Removable photovoltaic element

Abstract

Removable Photovoltaic Element. The invention relates to a method for fixing a photovoltaic element to a locally flat or slightly curved surface, characterized in that it is bonded to this surface by a layer of gel-type polysiloxane having a hardness of less than 120 Shore A and an elongation at break greater than 180%. The easily removable fixing is achieved by a gel-type polysiloxane with low viscosity, which is used to stretch the gel-type polysiloxane layer and cut it to separate the photovoltaic module from the flat or slightly curved surface. According to a second embodiment intended for steel surfaces, the photovoltaic module is first coated on its back side with a material having magnetic properties that form a plurality of magnetic dipoles.According to one variant of the method, hook-and-loop strips are used to increase the adhesion of the photovoltaic module to the surface. The invention also relates to a photovoltaic element characterized in that its back face contains a gel-type polysiloxane having a hardness of less than 120 Shore A and a measured elongation at break greater than 180%. Figure 5 illustrates this in the abstract.

Description

Title of the invention: Removable photovoltaic element Technical field of the invention

[0001] The invention relates to a method of removable fixing of a photovoltaic element on a flat or slightly curved surface. State of the art

[0002] It is known to produce photovoltaic modules with a front substrate made of glass. These modules have a high surface mass, on the order of 15 to 20 kg / m². These modules, generally framed with an aluminum frame, are fixed by means of mechanical elements, for example clamps, onto a structure which may be a structure installed on the ground or attached to a roof or a facade.

[0003] It is also known to produce photovoltaic modules with a polymer front face, particularly when flexibility is desired or a low surface mass is required. This is the case, for example, when integrating photovoltaic modules onto the structure of a boat or onto an uneven roof. The modules can then be made of crystalline silicon cells if a small curvature is sufficient, or of a thin photovoltaic semiconductor material such as CIGS (Copper, Indium, Gallium, Selenium) or amorphous silicon when a large curvature is required.

[0004] It is known to install photovoltaic modules made of crystalline silicon cells with a polymer front face on flat or partially flat roofs that can only withstand a low wing loading. However, the absence of a frame around the photovoltaic module necessitates a specific fixing technique on the flat roof surface. Two solutions are currently used to permanently secure photovoltaic modules to flat roofs. One, used by HELIUP, employs two-component adhesives between the roofing material and the surface. The other, used by SUNMAN / CREAWATT, uses a fastening system composed of so-called "hook and loop" strips, also known as Velcro strips, between the flat roof and the back face of the photovoltaic module.Patent DE102009027753 describes a comparable solution that uses a fastening system composed of so-called "hook and loop" strips, in which one of the strips is glued to the back face of the photovoltaic module and the other strip is glued to the skin of the roofing material which can be a PVC layer or an EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene monomer polymer) membrane, for example.

[0005] These solutions use a bonding technology which makes the maintenance of these photovoltaic systems difficult and whose durability over a few decades relies on materials such as polyester for the hook and loop tapes or epoxy or polyurethane resins for the adhesives whose mechanical performance degrades over time.

[0006] Object of the invention

[0007] The invention aims to remedy these drawbacks and relates to a method of fixing a photovoltaic element attached in a durable and easily removable manner to a flat or slightly curved surface.

[0008] The invention relates to a method of fixing a photovoltaic element on a locally flat or slightly curved surface characterized in that it is linked by its back face to this surface by a layer of a gel-type polysiloxane having a hardness of less than 120 shore A measured according to ISO868 and an elongation at break greater than 180% measured according to ISO 37 type 1.

[0009] The durable aspect of the fixation comes from the very high energy of the silicon-oxygen chemical bonds present in the polysiloxanes which are distinguished by a very high chemical inertness, excellent resistance to ultraviolet radiation and a high degradation temperature.

[0010] The easily removable fixing is provided by a gel-type polysiloxane which has a low viscosity which is used to stretch the layer of gel-type polysiloxane and cut it to separate the photovoltaic module from the flat or slightly curved surface.

[0011] The invention also relates to a photovoltaic element prepared to be fixed on a locally flat or slightly curved surface characterized in that it contains on its back face a layer of gel-type polysiloxane having a hardness of less than 120 shore A measured according to ISO868 and an elongation at break greater than 180% measured according to ISO 37 type 1.

[0012] The applicant has indeed discovered during mechanical shock tests reproducing the effect of hail on the photovoltaic module that, contrary to the idea that a soft interface between the photovoltaic module and the flat or slightly curved surface allows local deformation of the photovoltaic module and degradation of the crystalline silicon cells, the gel-type polysiloxane bonding layer provides an effect of shock waves absorption and improves resistance to hail.

[0013] The use of a gel-type polysiloxane having a low glass transition temperature, typically below -50°C and a low variation in viscosity and breaking strength with temperature allows the photovoltaic module to remain very strongly bonded to the flat or cylindrical surface even at very cold outside temperatures.

[0014] According to a first embodiment of the invention, a photovoltaic module is supplemented on its rear face with a layer of a gel-type polysiloxane characterized by a hardness of less than 120 shore A and an elongation at break greater than 180%, more typically characterized by a hardness of less than 80 shore A and an elongation at break greater than 300%.

[0015] According to a second embodiment of the invention intended for a flat or slightly curved steel surface, a photovoltaic module is supplemented on its back face with a layer of thickness between 0.2 mm and 5 mm of a material having magnetic properties and forming a plurality of magnetic dipoles and a layer of a gel-type polysiloxane characterized by a hardness of less than 120 shore A and an elongation at break greater than 180%, more typically characterized by a hardness of less than 80 shore A and an elongation at break greater than 300%.

[0016] According to a first variant of these first and second embodiments of the invention, a complementary fixing of the module on the flat or slightly curved surface is achieved between the perimeter of the photovoltaic module and the flat or slightly curved surface by depositing a bead of glue.

[0017] According to a second variant of these first and second embodiments of the invention, a complementary fixing of the module on the flat or slightly curved surface is made between the perimeter of the front face of the photovoltaic module and the flat or slightly curved surface by an attachment system composed of so-called "loop and hook" strips, better known as Velcro.

[0018] According to a third variant of these first and second embodiments of the invention, a complementary fixing of the module on the flat or slightly curved surface is made between the perimeter of the rear face of the photovoltaic module and the flat or slightly curved surface by an attachment system composed of so-called "loop and hook" bands.

[0019] Brief description of the drawings

[0020] Other advantages and features will become clearer from the following description of particular embodiments of the invention shown in the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0021] [Fig. 1] represents in cross-section a photovoltaic module according to the first embodiment of the invention.

[0022] [Fig.2] represents in cross-section a photovoltaic module according to the second embodiment of the invention.

[0023] [Fig.3] represents in cross-section a part of the alternation of magnetic dipoles of a material having magnetic properties according to the second embodiment of the invention.

[0024] [Fig.4] shows in cross-section a module according to the first or second mode of construction using gluing around the perimeter of the module

[0025] [Fig.5] shows in cross-section a module according to the first or second embodiment with additional fixing by a velcro on the perimeter of the front face of the photovoltaic module.

[0026] [Fig.6] represents in cross-section a part of a photovoltaic module provided with a material having magnetic properties according to the second embodiment with additional fixing by a velcro on the perimeter of the front face of the photovoltaic module.

[0027] [Fig.7] represents in cross-section a module according to the first or second mode of construction with additional fastening by velcro on the perimeter of the rear face of the photovoltaic module.

[0028] [Fig. 8] shows in cross-section a portion of a photovoltaic module equipped with a material having magnetic properties according to the second embodiment with additional fastening by a velcro on the perimeter of the rear face of the photovoltaic module.

[0029] [Fig.9] represents a top view of a module according to the first or second mode implementation with additional fixing by velcro on the perimeter of the module in an intermediate step of the assembly, before application of the velcro connecting the photovoltaic module and the roof.

[0030] [Fig. 10] represents in top view a module according to the first or second embodiment with additional fixing by a velcro on the perimeter of the module after installation of the velcro connecting the photovoltaic module and the roof.

[0031] [Fig. 11] represents in top view several modules according to the first or second embodiment with additional fixing by a velcro on the perimeter of the module in an intermediate step of the assembly, before application of the velcro connecting the photovoltaic module and the roof.

[0032] [Fig. 12] represents in top view a module according to the first or second embodiment with additional fixing by a velcro on the perimeter of the module after installation of the velcro connecting the photovoltaic module and the roof.

[0033] According to the first embodiment of the invention shown in cross-section in [Fig. 1], a photovoltaic module [1] manufactured in a manner known to those skilled in the art, equipped with a junction box [2] on its front face at a location free of photovoltaic cells, has a layer of gel-type polysiloxane [3] with a thickness between 0.2 mm and 5 mm, more typically between 0.5 mm and 3 mm, added to its rear face. This layer of gel-type polysiloxane The gel has a hardness of less than 100 Shore A and an elongation at break greater than 200%. The back face of the photovoltaic module is then brought into contact, via the polysiloxane gel layer, with the flat or slightly curved surface [4] intended to receive the photovoltaic system. The adhesion characteristics of the polysiloxane gel material on the back face of the module and on the flat or slightly curved surface ensure the stability of the photovoltaic module. The deformation characteristics of the polysiloxane gel material, represented by its elongation at break, absorb the differential expansion between the photovoltaic module and the flat or slightly curved surface.

[0034] According to a second embodiment of the invention intended for a flat or slightly curved steel surface and shown in cross-section in [Fig. 2], a photovoltaic module [1] manufactured in a manner known to those skilled in the art, equipped with a junction box [2] on its front face at a location free of photovoltaic cells, is coated on its rear face with a layer

[301] of a material having magnetic properties that form a plurality of alternating magnetic dipoles

[3011] and

[3012] between its two faces of the layer shown in [Fig. 3]. The free face of the layer of material forming a plurality of magnetic dipoles is coated with a layer

[302] of gel-type polysiloxane with a thickness between 0.1 mm and 2 mm, more typically between 0.2 mm and 1 mm. This gel-type polysiloxane layer has a hardness of less than 100 shore A and an elongation at break of more than 200%.The rear face of the photovoltaic module is then brought into contact, via a layer of a material forming a magnetic dipole and a polysiloxane layer, with the flat or slightly curved steel surface

[401] intended to receive the photovoltaic system. The adhesion characteristics of the polysiloxane gel material on the rear face of the module and on the flat or slightly curved surface are amplified by the magnetic force between the layer of a material having magnetic properties and the flat or slightly curved steel surface. The deformation characteristics of the polysiloxane gel material, represented by its elongation at break, absorb the differential expansion between the photovoltaic module and the flat or slightly curved surface.

[0035] According to a first implementation of this second embodiment of the invention, the layer

[301] of a material having magnetic properties is glued to the back face of the photovoltaic module using an adhesive part

[303] made of a single-component or two-component or hot-melt adhesive as is known to those skilled in the art.

[0036] According to a second embodiment of this second embodiment of the invention, the layer

[301] of a material having magnetic properties is bonded to the rear face of the photovoltaic module during the manufacturing process of the photovoltaic module using an adhesive part

[303] consisting of a hot-melt layer, in particular a cell encapsulation material such as EVA (Ethyl-Vinyl-Acetate) or PVB (polyvinyl butyral) or POE (PolyOlefin Encapsulant), between the rear face of the photovoltaic module and the layer of a material having magnetic properties.

[0037] According to a first variant of these first and second embodiments of the invention represented in [Fig.4], a complementary fixing of the module on the flat or slightly curved surface is achieved between the perimeter of the photovoltaic module and the flat or slightly curved surface by depositing a bead

[10] of a single-component or two-component or hot-melt adhesive as is known to be done by those skilled in the art.

[0038] According to a second variant of these first and second embodiments of the invention shown in [Fig. 5], additional attachment of the module to the flat or slightly curved surface is achieved between the perimeter of the front face of the photovoltaic module and the flat or slightly curved surface by means of an attachment system composed of so-called "loop and hook" strips, more commonly known as Velcro. A first Velcro strip

[24] selected from one of the two "loop" or "hook" strips is attached to the perimeter of the front face of the photovoltaic module, outside the surface containing the photovoltaic cells, using an adhesive portion

[23] .

[0039] A second strip

[22] of Velcro "loops" or "hooks" of the same type as the first is attached by means of an adhesive portion

[21] to the flat or slightly curved surface outside the area intended to receive the photovoltaic module and at a distance of between 1 mm and 20 mm from the edge of the photovoltaic module. The adhesive portion

[21] is made of a one-component or two-component or hot-melt adhesive, as is known to those skilled in the art.

[0040] After installation of the photovoltaic module in the area intended to receive it, a third strip

[25] of Velcro “loops” or “hooks” of a “loops” or “hook” nature complementary to the first and second strips is placed opposite these first and second strips.

[0041] According to a first implementation of this second variant of these first and second embodiments of the invention, the Velcro strip

[24] is glued after making the photovoltaic module on the front face of the photovoltaic module using a single-component or two-component or hot-melt adhesive as is known to those skilled in the art.

[0042] According to a second implementation of this second variant of these first and second embodiments of the invention, the Velcro strip

[24] is glued to the During the photovoltaic module fabrication process, a hot-melt layer

[23] , in particular a cell encapsulation material such as EVA (Ethyl-Vinyl-Acetate) or POE (Polyolefin Encapsulant), the width of the Velcro strip on the front face of the photovoltaic module, is added, with the "loop" or "hook" side facing away from the encapsulation material layer. The Velcro strip

[24] is then bonded to the outer face of the front face of the photovoltaic module during the photovoltaic module fabrication process.

[0043] According to a third variant of these first and second embodiments of the invention shown in [Fig. 7], the module is further secured to the flat or slightly curved surface between the perimeter of the rear face of the photovoltaic module and the flat or slightly curved surface by means of a fastening system composed of so-called "hook and loop" strips, more commonly known as Velcro. A first Velcro strip

[32] , chosen from one of the two types, "loop" or "hook," is attached on its "loop" or "hook" side and over a portion of its width opposite the rear face of the photovoltaic module using an adhesive portion

[31] . The other portion of this Velcro strip

[32] is positioned externally on the rear face of the photovoltaic module.A second Velcro strip

[34] of the same type as the first strip

[32] fixed to the rear face of the photovoltaic module is attached to the flat or slightly curved surface outside the area intended to receive the photovoltaic module, at a distance of between 1 mm and 20 mm from the edge of the photovoltaic module. This second Velcro strip is attached using a one-component, two-component, or hot-melt adhesive

[33] as is known to those skilled in the art.

[0044] After installation of the photovoltaic module in the area intended to receive it, a third strip

[35] of Velcro “loop” or “hook” of a “loop” or “hook” nature complementary to the first and second strips is placed opposite these first and second strips.

[0045] According to a first implementation of this third variant of these first and second embodiments of the invention, the first Velcro strip

[32] is glued on its "loop" or "hook" face and on part of its width after making the photovoltaic module on the back face of the photovoltaic module using a single-component or two-component glue as is known to be done by a person skilled in the art.

[0046] According to a second embodiment of this third variant of these first and second embodiments of the invention, the first Velcro strip

[32] is glued on its "loop" or "hook" side and over a part of its width on The periphery of the rear face of the photovoltaic module is covered during the photovoltaic module fabrication process by adding a heat-fusible layer

[31] , in particular a cell encapsulation material such as EVA (Ethyl-Vinyl-Acetate) or POE (Polyolefin Encapsulant). Part of the width of this first Velcro strip is positioned opposite the heat-fusible layer and the rear face of the photovoltaic module, with the other part extending beyond the rear face of the photovoltaic module. The Velcro strip

[32] is then adhered to the outer surface of the rear face of the photovoltaic module during the photovoltaic module fabrication process.

[0047] According to a fourth variant of these first and second embodiments of the invention shown in [Fig. 13], before installation of the photovoltaic module, additional fastening of the module to the flat or slightly curved surface is achieved between the perimeter of the rear face of the photovoltaic module and the flat or slightly curved surface by means of a fastening system composed of so-called "loop and hook" strips, more commonly known as Velcro. A first Velcro strip

[39] , chosen from one of the two types, "loop" or "hook," is attached opposite and around the periphery of the rear face of the photovoltaic module using an adhesive portion

[38] . A second Velcro strip

[37] , of the "loop" or "hook" type, complementary to the first strip

[39] , is attached to the flat or slightly curved surface using an adhesive portion

[36] opposite the location that will be occupied by the first strip

[39] after installation of the photovoltaic module.During the installation of the photovoltaic module in the area intended to receive it, the first strip

[39] comes into contact with the second strip

[37] and bonds to it.

[0048] Description of particular embodiments

[0049] Other advantages and features will become clearer from the following description of examples of embodiments of the invention given by way of non-limiting example.

[0050] First example

[0051] A photovoltaic module [1] with dimensions of 1134 mm x 1740 mm is made by encapsulating 54 crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells of 182 mm x 182 mm connected electrically in series. The encapsulation uses two sheets of an EVA (Ethyl-VinyLAcetate) type encapsulant, 0.75 mm thick, between a front face made of a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) sheet, 0.5 mm thick, and a rear face made of PET, 0.3 mm thick, as is known to those skilled in the art. A junction box placed on its front face at a location free of photovoltaic cells provides the electrical output of the photovoltaic cell string.

[0052] The photovoltaic module is intended to be installed on a flat roof whose surface is an EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene monomer) membrane itself glued onto a structure of blocks of a thermal insulating material.

[0053] After the lamination process, a 1.5 mm thick layer of gel-type polysiloxane [3] is added to its back face. This gel-type polysiloxane, prepared from a two-component silicone formula, has a hardness of 60 measured on the Shore A scale and an elongation at break of 250%.

[0054] Additional fixing of the module on the EPDM membrane of the flat roof is achieved by a fastening system composed of so-called "loop and hook" bands as shown in figures 7 and 8.

[0055] A first strip

[32] 20 mm wide, formed of a textile strip

[321] bearing a loop structure

[322] , is fixed to the periphery of the front face of the photovoltaic module, outside the surface containing the photovoltaic cells, using a two-component silicone adhesive

[31] . The loop face

[322] of the strip

[32] is oriented towards the rear face of the photovoltaic module.

[0056] A second strip

[34] of width 20 mm formed of a textile strip

[341] carrying a loop structure

[342] is fixed to the EPDM membrane using a polyurethane-type adhesive

[33] and outside the area intended to receive the photovoltaic module, at a distance of 10 mm from the edge of the location of the photovoltaic module as schematically shown in [Fig.9].

[0057] The rear face of the photovoltaic module is then brought into contact, via the gel-type polysiloxane layer [3] with the EPDM membrane as schematically shown in [Fig.9].

[0058] A third strip

[35] , 50 mm wide, consisting of a textile strip with a hook structure, is placed around the perimeter of the photovoltaic module opposite strips 32 and 34, as shown schematically in [Fig. 10], and forms a mechanical link between these strips. Figures 11 and 12 correspond respectively to Figures 9 and 10 with several modules installed.

[0059] The adhesion characteristics of the polysiloxane gel material on the back face of the module and on the EPDM membrane ensure the stability of the photovoltaic module. The deformation characteristics of the polysiloxane gel material, represented by its elongation at break, absorb the differential expansion between the photovoltaic module and the flat surface.

[0060] The "hook and loop" bands provide additional adhesion which ensures the process has excellent hold during episodes of strong wind.

[0061] Second example

[0062] A photovoltaic module is intended to be installed on a steel deck roof made of 0.75 mm thick folded steel sheets. The structure of the steel decks forms flat corridors 300 mm wide spaced apart by a trapezoidal structure 38 mm high and 60 mm wide at the base. These flat corridors are oriented in the slope of the roof, i.e. from the ridge towards the eaves.

[0063] The photovoltaic module [1] with dimensions of 250 mm x 3450 mm is made by encapsulating 16 crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells of 182 mm x 182 mm connected electrically in series. The encapsulation uses two sheets of an EVA (Ethyl-VinyLAcetate) type encapsulant, 0.75 mm thick, between a front and a back face. The front face consists of an assembly of three sheets: a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) sheet, 0.35 mm thick, forming the outer face of the front face; a sheet of an EVA type encapsulant, 0.5 mm thick; and a PET sheet, 0.25 mm thick, forming the inner face of the front face.

[0064] The rear face consists of an assembly of three sheets, a PET sheet 0.25 mm thick forming the outer face of the rear face, a sheet of an EVA-type encapsulant 0.5 mm thick and a PET sheet 0.20 mm thick forming the inner face of the rear face.

[0065] These front and rear faces, structured in several layers, increase the rigidity of the module while maintaining flexural capacity and improve its resistance to hailstone impacts. The photovoltaic module thus produced successfully withstood the hailstone impact test, with a diameter of 35 mm and a mass of 20.7 grams at a speed of 27.2 m / s, corresponding to a kinetic energy of 8 Joules.

[0066] The rear face is fitted with a sheet

[303] of an EVA-type encapsulant 0.5 mm thick and a sheet

[301] of a material having magnetic properties that form a plurality of magnetic dipoles ([Fig. 3]). This sheet consists of iron oxide particles with a diameter between 0.2 and 0.4 mm, forming small magnets dispersed in a flexible polyurethane-type polymer 1.5 mm thick. In this sheet, the iron oxide particles are oriented during the sheet's manufacture, before the polyurethane is cross-linked, to form magnetic dipoles in a strip 1 mm wide and spaced 0.8 mm apart.

[0067] These two sheets of EVA and PET are laminated in the process of manufacturing the photovoltaic module, in the same heat treatment steps as the encapsulation of the photovoltaic cells.

[0068] These photovoltaic modules are intended to be placed in flat corridors.

[0069] An additional fixing of the module to the steel surface in the corridor is achieved by an attachment system composed of so-called "hook and loop" strips. A first 15 mm wide "loop" type Velcro strip

[24] formed of a textile strip

[241] bearing a loop structure

[242] is fixed to the perimeter of the front face of the photovoltaic module, outside the surface containing the photovoltaic cells, using an adhesive part

[23] as schematically shown in [Fig. 5]. This adhesive portion consists of a 15 mm wide EVA (Ethyl-Vinyl-Acetate) strip, positioned opposite strip

[24] . Both strips

[23] and

[24] undergo the same heat treatment steps as the encapsulation of the photovoltaic cells. Strip

[24] is then bonded to the front face of the photovoltaic module.

[0070] After the lamination process, a 0.5 mm thick layer of gel-type polysiloxane [3] is added to its back face. This gel-type polysiloxane, prepared from a two-component silicone formula, has a hardness of 40 measured on the Shore A scale and an elongation at break of 350%.

[0071] A junction box placed on its front face at a location free of photovoltaic cells ensures the output of the electrical ends of the string of photovoltaic cells.

[0072] A second strip

[22] of width 25 mm formed of a textile strip

[221] carrying a loop structure

[222] is fixed in the corridor of the steel tray using a polyurethane type glue

[21] and outside the area intended to receive the photovoltaic module, at a distance of 8 mm from the edge of the location of the photovoltaic module.

[0073] The rear face of the photovoltaic module is then brought into contact, via the gel-type polysiloxane layer [3], with the surface of the steel tray corridor.

[0074] A third band

[25] of width 50 mm formed of a textile band carrying a hook structure is placed on the periphery of the photovoltaic module opposite the bands

[22] and

[24] and forms a mechanical link between these bands.

[0075] The sheet carrying the plurality of magnetic dipoles forms a magnetic circuit with the steel tray, resulting in an attractive force of 2,400 N / m². The adhesion characteristics of the polysiloxane gel material on the back face of the module and on the surface of the steel tray's channel provide additional adhesion. The deformation characteristics of the polysiloxane gel material, represented by its elongation at break, absorb the differential expansion between the photovoltaic module and the flat surface.

[0076] The "hook and loop" bands applied to the periphery of the photovoltaic module provide additional adhesion which ensures the process has excellent resistance during episodes of strong wind.

[0077] The invention is not limited to the embodiments previously described and extends to all embodiments covered by the claims.

[0078] The invention applies in particular to cylindrical or locally cylindrical surfaces having a radius of curvature greater than 1 meter.

Claims

Demands

1. Method of fixing a photovoltaic element on a locally flat or slightly curved surface characterized in that it is linked by its back face to this surface by a layer of a gel-type polysiloxane having a hardness of less than 120 Shore A measured according to ISO868 and an elongation at break greater than 180% measured according to ISO 37 type 1.

2. Method of fixing a photovoltaic element fixed on a locally flat or slightly curved surface according to claim 1 characterized in that a layer of a material forming a plurality of magnetic dipoles is fixed using an adhesive part on the back face of the photovoltaic element prior to the addition of the layer of a gel-type polysiloxane having a hardness of less than 120 Shore A measured according to ISO868 and an elongation at break greater than 180% measured according to ISO 37 type 1.

3. Method of fixing a photovoltaic element fixed on a locally flat or slightly curved surface according to claim 2 characterized in that the layer of a material forming a plurality of magnetic dipoles is fixed on the back face of the photovoltaic module during the lamination step of the photovoltaic module using a hot melt film of composition selected from EVA (Ethyl-Vinyl-Acetate) or PVB (polyvinyl butyral) or a POE (PolyOlefin Encapsulant).

4. Method of fixing a photovoltaic element fixed to a locally flat or slightly curved surface according to any one of claims 1 to 3 characterized in that a complementary fixing of the module on the flat or slightly curved surface is achieved by depositing a bead of glue between the periphery of the photovoltaic module and the flat or slightly curved surface.

5. A method for fixing a photovoltaic element attached to a locally flat or slightly curved surface according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that additional fixing of the module to the flat or slightly curved surface is achieved between the periphery of the front face of the photovoltaic module and the flat or slightly curved surface using a fastening system composed of loop-type bands and "Hook", better known as Velcro, a first strip chosen from one of the two types "loop" or "hook" being fixed on the perimeter of the front face of the photovoltaic module, a second strip of the same type "loop" or "hook" as the first strip being fixed with an adhesive part on the flat or slightly curved surface outside the area intended to receive the photovoltaic module and a third strip of the type "loop" or "hook" complementary to the first and second strips being placed opposite these first and second strips.

6. Method of fixing a photovoltaic element fixed on a locally flat or slightly curved surface according to claim 5 characterized in that the first strip chosen from one of the two types "loop" or "hook" is fixed on the periphery of the front face of the photovoltaic module using an adhesive part chosen from single-component adhesives or two-component adhesives or hot-melt materials.

7. Method of fixing a photovoltaic element fixed to a locally flat or slightly curved surface according to claim 5 characterized in that the first strip chosen from one of the two types "loop" or "hook" is fixed to the periphery of the front face of the photovoltaic module during the lamination step of the photovoltaic module using a hot melt film of composition chosen from EVA (Ethyl-Vinyl-Acetate) or PVB (polyvinyl butyral) or a POE (PolyOlefin Encapsulant).

8. A method for fixing a photovoltaic element attached to a locally flat or slightly curved surface according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that additional fixing of the module to the flat or slightly curved surface is achieved between the periphery of the rear face of the photovoltaic module and the flat or slightly curved surface using a fastening system composed of "loop" and "hook" type strips, more commonly known as Velcro, a first strip selected from one of the two types, "loop" or "hook", being fixed by its "loop" or "hook" side to the periphery of the rear face of the photovoltaic module, a second strip of the same "loop" or "hook" type as the first strip being fixed by means of an adhesive portion to the flat or slightly curved outside the area intended to receive the photovoltaic module and a third band of the "loop" or "hook" type complementary to the first and second bands being placed opposite these first and second bands.

9. Method of fixing a photovoltaic element fixed on a locally flat or slightly curved surface according to claim 8 characterized in that the first strip chosen from one of the two types "loop" or "hook" is fixed by its "loop" or "hook" face on the perimeter of the rear face of the photovoltaic module using an adhesive part chosen from single-component adhesives or two-component adhesives or hot-melt materials.

10. Method of fixing a photovoltaic element fixed to a locally flat or slightly curved surface according to claim 8 characterized in that the first strip chosen from one of the two types "loop" or "hook" is fixed by its "loop" or "hook" face to the perimeter of the rear face of the photovoltaic module during the lamination step of the photovoltaic module using a hot melt film of composition chosen from EVA (Ethyl-Vinyl-Acetate) or PVB (polyvinyl butyral) or a POE (PolyOlefin Encapsulant).

11. A method for fixing a photovoltaic element fixed to a locally flat or slightly curved surface according to any one of claims 1 to 3 characterized in that a complementary fixing of the module on the flat or slightly curved surface is made between the periphery of the rear face of the photovoltaic module and the flat or slightly curved surface using a fastening system composed of "loop" and "hook" type strips, better known as Velcro, a first strip chosen from one of the two types "loop" or "hook" being fixed opposite and around the periphery of the rear face of the photovoltaic module using an adhesive part, a second strip of a "loop" or "hook" type complementary to the first strip is fixed on the flat or slightly curved surface using an adhesive part opposite the location which will be that of the first strip after installation of the photovoltaic module.

12. A photovoltaic element prepared for fixing to a locally flat or slightly curved surface, characterized in that it

13. contains on its back face a layer of a gel-type polysiloxane having a hardness of less than 120 Shore A measured according to ISO868 and an elongation at break greater than 180% measured according to ISO 37 type 1. Photovoltaic element prepared to be fixed to a locally flat or slightly curved surface characterized in that it contains on its rear face a layer of a material forming a plurality of magnetic dipoles fixed by means of an adhesive part on its rear face and a layer of a gel-type polysiloxane having a hardness of less than 120 Shore A measured according to ISO868 and an elongation at break greater than 180% measured according to ISO 37 type 1.

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