Rain-collecting planting method for flue-cured tobacco in ridge film and furrow planting

Abstract

A rain-collecting planting method for flue-cured tobacco in ridge film and furrow planting, comprising: performing ridging, every two ridges form a unit, and using mulching films for covering; a tobacco planting ditch is formed between every two ridges, and tobacco seedlings are transplanted into the tobacco planting ditch; and after the tobacco seedlings enter a vigorous growing period, film uncovering and hilling cultivation are carried out, film uncovering and hilling being ploughing ridge soil on the two sides of the tobacco plants into the tobacco planting ditch. By means of the planting method, early growth and rapid development of tobacco plants are promoted by means of rainwater collection during drought season in the early growth stage, and dry matter accumulation is improved. When rainy in the later growth period, moisture accumulation around roots of tobacco plants is reduced by means of ridging, waterlogging is reduced, and the healthy growth of tobacco plants is guaranteed.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[01] The present application claims priority to the Chinese Patent Application No. 202010914071.8, filed with the China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) on September 3, 2020, and entitled "method for planting flue-cured tobacco by using ridge film and furrow planting to harvest rainwater", which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[02] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of tobacco planting, and in particular to a method for planting flue-cured tobacco by using ridge film and furrow planting to harvest rainwater. BACKGROUND ART

[03] Flue-cured tobacco is an important agricultural product in China's cash crops, a main raw material of cigarette production, and one of bulk agricultural products exported by China. The flue-cured tobacco mainly features that plants are tall, the distribution of leaves is relatively sparse and uniform, and leaves of the flue-cured tobacco are relatively large. After flue curing, the leaves are mostly orange or lemon yellow, are relatively bright, and have a moderate thickness. The middle tobacco leaves have the best quality. Besides use for making cigarettes, nicotine extracted from roots, stems and low-grade tobacco leaves has functions of sterilization and hemostasis, and may prevent and control crop pests and dermatozoon of livestock. Citric acid and malic acid contained in tobacco leaves may be directly used in food industry after being extracted. Seeds of tobacco contain 35%-40% of oil, and essence and the like contained in stems of tobacco may be used as industrial raw materials after being extracted. The development of the tobacco industry also promote the development of perfume, plastics, paper making, printing, packaging, fertilizer and machinery industries.

[04] Currently, flue-cured tobacco is planted in a cultivation mode of film mulching, which is implemented mainly by ridging and film mulching first, and then transplanting. After film mulching, a trapezoidal or arched ridge with a narrow top and a wide bottom is formed, and then tobacco is planted. After film mulching, water exchange between the ridge and the outside is cut off, and natural rainwater flows into a furrow along a ridge body, making it difficult to supplement rainwater into the ridge body. Especially in a region with drought and little rain or spring drought, the soil water content is relatively low during ridging, and water for tobacco seedlings to maintain their life activities mainly comes from irrigation during transplanting. It is difficult to supplement water with external water after transplanting until a rainy season, which affects growth of tobacco plants, resulting in reduction of yield and quality. SUMMARY

[05] In order to solve the problem that the quality and yield of flue-cured tobacco are reduced due to insufficient water supply in an existing cultivation mode using film mulching, in the present disclosure, the effective aggregation of natural rainwater is achieved by changing a shape of a ridge body and a planting position of tobacco seedlings. Ridge planting is replaced with furrow planting, and the natural rainwater is fully used to promote growth and development of tobacco plants and improve the quality and yield.

[06] To achieve the foregoing objective of the present disclosure, the present disclosure provides the following technical solutions.

[07] The present disclosure provides a method for planting flue-cured tobacco by using ridge film and furrow planting to harvest rainwater, including the following steps:

[08] ridging with every two ridges as a unit, and mulching the ridges with a mulch film; providing a tobacco planting furrow between every two ridges, and transplanting tobacco seedlings in the tobacco planting furrow; and uncovering the mulch film and earthing up for cultivation when the tobacco seedlings enter vigorous growing period, where the uncovering the mulch film and earthing up includes ploughing soil of ridge bodies on two sides of tobacco plants into the tobacco planting furrow.

[09] In one embodiment, a width of the ridge is 35-45 cm and a height of the ridge is 10-20 cm.

[010] In one embodiment, a spacing between two units is 35-45 cm. [OH]  In one embodiment, a thickness of the mulch film is 0.006-0.01 mm and a width of the mulch film is 1.0-1.2 m.

[012] In one embodiment, the transplanting tobacco seedlings have six leaves and one shoot, and a stem height of 6-8 cm.

[013] In one embodiment, the tobacco seedlings are transplanted in a well-cellar transplanting mode, a depth of the well-cellar is 7-9 cm.

[014] In one embodiment, a row spacing of the transplanting tobacco seedlings is 1.1-1.3 m and a plant spacing of the transplanting tobacco seedlings is 0.45-0.55 m.

[015] In one embodiment, the method further includes fertilizing after transplanting tobacco seedlings, and the fertilizing includes fertilizing at 7-9 cm away from two sides of tobacco plants in a direction of the ridge body, a depth of fertilizing is 9-11 cm.

[016] In one embodiment, a fertilizer used in the fertilizing is one or more selected from the group consisting of a fermented soybean cake fertilizer, a special compound fertilizer for tobacco, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, and diammonium phosphate.

[017] In one embodiment, amount of nitrogen in the fertilizing is 6-7 kg / mz / , and a weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the fertilizing is 1:(0.6-1.0):(2.5-3.5).

[018] Compared with the prior art, the present disclosure has the following beneficial effects:

[019] The present disclosure provides a method for planting flue-cured tobacco by using ridge film and furrow planting to harvest rainwater. Natural rainwater is effective accumulated by changing a shape of a ridge body and a planting position of tobacco seedlings for the first time, ridge planting is replaced with furrow planting, and the natural rainwater is fully used to promote growth and development of tobacco plants and improve the quality and yield.

[020] Compared with the conventional planting method, dry weights of leaves, stems, and roots per plant of Zhongyan 100 in vigorous growing period obtained by rainwater-harvesting planting method of the present disclosure are greater than those obtained by using the conventional cultivation method, and are increased by 35.3%, 40.0%, and 31.0%, respectively, and especially the dry weight of leaves per plant is significantly greater than that obtained by using the conventional cultivation method. Dry weights of leaves, stems, and roots per plant of Yunyan 87 in vigorous growing period obtained by rainwater-harvesting planting are significantly greater than those obtained by conventional cultivation, and are increased by 28.0%, 34.7%, and 42.7%, respectively. Dry weights of leaves, stems, and roots per plant of Zhongyan 100 at dome period obtained by rainwater-harvesting planting are greater than those obtained by using the conventional cultivation method, and are increased by 15.3%, 46.6%, and 10.4%, respectively, and especially the dry weight of stems per plant is significantly greater than that obtained by using the conventional cultivation method. Dry weights of leaves, stems, and roots per plant of Yunyan 87 at dome period obtained by rainwater-harvesting planting are greater than those obtained by conventional cultivation, and are increased by 29.2%, 32.3%, and 19.5%, respectively, and especially the dry weights of leaves and stems per plant are significantly greater than those obtained by using the conventional cultivation method. It can be seen that the method for planting flue-cured tobacco by using ridge film and furrow planting to harvest rainwater according to the present disclosure may significantly increase accumulation of dry matter of tobacco in the vigorous growing period and the dome period of tobacco seedlings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[021] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of rainwater-harvesting planting by using a ridge film and furrow planting;

[022] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional planting mode by ridging and film mulching;

[023] FIG. 3 is a diagram of a field cultivation planting pattern. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[024] The present disclosure is further described below with reference to examples and the accompanying drawings.

[025] The present disclosure provides a method for planting flue-cured tobacco by using ridge film and furrow planting to harvest rainwater, including the following steps: ridges are ridged with every two ridges as a unit, and the ridges were mulched with a mulch film; a tobacco planting furrow is provided between every two ridges, and tobacco seedlings are transplanted in the tobacco planting furrow; and uncovering the mulch film and earthing up for cultivation are performed when the tobacco seedlings enter vigorous growing period, where the uncovering the mulch film and earthing up includes ploughing soil of ridge bodies on two sides of tobacco plants into the tobacco planting furrow.

[026] In one embodiment, a width of the ridge is preferably 35-45 cm, more preferably 40 cm, and a height of the ridge is preferably 10-20 cm, more preferably 15 cm. The setting of the ridge width and the ridge height determines a rainwater harvesting amount. An excessively small ridge width and an excessively large ridge height may make rainwater flow into the furrow quickly, resulting in an excessive rainwater harvesting amount. If the ridge width is excessively large and the ridge height is excessively small, the effect of rainwater harvesting in the furrow cannot be achieved. A proper ridge width and ridge height enable rainwater to be harvested at a proper amount, thereby providing a proper amount of water in the whole growth period of tobacco seedlings and promoting growth of tobacco plants.

[027] In one embodiment, a spacing between two units is preferably 35-45 cm, more preferably 40 cm. The unit includes two ridges, no gap is reserved between the two ridges, and a tobacco planting furrow is provided between the two ridges. In one embodiment, tobacco seedlings are planted in the tobacco planting furrow, so that tobacco seedlings in an early growth period are enabled to grow early and quickly in a dry season by harvesting rainwater, and accumulation of dry matter is improved. In the late growth stage of tobacco seedlings, earthing up in rainy days may reduce the water accumulation around the rhizosphere of tobacco seedlings, and the occurrence of waterlogging is reduced, thereby promoting growth of the tobacco plants.

[028] In one embodiment, a thickness of the mulch film is preferably 0.006-0.01 mm and a width of the mulch film is preferably 1.0-1.2 m; and the mulch film is preferably a blow-molded agricultural mulching mulch film made of polyethylene.

[029] In one embodiment, the transplanting tobacco seedlings preferably have six leaves and one shoot, and a stem height of 6-8 cm.

[030] In one embodiment, during transplanting of tobacco seedlings, by selecting tobacco seedlings in a suitable development period, the tobacco seedlings may quickly adapt to a transplanting environment, making the tobacco seedlings grow and develop quickly and promoting dry matter accumulation of the tobacco seedlings, thereby improving yield and quality.

[031] In one embodiment, the tobacco seedlings are transplanted preferably in a well-cellar transplanting mode, a depth of the well-cellar is preferably 7-9 cm. a row spacing of the transplanting tobacco seedlings is preferably 1.1-1.3 m and a plant spacing of the transplanting tobacco seedlings is preferably 0.45-0.55 m. In the present disclosure, a proper row spacing and plant spacing for transplanting the tobacco seedlings are set, so that the tobacco seedlings grow and develop at a proper planting density, which may obtain sufficient illumination, improve photosynthetic compensation points of the tobacco seedlings, improve utilization of ground space in a seedling stage, reasonably utilize space, and reduce competition for illumination and fertilizer among the tobacco seedlings, thereby promoting moderate growth of the tobacco seedlings and improving yield and quality.

[032] In one embodiment, the method further includes fertilizing after transplanting tobacco seedlings, and the fertilizing preferably includes fertilizing at 7-9 cm away from two sides of tobacco plants in a direction of the ridge body, a depth of fertilizing is preferably 9-11 cm. A fertilizer used in the fertilizing is preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of a fermented soybean cake fertilizer, a special compound fertilizer for tobacco, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, and diammonium phosphate. In the fertilizing, amount of nitrogen in the fertilizing is preferably 6-7 kg / rnw, and a weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the fertilizing is preferably 1:(0.6-1.0):(2.5-3.5).

[033] In one embodiment, planting sites are preferably hilly and mountainous tobacco fields in regions prone to seasonal drought.

[034] The technical solution provided by the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present disclosure.

[035] Example 1

[036] FIG. 1 was a schematic diagram of planting according to the present disclosure. Rainwater-harvesting planting of flue-cured tobacco by using a ridge film and furrow planting was performed with reference to this schematic diagram. Planting site was Zhaojiabeipo Village, Sitou Town, Linqu County, Shandong Province. The method included the following steps:

[037] (1) Land preparation: Land preparation was performed based on a conventional land preparation method for conventional tobacco planting.

[038] (2) Ridging: Ridging was performed with a ridge width of 40 cm and a ridge height of 15 cm. Each unit was divided into two ridges, with no gap reserved between the ridges, and a tobacco planting furrow was provided between the two ridges.

[039] (3) Mulching: After ridging, each unit was mulched with a blow-molded agricultural mulch film made of polyethylene, with a thickness of 0.008 mm and a width of 1.1 m, and a proper amount of soil was used for filling between the two ridges to make the mulch film attached to a ridge body.

[040] (4) Transplanting of tobacco seedlings: Tobacco seedlings were transplanted on May 15. Transplanting was performed in a well-cellar transplanting mode, with a well-cellar depth of 8 cm, and the tobacco seedlings having six leaves and one shoot and a stem height of 7 cm were transplanted in the tobacco planting furrow, with a distance between rows of the tobacco seedlings being 1.20 m and a distance between plants being 0.50 m.

[041] (5) Field management: On the day of transplanting the tobacco seedlings, fertilization holes that were 10 cm deep and were about 8 cm away from two sides of tobacco plants in a direction of the ridge body were drilled, and a fermented soybean cake fertilizer, a special compound fertilizer for tobacco, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, and diammonium phosphate were applied at a nitrogen application amount of 6.53 kg / rnw, with a weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium being 1:0.8:3. After fertilization, the plants were watered immediately, with 1 kg of water for each plant, and after complete infiltration of water, the fertilization holes were sealed with soil.

[042] (6) Mulch film uncovering and earthing up: Ridge body soil on two sides of the tobacco plants was ploughed into the tobacco planting furrow by a machine, and earthing up was performed when the tobacco seedlings entered a vigorous growing period. Tobacco seedlings (n=3) in the vigorous growing period (on the 47th day after transplanting) and the dome period (on the 75th day after transplanting) were taken, and accumulation of dry matter of the tobacco seedlings was measured separately. Results were shown in Table 1 and Table 2.

[043] Example 2

[044] Rainwater-harvesting planting of flue-cured tobacco by using a ridge film and furrow planting was performed with reference to FIG. 1. Planting site was Zhaojiabeipo Village, Sitou Town, Linqu County, Shandong Province. The method included the following steps:

[045] (1) Land preparation: Land preparation was performed based on a conventional land preparation method for conventional tobacco planting.

[046] (2) Ridging: Ridging was performed with a ridge width of 35 cm and a ridge height of 20 cm. Each unit was divided into two ridges, with no gap reserved between the ridges, and a tobacco planting furrow was provided between the two ridges.

[047] (3) Mulching: After ridging, each unit was mulched with a blow-molded agricultural mulch film made of polyethylene, with a thickness of 0.006 mm and a width of 1.2 m, and a proper amount of soil was used for filling between the two ridges to make the mulch film attached to a ridge body.

[048] (4) Transplanting of tobacco seedlings: Tobacco seedlings were transplanted on May 15. Transplanting was performed in a well-cellar transplanting mode, with a well-cellar depth of 7 cm, and the tobacco seedlings having six leaves and one shoot and a stem height of 6 cm were transplanted in the tobacco planting furrow, with a distance between rows of the tobacco seedlings being 1.10 m and a distance between plants being 0.55 m.

[049] (5) Field management: On the day of transplanting the tobacco seedlings, fertilization holes that were 9 cm deep and were about 7 cm away from two sides of tobacco plants in a direction of the ridge body were drilled, and a fermented soybean cake fertilizer, a special compound fertilizer for tobacco, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, and diammonium phosphate were applied at a nitrogen application amount of 7kg / mw, with a weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium being 1:0.6:2.5. After fertilization, the plants were watered immediately, with 1 kg of water for each plant, and after complete infiltration of water, the fertilization holes were sealed with soil.

[050] (6) Mulch film uncovering and earthing up: Ridge body soil on two sides of the tobacco plants was ploughed into the tobacco planting furrow by a machine, and earthing up was performed when the tobacco seedlings entered the vigorous growing period.

[051] Comparative Example 1

[052] FIG. 2 was a schematic diagram of a conventional planting mode by ridging and film mulching. Conventional cultivation of flue-cured tobacco by ridging and film mulching was performed with reference to this schematic diagram, Planting site was Zhaojiabeipo Village, Sitou Town, Linqu County, Shandong Province.

[053] The planting site was the identical planting site in Example 1.

[054] (1) Land preparation: Land preparation was performed based on a conventional land preparation method for conventional tobacco planting.

[055] (2) Ridging: Ridging was performed with a ridge width of 80 cm and a ridge height of 25 cm. Each unit was one ridge.

[056] (3) Mulching: After ridging, each unit was mulched with a blow-molded agricultural mulch film made of polyethylene, with a thickness of 0.08 mm and a width of 1.1 m, and the mulch film was attached to a ridge body.

[057] (4) Transplanting of tobacco seedlings: Tobacco seedlings were transplanted in the same transplanting period as that in Example 1. Transplanting was performed in a well-cellar transplanting mode, with a well-cellar depth of 8 cm, and the tobacco seedlings having six leaves and one shoot and a stem height of 7 cm were transplanted in the center of the ridge body, with a distance between rows of the tobacco seedlings being 1.20 m and a distance between plants being 0.50 m.

[058] (5) Field management: On the day of transplanting the tobacco seedlings, fertilization holes that were 10 cm deep and were about 8 cm away from two sides of tobacco plants in a direction of the ridge body were drilled, and a fermented soybean cake fertilizer, a special compound fertilizer for tobacco, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, and diammonium phosphate were applied at a nitrogen application amount of 6.53kg / mw, with a weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium being 1:0.8:3. After fertilization, the plants were watered immediately, with 1 kg of water for each plant, and after complete infiltration of water, the fertilization holes were sealed with soil.

[059] (6) Tobacco seedlings (n=3) in the vigorous growing period (on the 47th day after transplanting) and the dome period (on the 75th day after transplanting) were taken in the same time as that in Example 1, and accumulation of dry matter of the tobacco seedlings was measured. Results were shown in Table 1 and Table 2.

[060] Table 1 Accumulation of dry matter of tobacco plants in the vigorous growing period (on the 47th day after transplanting) obtained by using different cultivation methods

[061] Variety Treatment Dry weight (g) of leaves per plant Dry weight (g) of stems per plant Dry weight (g) of roots per plant Zhongyan too Example 1 72.87±10.31 a 17.59±4.00 a 12.54±1.79a Comparative Example 1 53.87±5.51 b 12.56±0.41 a 9.57±0.96 a Yunyan 87 Example 1 96.207±4.01 a 30.20±3.36 a 19.06±1.63 a Comparative Example 1 75.18±7.19b 22.42±2.50 b 13.36±1.70b

[062] Table 2 Accumulation of dry matter of tobacco plants in the dome period (on the 75th day after transplanting) obtained by using different cultivation methods

[063] _____________________________________________________________________________________ Variety Treatment Dry weight (g) of leaves Dry weight (g) of stems Dry weight (g) of roots per plant per plant per plant Zhongyan too Example 1 171.73±19.22 a 118.79±2.70a 60.17±7.42a Comparative Example 1 148.91±12.48 a 81.03±0.86b 54.49±5.46 a Yunyan 87 Example 1 175.67±8.30 a 146.39±9.85 a 72.28±11.99a Comparative Example 1 135.99±19.66 b 110.60±3.96b 60.47±3.34 a

[064] It can be seen from Table 1 that, based on statistical analysis, the dry weight of leaves per plant of Zhongyan 100 in vigorous growing period obtained by rainwater-harvesting planting is greater than that obtained by using the conventional cultivation method, the dry weight of leaves per plant is improved by 35.3%, the dry weight of stems per plant is improved by 40.0%, the dry weight of roots per plant is improved by 31.0%, and especially the dry weight of leaves per plant is significantly greater than that obtained by using the conventional cultivation method; and dry weights of leaves, stems, and roots per plant of Yunyan 87 in vigorous growing period obtained by rainwater-harvesting planting are significantly greater than those obtained by conventional cultivation, and are increased by 28.0%, 34.7%, and 42.7%, respectively. This indicates that the rainwater-harvesting planting can remarkably increase accumulation of dry matter of tobacco plants in the vigorous growing period.

[065] It can be seen from Table 2 that, based on statistical analysis, dry weights of leaves, stems, and roots per plant of Zhongyan 100 at dome period obtained by rainwater-harvesting planting are greater than those obtained by using the conventional cultivation method, and are increased by 15.3%, 46.6%, and 10.4%, respectively, and especially the dry weight of stems per plant as significantly greater than that obtained by using the conventional cultivation method; dry weights of leaves, stems, and roots per plant of Yunyan 87 at dome period obtained by rainwater-harvesting planting are greater than those obtained by conventional cultivation, and are increased by 29.2%, 32.3%, and 19.5%, respectively, and especially the dry weights of leaves and stems per plant are significantly greater than those obtained by using the conventional cultivation method. This indicates that the rainwater-harvesting planting can remarkably increase accumulation of dry matter of tobacco plants in the dome period.

[066] The description of the foregoing examples is only used to help understand the method of the present disclosure and a core idea thereof. It should be noted that several improvements and modifications may be made by persons of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle of the present disclosure, and these improvements and modifications should also fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure. Various modifications to these examples are 9 apparent to a person skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other examples without departing from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure is not limited to these examples shown herein but falls within the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for planting flue-cured tobacco by using ridge film and furrow planting to harvest rainwater, comprising:ridging with every two ridges as a unit, and mulching the ridges with a mulch film; providing a tobacco planting furrow between every two ridges, and transplanting tobacco seedlings in the tobacco planting furrow; and uncovering the mulch film and earthing up for cultivation when the tobacco seedlings enter vigorous growing period, wherein the uncovering the mulch film and earthing up comprises ploughing soil of ridge bodies on two sides of tobacco plants into the tobacco planting furrow.

2. The method for planting according to claim 1, wherein a width of the ridge is 35-45 cm and a height of the ridge is 10-20 cm.

3. The method for planting according to claim 1, wherein a spacing between two units is 35-45 cm.

4. The method for planting according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the mulch film is 0.006-0.01 mm and a width of the mulch film is 1.0-1.2 m.

5. The method for planting according to claim 1, wherein the transplanting tobacco seedlings have six leaves and one shoot, and a stem height of 6-8 cm.

6. The method for planting according to claim 1, wherein the tobacco seedlings are transplanted in a well-cellar transplanting mode, a depth of the well-cellar is 7-9 cm.

7. The method for planting according to claim 1, wherein a row spacing of the transplantingtobacco seedlings is 1.1-1.3 m and a plant spacing of the transplanting tobacco seedlings is 0.45-0.55 m.

8. The method for planting according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises fertilizing after transplanting tobacco seedlings, and the fertilizing comprises fertilizing at 7-9 cm away from two sides of tobacco plants in a direction of the ridge body, a depth of fertilizing is 9-11 cm.

9. The method for planting according to claim 8, wherein a fertilizer used in the fertilizing is one or more selected from the group consisting of a fermented soybean cake fertilizer, a special compound fertilizer for tobacco, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, and diammonium phosphate.

10. The method for planting according to claim 8 or 9, wherein amount of nitrogen in the fertilizing is 6-7 kg / mn, and a weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the fertilizing is 1:(0.6-1.0):(2.5-3.5).

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