A SMART SHOTGUN CAP

Abstract

A SMART FIRE PLUG A smart fire plug (1, 1A, 1B) is coupled to a weapon (50), designed to fire projectiles, via one end of the weapon's barrel (52). The plug has a body (2) in the form of a hollow tube extending longitudinally along a longitudinal axis (XX') coaxial with a firing axis (TT') of the barrel. The body (2) includes a midsection, a rear section, and a front section, and defines a fire plug chamber (2A) at the midsection, with the rear and front sections closing the body (2). The rear area includes a removable rear portion (3) in the form of a tube section provided with a locking element (4) on the end of the barrel (52) of the weapon (50), so that an exit port (54) of the weapon (50) is positioned inside the firing plug chamber (2A), and closing said firing plug at the rear of the exit port (54) of the weapon (50) in a substantially airtight manner.The middle zone comprises a pressure control unit (6) having an inlet port (6A) open to the firing plug chamber (2A), an outlet port (6B) open to the outside of the intelligent firing plug (1), and a means for regulating gas pressure in the firing plug chamber (2A), an air pressure sensor (12) measuring air pressure in the firing plug chamber (2A), and a processing module (20) coupled to the air pressure sensor (12). The front zone comprises a removable front portion (5) in the form of a tube segment closing the firing plug chamber (2A). Figure for the abbreviation: Figure FIG. 1.

Description

Title of the invention: A SMART SHOTGUN CAP technical field

[0001] The invention relates to an intelligent firing port, its use in an intelligent weapon system, and a method of operating a weapon designed to fire projectiles. The invention is particularly applicable in the context of training or field operations by security and defense personnel such as gendarmes, police officers, military personnel, or security agents. Previous technique

[0002] As an example for training security and defense personnel, it is common practice to equip weapons with a blank-firing plug in combination with the use of blank cartridges. The blank-firing plug has several functions. Firstly, the blank-firing plug has a safety function. It blocks the debris generated by firing a blank cartridge, which could injure the weapon user and bystanders. In extreme cases, it can even block or reduce the effect of a live round if it were fired accidentally. Secondly, the blank-firing plug has an automatic reloading function.Indeed, when firing a blank cartridge, there is no bullet attached to the blank, and the gases generated by the blank's percussion escape forward through the barrel of the firearm without a bullet obstructing the barrel. Therefore, the pressure generated rearward toward the breech is insufficient to recoil the breech and automatically re-cock the firearm. Several drawbacks result from the use of such a blank-firing plug, particularly the significant volume of powder residue that forms in the barrel. In fact, only a small amount of gas can escape (compared to firing live ammunition without a blank-firing plug), leading to rapid fouling of the barrel that can damage the firearm or even injure the user.

[0003] Furthermore, there is a need for a solution allowing the use of a weapon in training with blank cartridges but also in the field with live bullets allowing information on the use of the weapon to be sent back to the user himself, and / or to the trainer, and / or to the command. Summary of the invention

[0004] An object of the invention is to provide an intelligent firing plug that overcomes one or more of the drawbacks or limitations of existing firing plugs. In particular, the invention provides an intelligent firing plug that allows the use of a firearm in training with blank cartridges, such as BBs. "Airsoft" but also on the field with real bullets while allowing information on the use of the weapon to be sent either to the user himself, or to the trainer, or to the command.

[0005] According to one aspect, an intelligent firing plug is proposed, coupled to a weapon intended to fire projectiles, via one end of the weapon's barrel, said firing plug comprising a body in the form of a hollow tube extending longitudinally along a longitudinal axis coaxial with a firing axis of said barrel, said body including a middle zone, a rear zone and a front zone, and defining a firing plug chamber at the level of the middle zone, the rear zone and the front zone closing the body, said firing plug being such that: • the rear area includes a removable rear part in the form of a portion of a tube fitted with a locking element on the end of the weapon's barrel, so that a muzzle of the weapon is positioned inside the firing plug chamber, and closing said firing plug at the rear of the weapon's muzzle in a substantially airtight manner; • The median zone includes: - a pressure control unit comprising an inlet orifice open to the firing plug chamber, an outlet orifice open to the outside of the intelligent firing plug and a means for regulating a gas pressure in the firing plug chamber; - an air pressure sensor measuring air pressure in the firing plug chamber; and - a processing module coupled to the air pressure sensor; • The front area includes a removable front part in the shape of a section of tube closing the firing plug chamber.

[0006] The middle zone may include an internal temperature sensor coupled to the processing module to measure a temperature in the shot plug chamber and / or an external temperature sensor coupled to the processing module to measure a temperature outside the shot plug chamber.

[0007] The processing module can be arranged to adjust the amount of air evacuated by operating the pressure control box to control its opening according to the pressure measured by the air pressure sensor and / or the temperature measured by the internal temperature sensor and / or by the external temperature sensor.

[0008] The means for regulating the pressure in the firing plug chamber can be selected from the group of regulating means comprising a controlled-opening valve, flaps for closing one of the orifices with a fixed opening position, or flaps for closing one of the orifices with a manually adjustable opening position, or flaps for closing one of the orifices with a position is modifiable by motor.

[0009] The pressure control housing can be positioned in a housing provided in the lower circumferential mid-position of the body, so as to extend into the interior of the firing plug chamber and be flush with an external surface of the body tube.

[0010] The median zone may include one, respectively two, transmitting detection sensor(s) and one, respectively two, receiving detection sensor(s) coupled to the processing module positioned in the median zone at the level of a restriction in the firing plug chamber, said sensors being oriented towards the interior of the firing plug chamber, each opposite the firing axis so as to detect each projectile, respectively measure a velocity of each projectile.

[0011] The front zone can close the firing plug chamber in a substantially airtight manner, and can successively comprise an anti-projection blade giving access to the firing plug chamber, a first mechanical energy absorber and an impact sensor positioned between said blade and said absorber, the impact sensor being coupled to the processing module so as to detect each impact on the anti-projection blade.

[0012] The removable front part may include a second mechanical energy absorber and a safety sensor coupled to the processing module so as to detect a firing error.

[0013] The front area can partially close the firing plug chamber, the removable front part can have a projectile exit orifice substantially centered so as to allow projectiles from the muzzle of the weapon to pass through the removable front part completely outwards.

[0014] The removable front part may include a noise reducer comprising at least one decompression chamber.

[0015] The smart firing plug may include a tracking module comprising means for locating said firing plug coupled to the weapon selected from the group of locating means including an infrared emitter for locating said firing plug when used in association with a virtual reality headset, or a geolocation module for locating said firing plug when used in association with combat goggles.

[0016] The smart shooting plug may include a communication module selected from the group of communication means comprising a wireless connection module for transmitting data between said shooting plug and a virtual reality headset or combat glasses, or a medium or long range radio frequency transmission module for transmitting data between said shooting plug and a training system or a command system.

[0017] According to another aspect, an intelligent weapon system is proposed comprising: a weapon designed to fire projectiles; an intelligent firing cap according to the invention coupled to one end of the weapon's barrel; and a training system or a command system coupled to the said intelligent firing cap.

[0018] According to yet another aspect, a method of operating a weapon, intended to fire projectiles, coupled to an intelligent firing plug according to the invention by means of one end of the weapon's barrel, said method comprising: • measure the air pressure in said firing plug at the exit of the barrel; • compare said measured air pressure to a threshold air pressure value defined according to parameters specific to a normal operating pressure or pressure range specific to the weapon; and • regulate the gas pressure in said firing cap: - by reducing said gas pressure by releasing a defined quantity of gas from said firing port, either to maintain normal operation of the weapon if the measured air pressure exceeds said threshold pressure value, or to prevent automatic reloading of the weapon; or - by increasing said gas pressure by allowing a small amount of gas to escape from said firing plug either to maintain normal operation of the weapon if the pressure measured by the air pressure sensor is below said threshold pressure value, or to force an automatic re-cocking of the weapon.

[0019] The method of operating the weapon may further include sending an alert when the gas pressure in said firing plug cannot be regulated to the operating pressure or within the normal operating pressure range specific to the weapon.

[0020] The method of operating the weapon may further include: • measure an internal temperature of said firing plug and / or an external temperature of said firing plug; • correct the threshold air pressure value defined according to a parameterization corrected for the effects of internal and / or external temperature specific to the pressure or normal operating pressure range specific to the weapon.

[0021] The method of operating the weapon may further include: • measure the speed of projectiles passing through said firing plug; • send an alert when said speed is less than a threshold speed defined according to a parameter specific to a speed or range of normal operating firing speed specific to the weapon.

[0022] The invention is particularly applicable for training or field use of a weapon designed to fire projectiles (blank cartridges and BBs for training, and live ammunition for the field) while allowing processing of information relating to the use of the weapon and its operation.

[0023] Other advantages will become apparent from the following description of the invention. Brief description of the drawings

[0024] The present invention is illustrated by examples and not limited to the accompanying drawings, in which similar references indicate similar elements: Figure [Fig.1] is a schematic, side perspective view illustrating a soldier using a weapon equipped with a smart firing plug according to any one of the embodiments; Figure [Fig.2] is a schematic, three-quarter front perspective view showing a soldier using a weapon fitted with a smart firing plug according to a first embodiment for training and instruction; Figure [Fig.3] is a schematic, three-quarter front perspective view showing a soldier using a weapon fitted with an intelligent firing plug according to a second embodiment for field use; Figures [Fig.4], [Fig.5] and [Fig.6] are schematic partial cross-sectional views, respectively in rear-facing side perspective, front-facing side perspective and side view of an intelligent firing plug according to a first embodiment coupled to a weapon of which only the muzzle end of the weapon is visible; Figures [Fig.7], [Fig.8] and [Fig.9] are schematic partial cross-sectional views, respectively in rear-facing side perspective, front-facing side perspective and side view of an intelligent firing plug according to a second embodiment coupled to a weapon of which only the muzzle end of the weapon is visible; Figure [Fig. 10] schematically shows an intelligent weapon system and its operation; and Figure [Fig. 11] schematically shows an example of the use of an intelligent weapon system in a theater of operations. Detailed description

[0025] The invention will be understood from the following description, in which reference is made to the accompanying drawings. In the following, the term "soldier" covers any type of security and defense actor such as gendarmes, police officers, military personnel, or security agents.

[0026] Figure [Fig. 1] is a schematic, side-perspective view showing a soldier 60 using a weapon 50 equipped with a smart firing plug 1 according to any one of the embodiments that will be detailed later. Figure [Fig. 2] is a Figure [Fig. 3] is a schematic, three-quarter front perspective view showing a soldier 60 using a weapon 50 equipped with an AI intelligent firing plug according to a first embodiment for training. Figure 3 is a schematic, three-quarter front perspective view showing a soldier 60 using a weapon 50 equipped with an IB intelligent firing plug according to a second embodiment for field use. The weapon 50 comprises, as is known, a receiver, a barrel, and various elements of the weapon mechanism 51, a magazine 53 containing blank cartridges or plastic balls (for training) or live ammunition (for field use), and a barrel end 52 that can be fitted with a flash hider at the muzzle 54 (visible in Figures [Fig. 4] to [Fig. 9]). The intelligent firing plug 1, IA, IB according to the invention is coupled to the weapon 50 via the end of the barrel 52.Soldier 60 can be dressed in military uniform 61. Soldier 60 can wear a VR headset 63. In addition, optionally, the soldier can also wear a protective mask 62 against CBRN (Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear) risks and threats. When Soldier 60 is equipped with such a mask and headset, this combination forms a CBRN-AR augmented reality virtual reality mask. Augmented reality (also called immersive multimedia or computer-simulated reality) is a computer technology that reproduces an environment, real or imagined, and simulates the presence and physical surroundings of a user to allow interaction by the person, in this example the soldier, during a training session, for example, via a virtual reality scenario.Virtual reality artificially creates a sensory experience, which can include sight, touch, hearing, smell, and heat perception. The purpose of virtual reality is to allow a person (or several people) to engage in sensorimotor and cognitive activity within a digitally created, artificial world, which can be "imaginary, symbolic, or a simulation of certain aspects of the real world" to provide immersion. Furthermore, the soldier can also wear connected combat goggles (including an integrated head-up display). First method of implementation:

[0027] Figures [Fig. 4], [Fig. 5], and [Fig. 6] are schematic partial cross-sectional views, respectively rear-facing side perspective, front-facing side perspective, and side view, of a smart firing plug 1, AI according to the first embodiment coupled to a weapon 50, of which only the end of the barrel 52 on the side of the muzzle 54 of the weapon 50 is visible. The smart firing plug 1, AI according to the first embodiment is used for training exercises.

[0028] The smart firing cap 1 comprises a body 2 including a rear area for the The body 2 is attached to the barrel side, with a central zone housing multiple sensors and processing electronics, and a forward safety zone opposite the barrel. The body 2 can be constructed as a hollow tube extending longitudinally along the longitudinal axis XX', continuous with and coaxial to the axis of the barrel 52 of the weapon 50, and defining a firing port 2A within the body 2. The rear and front zones seal the body 2 in a substantially airtight manner against the outside of the body 2. Median zone:

[0029] The body 2 includes a pressure control unit 6. By way of example, the pressure control unit 6 is positioned in a recess provided in the lower circumferential mid-position of the body 2, so as to extend inside the firing plug chamber 2A and to be flush with the external surface of the body tube 2. The pressure control unit 6 is provided with an inlet port 6A open to the firing plug chamber 2A and an outlet port 6B open to the outside of the intelligent firing plug 1. The pressure control unit 6 allows the pressure in the firing plug chamber 2A to be regulated.This can be achieved either by a controlled-opening valve (not shown) in the pressure control unit 6, or by fixed or manually or motorically adjustable flaps (not shown) to control the opening of the outlet orifice 6B, thereby varying the amount of gas escaping from the outlet orifice 6B in a controlled manner. This allows the pressure in the firing plug chamber 2A to be adapted to the type of weapon to which the intelligent firing plug 1 is attached. This adaptation can be defined according to parameters specific to the pressure or pressure range required for the operation of the weapon in use. On the one hand, this regulation ensures sufficient pressure, particularly when firing a blank cartridge, by guaranteeing that the pressure generated rearward towards the breech of the weapon 50 is sufficient to recoil the breech and automatically re-cock the weapon.On the other hand, this regulation allows for the generation of firing incidents, such as the failure to re-cock weapon 50, by reducing the pressure in the firing plug chamber 2A so that the pressure generated rearward towards the breech of weapon 50 is insufficient to recoil the breech and automatically re-cock the weapon. Finally, when the intelligent firing plug 1 is used with a non-lethal weapon such as one that fires plastic pellets (a weapon known as "airsoft"), the pressure control unit 6 allows the evacuation of the projected pellets.

[0030] The body 2 comprises an electronic board 10 and a battery 11. By way of example, the electronic board 10 and the battery 11 are each positioned in a recess provided in the upper circumferential mid-position of the body 2, so as to extend inside the firing plug chamber 2A and to be flush with the external surface of the tube 2. As an alternative example, the battery 11 can be positioned in a different location. For example, the battery compartment can be located near the electronic board 10. The battery 11 powers the electronic board 10. The battery 11 can be positioned in a compartment with a cover allowing for quick replacement when its charge is no longer sufficient to power the electronic board 10. The battery 11 can be positioned in a compartment equipped with a coupling means (wired connector or inductive antenna) to an electrical charging means (wired or inductive charger). The electronic board 10 includes a processing module, for example, a microcontroller or microprocessor 20, which is connected to and receives measurement signals from several sensors 5B, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16.The electronic board 10 may include a power supply module, an analog-to-digital converter module, and an input / output connection module (not shown). The microprocessor 20 of the electronic board 10 may also be connected to the pressure control unit 6 to control its opening. The microprocessor 20 of the electronic board 10 may also be connected to a monitoring module 17, and / or to a communication module 18. Rear area:

[0031] The intelligent firing plug 1 has, at its rear area for barrel attachment, a removable rear portion 3. The removable rear portion 3 is a section of tube open at both ends to receive the end of the barrel 52 and is equipped with a locking element 4 for both securing the intelligent firing plug 1 to the end of the barrel 52 and closing the intelligent firing plug 1 at the rear of the muzzle 54 of the weapon 50 in a substantially airtight manner. The locking element 4 can be attached directly by crushing or clamping onto the barrel, with the flash hider then located inside the firing plug chamber 2A. Alternatively, the locking element 4 may have a thread to allow the intelligent firing plug 1 to be screwed onto the end of the barrel 52 instead of the flash hider.For example, the locking element 4 may be a disc with a central chimney (the inner face of which may be threaded) that attaches to the barrel and a circumferential collar whose dimensions allow it to fit onto the portion of the tube of the removable rear part 3. The removable rear part 3 is attached to the body 2 by any known means, for example either by a suitable tapping that cooperates with a thread in the body, or by locking a self-locking / spring-loaded ball in a hole in the body, or by a fixing clip. Front area:

[0032] The intelligent firing plug 1 may comprise, in its front area opposite the barrel, successively in line (from the rear to the front of the plug) various elements such as an anti-projection blade 7, an impact sensor 9 (optional), a first mechanical energy absorber 8 and a removable front part 5.

[0033] The anti-projection blade 7 is a round blade fitted to the dimensions of the body 2. This blade may be removable, in which case it is equipped with a pull tab and is extracted through a slot in the body 2. It can thus be changed regularly. Indeed, the anti-projection blade 7 blocks the numerous debris resulting from the generation of gas, flames, and metal shavings by the percussion of the blank cartridge when using the intelligent firing plug 1 with a live blank-firing weapon, after each shot.

[0034] The first mechanical energy absorber 8 is designed to absorb the shocks generated by the impacts of debris produced by the firing of blank cartridges (real firearm) or by BBs (airsoft gun firing plastic BBs) towards the front area. As a result, it reduces vibrations in the weapon and protects the multiple sensors. The first mechanical energy absorber 8 can be made of rubber or foam, for example, a shock-absorbing foam that hardens by absorbing the impact energy.

[0035] Optionally, an impact sensor 9 can be provided and positioned between the anti-projection blade 7 and the first mechanical energy absorber 8. Its function is to detect each impact, either from debris generated by the firing of a blank cartridge (real firearm), or from a BB (airsoft gun firing plastic BBs). The impact sensor 9 can be a piezoelectric sensor. Each impact detected by the impact sensor 9 is associated with a shot. Each shot can thus be counted.

[0036] The removable front portion 5 closes the intelligent firing plug 1, in particular the firing plug chamber 2A, in a substantially airtight manner, at the front of the muzzle 54 of the weapon 50. The removable front portion 5 can be made in the form of a closed tube segment at the front of the intelligent firing plug 1. This closed tube segment can be filled with a second mechanical energy absorber 5A. The second mechanical energy absorber 5A allows for at least partial absorption of the energy of a live round in the event of a firing incident. The aim here is not to stop the round completely but to render it non-lethal as it exits the intelligent firing plug 1. By way of example, the second mechanical energy absorber 5A can be a thermoplastic polymer consisting of aromatic rings separated by amide groups belonging to the aramid fiber family, such as poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPD-T).This PPD-T compound is marketed under the registered trademark Kevlar by DuPont de Nemours. As an alternative, when the smart shooting plug 1 is used with an "airsoft" type weapon firing ammunition... The removable front part 5, made of plastic pellets, can be a simple, lightweight plug without a mechanical energy absorber 5A. The removable front part 5 can be equipped with a safety sensor 5B. For example, the safety sensor 5B can be made of two plates arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal axis XX' and separated from each other by an air gap that closes upon penetration by a pellet. The safety sensor 5B can also be made of an electrical resistor that breaks and whose resistance becomes infinite upon penetration by a pellet. When the safety sensor 5B is activated by the penetration of a live pellet into the second mechanical energy absorber 5A, this allows for the detection of a firing error by using live ammunition instead of blank cartridges.Upon detection, an alert signal is sent to the weapon operator, for example via the electronic card 10 and the virtual reality headset 63. Sensors:

[0037] The smart shooting plug 1 can include multiple sensors, for example the safety sensor 5B, the impact sensor 9, an air pressure sensor 12, an internal temperature sensor 13, a transmitter detection sensor 14, a receiver detection sensor 15 and / or an external temperature sensor 16. These multiple sensors 5B, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 can be present alone or in combination; some are optional depending on the intended use of the smart shooting plug 1. These multiple sensors 5B, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 are connected to the electronic board 10.

[0038] The safety sensor 5B and the impact sensor 9 have already been described above in relation to the sensors present in the front area.

[0039] The air pressure sensor 12, the internal temperature sensor 13, and the transmitter 14 and receiver 15 are positioned in the mid-zone at a restriction created by the housing formed in the upper circumferential mid-position of the body 2, so that the sensors are oriented towards the inside of the firing plug chamber 2A opposite the firing axis TT'. The external temperature sensor 16 is oriented towards the outside of the firing plug. Thus, the measurements taken by these sensors are directly related to the projectiles understood in the broadest sense (i.e., debris such as gas, flames, and metal shavings for a real blank-firing weapon, or plastic pellets for an "airsoft" type weapon) associated with the firing of the weapon 50.

[0040] The air pressure sensor 12 measures the air pressure in the firing plug chamber 2A. The air pressure sensor 12 may be a piezoelectric sensor. The increase in air pressure may result from the gases generated by the percussion of the blank cartridge when using the smart firing plug 1 with a live blank-firing firearm, or from the discharge of compressed air intended to propel the plastic pellet for an airsoft gun (with or without pellet projection). During firing, the pressure measurement allows for validation of the shot. Indeed, when the Air pressure sensor 12 measures an air pressure equal to or greater than a threshold value. The signal received from air pressure sensor 12 by the microprocessor 20 of the electronic board 10 validates a shot. Each time the threshold is exceeded, as detected by air pressure sensor 12, a shot is recorded. Each shot can thus be counted. The pressure measurement also allows for control of gas evacuation. The quantity of gas evacuated by the pressure control unit 6 can be regulated by the pressure measurement in the firing chamber 2A. It is therefore possible either to evacuate the gases slightly (for example less than 20%) to validate a shot and allow automatic re-cocking of the weapon, or to evacuate the gases strongly (for example more than 80%) to generate a firing error or to avoid overheating of the weapon in order to cover a wide range of possible events when using a firearm.

[0041] The transmitting detection sensor 14 and the receiving detection sensor 15 are positioned opposite each other so that the passage of each projectile in the broadest sense (i.e., debris such as gas, flames, and metal shavings for a real blank-firing weapon, or plastic pellets for an airsoft gun) along the firing axis TT' affects the Fonde emitted by the transmitting detection sensor 14 and therefore the Fonde received by the receiving detection sensor 15. Different types of detection sensors can be used, such as an optical sensor for electromagnetic waves in the visible or infrared range, or a laser, or such as an acoustic sensor for sound waves in the ultrasonic range. Thus, it is possible to count the number of shots.

[0042] By doubling the transmitter 14 and receiver 15 detection sensors, it is possible to determine the speed of the ball by a differential measurement.

[0043] The internal temperature sensor 13 measures the temperature of the intelligent firing plug 1, which is directly influenced by the operation of the weapon 50 and, in particular, by the gases present in the firing plug chamber 2A resulting from the use of the weapon 50. The temperature sensor 16 can be implemented as a thermocouple temperature sensor, a thermistor temperature sensor, or a resistance temperature sensor. During repeated firing, the weapon's barrel heats up, and consequently, the metals constituting the weapon's components expand. This can therefore influence the geometry of the barrel and, consequently, the trajectory of the bullet. The variation in temperature and thermal expansion can thus have an impact on accuracy.Measuring the internal temperature at the level of the intelligent firing cap 1 allows for anticipating a change in accuracy when the measured temperature is equal to or greater than an optimum operating threshold temperature.

[0044] Optionally, the external temperature sensor 16 may be provided to allow measurement of the external temperature of the smart firing cap 1. From a On the one hand, extreme external temperatures, whether very hot or very cold, can affect the combustion of gunpowder inside the cartridge. This can alter the bullet's velocity and, consequently, its trajectory. On the other hand, extreme external temperatures, whether very hot or very cold, can also affect air density, which can directly affect the bullet's trajectory. Measuring the external temperature at the Intelligent Firing Cap 1 informs the soldier about potential trajectory changes related to the outside temperature, the stability of the gunpowder over a defined temperature range, and / or ballistic tables for the type of ammunition being used. Tracking Module:

[0045] The tracking module 17 enables the location of the smart firing plug 1 coupled to the weapon 50 when the latter is used in association with a virtual reality headset 63.

[0046] The tracking module 17 may include an infrared emitter emitting infrared radiation which can be captured by an infrared receiver or cameras of the virtual reality headset 63. This allows the virtual reality headset 63 to position the smart firing plug 1 and therefore the associated weapon 50 in the virtual space of the virtual reality scenario.

[0047] The tracking module 17 may also include a motion sensor, for example, a 9-axis inertial measurement unit combining an accelerometer (linear acceleration on 3 axes) and a gyroscope (angular velocity on 3 axes). This makes it possible to detect the movements of the weapon 50 associated with the intelligent firing port 1, and in particular to obtain information relating to the soldier's breathing before firing. This is data relating to the quality of the shot because the breathing-blocking action improves firing accuracy. By combining the data related to the breathing-blocking action and data relating to the use of the weapon via the multiple sensors 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, this allows for a reconstruction of the weapon user's stress level and the tactical situation (sustained activity, moderate activity, inaction) facing the weapon user. Communication module:

[0048] The communication module 18 is used for wireless connection, for example, via WiFi (Wireless Fidelity) and / or Bluetooth (a trademark of the Bluetooth Special Interest Group, SIG). The communication module 18 can enable data communication between the smart shooting cap 1 and the VR headset in the training embodiment. The communication module 18 can also enable data communication between the smart shooting cap 1 and other connected objects or a training system using a virtual reality scenario in the implementation mode for training.

[0049] The transmitted data can be numerous, for example the number of projectiles fired (cartridge, ball, etc...), the pressure, the temperature, the battery charge level. Second method of implementation:

[0050] Figures [Fig. 7], [Fig. 8], and [Fig. 9] are schematic partial cross-sectional views, respectively rear-facing side perspective, front-facing side perspective, and side view, of a smart firing plug 1, IB according to the second embodiment coupled to a weapon 50, of which only the end 52 on the side of the weapon's muzzle 54 is visible. The smart firing plug 1, IB according to the second embodiment is used for field operations.

[0051] The intelligent firing plug 1 according to this second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the front area comprises only a removable front portion 5 that partially closes the intelligent firing plug 1 in front of the muzzle 54 of the weapon 50. The removable front portion 5 may be in the form of a partially closed tube section with a projectile exit orifice 5C substantially centered so as to allow bullets from the muzzle 54 of the weapon 50 to pass completely through the removable front portion 5 to the outside. The removable front portion 5 may include a noise reducer 5D, for example in the form of several decompression chambers allowing the gases to expand in order to reduce the noise of the detonation emitted by the percussion of the cartridge.

[0052] Furthermore, the intelligent firing cap 1 according to this second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the tracking module 17 can also include a geolocation module, for example GPS (from the English "Global Positioning System") and / or a mobile telecommunications module (for example GSM from the English "Global System for Mobile Communications", or GPRS from the English "General Packet Radio Service", etc.).

[0053] Furthermore, according to the second embodiment used for field operations, the use of the air pressure sensor 12 provides additional information. For example, pressure measurement provides data relating to the condition of the weapon, specifically its level of fouling. Indeed, fouling of the weapon is a significant cause of reduced bullet velocity, which can affect the accuracy and range of the firearm. The accumulation of residue, debris, or deposits in the barrel, chamber, and mechanism of the weapon can disrupt the bullet's passage and reduce the pressure of the gases propelling the ammunition. Therefore, regular maintenance and cleaning are essential. Proper maintenance of the firearm is essential to maintain its optimal performance. Based on initial parameters relating to the weapon used and the cartridges used, monitoring the evolution of data relating to the health of the weapon makes it possible to alert the soldier using the weapon equipped with the smart firing plug 1 via the connected combat glasses (via a head-up display).

[0054] Furthermore, according to the second embodiment used for field operations, the use of the transmitter 14 and receiver 15 detection sensors makes it possible to obtain additional information. In a first example, with a single or double pair of transmitter 14 and receiver 15 detection sensors, it is possible to count the number of rounds fired and deduce the rate of fire. This data can be used by the command to objectively determine the contact and engagement zones on an operational terrain (see [Fig. 11]). In a second example, with a double pair of transmitter 14 and receiver 15 detection sensors, it is possible to measure the velocity of the fired rounds. Measuring the velocity of a round fired from a weapon can provide useful information about the weapon itself, as well as about the performance of the ammunition used.Bullet velocity is usually measured in feet per second (FPS) or meters per second (m / s) and is a key factor in evaluating the accuracy, range, and power of a firearm.

[0055] Furthermore, according to the second embodiment used for field operations, the communication module 18 can enable data communication between the intelligent firing plug 1 and connected combat goggles 64 (via a head-up display). The communication module 18 can enable data communication between the intelligent firing plug 1 and a medium- or long-range radio frequency transmission module (for example, a field radio relaying a combat group member's equipment or any other radio frequency communication device present in the field) used to transmit said data to command.

[0056] Furthermore, the intelligent firing plug 1 according to this second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the pressure control unit 6 is used in combination with the pressure measured by the air pressure sensor 12 to correct the pressure in the firing plug chamber 2A, which is directly correlated to an operating pressure of the weapon 50. For example, if the pressure measured by the air pressure sensor 12 is greater than a threshold pressure value for a defined weapon used in combination with the intelligent firing plug 1, then the pressure control unit 6 is operated so as to allow more gas to escape through the opening of the outlet orifice 6B. Conversely, if the pressure measured by the air pressure sensor 12 is less than a threshold pressure value for a defined weapon used in combination with the intelligent firing plug 1, then the control unit Pressure control unit 6 is operated in such a way as to allow less gas to escape through the outlet orifice 6B. Similarly, the pressure control unit 6 is used in conjunction with the internal or external temperature measured by the temperature sensor 16 to correct the pressure in the firing plug chamber 2A, which is directly correlated to the weapon's operating pressure 50 (it is understood that the higher the pressure in the firing plug chamber 2A, the less air is expelled and the greater the heating of the weapon's mechanism components and the intelligent firing plug). The way in which the pressure control unit 6 controls the amount of gas escaping through the outlet orifice 6B has been explained in detail previously.

[0057] Figure [Fig. 10] schematically shows an intelligent weapon system 100 and its operation. The intelligent firing plug 1 coupled to the weapon 50 conforms to the various embodiments presented above.

[0058] The electronic card 10 includes a microprocessor 20 which is connected to and receives measurement signals from various sensors in particular the air pressure sensor 12, the internal temperature sensor 13, the transmitter detection sensors 14 and receiver detection sensors 15, the external temperature sensor 16 (for both embodiments), and the safety sensor 5B and the impact sensor 9 (for the first embodiment intended for training only).

[0059] The microprocessor 20 of the electronic board 10 can also be connected to the pressure control box 6 to adjust the quantity of air evacuated according to the pressure measured by the air pressure sensor 12 and / or the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 16.

[0060] The microprocessor 20 of the electronic card 10 can also be connected to a tracking module 17. The tracking module transmits location information from the smart firing plug 1 either to the virtual reality headset 63 and / or the training system 70 (for the first embodiment intended for training only), or to the connected combat goggles 64 and / or the command system 86 (for the second embodiment intended for field operation).

[0061] The microprocessor 20 of the electronic card 10 can also be connected to a communication module 18. The tracking module transmits the data relating to the different measurements made by the various sensors of the intelligent firing plug 1 either to the virtual reality headset 63 and / or the training system 70 (for the first embodiment intended for training only), or to the connected combat glasses 64 and / or the command system 86 (for the second embodiment intended for field operation).

[0062] Figure [Fig. 11] schematically shows an example of the use of an intelligent weapon system 100 in a theater of operations 80. In this example, an assault on the The scenario is illustrated, in which a group of assault soldiers 81 engages a group of enemy soldiers 82. Assault soldier group 81 comprises several soldiers 60, 60A, 60B, and 60C, each equipped with a weapon 50 and a smart firing plug IB according to the second embodiment. Only a first part of assault soldier group 81A, composed of soldiers 60A, 60B, and 60C, is directly confronted by the enemy group 82 in a clash zone 83. A second part of assault soldier group 81B, composed of the remaining soldiers 60, is not directly in contact with the enemy group 82.

[0063] The intelligent weapon system 100 is used to send information on the use of weapons 50 (use of live ammunition) to command 85 during this assault on the ground.

[0064] The intelligent firing cap IB according to the second embodiment transmits (via the communication module 18) various data relating to the positioning (geolocation via the tracking module 17) and operation of each weapon individually to the command system 86 via a communication relay 84. This data enables real-time tracking of soldiers 60, 60A, 60B, and 60C, and allows for an assessment of the tactical situation on the ground (positions, movements, firing, ammunition stock levels, weapon status). The command 85 receives information gathered by the command system 86 located at the rear base, i.e., at an appropriate distance from the engagement zone 83. The data transmitted by the intelligent firing cap IB to the command system 86 via the communication relay 84 is generally encrypted (encrypted radio network).

[0065] The data transmitted by the intelligent firing cap IB may include the firing frequency / rate of fire. When the measured firing frequency is higher for certain soldiers in the assault group, this allows for a more precise determination of the engagement zone 83, and from this, the probable positioning of the enemy group 82 to be deduced. Thus, the command 85 can decide on a better distribution of the soldiers in the assault group 81, in particular between the first part 81A and the second part 81B of the assault group, and / or the dispatch of reinforcements to the appropriate location.

[0066] The data transmitted by the intelligent firing port IB may include information relating to the status of the weapon 50 (e.g., the number of rounds fired, pressure, temperature, battery level of the intelligent firing port, etc.). This information may be transmitted to each soldier individually (via a display in the combat goggles 64) and / or to command 85. The air pressure 12 and temperature 16 sensors provide important information on the status of each armed. List of references:

[0067] 1, IA, IB intelligent shot stopper 2 bodies 2A firing plug chamber 3. Removable rear section 4 locking elements 5. Removable front section 5A second mechanical energy absorber 5B safety sensor 5C projectile exit port 5D noise reduction 6 pressure control unit 6A inlet port 6B outlet port 7 anti-splash blades 8. First absorber of mechanical energy 9 impact sensor 10 electronic card 11 batteries 12 air pressure sensor 13 internal temperature sensor 14 sensor transmitter detection 15 sensor receiver detection 16 external temperature sensor 17 tracking module 18 communication module 20 microprocessors 50 weapons 51 breechblock, a barrel and various elements of the weapon's mechanism 52 end of the barrel 53 charger 54 outlet 60, 60A, 60B, 60C soldier 61 military uniform 62 protective masks 63 virtual reality headsets 64 connected combat goggles 70 training system 80th theater of operations 81, 81A, 81B assault troop group 82 enemy soldier group 83 attachment zone 84 communication relays 85th Commandment 86 command system 100 intelligent weapon systems XX' longitudinal axis TT' firing axis

Claims

Demands

1. An intelligent firing plug (1, IA, IB) coupling to a weapon (50), intended to fire projectiles, via one end of the barrel (52) of the weapon (50), said firing plug comprising a body (2) in the form of a hollow tube extending longitudinally along a longitudinal axis (XX') coaxial with a firing axis (TT') of said barrel, said body (2) including a middle zone, a rear zone and a front zone, and defining a firing plug chamber (2A) at the level of the middle zone, the rear zone and the front zone closing the body (2), said firing plug is characterized in that: • the rear area includes a removable rear part (3) in the form of a portion of a tube provided with a locking element (4) on the end of the barrel (52) of the weapon (50), so that an exit port (54) of the weapon (50) is positioned inside the firing plug chamber (2A), and closing said firing plug at the rear of the exit port (54) of the weapon (50) in a substantially airtight manner; • The median zone includes: - a pressure control unit (6) comprising an inlet port (6A) open to the firing plug chamber (2A), an outlet port (6B) open to the outside of the intelligent firing plug (1) and a means for regulating a gas pressure in the firing plug chamber (2A); - an air pressure sensor (12) measuring air pressure in the firing plug chamber (2A); and - a processing module (20) coupled to the air pressure sensor (12); • the front area includes a removable front part (5) in the form of a portion of a tube closing the firing plug chamber (2A).

2. The smart shooting cap (1) according to claim 1, wherein the middle zone comprises an internal temperature sensor (13) coupled to the processing module (20) for measuring a temperature in the shot plug chamber (2A) and / or an external temperature sensor (16) coupled to the processing module (20) to measure a temperature outside the shot plug chamber (2A).

3. The intelligent firing cap (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the processing module (20) is arranged to adjust the amount of air evacuated by operating the pressure control box (6) to control its opening as a function of the pressure measured by the air pressure sensor (12) and / or the temperature measured by the internal temperature sensor (13) and / or by the external temperature sensor (16).

4. The intelligent firing plug (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the means for regulating the pressure in the firing plug chamber (2A) is selected from the group of regulating means comprising a controlled opening valve, closing flaps of one of the orifices (6A, 6B) having a fixed opening position, or closing flaps of one of the orifices (6A, 6B) having a manually modifiable opening position, or closing flaps of one of the orifices (6A, 6B) having a motorizedly modifiable position.

5. The intelligent firing cap (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the pressure control housing (6) is positioned in a housing provided in the lower circumferential mid-position of the body (2), so as to extend into the firing cap chamber (2A) and be flush with an external surface of the tube of the body (2).

6. The intelligent firing plug (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the middle zone comprises one, respectively two, transmitting detection sensor(s) (14) and one, respectively two, receiving detection sensor(s) (15) coupled to the processing module (20) positioned in the middle zone at the level of a restriction in the firing plug chamber (2A), said sensors being oriented towards the interior of the firing plug chamber (2A), each opposite the firing axis (TT') so as to detect each projectile, respectively measure a velocity of each projectile.

7. The intelligent firing plug (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the front zone substantially seals the firing plug chamber (2A), and successively comprises an anti-projection blade (7) opening onto the firing plug chamber (2A), a first mechanical energy absorber (8) and an impact sensor (9) positioned between said blade and said absorber, the impact sensor (9) being coupled to the processing module (20) so as to detect each impact on the anti-projection blade (7).

8. The intelligent firing cap (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein the removable front part (5) includes a second mechanical energy absorber (5A) and a safety sensor (5B) coupled to the processing module (20) so as to detect a firing error.

9. The intelligent firing plug (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the front area partially closes the firing plug chamber (2A), the removable front part (5) has a projectile exit orifice (5C) substantially centered so as to allow projectiles from the exit mouth (54) of the weapon (50) to pass through the removable front part (5) completely outwards.

10. The smart shooting cap (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein the removable front part (5) includes a noise reducer (5D) comprising at least one decompression chamber.

11. The smart firing plug (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a tracking module (17) including means for locating said firing plug coupled to the weapon (50) selected from the group of locating means including an infrared emitter for locating said firing plug when used in association with a virtual reality headset (63), or a geolocation module for locating said firing plug when used in association with combat goggles (64).

12. The smart shooting plug (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a communication module (18) selected from the group of communication means comprising a wireless connection module for transmitting data between said shooting plug and a virtual reality headset (63) or combat goggles (64), or a medium or long range radio frequency transmission module (84) for transmitting data between said shooting plug and a training system (70) or a command system (86).

13. An intelligent weapon system (100) comprising: • a weapon (50) designed to fire projectiles; • an intelligent firing plug (1) according to any of the preceding claims coupled to one end of the barrel (52) of the weapon (50); and • a training system (70) or a command system (86) coupled to said intelligent firing plug (1).

14. A method of operating a weapon (50), intended to fire projectiles, coupled to an intelligent firing plug (1, IA, IB) according to any one of claims 1 to 12 via an end of the barrel (52) of the weapon (50), said method is characterized in that it comprises: • measuring an air pressure in said firing plug at the exit of the barrel (52); • comparing said measured air pressure to a threshold air pressure value defined according to a parameterization specific to a pressure or a range of normal operating pressure specific to the weapon (50);and • regulate the gas pressure in said firing plug: - by reducing said gas pressure by releasing a defined quantity of gas from said firing plug, either to maintain normal operation of the weapon (50) if the measured air pressure is greater than said threshold pressure value, or to prevent automatic reloading of the weapon (50); or - by increasing said gas pressure by releasing a defined quantity of gas from said firing plug, either to maintain normal operation of the weapon (50) if the measured pressure is less than said threshold pressure value, or to force automatic reloading of the weapon (50).

15. The method of operating the weapon (50) according to the preceding claim, further comprising sending an alert when the gas pressure in said firing cap cannot be regulated to the pressure of operation or within the normal operating pressure range specific to the weapon (50).

16. The method of operating the weapon (50) according to claim 14 or 15, further comprising: • measuring an internal temperature of said firing plug and / or an external temperature of said firing plug; • correcting the threshold air pressure value defined according to a parameter corrected for the effects of the internal and / or external temperature specific to the pressure or pressure range of normal operating specific to the weapon (50).

17. The method of operating the weapon (50) according to any one of claims 14 to 16, further comprising: • measuring a velocity of projectiles passing through said firing plug; • sending an alert when said velocity is less than a threshold velocity defined according to a parameterization specific to a velocity or range of normal operating firing velocity specific to the weapon (50).

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