NO: 61), (SEQ ID NO: 60 and SEQ ID NO: 62), (SEQ ID NO: 61 and SEQ ID NO: 62), for the detection of toxigenic cyanobacteria of the genus Anabaena, or pair of probes whose sequences are chosen from x elements of one of the following sets:

9. (SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65 and SEQ ID NO: 66) (SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68 and SEQ ID NO: 69) x being 3 or 4, or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the above sequences SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, in particular, the sequences of the probes of said pairs being as follows: (SEQ ID NO: 63 and SEQ ID NO: 64), (SEQ ID NO: 63 and SEQ ID NO: 65), (SEQ ID NO: 63 and SEQ ID NO: 66), (SEQ ID NO: 64 and SEQ ID NO: 65), (SEQ ID NO: 64 and SEQ ID NO: 66), (SEQ ID NO: 65 and SEQ ID NO: 66) (SEQ ID NO: 67 and SEQ ID NO: 68), (SEQ ID NO: 67 and SEQ ID NO: 69), (SEQ ID NO: 68 and SEQ ID NO: 69), for the detection of toxigenic cyanobacteria of the genus Planktothrix. Method for detecting toxigenic cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxigenic cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis comprising the following steps: • a) possible hybridization resulting from bringing said sample into contact with a capture probe and a signal probe specific to toxigenic cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis, the capture probe and the signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3 and SEQ ID NO: 4) (SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6 and SEQ ID NO: 7) (SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10 and SEQ ID NO: 11) (SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14) (SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16 and SEQ ID NO: 17) (SEQ ID NO: 18 and SEQ ID NO: 19) x being 2, 3 or 4 or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the above sequences SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxigenic cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis possibly present in said sample in order to form a complex, • b) detection of said possible complex, the hybridization indicating the presence of toxigenic cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis, preferably,the minimum detection threshold of the toxigenic cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis being 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA, preferably, the duration of the implementation of said detection method being less than one hour.,

10. Method for detecting toxigenic cyanobacteria in a sample likely to contain at least one toxigenic cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis comprising the following steps: • a) preparation of said sample to be analyzed in order to obtain a prepared sample • b) possible hybridization resulting from contacting said prepared sample with a capture probe and a signal probe specific for toxigenic cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis, the capture probe and the signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3 and SEQ ID NO: 4) (SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6 and SEQ ID NO: 7) (SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10 and SEQ ID NO: 11) (SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14) (SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16 and SEQ ID NO: 17) (SEQ ID NO: 18 and SEQ ID NO: 19) x being 2, 3 or 4, or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the above sequences SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxigenic cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis possibly present in said sample in order to form a complex, • c) detection of said possible complex • d) quantification of toxigenic cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis, in the case of hybridization, the hybridization indicating the presence of toxigenic cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis, preferably the minimum detection threshold of the toxigenic cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis being 0.5 ng / mL of ribosomal RNA, preferably the duration of the implementation of steps b) and c) being less than one hour.

11. Method for detecting toxigenic cyanobacteria according to claim 10, in a sample likely to additionally contain at least one toxigenic cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon, comprising in addition to the optional hybridization step resulting from bringing said sample into contact with a capture probe and a signal probe specific for toxigenic cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis, an optional hybridization step resulting from bringing said sample into contact with a capture probe and a signal probe specific for toxigenic cyanobacteria of the genus Aphanizomenon, the capture probe and the signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21 and SEQ ID NO: 22) (SEQ ID NO: 23 and SEQ ID NO: 24) x being 2 or 3, or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the above sequences SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24, the hybridization indicating the presence of toxigenic cyanobacteria of the genus Aphanizomenon.

12. Method for detecting toxigenic cyanobacteria according to any one of claims 10 to 11, in a sample likely to additionally contain at least one toxigenic cyanobacterium of the genus Dolichospermum, comprising in addition to the optional hybridization step resulting from bringing said sample into contact with a capture probe and a signal probe specific for toxigenic cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis, an optional hybridization step resulting from bringing said sample into contact with a capture probe and a signal probe specific for toxigenic cyanobacteria of the genus Dolichospermum, the capture probe and the signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 25 and SEQ ID NO: 26) x being 2, or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the above sequences SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26,hybridization indicating the presence of toxigenic cyanobacteria of the genus Dolichospermum.,

13. Method for detecting toxigenic cyanobacteria according to any one of claims 10 to 12, in a sample likely to additionally contain at least one toxigenic cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena, comprising in addition to the optional hybridization step resulting from bringing said sample into contact with a capture probe and a signal probe specific for toxigenic cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis, an optional hybridization step resulting from bringing said sample into contact with a capture probe and a signal probe specific for toxigenic cyanobacteria of the genus Anabaena, the capture probe and the signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28 and SEQ ID NO: 29) (SEQ ID NO : 30, SEQ ID NO : 31 et SEQ ID NO : 32) (SEQ ID NO : 33, SEQ ID NO : 34 et SEQ ID NO : 35) (SEQ ID NO : 36, SEQ ID NO : 37, SEQ ID NO : 38 et SEQ ID NO : 39) (SEQ ID NO : 40, SEQ ID NO : 41 et SEQ ID NO : 42) (SEQ ID NO : 43, SEQ ID NO : 44 et SEQ ID NO : 45) (SEQ ID NO : 46, SEQ ID NO : 47 et SEQ ID NO : 48) (SEQ ID NO : 49, SEQ ID NO : 50 et SEQ ID NO : 51) (SEQ ID NO : 52, SEQ ID NO : 53 et SEQ ID NO : 54) (SEQ ID NO : 55 et SEQ ID NO : 56) (SEQ ID NO : 57, SEQ ID NO : 58 et SEQ ID NO : 59) (SEQ ID NO : 60, SEQ ID NO : 61 et SEQ ID NO : 62) x being 2, 3 or 4, or said probe sequences having at least 92% identity with said sequences SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 33 34, SEQ ID NO : 35, SEQ ID NO : 36, SEQ ID NO : 37, SEQ ID NO : 38, SEQ ID NO : 39, SEQ ID NO : 40, SEQ ID NO : 41, SEQ ID NO : 42, SEQ ID NO : 43, SEQ ID NO : 44, SEQ ID NO : 45, SEQ ID NO : 46, SEQ ID NO : 46 47, SEQ ID NO : 48, SEQ ID NO : 49, SEQ ID NO : 50, SEQ ID NO : 51, SEQ ID NO : 52, SEQ ID NO : 53, SEQ ID NO : 54, SEQ ID NO : 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQID NO: 57, SEQID NO: 58, SEQID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, hybridization indicating the presence of toxinogenic cyanobacteria of the genus Anabaena.

14. Method for detecting toxigenic cyanobacteria according to any one of claims 10 to 13, in a sample likely to contain in addition at least one toxigenic cyanobacterium of the genus Planktothrix, comprising in addition to the optional hybridization step resulting from bringing said sample into contact with a capture probe and a signal probe specific for toxigenic cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis, an optional hybridization step resulting from bringing said sample into contact with a capture probe and a signal probe specific for toxigenic cyanobacteria of the genus Planktothrix, the capture probe and the signal probe forming a pair of probes, the sequences of said pair of probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65 and SEQ ID NO: 66) (SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68 and SEQ ID NO: 69) x being 3 or 4, or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the above sequences SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, the hybridization indicating the presence of toxigenic cyanobacteria of the genus Planktothrix.

15. A method for detecting toxigenic cyanobacteria according to any one of claims 10 to 14, wherein said capture probe is bound to at least one attachment molecule positioned 5' of its sequence and said signal probe is bound to at least one labeling molecule positioned 5' of its sequence, or said capture probe is bound to at least one attachment molecule positioned 5' of its sequence and said signal probe is bound to at least one labeling molecule positioned 3' of its sequence, or

16. said capture probe is linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned 3' of its sequence and said signal probe is linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned 5' of its sequence, or said capture probe is linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned 3' of its sequence and said signal probe is linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned 3' of its sequence, said "at least one attachment molecule" being in particular chosen from a biotin molecule, avidin, streptavidin, a thiol group, an amine group and a carbon, preferably a biotin molecule, said “at least one marking molecule” being chosen in particular from a fluorochrome, a biotin, a molecule linked to a biotin, digoxigenin, an enzyme using a chemiluminescent substrate, an enzyme using a chromogenic substrate or an enzyme using an electrochemical oxidation substrate, preferably digoxigenin, preferably, said enzyme using a chromogenic substrate is alkaline phosphatase and said chromogenic substrate is Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) or bromochlorylindolophosphate (BCIP), or said enzyme using a chromogenic substrate is horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and said chromogenic substrate is selected from 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine (DAB), 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), or 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS). Kit for the detection of toxigenic cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis, said kit containing: • a) at least one pair of probes specific to toxigenic cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3 and SEQ ID NO: 4) (SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6 and SEQ ID NO: 7) (SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10 and SEQ ID NO: 11) (SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14) (SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16 and SEQ ID NO: 17) (SEQ ID NO: 18 and SEQ ID NO: 19) x being 2, 3 or 4 or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the above sequences SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, one probe of said pair being a capture probe linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned 3' or in 5' of its sequence, said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxigenic cyanobacterium of the genus Microcystis, • b) possibly a hybridization solution • c) possibly a washing solution • d) possibly one or more revelation solutions.

17. Kit according to claim 16, for the detection of toxigenic cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis and / or Aphanizomenon, said kit additionally containing: • a) at least one pair of probes specific to toxigenic cyanobacteria of the genus Aphanizomenon, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21 and SEQ ID NO: 22) (SEQ ID NO: 23 and SEQ ID NO: 24) x being 2 or 3, or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the above sequences SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 24, a probe of said pair being a capture probe linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned 3' or 5' of its sequence, said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxigenic cyanobacterium of the genus Aphanizomenon.

18. Kit according to any one of claims 16 to 17, for the detection of toxigenic cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis and / or Dolichospermum, said kit additionally containing: • a) at least one pair of probes specific to toxigenic cyanobacteria of the genus Dolichospermum, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 25 and SEQ ID NO: 26) x being 2, or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the above sequences SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26, one probe of said pair being a capture probe linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned 3' or 5' of its sequence, said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxigenic cyanobacterium of the genus Dolichospermum.

19. Kit according to any one of claims 16 to 18, for the detection of toxigenic cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis and / or Anabaena, said kit additionally containing: • a) at least one pair of probes specific to toxigenic cyanobacteria of the genus Anabaena, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28 and SEQ ID NO: 29) (SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31 and SEQ ID NO: 32) (SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34 and SEQ ID NO: 35) (SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38 and SEQ ID NO: 39) (SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41 and SEQ ID NO: 42)

20. (SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44 and SEQ ID NO: 45) (SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47 and SEQ ID NO: 48) (SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 50 and SEQ ID NO: 51) (SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53 and SEQ ID NO: 54) (SEQ ID NO : 55 et SEQ ID NO : 56) (SEQ ID NO : 57, SEQ ID NO : 58 et SEQ ID NO : 59) (SEQ ID NO : 60, SEQ ID NO : 61 et SEQ ID NO : 62) x being 2, 3 or 4, or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the above sequences SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 45, SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47, SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, one probe of said pair being a capture probe linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned 3' or 5' of its sequence,said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxigenic cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena., Kit according to any one of claims 16 to 19, for the detection of toxigenic cyanobacteria of the genus Microcystis and / or Planktothrix, said kit additionally containing: • a) at least one pair of probes specific to toxigenic cyanobacteria of the genus Planktothrix, the sequences of said probes being chosen from x elements of one of the following sets: (SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65 and SEQ ID NO: 66) (SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68 and SEQ ID NO: 69) x being 3 or 4, or the sequences of said probes having at least 92% identity with the above sequences SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, one probe of said pair being a capture probe linked to at least one attachment molecule positioned 3' or 5' of its sequence and the other probe of said pair being a signal probe linked to at least one labeling molecule positioned 3' or 5' of its sequence, said capture probe and said signal probe being capable of hybridizing with the ribosomal nucleic acid of a toxigenic cyanobacterium of the genus Planktothrix.

21. Kit according to any one of claims 16 to 20, said kit further comprising a support, said support being in particular chosen from the group consisting of: a microplate, a glass slide, magnetic beads, electrodes printed in different materials such as carbon or gold, preferably a microplate or magnetic beads.

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