Particle filter for combustion heating appliance, and combustion heating appliance comprising same

Abstract

Particle filter for combustion heating appliance, and combustion heating appliance comprising same The present invention relates to a particle filter (7) for combustion heating appliance (1), comprising: - a plurality of particle capture plates (8) spaced from each other so as to form between them smoke flow channels (9); - a smoke inlet (11) in direct fluid communication with all of the smoke flow channels (9); - a deflector (10) arranged in contact with the plates (8) and configured to guide the smoke coming from the combustion chamber (2) towards the smoke inlet (11); and - a smoke outlet in direct fluid communication with all of the smoke flow channels (9), said smoke outlet being configured to open onto the inlet of the smoke evacuation duct (3). Figure to be published with the abstract: Figure 1

Description

Title of the invention: Particle filter for combustion heating appliance, and combustion heating appliance comprising it

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of combustion heating appliances such as wood stoves, and relates in particular to a particle filter for a combustion heating appliance and to a combustion heating appliance comprising such a particle filter.

[0002] The combustion of a solid fuel, such as wood, inside a stove results in the emission of particles present in the fumes which, when evacuated to the outside, cause air pollution.

[0003] Various solutions currently exist to limit this pollution, such as catalytic filters and high-voltage particulate filters. However, these existing solutions have the disadvantage of being expensive and are therefore little used on the market.

[0004] Another disadvantage of catalytic filters is that they require the use of rare metals to cause catalysis, such as palladium or platinum.

[0005] High-voltage particulate filters, on the other hand, use high voltage to charge the particles and then capture them. They therefore require electricity, and are therefore more complicated to implement. In addition, these high-voltage filters can generate ozone, which is not ideal if this solution is used extensively.

[0006] US patent application US4611572A and French patent application FR2975756A1 both disclose a stove with a baffle compartment that is arranged in the upper part of the combustion chamber and that comprises several plates arranged transversely to the direction of flow of the fumes. However, for these two types of existing baffle compartments, the heat exchange surfaces between the plates and the fumes are quite small, so that the heat transfer between the flames and the fumes cannot be done properly. Indeed, the plates in US patent application US4611572A have the main function of creating a pressure drop and slowing down the fumes, but do not allow the heat from the flames to be transferred efficiently, given their size.

[0007] The present invention aims to solve the drawbacks of the prior art by proposing a particle filter for a combustion heating appliance, comprising a plurality of particle capture plates arranged side by side to form between them smoke flow channels in the direction of flow of the smoke in the combustion heating appliance, which makes it possible to increase the contact and exchange surface between the smoke and the plates so as to capture more particles, either by direct contact or by natural electrostatic attraction.

[0008] The present invention therefore relates to a particle filter for a combustion heating appliance, configured to be installed on a part of the path of the fumes in the combustion heating appliance, characterized in that the particle filter comprises: - a plurality of particle capture plates, said plates being spaced from each other so as to form between them smoke flow channels in the direction of flow of the fumes in the combustion heating appliance; - a smoke inlet in direct fluid communication with all of the smoke flow channels; - a deflector arranged in contact with the plates and configured to guide the fumes coming from the combustion hearth of the combustion heating appliance towards the smoke inlet;and - a smoke outlet in direct fluid communication with all of the smoke flow channels, said smoke outlet being configured to open onto the inlet of the smoke evacuation duct of the combustion heating appliance or inside the smoke evacuation duct.;

[0009] By direction of flow of the fumes in the combustion heating appliance is meant the direction taken by the flow of the fumes resulting from the combustion of a solid fuel, such as wood, present in the combustion hearth, on the part of the path of the fumes in the combustion heating appliance at which the particle filter is installed. For example, inside the combustion hearth, the direction of flow of the fumes goes from the bottom of the combustion hearth to the inlet of the fume evacuation duct, and, inside the fume evacuation duct, the direction of flow of the fumes is oriented parallel to the axis of revolution of the part of the duct in which the particle filter is installed.

[0010] The fumes from the combustion of a solid fuel, such as wood, present in the combustion chamber can thus enter all of the fume flow channels simultaneously via the fume inlet, the deflector making it possible to guide the fumes towards the fume inlet. Then, the fumes can exit the particulate filter via its fume outlet, the fumes then being evacuated to the outside via the fume evacuation duct.

[0011] Thanks to the multiple smoke flow channels formed between the plates according to the direction of flow of the smoke in the combustion heating appliance, the particle filter according to the present invention makes it possible to increase the exchange surface between the smoke and the plates arranged side by side. As the contact surface between the smoke and the plates increases, the plates of the particle filter can capture more particles, either by direct contact or by the phenomenon of electrical attraction. natural trostatic.

[0012] The plates may be flat or folded, and may have different inclinations (e.g., vertical or inclined).

[0013] The plates may also be perforated. In addition, the plates may be smooth or textured (e.g., lumpy, hammered, diamond-shaped, ridged, knurled, etc.).

[0014] The particulate filter according to the present invention can be installed:

[0015] - entirely in the upper part of the combustion hearth of the appliance combustion heating, the smoke outlet then opening onto the inlet of the smoke evacuation duct; or

[0016] - entirely in the smoke evacuation duct; or

[0017] - both in the combustion chamber and in the flue gas evacuation duct of so as to maximize contact with the fumes, the fume inlet being inside the combustion chamber and the fume outlet being inside the fume exhaust duct.

[0018] The particle filter according to the present invention can be made of several pieces assembled together, or can be made of a single piece if it is cast in cast iron for example.

[0019] The plates may or may not be arranged across the entire width of the deflector.

[0020] When the particle filter is installed in the upper part of the combustion chamber of the combustion heating appliance (i.e., between the flames from the combustion and the inlet of the smoke exhaust duct), the deflector then serves as a flame deflector, a significant part of which is in contact with the flames and makes it possible to capture the heat from the flames and then transfer it to the plates which themselves transfer it to the smoke inside the smoke flow channels of the particle filter. Ultimately, the deflector and the plates serve as a heat exchanger between the flames and the escaping smoke. The plates make it possible to restore the heat to the smoke while minimizing pressure losses. The plates thus make it possible to capture and burn the particles: capture to limit pollution, and burn to increase efficiency.The high temperature of the plates allows the particles (present in the fumes) passing between them or depositing on them to be burned in order to have the most complete combustion possible. This increases the combustion efficiency, and to have, in a figurative way, a particle "grill".

[0021] The particle filter according to the present invention can also be installed entirely in the smoke exhaust duct, above the combustion chamber, with the aim of capturing particles, but without the burning function due to its distance from the flames. The shape of the filter can then be more elongated.

[0022] The particle filter with deflector can be installed like a “drawer” in the combustion chamber, so as to facilitate its cleaning.

[0023] The particle filter with deflector can be installed in a new stove, just as in an old stove. A frame can be added in order to position the particle filter as desired in the stove.

[0024] According to a particular characteristic of the invention, the plates are parallel to each other and configured to be arranged according to the direction of flow of the fumes in the combustion heating appliance.

[0025] Thus, the arrangement of the plates parallel to each other makes it possible to limit pressure losses.

[0026] The plates can, for example, be arranged vertically.

[0027] According to a first embodiment of the invention, each of the plates is provided with a transverse base and the deflector has a through hole, the transverse bases of the plates being fixed side by side above the deflector so as to close the through hole of the deflector, the deflector with closed through hole being configured to guide the fumes towards the fume inlet which is located above the deflector, such that, in the case where the deflector is installed in the upper part of the combustion hearth of the combustion heating appliance, the transverse bases of the plates are exposed to the flames present in the combustion hearth causing a rise in temperature of the plates to burn the particles present inside the fume flow channels.

[0028] Thus, the transverse bases of the plates, which are arranged to close the through hole in the deflector, are exposed to the flames from the combustion in the combustion chamber, and transmit the captured heat to the upper part of the plates, which makes it possible to raise the temperature of the plates to burn the particles inside the smoke flow channels.

[0029] Each of the plates thus has a surface exposed to the flames (namely, its transverse base) in order to raise its temperature, and a surface in contact with the fumes (at the level of the fume flow channels) in order to expose it to the maximum heat.

[0030] Preferably, the plates are of rectangular trapezoidal shape, with the inclined side of the plates configured to face the bottom of the combustion chamber, the deflector being fixed to the inclined side of each of the plates.

[0031] The transverse bases of the plates and the deflector of the particulate filter according to the first embodiment can be fixed together by screwing, riveting and / or welding. However, the particulate filter according to the first embodiment could also be in one piece, for example by being cast in cast iron.

[0032] Fiberglass, braided steel tape or other gaskets may be installed. between the different elements (plates / deflector) to obtain satisfactory sealing of the deflector part, particularly with regard to expansion phenomena, and to avoid expansion noises at the steel / steel contacts during temperature rises or falls.

[0033] According to a second embodiment of the invention, the deflector has at least one through-hole, the plates being arranged to pass through the at least one through-hole of the deflector and being fixed to the deflector by means of intermediate elements so as to close the at least one through-hole of the deflector, the deflector with closed through-hole being configured to guide the fumes towards the fume inlet which is located above the deflector, such that, in the case where the deflector is installed in the upper part of the combustion hearth of the combustion heating appliance, the lower part of the plates is exposed to the flames present in the combustion hearth causing a rise in temperature of the plates to burn the particles present inside the fume flow channels.

[0034] Thus, in order to improve efficiency, the plates pass through the deflector, which makes it possible to increase the particle capture surface and the heat capture surface.

[0035] The plates thus have a lower part directly exposed to the flames in order to raise their temperature, and a surface in contact with the fumes in order to expose it to the maximum heat.

[0036] Preferably, the plates are rectangular in shape, the deflector being fixed transversely to the plates, and inclined relative to the lower side of the plurality of plates.

[0037] It should be noted that the at least one through hole in the deflector could take the form of a plurality of slots respectively crossed by the plurality of plates.

[0038] In the case where the deflector has a single through hole, the intermediate elements between the plates may, for example, be brackets or fixing angles making it possible to fix the plates to the deflector while closing the through hole of the deflector at the level of the spaces between the plates.

[0039] The plates, the deflector and the intermediate elements of the particulate filter according to the second embodiment can be fixed together by screwing, riveting and / or welding. However, the particulate filter according to the second embodiment could also be in one piece, for example by being cast in cast iron.

[0040] Gaskets made of fiberglass, braided steel strip or other materials may be installed between the various elements (plates / deflector / intermediate elements) to obtain satisfactory sealing of the deflector part, particularly with respect to expansion phenomena, and to avoid expansion noises at the contacts. steel / steel during temperature rises or falls.

[0041] According to a particular characteristic of the invention, the particle filter further comprises an upper deflector element located in the upper part of the plates and delimiting the smoke outlet of the particle filter.

[0042] Thus, the upper deflector element makes it possible to delimit the smoke outlet of the particle filter by closing an upper zone of the smoke flow channels, which makes it possible to force the smoke to snake away from the combustion chamber.

[0043] For example, the upper deflector element may be formed by partial right-angle returns formed in the upper part of the plates.

[0044] According to a third embodiment of the invention, the particle filter further comprises a box in which the plates are arranged, the lower face of the box comprising an opening forming the smoke inlet, the closed part of the lower face of the box forming the deflector, and the upper face of the box also comprising an opening forming the smoke outlet.

[0045] Thus, the fumes enter the box via the fume inlet in the lower part of the box, pass through the fume flow channels while being in contact with the plates, then exit the box via the fume outlet in the upper part of the box.

[0046] Advantageously, the box has a cover on the front to facilitate access to the interior of the box, for cleaning the plates for example.

[0047] According to a particular characteristic of the third embodiment, at least one comb is arranged perpendicular to the plates, between them, so as to form baffles inside the smoke flow channels.

[0048] Thus, when the plates are arranged vertically, several combs can be arranged horizontally at different heights inside the box, which makes it possible to guarantee the spacing between the plates and also to make the fumes snake. The combs could also be inclined relative to the horizontal, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0049] Each comb can, for example, take the form of a horizontal grooved plate.

[0050] The at least one comb in the box thus makes it possible to keep the fumes as long as possible in the hot zone of the filter in order to burn the particles, by making the fumes snake in such a way as to maximize the time spent in this zone, and in a reasonable manner so as not to cause too much pressure loss. The snake also makes it possible to create swirl zones and vortices which cause the particles to be retained.

[0051] According to a particular characteristic of the third embodiment, the wall of the box is thermally insulated.

[0052] Thus, the thermal insulation of the wall of the box allows for a higher temperature inside the box, which allows for better particle burning efficiency.

[0053] Thermal insulation can, for example, be done with vermiculite, rock wool, glass wool, or any other insulation resistant to high temperatures.

[0054] According to a particular characteristic of the invention, the plates are made of at least one material from: - metal such as steel, cast iron, aluminum or copper; - tempered glass; - a high-temperature resistant plastic material such as poly(p-phenyleneterephthalamide) (PPD-T), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyamide-imide (PAI), polybenzimidazol (PBI), or polyimide (PI); and - ceramic.

[0055] When the plates are made of a dielectric material (for example, glass, PPD-T, or high-temperature plastics (PEEK, PTFE, PAI, PBI, PI) or others), capable of being charged with static electricity, electrostatic phenomena can be used to capture the particles. In this case, the plates charged with static electricity will charge the particles that come into contact and / or capture them. The plates could initially be charged via user manipulation (for example, by rubbing a woolen cloth on the plates or other) or via a motor. The plates could also become charged due to the circulation of fumes over them (the friction of the particles present in the fumes causing a progressive electrostatic charging of the plates).

[0056] In the case of plates made of conductive material, for example steel, it might be useful to electrically insulate them so that they remain charged. Otherwise, they would tend to discharge via the flue gas evacuation duct which is generally electrically connected to earth. A mixture of plates, i.e. some glass plates, some steel plates, others PEEK for example, could also be used in order to have positively charged plates and others negatively charged plates inside the particle filter.

[0057] According to a particular characteristic of the invention, the cross-section of the plates is corrugated or in the shape of a regular zigzag.

[0058] Thus, the wavy or zigzag shape of the plates allows the fumes to be kept in the hot zone of the filter for as long as possible in order to burn the particles, by making the fumes snake in such a way as to maximize the time spent in this zone, and in a reasonable manner so as not to cause too much pressure loss. The snake also allows the creation of swirling zones and vortices which cause the particles to be retained.

[0059] According to a particular characteristic of the invention, the particle filter comprises furthermore at least one of:

[0060] - at least one element made of pyroelectric material arranged upstream of the plates or on the plates; and

[0061] - magnets fixed on the plates.

[0062] Thus, the at least one element made of pyroelectric material makes it possible to charge the particles and / or to capture them.

[0063] The element(s) made of pyroelectric material may be in the form of racks comprising pyroelectric materials, i.e. materials which become charged with static electricity when exposed to heat, such as tourmaline, quartz, bones, etc. These racks could have different inclinations: parallel to the flow of fumes, perpendicular or inclined.

[0064] These boxes with pyroelectric materials can also be installed at the level of the deflector where the temperature will be higher, and the same will apply to the pyroelectric effect.

[0065] The pyroelectric material element(s) may also be in the form of pieces of pyroelectric material embedded in the plates.

[0066] Still with the aim of capturing more particles, magnets (for example, magnetic bars) can be used to capture charged particles, the particles captured by the magnets therefore being particles initially charged following combustion, or particles charged following their contact with the plates and / or racks of pyroelectric materials.

[0067] According to a particular characteristic of the invention, the plates are conductive and alternately connected to the positive and negative terminals of a direct current generator.

[0068] Thus, the plates are charged either negatively or positively depending on the positive / negative terminal to which they are connected, in the same way as a capacitor (the plates acting as electrodes and the insulator being the air between the plates). The aim here is not to use high voltages to ionize the air, but to create positively or negatively charged contact surfaces. Particles already charged upstream are therefore captured by the plates. A non-charged particle upstream finds itself charged positively or negatively after rubbing on one of these plates, and is then captured a little further away. The electric field created between the plates also helps capture particles.

[0069] By reversing the polarity of the direct current generator, this allows the captured particles to be ejected and made to fall, for example, into an ashtray located under the plates.

[0070] The present invention also relates to a combustion heating apparatus comprising a particle filter as described above installed in at least one between the combustion chamber and the flue of the combustion heating appliance.

[0071] The combustion heating appliance may, for example, be a wood-burning heating appliance such as a wood-burning stove, a pellet stove or a wood-burning insert.

[0072] According to a particular characteristic of the invention, the plates are at least partially arranged in the upper part of the combustion hearth of the combustion heating appliance, and the deflector is also installed in the upper part of the combustion hearth so as to be able to be exposed to the flames present in the combustion hearth and transmit the captured heat to the plates so as to burn the particles present in the smoke flow channels.

[0073] Thus, the particle filter makes it possible to burn the particles which pass through its smoke flow channels (namely the particles captured by the plates, and the particles in the smoke flow without being captured), because the plates are at high temperature and they radiate heat.

[0074] To better illustrate the object of the present invention, preferred embodiments will be described below, by way of illustration and not limitation, with reference to the appended drawings.

[0075] In these drawings:

[0076] [Fig.l] is a perspective view of a combustion heating apparatus according to a first embodiment of the invention;

[0077] [Fig.2] is a sectional view of the combustion heating apparatus according to the first embodiment;

[0078] [Fig.3] is a perspective view from above of the particulate filter according to the first embodiment;

[0079] [Fig.4] is a perspective view showing the deflector and one of the plates of the particulate filter according to the first embodiment;

[0080] [Fig.5] is a perspective view of a combustion heating apparatus according to a second embodiment of the invention;

[0081] [Fig.6] is a sectional view of the combustion heating apparatus according to the second embodiment;

[0082] [Fig.7] is a perspective view of the particulate filter according to the second embodiment;

[0083] [Fig.8] is a perspective sectional view of a combustion heating apparatus according to a third embodiment of the invention;

[0084] [Fig.9] is an exploded view of the particulate filter according to the third embodiment

[0085] [Fig. 10] is a front view of a combustion heating apparatus according to a fourth embodiment;

[0086] [Fig. 11] is a perspective view of a particulate filter according to a fifth embodiment of the invention; and

[0087] [Fig. 12] is a perspective view of a plate of the particulate filter according to a variant of the first embodiment of the invention.

[0088] Referring to Figures 1 to 4, it can be seen that there is shown a combustion heating apparatus 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

[0089] The combustion heating appliance 1 is a heating appliance operating by combustion of a solid fuel such as wood, and may for example take the form of a wood stove or a wood insert. It should be noted that the combustion heating appliance 1 could also take the form of a pellet stove, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0090] The combustion heating appliance 1 comprises a combustion hearth 2 whose upper wall is connected to a smoke evacuation duct 3, a solid fuel 4, such as wooden logs, being in combustion in the bottom of the combustion hearth 2, producing flames 5 and smoke whose trajectory 6 is visible in [Fig.2],

[0091] Although not shown in Figures 1 and 2, the combustion heating appliance 1 also comprises a front, such as a glass door, installed in front of the combustion hearth 2.

[0092] The combustion heating appliance 1 further comprises a particle filter 7 installed in the upper part of the combustion hearth 2 of the combustion heating appliance 1, so as to be located on a part of the path of the fumes in the combustion heating appliance 1.

[0093] The particle filter 7 comprises a plurality of identical particle capture plates 8 which are vertical, parallel to each other, and spaced apart from each other so as to form vertical smoke flow channels 9 between them.

[0094] In Figures 1 to 4, the particle filter 7 comprises twenty-one plates 8 forming twenty smoke flow channels 9 having a width of 10 mm.

[0095] It should be noted that the number of plates 8 could also be between 2 and 500, and that the width of each smoke evacuation channel 9 could also be between 2 and 330 mm, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0096] Furthermore, the plates 8 could also be perforated and / or corrugated, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0097] Additionally, the surfaces of the plates 8 are smooth, but could also be textured (e.g., lumpy, hammered, teardrop, ridged, knurled, etc.), without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0098] The particle filter 7 further comprises a deflector 10 (in the form of a plate) arranged under the plates 8 in contact with the latter and configured to guide the fumes coming from the combustion of the solid fuel 4 along the trajectory 6 shown in [Fig.2], so that the fumes bypass the deflector 10 and enter the fume flow channels 9 via a fume inlet 11 of the particle filter 7 arranged in the front part of the plates 8 (i.e., on the front side of the combustion hearth 2), said fume inlet 11 at the front of the particle filter 7 being in direct fluid communication with all of the fume flow channels 9.

[0099] Thanks to the multiple smoke flow channels 9 formed between the plates 8, the particle filter 7 makes it possible to increase the exchange surface between the smoke and the plates 8 arranged side by side. The contact surface between the smoke and the plates 8 being large, the plates 8 of the particle filter 7 can capture more particles present in the smoke, either by direct contact or by natural electrostatic attraction phenomenon.

[0100] The particle filter 7 further comprises a smoke outlet 12 arranged in the upper part of the plates 8, said smoke outlet 12 being in direct fluid communication with all of the smoke flow channels 9 and opening onto the inlet 3a of the smoke evacuation duct 3.

[0101] It should be noted that the smoke outlet 12 of the particle filter 7 could also open directly into the smoke evacuation duct 3, the plates 8 then extending into the smoke evacuation duct 3, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0102] It can be seen in Figures 3 and 4 that each of the plates 8 is provided with a transverse base 8a (in the form of a right angle return) and that the deflector 10 has a through hole 10a formed in the center thereof.

[0103] More specifically, each plate 8 is of rectangular trapezoidal shape, with its transverse base 8a formed on the inclined side of the plate 8 and facing the bottom of the combustion hearth 2, the deflector 10 being fixed to the transverse bases 8a of the plates 8. The deflector 10 is thus inclined downwards from the front of the combustion hearth 2 towards the rear of the combustion hearth 2.

[0104] The deflector 10 is fixed inside the combustion chamber 2 by means of two inclined fixing angles 13 which are fixed on the internal faces of the two side walls of the combustion chamber 2.

[0105] Alternatively, in order to facilitate the installation and removal of the particle filter 7, the two fixing angles 13 could also be fixed horizontally inside the combustion chamber 2, and the deflector 10 could be provided with two vertical and triangular lateral supports (for example, formed by vertical sheet metal returns at its two lateral ends) resting respectively on the two horizontal fixing angles 13, the particle filter 7 can thus be easily installed or removed from the combustion chamber 2 by sliding the two lateral supports of the deflector 10 onto the two horizontal fixing angles 13.

[0106] It should be noted that the plates 8 could also take another shape such as a normal trapezoid or a plate with a rounded or parabolic upper side, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0107] The transverse bases 8a of the plates 8 are fixed side by side above the deflector 10 so as to close the through hole 10a of the deflector 10, the deflector 10 with through hole 10a closed thus allowing the fumes to be guided towards the fume inlet 11 located above the deflector 10 at the front of the particle filter 7.

[0108] The transverse bases 8a of the plates 8 are thus exposed to the flames 5 present in the combustion chamber 2, which allows the temperature of the plates 8 to rise, making it possible to burn the particles present inside the smoke flow channels 9 of the particle filter 7.

[0109] The transverse bases 8a of the plates 8 have fixing holes 8b, and the deflector 10 also has corresponding fixing holes 10b near its through hole 10a, so that the transverse bases 8a of the plates 8 can be fixed on top of the deflector 10 by screwing or riveting.

[0110] It should be noted that the transverse bases 8a of the plates 8 could also be fixed to the deflector 10 by welding, or that the particle filter 7 could also be in one piece (for example, by being cast in cast iron), without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0111] Fiberglass, braided steel strip or other seals may also be installed between the plates 8 and the deflector 10 to obtain satisfactory sealing of the deflector part, particularly with respect to expansion phenomena, and to avoid expansion noises at the contacts during temperature rises or falls.

[0112] The particle filter 7 according to the present invention thus makes it possible to burn the particles which pass through its smoke flow channels 9 (namely the particles captured by the plates 8, and the particles in the smoke flow without being captured), due to the fact that the plates 8 are at high temperature and that they radiate heat.

[0113] The plates 8 and the deflector 10 may be made of at least one material from: - metal such as steel, cast iron, aluminum or copper; - tempered glass; - a high-temperature resistant plastic material such as poly(p-phenyleneterephthalamide) (PPD-T), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyamide-imide (PAI), polybenzimidazol (PBI), or polyimide (PI); and - ceramic.

[0114] When the plates 8 are made of a dielectric material (for example, tempered glass, PPD-T, or high-temperature plastics (PEEK, PTFE, PAI, PBI, PI) or others) capable of being charged with static electricity, electrostatic phenomena can be used to capture the particles. In this case, the plates 8 charged with static electricity charge the particles that come into contact and / or capture them. The plates 8 can, for example, be initially charged via user manipulation (for example, by rubbing a woolen cloth on the plates 8 or other) or via a motorization. The plates 8 can also become charged due to the circulation of fumes on them (the friction of the particles present in the fumes causing a progressive electrostatic charging of the plates 8).

[0115] [Fig. 12] shows a plate 8 of the particle filter 7 according to a variant of the first embodiment, in which the plate 8 has an extension 8c at the front of the particle filter 7 which projects beyond the deflector 10 to force the fumes to pass over the plates 8 at the front of the combustion chamber 2, and in which the upper side of the plate 8 is provided with a right-angle return (constituting an upper deflector element 8d) only on a front part of said upper side, such that all of the right-angle returns in the upper part of the plates 8 of the particle filter 7 form an overall upper deflector element 8d which delimits the fume outlet 12 and which makes it possible to force the fumes to snake from the combustion chamber 2.

[0116] Referring to Figures 5 to 7, it can be seen that there is shown a combustion heating apparatus 14 according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

[0117] The elements common between the first embodiment of the invention in Figures 1 to 4 and this second embodiment of the invention bear the same reference number, and will not be described in more detail here when they are of identical structures.

[0118] The combustion heater 14 according to the second embodiment is identical to the heater 1 according to the first embodiment, except that the plates 8 of its particle filter 15 do not have a transverse base, but are substantially rectangular and pass through the through hole 10a of the deflector 10, intermediate elements 16 of the fixing angle type being interposed between the plates 8 and making it possible to fix the plates 8 to the deflector 10 while closing the through hole 10a of the deflector 10 at the spacings between the plates 8.

[0119] It should be noted that the plates 8 could also take any other shape which would pass through the deflector 10, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0120] Each spacer element 16 has first fixing holes 16a for fixing by screwing or riveting to a respective one of the plates 8, and further has second fixing holes 16b for fixing by screwing or riveting to the top of the deflector 10 (via the fixing holes 10b of the deflector 10). The spacer elements 16 could also be fixed to the plates 8 and the deflector 10 by welding, without departing from the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, the particulate filter 15 according to the second embodiment could also be in one piece, for example by being cast in cast iron.

[0121] Fiberglass, braided steel strip or other gaskets can be installed between the different elements (plates 8 / deflector 10 / intermediate elements 16) to obtain satisfactory sealing of the deflector part, particularly with regard to expansion phenomena, and to avoid expansion noises at the contacts during temperature rises or falls.

[0122] It should be noted that instead of the through hole 10a, the deflector 10 could also comprise a plurality of slots respectively crossed by the plurality of plates 8, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0123] The deflector 10 with a closed through hole 10a thus makes it possible to guide the fumes towards the fume inlet 11 which is located above the deflector 10 at the front of the particle filter 15.

[0124] Since the plates 8 are transverse relative to the deflector 10, this makes it possible to increase the particle capture surface and also the heat capture surface. The lower part of the plates 8 is in fact directly exposed to the flames 5 present in the combustion chamber 2, causing the plates 8 to rise in temperature to burn the particles present inside the smoke flow channels 9 of the particle filter 15.

[0125] Referring to Figures 8 and 9, it can be seen that there is shown a combustion heating apparatus 17 according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

[0126] The elements common between the first embodiment of the invention in Figures 1 to 4 and this third embodiment of the invention bear the same reference number, and will not be described in more detail here when they are of identical structures.

[0127] The combustion heating appliance 17 according to the third embodiment is identical to the heating appliance 1 according to the first embodiment, except that its particle filter 18 comprises a parallelepipedal box 19 in which the rectangular plates 8 are arranged, the lower face of the box 19 comprising an opening forming the smoke inlet 11, the closed part of the lower face of the box 19 forming the deflector 10, and the upper face of the box 19 also comprising an opening forming the smoke outlet 12.

[0128] The fumes thus enter the box 19 via the fume inlet 11 in the lower part of the box 19, pass through the fume flow channels 9 while being in contact with the plates 8, then exit the box 19 via the fume outlet 12 in the upper part of the box 19.

[0129] The box 19 also has a removable cover 20 on the front in order to facilitate access to the interior of the box 19, for cleaning the plates 8 for example.

[0130] By way of example, the dimensions of the box 19 may be as follows: 20 cm in height, 50 cm in width and 30 cm in depth. Forty-seven plates 8 of 20 cm x 30 cm may for example be arranged inside the box 19, the exchange surface of the plates 8 then being 47 x 20 x 30 x 2 = 56,400 cm2, which corresponds to the surface of a 150 mm diameter tubing with a length of 12 m.

[0131] The wall of the box 19 may be thermally insulated in order to obtain a higher temperature inside the box 19, which allows for better particle burning efficiency. The thermal insulation may, for example, be done with vermiculite, rock wool, glass wool, or any other high-temperature resistant insulation.

[0132] Two combs 21 (each in the form of a horizontal grooved plate) are arranged perpendicular to the plates 8 and between them, one of the two combs 21 being fixed at a first height inside the box 19 in the front part of the particle filter 18, and the other of the two combs 21 being fixed at a second height, different from the first height, inside the box 19 in the rear part of the particle filter 18, such that baffles are formed inside the smoke flow channels 9 of the particle filter 18.

[0133] It should be noted that the particle filter 18 could also comprise any number of combs 21, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0134] Furthermore, the combs 21 could also be inclined relative to the horizontal, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0135] The combs 21 thus make it possible to guarantee the spacing between the plates 8 and also make it possible to make the fumes snake inside the box 19, which makes it possible to keep the fumes as long as possible in the hot zone of the filter 18 in order to burn the particles. The snake of the fumes in the box 19 also makes it possible to create swirl zones and vortices which cause the particles to be retained inside the box 19.

[0136] Referring to [Fig. 10], it can be seen that there is shown a combustion heating apparatus 22 according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

[0137] The common elements between the third embodiment of the invention on the Figures 8 and 9 and this fourth embodiment of the invention bear the same reference number, and will not be described in more detail here when they are of identical structures.

[0138] The combustion heater 22 according to the fourth embodiment is identical to the heater 17 according to the third embodiment, except that the plates 8 of its particle filter 23 have a regular zigzag-shaped cross-section.

[0139] The plates 8 of the particulate filter 23 could also have a corrugated cross-section, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0140] The zigzag or wavy shape of the plates 8 thus makes it possible to keep the fumes as long as possible in the fume flow channels 9 of the particle filter 23 in order to burn the particles, by making the fumes meander so as to maximize the time spent in this zone, and in a reasonable manner so as not to cause too much pressure loss. The meandering also makes it possible to create swirl zones and vortices which cause the particles to be retained in the particle filter 23.

[0141] Furthermore, the deflector 10 of the particle filter 23 according to the fourth embodiment is in the form of drain plates arranged in the lower part of the particle filter 23 and making it possible to guide the fumes coming from the combustion chamber 2 towards the fume inlet 11 of the particle filter 23.

[0142] Referring to [Fig. 11], it can be seen that there is shown a particle filter 24 according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention, installed on the smoke evacuation duct 3 of a combustion heating appliance.

[0143] The elements common to the third embodiment of the invention in Figures 8 and 9 and this fifth embodiment of the invention bear the same reference number, and will not be described in more detail here when they are of identical structures.

[0144] The particle filter 24 according to the fifth embodiment is identical to the particle filter 18 according to the third embodiment, except for the fact that it is entirely installed on the smoke exhaust duct 3 above the combustion hearth 2, with the aim of capturing particles but without the burning function due to its distance from the flames 5.

[0145] The smoke inlet 11 of the box 19 opens onto the lower part of the conduit 3 which is on the combustion hearth 2 side, and the smoke outlet 12 of the box 19 opens onto the upper part of the conduit 3 which is opposite the combustion hearth 2.

[0146] Furthermore, the particle filter 24 according to the fifth embodiment comprises a pyroelectric material element 25 in the form of a rack of pyroelectric materials (i.e. materials which become statically charged when they are exposed to heat, such as tourmaline, quartz, bones, etc.) having through holes, said rack being arranged upstream of the plates 8 and resting on the deflector 10 (i.e., at the location where the temperature will be higher, as will the pyroelectric effect).

[0147] The pyroelectric material element 25 thus makes it possible to charge the particles and / or to capture them.

[0148] It should be noted that the pyroelectric material element 25 could also be in the form of pieces of pyroelectric material embedded in the plates 8, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0149] Furthermore, the particle filter 24 according to the fifth embodiment comprises magnets 26 (in the form of magnetic bars) fixed on the plates 8 in the upper part, said magnets 26 making it possible to capture charged particles, namely particles initially charged following combustion, or particles charged following their contact with the plates 8 and / or with the element made of pyroelectric material 25.

[0150] According to another embodiment of the invention, the plates 8 could be conductive and alternately connected to the positive and negative terminals of a direct current generator, so as to create positively or negatively charged contact surfaces. Particles already charged upstream would thus be captured by the plates 8. A non-charged particle upstream would find itself positively or negatively charged after having rubbed on one of these plates 8, and would then find itself captured a little further away. The electric field created between the plates 8 would also help in capturing the particles.

[0151] By reversing the polarity of the direct current generator, this would also make it possible to eject the captured particles and cause them to fall, for example, into an ashtray located under the plates 8.

[0152] It is understood that the particular embodiments which have just been described have been given for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, and that modifications may be made without departing from the present invention.

Claims

Claims

1. Particle filter (7; 15; 18; 23; 24) for a combustion heating appliance (1; 14; 17; 22), configured to be installed on a part of the flue gas path in the combustion heating appliance (1; 14; 17; 22), characterized in that the particle filter (7; 15; 18; 23; 24) comprises: - a plurality of particle capture plates (8), said plates (8) being spaced apart from each other so as to form between them flue gas flow channels (9) in the direction of flow of the flue gases in the combustion heating appliance (1; 14; 17; 22); - a flue gas inlet (11) in direct fluid communication with all the flue gas flow channels (9); - a deflector (10) arranged in contact with the plates (8) and configured to guide the fumes coming from the combustion hearth (2) of the combustion heating appliance (1; 14; 17; 22) towards the fumes inlet (11);and - a smoke outlet (12) in direct fluid communication with all of the smoke flow channels (9), said smoke outlet (12) being configured to open onto the inlet (3a) of the smoke evacuation duct (3) of the combustion heating appliance (1; 14; 17; 22) or inside the smoke evacuation duct (3).;

2. Particle filter (7; 15; 18; 23; 24) according to claim 1, characterized in that the plates (8) are parallel to each other and configured to be arranged according to the direction of flow of the fumes in the combustion heating appliance (1; 14; 17; 22).

3. Particle filter (7) according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that each of the plates (8) is provided with a transverse base (8a) and the deflector (10) has a through hole (10a), the transverse bases (8a) of the plates (8) being fixed side by side above the deflector (10) so as to close the through hole (10a) of the deflector (10), the deflector (10) with closed through hole (10a) being configured to guide the fumes towards the fume inlet (11) which is located above the deflector (10), so that, in the case where the deflector (10) is installed in the upper part of the combustion hearth (2) of the combustion heating appliance (1), the transverse bases (8a) of the plates (8) are exposed to the flames (5) present in the combustion hearth (2) causing the plates (8) to rise in temperature to burn the particles present inside the smoke flow channels (9).

4. Particulate filter (15) according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the deflector (10) has at least one through-hole (10a), the plates (8) being arranged to pass through the at least one through-hole (10a) of the deflector (10) and being fixed to the deflector (10) by means of insert elements (16) so as to close the at least one through-hole (10a) of the deflector (10), the deflector (10) with closed through-hole (10a) being configured to guide the fumes towards the fume inlet (11) which is located above the deflector (10), so that, in the case where the deflector (10) is installed in the upper part of the combustion hearth (2) of the combustion heating appliance (14),the lower part of the plates (8) is exposed to the flames (5) present in the combustion chamber (2) causing the temperature of the plates (8) to rise to burn the particles present inside the smoke flow channels (9).,

5. Particle filter (7; 15; 18; 23; 24) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it further comprises an upper deflector element (8d) located in the upper part of the plates (8) and delimiting the smoke outlet (12) of the particle filter (7; 15; 18; 23; 24).

6. Particle filter (18) according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that it further comprises a box (19) in which the plates (8) are arranged, the lower face of the box (19) comprising an opening forming the smoke inlet (11), the closed part of the lower face of the box (19) forming the deflector (10), and the upper face of the box (19) also comprising an opening forming the smoke outlet (12).

7. Particle filter (18) according to claim 6, characterized in that at least one comb (21) is arranged perpendicular to the plates (8), between them, so as to form baffles inside the smoke flow channels (9).

8. Particle filter (18) according to one of claims 6 and 7, characterized in that the wall of the box (19) is thermally insulated.

9. Particle filter (7; 15; 18; 23; 24) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the plates (8) are made of at least one material from among: - metal such as steel, cast iron, aluminum or copper; - tempered glass; - a high temperature resistant plastic such as poly(p-phenyleneterephthalamide), PPD-T, polyetheretherketone, PEEK, polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE, polyamide-imide, PAI, polybenzimidazole, PBI, or polyimide, PI; and - ceramic.

10. Particle filter (23) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the cross-section of the plates (8) is corrugated or in the form of a regular zigzag.

11. Particle filter (24) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it further comprises at least one of: - at least one element made of pyroelectric material (25) arranged upstream of the plates (8) or on the plates (8); and - magnets (26) fixed on the plates (8).

12. Particle filter (7; 15; 18; 23; 24) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the plates (8) are conductive and alternately connected to the positive and negative terminals of a direct current generator.

13. A combustion heating appliance (1; 14; 17; 22) comprising a particle filter (7; 15; 18; 23; 24) according to one of claims 1 to 12 installed in at least one of the combustion hearth (2) and the flue gas evacuation duct (3) of the combustion heating appliance (1; 14; 17; 22).

14. Combustion heating appliance (1; 14; 17; 22) according to claim 13, characterized in that the plates (8) are at least partially arranged in the upper part of the combustion hearth (2) of the combustion heating appliance (1; 14; 17; 22), and the deflector (10) is also installed in the upper part of the combustion hearth (2) so as to be able to be exposed to the flames (5) present in the combustion hearth (2) and transmit the captured heat to the plates (8) so as to burn the particles present in the smoke flow channels (9).

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