Fluidized bed distributor

Abstract

Device for distributing light fluid phase (2) into a heavy fluid phase (4) in a reaction chamber (5), comprising: a pipe (1) for transporting the light fluid phase comprising lower and upper ends; first and second windows (7, 8) pierced in a wall of the pipe near the upper end; and a distributor (3) comprising: radial branches (9) connected to each second window towards a branch peripheral end (24), on a branch axis (A) perpendicular to the axis of symmetry (Z) of the upper end, the lower face of the branches being open; a first jet breaker (6) arranged on the upper end and projecting around the upper end; and a second jet breaker (12) arranged near the branch peripheral end and facing the branch peripheral end. Figure 1 to be published

Description

Description Title of the invention: Fluidized bed distributor Technical field The present invention relates to the improvement of the design of distributors for distributing a first fluid, generally light, into a reactor containing a second fluid, generally dense. In the context of fluidized beds, the first distributed fluid is a gas, gas-solid, gas-liquid, liquid or liquid-solid phase, and the second fluid is the fluidized bed itself, i.e. a suspension of solid particles (e.g. a catalyst or a solid adsorbent) dispersed in gas and / or liquid. In the case where the reactor comprises a fluidized bed, which contains a solid phase (catalytic or not) maintained in suspension in the pseudo-fluid state by the passage of a gaseous fluid, liquid, gas-liquid mixture, or pseudo-fluid consisting of gas and / or liquid containing suspended particles, the distribution has the essential role of maintaining the fluidization of the solid in the reactor while ensuring good mixing of all the phases, thus allowing good homogeneity of the products within the fluidized bed. It is therefore essential to ensure good distribution of the fluid phases as they enter the reactor. This is even more important in the case where a chemical reaction occurs in the fluidized bed because we then seek to avoid any bypass, dead zone, and parasitic reactions, which are harmful to the process. The present invention is an improvement of a prior known distributor notably described in patent FR3065886, the distributor being able to be used in different types of processes involving fluidized beds. Some non-exhaustive examples of applications are fluidized bed catalytic cracking (FCC), chemical looping combustion (CLC), hydroconversion of residues in ebullated beds. Prior art Patent US5156817 describes a dispenser provided with a plurality of distribution arms with a triangular section and whose lower edges are serrated. Patent US6221318 describes a dispenser provided with a plurality of dispensing arms having different terminations. Patent FR3006607 describes a distributor of light phase in a dense phase comprising a deflection means arranged on the external surface of the cover. Patent FR3065886 describes a light phase distribution in a dense phase comprising windows extending by branches perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of the reaction chamber. Patent FR3082125 describes a distribution of light phase in a dense phase comprising windows and dividing into three passages. US11266923 describes a light phase distribution in a dense phase comprising distribution arms pierced with holes extending radially outward from the knob. Summary of the invention In the context described above, a first object of the present invention is to provide distribution devices allowing better distribution of a first fluid phase (i.e., light phase) in a reaction chamber containing a second fluid phase (i.e., heavy phase or dense phase) having a greater density than the light fluid phase to be distributed. This difference in density may be due either to a volume fraction of solid or to a volume fraction of liquid of the phase to be injected lower than that of the phase contained in the capacity where the phases must be mixed. In particular, the present invention relates to distribution devices allowing improved mixing between the phases, and in particular a good distribution of the two phases along the cross-section of the reaction chamber, and in particular along the wall of the reaction chamber.The present invention also relates to dispensing devices allowing improved reaction performance. According to a first aspect, the aforementioned objects, as well as other advantages, are obtained by a distribution device adapted for the distribution of a light fluid phase within a heavy fluid phase, for example for distribution in a reaction chamber containing said heavy fluid phase (eg in the fluidized state), the distribution device comprising: - a pipe (eg vertical) for transporting the light fluid phase comprising a lower end and an upper end; - first windows and second windows pierced in a wall of the pipe near the upper end of the pipe; and - a distributor, in which the distributor comprises: - radial branches connected to each second window towards a peripheral branch end, along a branch axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of the upper end of the pipe, the lower face of the radial branches being open; - a first jet breaker arranged on the upper end of the pipe, the first jet breaker extending around the upper end of the pipe; and - a second jet breaker arranged near the peripheral end of the branch and facing the peripheral end of the branch. According to one or more embodiments, the second jet breaker is a solid plate or a plate provided with orifices, substantially perpendicular to the branch axis. According to one or more embodiments, each radial branch comprises side walls and a top wall, the second jet breaker being attached to at least one of the side walls and the top wall by means of at least one fastening element. According to one or more embodiments, the second jet breaker comprises an upper side being connected to the upper wall of the radial branch by an extension plate. According to one or more embodiments, the extension plate is a solid plate substantially parallel to the branch axis. According to one or more embodiments, the opening of the lower face of the radial branches is extended to the second jet breaker. According to one or more embodiments, the second jet breaker is curved on a generator in a plane perpendicular to the axis of symmetry. According to one or more embodiments, each radial branch has: - a length e between 1XE and 6xE and preferably between 1xE and 4xE, E being the diameter of the pipe; - a width f at the peripheral end of the branch between 1xc and 10xc and preferably between 1.2xc and 6xc, c being the width of the respective second window; and - a height substantially equal to or greater than the height d of the respective second window. According to one or more embodiments, each second jet breaker has: - a width h between 1xf and 2xf and preferably between 1xf and 1.5xf; - a height g substantially greater than or equal to the height d of the second window 8, the distance i between a second jet breaker and a corresponding radial branch being between 0.05xh and 0.9xh, and preferably between 0.1xh and 0.6xh. According to one or more embodiments, the diameter E of the pipe is between 0.1 and 8 m, preferably between 0.2 m and 6 m and preferably between 0.4 m and 3 m. According to one or more embodiments, the first windows are of width a and height b, the second windows are of width c and height d, the values ​​a, bc and d meeting at least one of the following characteristics: - the height ratio b / a and / or width d / c is between 0.2 and 12, preferably between 1 and 10 and preferably between 2 and 8; - the ratio of the surfaces of the first windows to the second windows is between 0.2 and 5, preferably between 0.3 and 3 and more preferably between 0.5 and 2; and - the ratio of the total surface of the first windows and the second windows to the section of the pipe is between 0.5 and 4 and more preferably between 1 and 3. According to one or more embodiments, the device comprises between 2 and 24, preferably between 3 and 12 and preferably between 3 and 8 first windows, and between 2 and 24, preferably between 3 and 12 and preferably between 3 and 8 second windows. According to a second aspect, the aforementioned objects, as well as other advantages, are obtained by a reaction chamber comprising a distribution device according to the first aspect (as described above), ie, a distribution device comprising: - a pipe (eg vertical) for transporting the light fluid phase comprising a lower end and an upper end; - first windows and second windows pierced in a wall of the pipe near the upper end of the pipe; and - a distributor, in which the distributor comprises: - radial branches connected to each second window towards a peripheral branch end, along a branch axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of the upper end of the pipe, the lower face of the radial branches being open; - a first jet breaker arranged on the upper end of the pipe, the first jet breaker extending around the upper end of the pipe; and - a second jet breaker arranged near the peripheral end of the branch and facing the peripheral end of the branch. According to one or more embodiments, the reaction chamber has a diameter D of between 0.5 m and 50 m, preferably between 1 m and 30 m and preferably between 2 m and 20 m, the ratio of the diameter E of the pipe to the diameter D of the reaction chamber being between 0.005 and 0.9, preferably between 0.01 and 0.5 and preferably between 0.1 and 0.3, the reaction chamber preferably comprising a single distribution device, the axis of symmetry Z being for example substantially centered along the axis of symmetry of the reaction chamber 5. According to a third aspect, the aforementioned objects, as well as other advantages, are obtained by a catalytic cracking process using the distribution device according to the first aspect (as described above), for example to regenerate a catalyst. According to one or more embodiments, the catalytic cracking method comprises two regeneration zones, the distribution device according to the first aspect being used for example to carry out the passage of a gas-catalyst mixture from a first regeneration zone to a second regeneration zone. According to one or more embodiments, the regeneration zone reaction conditions are as follows: - temperature: between 600°C and 815°C; - pressure: between 0.1 MPag and 0.3 MPag; - gas surface velocity: between 0.5 m / s and 1.5 m / s; - FCC catalyst (silica-alumina matrix with zeolite and additive); - regenerative “charge”: coked catalyst (e.g. coke substantially composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur). According to a fourth aspect, the aforementioned objects, as well as other advantages, are obtained by a biomass treatment method using the distribution device according to the first aspect, for example to carry out the introduction of a gas phase, or of a solid gas suspension into a fluidized medium, for example in a catalytic pyrolysis reactor. According to one or more embodiments, the reaction conditions in the catalytic pyrolysis reactor are as follows: - temperature: between 500°C and 650°C; - pressure: between 0.3 MPag and 0.7 MPag: - gas surface velocity: between 0.3 m / s and 1.5 m / s; - silica-alumina matrix catalyst with additive; - solid load: biomass. According to a fifth aspect, the aforementioned objects, as well as other advantages, are obtained by a hydrotreatment and / or hydroconversion process, for example of heavy petroleum fractions, using the distribution device according to the first aspect, for example to carry out the introduction of hydrogen into a fluidized medium containing solid particles (eg catalyst) and optionally a heavy hydrocarbon phase to be treated. According to one or more embodiments, the reaction conditions of the hydrotreatment and / or hydroconversion process are as follows: - temperature: between 390°C and 460°C; - pressure: between 15 MPag and 20 MPag; - gas surface velocity: between 2 cm / s and 8 cm / s; - liquid surface velocity: between 2 cm / s and 8 cm / s; - H-Oil catalyst"* (eg group VIB metal and group VIIIB metal on alumina); - load: atmospheric residue and / or vacuum residue. The groups of chemical elements are given according to the CAS classification (CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, publisher CRC press, editor-in-chief DR Lide, 81st edition, 2000-2001). For example, group VIIIB according to the CAS classification corresponds to the metals of columns 8, 9 and 10 according to the new IUPAC classification. Embodiments according to the aspects referenced above as well as other characteristics and advantages of the devices and methods according to the aforementioned aspects will appear on reading the following description, given for illustrative and non-limiting purposes only, and with reference to the following drawings. List of figures [Fig. 1] shows a schematic sectional view ZA of the distribution device according to the present invention arranged in a reaction chamber. [Fig.2] shows a schematic profile view (view A) and a schematic xy section view (view B) of the conduit of the distribution device according to the present invention. [Fig.3] shows a schematic xy section view of the distribution device according to the present invention arranged in a reaction chamber. [Fig.4] shows a schematic xy section view (view A) and a schematic ZA section view (view B) of a radial branch and a second jet breaker of the distribution device according to the present invention. [Fig.5] shows a 3D schematic view of a dispensing device according to the present invention. [Fig.6] shows a 3D schematic view of a dispensing device according to the present invention having rounded shapes. [Fig.7] shows xy section views of the time-averaged particle volume fraction at 1 m and 2 m above a dispensing device according to the invention (views "At Im" and "At 2m") and a prior art dispensing device (views "B 1m" and "B 2m"). Description of the embodiments The distribution device according to the invention can be defined as a device for distributing a light fluid phase within a heavy fluid phase (i.e., mixture of fluids with a higher density than that of the light fluid phase) in a reaction chamber containing said heavy fluid phase, for example in the fluidized state. In this description, the term "include" is synonymous with (means the same as) "include" and "contain", and is inclusive or open and does not exclude other unrecited elements. It is understood that the term "include" includes the exclusive and closed term “consist”. The light fluid phase may be a gas, gas-solid, gas-liquid, liquid, liquid-solid, or gas-liquid-solid phase. According to one or more embodiments, the light fluid phase is a multiphase mixture such as a gas-solid or liquid-solid phase. According to one or more embodiments, the light fluid phase is a gas-solid phase. According to one or more embodiments, the heavy fluid phase is a gas-solid emulsion or a three-phase gas-solid-liquid medium, such as for example in processes for hydrotreating petroleum fractions. According to one or more embodiments, the density ratio between the heavy fluid phase and the light fluid phase is between 1.1 and 5000. The distribution device according to the invention is particularly suitable for distributing a light fluid phase in a fluidized bed reactor, such as a two-phase or three-phase bubbling fluidized bed reactor in which a solid catalyst is fluidized by a mixture of reactive fluids comprising a gas and / or a liquid. The distribution device according to the invention is particularly suitable for distributing a gas-solid or gas-liquid phase at high temperature in a fluidized bed reactor. This is for example the case of the staged regeneration of catalyst in the FCC residue conversion process R2R"Y where the catalyst undergoes a first regeneration step / zone in a first fluidized bed reactor, then a second regeneration step / zone in a second fluidized bed reactor, in which the catalyst is distributed by the distribution device of the first regeneration step / zone (egin turbulent fluidized bed) to the second stage / regeneration zone. In the context of a biomass treatment process, the distribution device according to the invention can be used to introduce a gas phase, or a gas-solid suspension into the fluidized medium of a biomass treatment reactor. In the context of a hydrotreatment process, for example of petroleum fractions, the distribution device according to the invention can be used to introduce hydrogen into a fluidized medium containing catalyst particles and a hydrocarbon phase to be treated. In the context of a hydroconversion process, the distribution device according to the invention is particularly well suited when the light fluid phase comprises hydrogen, and when the dense fluid phase comprises a petroleum residue, in particular for implementation in a bubbling bed hydroconversion step using a three-phase fluidized reactor. More generally, the distribution device according to the invention can be used in: - FCC process reactors; - catalyst regeneration reactors, for example FCC regenerators; - hydrotreatment or hydrocracking reactors operating in ascending flow, with for example an inlet of a gas-liquid or gas-solid two-phase flow in the bottom of the reaction vessel; - “slurry” type reactors (i.e., comprising a solid phase dispersed in a liquid); - strippers, dryers, aerators or humidifiers; and - catalytic pyrolysis reactors. More specifically, with reference to [Fig. 1], the distribution device according to the invention comprises a pipe 1, also called an inlet tube, comprising a lower end and an upper end. The pipe | is adapted so that the upper end penetrates into the lower part of a reaction chamber 5 containing a heavy fluid phase 4 (in the fluidized state), the pipe 1 being adapted to transport (with a speed V) a light fluid phase 2 into the fluidized bed 4 of the reaction chamber 5. According to one or more embodiments, the reaction chamber 5 is cylindrical, e.g. of circular section with diameter D and / or the pipe 1 is cylindrical, e.g. of circular section with diameter E. According to one or more embodiments, one or more distribution devices are installed in a reaction chamber 5 with a diameter D of between 0.5 m and 50 m, preferably between 1 m and 30 m and more preferably between 2 m and 20 m. According to one or more embodiments, a single distribution device is installed in the reaction chamber 5. According to one or more embodiments, the upper end of the pipe 1 has an axis of symmetry Z substantially centered along the axis of symmetry (i.e., vertical central axis) of the reaction chamber 5. According to one or more embodiments, the distribution device is used to distribute the light fluid phase 2 in the reaction chamber 5 below a gas injector 22 which may have the shape of a ring.The gas injector 22 may also consist of one or more rings, or several branches, and be positioned substantially at the same elevation or partially below the distribution device. According to one or more embodiments, the upper end of the pipe 1 has an axis of symmetry Z offset from the axis of symmetry of the reaction chamber 5, for example to supply the reaction chamber 5 from an external exchanger well known to those skilled in the art, called a "catcooler", which performs external cooling of a fraction of catalyst contained in an FCC regenerator, for example by exchange with water, and which may in particular lead to the production of high-pressure steam. In this description, the terms “substantially” used to define distances or compositions correspond to an approximation of + 10%, preferably preferably +5%, very preferably +2% of said distance or composition. For example, the pipe 1 being substantially centered along the axis of symmetry of the reaction chamber 5, means that the pipe 1 can be arranged with an approximation of +10%, preferably +5%, very preferably +2%, relative to the diameter D of the reaction chamber 5. According to one or more embodiments, the pipe | (e.g. metallic) is vertical. The pipe 1 is preferably vertical if it transports a multiphase light fluid phase 2. According to one or more embodiments, the diameter E of the pipe 1 is between 0.1 m and 8 m, preferably between 0.2 m and 6 m and preferably between 0.4 m and 3 m. According to one or more embodiments, the ratio of the diameter E of the pipe 1 to the diameter D of the reaction chamber 5 is between 0.005 and 0.9, preferably between 0.01 and 0.5 and preferably between 0.1 and 0.3. On the upper part of the pipe 1, i.e., near the upper end of the pipe 1, first windows 7 and second windows 8 are pierced / open (see also [Fig.2]) in the wall of said pipe 1. Advantageously, the first windows 7 are adapted to open directly into the fluidized medium of the reaction chamber 5. According to one or more embodiments, the first windows 7 and / or the second windows 8 are of substantially rectangular shape, and optionally have connection fillets at the corners. With reference to figures 2a and 2b, according to one or more embodiments, the first windows 7 and the second windows 8 are of substantially rectangular shapes, the first windows 7 having a width a and a height b (i.e. a passage section axb), the second windows 8 having a width c and a height d (i.e. a passage section cxd). It is understood that the first windows 7 and / or the second windows 8 may be openings of any shape (e.g. square, triangle, trapezoid, diamond, circle, etc.). According to one or more embodiments, the height ratio b / a and / or width d / c is between 0.2 and 12, preferably between 1 and 10 and more preferably between 2 and 8. According to one or more embodiments, the ratio of the surfaces of the first windows 7 to the second windows 8 is between 0.2 and 5, preferably between 0.3 and 3 and more preferably between 0.5 and 2. According to one or more embodiments, the ratio of the total surface area of ​​the windows (7 and 8) to the section of the pipe 1 is between 0.5 and 4 and more preferably between 1 and 3. According to one or more embodiments, the total surface area of ​​the windows 7 or 8 to the section of the pipe 1 is between 0.1 and 3 and more preferably between 0.3 and 2. It is understood that the heights and widths of the first windows 7 and the second windows 8 are dependent on the total number of windows. According to one or more embodiments, the number of first windows 7 is between 2 and 24, preferably between 3 and 12 and preferably between 3 and 8; the number of second windows 8 is between 2 and 24, preferably between 3 and 12 and preferably between 3 and 8. According to one or more embodiments, the first and second windows 7 and 8 are in even numbers in total and / or of the same number. According to one or more embodiments, the first and second windows 7 and 8 are arranged alternately on the wall of the pipe 1. According to one or more embodiments, the centers of the first and second windows 7 and 8 are separated from the upper end by a distance of between 0.2xE and 4XxE and preferably between 0.5xE and 4xE. According to one or more embodiments, the centers of the first and second windows 7 and 8 are separated (from each other) by a distance o along the axis of symmetry Z and / or offset by an angle © in a plane perpendicular xy to the axis of symmetry Z. According to one or more embodiments, the angle 0 is between 0° and 180° and preferably between 0° and 60°. According to one or more embodiments, the first windows 7 are arranged above the second windows 8 on the axis of symmetry Z.According to one or more embodiments, the distance o on the axis of symmetry Z between the center of the first and second windows 7 and 8 is less than b, preferably less than 0.75xb, very preferably less than 0.5xb, or less than d, preferably less than 0.75xd, very preferably less than 0.5xd. With reference to [Fig.1], a distributor 3 (e.g. metallic) is arranged on the upper part of the pipe 1 to distribute the light fluid phase 2 to different radial positions in the reaction chamber 5. The distributor 3 comprises a first jet breaker 6, arranged on the upper end of the pipe 1, the first jet breaker 6 projecting around the pipe 1. The first jet breaker 6 comprises a main body in the form of a plate substantially perpendicular to the axis of symmetry Z, the ends of the main body preferably being extended downwards (i.e., towards the bottom of the reaction chamber 5) by one or more side walls 19 (vertical walls also called skirts). The main body is preferably cylindrical in shape, e.g. of circular section, for example in the form of a knob (e.g. concave internal face and convex external face). Advantageously, the first jet breaker 6 is adapted to distribute a first portion of light fluid phase 2 (introduced into the central part of the reaction chamber 5 through the first windows 7), by means of the main body and in a complementary manner to the side wall 19. Advantageously, the first jet breaker 6 makes it possible to improve the distribution of the first portion of light fluid phase 2 exiting directly into the central part of the reaction chamber 5 through the first windows 7. According to one or more embodiments, the diameter of the first jet breaker 6 (eg of the main body) is between 1.1xE and 10xE, preferably between 1.5xE and 8xE, very preferably between 2xE and 5xE. According to one or more embodiments, the diameter of the first jet breaker 6 is between 0.05xD and 0.95xD, preferably between 0.2xD and 0.8xD, and more preferably between 0.3xD and 0.7xD. According to one or more embodiments, the ratio of the height of the side wall 19 to the diameter of the first jet breaker 6 is between 0.05 and 1, and preferably between 0.15 and 0.6. According to one or more embodiments, the main body of the first jet breaker 6 is concave in shape on the side of the pipe 1 and / or convex on the side of the reaction chamber 5.According to one or more embodiments, the main body is of elliptical shape whose semi-major axis is between 0.025xD and 0.45xD, preferably between 0.1xD and 0.4xD, and preferably between 0.15xD and 0.35xD, and / or whose semi-minor axis is between 0.02xD and 0.035xD, preferably between 0.05xD and 0.3xD and more preferably between 0.1xD and 0.25xD. According to one or more embodiments, the main body is pierced with orifices 21, in particular to allow the passage and improve the distribution of the first portion of light fluid phase 2 through the first jet breaker 6. The orifices 21 are preferably of circular section. According to one or more embodiments, the orifices 21 have a diameter of between 1 mm and 120 mm, preferably between 20 mm and 80 mm. According to one or more embodiments, the main body comprises a solid central portion 23 (i.e., portion not pierced with orifices), in particular to close (obstruct) the upper end of the pipe | and thus force the distribution of light fluid phase 2 through the first windows 7 and the second windows 8. The solid central portion 23 is preferably of circular section. According to one or more embodiments, the solid central portion 23 has a diameter of between 1xE and 2xE, preferably of between 1xE and 1.25xE. Very preferably, the solid central portion 23 has a diameter substantially identical to the diameter of the pipe |. According to one or more embodiments, the side wall 19 comprises notches 20 arranged on the lower edge of the side wall 19, in particular to allow the passage and improve the distribution of the first portion of light fluid phase 2 around the first jet breaker 6. According to one or more embodiments, the notches 20 are regularly distributed along the entire lower edge of the side wall 19. According to one or more embodiments, the notches 20 are of substantially triangular or rectangular shape. It is understood that the notches 20 may be openings of any shape (e.g. square, semicircle, etc.). According to one or more embodiments, the notches 20 are of substantially triangular or rectangular shape. It is understood that the notches 20 may be openings of any shape (e.g. square, semicircle, etc.). several embodiments, the side wall 19 comprises between 4 and 60 notches 20, and preferably between 10 and 30 notches 20. According to one or more embodiments, the notches 20 cover between 10% and 70%, and preferably between 20% and 50%, of the lower edge of the side wall 19. According to one or more embodiments, the notches 20 are substantially triangular and / or rectangular. According to one or more embodiments, the notches 20 are substantially triangular (e.g. isosceles triangle), the ratio of the base of the notches 20 to the height of the side wall 19 is between 0.01 and 0.95, and preferably between 0.1 and 0.85, the ratio of the height of the notches 20 to the height of the side wall 19 is between 0.01 and 0.95, and preferably between 0.1 and 0.85. The distributor 3 further comprises a plurality of radial branches 9 (also called lateral arms or ducts) connected to (extending) each of the second windows 8 from the duct 1 towards a peripheral branch end 24, along a branch axis A substantially perpendicular to the axis of symmetry Z. Advantageously, the radial branches 9 are adapted to open into the reaction chamber 5 through the peripheral branch ends 24. According to one or more embodiments, the radial branches 9 have an initial section substantially identical to the shape of the second windows 8. According to one or more embodiments, the radial branches 9 are of substantially rectangular section. According to one or more preferred embodiments, the radial branches 9 protrude from the jet breaker 6. Advantageously, the peripheral end of branch 24 is open to distribute a second portion of light fluid phase 2 (introduced into the peripheral part of the reaction chamber 5 through the second windows 8 and the radial branches 9). Advantageously, the lower face of the radial branches 9 is open so that the second portion of light fluid phase 2 is also distributed towards the lower part of the reaction chamber 5, which also avoids any saltation problem. Advantageously, the lateral faces and the upper face of the radial branches 9 are closed by the lateral walls 10 and the upper wall, respectively. According to one or more embodiments, the lateral wall 19 of the first jet breaker 6 is crossed by the radial branches 9 which project beyond the circumference of said first jet breaker 6. With reference to [Fig. 3], the first windows 7 make it possible to distribute a first portion 14 of light fluid phase 2 in the center of the reaction chamber 5, the first windows 7 opening directly into the reaction chamber. Similarly, the second windows 8 and the radial branches 9 make it possible to distribute a second portion 15 of light fluid phase 2 towards the periphery of the reaction chamber 5, or at least at a greater radial distance from the axis of symmetry Z. According to one or more embodiments, the first and second windows 7 and 8 are adapted so that the first portion 14 exits directly into the reaction chamber 5 through the first windows 7 with a first speed V1, and the second portion 15 exits through the second windows 8 with a first speed V2 to then head towards the radial branches 9. According to one or more embodiments, the passage sections of the first and second windows 7 and 8 are formed in such a way that the first speed V1 and the second speed V2 are between 0.1xV and 10xV, preferably between 0.3xV and 5SxV and preferably between 0.5xV and 2xV, V designating the speed of said light fluid phase in the pipe 1 and being between 0.01 m / s and 100 m / s. Advantageously, the speed of said light fluid phase in the pipe 1 is greater than the minimum fluidization speed of the heavy fluid phase 4. In the schematic xy section view of [Fig.3], the position of the side wall 19 of the first jet breaker 6 is added in dotted lines to show that the peripheral end of branch 24 is preferably more eccentric than the side wall 19. With reference to [Fig.3], [Fig.4] and [Fig.5], the radial branches 9 each comprise two side walls 10, preferably substantially vertical (parallel to the axis of symmetry Z) and an upper wall 11, preferably substantially horizontal (orthogonal to the axis of symmetry Z) together defining an inverted U-shaped channel substantially orthogonal to the axis of symmetry Z. Advantageously, the lower face 18 of the radial branches 9 is open so that a part 17 of the second portion 15 of light fluid phase 2 is distributed towards the lower part of the reaction chamber 5, which also avoids any saltation problem. Preferably, the side walls 10 and upper walls 11 of the radial branch 9 are solid plates. In the present description, the terms "substantially" used to define angles correspond to an approximation of + 20°, preferably + 10°, very preferably + 5° of said angle. For example, a substantially vertical side wall 10 means that the side wall 10 is vertical with an approximation of + 20°, preferably + 10°, very preferably + 5°, relative to the vertical. According to one or more embodiments, the radial branches 9 have a length e of between 1xE and 6xE and preferably between 1xE and 4xE. According to one or more embodiments, the height of the side walls 10 of the radial branches 9 is substantially equal to or greater than the height d of the second window 8. Preferably, the height of the side walls 10 is substantially equal to the height d of the second window 8. According to one or more embodiments, the passage section (width x height) constituted by the radial branch 9 is constant or variable. According to one or more embodiments, the passage section of the radial branch 9 increases, by example linearly, continuously or discontinuously, from the pipe 1. Preferably, the passage section of the radial branch 9 increases linearly from the second window 8 to the peripheral end of the branch 24. Very preferably, the width of the passage section of the radial branch 9 increases linearly from the second window 8 to the peripheral end of the branch 24, and the height of the passage section of the radial branch 9 is preferably substantially constant from the second window 8 to the peripheral end of the branch 24. According to one or more embodiments, in a plane perpendicular xy to the axis of symmetry Z, the radial branches 9 are of width c at the level of the second window 8 of the pipe 1 and of width f at the peripheral end of the branch 24, f preferably being greater than c. According to one or more embodiments, the width f at the peripheral end of branch 24 is between 1xc and 10xc and preferably between 1.2xc and 6xc. According to one or more embodiments, the width of the radial branches 9 (on a plane perpendicular xy to the axis of symmetry Z) increases from the pipe 1 in the branch axis A according to two angles α over the distance e. For example, the width of the branches 6 can vary from 1xc to c+2xextan(a). According to one or more embodiments, the angle α is between 0° and 60°, preferably between 0° and 30° and more preferably between 0° and 20°. According to the invention, the distributor 3 further comprises a second jet breaker 12 arranged close to and facing a peripheral end of branch 24. Advantageously, the second jet breaker 12 makes it possible to reduce the radial flow of the light fluid phase 2 close to the wall of the reaction chamber 5 by preventing high fluid velocities directed towards said wall which, in particular in the event of solid presence, could lead to undesirable excessive erosion of the wall of the reaction chamber 5. In addition, the second jet breaker 12 ensures better distribution of the mixture in a fluidized bed. With reference to [Fig. 3], the second jet breaker 12 is substantially centered on the branch axis A and is substantially perpendicular to the branch axis A. The second jet breaker 12 is for example arranged between the peripheral branch end 24 and the peripheral wall of the reaction chamber 5. According to one or more embodiments, the second jet breaker 12 is substantially vertical (parallel to the axis of symmetry Z). Advantageously, the second jet breaker 12 is adapted so that (the second portion 15 of) the light fluid phase 2 distributed towards (the peripheral part of) the reaction chamber 5, is constrained to have a movement component substantially perpendicular to the branch axis A. The second jet breaker 12 can be fixed to at least one of the side walls 10 and the upper wall 11, for example by means of at least one attachment element such as a metal bar or a connection welded. Preferably, the second jet breaker 12 is adapted so that the second portion 15 of light fluid phase 2 is constrained to have a so-called “tangential” movement component 16, that is to say a movement component substantially perpendicular to both the branch axis A and the axis of symmetry Z. To do this, the upper side of the second jet breaker 12 can be connected to the upper wall 11 of the radial branch 9 by an extension plate 13. Advantageously, the extension plate 13 makes it possible to extend the second jet breaker 12 to the upper wall 11 of the radial branch 9 to close the upper passage section between the second jet breaker 12 and the upper wall 11. Preferably, the extension plate is substantially parallel to the branch axis, eg in a plane perpendicular xy to the axis of symmetry Z.The extension plate 13 of the second jet breaker 12 makes it possible in particular to prevent the second portion 15 of light fluid phase 2 from having an upward movement component at the peripheral end of branch 24. Preferably, the second jet breaker 12 is a solid plate or a plate provided with orifices. Preferably, the extension plate 13 is a solid plate. Preferably, the opening of the lower face 18 of the radial branches 9 is extended to the second jet breaker 12 so that the second portion of light fluid phase 2 is also distributed by the second jet breaker 12 to the lower part of the reaction chamber 5, which also avoids any saltation problem. Although it is preferable that the lower side of the second jet breaker 12 is not connected to the radial branch 9 by an extension plate (solid plate), it is understood that the lower side of the second jet breaker 12 can be fixed to at least one of the side walls 10 of the branch by one or more fastening elements. According to one or more embodiments, in a plane perpendicular xy to the axis of symmetry Z, the second jet breaker 12 has a width h substantially greater than or equal to the width f at the peripheral end of the branch 24. According to one or more embodiments, the second jet breaker 12 has a width h greater than the width f. According to one or more embodiments, the width h is between 1xf and 2xf and preferably between 1xf and 1.5xf, for example between 1.05xf and 1.4xf. According to one or more embodiments, the second jet breaker 12 has a width h greater than the width c. According to one or more embodiments, the width h is between 1xc and 6xc and preferably between 1.5xc and 4.5xc. According to one or more embodiments, in a plane ZA (comprising the axis of symmetry Z and the branch axis A), the second jet breaker 12 has a height g substantially greater than or equal to the height d of the second window 8. According to one or more embodiments, the height g is between 0.5xd and 1.5xd and preferred way between 0.6xd and 1.2xd. According to one or more embodiments, the distance i between the second jet breaker 12 and the peripheral end of the branch 24 is between 0.05xh and 0.9xh, preferably between 0.1xh and 0.6xh. With reference to [Fig 4], the distance i corresponds to the width of the lateral passage section 25 arranged between a side wall 10 of the radial branch 9 and the second jet breaker 12. According to one or more embodiments, the distance i is chosen such that the outlet speed V3 of the second portion 15 of light fluid phase 2 through the lateral passage section 25 is between 0.05xV and 2xV, preferably between 0.1xV and 1xV and preferably between 0.2xV and 0.5xV. According to one or more embodiments, the ratio of the surface area of ​​the lateral passage section 25 to the surface area of ​​the peripheral branch end 24 is between 0.25 and 10, preferably between 0.5 and 5 and very preferably between 1 and 2.5. With reference to [Fig. 6], according to one or more embodiments, the second jet breaker 12 and / or the extension plate 13 and / or the side walls 10 and / or the upper wall 11 are of rounded / curved shape, such as portions of a cylinder, ellipsoid or truncated cone, allowing in particular improved mechanical strength / resistance. According to one or more embodiments, one or more of the joining edges between the second jet breaker 12, the extension plate, the upper wall 11 and / or the side walls 10 are rounded so that the lateral passage section 25 arranged between the radial branch 9 and the second jet breaker 12 is rounded. For example, the peripheral end of the branch 24 and / or the lateral passage section 25 may have connecting fillets at the corners. According to one or more embodiments, the second jet breaker 12 is curved in shape on a plane perpendicular xy to the axis of symmetry Z, egconcave-shaped face on the side of the peripheral end of branch 24. According to one or more embodiments, the radius of curvature of the second jet breaker 12 on the plane perpendicular xy to the axis of symmetry Z is greater than or equal to 0.5xf. According to one or more embodiments, the extension plate 13 has a curved shape on the plane ZA, eg concave-shaped face on the side of the peripheral end of branch 24. According to one or more embodiments, the internal faces of the side walls 10 and / or of the upper wall 11 are concave. According to one or more embodiments, the distribution device has: - a pipe 1 with a diameter E of between 0.1 m and & m, preferably between 0.2 m and 6 m and preferably between 0.4 m and 3 m; - between 2 and 24, preferably between 3 and 12 and preferably between 3 and 8 first windows 7 of width a and height b; - between 2 and 24, preferably between 3 and 12 and more preferably between 3 and 8 second windows 8 of width c and height d, the ratio of height b / a and / or width d / c being between 0.2 and 12, preferably between 1 and 10 and more preferably between 2 and 8, the ratio of the surfaces of the first windows 7 to the second windows 8 being between 0.2 and 5, preferably between 0.3 and 3 and more preferably between 0.5 and 2, the total surface of the windows 7 and 8 on the surface of the pipe 1 being between 0.5 and 4 and more preferably between 1 and 3; - a first jet breaker 6 with a diameter between 1.1xE and 10xE, preferably between 1.5xE and 8xE and more preferably between 2xE and 5xE; - radial branches 9 of length e between 1XE and 6xE and preferably between 1XE and 4xE, and of width f at the peripheral end of branch 24 between 1xc and 10xc and preferably between 1.2xc and 6xc and of height substantially equal to or greater than the height d of the second window 8; - second jet breakers 12 of width h between 1xf and 2xf and preferably between 1xf and 1.5xf and of height g substantially greater than or equal to the height d of the second window 8, the distance i between a second jet breaker 12 and a corresponding radial branch 9 being between 0.05xh and 0.9xh, and preferably between 0.1xh and 0.6xh: and - optionally an extension plate 13 connecting the upper side of the second jet breaker 12 to the upper wall 11 of the radial branch 9, -the distributor 3 preferably being arranged in a reaction chamber 5 (e.g. FCC regenerator) with a diameter D of between 0.5 m and 50 m, preferably between 1 m and 30 m and preferably between 2 m and 20 m, the reaction chamber 5 comprising for example a single distribution device. Examples To illustrate the improvements made by the distribution device according to the invention, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations on: - a dispensing device according to the invention (see in particular figures 3, 4 and 5), called example A; and - a distribution device according to patent FR3065886, called counterexample B. The CFD model consists of an Euler / Euler model with the use of the Population Balance Model (PBM) to account for the distribution of solid particles. The solid phase is represented as a continuum using the well-known Kinetic Granular Flow Theory (KGTF) model. The software used is Ansys Fluent (version 2021R2). For example A and counterexample B, we consider a 10m diameter FCC regenerator comprising a fluidized bed with a catalyst circulation of 74 rpm. [Fig.7] shows cross-sectional views of the time-averaged particle volume fraction for the simulations of Example A and Counterexample B, in which: - the “At 1m” section represents a sectional view at 1 m above the distribution device according to the invention: - the “At 2m” section represents a sectional view at 2 m above the distribution device according to the invention: - section “B 1m” represents a sectional view at | m above the dispensing device of the prior art; and - section “B 2m” represents a sectional view 2 m above the prior art distribution device. In the cross-sections of [Fig.7], the grayscale gradient from light to dark corresponds to an increase in the gas volume fraction in reaction vessel 5. Thus, [Fig.7] shows that the gas volume fractions on the periphery, near the walls (darker parts), are much higher for counter-example B (see darker parts along the walls in sections "B 1m" and "B 2m" compared to sections "À 1m" and "À 2m"). The areas with a high gas volume fraction are also those where the suspension velocities are the highest. Given the high concentration of solids in reaction vessel 5 of counter-example B, the high velocities considerably damage the walls. Furthermore, the phase mixing in the “At 1m” and “At 2m” sections is improved compared to that in the “At Im” and “At 2m” sections because the standard deviation of the gray level of the “At 1m” and “At 2m” sections is narrower. Advantageously, the second jet breaker 12 according to the invention (see sections “At Im” and “At 2m”) makes it possible to break the high speeds and to redirect the light fluid phase 2 more homogeneously and less towards the wall of the reaction enclosure 5. In addition to this major improvement, the better distribution of fluids throughout the reaction chamber 5 implies better reaction efficiency and less risk of post-combustion.

Claims

Claims

1. Device for distributing a light fluid phase (2) within a heavy fluid phase (4) in a reaction chamber (5), comprising: - a pipe (1) for transporting the light fluid phase (2) comprising a lower end and an upper end; - first windows (7) and second windows (8) pierced in a wall of the pipe (1) near the upper end of the pipe (1); and - a distributor (3), wherein the distributor (3) comprises: - radial branches (9) connected to each second window (8) towards a peripheral branch end (24), along a branch axis (A) substantially perpendicular to the axis of symmetry (Z) of the upper end of the pipe (1), the lower face (18) of the radial branches (9) being open; - a first jet breaker (6) arranged on the upper end of the pipe (1), the first jet breaker (6) projecting around the upper end of the pipe (1); and - a second jet breaker (12) arranged near the peripheral end of the branch (24) and facing the peripheral end of the branch (24), in which each radial branch (9) has: - a length e between IxE and 6xE and preferably between IxE and 4xE, E being the diameter of the pipe (1); - a width f at the peripheral end of branch (24) between Ixc and lOxc and preferably between l.2xc and 6xc, c being the width of the respective second window (8); and - a height substantially equal to or greater than the height d of the respective second window (8), in which each second jet breaker (12) has: - a width h between Ixf and 2xf and preferably between Ixf and l.5xf; - a height g substantially greater than or equal to the height d of the second window 8, the distance i between a second jet breaker (12) and a corresponding radial branch (9) being between 0.05xh and 0.9xh, and preferably between 0.1 xh and 0.6xh.

2. Device according to claim 1, in which the second jet breaker (12) is a solid plate or a plate provided with orifices, substantially perpendicular to the branch axis (A).

3. A device according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein each radial branch (9) comprises side walls (10) and a top wall (11), the second jet breaker (12) being attached to at least one of the side walls (10) and the top wall (11) by means of at least one fastening element.

4. A device according to any preceding claim, wherein the second jet breaker (12) comprises an upper side being connected to the upper wall (11) of the radial branch (9) by an extension plate (13).

5. Device according to claim 4, in which the extension plate (13) is a solid plate substantially parallel to the branch axis (A).

6. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the opening of the lower face (18) of the radial branches (9) is extended to the second jet breaker (12).

7. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the second jet breaker (12) is curved on a generatrix in a plane perpendicular (xy) to the axis of symmetry (Z).

8. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the diameter E of the pipe (1) is between 0.1 m and 8 m, preferably between 0.2 m and 6 m and more preferably between 0.4 m and 3 m.

9. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the first windows (7) are of width a and height b, the second windows (8) are of width c and height d, the values ​​a, bc and d meeting at least one of the following characteristics: - the ratio of height b / a and / or width d / c is between 0.2 and 12, preferably between 1 and 10 and more preferably between 2 and 8; - the ratio of the surfaces of the first windows (7) to the second windows (8) is between 0.2 and 5, preferably between 0.3 and 3 and more preferably between 0.5 and 2; and - the ratio of the total surface area of ​​the first windows (7) and the second windows (8) to the section of the pipe (1) is between 0.5 and 4 and more preferably between 1 and 3.

10. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising between 2 and 24, preferably between 3 and 12 and more preferably between 3 and 8 first windows (7), and between 2 and 24, of preferably between 3 and 12 and preferably between 3 and 8 second windows (8).

11. A reaction chamber comprising a device for distributing a light fluid phase (2) within a heavy fluid phase (4) in the reaction chamber (5), the distribution device comprising: - a pipe (1) for transporting the light fluid phase (2) comprising a lower end and an upper end; - first windows (7) and second windows (8) pierced in a wall of the pipe (1) near the upper end of the pipe; and - a distributor (3), wherein the distributor (3) comprises: - radial branches (9) extending each second window (8) towards a peripheral branch end (24), along a branch axis (A) substantially perpendicular to the axis of symmetry (Z) of the upper end of the pipe (1), the lower face (18) of the radial branches (9) being open; - a first jet breaker (6) arranged on the upper end of the pipe (1), the first jet breaker (6) projecting around the upper end of the pipe (1); and - a second jet breaker (12) arranged near the peripheral end of the branch (24) and facing the peripheral end of the branch (24), in which each radial branch (9) has: - a length e between IxE and 6xE and preferably between IxE and 4xE, E being the diameter of the pipe (1); - a width f at the peripheral end of branch (24) between Ixc and lOxc and preferably between l.2xc and 6xc, c being the width of the respective second window (8); and - a height substantially equal to or greater than the height d of the respective second window (8), in which each second jet breaker (12) has: - a width h between Ixf and 2xf and preferably between Ixf and l.5xf; - a height g substantially greater than or equal to the height d of the second window 8, the distance i between a second jet breaker (12) and a corresponding radial branch (9) being between 0.05xh and 0.9xh, and preferably between 0.1 xh and 0.6xh.

12. Reaction enclosure according to claim 11, having a diameter D of between 0.5 m and 50 m, preferably between 1 m and 30 m and preferably between 2 m and 20 m, the ratio of the diameter E of the pipe (1) to the diameter D of the reaction enclosure (5) being between 0.005 and 0.9, preferably between 0.01 and 0.5 and preferably between 0.1 and 0.

3.

13. Process for catalytic cracking, biomass treatment, hydrotreatment or hydroconversion using a device for distributing a light fluid phase (2) within a heavy fluid phase (4) in a reaction chamber (5), the distribution device comprising: - a pipe (1) for transporting the light fluid phase (2) comprising a lower end and an upper end; - first windows (7) and second windows (8) pierced in a wall of the pipe (1) near the upper end of the pipe; and - a distributor (3), wherein the distributor (3) comprises: - radial branches (9) extending each second window (8) towards a peripheral branch end (24), along a branch axis (A) substantially perpendicular to the axis of symmetry (Z) of the upper end of the pipe (1), the lower face (18) of the radial branches (9) being open; - a first jet breaker (6) arranged on the upper end of the pipe (1), the first jet breaker (6) projecting around the upper end of the pipe (1); and - a second jet breaker (12) arranged near the peripheral end of the branch (24) and facing the peripheral end of the branch (24), in which each radial branch (9) has: - a length e between IxE and 6xE and preferably between IxE and 4xE, E being the diameter of the pipe (1); - a width f at the peripheral end of branch (24) between Ixc and lOxc and preferably between l.2xc and 6xc, c being the width of the respective second window (8); and - a height substantially equal to or greater than the height d of the respective second window (8), in which each second jet breaker (12) has: - a width h between Ixf and 2xf and preferably between Ixf and l.5xf; - a height g substantially greater than or equal to the height d of the second window 8, the distance i between a second jet breaker (12) and a corresponding radial branch (9) being between 0.05xh and 0.9xh, and preferably between 0.1 xh and 0.6xh.

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