System for locking an elongated element to a support comprising at least one ovoid part of revolution and two external rings

Abstract

The present invention relates to a system for locking an elongate element (A) to a support comprising a part of revolution (D) comprising, from a first end (1) to a second end (2), a first portion (3) of strictly increasing diameter and a second portion (4) of strictly decreasing diameter. In addition, the system comprises a first external ring (F) and a second external ring (E) coaxial with the part of revolution (D), the first external ring (F) comprising an internal surface (6) of strictly increasing diameter and radially opposite the first portion (3), the second external ring (E) comprising an internal surface (7) of strictly decreasing diameter and radially opposite the second portion (4). Figure 1 to be published

Description

Title of the invention: System for locking an elongated element to a support comprising at least one ovoid part of revolution and two external rings Technical field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of systems for locking and unlocking a substantially circular elongated element, such as a cable, a rope or a textile covering. The main field of application is the mooring of floating systems. More specifically, the main field of application concerned concerns offshore energy production systems, including the anchoring of wind turbine floats, oil and gas floats, floating photovoltaics, wave energy systems, floating substations, and the generation of energy vectors such as hydrogen or ammonia. The system can also be used in all fields requiring synthetic ropes to be held in position (aquaculture, sailing transport, fishing, lifting systems, boating, etc.)

[0002] The elongate element to be blocked may be a cable or rope composed of an assembly of fibers or strands of fibers. The elongate element may also be an envelope such as a woven or braided sheath.

[0003] Locking and unlocking systems are generally used in the field of nautical activities, or in the field of anchoring or mooring boats or floating platforms, such as oil platforms or floating supports for wind turbines.

[0004] The invention is more particularly intended for the anchoring of offshore oil platforms or for the anchoring of floating wind turbines.

[0005] The main function of the anchor lines of a floating support, such as a wind or oil platform, is to maintain the support in position when the latter is subjected to the forces of wind, current and swell. To achieve this function, there are several families of anchoring (for example, "single point mooring": anchoring at a single point and "spread mooring": multi-point anchoring) and types of anchoring which range from more or less taut anchoring (for example, "taut": taut and "semi-taut mooring": semi-taut anchoring) to catenary anchoring.

[0006] Anchor lines are made of chains, or metal cables, especially steel, or synthetic cables or a combination of chains and cables. The choice of anchor type and material depends on the site (environmental conditions and water depth) and the function of the floating support (oil production, oil drilling, wind turbine, etc.).

[0007] Anchor lines are subject to significant stresses, particularly those related to wind, current and swell. These stresses can generate risks of failure by fatigue of the anchor lines. In addition, these natural phenomena cause the floating support to move. Consequently, the anchor lines must have good resistance to the induced forces and must allow limited movement of the floating support.

[0008] Thus, the tensions in the anchor lines of such wind or oil platforms are very high (for example, of the order of 5,000 kN for a floating wind turbine with taut lines and of the order of 1,500 kN for a floating wind turbine with catenary lines) and are not comparable to the tension values ​​of cables or ropes encountered in boating (for hoisting and adjusting the sails of a sailing boat for example), of the order of 35 to 40 kN in boating, or in climbing, which are much lower.

[0009] Furthermore, unlike nautical or climbing cables and ropes which can be easily replaced, anchor lines can only be installed or replaced using heavy and expensive means. For example, to install or replace three anchor lines of a floating platform for a wind turbine and / or the associated locking and unlocking systems, at least three large boats (one per line) are required, the daily rental of which is expensive. In addition, the installation and replacement of these anchor lines and / or the locking and unlocking systems can only be carried out in favorable weather conditions (low swell, low wind in particular). Thus, to install or replace the anchor lines, it is necessary to allow for a significant intervention time, significant and expensive means and favorable weather conditions.Furthermore, it may be necessary to anticipate these installations and replacements to avoid interventions during periods of adverse weather conditions over a long period, particularly in winter. Thus, it is easy to understand that, for this type of platform, the lifespan of the cables and ropes and the locking and unlocking systems is essential and that we seek to avoid any wear. In addition, we seek to make the installation as quick and simple as possible. Prior art

[0010] To block a rope to a support (also called a “platform”, such as a boat or a pontoon for example), different techniques have been developed.

[0011] The simplest and best known technique is splicing, which consists of making a terminal loop at the end of the rope by passing it back into itself (a "bury" type splice) or re-braiding it with itself (a "tuck" type splice). Various attachment systems can then be attached to this splice.

[0012] The splice does not allow for adjustment of the length at the time of installation and, a fortiori, a modification of this adjustment over time. The splice also does not allow for in situ tensioning without using an external device, such as a turnbuckle.

[0013] Another technique consists of embedding the fibers of the rope in a resin with which it forms an internal male cone, itself held by an external female cone, integral with the support. This solution corresponds in particular to patent application US5039255 A. This solution is not adjustable and does not allow the rope to be tensioned in situ, without using an external device, such as a turnbuckle.

[0014] Locking systems are also known where the rope is locked between two concentric cones. Patent applications EP0267713 A2, GB1341013 A, GB2091770 A1, US3085305 A, US4734961 A, US5904438 A relate to this type of locking system. The rope is crushed between the cones and the crushing of the fibers results in a significant reduction in the tensile strength of the rope. In other words, the crushing of the fibers significantly weakens the tensile strength of the rope. Furthermore, these systems are not adjustable and do not allow tensioning in situ, without using an external device, such as a turnbuckle.

[0015] Furthermore, locking systems are also known which consist of locking the cable by placing it in a sheath which compresses the cable when this sheath is tensioned. Patent application WO2012 / 172272A1 (US2014 / 223967A) relates to such a system.

[0016] The system allows for effective locking. However, abnormal wear of the rope and / or sheath is observed because the rope can move slightly in the sheath, which causes friction between the sheath and the rope. In addition, the blocking of the sheath in the end piece can damage the sheath, reduce its mechanical strength and limit its lifespan. Summary of the invention

[0017] The technical problem of the invention consists in designing a locking system for an elongate element such as a rope or a sheath, which makes it possible to improve the mechanical strength of the assembly, that is to say of the elongate element engaged in the locking system, and preferably while limiting the necessary bulk. In addition, it may be sought to ensure that the system is adjustable upon initial installation as well as during the lifetime of the system, once installed on the rope or the sheath. Furthermore, the system may seek to allow tension in situ, without external artifice, such as a turnbuckle.

[0018] The invention relates to a system for locking an elongate element to a support comprising a piece of revolution comprising an axis of revolution, the piece of revolution extending along the axis of revolution from a first end to a second end, the part of revolution comprising, from the first end towards the second end, a first longitudinal portion with an external surface of strictly increasing diameter and a second longitudinal portion with an external surface of strictly decreasing diameter so as to form an ovoid part.In addition, the locking system comprises a first outer ring and a second outer ring coaxial with the revolution part, the first outer ring comprising an inner surface of strictly increasing diameter and radially opposite the first portion so as to allow a first tightening of said elongate element between the outer surface of the first portion and the inner surface of the first outer ring, the second outer ring comprising an inner surface of strictly decreasing diameter and radially opposite the second portion so as to allow a second tightening of said elongate element between the outer surface of the second portion and the inner surface (7) of the second outer ring, the first and second tightenings ensuring the locking of the elongate element.

[0019] Advantageously, the part of revolution is a solid part or a hollow part with a cylindrical internal surface.

[0020] Preferably, the system comprises a means for pre-tensioning the elongate element.

[0021] Advantageously, the system comprises a first moving means for relatively moving the first outer ring towards the second outer ring so as to allow said first tightening and preferably to allow said second tightening.

[0022] Advantageously, said first displacement means comprises a screw-nut system and / or a lever and / or a spring and / or a jack.

[0023] Preferably, the system comprises a first rotation locking means for locking the rotation of the first external ring around the axis, the first locking means preferably comprising a pin and / or a groove and / or a key.

[0024] According to one embodiment of the invention, the system comprises a substantially conical element coaxial with the revolution part, and a third external ring, said substantially conical element being positioned longitudinally upstream of said revolution part, the third external ring comprising an internal surface of strictly increasing diameter and radially opposite said substantially conical element so as to allow a third tightening of said elongate element between the external surface of said substantially conical element and the internal surface of the third external ring, said substantially conical element preferably being solid or hollow with a cylindrical internal surface. The third tightening improves the blocking of the elongate element in the system.

[0025] Preferably, the system comprises a second displacement means for relatively moving the third outer ring away from the second outer ring so as to ensure the third tightening, preferably the second displacement means comprising a screw-nut system and / or a lever and / or a spring and / or a jack.

[0026] According to one configuration of the invention, the system comprises a longitudinal guide means for blocking the relative rotation of the third external ring around the axis, the longitudinal guide means preferably comprising a pin and / or a groove and / or a key.

[0027] According to one aspect of the invention, the locking system comprises a body configured to be fixed to the support, the body being coaxial with the revolution part, said first external ring and said second external ring being positioned between the revolution part and the body.

[0028] Preferably, the second outer ring abuts against the body, the position of the abutment being longitudinally adjustable.

[0029] The invention relates to a device for locking a substantially circular elongated component to a support, the locking device comprising: - a substantially tubular envelope formed by a sheath and allowing the elongated component to be inserted into and removed from the envelope; - a locking system according to one of the variants or combinations of variants described above, the envelope forming said elongated element and being fixed between the revolution part and the first and second external rings of said locking system, - a locking end piece, the casing being fixed in the locking end piece, an area of ​​the casing located between the locking system and the locking end piece being capable of generating a constriction of the casing on the elongated component.

[0030] Advantageously, the locking end piece comprises at least two bodies movable relative to each other and a means for driving a first movement of one of the bodies relative to the other, the first movement causing the casing to be clamped on the elongate component in the locking end piece.

[0031] The invention also relates to a method of locking an elongated element to a support by means of the locking system according to one of the variants or combinations of variants described above, in which at least the following steps are carried out: a) the piece of revolution is inserted into the elongated element; b) preferably the elongated element is stretched; c) the first external ring and the second external ring are placed around the elongated element, the first external ring being on one side of the part of revolution and the second external ring being on the other side of the part of revolution; d) the first outer ring is brought closer to the second outer ring so as to tighten the first outer ring on the first portion and the second outer ring on the second portion, preferably by blocking the rotation of the first outer ring around the axis.

[0032] When the locking system comprises a body as described above, the method comprises at least the following steps: a) the piece of revolution is inserted into the elongated element; b) preferably the elongated element is stretched; c) the first outer ring and the second outer ring are placed around the elongated element, the first outer ring being on one side of the revolution part and the second outer ring being on the other side of the revolution part; c) a body is placed around the first and second outer rings, d) the body is fixed on the support and the first outer ring is brought closer to the second outer ring so as to tighten the first outer ring on the first portion and the second outer ring on the second portion, preferably by blocking the rotation of the first outer ring around the axis.

[0033] When the locking system comprises a substantially conical element and a third external ring, at least the following steps are carried out: A) the piece of revolution is inserted into the elongated element B) preferably the elongated element is stretched over the piece of revolution C) the first external ring and the second external ring are placed around the elongated element, the first external ring being on one side of the revolution part and the second external ring being on the other side of the revolution part; D) the third external ring is placed around the elongate element in such a way that along the axis, the first external ring is successively found, then the second external ring then the third external ring, the side of the internal surface of smaller diameter being opposite the second external ring, preferably by blocking the rotation of the third external ring around the axis; E) the substantially conical element is inserted into the elongated element, positioning it against the third external ring; F) the third outer ring is tightened against the substantially conical element, this tightening preferably causing the elongate element to be tightened between the second portion and the second outer ring; G) the first outer ring is brought closer to the second outer ring so as to tighten the first outer ring on the first portion and the second outer ring on the second portion, preferably by blocking the rotation of the first outer ring around the axis.

[0034] Preferably when, the locking system comprising a body configured to be fixed to the support, the body being coaxial with the revolution part, said first external ring and said second external ring being positioned between the revolution part and the body, the body is preferably inserted between step B) and step D). List of figures

[0035] Other characteristics and advantages of the locking system, the locking device and the locking methods according to the invention will appear on reading the following description of non-limiting examples of embodiments, with reference to the figures appended and described below. [Fig 1]

[0036] [Fig.l] represents a blocking system according to the invention. [Fig 2]

[0037] [Fig.2] represents a first embodiment of a blocking system according to the invention. [Fig 3]

[0038] [Fig. 3] represents a second embodiment of a blocking system according to the invention. [Fig 4]

[0039] [Fig.4] represents a third embodiment of a blocking system according to the invention. [Fig 5]

[0040] [Fig.5] represents the tightening around a part of revolution of a locking system according to the third embodiment of the invention. [Fig 6]

[0041] [Fig.6] shows blocking devices according to the invention installed on anchor lines of a floating platform. [Fig 7]

[0042] [Fig.7] represents a locking device according to the invention composed of a locking end piece, a locking system and a casing. [Fig 8]

[0043] [Fig.8] represents the locking end piece of the locking device according to [Fig.7] of the invention. Description of the embodiments

[0044] The invention relates to a system for locking (and unlocking) an elongate element to a support (also called a "platform"). In other words, the invention relates to a system for locking an elongate element to a support, the support being able to be external to the system or the locking system being able to comprise the support.

[0045] An element having a length greater than its other dimensions is called an “elongated element”.

[0046] The elongate element may be a cable, made of metal wires or natural or synthetic fibers, also called a "rope" or "cordage". The elongate element may also be an envelope such as a sheath capable of receiving a cable, a cordage or any other elongate cylindrical component (a tube for example). Such an envelope (for example a sheath or a structure) is substantially cylindrical and has an opening so as to allow the elongate component, such as a cordage, to pass from an inlet to an outlet.

[0047] The system according to the invention is particularly suitable for ropes or cordage because the space between the fibers makes it possible to easily insert an ovoid-shaped piece of revolution and a possible substantially conical element.

[0048] The invention may also relate to an anchor line comprising the elongated element and the locking system.

[0049] The elongated element may be of “substantially circular” section.

[0050] By "substantially circular" we mean that it has a generally circular section but due to the potential presence of strands each bringing together a part of the fibers, it may have an external periphery that is not perfectly circular.

[0051] The term "cable", "rope" or "cordage" means an element comprising an assembly of fibers possibly assembled into strands. In other words, the "cable" may comprise a single strand composed of a multitude of fibers or comprise several strands, each strand comprising a multitude of fibers.

[0052] The fibers may be synthetic fibers or fibers of natural origin. The fibers and / or strands may, for example, be braided or twisted. The fibers and / or strands may be assembled coaxially and may then be advantageously held by an external sheath.

[0053] The locking system of the invention comprises a piece of revolution comprising an axis of revolution, the piece of revolution extending along the axis of revolution from a first longitudinal end to a second longitudinal end. The "longitudinal" direction is understood to be in the direction of the axis of revolution. In addition, the piece of revolution comprises, from the first longitudinal end towards the second longitudinal end, a first longitudinal portion with an external surface of strictly increasing diameter and a second longitudinal portion with a external surface of strictly decreasing diameter so as to form an ovoid part. In other words, the part of revolution has roughly the shape of an olive.

[0054] The external surface of the first portion may have a diameter that increases (in the longitudinal direction and in the direction defined from the first end to the second end) in a linear manner: in this case, this external surface has a conical profile. Alternatively, the variation in diameter of the external surface of the first portion may be non-linear. In this case, we speak of a substantially conical external surface of the first portion.

[0055] The external surface of the second portion may have a decreasing diameter (in the longitudinal direction and in the direction defined from the first end to the second end) in a linear manner: in this case, this external surface has a conical profile. Alternatively, the variation in diameter of the external surface of the second portion may be non-linear. In this case, we speak of a substantially conical external surface of the second portion.

[0056] The first portion and the second portion may be connected by an intermediate portion (for example with an external surface of constant diameter) or be connected directly to each other. In the latter case, the first portion and the second portion may be connected by the base of the conical or substantially conical external surfaces of the first and second portions.

[0057] According to the invention, the locking system comprises a first outer ring and a second outer ring coaxial with the revolution part. The first outer ring is independent of the second outer ring and the first and second outer rings are movable longitudinally relative to each other. Thus, they can be brought together to tighten each of the first and second outer rings against the revolution part or moved apart for loosening.

[0058] In addition, the first outer ring comprises an inner surface of strictly increasing diameter (in the longitudinal direction and in the direction defined from the first end to the second end) and it is positioned radially opposite the first portion so as to allow a first clamping of said elongate element between the outer surface of the first portion and the inner surface of the first ring. To do this, the inner surface of the first outer ring is of a shape adapted to the outer surface of the first portion: for example, if the outer surface of the first portion is conical with a predefined cone angle, the inner surface of the first outer ring is also conical with substantially the same predefined cone angle. By means of these adapted surfaces, it is possible to ensure clamping of the elongate element over the entire area located between the inner surface of the first outer ring and the outer surface of the first portion.

[0059] By "substantially the same predefined cone angle" is meant that this cone angle may be the same or that it may be slightly different, for example, that the difference (in absolute value) between the two cone angles may be less than 2°, and preferably less than 1°.

[0060] In the same way, the second outer ring comprises an inner surface of strictly decreasing diameter (in the longitudinal direction and in the direction defined from the first end to the second end) and it is positioned radially opposite the second portion so as to allow a second tightening of said elongate element between the outer surface of the second portion and the inner surface of the second outer ring. To do this, the inner surface of the second outer ring is of a shape adapted to the outer surface of the second portion: for example, if the outer surface of the second portion is conical with a predefined cone angle, the inner surface of the second outer ring is also conical with substantially the same predefined cone angle.By means of these adapted surfaces, it is possible to ensure clamping of the elongated element over the entire area located between the internal surface of the second external ring and the external surface of the second portion.

[0061] The first and second clamps ensure the locking of the elongated element in the system and thus, the locking relative to the support.

[0062] Of course, the internal surfaces of the first and / or second outer rings are conical when the external surfaces of the first and / or second portions are conical (with substantially the same cone angle). If the external surfaces of the first and / or second portions are substantially conical (the variation in diameter then being non-linear), the internal surfaces of the first and / or second outer rings are also substantially conical and have substantially the same shape as the external surfaces of the first and / or second portions (respectively).

[0063] Thanks to the first and second external rings independent and movable from each other, the elongate element can be tightened on both the first portion and the second portion, which would not be possible with a single ring (possibly in several parts for assembly, the parts not being movable once mounted around the part of revolution). Indeed, with a single ring, the movement of the single ring towards the first portion for tightening the elongate element between the first portion and the single ring would cause the single ring to move away from the second portion (and therefore the elongate element could not be tightened between the second portion and the single ring).

[0064] By simultaneously ensuring clamping at both the first portion and the second portion, the clamping surface is increased, locking is ensured and thus the breaking load of the elongate element is improved, the tensile force then being distributed between the two clamping zones. These clamps ensure the locking of the elongated element in the locking system. In fact, the load can be distributed between the clamping zones and the crushing of the elongated element limited. Thanks to the system of the invention, the breaking strength of the elongated element assembly in the locking system can be increased by more than 40% compared to a solution where the elongated element would only be clamped by a single double cone (between a single internal cone and a single external cone).

[0065] Advantageously, the part of revolution may be a solid part or a hollow part with a cylindrical internal surface. When it is solid, the elongate element surrounds the part of revolution: in other words, the part of revolution is inserted into the elongate element, for example between the strands of the rope. When the part of revolution is hollow with a cylindrical internal surface, the elongate element may surround the part of revolution. When the elongate element is a sheath and an elongate component (a rope for example) is inserted into the sheath, the rope may be inserted into the cylindrical internal surface of the part of revolution, which is itself inserted into the sheath. In other words, the part of revolution is inserted between the rope and the sheath.

[0066] By sheath is meant a material and / or a textile structure (i.e. a mesh structure for example) that is flexible and easily deformable (extensible), preferably a woven or braided textile. In the case of a sheath, the material and / or the textile structure is sufficiently deformable so that tension on the sheath causes deformation of the material and / or the textile structure making it possible to reduce the diameter of the envelope and therefore to tighten a cable, a rope or any elongated component inserted in the sheath. It is therefore advantageously the properties of the material and / or the structure that allow the sheath to be tightened on the elongated component. The concepts of “flexible” and “easily deformable” are understood relative to the elongated component: in other words, the sheath is more flexible and more easily deformable than the elongated component.

[0067] By structure is meant a deformable structure, for example a layer of armor wound around the elongate component. The layer of armor is advantageously formed from a metallic material which deforms little, in itself, under the effect of tension. Thus here, it is by the shape of the helical structure that the envelope tightens onto the elongate component under the effect of tension. Indeed, by applying a longitudinal tension force to the helical layer of armor, the diameter of the layer of armor is reduced and therefore makes it possible to tighten the elongate component.

[0068] A component having a length greater than its other dimensions is called an “elongated component”.

[0069] The elongated component may be a cable, metallic or synthetic, also called a “rope” or “cordage”. The elongated component may also be a tube.

[0070] Preferably, the locking system may comprise a means for pre-tensioning the elongate element. The term "pre-tensioning means" means a means capable of tensioning the elongate element before locking the elongate element in the locking system. The pre-tensioning means may for example be a winch. The operation of pre-tensioning the elongate element before locking is particularly advantageous. Indeed, this pre-tensioning makes it possible to extend the fibers, to press them against the part of revolution before tightening, which, on the one hand, facilitates the tightening operations around the first and second portions, thanks to the first and second external rings and on the other hand, avoids or limits a swelling of the elongate element between the first and second external rings during tightening. This swelling could indeed hinder the tightening of one or both external rings and it could also damage the elongate element.It could also prove unfavorable to the transfer of tension between the elongated element and the locking system.

[0071] To allow the relative longitudinal displacement of one of the first and second outer rings, the locking system may advantageously comprise a first displacement means capable of longitudinally displacing one of the first and / or second outer rings relative to the other. By bringing them together, the elongate element can then be clamped between the first portion and the first outer ring and / or between the second portion and the second outer ring. By moving them apart, these areas of the elongate element can then be loosened.

[0072] The first displacement means may for example comprise a screw-nut system (comprising for example a tightening nut), and / or a lever and / or a jack and / or a spring.

[0073] Preferably, the locking system may comprise a first rotation locking means (which may be a longitudinal guide means) for locking the rotation of the first outer ring around the axis of revolution, the first rotation locking means preferably comprising a pin and / or a groove and / or a key. With the first rotation locking means, it is thus possible to prevent twisting of the elongate element during tightening or loosening between the first outer ring and the first portion, this twisting could in particular be induced by a screw-nut type displacement means.

[0074] Preferably, the locking system may comprise a second rotation locking means (which may be a longitudinal guide means) for locking the rotation of the second outer ring around the axis of revolution, the second rotation locking means preferably comprising a pin and / or a groove and / or a key. With the second rotation locking means, it is thus possible to prevent twisting of the elongate element during tightening or loosening between the second outer ring and the second portion, this torsion could in particular be induced by a screw-nut type displacement means.

[0075] The torsion induced on the elongated element could weaken the elongated element. In addition, it could hinder or prevent correct tightening.

[0076] According to an advantageous configuration of the invention, the locking system may comprise a substantially conical element coaxial with the revolution part, and a third external ring. The substantially conical element may be conical when its external surface has a linear variation in diameter or substantially conical when its variation in diameter is non-linear.

[0077] The substantially conical element can be positioned longitudinally upstream of the revolution part.

[0078] The terms "upstream" and "downstream" are understood longitudinally along the axis of revolution, in the direction from the second longitudinal end of the part of revolution towards the first longitudinal end of the part of revolution.

[0079] The third outer ring may then comprise an inner surface of strictly increasing diameter, in the longitudinal direction and in the direction from the first longitudinal end towards the second longitudinal end (from downstream towards upstream) of the part of revolution. In other words, the base of the substantially conical surface of the substantially conical element and the base of the third outer ring are on the side opposite the part of revolution: longitudinally, the outer surfaces of the substantially conical element and of the third outer ring have strictly increasing diameters from the side opposite the part of revolution, towards the side opposite the part of revolution.

[0080] In this advantageous configuration, the third outer ring is positioned radially opposite the substantially conical element so as to allow a third clamping of the elongate element between the external surface of the substantially conical element and the internal surface of the third outer ring. In other words, the third outer ring and the substantially conical element form a third clamping zone of the elongate element making it possible to improve the locking of the elongate element in the system and thus to improve the locking of the elongate element on the support. By this means, it is possible to further increase the breaking load of the elongate element because the clamping surface of the elongate element is increased. In addition, in this configuration, the third outer ring and the substantially conical element can be used as a means of pre-tensioning the elongate element.In fact, the third external ring can be moved longitudinally in the opposite direction to the revolution part, which has the effect of stretching the elongated element.

[0081] In this advantageous configuration, the internal surface of the third external ring is of a shape adapted to the external surface of the substantially conical element: by example, if the outer surface of the substantially conical element is conical with a predefined cone angle, the inner surface of the third outer ring is also conical with substantially the same predefined cone angle. By means of these adapted surfaces, it is possible to ensure clamping of the elongate element over the entire area located between the inner surface of the third outer ring and the outer surface of the substantially conical element.

[0082] This configuration makes it possible to distribute the load even better in the different clamping zones and to further limit the stresses applied to the elongate element. In particular, it makes it possible to substantially double the breaking load of the assembly between the elongate element and the locking system in this configuration compared to the breaking load of the same elongate element wedged between two concentric cones according to the prior art.

[0083] Advantageously, the substantially conical element may be solid or hollow with a cylindrical internal surface. When it is solid, the elongate element surrounds the substantially conical element: in other words, the substantially conical element is inserted into the elongate element, for example between the strands of the rope. When the substantially conical element is hollow with a cylindrical internal surface, the elongate element may surround the substantially conical element. When the elongate element is a sheath and an elongate component (a rope for example) is inserted into the sheath, the rope may be inserted into the cylindrical internal surface of the substantially conical element, which is itself inserted into the sheath. In other words, the substantially conical element is inserted between the rope and the sheath.

[0084] Advantageously, the locking system may comprise a second displacement means for relatively moving (moving away and / or bringing closer) the third outer ring from the second outer ring (and / or the part of revolution) so as to ensure the third tightening of the elongate element between the substantially conical element and the third outer ring, the third tightening being ensured by the relative bringing together of the substantially conical element and the third outer ring and the relative moving apart of the substantially conical element and the third outer ring allowing loosening. This second displacement means may serve as a means of pre-tensioning the elongate element when it is used before the first and second outer rings are tightened against the first and second portions respectively.

[0085] Preferably, the second displacement means may comprise a screw-nut system (with a tightening nut for example) and / or a lever and / or a spring and / or a jack.

[0086] According to one aspect of the invention, the locking system may comprise a longitudinal guide means for locking the relative rotation of the third outer ring. around the axis, the longitudinal guide means preferably comprising a pin and / or a groove and / or a key. With the longitudinal guide means, it is thus possible to prevent twisting of the elongate element during tightening or loosening between the third external ring and the substantially conical element, this twisting could in particular be induced by a screw-nut type displacement means and could cause damage to the elongate element or difficulty in tightening.

[0087] According to one embodiment of the invention, the locking system may comprise a body configured to be fixed to the support, the body being coaxial with the revolution part. The first ring and the second ring may then be positioned between the revolution part and the body. The body serves to take up the tightening forces and transmit them to the support. It also helps to position the first and second external rings against the revolution part, so as to ensure tightening. In addition, the use of the body makes it possible to simplify assembly and disassembly operations as well as maintenance operations.

[0088] Preferably, when it is tightened on the second portion, the second outer ring can be in abutment, directly or indirectly (by an intermediate part for example) against the body or against the support. The use of the abutment against the body or against the support makes it possible to tighten the elongate element between the second outer ring and the part of revolution when the third outer ring is moved away from the second outer ring. This operation can preferably be done before moving the first outer ring towards the part of revolution so as to tighten the elongate element between the part of revolution and the first outer ring and to ensure that the tightening is maintained during operation.

[0089] Advantageously, the position of the stop can be longitudinally adjustable. Being able to adjust the position of the stop makes it possible, for example, to adjust the level of pre-tension applied to the elongate element. To adjust the longitudinal position of the stop, it is possible, for example, either to move the body longitudinally against the support or to move the stop against the body.

[0090] The invention also relates to a device for locking a substantially circular elongated component to a support (which may or may not be part of the locking device). The locking device of the invention comprises: - a substantially tubular envelope formed by a sheath and allowing the introduction and exit of the elongated component of the envelope; - a locking system according to one of the variants or combinations of variants described above, the envelope forming said elongated element and being fixed (tightened) between the revolution part and the first and second external rings of said locking system, - a locking end piece, the envelope being fixed in the locking end piece.

[0091] According to the invention, an area of ​​the envelope located between the locking system and the locking end piece is capable of generating a constriction of the envelope on the elongate component. This constriction can for example be generated by a tension of the envelope (a distance of the locking end piece from the locking system for example). In other words, between the fixing areas of the envelope at the locking end piece and the locking system, a tension of the envelope can generate a constriction of the envelope around the elongate component, this constriction making it possible to tighten the elongate component and thus to lock it.

[0092] Preferably, the locking end piece may comprise at least two bodies movable relative to each other and a means for driving a first movement of one of the bodies relative to the other. By this first movement, it is thus possible to cause the casing to be clamped on the elongate component in the locking end piece. It is thus possible to limit the friction between the casing and the elongate component and therefore improve the fatigue resistance of the assembly.

[0093] The invention also relates to a method of locking an elongated element to a support by means of the locking system according to one of the variants or combinations of variants described above, in which at least the following steps are carried out: a) the piece of revolution is inserted into the elongated element; b) preferably the elongated element is stretched so as to facilitate tightening and to avoid swelling between the first and second external rings; c) the first outer ring and the second outer ring are placed around the elongate element, the first outer ring being on one side of the revolution part and the second outer ring being on the other side of the revolution part. Each inner surface of each of the first and second outer rings is then radially opposite a first and a second portion of the revolution part respectively; one of the first and second outer rings can be placed before inserting the revolution part into the elongate element to facilitate assembly; d) the first outer ring is brought closer to the second outer ring (or vice versa) so as to tighten the first outer ring onto the first portion and to tighten the second outer ring onto the second portion. To bring the first outer ring closer to the second outer ring, it is possible, for example, to use the first displacement means described above. For example, the second ring can be blocked longitudinally against a stop against the support (possibly by means of a body and possibly an intermediate part) and the first outer ring can be brought longitudinally towards the second outer ring.

[0094] The clamps ensure the locking of the elongated element in the locking device.

[0095] By this method, the elongated element can thus be clamped in two “double-cones” ", each "double-cone" being formed by one of the first or second portions and by the associated first or second external ring (whose shape is adapted to the first or second portion respectively). This makes it possible to improve the mechanical strength of the assembly.

[0096] When carried out, step b) may be carried out between step c) and step d) or between step a) and step c).

[0097] Preferably, during tightening step d), the rotation of the first external ring around the axis of revolution can be blocked (and the rotation of the second external ring around the axis of revolution can be blocked) so as to avoid any twisting effect of the elongate element at the time of tightening.

[0098] Advantageously, it is possible, optionally, after step d) to put the elongate element under tension. To do this, when the support is a floating platform and the elongate element serves as an anchor line, the platform can be deballasted, which has the effect of tensioning the anchor lines (therefore the elongate elements). When the elongate element is the casing of a locking device as described previously, the locking end piece can be moved away from the locking system, which has the effect of tensioning the casing.

[0099] When the locking system further comprises a body as described above, the locking method may comprise at least the following steps: a) the revolution part is inserted into the elongate element; b) preferably the elongated element is stretched so as to facilitate tightening and to avoid swelling between the first and second external rings; c) the first outer ring and the second outer ring are placed around the elongate element, the first outer ring being on one side of the revolution part and the second outer ring being on the other side of the revolution part. Each inner surface of each of the first and second outer rings is then radially opposite a first and a second portion of the revolution part respectively; one of the first and second outer rings can be placed before inserting the revolution part into the elongate element to facilitate assembly; c) a body is placed around the first and second outer rings; d) the body is fixed on the support and the first outer ring is brought closer to the second outer ring so as to tighten the first outer ring on the first portion and to tighten the second outer ring on the second portion. To bring the first outer ring closer to the second outer ring, it is possible, for example, to use the first displacement means described above. It is possible, for example, example block the second ring longitudinally against a stop against the body (directly or indirectly by an intermediate piece) and the first external ring can be brought longitudinally towards the second external ring.

[0100] Step c') may be implemented before step a) or between step a) and step c) or between step c) and step d).

[0101] When carried out, step b) may be carried out between step c') and step d) or between step a) and step c).

[0102] Preferably, during tightening step d), the rotation of the first external ring around the axis of revolution can be blocked (and the rotation of the second external ring around the axis of revolution can be blocked) so as to avoid any twisting effect of the elongate element at the time of tightening.

[0103] Advantageously, it is possible, optionally, after step d) to put the elongate element under tension. To do this, when the support is a floating platform and the elongate element serves as an anchor line, the platform can be deballasted, which has the effect of tensioning the anchor lines (therefore the elongate elements). When the elongate element is the casing of a locking device as described previously, the locking end piece can be moved away from the locking system, which has the effect of tensioning the casing.

[0104] When the locking system comprises a substantially conical element and a third external ring as described above, the locking method may comprise at least the following steps: A) the piece of revolution is inserted into the elongated element;

[0105] B) preferably the elongate element is stretched on the revolution part upstream of the locking system (upstream of the position of the third external ring once it is positioned) for example by an external pre-tensioning means, such as a winch for example; C) the first outer ring and the second outer ring are placed around the elongate element, the first outer ring being on one side of the revolution part and the second outer ring being on the other side of the revolution part. Each inner surface of each of the first and second outer rings is then radially opposite a first and a second portion of the revolution part respectively; one of the first and second outer rings can be placed before inserting the revolution part into the elongate element to facilitate assembly D) the third external ring is placed around the elongate element in such a way that along the axis of revolution, we successively find the first external ring, then the second external ring then the third external ring, the side of the internal surface of the third external ring of smaller diameter being opposite of the second outer ring, preferably by blocking the rotation of the third outer ring around the axis of revolution; E) the substantially conical element is inserted into the elongated element by positioning it against the third external ring. The internal surface of the third external ring is then radially opposite the external surface of the substantially conical element; F) the third outer ring is tightened against the substantially conical element, this tightening preferably causing the elongate element to be tightened between the second portion and the second outer ring. For example, for this tightening, the third outer ring can be moved away from the second outer ring (or from the part of revolution) by the second displacement means described above; G) the first outer ring is brought closer to the second outer ring so as to tighten the first outer ring on the first portion and to tighten the second outer ring on the second portion, preferably by blocking the rotation of the first outer ring around the axis of revolution (the second outer ring can be blocked beforehand against a stop on the support). When the blocking system also comprises a body as described above, the body can be fixed to the support and the first outer ring can be brought closer to the second outer ring so as to tighten the first outer ring on the first portion and to tighten the second outer ring on the second portion. To bring the first outer ring closer to the second outer ring, it is possible, for example, to use the first displacement means described above.For example, the second ring can be locked longitudinally against a stop against the body (directly or indirectly by an intermediate piece) and the first outer ring can be brought longitudinally towards the second outer ring.

[0106] Steps D) and E) may be performed before steps A) to C) and the order of steps A) to D) may be modified.

[0107] Step F) is generally carried out before step G) so as to generate a pretension on the elongated element to press it onto the revolution part.

[0108] Advantageously, it is possible, optionally, after step G), to put the elongate element under tension. To do this, when the support is a floating platform and the elongate element serves as an anchor line, the platform can be deballasted, which has the effect of tensioning the anchor lines (therefore the elongate elements). When the elongate element is the casing of a locking device as described previously, the locking end piece can be moved away from the locking system, which has the effect of tensioning the casing.

[0109] Where the locking system also comprises a body as previously described, in addition to the substantially conical element and the third ring external, we can for example insert the body for example between step B) and step D).

[0110] [Fig. 1] illustrates, in a schematic and non-limiting manner, a blocking system according to the invention.

[0111] The locking system comprises a piece of revolution D, of ovoid shape. The piece of revolution D comprises, from the first longitudinal end 1 towards the second longitudinal end 2, a first portion 3 whose internal surface has a strictly increasing diameter (here conical), an intermediate portion 5 of constant diameter and a second portion 4 whose internal surface has a strictly decreasing diameter. This piece of revolution D is inserted into an elongate element A which may be a sheath, more precisely between the elongate element A and an elongate component O which may be a rope, the elongate component O itself being inserted into the elongate element A.

[0112] The locking system also comprises a first external ring F and a second external ring E. The first external ring F has an internal surface 6 of strictly increasing diameter, here conical (in the direction from the first longitudinal end 1 towards the second longitudinal end 2) adapted to the external surface of a first portion 3 of the part of revolution D.

[0113] The second external ring E has an internal surface 7 of strictly decreasing diameter, here conical, (in the direction from the first longitudinal end 1 towards the second longitudinal end 2) adapted to the external surface of a second portion 4 of the part of revolution D.

[0114] To tighten the elongate element A between the first portion 3 and the first external ring F and between the second portion 4 and the second external ring E, it is possible, for example, to bring the second external ring E longitudinally closer to the first external ring F. It is advantageous to apply a pre-tension to the elongate element before these tightenings.

[0115] [Fig.2] represents, in a schematic and non-limiting manner, a first embodiment of a blocking system according to the invention.

[0116] References identical to those in [Fig.l] correspond to the same elements and will not necessarily be detailed again.

[0117] The locking system comprises, in addition to the elements of [Fig.l], a body C, in which the first external ring F and the second external ring E are inserted.

[0118] The body itself is fixed to the support B.

[0119] In this figure, the second external ring E comprises a bearing surface R. When moving the second outer ring E to the left (in the opposite direction to the first outer ring F, the bearing surface R comes into contact against the shoulder Q of the body. As shown, the bearing surface R is not in contact against the shoulder Q and a clearance is shown.

[0120] The locking system also comprises a first displacement means which is here a clamping nut G. When tightening the clamping nut G, the clamping nut drives the first outer ring F to the left (towards the second outer ring E). When the second outer ring E comes to bear against the body at the shoulder Q, the distance between the second outer ring E and the first outer ring F is reduced, which makes it possible to clamp the elongate element A between the first portion 3 and the first outer ring F and between the second portion 4 and the second outer ring E.

[0121] To prevent rotation of the first outer ring F during the movement caused by the tightening nut, a first rotation blocking means (which may be a longitudinal guide means) is used between the first outer ring F and the body C. The first blocking means here comprises a pin H placed in the first outer ring F and directed radially and a groove P in the body C which serves as a longitudinal guide for the pin H.

[0122] In figures 1 and 2 the part of revolution is hollow but it could be a solid part of revolution and in this case, no elongated component would be inserted into the elongated element.

[0123] [Fig. 3] represents, in a schematic and non-limiting manner, a second embodiment of a blocking system according to the invention.

[0124] References identical to those in [Fig.l] or [Fig.2] correspond to the same elements and will not necessarily be detailed again.

[0125] The elongated element A is here a rope composed of several strands and / or a multitude of fibers.

[0126] Unlike figures 1 and 2, the part of revolution D is solid (it was hollow with an internal cylindrical surface to allow a cylindrical component to pass through in figures 1 and 2).

[0127] As shown, the elongate element A is clamped between the first portion and the first external ring F and between the second portion and the second external ring E, the bearing surface R being in abutment against the shoulder Q of the body C and the clamping nut G being in abutment against the locknut I (which ensures that the clamping is maintained during operation).

[0128] The locking system here comprises a substantially conical element J, which is a solid element, and a third external ring K. The substantially conical element J is also inserted into the elongated element A upstream of the revolution part D (the large black arrow indicating the downstream direction).

[0129] [Fig.4] represents, in a schematic and non-limiting manner, a third mode of producing a blocking system according to the invention.

[0130] References identical to those in [Fig.l] or [Fig.2] correspond to the same elements and will not necessarily be detailed again.

[0131] The part of revolution D is hollow with an internal cylindrical surface to allow the cylindrical component O to pass through.

[0132] The locking system here comprises a substantially conical element J and a third external ring K. The substantially conical element J is also inserted between the elongate element A and the elongate component O, upstream of the revolution part D (the large black arrow indicating the upstream direction).

[0133] The external surface of the substantially conical element J and the internal surface of the third external ring K are here conical with a diameter increasing in the upstream direction (therefore on the side opposite the part of revolution D).

[0134] The locking system comprises a second displacement means, here a tightening nut M, which also serves as a tensioning nut. A retaining ring N is placed on the third outer ring K. As a result, a movement of the tightening nut M upstream (to the left in the figure) causes the third outer ring K to move away from the revolution part D and the second outer ring E (then in abutment against the shoulder Q of the body C). This movement causes the elongate element A to be clamped between the substantially conical element J and the third outer ring K and a pre-tension of the elongate element at the level of the revolution part D.

[0135] Furthermore, to avoid twisting of the elongate element A which could occur during the movement of the third external ring K driven by the tightening nut M, a longitudinal rotation guide means is put in place between the third external ring K and the body C. The longitudinal guide means here comprises a pin L placed in the third external ring K and a groove S in the body C. The groove S serves as a longitudinal guide for the pin L, thus avoiding rotation of the third external ring K around the longitudinal axis of revolution.

[0136] [Fig. 5] represents, in a schematic and non-limiting manner, the tightening around the revolution part of a locking system according to the third embodiment of the invention.

[0137] References identical to those in [Fig.l], [Fig.2] and / or [Fig.4] correspond to the same elements and will not necessarily be detailed again.

[0138] Once the third external ring K has been tightened against the substantially conical element J, by means of the tightening nut M, the tightening nut G is moved towards the body C to bring the first external ring F closer to the second external ring E so as to tighten the elongate element A between the first portion and the first outer ring F and between the second portion and the second outer ring E.

[0139] [Fig.6] represents, in a schematic and non-limiting manner, a device for blocking according to the invention installed on anchor lines of a floating platform.

[0140] The floating platform 110 is equipped with anchor lines 120 and locking devices 10 according to the invention for locking and unlocking anchor lines 120.

[0141] Above the floating platform 110, a wind turbine 100 is arranged (of which only the lower part of the mast is visible). Of course, the floating platform 110 could not include a wind turbine.

[0142] Other types of floating platforms could be used: barges, semi-submersibles or spars (“spar” being an English word designating a cylinder whose length is greater than its diameter and can be translated as “pole”).

[0143] The floating platform 110 is connected to the ground (to the seabed) by anchor lines 120, here three anchor lines 120, but of course a different number of anchor lines is possible without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0144] The anchor lines 120 are connected on the one hand to anchors 130 placed or fixed on the ground (seabed) and on the other hand to a blocking device 10 according to the invention, itself fixed on the floating platform 110. Thus, there is a blocking device 10 for each anchor line 120. The blocking devices 10 can be positioned above sea level, for example on the upper platform of the floating platform 110, or below sea level (in this case, the blocking device 10 is underwater).

[0145] The floating platform 110 of [Fig. 6] is a taut line float for which a locking device according to the invention is particularly advantageous. Indeed, a taut line float requires good precision of line length / line tension to ensure operation and stability and it may be necessary to modify the adjustment of the length of the anchor lines or their tension over time, which the locking device according to the invention allows.

[0146] However, other types of floats with catenary or semi-tensioned lines could of course be used without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0147] [Fig.7] represents, in a schematic and non-limiting manner, a device for blocking according to the invention composed of a blocking end piece, a blocking system and a casing.

[0148] The locking device 10 is used to lock or unlock an elongated component O such as a cable and in particular a synthetic cable.

[0149] The locking device 10 comprises a locking system 12 fixed on a support (for example the floating platform 110 of [Fig.6]), an envelope forming an elongated element A (a textile sheath for example) and a locking end piece 13.

[0150] The envelope is fixed at a first end to the locking system 12 and at its second end to the locking end piece 13. An elongate component O, such as a cable, is placed in the locking device 10, in particular within the envelope from a first end of the envelope to its second end. The distance between the locking system 12 and the locking end piece 13 can be modified. When it increases, a tension is then applied to the envelope which causes a constriction effect of the envelope on the elongate component O and thus allows locking of the elongate component O in the locking device in the current part of the envelope.

[0151] By “current part” is meant the part located far from the ends and therefore for the envelope, the part which is not in the locking system 12 nor in the locking end piece 13.

[0152] The locking device 10 is configured so that the elongate component O is locked in the casing and in the locking end piece 13 and so that the locking end piece 13 is located between the locking system 12 and the anchoring point of the elongate component O (for example the anchor 130 of [Fig.6]).

[0153] The locking end piece 13 comprises at least two bodies movable relative to each other (not visible in the figure) so that a first movement of one of the bodies towards the other causes a reduction in the diameter of the envelope and thus a blocking of the elongate component O in the envelope at the second end in the locking end piece 13. The elongate component O can be subjected to a tension T in the direction of its other anchoring point (the anchor 130 of [Fig. 6] for example). This configuration is advantageous for taut or semi-taut anchor lines.

[0154] [Fig.8] shows, in a schematic and non-limiting manner, three positions of the locking end piece of the locking device according to [Fig.7] of the invention.

[0155] The locking end piece comprises a male body 15, a female body 16 and an external part 17. The locking end piece surrounds the elongate component O and the casing forming an elongate element A, and the elongate component O is placed in the casing, itself fixed on the inner surface of the male body 15.

[0156] The male body 15 comprises an inclined outer surface, for example conical, capable of engaging in the conical inner surface of the female body 16.

[0157] The female body 16 comprises a cylindrical external surface corresponding substantially to the internal surface of the external part 17.

[0158] The male body 15 and the female body 16 can move relative to each other and one or both of the male and female bodies can move longitudinally relative to the outer part 17.

[0159] In diagram a) on the left, the locking end piece is in the “rest” position (i.e. “not locked”). The elongated component O can slide in the casing.

[0160] In diagram b) in the middle, the male body 15 has been moved towards the female body 16. Due to the contact parts between the male body 15 and the female body 16, this movement results in a reduction in the internal diameter of the male body 15. For this reduction in diameter to be possible, the male body 15 may be in at least three independent parts, preferably separated by clearances, or it may be in a single independent deformable part to make the reduction in diameter possible, for example by a structure making this constriction possible, by using grooves in particular and / or by using a deformable material, such as an elastomer or a plastic.

[0161] The effect of the narrowing of the internal diameter of the male body 15 is observed, which causes a constriction of the envelope and of the elongate component O. Thus, the envelope squeezes the elongate component O at the second end of the envelope.

[0162] In diagram c) on the right, the male body 15 and female body 16 assembly are moved into the external part 17 to move the locking end piece (or at least part of it) away from the locking system (not shown). This has the effect of stretching the casing upstream (i.e. in the direction of the locking system), of generating a constriction of the casing and therefore a tightening of the casing on the elongate component O in the running part.

[0163] The elongated component O may or may not be subjected to a voltage T.

Claims

Claims

1. System for locking an elongate element (A) to a support (B) comprising a part of revolution (D) comprising an axis of revolution, the part of revolution (D) extending along the axis of revolution from a first end (1) to a second end (2), the part of revolution (D) comprising, from the first end (1) to the second end (2), a first longitudinal portion (3) with an external surface of strictly increasing diameter and a second longitudinal portion (4) with an external surface of strictly decreasing diameter so as to form an ovoid part, characterized in that the locking system comprises a first external ring (F) and a second external ring (E) coaxial with the part of revolution (D),the first outer ring (F) comprising an inner surface (6) of strictly increasing diameter and radially opposite the first portion (3) so as to allow a first tightening of said elongate element (A) between the outer surface of the first portion (3) and the inner surface (6) of the first outer ring (F), the second outer ring (E) comprising an inner surface of strictly decreasing diameter and radially opposite the second portion (4) so ​​as to allow a second tightening of said elongate element (A) between the outer surface of the second portion (4) and the inner surface (7) of the second outer ring (E), the first and second tightenings ensuring the blocking of the elongate element in the system.,

2. Locking system according to claim 1, characterized in that the revolution part (D) is a solid part or a hollow part with a cylindrical internal surface.

3. Locking system according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the system comprises a means of pre-tensioning the elongate element (A).

4. Locking system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the system comprises a first displacement means (G) for relatively moving the first external ring (F) towards the second external ring (E) so as to allow said first tightening and preferably to allow said second tightening.

5. Locking system according to claim 4, characterized in that said first displacement means (G) comprises a screw-nut system and / or a lever and / or a spring and / or a jack.

6. Locking system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the system comprises a first rotation locking means for locking the rotation of the first outer ring (F) around the axis, the first rotation locking means preferably comprising a pin (H) and / or a groove (P) and / or a key.

7. Locking system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the system comprises a substantially conical element (J) coaxial with the revolution part (D), and a third external ring (K), said substantially conical element (J) being positioned longitudinally upstream of said revolution part (D), the third external ring (K) comprising an internal surface of strictly increasing diameter and radially opposite said substantially conical element (J) so as to allow a third tightening of said elongate element (A) between the external surface of said substantially conical element (J) and the internal surface of the third external ring (K), said substantially conical element (J) preferably being solid or hollow with a cylindrical internal surface.

8. Locking system according to claim 7, characterized in that the system comprises a second displacement means (M) for relatively moving the third outer ring (K) away from the second outer ring (E) so as to ensure the third tightening, preferably the second displacement means (M) comprising a screw-nut system and / or a lever and / or a spring and / or a jack.

9. Locking system according to one of claims 7 to 8, characterized in that the system comprises a longitudinal guide means for blocking the relative rotation of the third external ring around the axis, the longitudinal guide means preferably comprising a pin (L) and / or a groove (S) and / or a key.

10. Locking system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the locking system comprises a body (C) configured to be fixed to the support (B), the body (C) being coaxial with the part of revolution (D), said first external ring (F) and said second external ring (E) being positioned between the revolution part (D) and the body (C).

11. Locking system according to claim 10, characterized in that the second external ring (E) is in abutment against the body (C), the position of the abutment being longitudinally adjustable.

12. Device (10) for locking a substantially circular elongate component (0) to a support (B), the locking device (10) comprising: - a substantially tubular casing formed by a sheath and allowing the elongate component (0) to be inserted into and removed from the casing; - a locking system (12) according to one of the preceding claims, the casing forming said elongate element (A) and being fixed between the part of revolution (D) and the first and second external rings (E, F) of said locking system (12), - a locking end piece (13), the casing being fixed in the locking end piece (13), an area of ​​the casing located between the locking system (12) and the locking end piece (13) being capable of generating a constriction of the casing on the elongate component (0).

13. Locking device (10) according to claim 12, characterized in that the locking end piece (13) comprises at least two bodies (15, 16) movable relative to each other and a means for driving a first movement of one of the bodies (15, 16) relative to the other, the first movement causing the casing to be clamped on the elongate component (0) in the locking end piece (13).

14. Method for locking an elongate element (A) to a support by means of the locking system according to one of claims 1 to 11, in which at least the following steps are carried out: a) the revolution part (D) is inserted into the elongate element (A); b) preferably the elongate element (A) is stretched; c) the first external ring (F) and the second external ring (E) are placed around the elongate element (A), the first external ring (F) being on one side of the revolution part (D) and the second external ring (E) being on the other side of the revolution part (D); d) the first external ring (F) is brought closer to the second external ring (E) so as to tighten the first external ring (F) on the first portion (3) and the second outer ring (E) on the second portion (4), preferably by blocking the rotation of the first outer ring (F) around the axis.

15. Method of locking an elongated element to a support by means of a locking system according to one of claims 10 or 11, in which at least the following steps are carried out: a) the piece of revolution (D) is inserted into the elongated element (A); b) preferably the elongated element (A) is stretched; c) the first external ring (F) and the second external ring (E) are placed around the elongated element (A), the first external ring (F) being on one side of the revolution part (D) and the second external ring (E) being on the other side of the revolution part (D); c) a body (C) is placed around the first and second external rings (E, F), d) the body (C) is fixed on the support (B) and the first external ring (F) is brought closer to the second external ring (E) so as to tighten the first external ring (F) on the first portion (3) and the second external ring (E) on the second portion (4), preferably by blocking the rotation of the first external ring (F) around the axis.

16. Method of locking an elongated element (A) to a support (B) by means of a locking system according to one of claims 7 to 9, in which at least the following steps are carried out: A) the piece of revolution (D) is inserted into the elongated element (A) B) preferably the elongated element (A) is stretched over the piece of revolution (D) C) the first external ring (F) and the second external ring (E) are placed around the elongated element (A), the first external ring (F) being on one side of the revolution part (D) and the second external ring (E) being on the other side of the revolution part (D); D) the third external ring (K) is placed around the elongate element in such a way that along the axis, we successively find the first external ring (F), then the second external ring (E) then the third external ring (K), the side of the internal surface of smaller diameter being opposite the second outer ring (E), preferably by blocking the rotation of the third outer ring (K) around the axis; E) inserting the substantially conical element (J) into the elongate element (A) by positioning it against the third outer ring (K); F) tightening the third outer ring (K) against the substantially conical element (J), this tightening preferably causing the tightening of the elongate element (A) between the second portion (4) and the second outer ring (E); G) bringing the first outer ring (F) closer to the second outer ring (E) so as to tighten the first outer ring (E) on the first portion (3) and the second outer ring (E) on the second portion (4) preferably by blocking the rotation of the first outer ring (F) around the axis.

17. Method for locking an elongate element (A) to a support (B) according to claim 16, the locking system comprising a body configured to be fixed to the support (B), the body being coaxial with the part of revolution, said first external ring and said second external ring being positioned between the part of revolution and the body, in which the body is preferably inserted between step B) and step D).

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