measurement method for a photovoltaic system and electrical assembly

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for measuring the electrical power produced by a photovoltaic system (1), configured to be electrically connected to a domestic electrical network (2), the photovoltaic system (1) being connected to an electrical outlet (25) of an electrical circuit (24) located downstream of a main circuit breaker (22) so as to be able to inject into the domestic electrical network (2) electrical energy obtained by transforming incident solar energy, the measurement method allowing the operation of said photovoltaic system (1) to be known and measured locally at the level of the control module (13). Figure to be published with the abbreviation: Fig. 1

Description

Title of the invention: Measurement method for a photovoltaic system and electrical assembly

[0001] The technical context of the present invention is that of photovoltaic or solar panels. More particularly, the invention relates to a measurement method for a photovoltaic system and an electrical assembly.

[0002] The scope of the present invention relates exclusively to the field of photovoltaic energy production for individual users, as opposed to photovoltaic parks or photovoltaic installations designed to produce large quantities of energy, on the order of several megawatts, to supply electricity to neighborhoods, cities, or industrial sites. Thus, the scope of the present invention relates to photovoltaic systems producing several kilowatts of electrical energy from solar or photovoltaic energy.

[0003] Year after year, global warming is an increasingly pressing concern, whether for individuals or industry, leading to the development of alternative energies, such as solar energy, in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

[0004] Solar energy has, among other things, the advantages of being inexhaustible, ecological, and of having seen its price decrease sharply in recent years, making it competitive with conventional energy sources, such as oil, nuclear, etc. Solar energy being the alternative energy with the strongest growth.

[0005] As is known, a photovoltaic panel installed on the roof or wall of a building maximizes the amount of solar energy received by the panel and optimizes its electricity production. Once installed, the photovoltaic panel is connected to the domestic electrical grid so that the electrical energy thus produced can be fed into the grid.

[0006] The development of photovoltaic systems that can be directly connected to domestic electrical networks via a direct electrical connection to an electrical outlet is increasing. Given the rise and proliferation of such "plug and play" photovoltaic systems, meaning they are immediately usable after connection, it is becoming necessary to offer various functionalities to improve the user experience of these photovoltaic systems, their efficiency, their adaptability, and their diagnostic and troubleshooting capabilities.

[0007] To these ends, and according to a first aspect of the invention, at least one of the aforementioned objectives is achieved with a method for measuring electrical power produced by less one photovoltaic system, each photovoltaic system comprising:

[0008] - a photovoltaic panel configured to generate a continuous electrical signal of output from solar energy;

[0009] - an inverter configured to transform the generated output direct current electrical signal by the photovoltaic panel into an alternating electrical signal suitable for a domestic electrical network;

[0010] - an electrical cable, one end of which is electrically connected to the inverter and a second end includes an electrical connection device allowing the photovoltaic system to be electrically coupled to the domestic electrical network;

[0011] - a control module electrically connected to the inverter and the device electrical connection.

[0012] According to the first aspect of the invention, the method includes a step of measuring electrical power produced by the photovoltaic system, the electrical power measurement step being carried out by the control module.

[0013] In the context of the present invention, the photovoltaic system takes the form of a domestic photovoltaic installation configured to produce at most a few kilowatt-hours per day. The photovoltaic system is thus an electrical assembly that can be connected directly to the domestic electrical grid via its electrical cable and a standard household electrical outlet. In the context of the invention, the photovoltaic system is not an industrial installation.

[0014] In the context of the present invention, the photovoltaic panel comprises one or more solar panels. Each solar panel is configured to convert solar energy into electrical energy, and optionally thermal energy. Solar energy is understood here to mean light energy transported by incident solar radiation. Generally, the solar panel comprises a plurality of photovoltaic solar cells enabling the transformation of solar energy into electrical energy. In the context of the present invention, limited to domestic use, the photovoltaic panel has a solar panel surface area of ​​a few square meters, or even several tens of square meters. Generally, the photovoltaic panel has a solar panel surface area of ​​less than 100 m².In addition, the photovoltaic system also includes a mounting device that allows, firstly, the photovoltaic panel to be securely fixed to a support and, secondly, the photovoltaic panel to be tilted relative to at least one axis of rotation. The support can be of any construction, purpose, shape, or orientation. By way of non-limiting example, the support can advantageously be a wall, a roof, or even a terrace.

[0015] In the context of the present invention, a domestic electrical network is a domestic electrical installation such as those found in individual or multi-family dwellings. Such a domestic electrical network includes a main circuit breaker that isolates the domestic electrical network from an electrical distribution network. Downstream of the main circuit breaker, the domestic electrical network generally includes one or more electrical consumers, such as, for example, lighting sources, heating sources, and household appliances. The electrical consumers are located within the dwelling, each electrical consumer being connected to the main circuit breaker via an electrical circuit, preferably through a dedicated circuit breaker that protects said electrical circuit.In the context of the present invention, the photovoltaic system is integrated into such a domestic electrical network, thus becoming an electrical producer associated with the aforementioned electrical consumers.

[0016] In the context of the present invention, the electrical network comprises a plurality of electrical circuits deployed downstream of the main circuit breaker. The main circuit breaker provides electrical protection for the entire domestic electrical network, that is, all the electrical circuits. The electrical circuits are individually protected by thermal circuit breakers in the electrical panel. In other words, each electrical circuit is connected to the main circuit breaker via a thermal circuit breaker.

[0017] In the context of the present invention, the control module is an electronic unit located between the photovoltaic panel and the electrical outlet through which the photovoltaic system is connected to the domestic electrical grid. The control module allows the photovoltaic system to interface and to implement certain technical functionalities, which will be described below. Most advantageously, the control module facilitates the electrical interface of the photovoltaic system with the domestic electrical grid, adapting to its installation, the user's needs, and the intended use.

[0018] In the context of the present invention, the inverter comprises a DC-to-AC converter, either single-phase or polyphase, or a DC-to-AC converter, either single-phase or polyphase. Thus, the inverter adapts the electrical signals directly produced by the photovoltaic panel into signals and electrical energy compatible with a domestic AC and polyphase electrical network. In this way, the photovoltaic system produces AC current that can be directly injected—and is injected—into the domestic electrical network.

[0019] In the context of the present invention, the electrical power measurement step makes it possible to measure electrical power locally, at the level of the control module. For this purpose, the control mode includes at least one sensor configured to determine the instantaneous electrical power produced by the photovoltaic system.

[0020] The measurement method according to the first aspect of the invention advantageously comprises at least one of the following improvements, the technical characteristics forming these improvements being able to be taken alone or in combination:

[0021] - the electrical power measurement step includes a measurement step of a intensity of the output electrical signal and a step for measuring the voltage of the output electrical signal. For this purpose, the control module advantageously includes a current probe and a voltage probe. This advantageous configuration thus makes it possible to determine the electrical power as the product of the measured current and voltage. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the control module is configured to be able to determine both the current and the voltage of the output electrical signal, and thus to determine subsequent electrical quantities, such as, for example, electrical power – active or reactive – or a phase shift;

[0022] - additionally, the electrical power measurement step includes a The step involves determining the phase shift between the output signal current and the output signal voltage. This advantageous configuration allows the electrical power measured by the control module, and in particular active and reactive power, to be determined as the product of the measured current and voltage and / or the determined phase shift.

[0023] According to a first exploitation of the measurement method conforming to the first aspect of the invention, the invention aims to provide thermal protection for at least one photovoltaic system and the domestic electrical network. To this end, the measurement method conforming to the first aspect of the invention comprises at least one of the following improvements:

[0024] - the process includes a step of comparing the electrical power measured and a reference power. This comparison step determines whether the measured electrical power meets expectations or if it presents an abnormal value indicative of non-nominal operation of at least one photovoltaic system. Thus, the process secures both such a photovoltaic system located in a domestic electrical installation, downstream of a main circuit breaker, and the domestic electrical network itself and its users. Indeed, in the case of an industrial photovoltaic installation, it is connected to a specific electrical circuit, and the safety issue discussed here is not relevant. Furthermore, photovoltaic installations Those not connected to a household electrical outlet do not present such issues either, as they are connected via a dedicated electrical circuit. The invention here addresses a thermal protection method specific to the particular use of a photovoltaic system connected to the household electrical grid via any electrical outlet;

[0025] - according to a first embodiment, the comparison step is carried out by the control module, the control module comprising a processing unit. In the context of the invention, the processing unit comprises computing means, such as for example a microcontroller or a processor, and a memory area;

[0026] - alternatively, the comparison step is performed on a remote server, the The control module includes means for communicating with said remote server. The method comprises a step of transmitting the measured current and voltage and the phase shift determined by the control module, the transmission step being prior to the comparison step. Preferably, the transmission step only involves transmitting the calculated power. In the context of the present invention, the communication step is preferably wireless, or possibly wired. In the case of wireless communication, the communication step is, for example, a telecommunication type, such as one of the 3G, 4G, 5G or later standards, or a radio frequency communication protocol such as, for example, the LoRa (Long Range) protocol, or one of the protocols governed by the IEEE 802 standard.11 - known as wifi - or IEEE 802.15 known as Bluetooth. In the case of wired communication, the communication step is carried out for example through power line communication, through an optical fiber or through a network cable, or even through a serial link; .

[0027] - in either embodiment, the reference power is in less than 3 kW, preferably between 300 W and 1 kW, preferably equal to 900 W. The reference power is preferably determined by a photovoltaic system electrically connected to the domestic electrical network;

[0028] - thus, according to a first embodiment, the reference power is a value predetermined and stored on the control module and / or on a remote server. In this first embodiment, the reference power is predetermined and available in a memory area of ​​the control module, or transmitted by the remote server. This first embodiment is simpler to implement;

[0029] - according to a second embodiment, the measurement method conforming to the first aspect of the invention includes a step of adapting the reference power according to the architecture of the domestic electrical network to which at least one The photovoltaic system is electrically connected. In this embodiment, the reference power is determined according to the architecture of the domestic electrical network and the connected photovoltaic system(s);

[0030] - more specifically, the reference power adaptation step includes A step of determining the number of photovoltaic systems connected to the domestic electrical grid, the reference power being equal to a normative reference value divided by the determined number of photovoltaic systems. More specifically, the step of adapting the reference power includes a step of determining the number of photovoltaic systems connected to a given electrical circuit of the domestic electrical grid, the reference power being equal to a normative reference value divided by the number of photovoltaic systems connected to said given electrical grid.Therefore, the reference power against which the measured electrical power is compared depends on the number of photovoltaic systems connected to each circuit of the domestic electrical network: the more photovoltaic systems a circuit has connected, the lower the reference power. This is to avoid any electrical risk resulting from connecting a photovoltaic system to that circuit of the domestic electrical network, downstream of the main circuit breaker. The main circuit breaker protects all electrical circuits located downstream. Thus, as a non-limiting example, if only one photovoltaic system is connected to a circuit of the domestic electrical network, then the reference power is, for example, 900 W.On the other hand, if two photovoltaic systems are connected to the same electrical circuit of the domestic electrical network, then the reference power is, for example, equal to 450 W. In general, if N photovoltaic systems are connected to the same electrical circuit of the domestic electrical network, N being a natural number, then the reference power is, for example, equal to 900 / NW;

[0031] - the adaptation step takes the form of a declaration of the number of photosystems tovoltaics connected to the same electrical circuit of the domestic electrical network, notably using a mobile application;

[0032] - in the case where the control module is connected to the domestic electrical network by Using a power line adapter, the adaptation step comprises (i) a step of transmitting a request signal on the domestic electrical network via the power line adapter, and (ii) a step of receiving an identification signal transmitted by at least one other control module of another photovoltaic system connected to the same domestic electrical network. This advantageous configuration makes it possible to probe the domestic electrical network to detect the presence of the control module of each connected photovoltaic system. In the context of The invention, with its transmission and reception stages, corresponds to a "ping" of the domestic electrical network. This advantageous configuration allows, from the power line carrier signal (whose data rate varies according to the distance between two control modules connected via the domestic electrical network), for the estimation of whether the two control modules are connected via the same electrical circuit or via two different electrical circuits. This advantageous configuration thus allows each photovoltaic system to be adapted automatically and without prior notification, depending on the location of all photovoltaic systems on the same domestic electrical network.More generally, this configuration allows each photovoltaic system to be adapted according to the installation of all photovoltaic systems on the same domestic electrical network, by suggesting a reference power value adapted to the electrical installation of the photovoltaic systems on the domestic electrical network, prior to validation or correction by the user. In other words, the use of a power line communication connection allows a given control module of a given photovoltaic system to determine the distance separating it from another control module of a different photovoltaic system;

[0033] - consequently, the number of electrical photovoltaic systems is then fixed in function of a number of identification signals received consecutively to the transmission step;

[0034] - the method includes an electrical isolation step of at least one photosystem If the measured electrical power exceeds the reference power, the control module includes an electrical coupling device configured to selectively connect at least one photovoltaic system to the domestic electrical grid (with the electrical coupling device in a closed state) and disconnect at least one photovoltaic system from the domestic electrical grid (with the electrical coupling device in an open state). This advantageous configuration allows for a safety function to be integrated directly into the control module. In the context of the present invention, the electrical coupling device is an electrical device that can be selectively configured to establish an electrical connection or to electrically isolate the photovoltaic system from the domestic electrical grid.By way of non-limiting example, the electrical coupling device can be a switch, an electrical relay, or one or more electrical transistors.

[0035] According to a second exploitation of the measurement method in accordance with the first aspect of the invention, the invention aims to provide an automatic analysis of the performance of at least one photovoltaic system connected to the domestic electrical network. To this end, the measurement method conforming to the first aspect of the invention includes at least one of the following improvements:

[0036] - the measurement method according to the first aspect of the invention comprises (i) a (i) a step of transmitting the measured current and voltage and the phase shift determined by the control module, the transmission step being implemented by the control module's communication means, and (ii) a step of analyzing the measured electrical power of at least one photovoltaic system with respect to comparative data. Thus, the measurement method according to the invention now makes it possible to transmit the data measured by the control module – current and / or voltage and / or phase shift – to the remote server. Additionally, the transmission step may transmit supplementary parameters relating to the photovoltaic system and / or its installation, such as, for example, GPS coordinates of the installation of said photovoltaic system, its altitude, its cardinal orientation, its tilt relative to the horizontal, the surface area of ​​the photovoltaic panels, a date, a time, a model, or a serial number;

[0037] - as mentioned previously, the means of communication are of the type of a wireless communication, or possibly wired communication. In the case of wireless communication, the communication stage is, for example, of the telecommunications type, for example according to one of the 3G, 4G, 5G or later standards, or according to a radio frequency communication protocol such as the long-range protocol LoRa, the English acronym for "Long Range", or even according to one of the protocols governed by the IEEE 802.11 standard - known as Wi-Fi - or IEEE 802.15 known as Bluetooth. In the case of wired communication, the communication stage is carried out, for example, through power line communication, through an optical fiber or through a network cable, or through a serial link;

[0038] - the analysis step includes a step of comparing the electrical power measured from at least one photovoltaic system and the electrical power of other photovoltaic systems connected to other domestic electrical networks and benefiting from identical or similar operating conditions. This advantageous configuration thus makes it possible to detect any abnormal operation of the photovoltaic system, simply and effectively by comparison. In the context of the present invention, the identity or similarity of the operating conditions corresponds respectively to the same region or a neighboring region, the same cardinal orientation or a close cardinal orientation - a difference in cardinal orientation being less than 10°, the same tilt or a close tilt - a difference in tilt being less than 10°;

[0039] - the analysis step includes a step of comparing the electrical power measured from at least one photovoltaic system using nomograms. This advantageous configuration allows comparison of the data transmitted by the control module with expected theoretical values, thus making it possible to detect an inappropriate deviation from these;

[0040] - the reconciliation step includes a meteorological data integration step logics associated with at least one photovoltaic system. The meteorological data includes outside temperature, pressure, humidity and / or sunshine;

[0041] - the analysis step thus forms a diagnostic step of an operating state of at least one photovoltaic system depending on the rapprochement stage and / or the comparison stage.

[0042] According to a third embodiment of the measurement method according to the first aspect of the invention, the invention aims to provide a current rejection function for at least one photovoltaic system connected to the domestic electrical grid. To this end, the measurement method according to the first aspect of the invention comprises at least one of the following improvements:

[0043] - the measurement method includes a cross-checking step between the electrical power measured from at least one photovoltaic system and the electrical power consumed by the domestic electrical network to which at least one photovoltaic system is connected. This advantageous configuration thus makes it possible to compare the electrical power measured and produced by the photovoltaic system and the electrical power consumed by the domestic electrical network;

[0044] - the method includes an electrical isolation step of at least one photosystem If the measured electrical power of at least one photovoltaic system is less than the electrical power of the corresponding domestic electrical network, the control module includes an electrical coupling element configured to selectively connect said at least one photovoltaic system to the domestic electrical network, the electrical coupling element being configured in a closed state, and to disconnect said at least one photovoltaic system from the domestic electrical network, the electrical coupling element being configured in an open state. In the context of the present invention, the electrical coupling element is an electrical device that can be selectively configured to establish an electrical connection or to electrically isolate the photovoltaic system from the domestic electrical network.By way of non-limiting example, the electrical coupling device can be a switch, an electrical relay, or one or more electrical transistors.

[0045] According to a second aspect of the invention, an electrical assembly is proposed comprising a domestic electrical network and at least one photovoltaic system, each photovoltaic system comprising:

[0046] - a photovoltaic panel configured to generate a continuous electrical signal of output from solar energy;

[0047] - an inverter configured to transform the generated output direct current electrical signal by the photovoltaic panel into an alternating electrical signal suitable for the domestic electrical network;

[0048] - an electrical cable, one end of which is electrically connected to the inverter and a second end includes an electrical connection device allowing the photovoltaic system to be electrically coupled to the domestic electrical network;

[0049] - a control module electrically connected to the inverter and the device electrical connection, the control module being configured to implement all or part of the steps of the measurement process according to the first aspect of the invention or according to any of its improvements.

[0050] The electrical assembly according to the second aspect of the invention advantageously comprises at least one of the improvements below, the technical characteristics forming these improvements being able to be taken alone or in combination:

[0051] - the control module includes means of communication with a server remotely, the control module being configured to transmit the measured electrical power to the remote server and receive instructions;

[0052] - the control module includes an electrical coupling element configured to selectively connect said at least one photovoltaic system to the domestic electrical network, the electrical coupling device being configured in a closed state and, to disconnect said at least one photovoltaic system from the domestic electrical network, the electrical coupling device being configured in an open state, the control module being configured to implement the method according to any one of its improvements.

[0053] Various embodiments of the invention are provided, incorporating, according to all their possible combinations, the different optional features set out here.

[0054] Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description on the one hand, and from several illustrative and non-limiting examples of embodiments given with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings on the other hand, in which:

[0055] [Fig-1] illustrates a schematic view of an electrical assembly according to the invention, implementing a photovoltaic system in a domestic electrical network;

[0056] [Fig.2] illustrates a schematic view of an example embodiment of a module of control of the photovoltaic system of the [Fig.l];

[0057] [Fig.3] illustrates a synoptic view of the measurement method according to the first aspect of the invention.

[0058] Of course, the features, variants, and different embodiments of the invention can be combined in various ways, provided they are not incompatible or mutually exclusive. In particular, variants of the invention may be conceived comprising only a selection of features, described hereafter in isolation from the other described features, if this selection of features is sufficient to confer a technical advantage or to differentiate the invention from the prior art.

[0059] In particular, all the variants and all the embodiments described are combinable with each other if nothing prevents this combination from a technical point of view.

[0060] In the figures, the elements common to several figures retain the same reference.

[0061] With reference to [Fig. 1], the field of the invention is specifically that of domestic electrical installations, within a single-family dwelling 4 or a multi-family dwelling 4. More particularly, the invention relates to the electrical connection of one or more photovoltaic systems 1 to a domestic electrical network 2.

[0062] The domestic electrical network 2 addresses all electrical devices within the dwelling 4, or directly connected to said dwelling 4. The domestic electrical network 2 differs from an electrical distribution network which is intended to supply the dwelling 4 with the electrical energy necessary for the operation of its electrical devices.

[0063] The domestic electrical network 2 can be isolated or connected to the electrical distribution network via a main circuit breaker 22 of an electrical panel 23 placed at the input of the domestic electrical network 2. Then, several electrical circuits 24 extend from the electrical panel 23, downstream of the main circuit breaker 22, to several electrical consumers.

[0064] In the context of the invention, electrical consumers are electrical devices, electrical appliances, which use electrical energy supplied by the domestic electrical network 2, via the electrical distribution network, to operate. By way of non-limiting examples, such electrical consumers may be lamps, household appliances, a television or a wireless communication module.

[0065] In particular, the context of the invention is also limited to one or more photovoltaic systems 1 connected to one of the electrical outlets of the domestic electrical network 2. In the case where the domestic electrical network 2 comprises If several separate photovoltaic systems 1 are used, for example, on different roof elements or arranged in different cardinal directions, then it is preferable that each photovoltaic system 1 be connected to a different electrical circuit 24, or to a different electrical outlet 25. If several photovoltaic systems 1 are electrically connected to the same electrical circuit 24, for example through the same electrical outlet 25, or if the electrical outlets 25 to which the photovoltaic systems 1 are connected are part of the same electrical circuit 24, then it is advisable to set a reference electrical power beyond which one of the photovoltaic systems 1 must be switched off to ensure the electrical safety of the domestic electrical network 2.

[0066] Such photovoltaic systems 1 comprise:

[0067] - a photovoltaic panel 11 configured to generate a continuous electrical signal output from solar energy. The photovoltaic panel 11 comprises one or more solar panels, each solar panel being configured to convert solar energy into electrical energy, and possibly thermal energy. The photovoltaic panel 11 has a solar panel surface area of ​​a few square meters, or even several tens of square meters. Generally, the photovoltaic panel 11 has a solar panel surface area of ​​less than 100 m². The photovoltaic panel 11 is placed in the immediate vicinity of the dwelling 4, so that it can be directly connected to the electrical outlet 25 of the domestic electrical network 2.In addition, the photovoltaic system 1 also includes a fixing device allowing, on the one hand, the photovoltaic panel 11 to be fixed securely to a support - a wall, a roof, a terrace - and, on the other hand, the photovoltaic panel 11 to be tilted relative to at least one axis of rotation; .

[0068] - an inverter 12 configured to transform the output direct current electrical signal generated by the photovoltaic panel 11 into an alternating electrical signal suitable for a domestic electrical network 2. More particularly, the inverter 12 includes a direct voltage converter into an alternating voltage or a direct current converter into an alternating current, in order to be able to inject the thus converted alternating electrical signal into a phase P2 of the domestic electrical network 2;

[0069] - an electrical cable 14, one end of which is electrically connected to the inverter 12 and a second end 15 includes an electrical connection device allowing the photovoltaic system 1 to be electrically coupled to an electrical outlet 25 of the domestic electrical network 2;

[0070] - a control module 13 electrically connected to the inverter 12 and to the device electrical connection, the control module 13 comprising (i) an electrical coupling element 134 configured to selectively connect said at least one photovoltaic system 1 to domestic electrical network 2, the electrical coupling device 134 being configured in a closed state and, uncoupling said at least one photovoltaic system 1 from domestic electrical network 2, the electrical coupling device 134 being configured in an open state, and (ii) means of communication with a remote server.

[0071] The electrical coupling element 134 takes the form of a relay or a switch of any type, the electrical coupling element 134 being controlled by the control module 13 in order to be able to control its state, open or closed, according to an isolation command received by the control module 13.

[0072] With reference to [Fig. 2], the control module 13 comprises a housing containing:

[0073] - a power supply unit 131 electrically connected to the electrical network domestic 2, and more particularly to a phase P2 and to a neutral PI of said domestic electrical network 2, so as to allow operation of the control module 13;

[0074] - a communication unit 132, preferably wireless, allowing the module communication to receive, and possibly transmit, respectively commands and parameters. The commands received by the control module 13 via its communication unit 132 are sent by a remote server not shown in the FIGURES, while the parameters are technical data characteristic of the photovoltaic system 1 and possibly the domestic electrical network 2s and which can be transmitted by the control module 13 in order to allow the execution of certain more complex technical functions. In the context of the invention, the communication unit 132 is, for example, of the type of a telecommunications chip, for example according to one of the 3G, 4G, 5G or higher protocols, or of the type of WIFI chip, Bluetooth or a LoRa type radio frequency communication chip;

[0075] - a metrology unit 133 comprising one or more sensors configured for to measure an electric current produced by the photovoltaic system 1 and / or an electric voltage produced by the photovoltaic system 1 and / or a phase shift between the current and the voltage. For this purpose, the metrology unit 133 includes a shunt resistor 135 placed on the phase P2 of the domestic electrical network 2 and configured to allow a measurement of current Di - through a measurement of voltage Du across the terminals of the shunt resistor 135 - and a measurement of voltage Du between the phase P2 and the neutral PI of the domestic electrical network 2 to which the control module 13 is electrically connected;

[0076] - the electrical coupling element 134 as described above. The element of The electrical coupling 134 is connected in particular to the communication unit 132 in order to allow its control according to the commands received and / or the pa transmitted rameters. In the context of the invention, the coupling element 134 takes the form of a relay placed on the neutral PI and / or on the phase P2 of the domestic electrical network 2 to which the control module 13 is connected.

[0077] With reference to [Fig. 3], the invention relates to a measurement method 5 implementing the photovoltaic system 1 described above. Such a measurement method 5 comprises a measurement step 51 of the electrical power produced by the photovoltaic system 1, the measurement step 51 of the electrical power being carried out by the control module 13.

[0078] More specifically, in the illustrated embodiment, the electrical power measurement step 51 comprises:

[0079] - a measurement step 51 of the intensity of the output electrical signal;

[0080] - a measurement step 51 of a voltage of the output electrical signal;

[0081] - a step of determining a phase shift between the output signal current and the voltage of said output signal.

[0082] The control module 13 thus makes it possible to determine the electrical power produced by the photovoltaic system 1 as the product of the measured current and voltage, and possibly of the determined phase shift.

[0083] According to a first exploitation, the measurement method 5 is used to provide a thermal protection function for each photovoltaic system 1 and the domestic electrical network 2. For this purpose, the measurement method 5 includes a comparison step 52 between the measured electrical power and a reference power, in order to determine whether the measured electrical power is in accordance with expectations or whether it has an abnormal value and is representative of non-nominal operation of each photovoltaic system 1.

[0084] The comparison step 52 is performed by the control module 13, the control module 13 comprising a processing unit, or the comparison step 52 is performed on a remote server, via the communication unit 132 of the control module 13 in order to communicate with said remote server. In this case, the measurement method 5 includes a transmission step 56 of the measured current and voltage, and / or the phase shift determined by the control module 13, the transmission step 56 being prior to the aforementioned comparison step 52. Preferably, the transmission step 56 only includes the transmission of the calculated power.

[0085] For a single photovoltaic system 1 connected to one of the electrical circuits 24 of the domestic network, the reference power is less than 1 kW, preferably between 300 W and 1 kW, preferably equal to 900 W. On the other hand, in the case where several photovoltaic systems 1 are connected to the domestic electrical network 2, then it is advantageous to reconsider the value of the power of reference in order to effectively protect each electrical circuit 24 and, ultimately, the domestic electrical network 2 and its users.

[0086] According to a first variant which is simpler to implement, the reference power is pre-declared and recorded on the remote server or on the control module 13, at the time of installation of the photovoltaic system(s) 1. This is therefore a static declaration which serves as a reference and comparison for the implementation of the comparison step 52.

[0087] According to a second, more efficient, safer and above all adaptive embodiment, the conformal measurement method 5 includes an adaptation step 54 of the reference power according to the architecture of the domestic electrical network 2 to which each photovoltaic system 1 is electrically connected.

[0088] More specifically, such an adaptation step 54 of the reference power comprises:

[0089] - a step 53 of determining the number of connected photovoltaic systems 1 to the domestic electrical network 2. Advantageously, the determination step 53 is a determination step of the number of photovoltaic systems 1 connected to one of the electrical circuits;

[0090] - a step of calculating the reference power as being equal to a value of normative reference - that which could be declared statically for example - divided by the number of photovoltaic systems determined 1.

[0091] Thus, the reference power against which the measured electrical power is compared depends on the number of photovoltaic systems 1 connected to the domestic electrical network 2, and more particularly those connected to each electrical circuit 24, the number of photovoltaic systems 1 connected to each electrical circuit being counted independently of the other electrical circuits 24: the more a domestic electrical network 24 contains a large number of connected photovoltaic systems 1, the lower the reference power - for this electrical circuit 24 is in order to avoid any electrical risk resulting from the connection of a photovoltaic system 1 to said electrical circuit 24 of the domestic electrical network 2, downstream of the main circuit breaker 22.

[0092] Particularly advantageously, in the case where the control module 13 is connected to the domestic electrical network 2 via a power line adapter, then the adaptation step 54 comprises:

[0093] - a step of transmitting a request signal on the domestic electrical network 2 via the powerline adapter; and

[0094] - a step of receiving an identification signal emitted by at least one other control module 13 of another photovoltaic system 1 connected to the same domestic electrical network 2.

[0095] This advantageous configuration allows for the automatic scanning of the domestic electrical network 2 to detect the presence of the control module 13 of each connected photovoltaic system 1 and, ultimately, to automatically determine the number of photovoltaic systems 1 connected to the domestic electrical network 2 as well as the distance separating the control module from each photovoltaic system. It is thus possible to automatically secure the domestic electrical network 2 by systematically detecting each new connection.

[0096] Consequently, the process 5 includes an electrical isolation step 55 of each photovoltaic system 1 if the measured electrical power is greater than the reference power.

[0097] According to a second embodiment, the measurement method 5 is used to provide an automatic performance analysis function for each photovoltaic system 1 connected to the domestic electrical network 2. For this purpose, the measurement method 5 comprises:

[0098] - a transmission step 56 of the measured current and voltage and / or of the phase shift determined by the control module 13, the transmission step 56 being implemented by communication means - the communication unit 132 - of the control module 13; and

[0099] - an analysis step 57, 571 of the measured electrical power of at least one photovoltaic system 1 in view of comparative data.

[0100] Thus, the measurement method 5 now makes it possible to transmit the data measured by the control module 13 – current and / or voltage and / or phase shift – to the remote server. Additionally, the transmission step 56 can transmit supplementary parameters relating to the photovoltaic system 1 and / or its installation, such as, for example, the GPS coordinates of the installation of said photovoltaic system 1, its altitude, its cardinal orientation, its inclination relative to the horizontal, the surface area of ​​the photovoltaic panels, a date, a time, a model, or a serial number.

[0101] Analysis step 57, 571 advantageously comprises:

[0102] - a comparison step 572 of the measured electrical power of at least one photovoltaic system 1 and the electrical power of other photovoltaic systems 1 connected to other domestic electrical networks and benefiting from identical or similar operating conditions; and / or

[0103] - a step of approximating 573 of the measured electrical power of the at least a photovoltaic system 1 with nomograms. The reconciliation step 573 includes an integration step 574 of meteorological data associated with at least one photovoltaic system 1.

[0104] The analysis step 57, 571 thus forms a diagnostic step of a functional state operation of at least one photovoltaic system 1 according to the reconciliation step 573 and / or the comparison step 572.

[0105] According to a third embodiment, the measurement method 5 is used to provide an anti-rejection function for each photovoltaic system 1 connected to the domestic electrical network 2. To this end, the measurement method 5 comprises:

[0106] - a cross-checking step between the measured electrical power of at least one photovoltaic system 1 and electrical power consumed by the domestic electrical network 2 to which at least one photovoltaic system 1 is connected;

[0107] - an electrical isolation step 55 of at least one photovoltaic system 1 if the measured electrical power of at least one photovoltaic system 1 is less than the electrical power of the corresponding domestic electrical network 2.

[0108] In summary, the invention relates to a method 5 for measuring electrical power produced by a photovoltaic system 1, configured to be able to be electrically connected to a domestic electrical network 2, the photovoltaic system 1 being connected to an electrical outlet 25 of an electrical circuit 24 located downstream of a main circuit breaker 22 so as to be able to inject into the domestic electrical network 2 electrical energy obtained by transformation of incident solar energy, the measurement method 5 allowing to know and measure locally, at the level of the control module 13, the operation of said photovoltaic system 1.

[0109] Of course, the invention is not limited to the examples just described, and many modifications can be made to these examples without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the various features, forms, variants, and embodiments of the invention can be combined with one another in various ways, provided they are not incompatible or mutually exclusive. In particular, all the variants and embodiments described above are combinable with each other.

Claims

Demands

1. A method (5) for measuring the electrical power produced by at least one photovoltaic system (1), each photovoltaic system (1) comprising: - a photovoltaic panel (11) configured to generate a continuous electrical output signal from solar energy; - an inverter (12) configured to transform the continuous electrical output signal generated by the photovoltaic panel (11) into an alternating electrical signal suitable for a domestic electrical network (2); - an electrical cable (14) one end of which is electrically connected to the inverter (12) and a second end (15) has an electrical connection device allowing the photovoltaic system (1) to be electrically coupled to the domestic electrical network (2); - a control module (13) electrically connected to the inverter (12) and to the electrical connection device; the process (5) comprising a step of measuring (51) electrical power produced by the photovoltaic system (1), the step of measuring (51) the electrical power being carried out by the control module (13); characterized in that the process (5) further comprises: - a transmission step (56) of the measured current and voltage, and optionally of the phase shift determined by the control module (13), the transmission step (56) being implemented by communication means of the control module (13); and - an analysis step (57, 571) of the measured electrical power of at least one photovoltaic system (1) with regard to comparative data, the analysis step (57, 571) comprising a comparison step (572) of the measured electrical power of at least one photovoltaic system (1) and the electrical powers of other photovoltaic systems (1) connected to other domestic electrical networks and benefiting from identical or similar operating conditions.

2. A measurement method (5) according to the preceding claim, wherein the measurement step (51) of electrical power comprises a measurement step (51) of the intensity of the output electrical signal, a measurement step (51) of the voltage of the output electrical signal, and possibly- actually a step of determining a phase shift between the output signal current and the output signal voltage.

3. A measurement method (5) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the analysis step (57, 571) includes a comparison step (573) of the measured electrical power of at least one photovoltaic system (1) with nomograms.

4. A measurement method (5) according to the preceding claim, wherein the reconciliation step (573) comprises an integration step (574) of meteorological data associated with at least one photovoltaic system (1).

5. Electrical assembly comprising a domestic electrical network (2) and at least one photovoltaic system (1), each photovoltaic system (1) comprising: - a photovoltaic panel (11) configured to generate a continuous electrical output signal from solar energy; - an inverter (12) configured to transform the continuous electrical output signal generated by the photovoltaic panel (11) into an alternating electrical signal suitable for the domestic electrical network (2); - an electrical cable (14) having one end electrically connected to the inverter (12) and a second end (15) comprising an electrical connection device enabling the photovoltaic system (1) to be electrically coupled to the domestic electrical network (2);- a control module (13) electrically connected to the inverter (12) and to the electrical connection device, the control module (13) being configured to implement all or part of the steps of the process (5) according to any one of claims 1 to 4.;

6. Electrical assembly according to the preceding claim, wherein the control module (13) comprises an electrical coupling element (134) configured to selectively connect said at least one photovoltaic system (1) to the domestic electrical network (2), the electrical coupling element (134) being configured in a closed state and, to decouple said at least one photovoltaic system (1) from the domestic electrical network (2), the electrical coupling element (134) being configured in an open state, the control module (13) being configured to implement the method (5) according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

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