Green wall module

Abstract

The invention relates to a green wall module (1), comprising an outer wall (10) prefabricated from reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete, the outer wall (10) comprising a hooking portion (101) and a receiving portion (100) extending from a lower end (101b) of the hooking portion (101) to define a volume (102) in which a substrate (102.1) for growing plants is arranged, the wall (10, 11) comprising a tube (103) opening into the volume (102) on the one hand and outside the outer wall (10) on the other hand. Figure to be published with the abstract: Fig. 1

Description

Title of the invention: Green wall module

[0001] Technical field.

[0002] The invention relates to the technical field of green wall modules and in particular load-bearing wall modules.

[0003] State of the art.

[0004] Urban areas are now increasingly dense and in the face of climate change, nature has become a priority again. The desire to bring nature back to the heart of cities has become an essential aspect in construction since plants produce our oxygen, clean our air and help to effectively combat the heat islands that we often encounter in the heart of cities. Plants also help reduce air pollution by reducing the carbon dioxide contained in the air. The presence of plants also contributes to lowering the ambient temperature, thanks to the phenomenon of evapotranspiration, that is to say the exchange of heat between the water released by the plant and the air.

[0005] For many years, it has been known to green our cities by installing plants on the roofs but also on the facades of buildings. The use of green facades is also widespread. In addition, the use of this type of green facades has an architectural impact since it is possible to create green alignments allowing to texture and personalize a building. In particular, it is possible to create one or more green lines surrounding or not the building, a vertical corridor bringing a notion of verticality giving an impression of height to the building, occasional greening only at the level of the balconies or even a fully green wall. Beyond the aesthetic aspect, plants also help to promote biodiversity, green frames and ecological connectivity.

[0006] Traditionally, these green facades are pieces added to an existing load-bearing wall. However, adding cladding to the existing wall necessarily requires a technical opinion, issued by a competent authority, to validate that this cladding has no impact on the structure of the wall. This constraint can be temporal, causing delays in the construction site and therefore in the delivery of the building. This constraint can also be financial, which can cause additional costs due to the intervention of the technical opinion or in the modification of the cladding following this opinion.

[0007] In addition, existing solutions offer relatively small volumes of substrate, thus limiting the size of plants that can be used. For reasons of weight supported by the structure, natural soils are excluded, therefore, the plants Local soils adapted to local soils are excluded. To replace natural soils, it is known to use technosols, namely soils dominated by their technical origin, draining and light, but the available volume being limited, the range of usable plants is limited.

[0008] The invention is therefore placed in this context and seeks to resolve all of the aforementioned drawbacks. Thus, the invention seeks to propose a solution for planting a facade while ensuring both a diversification of the plants installed on the facade but also ensuring that the structure does not undergo any modification to plant vegetation there, this solution could allow a saving of time and money in the management of the construction.

[0009] Presentation of the invention.

[0010] The subject of the invention is a green wall module, comprising a prefabricated outer wall made of reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete, the outer wall comprising a hanging portion and a receiving portion extending from a lower surface of the hanging portion to define a volume in which a plant growing substrate is arranged, the wall comprising a conduit opening into the volume on the one hand and outside the outer wall on the other hand.

[0011] The outer wall of the module can accommodate the plants of the green wall. The volume formed by the attachment portion and by the receiving portion can accommodate the growing substrate without weight limitation and regardless of its density. The growing substrate can, for example, be local soil extracted during excavation. Alternatively, the growing substrate may be a commercially available substrate. In an exemplary embodiment, the growing substrate may comprise an upper layer of commercially available substrate and a lower layer of local soil from excavation or a single layer composed of a mixture of a commercially available substrate and local soil from excavation.Thus, the outer wall of the module can accommodate, for example, herbaceous plants with strong growth, grasses, shrubs with limited growth or even climbing or trailing plants or even creeping plants, or even a composition of several of these plants.

[0012] The outer wall includes a pipe allowing the evacuation of waste water from watering the plants planted in the volume. This prevents the water from stagnating in the volume or in the outer wall, thus avoiding humidity and weakening of the module.

[0013] The green wall module can help promote local, plant and / or animal biodiversity due to the diversity of plants it can accommodate.

[0014] The wall module may be a portion of a wall, the interior wall of which may be made of reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete, i.e. this wall may be load-bearing. The concrete can for example be a cement and gravel type concrete. Concrete can also be a wood concrete, in particular a mortar containing water, crushed wood and a mineral binder or water, wood chips and a mineral binder. Finally, the concrete can be a composite concrete. The fact that the module includes a concrete portion allows it to be used as a load-bearing wall and therefore to be able to directly plant a facade from the construction while offering walls that provide insulation and waterproofing of the interior of the constructed building. In addition, the wall includes a wastewater drainage system but also rainwater running off the modules can pass into the volume and be evacuated by the pipe, thus avoiding weakening of the wall.

[0015] Advantageously, the receiving portion forms an exterior surface of the module and the attachment portion forms an interior surface of the module.

[0016] The receiving portion may be adapted to receive the contents of the volume, namely the substrate and / or the local soil extracted during excavation. The receiving portion may allow the substrate and vegetation to be retained at the module level.

[0017] The hanging portion can allow the volume comprising the substrate and the vegetation to be hung on an interior wall. It is the hanging portion which can allow the volume to be integrated into the load-bearing wall.

[0018] The volume may be defined laterally by lateral portions of the outer wall, said lateral portions being able to be joined with the receiving and hanging portions. The volume may be open on top.

[0019] Advantageously, the attachment portion and the receiving portion form a U-shaped profile.

[0020] In another embodiment, the hooking portion and the receiving portion form a V-shaped profile.

[0021] The hooking portion may be planar. The receiving portion may extend obliquely upwards from the lower end of the hooking portion. The receiving portion may have an angle. The hooking portion and the receiving portion may form a volume whose upper end is open and whose lower end is closed by the junction of the two portions. The junction of the two portions may form a lower surface of the module.

[0022] The volume is defined in the U-shaped profile. This profile can simplify manufacturing.

[0023] Advantageously, the outer surface of the receiving portion comprises a plurality of niches.

[0024] The outer surface of the receiving portion may have niches. The niches may in particular be substantially longitudinal grooves which may extend over the entire width of the receiving portion.

[0025] The niches can allow small fauna, for example insects, to move and / or nest on the wall and thus promote biodiversity.

[0026] Advantageously, the pipe extends from an upper surface of the outer wall to a lower surface of the outer wall, said pipe comprising a branch opening into the volume.

[0027] The pipe may have a circular section. The pipe may advantageously have a diameter of between 15 mm and 35 mm, in particular between 20 mm and 30 mm. The pipe may have an upper end and a lower end. The pipe may pass from top to bottom through the outer wall. The pipe may be a conduit formed by molding in the attachment portion. In another embodiment, the pipe may be a conduit formed by a pipe mounted in the attachment portion.

[0028] The conduit may include a connecting portion projecting from the lower surface of the module. The conduit may include an upper end having a flare adapted to receive the connecting portion of a conduit projecting from an upper module.

[0029] The conduit may include a branch and has a first end that may be connected to the conduit extending into the outer wall such that the conduit and the branch are substantially perpendicular to each other.

[0030] The branch may comprise a second end which may be connected to the volume so that it opens into the substrate. Advantageously, the branch may open into a lower part of the volume and in particular into the drainage layer.

[0031] In one embodiment, the module may comprise a second branch, the first end of which is connected to the conduit extending in the outer wall and the second end of which extends in a direction opposite to the direction of extension of the receiving portion.

[0032] Advantageously, a draining layer is arranged in the volume, under the culture substrate.

[0033] The drainage layer may form a lower layer of the substrate. The drainage layer may regulate excess moisture in the soil and limit the build-up of hydrostatic pressure in the volume of the module.

[0034] The drainage layer may comprise aggregate.

[0035] Advantageously, the module comprises an inner wall, separated from the outer wall by a layer of insulation.

[0036] The insulation may comprise glass wool or mineral wool. Alternatively or cumulatively, the insulation may comprise wood chips or a material made from plant fibers. Alternatively or cumulatively, the insulation may comprise a polymer, in particular high-density extruded polystyrene and / or polyurethane foam.

[0037] Alternatively, the layer of insulation between the inner wall and the outer wall may be replaced by an empty space.

[0038] In another embodiment, the outer wall may be alone without an inner wall or layer of insulation.

[0039] The inner wall extends laterally over a length less than the outer wall, so that with respect to the outer wall, a lateral space is provided at each end of said inner wall.

[0040] In this embodiment, the empty space separating the inner wall and the outer wall is intended to be filled with concrete. The concrete can be poured into the empty space directly on site.

[0041] Advantageously, the green wall module comprises connecting bars adapted to fix the outer wall and the inner wall to each other, said connecting bars passing through the insulation layer.

[0042] The connecting bars may be used to hold the outer wall and the inner wall together, as long as said walls are separated by an empty space, for example by being keyed.

[0043] The connecting bars may be used to hold the outer wall and the inner wall together so as to strengthen the module.

[0044] Advantageously, the outer wall and / or the inner wall comprises a connecting pin extending from a lower surface of this wall and a reservation formed in this wall extending from an upper surface of this wall.

[0045] The connecting pin may protrude from the lower surface of the upper module. The connecting pin may be intended to be inserted into the reservation of another module arranged below the module comprising said connecting pin.

[0046] The connecting pin can make it possible to easily assemble two modules together to form a set of modules. The use of connecting pins makes it possible to assemble several modules aligned vertically together to build a wall.

[0047] The connecting pin of the upper module is adapted to be inserted into the reservation of the lower module arranged under the upper module.

[0048] The connecting pin can be sized according to the forces applied to the modules between them.

[0049] The reservation adapted to receive the connecting pin can be filled with non-shrinking mortar, that is to say mortar allowing the sealing of the two superimposed modules.

[0050] The lower surface in which the connecting pin is integrated and the upper surface in which the reservation extends are held against each other by means of mortar.

[0051] Advantageously, the module comprises a flap positioned on the upper surfaces of the inner and outer walls.

[0052] The flap may be a strip arranged to protect the module from water infiltration. The same flap may cover the inner wall and the outer wall. The flap may form the joint between two modules. The flap may be affixed by gluing.

[0053] The flap can be made from an inert material and forming a waterproof membrane, for example from an elastomer, in particular from EPDM (ethylene, propylene, diene monomer).

[0054] Advantageously, the upper surface of the inner wall is vertically offset from the upper surface of the outer wall.

[0055] The upper surface of the inner wall is higher than the upper surface of the outer wall. Therefore, the flap may have a stepped shape.

[0056] The offset of the two upper surfaces can improve the fitting and maintenance of two superimposed modules.

[0057] Advantageously, the lower surface of the inner wall is vertically offset from the lower surface of the outer wall.

[0058] The lower surface of the inner wall and the lower surface of the outer wall are offset in the same manner as the upper surfaces.

[0059] The upper surface of the lower module is arranged to be complementary to the lower surface of the upper module.

[0060] Advantageously, the receiving portion comprises a hole formed under the volume.

[0061] In this embodiment, the drilling can be formed in the receiving portion, at the junction with the attachment portion.

[0062] In another embodiment, the drilling may be non-existent in the receiving portion.

[0063] In the embodiment in which two modules can be mounted one on top of the other. The upper module can then comprise the drilling allowing the junction between the lower surface of the volume of the upper module and a portion of the upper surface of the volume of the lower module. The drilling can be filled with substrate. The drilling can be longitudinal and open onto a lower surface and be aligned with the volume. Therefore, the drilling can make it possible to promote biodiversity between different volumes of substrate.

[0064] In an embodiment comprising a column of several modules, each of the modules, with the exception of the lower module of the column, may comprise the drilling formed under the volume.

[0065] Advantageously, the module comprises an additional tube suitable for watering the substrate.

[0066] The additional tube may be arranged on the surface of the volume, for example placed on the surface of the substrate. The additional tube may be a garden hose having a plurality of holes or a plurality of nozzles to allow water to flow into the substrate.

[0067] The side walls of the volume may include a recess suitable for supporting the additional tube.

[0068] The invention also relates to a green wall comprising a plurality of modules.

[0069] The wall may be a load-bearing wall of a building. In another embodiment, the wall may be a retaining wall adapted to maintain an embankment or slope.

[0070] The green wall can also be called a biophilic wall, that is to say, consisting of integrating nature into a built environment and designing a place that can connect the modern building to the environment and promote biodiversity.

[0071] In one embodiment, the wall may comprise a plurality of columns and / or a plurality of rows.

[0072] Advantageously, the modules of said plurality of modules are juxtaposed vertically and / or horizontally.

[0073] The green wall may comprise several modules arranged one above the other to form a column. When two modules are juxtaposed vertically, the lower surface of one module adjoins the upper surface of another module.

[0074] The green wall may comprise several modules arranged next to each other to form a line. When two modules are juxtaposed horizontally, the lateral surface of an outer wall of one module adjoins the lateral surface of an outer wall of another adjacent module. The side walls of the outer wall may be arranged opposite each other to define a decompression groove in which a joint is provided.

[0075] Advantageously, the wall comprises a beam and at least one of the modules of said plurality of modules is mechanically connected to the beam.

[0076] The beam may be a stringer, that is to say a structural element arranged horizontally and may serve as a foundation or reinforcement.

[0077] In one embodiment, the beam may include a recess formed in an upper surface of said beam. The recess in the beam may accommodate the connecting pin projecting from the lower surface of the lower module of the wall. A joint may be arranged at the junction of the stringer and the lower surface of the module. The joint may be a watertight and / or airtight joint. The joint may be adapted for use as a façade joint.

[0078] The stringer may comprise a layer of insulation arranged to be positioned under the layer of insulation of the module.

[0079] Advantageously, the wall comprises a slab extending perpendicular to the modules and at least one of the modules of said plurality of modules is mechanically connected to the slab.

[0080] In one embodiment at least one of the modules may be mounted directly on the slab. In another embodiment at least one of the modules may be mounted on the slab via the stringer.

[0081] In one embodiment, the slab may be cast below the ground surface, the stringer passing through the ground surface so as to form the junction between said slab and said stringer.

[0082] Advantageously, said module is connected to the slab by means of a retaining bar supported by a post arranged in a space provided between the interior walls of said module and another module of said plurality of modules adjacent to said module.

[0083] The slab may come in line with the post, perpendicular to the plurality of modules. The retaining bar may comprise a first arm taken in the interior wall of said module and a second arm taken in the slab, the arms being able to form an angle between them around the post. The retaining bar may have an L-shaped profile.

[0084] Alternatively, the retaining bar may be perpendicular to the modules and taken in the interior wall of said module carried by the slab and inserted into one or more reservations in the slab.

[0085] The slab may include a reservation into which the connecting pin of the upper module can be inserted.

[0086] Concrete can be poured into the space provided between two successive interior walls.

[0087] Advantageously, each module is fixed to the slab with a pin of the outer wall of the module extending into a recess in the slab and / or a slab holding bar extending into a recess in the outer wall of the module; a guardrail may be mounted on the upper surface of the outer wall.

[0088] The guardrail may be made of steel or glass. The guardrail may be mounted on the upper surface of the attachment portion of the module.

[0089] The guardrail can be mounted on the module by sealing, in particular with mortar or by screwing.

[0090] Advantageously, at least two modules are juxtaposed horizontally so as to accommodate a post in the lateral spaces provided at the ends of the interior walls of these modules and facing each other, holding bars supported by this post being taken in these interior walls.

[0091] The two horizontally juxtaposed modules are arranged in a straight line. In another embodiment, the two horizontally juxtaposed modules form an angle.

[0092] The inner wall has a lateral recess in which a reinforcing post can be installed. The post may have connecting bars having a U shape. The connecting bars may be arranged so that two ends of the U are in the direction of the inner wall. The ends of the connecting bar may be sealed in said inner wall.

[0093] Each inner wall may include a rough strip at the junction with the post. The rough strip may allow better adhesion between the inner wall and the post and therefore better maintenance of two adjacent modules between them.

[0094] When two modules are juxtaposed horizontally, their outer walls define a groove between them. The groove may in particular be a decompression groove. The groove may include a seal, in particular made of elastomer or neoprene, and a seal base which can be used to seal said seal.

[0095] In the embodiment where two modules are juxtaposed vertically, that is to say superimposed so that the connecting pin of the upper module fits into the reservation of the lower module.

[0096] In one embodiment, the wall comprises a cable, for example made of stainless steel, or a trellis, connecting two adjacent modules, in particular juxtaposed vertically or horizontally. This cable or trellis allows a plant to grow from one module to the other.

[0097] The invention also relates to a balcony comprising a plurality of modules, the modules being juxtaposed horizontally.

[0098] In one embodiment, the module can form the wall of a balcony. Thus, in this embodiment, the hanging portion and the outer wall can be combined and the module can form a wall of the balcony. In this embodiment, the module can be mounted on a slab projecting from the facade and forming the surface of said balcony.

[0099] The module may be fixed to said balcony by the connecting bar projecting from the lower surface of said module, said connecting bar being arranged to be inserted into said balcony.

[0100] The module may comprise a connecting bar having an L shape and two ends. The connecting bar may be arranged so that one of the ends is fixed in said balcony and the other of the ends is fixed in the hanging portion, at the connecting bar.

[0101] In this embodiment, a guardrail can be mounted on the upper surface of said module and in particular on the upper surface of said attachment portion.

[0102] In one embodiment of the balcony, the slab forming the surface of said balcony can be aligned with said modules so that said slab can separate two superimposed modules.

[0103] The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a module according to the invention in which the module is produced by molding reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete in a mold.

[0104] The niches can be made by printing during the molding of the outer wall. The niches can be made by applying a silicone matrix mounted in the mold.

[0105] The invention also relates to a mold suitable for use in the method of manufacturing a module according to the invention.

[0106] Brief description of the figures.

[0107] Other advantages and characteristics of the present invention are now described using examples which are purely illustrative and in no way limitative of the scope of the invention, and from the appended drawings, drawings in which the various figures represent:

[0108] [Fig-1] schematically represents a sectional view along a transverse axis of a module according to one embodiment.

[0109] [Fig.2] schematically represents a sectional view along a transverse axis of a portion of wall comprising a plurality of modules according to one embodiment.

[0110] [Fig.3] schematically represents a sectional view along a transverse axis of a portion of wall comprising a plurality of modules according to several embodiments.

[0111] [Fig.4] schematically represents a sectional view along a transverse axis of a portion of wall comprising a plurality of modules according to one embodiment, said wall being represented at the junction of two floors, in a non-seismic configuration.

[0112] [Fig.5] schematically represents a sectional view along a transverse axis of a wall comprising a plurality of modules according to several embodiments, said wall being represented at the junction of two floors, in a seismic configuration.

[0113] [Fig.6] schematically represents a sectional view along a transverse axis of a projecting balcony comprising a module according to one embodiment.

[0114] [Fig.7] schematically represents a sectional view along a transverse axis of a terrace aligned with a wall comprising a plurality of modules according to one embodiment.

[0115] [Fig.8] schematically represents a sectional view along a transverse axis of a wall comprising joinery integrated into a plurality of modules according to one embodiment.

[0116] [Fig.9] schematically represents a sectional view along a transverse axis of a retaining wall comprising a plurality of modules according to one embodiment.

[0117] [Fig. 10] schematically represents a top view in section along a longitudinal axis of a joinery integrated between two modules according to one embodiment.

[0118] [Fig. 11] schematically represents a top view in section along a longitudinal axis of a wall comprising a plurality of modules juxtaposed horizontally on a line, according to one embodiment.

[0119] [Fig. 12] schematically represents a top view in section along a longitudinal axis of a wall comprising a plurality of modules juxtaposed horizontally forming an external angle, according to one embodiment.

[0120] [Fig. 13] schematically represents a top view in section along a longitudinal axis of a wall comprising a plurality of modules juxtaposed horizontally forming an interior angle, according to one embodiment.

[0121] [Fig. 14] schematically represents a top view in section along a longitudinal axis of a wall comprising a plurality of modules juxtaposed horizontally forming an external angle greater than 90°, according to one embodiment.

[0122] In the following description, elements that are identical, by structure or by function, appearing in different figures retain, unless otherwise specified, the same references.

[0123] Description of the embodiments.

[0124] [Fig.l] shows a module 1 according to one embodiment of the invention. [Fig.2] to [Fig. 14] describe a plurality of embodiments of walls and balconies comprising one or more modules 1 as described in [Fig.l].

[0125] The module described in [Fig.l] comprises an outer wall 10 and an inner wall 11. Each of the outer wall 10 and inner wall 11 comprises an upper surface 10a, 11a and a lower surface 10b, 11b. The outer wall 10 is prefabricated from reinforced concrete.

[0126] The outer wall 10 comprises a hooking portion 101 and a receiving portion 100. The hooking portion 101 and the receiving portion 100 comprise each an upper surface 101a, 100a and a lower surface 101b, 100b. The lower surface 100a of the receiving portion 100 is continuous with the lower surface 101a of the gripping portion 101. The receiving portion 100 extends from the lower end 101b of the gripping portion 101. The receiving portion 100 has an angle. The receiving portion 100 extends obliquely upwards from the lower end 101a of the gripping portion 101. The receiving portion 100 has a plurality of niches extending longitudinally over the entire length of said receiving portion 100, said niches being produced by the use of a die.

[0127] The attachment portion 101 and the receiving portion 100 form a U-shaped profile defining a volume 102. The volume 102 is defined laterally by lateral portions of the outer wall 10, said lateral portions being able to be joined with the receiving 100 and attachment 101 portions. In the volume 102 is arranged a substrate 102a for growing plants. In the embodiment described, the volume 102 comprises an upper layer of substrate and a lower layer of local soil from the earthworks. The volume 102 has an open upper end 102a. The upper end 102a comprises an additional tube 104 arranged on the surface of the volume 102, said additional tube 104 is a watering hose placed on the substrate 102.1 for watering it. The side portions of the volume 102 comprise a recess adapted to support the additional tube 104.The volume 102 has a lower end 102b formed by the junction between the receiving portion 100 and the attachment portion 101. The lower end 102b of the volume 102 has a bore 102.3 formed in the receiving wall 100. When two modules 1 are superimposed, the bore 102.3 opens on the one hand at the lower end 102b of the volume 102 and on the other hand at the substrate 102.1 of the volume 102 of a lower adjacent module 1. The bore 102.3 is filled with substrate 102.1. The substrate 102.1 comes in particular from the local soil extracted during excavation. A drainage layer 102.2 is arranged in the volume 102, under the cultivation substrate 102.1. Thus, the drainage layer 102.2 forms a lower layer of the substrate 102.1. The outer wall 10 is adapted to receive the plants in the volume 102.The plants that volume 102 can accommodate are, for example, herbaceous plants with strong development, grasses, shrubs with restricted development or even climbing plants.

[0128] The outer wall 10 comprises a conduit 103 extending from the upper surface 10 of the outer wall 10 to the lower surface 10b of the outer wall. The conduit 103 has a circular section. The conduit 103 comprises an upper end 103a and a lower end 103b, the upper end 103a having a diameter greater than that of the rest of the conduit and in particular greater than that of the lower end 103b. The lower end 103b of the pipe 103 is a connecting portion which projects from the lower surface 10b of the outer wall 10.

[0129] The outer wall 10 comprises a bypass 103.1 adapted for the evacuation of the water contained in the substrate 102.1. The bypass 103.1 comprises a first end connected to the pipe 103 extending in the outer wall 10 so that the pipe 103 and the bypass 103.1 are substantially perpendicular to each other. The bypass 103.1 comprises a second end which is connected to the volume 102 so as to open into the substrate 102.1. The bypass 103.1 can open at the lower end 102b of the volume 102 and in particular at the draining layer 102.2.

[0130] The inner wall 11 of the module 1 is a load-bearing wall. The inner wall 11 is made of reinforced concrete. The inner wall 11 has a connecting pin 110 extending from its lower surface 11b. The connecting pin 110 projects from the lower surface 11b. The inner wall 11 has a recess 111 extending from the upper surface 11a. The recess 111 is arranged to receive the connecting pin 110 of another module arranged on the module. Sealing mortar is inserted into the recess 111 when inserting the connecting pin 110.

[0131] The inner wall 11 is separated from the outer wall 10 by a layer of insulation 12. The layer of insulation 12 comprises wood chips.

[0132] The upper surface 10a of the outer wall 10 is vertically offset from the upper surface 11a of the inner wall 11. The upper surface 11a of the inner wall 11 is higher than the upper surface 10a of the outer wall 10. Similarly, the lower surface 10b of the outer wall 10 is vertically offset from the lower surface 11b of the inner wall 11. The lower surface 11b of the inner wall 11 is higher than the lower surface 10b of the outer wall 10.

[0133] The module 1 comprises a flap 15 positioned on the upper surfaces 10a, 11a of the outer wall 10 and the inner wall 11. The flap 15 has a staircase shape so as to form a waterproof membrane.

[0134] [Fig.2] describes a portion of wall comprising a plurality of modules 1. In the embodiment described in [Fig.2], the wall comprises two modules 1a, 1b superimposed one above the other. The upper module 1a is mounted on the lower module 1b so that the lower end 103b of the conduit of the module 1a is inserted into the upper end 103a of the module 1b. The upper module 1a is mounted on the lower module 1b so that the connecting pin 110 projecting from the lower surface 11b of the inner wall 11 of the upper module 1a is inserted into the reservation 11 of the inner wall 11 of the lower module 11b.

[0135] The module wall 1a, 1b comprises a stringer 2 such that said stringer is arranged under the inner wall 11 of the lower module 1b. The stringer 2 comprises an insulator arranged under the insulating layer 12 of the module 1b. The stringer 2 comprises a reservation 111 formed in its upper surface. The reservation 111 of the stringer 2 is arranged to accommodate the connecting pin 110 projecting from the lower surface 11b of the lower module 1b. A seal 16 is positioned at the junction between the stringer 2 and the lower surface of the lower module 1b.

[0136] The module wall 1a, 1b comprises a slab extending perpendicular to the modules. The module wall 1a, 1b is mounted on the slab 3 by means of the stringer 2.

[0137] [Fig. 3] describes a wall portion comprising a plurality of modules 1. In the embodiment described in [Fig. 3], the wall comprises a wall portion 1a and a module 1b superimposed one above the other. In the wall portion 1a, the outer wall 10 comprises only the hanging portion, the outer surface of which comprises niches 100 adapted for the movement of small fauna, for example insects, or for their nesting.

[0138] Module 1b is substantially identical to that described in [Fig.l].

[0139] The inner wall 11 of the wall portion 1a is substantially identical to that of the module 1b. Thus, the wall portion 1a is mounted on the module 1b so that the connecting pin 110 projecting from the lower surface 11b of the inner wall 11 of the wall portion 1a is inserted into the reservation 11 of the inner wall 11 of the module 11b.

[0140] The wall is mounted on a slab 3 by a stringer, said slab 3 and said stringer 2 being as described in [Fig.2].

[0141] [Fig.4] describes a wall portion comprising a plurality of modules 1a, 1b, 1c substantially identical to the module 1 described in [Fig.l]. The wall being represented at the junction of two floors, in a non-seismic configuration, i.e. for a construction which is not dedicated to resisting seismic shocks. In this embodiment, a slab 3 is cast at the level of an intermediate module 1b. The slab 3 is fixed to the intermediate module 1b by a retaining bar 14. The retaining bar 14 has a U-shaped profile, the rounded part of the U being mounted in the inner wall 11 of the module 1b and the two arms being mounted in the slab 3. The rounded part of the retaining bar 14 is arranged at the level of the reservation 111 adapted to receive the connecting pin 110.The retaining bar 14 is thus adapted to reinforce the junction between the slab 3 forming a floor of a story and the load-bearing wall comprising the plurality of modules 1a, 1b, 1c.

[0142] [Fig. 5] describes a wall portion comprising a plurality of modules 1a, 1b and a wall portion 1c. Modules 1a and 1b are substantially identical to module 1. described in [Fig.l] and the wall portion 1c is substantially identical to the wall portion 1a described in [Fig.3]. The wall is shown at the junction of two floors, in a seismic configuration, i.e. for a construction that is dedicated to resisting seismic shocks. Just as in the embodiment of [Fig.4], the slab 3 is cast at an intermediate module 1b. The slab 3 is fixed to the intermediate module 1b by a retaining bar 14. In this embodiment, an upper portion of the inner wall 11 of the intermediate module 1b is replaced by a portion of the slab 3, so that the end of said slab 3 is inserted between the inner wall 11 of the upper module 1a and the inner wall 11 of the intermediate module 1b.In this embodiment, the connecting pin 11 passes through the slab 3 so that a portion of the connecting pin 11 is in the upper module 1a, a portion of the connecting pin 11 is in the slab 3 and one end of the connecting pin 11 is in the reservation 111 of the intermediate module 1b. A beam P is arranged in the space provided between the two successive interior walls 11, that is to say arranged at the end of the slab 3. The retaining bar 14 is arranged to form an L comprising a substantially right angle and two arms. The retaining bar 14 is arranged so that the angle rests on the post P, one of the arms is in the slab 3 and the other of the arms is in the interior wall 11 of the intermediate module 1b. The retaining bar 14 is thus adapted to reinforce the junction between the slab 3 forming a floor of a story and the load-bearing wall comprising the plurality of modules 1a, 1b and the portion of wall 1c.

[0143] [Fig.6] describes a projecting balcony 4 of the module wall. The projecting end of the balcony 4 comprises a module 1a comprising only an outer wall 10. This module 1a is non-load-bearing. The wall portion 1b on which the balcony 4 rests is substantially identical to the wall portion 1a described in [Fig.3]. The wall portion 1b is a load-bearing wall. The module 1a defining a wall of the balcony 4 comprises on the upper surface 10a of the outer wall 10, a guardrail G and more precisely on the upper surface 101a of the attachment portion 101. The guardrail G is made of steel sealed by mortar on the module 1a. The module 1a comprises a pipe 103 passing through a portion of the attachment portion 101. The pipe 103 of this embodiment comprises two ends, each of the ends comprising a branch 103.1, 103.2. The first end comprising the branch 103.1 opens at the level of the drainage layer 102.2 of the volume 102.The second end comprising the branch 103.2 opens at a lower portion of the attachment wall 101, close to the slab forming the balcony 4. Thus, the conduit 103 has an S-shaped profile.

[0144] The slab forming the surface of the balcony 4 projects from the module 1b. The slab 4 comprises a post P housed in said slab 4. The post P is mounted above the interior wall of the module 1b. The slab 4 comprises a first retaining bar running along the length of the slab 4 up to under the module 1a. The first retaining bar 14 is integrated into the slab 4 so as to pass through the post P. The slab 4 comprises a second retaining bar 14' arranged to form an L comprising a substantially right angle and two arms. The second retaining bar 14' is arranged so that the angle is positioned under the module 1a so that one of the arms is in the slab 4 and the other of the arms is in the attachment portion of the module 1a.

[0145] In this embodiment, a joinery M is mounted on the slab forming the balcony 4. The joinery M is arranged above the module 1b and joined on the slab 4.

[0146] [Fig.7] describes a balcony aligned with a wall comprising a plurality of modules 1a, 1b. In this embodiment, the wall comprises a lower module 1b on which rests a slab 3 forming the surface of the terrace. The slab 3 rests on the inner wall 11 and on the attachment portion 101 of the lower module 1b. An upper module 1a is mounted on the slab 3 in an offset manner relative to the lower module 1b, that is to say that the lower surface 10b of the outer wall 10 is above a portion of the insulation layer 12 and above the attachment wall 101 of the lower module 1b. Thus, the slab 5 separates the upper surface 101a, 11a of the attachment portion 101 and the inner wall 11 of the lower module 1b and the lower surface 10b of the outer wall 10 of the upper module 1a. The module 1a comprises a pipe 103 passing through a portion of the attachment portion 101. The pipe 103 of this embodiment has two ends. The first end comprises the branch 103.1 opening at the level of the drainage layer 102.2 of the volume 102. The pipe 103 is oblique relative to the attachment portion 101a so that the second lower end 103b is aligned with the upper end 103a of the pipe 103 of the lower module 1b. The second end 103.2 of the pipe 103 of the upper module 1a and the upper end 103a of the pipe 103 of the lower module are separated by another pipe 103' mounted in the slab 3.

[0147] The slab 3 comprises a post P housed in said slab 3. The post P is mounted between the upper module 1a and the lower module 1b. The slab 3 comprises a first retaining bar running along the length of the slab 3 up to under the module 1a. The first retaining bar 14 is integrated into the slab 3 so as to pass through the post P. The slab 3 comprises a retaining bar 14 arranged to form an L comprising a substantially right angle and two arms. The retaining bar 14 is arranged so that the angle passes through the post P and so that one of the arms is in the slab 3 and that the other of the arms is in the attachment portion of the upper module 1a. The connecting pin 110 of the upper module 1a is arranged to be inserted into the slab 3. From then on, the upper module 1a is fixed on the slab 3 by the connecting pin 110 projecting from the lower surface 101b of the attachment portion 101, said connecting pin 110 being arranged to be inserted into said balcony 4.

[0148] The slab 3 comprises an upper surface on which is mounted an insulating layer 12 on which is mounted an earthwork T, for example a wooden terrace on stilts. An insulating joint I is mounted on the insulating layer 12, said joint being adapted to provide insulation between the insulating layer 12 and the upper module 1a.

[0149] [Fig.8] describes a joinery integrated into a wall comprising a plurality of modules. The wall comprises an upper module 1a, an intermediate module 1b and a lower module 1c. The configuration of the upper module 1a and the configuration of the intermediate modules 1b and 1c correspond to the description given in [Fig.5].

[0150] The lower surface 11b of the inner wall 11 of the upper module 1a and the upper surface 11a of the inner wall 11 of the intermediate module 1b each comprise a frame comprising additional insulation on which the joinery M is mounted. This embodiment is in particular a closed room comprising joinery or a loggia.

[0151] [Fig.9] describes a retaining wall for a slope or embankment R comprising a plurality of modules. In this embodiment, the wall comprises an upper module 1a, two intermediate modules 1b, 1c and a lower module 1d. The modules 1a, 1b, 1c and 1d comprise an outer wall 10 and an inner wall 11 substantially identical to those described in [Fig.l]. The upper surface of the upper module 1a is covered by a wall top. The wall of modules 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d is mounted on a slab 3 extending perpendicular to the modules.

[0152] In this embodiment, the outer wall 10 and the inner wall 11 are separated by a space 13. For each module 1b, 1c, 1d, the outer wall 10 and the inner wall 11 are held together by means of connecting bars 17, said connecting bars 17 being adapted to cross the empty space 13. The connecting bars 17 are keyed. The empty space 13 comprises a first holding bar 14 adapted to cross the empty space 13 from the top of the wall 18 to the slab 3. The empty space 13 comprises a second holding bar 14' arranged to form a loop having two ends. The second holding bar 14' being arranged so that the loop and one of the ends are in the slab 3 and the other of the ends is in the empty space 13 up to the top of the wall 18.The first holding bar 14 and the other end of the second holding bar 14' are substantially parallel in the empty space 13. The empty space 13 is filled with . concrete so that the first retaining bar 14 and the other end of the second retaining bar 14' are embedded in the concrete.

[0153] [Fig. 10] describes a joinery M integrated into a wall of modules. The joinery M is a door. The joinery M is mounted between two adjacent modules 1. Each module 1 comprises an outer wall 10 comprising a receiving portion 100 and a hanging portion 101 forming a volume 102. Each module 1 comprises an inner wall 11, the outer wall 10 and the inner wall 11 being separated by a layer of insulation 12. The inner wall 11 comprises a holding bar 14 comprising a U-shaped profile, the rounded part of the U being mounted at the end of the inner wall 11 located near the joinery M. The two ends of the U extend into the inner wall 11 in a direction opposite to the joinery M. The joinery comprises a C-shaped vertical upright mounted so as to enclose the inner wall 11 and the layer of insulation 12, the joinery M being mounted on the vertical upright.A sealing gasket is fitted at the junction between the M joinery and the vertical upright.

[0154] [Fig. 11] describes a wall comprising a plurality of horizontally adjacent modules 1. The modules 1 of this embodiment comprise an outer wall 10 and an insulating layer 12 as described in [Fig.l]. Two horizontally juxtaposed modules 1 define a decompression groove. The decompression groove comprises an expansion joint ensuring the junction between two adjacent modules 1. The expansion joint is arranged at the junction between two attachment portions 101 of two adjacent modules.

[0155] The modules 1 comprise an inner wall 11 having at each of its ends a lateral reservation. At the lateral reservation, the inner wall 11 comprises a rough strip. Two lateral reservations of two adjacent walls form a cavity in which a post P is mounted, that is to say that a post P is mounted at the junction between two inner walls 11. Each inner wall 11 comprises at each of its ends a retaining bar 14 having a U-shaped profile, the rounded part of the U being mounted in the post P and the ends of one of the retaining bars 14 extending towards the other retaining bar 14 mounted at the other end of said inner wall 11. Thus, each post P comprises the U of two retaining bars 14 of two adjacent inner walls 11.

[0156] [Fig. 12] describes a wall comprising a plurality of modules 1 arranged horizontally to form an exterior angle.

[0157] The modules 1 of this embodiment comprise an outer wall 10, an inner wall 11 and an insulating layer 12. In this embodiment, the receiving portion 100 is longer than the attachment portion 101, which is itself longer. than the inner wall 11. Two modules 1 juxtaposed to form an external angle define a decompression groove. The decompression groove comprises an expansion joint 16 ensuring the junction between two adjacent modules 1. The expansion joint 16 is arranged at the junction between two attachment portions 101 of two adjacent modules.

[0158] The inner wall 11 has at each of its ends a lateral reservation. At the lateral reservation, the inner wall 11 has a rough strip. Two lateral reservations of two adjacent walls form an L-shaped cavity in which are mounted two posts P forming a right angle, at the junction between two inner walls 11. Each inner wall 11 has at each of its ends a retaining bar 14 having a U-shaped profile, the rounded part of the U being mounted in the post P and the ends of one of the retaining bars 14 extending in a direction opposite to that of the angle.

[0159] [Fig. 13] describes a wall comprising a plurality of modules 1 arranged horizontally to form an interior angle.

[0160] The modules 1 of this embodiment comprise an outer wall 10, an inner wall 11 and an insulating layer 12. In this embodiment, the receiving portion 100 is shorter than the attachment portion 101, which is itself shorter than the inner wall 11. Two modules 1 juxtaposed to form an inner angle define a decompression groove. The decompression groove comprises an expansion joint 16 ensuring the junction between two adjacent modules 1. The expansion joint 16 is arranged at the junction between two attachment portions 101 of two adjacent modules.

[0161] The inner wall 11 is substantially identical to that described in [Fig. 12].

[0162] [Fig. 14] describes a wall comprising a plurality of modules 1 arranged horizontally to form an angle greater than 90°.

[0163] The modules 1 of this embodiment comprise an outer wall 10, an inner wall 11 and an insulating layer 12. In this embodiment, the receiving portion 100 is longer than the attachment portion 101, which is itself longer than the inner wall 11. Two modules 1 juxtaposed to form an outer angle define a decompression groove. The decompression groove comprises an expansion joint 16 ensuring the junction between two adjacent modules 1. The expansion joint 16 is arranged at the junction between two attachment portions 101 of two adjacent modules.

[0164] The inner wall 11 has a lateral reservation at each of its ends. At the lateral reservation, the inner wall 11 has a rough strip. Two lateral reservations of two adjacent walls form a V-shaped cavity in which two posts P are mounted forming a substantially angle identical, at the junction between two interior walls 11. Each interior wall 11 has at each of its ends a retaining bar 14 comprising a U-shaped profile, the rounded part of the U being mounted in the post P and the ends of one of the retaining bars 14 extending in a direction opposite to that of the angle.

[0165] The preceding description clearly explains how the invention makes it possible to achieve the objectives it has set itself, namely to propose a solution making it possible to plant a facade while at the same time ensuring a diversification of the plants installed on the facade but also ensuring that the structure does not undergo any modification to plant vegetation there and allowing a saving of time and money in the management of the construction, by proposing a green wall module, comprising a prefabricated exterior wall made of composite, the exterior wall comprising a hanging portion and a receiving portion to define a volume in which a plant growing substrate is arranged, the module also comprising an interior wall similar to a building load-bearing wall.

[0166] In any event, the invention cannot be limited to the embodiments specifically described in this document, and extends in particular to all equivalent means and to any technically effective combination of these means. In particular, it may be envisaged that: - the outer wall 10 is prefabricated in prestressed concrete; - the attachment portion 101 and the receiving portion 100 form a profile V-shaped; - the lower end 102b of the volume 102 can be closed; - the insulation layer 12 comprises glass wool or mineral wool and / or a material made from plant fibers and / or a high-density extruded polymer and / or a polyurethane foam; - the module 1 comprises connecting bars adapted to fix the outer wall 10 and the inner wall 11 to each other by passing through the insulation layer 12; - the guardrail G is a glass wall or a tubular structure associated with cables; - the wall has a cable or a trellis connecting two adjacent modules 1 vertically or horizontally.

Claims

Claims

1. Module (1) of a green wall, comprising an outer wall (10) prefabricated from reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete, the outer wall (10) comprising a hanging portion (101) and a receiving portion (100) extending from a lower surface (101b) of the hanging portion (101) to define a volume (102) in which a substrate (102.1) for growing plants is arranged, the outer wall (10) comprising a conduit (103) opening into the volume (102) on the one hand and outside the outer wall (10) on the other hand.

2. Green wall module (1) according to the preceding claim, in which the outer surface of the receiving portion (100) comprises a plurality of niches (100.1).

3. Green wall module (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the pipe (103) extends from an upper surface (10a) of the outer wall (10) to a lower surface (10b) of the outer wall (10), said pipe (103) comprises a branch (103.1) opening into the volume (102).

4. Green wall module (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the module (1) comprises an inner wall (11), separated from the outer wall (10) by a layer of insulation (12).

5. Green wall module (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it comprises connecting bars (17) adapted to fix the outer wall (10) and the inner wall (11) to each other, said connecting bars (17) passing through the insulation layer (12).

6. Green wall module (1) according to one of claims 4 or 5, wherein the outer wall (10) and / or the inner wall (11) comprises a connecting pin (110) extending from a lower surface (10b, 11b) of this wall (10, 11) and a reservation (111) formed in this wall (10, 11) extending from an upper surface (10a, 11a) of this wall (10, 11).

7. Green wall module (1) according to one of claims 4 or 5, in which the upper surface (11a) of the inner wall (11) is vertically offset with respect to the upper surface (10a) of the outer wall (10) and / or the lower surface (11b) of the inner wall (11) is vertically offset from the lower surface (10b) of the outer wall (10).

8. Green wall module (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the receiving portion (100) comprises a hole (102.3) formed under the volume (102).

9. Green wall comprising a plurality of modules (1) according to one of the preceding claims.

10. Green wall according to claim 9, characterized in that it comprises a beam (2) and in that at least one of the modules of said plurality of modules is mechanically connected to the beam (2).

11. Green wall according to one of claims 9 or 10, characterized in that it comprises a slab (3) extending perpendicular to the modules (1) and in that at least one of the modules of said plurality of modules is mechanically connected to the slab.

12. Green wall according to one of claims 9 to 11, in which at least two modules (1) are juxtaposed horizontally so as to accommodate a post in the lateral spaces provided at the ends of the interior walls of these modules and facing each other, retaining bars supported by this post being taken in these interior walls.

13. Balcony comprising a plurality of modules (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, the modules being juxtaposed horizontally.

14. A method of manufacturing a module (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the module is produced by molding reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete in a mold.

15. A mold adapted for use in the manufacturing method according to claim 14 of a module (1).

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