Topical Skincare Compositions

Abstract

A topical cosmetic skincare composition comprising at least one prebiotic, at least one postbiotic comprising Lactobacillus, and a dermatologically acceptable solvent. A method of preparing the composition comprising combining at least one prebiotic, at least one postbiotic comprising Lactobacillus, and a dermatologically acceptable solvent, a method of improving the appearance of the skin comprising applying the composition in an effective amount, and use of the composition as a cosmetic treatment to improve skin appearance are also included. The composition may include a second postbiotic, which may be Saccharomyces, Acetobacter xylinium, black tea ferment, a different strain of Lactobacillus to the first postbiotic, or Pseudoalteromonas ferment extract. The postbiotics may have a prebiotic effect. The prebiotics may be squalene, olive oil, rice bran oil, Undaria pinnatifida (brown macroalgae) extract, Sargassum horneri, niacinamide (vitamin B3) or tocopherol (vitamin E). The Lactobacillus may be L. rhamnosus. The prebiotics may comprise 0.5-5% of the composition and the postbiotics may comprise 0.5-6% of the composition. The Lactobacillus may form 0.005-2% of the composition. The solvent may form 50-90% of the composition and may be water, pentylene glycol or propanediol. The composition may further comprise emulsifiers, preservatives, moisture increasing components, film-forming agents and pH adjusters.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to topical cosmetic skincare compositions. The topical compositions may be administered to the face or other parts of the body where moisturisation is desired. The invention also relates to cosmetic methods using the topical compositions. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The skin of different individuals has different requirements. It is also known that the requirements of one person’s skin changes overtime. One reason for this is differences and changes in the skin’s microbiome, including, among other things, a reduction in Lactobacillus on the skin’s surface. Many cosmetic products exist with the aim of improving the appearance of the skin. However, there are a number of disadvantages associated with these known products. For example, many products are too generic, being targeted at people of all ages and all skin types. Many skincare products also do not sufficiently take into account the skin’s microbiome, in particular the effect of each ingredient. Even for products where the skin’s microbiome is taken into account, they do not sufficiently account for changes to the microbiome of the skin over time, for example with age or with the menopause. As such, there is a need for skincare products targeted specifically at improving the microbiome of the skin and in particular, the microbiome of mature skin, especially in women (for example women over 60 years of age and peri- and post-menopausal women). In particular, there is a need for skincare products that encourage the growth of Lactobacillus and other beneficial microorganisms on the skin’s surface. There is a further need for skincare products that encourage an increase in diversity of the microbiome of the skin. There is additionally a need for topical skincare products that target skin problems particularly associated with skin ageing in women over 60 years of age and in peri- and post-menopausal women. A desirable skincare product would, for example: • be suitable for women with dry, normal or combination skin types; • promote tissue regeneration and repair damage caused through ageing and skin ageing such as wrinkles, loss of collagen and loss of elastin; • help reverse biological ageing; • boost long-term hydration; • reduce redness; • reduce trans-epidermal water loss; and • promote the health of the skin. As such, there is a need for topical skincare compositions targeted specifically at improving the microbiome of skin, particularly mature skin, particularly in women, that addresses the above noted problems. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention provides a topical cosmetic skincare composition comprising: (i) one or more prebiotics; (ii) one or more postbiotics, wherein one of the one or more postbiotics is Lactobacillus; and (iii) a dermatologically acceptable solvent. The topical cosmetic skincare composition may comprise two or more postbiotics, wherein a first of the two or more postbiotics is Lactobacillus. The one or more postbiotics present in the topical cosmetic skincare composition may be postbiotics with a prebiotic effect. The topical cosmetic skincare composition may comprise one or more prebiotics selected from the group consisting of: squalane, olive oil, rice bran oil, and Undaria pinnatifida (brown macroalgae) extract, Sargassum horneri, niacinamide and tocopherol; or a combination thereof; for example the one or more prebiotics may be squalane and / or Undaria Pinnatifida Extract. In embodiments where the topical cosmetic skincare composition comprises a second postbiotic, the second postbiotic may be selected from the group consisting of: one or more strains of Saccharomyces; one or more strains of AcetobacterXylinium; black tea ferment; one or more strains of Lactobacillus that differs from the strain of the first of the two or more postbiotics; and Pseudoalteromonas Ferment Extract. For example, the topical cosmetic skincare composition may comprise one or more strains of Saccharomyces; one or more strains of Acetobacter Xylinium; black tea ferment and Pseudoalteromonas Ferment Extract. In some embodiments, the Lactobacillus present in the topical cosmetic skincare composition may be Lactobaillus rhamnosus, for example Lactobaillus rhamnosus LRH020. The one or more prebiotics present in the topical skincare composition may be present in the composition in an amount of from 0.5% to 5% (w / w) of the total composition. The one or more postbiotics is present in the topical skincare composition may be present in the composition in an amount of from 0.5% to 6% (w / w) of the total composition. The topical cosmetic skincare composition may comprise Lactobacillus in an amount of from 0.005% to 2% (w / w) of the total composition. The dermatologically acceptable solvent present in the topical skincare composition may be present in the composition in an amount from 50% (w / w) to 90% (w / w). The dermatologically acceptable solvent present in the topical cosmetic skincare composition may comprise one or more of water, pentylene glycol, and propanediol. The topical cosmetic skincare composition may comprise an emulsifier selected from Sorbitan Laurate, C18-20 Glycol Isostearate and Glyceryl Caprylate. The topical cosmetic skincare composition may comprise an emulsifier in an amount of from 3% to 12% of the total composition. The topical cosmetic skincare composition may comprise a preservative selected from propanediol, pentylene glycol, caprylyl glycol, sodium benzoate, and potassium sorbate. The topical cosmetic skincare composition may comprise preservative in an amount of from 2% to 15% (w / w) of the total composition. The topical cosmetic skincare composition may comprise one or more moisture increasing components selected from glycerin, pentylene glycol, propanediol, propylheptyl caprylate, squalane, Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter, caprylyl glycol, 1,2-hexanediol and glyceryl caprylate. The topical cosmetic skincare composition may comprise one or more moisture increasing components in an amount of from 10% to 40% (w / w) of the total composition. The topical cosmetic skincare composition may comprise one or more film forming agents and / or one or more pH adjusters. The topical cosmetic skincare composition may further comprise one or more other components selected from the list comprising: (a) Argania Spinosa Kernel Oil; (b) Corylus Avellana (Hazelnut) Seed Oil; (c) Camellia Oleifera Seed Oil; (d) Phytosterols; (e) A chelating agent such as Sodium Phytate; (f) Polyglutamic acid; (g) Tocopheryl acetate; (h) A thickener such as Xantham gum; (i) Helianthus Annus (Sunflower) Seed Oil; (j) Ubiquinone; (k) Acetyl Hexapeptide-1; and (I) Acetyl sh-hexapeptide-5 amide acetate. In some embodiments, the topical cosmetic skincare composition may comprise (i) one or more prebiotics in an amount of from 0.5% to 4% (w / w) of the total composition; (ii) two or more postbiotics with a prebiotic effect, wherein a first of the two or more postbiotics is Lactobacillus and wherein the total amount of postbiotic present in the composition is from 0.5% to 6% (w / w) of the total composition; (iii) a dermatologically acceptable solvent in an amount of from 50% to 90% (w / w) of the total composition. In some embodiments, the topical skincare composition may comprise: Ingredient Amount (% w / w) Water 45% to 75% Glycerin 3% to 7% Niacinamide 3% to 7% Pentylene Glycol 3% to 7% Sorbitan Laurate 3% to 8% Propanediol 2% to 6% C18-20 Glycol Isostearate 1 % to 5% Saccharomyces / Xylinum / Black Tea Ferment 0.5% 5% Propylheptyl Caprylate 0.5% to 4% Squalane 0.5% to 4% Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter 0.5% to 3.5% Argania Spinosa Kernel Oil 0.5% to 3% Corylus Avellana (Hazelnut) Seed Oil 0.5% to 3% Maltodextrin 0.5% to 3% Parfum (Fragrance) 0.2% to 2% Camellia Oleifera Seed Oil 0.2% to 1% Carbomer 0.2% to 1% Caprylyl Glycol 0.05% to 1% 1,2-Hexanediol 0.05% to 1% Sodium Polyacrylate 0.05% to 1% Phytosterols 0.01% to 0.5% Sodium Phytate 0.01% to 0.5% Tocopherol 0.01% to 0.5% Sodium Hydroxide 0.01% to 0.5% Polyglutamic Acid 0.01% to 0.5% Tocopheryl Acetate 0.005% to 0.5% Undaria Pinnatifida Extract 0.005% to 0.5% Xanthan Gum 0.005% to 0.5% Glyceryl Caprylate 0.005% to 0.5% Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil 0.005% to 0.5% Lactobacillus 0.005% to 2% Sodium Benzoate 0.005% to 0.5% Potassium Sorbate 0.005% to 0.5% Ubiquinone 0.005% to 0.5% Acetyl Hexapeptide-1 0.0005% to 0.05% Pseudoalteromonas Ferment Extract 0.0005% to 0.05% Acetyl sh-Hexapeptide-5 Amide Acetate 0.0005% to 0.05% Citric Acid 0.00005% to 0.005% The invention also provides a method of preparing the topical cosmetic skincare composition, the method comprising combining: (i) one or more prebiotics; (ii) one or more postbiotics, wherein one of the postbiotics is Lactobacillus- and (iii) a dermatologically acceptable solvent; to provide the topical cosmetic skincare composition. The invention further provides a method of improving the appearance of the skin, the method comprising applying to the skin an effective amount of the topical cosmetic skincare composition. The invention additionally provides use of the topical cosmetic skincare composition, as a cosmetic treatment to improve the appearance of skin. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention is further illustrated by reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 shows the increase in Lactobacillus spp present in skin microbiome samples taken at the start versus the end of a 42 day trial of a topical skincare composition according to the invention. Figure 2 shows the increase in S.hominis present in skin microbiome samples taken at the start versus the end of a 42 day trial of a topical skincare composition according to the invention. Figure 3 shows the increase in C.striatum present in skin microbiome samples taken at the start versus the end of a 42 day trial of a topical skincare composition according to the invention. Figure 4 shows the decrease in C.tuberculostearicum present in skin microbiome samples taken at the start versus the end of a 42 day trial of a topical skincare composition according to the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION The present invention provides improved topical cosmetic skincare compositions for the skin. Accordingly, in a first aspect, the invention provides a topical cosmetic skincare composition comprising: (i) one or more prebiotics; (ii) one or more postbiotics, wherein one of the one or more postbiotics is Lactobacillus; and (iii) a dermatologically acceptable solvent. The invention further provides a method of improving the appearance of the skin, the method comprising applying to the skin an effective amount of the topical cosmetic skincare composition described herein. It has been found that the topical cosmetic skincare composition of the invention supports the growth of topical bacteria such as Lactobacillus spp., S. hominis, and C.striatum and may slow the growth of, or reduce colonisation by, opportunistic bacteria such as C. tuberculostearium. The topical composition of the invention may also increase the bacterial diversity of the skin, which in turn may promote a healthy and balanced skin microbiome, particularly for women aged 60 and over, or peri-and post-menopausal women. Topical cosmetic skincare compositions according to the invention have been found to demonstrate one or more of the following beneficial properties: • reducing crow’s feet wrinkle depth; • reducing crow’s feet wrinkle volume; • reducing crow’s feet wrinkle length; • reducing forehead wrinkle depth; • reducing mouth corners' wrinkle depth; • reducing nasolabial fold depth; • reducing glabella wrinkle depth; • reducing pore size and / or rebalancing skin; • improving glow and / or radiance of the skin; • improving skin tone homogeneity; • smoothing skin surface and or reducing crepiness; • improving hydration; • improving firmness; • reducing sagging effects on the skin; • reinforcing the skin barrier; • improving collagen density; • reversing biological age; and • protecting skin from pollution. Suitably, the topical cosmetic skincare compositions according to the invention improve skin hydration. Prebiotics are ingredients that induce bacterial growth. Prebiotics are, or comprise, nutrients or food for bacteria that are beneficial to the microbiome (probiotics). Examples of suitable prebiotics for the topical cosmetic skincare composition of the present invention include squalane, olive oil, rice bran oil, Undaria pinnatifida (brown macroalgae) extract, Sargassum horneri, niacinamide and tocopherol. In some embodiments, the one or more prebiotics present in the topical skincare composition are not glycerin ortocopheryl acetate. In some embodiments, the topical composition may comprise one or more prebiotics selected from squalene, olive oil and rice bran oil. In some embodiments, the topical composition may comprise one or more prebiotics selected from Undaria pinnatifida extract and Sargassum horneri. In some embodiments, the topical composition may comprise (i) one or more prebiotics selected from squalane, olive oil and rice bran oil, and (ii) one or more prebiotics selected from Undaria pinnatifida extract and Sargassum horneri. Typically, the one or more prebiotic is selected from squalane and / or Undaria pinnatifida extract. In some embodiments of the invention, the topical composition comprises two or more prebiotics. In embodiments of the invention where the composition comprises two or more prebiotics, typically the topical composition comprises squalane and Undaria pinnatifida extract. Typically, the topical cosmetic skincare composition of the present invention comprises one or more prebiotics in an amount of at least 3% (w / w) of the total composition, for example at least 5% (w / w) of the total composition, more suitably at least 8% (w / w) of the total composition, most suitably a least 10% (w / w) of the total composition. Typically, the topical cosmetic skincare composition of the present invention comprises one or more prebiotics in an amount of at most 20% (w / w) of the total composition, for example at most 15% (w / w) of the total composition, more suitably at most 14% (w / w) of the total composition. In some embodiments, the one or more prebiotics may comprise from 3% to 18% (w / w) of the total composition, typically from 5% to 15% (w / w) of the total composition, for example from 8% to 14% (w / w) of the total composition, suitably from 10% to 14% (w / w) of the total composition. In an exemplified embodiment, the topical cosmetic skincare composition of the present invention comprises one or more prebiotics in an amount of around 2% (w / w) of the total composition, more specifically 1.98 (w / w). Typically, the topical cosmetic skincare composition of the present invention comprises one or more of squalane and / or Undaria pinnatifida extract in an amount of at least 0.5% (w / w) of the total composition, for example at least 1% (w / w) of the total composition, more suitably at least 1.5% (w / w) of the total composition, most suitably a least 2% (w / w) of the total composition. Typically, the topical cosmetic skincare composition of the present invention comprises one or more of squalane and / or Undaria pinnatifida extract in an amount of at most 5% (w / w) of the total composition, for example at most 4% (w / w) of the total composition, more suitably at most 3% (w / w) of the total composition. In some embodiments, the squalane and / or Undaria pinnatifida extract may comprise from 0.5% to 5% (w / w) of the total composition, typically from 0.5% to 4% (w / w) of the total composition, for example from 1% to 3% (w / w) of the total composition, suitably from 2% to 3% (w / w) of the total composition. In an exemplified embodiment, the topical cosmetic skincare composition of the present invention comprises one or more prebiotics in an amount of around 2% (w / w) of the total composition, more specifically 1.98 (w / w). In embodiments where two or more prebiotics are present, each individual prebiotic may be present in equal or unequal amounts or proportions provided that the total w / w amount falls within the range of the total amount of the prebiotic stated above. Postbiotics are non-viable or non-living or dead microorganisms or substances of microbial origin such as components of microorganisms, metabolites or other by-products which confer a benefit to the host. Postbiotics include postbiotics with a prebiotic effect, i.e. postbiotics that induce bacterial growth, or postbiotics that are, or comprise, nutrients or food for bacteria that are beneficial to the microbiome (probiotics). Postbiotics may be dead probiotics (for example if a particular microorganism was alive it may be considered a probiotic, but when dead it is considered a postbiotic). Postbiotics with a prebiotic effect may include non-living or dead microorganisms that induce bacterial growth. In embodiments of the invention, the one or more postbiotic is one or more postbiotic with prebiotic effect. Examples of suitable postbiotics with a prebiotic effect include one or more strains of Saccharomyces, one or more strains of AcetobacterXylinium, black tea ferment, one or more strains of Lactobacillus and Pseudoalteromonas Ferment Extract. In preferred embodiments of the invention, the Lactobacillus present in the composition is dead (non-viable, non-living) Lactobacillus. The Lactobacillus may be any dermatologically acceptable strain of Lactobacillus. Examples of suitable dermatologically acceptable strains of Lactobacillus include Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus pentosus, for example Lactobacillus plantarum PBS067, Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRH020, Lactobacillus reuteri PBS072 and Lactobacillus acidophilus PBS066. In preferred embodiments, the Lactobacillus is Lactobaillus rhamnosus, suitably Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRH020. The topical cosmetic skincare composition of the invention comprises Lactobacillus as a first postbiotic, and may comprise a second postbiotic. In some embodiments, when present, the second postbiotic is a second strain of Lactobacillus, wherein the second strain of Lactobacillus is not the same as the Lactobacillus strain of the first postbiotic. In other embodiments, when present, the second postbiotic does not comprise Lactobacillus. For example, the second postbiotic may be selected from one or more strains of Saccharomyces, one or more strains of Acetobacter Xylinium, black tea ferment, or Pseudoalteromonas Ferment Extract. In some embodiments, the second postbiotic may be a mixture of Saccharomyces, Acetobactor Xylinium and black tea ferment. In some embodiments, the second postbiotic may be Pseudoalteromonas Ferment Extract. In some embodiments of the invention, the topical composition comprises three or more postbiotics, wherein one of the postbiotics is Lactobacillus, suitably Lactobacillus rhamnosus, suitably Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRH020. In such embodiments, the second and third postbiotics may be selected from one or more strains of Saccharomyces, one or more strains of Acetobacter Xylinium, black tea ferment, a different strain of Lactobacillus and Pseudoalteromonas Ferment Extract or any combination thereof. In other embodiments, the second and third postbiotics may be selected from one or more strains of Saccharomyces, one or more strains of Acetobacter, Xylinium, black tea ferment, and Pseudoalteromonas Ferment Extract. In some embodiments where the topical composition comprises three or more postbiotics, the second postbiotic may be Pseudoalteromonas Ferment Extract. For example, the second postbiotic may be Pseudoalteromonas Ferment Extract and the third postbiotic may be selected from one or more strains of Saccharomyces, one or more strains of Acetobacter Xylinium, or black tea ferment. Typically, the composition of the present invention comprises the one or more (for example one or two) postbiotics, suitably postbiotics with a prebiotic effect, in an amount of at least 0.5% (w / w) of the total composition, for example at least 1% (w / w) of the total composition, suitably at least 1.5% (w / w). Typically, the composition of the present invention comprises the one or more (for example one or two) postbiotics, suitably postbiotics with prebiotic effect, in an amount of at most 6% (w / w) of the total composition, for example at most 5% (w / w) of the total composition, suitably at most 4% (w / w), more suitably, at most 3.5% (w / w). In some embodiments, the one or more (for example one or two) postbiotics, suitably postbiotics with prebiotic effect, may comprise from 0.5% to 6% (w / w) of the total composition, typically from 1% to 5% (w / w) of the total composition, for example from 1.5% to 4% (w / w) of the total composition, preferably from 2% to 3.5% (w / w) of the total composition. In embodiments, wherein the first postbiotic is Lactobacillus, suitably Lactobacillus rhamnosus, suitably Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRH020, it is present in the composition as a first postbiotic in an amount of at least 0.005% (w / w) of the total composition, suitably, 0.008% (w / w) of the total composition, suitably 0.01% (w / w) of the total composition. Suitably, wherein the first postbiotic is Lactobacillus, suitably Lactobacillus rhamnosus, suitably Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRH020, it is present in the composition as a first postbiotic in an amount of at most 2% (w / w) of the total composition, suitably, 1.5% (w / w) of the total composition, suitably 1% (w / w) of the total composition. Suitably, wherein the first postbiotic is Lactobacillus, suitably Lactobacillus rhamnosus, suitably Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRH020, it is present in the composition as a first postbiotic in an amount of from 0.005% to 2% (w / w) of the total composition, for example from 0.008% to 1% (w / w) of the total composition, preferably from 0.01% to 1% (w / w) of the total composition. In embodiments where three or more postbiotics are present, each individual postbiotic may be present in equal or unequal amounts or proportions provided that the total w / w amount falls within the range of the total amount of the postbiotic stated above. As used herein, a dermatologically acceptable solvent means a component that is suitable for dissolving or dispersing all of the ingredients in the topical cosmetic skincare composition. The ingredients may dissolve in (solubilise) or be suspended in (suspension) or form an emulsion with the dermatologically acceptable solvent. The term “dermatologically acceptable” means a substance that is suitable for use on the skin, i.e. does not irritate or cause a reaction when applied to the skin, and provides for desired properties such as absorption, coating etc. The dermatologically acceptable solvent of the present invention may be a single component. The dermatologically acceptable solvent of the present invention may comprise more than one substance (for example two or more, or three or more). Suitably the components that form the dermatologically acceptable solvent of the present invention are selected from water, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, pentylene glycol, propanediol, glycerol. Typically, the dermatologically acceptable solvent comprises one or more of water, pentylene glycol, and propanediol. In preferred embodiments, the dermatologically acceptable solvent comprises water. In one embodiment, the dermatologically acceptable solvent comprises (or consists of) water, pentylene glycol, and propanediol. In embodiments, the topical cosmetic skincare composition comprises the dermatologically acceptable solvent in an amount of more than 40% (w / w) of the total composition, for example more than 50% (w / w) of the total composition, suitably more than 65% (w / w) of the total composition. In embodiments, the topical cosmetic skincare composition comprises the dermatologically acceptable solvent in an amount of up to 90% (w / w) of the total composition, for example up to 80% (w / w) of the total composition, suitably up to 75% (w / w) of the total composition. For example, the topical cosmetic skincare composition comprises the dermatologically acceptable solvent in an amount from 50% to 90% (w / w) of the total composition, typically from 60% to 80% (w / w) of the total composition, more usually from 65% to 75% (w / w) of the total composition. In some embodiments, water is the main constituent of the dermatologically acceptable solvent. For example, water may constitute at least 60% (w / w) of the dermatologically acceptable solvent, or at least 70% (w / w), typically at least 80% (w / w) of the dermatologically acceptable solvent. The topical composition may comprise one or more further additives to impart desired properties on the composition of the present invention. Such additives may provide for improved or optimal mixing of the components in the dermatologically acceptable solvent; the desired viscosity; fragrance; shelflife; pH etc. In embodiments, the additives of the present invention may be selected from the group consisting of: emulsifiers; preservatives; moisture-increasing components; film-forming agents; pH adjusting agents; fragrances / colourings, and combinations thereof. In embodiments, one of the one or more additives of the present invention is an emulsifier. Any emulsifier suitable for use in topical skin formulations is contemplated. Examples of suitable emulsifiers include Sorbitan Laurate, C18-20 Glycol Isostearate and Glyceryl Caprylate. In preferred embodiments the topical composition comprises one or more (for example two or more) of Sorbitan Laurate, C18-20 Glycol Isostearate and Glyceryl Caprylate. In some embodiments, the topical composition comprises Sorbitan Laurate, C18-20 Glycol Isostearate and Glyceryl Caprylate. When present, the topical cosmetic skincare composition of the present invention comprises one or more emulsifiers in an amount of at least 3% (w / w) of the total composition, suitably at least 4% (w / w), suitably at least 5% (w / w), suitably at least 6% (w / w) of the total composition. In embodiments, the topical cosmetic skincare composition of the present invention comprises one or more emulsifiers in an amount of at most 12% (w / w) of the total composition, suitably at most 10% (w / w), suitably at most 9% (w / w). In embodiments, the topical cosmetic skincare composition of the present invention comprises one or more emulsifiers in an amount from 3% to 12% (w / w) of the total composition, for example from 5% to 10% (w / w) of the total composition, preferably from 6% to 9% (w / w) of the total composition. In embodiments where two or more emulsifiers are present, each individual emulsifier is present in equal or unequal amounts or proportions provided that the total w / w amount falls within the range of the total amount of the emulsifier stated above. The topical composition may comprise one or more preservatives that prolong the shelf-life and / or appearance of the composition. Suitable preservatives include propanediol, pentylene glycol, caprylyl glycol, sodium benzoate, and potassium sorbate. Typically, two or more, or three or more of the above-mentioned preservatives are present in the composition. When present, the topical cosmetic skincare composition of the present invention comprises one or more preservatives in an amount of at least 2% (w / w) of the total composition, suitably at least 3% (w / w), suitably at least 5% (w / w). In embodiments, the topical cosmetic skincare composition of the present invention comprises one or more preservatives in an amount of at most 15% (w / w) of the total composition, suitably at most 12% (w / w). In embodiments, the topical cosmetic skincare composition of the present invention comprises one or more preservatives in an amount from 2% to 15% (w / w) of the total composition, for example from 3% to 12% (w / w) of the total composition, preferably from 5% to 12% (w / w) of the total composition. The topical composition may further comprise one or more components designed to increase the moisture content of the skin (also referred to as moisturisers or moisture-increasing components). Moisture-increasing components include among other components, emollients and / or humectants. Emollients are components that form a protective film on the skin to trap in moisture. Humectants are components that are hygroscopic and draw water into the skin from deeper layers of the skin or from the air. Examples of suitable moisture-increasing components that may be used in the present invention include glycerin, pentylene glycol, propanediol, propylheptyl caprylate, squalane, Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter, caprylyl glycol, 1,2-hexanediol and glyceryl caprylate. Typically, two or more, or three or more, for example four or more, or five or more of the above-mentioned moisture increasing components are present in the composition. When present, the topical cosmetic skincare composition of the present invention comprises one or more moisture-increasing components in an amount of at least 10% (w / w) of the total composition, suitably at least 15% (w / w), suitably at least 20% (w / w). In embodiments, the topical cosmetic skincare composition of the present invention comprises one or more moisture-increasing components in an amount of at most 40% (w / w) of the total composition, suitably at most 35% (w / w), suitably at most 20% (w / w). In embodiments, the topical cosmetic skincare composition of the present invention comprises one or more moisture-increasing components in an amount of from 10% to 40% (w / w) of the total composition, for example from 15% to 35% (w / w) of the total composition, preferably from 20% to 30% (w / w) of the total composition. The topical composition may further comprise one or more film forming agents. The film forming agents may for example be selected from maltodextrin and sodium polyacrylate. In some embodiments, the topical composition comprises both maltodextrin and sodium polyacrylate. When present, the topical cosmetic skincare composition of the present invention comprises one or more film forming agents in an amount of at least 0.5% (w / w) of the total composition, suitably at least 1% (w / w). In embodiments, the topical cosmetic skincare composition of the present invention comprises one or more film forming agents in an amount of at most 3% (w / w) of the total composition, suitably at most 2% (w / w). In embodiments, the topical cosmetic skincare composition of the present invention comprises one or more film forming agents in an amount of from 0.5% to 3% (w / w) of the total composition, for example from 1% to 2% (w / w) of the total composition. The topical composition may further comprise one or more pH adjusters that adjust the pH of the composition to a desired or pre-determined level. The pH adjuster may for example be selected from a carbomer (acrylic acid polymers), sodium hydroxide and citric acid. In some embodiments, the topical composition comprises two or more or all three of the above-mentioned pH adjusters. When present, the topical cosmetic skincare composition of the present invention comprises one or more pH adjusters in an amount of at least 0.1% (w / w) of the total composition, suitably at least 0.2% (w / w). In embodiments, the topical cosmetic skincare composition of the present invention comprises one or more pH adjusters in an amount of at most 1% (w / w) of the total composition, suitably at most 0.8% (w / w). In embodiments, the topical cosmetic skincare composition of the present invention comprises one or more pH adjusters in an amount of from 0.1% to 1% (w / w) of the total composition, for example from 0.2% to 0.8% (w / w) of the total composition. The topical cosmetic skincare compositions may optionally comprise a fragrance (also referred to as parfum). The fragrance may suitably comprise Coumarin. When present, the topical cosmetic skincare composition of the present invention comprises a fragrance in an amount of at least 0.2% (w / w) of the total composition, suitably at least 0.4% (w / w). In embodiments, the topical cosmetic skincare composition of the present invention comprises a fragrance in an amount of at most 2 % (w / w) of the total composition, suitably at most 1% (w / w). In embodiments, the topical cosmetic skincare composition of the present invention comprises a fragrance in an amount of from 0.2% to 2% (w / w) of the total composition, for example from 0.4% to 1% (w / w) of the total composition. In some embodiments additional components may be added to allow bulk manufacturing of the composition. Suitable components may include linalyl acetate, acetyl cedrene, alpha-damascone and terpinolene. The nature and amount of such components may vary between batches of the topical skincare composition. Typically, such components are present in the topical skincare composition only in trace amounts. Typically, such components do not have a function in the topical skincare composition beyond allowing bulk manufacturing of the skincare composition. The topical cosmetic skincare composition may comprise one or more other components, selected from the list comprising: (a) Argania Spinosa Kernel Oil; (b) Corylus Avellana (Hazelnut) Seed Oil; (c) Camellia Oleifera Seed Oil; (d) Phytosterols; (e) A chelating agent such as Sodium Phytate; (f) Polyglutamic acid; (g) Tocopheryl acetate; (h) A thickener such as Xantham gum; (i) Helianthus Annus (Sunflower) Seed Oil; (j) Ubiquinone; (k) Acetyl Hexapeptide-1; and (I) Acetyl sh-hexapeptide-5 amide acetate. In some embodiments, the topical cosmetic skincare composition may comprise three or more (for example five or more) of the above components (a) to (n). In other embodiments, the composition may comprise eight or more (for example ten or more) of the above components (a) to (n). In some embodiments, the topical cosmetic skincare composition comprises: (i) two or more prebiotics; (ii) three or more postbiotics, suitably three or more postbiotics with a prebiotic effect, wherein a first of the three or more postbiotics is Lactobacillus, suitably Lactobacillus rhamnosus, suitably Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRH020; and (iii) a dermatologically acceptable solvent. In some embodiments, the topical cosmetic skincare composition comprises: (i) one or more prebiotic; (ii) two or more postbiotics, suitably two or more postbiotics with a prebiotic effect, wherein a first of the two or more postbiotics is Lactobacillus, suitably Lactobacillus rhamnosus, suitably Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRH020; (iii) a dermatologically acceptable solvent; (iv) one or more of the following additional components: a. an emulsifier, b. a preservative; and / or c. a moisture-in creasing component. In some embodiments, the composition comprises two or more of an emulsifier, a preservative and a moisture-increasing component. In some embodiments, the composition comprises an emulsifier, a preservative and a moisture-increasing component. In some embodiments, the topical cosmetic skincare composition comprises: (i) one or more prebiotics; (ii) two or more postbiotics, suitably two or more postbiotics with a prebiotic effect, wherein a first of the two or more postbiotics is Lactobacillus; (iii) a dermatologically acceptable solvent; (iv) one or more of the following additional components: a. an emulsifier, b. a preservative; c. a moisture-increasing component; d. a film forming agent; and / or e. a pH adjuster. In some embodiments, the topical cosmetic skincare composition comprises two or more (for example, three or more) of an emulsifier, a preservative, a moisture-increasing component, a film forming agent and a pH adjuster. In some embodiments, the composition comprises an emulsifier, a preservative and a moisture-increasing component and one or both of a film-forming agent and / or a pH adjuster. In some embodiments, the topical cosmetic skincare composition comprises: (i) one or more prebiotics; (ii) two or more postbiotics, suitably two or more postbiotics with a prebiotic effect, wherein a first of the two or more postbiotics is Lactobacillus; (iii) a dermatologically acceptable solvent; (iv) one or more of the following additional components: a. an emulsifier, b. a preservative; c. a moisture-in creasing component; d. a film forming agent; and / or e. a pH adjuster; (v) one or more of the following other components: a. Argania Spinosa Kernel Oil; b. Corylus Avellana (Hazelnut) Seed Oil; c. Camellia Oleifera Seed Oil; d. Phytosterols; e. A chelating agent such as Sodium Phytate; f. Polyglutamic acid; g. Tocopheryl acetate; h. A thickener such as Xantham gum; i. Helianthus Annus (Sunflower) Seed Oil; j. Ubiquinone; k. Acetyl Hexapeptide-1; and I. Acetyl sh-hexapeptide-5 amide acetate. In some embodiments, the topical cosmetic skincare composition comprises one or more additional components (iv) and three or more additional components (v). In some embodiments, the topical cosmetic skincare composition comprises three or more additional components (iv) and three or more (for example five or more) additional components (v). In some embodiments, the topical cosmetic skincare composition comprises three or more additional components (iv) and eight or more (for example ten or more) additional components (v). It is noted that a number of the components listed above have more than one function in the composition and are therefore listed in more than one of the above categories of components. Such components can therefore contribute to the total amount of more than one type of component in the composition. As such, it is possible for the total amount of all component types (e.g. prebiotic, postbiotic, solvent, preservative, moisturiser etc.) to be greater than 100% without error. For example, one or more moisture increasing components may be present in an amount of 25% (w / w) of the total composition and one or more preservatives may be present in an amount of 5% of the total composition, whilst other components comprise 75% of the total composition. It may appear that this totals 105% which is not possible. However, pentylene glycol is both a moisture increasing component and a preservative. Therefore if 5% pentylene glycol is present in the composition, this contributes to the required 25% moisture increasing components and also meets the requirement for 5% preservative and consequently there is no error. The topical composition is for application to the skin, typically human skin. As such, the topical composition may be formulated in any means suitable for application to the skin, e.g. a cream, gel, lotion, spray, foam etc. The invention also provides a method of improving the appearance of the skin, the method comprising applying to the skin an effective amount of the topical composition as described above. The method may comprise regular application of an effective amount of the topical composition over a period of time. For example, daily application of the topical composition for a period of at least 30 days, for example at least 40 days. EXAMPLES Example 1 - Skin Cream 1 A skin cream comprising the following ingredients was prepared: Aqua (Water), Glycerin, Niacinamide, Pentylene Glycol, Sorbitan Laurate, Propanediol, C18-20 Glycol Isostearate, Saccharomyces / Xylinum / BlackTea Ferment, Propylheptyl Caprylate, Squalane, Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter, Argania Spinosa Kernel Oil, Corylus Avellana (Hazelnut) Seed Oil, Maltodextrin, Parfum, Camellia Oleifera Seed Oil, Carbomer, Caprylyl Glycol,1,2-Hexanediol, Sodium Polyacrylate, Phytosterols, Sodium Phytate, Tocopherol, Sodium Hydroxide, Polyglutamic Acid, Tocopheryl Acetate, Undaria Pinnatifida Extract, Xanthan Gum, Glyceryl Caprylate, Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil, Lactobacillus, Sodium Benzoate, Potassium Sorbate, Ubiquinone, Acetyl Hexapeptide-1, Pseudoalteromonas Ferment Extract, Acetyl Sh-Hexapeptide-5 Amide Acetate, Citric Acid. The ingredients are present in the amounts as defined above. Example 2 - Skin Cream 2 A skin cream was prepared with the following composition. Ingredient Amount (% w / w) Water 45% to 75% Glycerin 3% to 7% Niacinamide 3% to 7% Pentylene Glycol 3% to 7% Sorbitan Laurate 3% to 8% Propanediol 2% to 6% C18-20 Glycol Isostearate 1 % to 5% Saccharomyces / Xylinum / Black Tea Ferment 0.5% 5% Propylheptyl Caprylate 0.5% to 4% Squalane 0.5% to 4% Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter 0.5% to 3.5% Argania Spinosa Kernel Oil 0.5% to 3% Corylus Avellana (Hazelnut) Seed Oil 0.5% to 3% Maltodextrin 0.5% to 3% Parfum (Fragrance) 0.2% to 2% Camellia Oleifera Seed Oil 0.2% to 1% Carbomer 0.2% to 1% Caprylyl Glycol 0.05% to 1% 1,2-Hexanediol 0.05% to 1% Sodium Polyacrylate 0.05% to 1% Phytosterols 0.01% to 0.5% Sodium Phytate 0.01% to 0.5% Tocopherol 0.01% to 0.5% Sodium Hydroxide 0.01% to 0.5% Polyglutamic Acid 0.01% to 0.5% Tocopheryl Acetate 0.005% to 0.5% Undaria Pinnatifida Extract 0.005% to 0.5% Xanthan Gum 0.005% to 0.5% Glyceryl Caprylate 0.005% to 0.5% Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil 0.005% to 0.5% Lactobacillus 0.005% to 2% Sodium Benzoate 0.005% to 0.5% Potassium Sorbate 0.005% to 0.5% Ubiquinone 0.005% to 0.5% Acetyl Hexapeptide-1 0.0005% to 0.05% Pseudoalteromonas Ferment Extract 0.0005% to 0.05% Acetyl sh-Hexapeptide-5 Amide Acetate 0.0005% to 0.05% Citric Acid 0.00005% to 0.005% The skin cream may further comprise trace amounts of other components, for example components that enable bulk manufacturing of the skin cream. For example, trace amounts of one or more of linalyl acetate, acetyl cedrene, alpha-damascone and terpinolene may be present in the skin cream. Example 3 - Manufacture of Skin Cream A skin cream with a composition as defined in Example 3 was made by the following method: 1. Water, sodium phytate, propanediol, glycerin, pentylene glycol, caprylyl glycol, 1,2-hexandediol, sodium benzoate, citric acid, niacinamide, maltodextrin and Lactobacillus were mixed for 5 minutes at 80°C. 2. Carbomer was added and the mixture was homogenised for 25 minutes at 80°C. 3. Sodium polyacrylate was added and the mixture was homogenised for 10 minutes at 80°C. 4. Sodium laurate, C18-20 glycol isostearate, butyrospermum parkii (shea) butter, polyheptyl caprylate, tocopherol, Corylus avellana (hazelnut) seed oil, argania spinosa kernel oil, camelia oleifera seed oil, squalene and helianthus annus (sunflower) seed oil were melted together at 80°C and emulsified. 5. The resulting mixtures of steps 3 and 4 were combined and homogenised for 20 minutes at 80°C before cooling to 55°C. 6. Once the mixture was at 55°C, aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was added and the mixture was homogenised for 5 minutes. 7. Squalane, tocopheryl acetate and ubiquinone were added and the mixture was homogenised for 5 minutes. 8. The temperature of the mixture was reduced to 30°C and then glycerin, water, polyglutamic acid, saccharomyces / xylinium / blacktea ferment, potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, undaria pinnatifida extract, caprylyl glycol, acetyl hexapeptide-1, propanediol, phytosterols, xantham gum, glyceryl caprylate and pseudoalteromonas ferment extract were added. The mixture was homogenised for 10 minutes. 9. Acetyl sh-hexapeptide-5 amide acetate and water were pre-solubilised and then added to the mixture before homogenising for 5 minutes. 10. Parfum was added. Trace amounts of linalyl acetate, acetyl cedrene, alpha-damascone and terpinolene were added as required and the mixture was homogenised for 5 minutes. 11. When necessary, the pH was adjusted by adding citric acid and water. 12. The resulting skin cream was then packaged. Example 4 - Use of Skin Cream A skin cream produced according to Example 3 was provided to 21 participants in a study, aged 60-74. The participants used the skin cream twice daily for 42 days. Candidates also used a mild cleanser containing no harsh preservatives. Expert grading of 2D images of each participants’ skin was carried out prior to the start of the study (day 0) and at day 42. This expert grading provided the following unexpected results: • 55% positive difference in pore size / rebalances skin, • 71.4% positive difference in glow / radiance, • 66.7% positive difference in skin tone homogeneity (including age spots and redness), • 72.2% positive difference in skin surface / crepiness. Example 5 - In vivo skin microbiome study A group of 21 participants, age 60-74, applied a skin cream according to Example 3 to their forehead skin once in the morning and once in the evening for 42 days. Candidates also used a mild cleanser containing no harsh preservatives. Skin microbiome samples were collected from the forehead at the start of the study (day 0) and at day 42. Targeted skin microbiome detection was then carried out on the samples via quantitative PCR (qPCR). This analysis enables quantification of specific microbial species or strains present on the skin before and after application for 42 days of the skin cream. The amount of Lactobacillus spp present in the samples was measured using qPCR and was found to increase by an average of 360% from day 0 to day 42 (p value <0.01). This is also demonstrated by Figure 1. The amount of S.hominis present in the samples was found to increase by an average of 150% from day 0 to day 42 (see Figure 2). The amount of C.striatum present in the samples was found to increase by an average of 100% from day 0 to day 42 (see Figure 3). The amount of C. tuberculostearicum present in the samples was found to decrease by an average of 83.9% from day 0 to day 42 (see Figure 4). It is noted that Lactobacillus spp, S.hominis, and C.striatum are all beneficial to the skin, whilst C. tuberculostearicum is considered detrimental to the skin. Consequently, the results demonstrate improvements to the skin’s microbiome for all bacteria measured.

Claims

1. A topical cosmetic skincare composition comprising:(i) one or more prebiotics;(ii) one or more postbiotics, wherein one of the one or more postbiotics is Lactobacillus; and (iii) a dermatologically acceptable solvent.

2. The topical cosmetic skincare composition according to claim 1, comprising two or more postbiotics, wherein a first of the two or more postbiotics is Lactobacillus.

3. The topical cosmetic skincare composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the postbiotics are postbiotics with a prebiotic effect.

4. The topical cosmetic skincare composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the one or more prebiotics is selected from the group consisting of: squalane, olive oil, rice bran oil, and Undaria pinnatifida (brown macroalgae) extract, Sargassum horneri, niacinamide and tocopherol; or a combination thereof; for example wherein the one or more prebiotics is squalane and / or Undaria Pinnatifida Extract.

5. The topical cosmetic skincare composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the composition comprises a second postbiotic, and wherein the second postbiotic is selected from the group consisting of: one or more strains of Saccharomyces; one or more strains of Acetobacter Xylinium; black tea ferment; one or more strains of Lactobacillus that differs from the strain of the first of the two or more postbiotics; and Pseudoalteromonas Ferment Extract.

6. The topical cosmetic skincare composition according to claim 5, wherein the composition comprises one or more strains of Saccharomyces; one or more strains of Acetobacter Xylinium; black tea ferment and Pseudoalteromonas Ferment Extract.

7. The topical cosmetic skincare composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the Lactobacillus is Lactobaillus rhamnosus, for example Lactobaillus rhamnosus LRH020.

8. The topical cosmetic skincare composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the one or more prebiotics is present in the composition in an amount of from 0.5% to 5% (w / w) of the total composition.

9. The topical cosmetic skincare composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the one or more postbiotics is present in the composition in an amount of from 0.5% to 6% (w / w) of the total composition.

10. The topical cosmetic skincare composition according to claim 9, wherein the Lactobacillus is present in the composition in an amount of from 0.005% to 2% (w / w) of the total composition.

11. The topical cosmetic skincare composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the dermatologically acceptable solvent is present in the composition in an amount from 50% (w / w) to 90% (w / w).

12. The topical cosmetic skincare composition of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the dermatologically acceptable solvent comprises one or more of water, pentylene glycol, and propanediol.

13. The topical cosmetic skincare composition according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the composition further comprises an emulsifier selected from Sorbitan Laurate, C18-20 Glycol Isostearate and Glyceryl Caprylate.

14. The topical cosmetic skincare composition according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the composition further comprises an emulsifier in an amount of from 3% to 12% of the total composition.

15. The topical cosmetic skincare composition according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the composition further comprises a preservative selected from propanediol, pentylene glycol, caprylyl glycol, sodium benzoate, and potassium sorbate.

16. The topical cosmetic skincare composition according to any one of claims 1 to 15, comprising a preservative in an amount of from 2% to 15% (w / w) of the total composition.

17. The topical cosmetic skincare composition according to any one of claims 1 to 16, comprising one or more moisture increasing components selected from glycerin, pentylene glycol, propanediol, propylheptyl caprylate, squalane, Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter, caprylyl glycol, 1,2-hexanediol and glyceryl caprylate.

18. The topical cosmetic skincare composition according to any one of claims 1 to 17, comprising one or more moisture increasing components in an amount of from 10% to 40% (w / w) of the total composition.

19. The topical cosmetic skincare composition according to any one of claims 1 to 18, comprising one or more film forming agents and / or one or more pH adjusters.

20. The topical cosmetic skincare composition according to any one of claims 1 to 19, further comprising one or more other components selected from the list comprising:(a) Argania Spinosa Kernel Oil;(b) Corylus Avellana (Hazelnut) Seed Oil;(c) Camellia Oleifera Seed Oil;(d) Phytosterols;(e) A chelating agent such as Sodium Phytate;(f) Polyglutamic acid;(g) Tocopheryl acetate;(h) A thickener such as Xantham gum;(i) Helianthus Annus (Sunflower) Seed Oil;(j) Ubiquinone;(k) Acetyl Hexapeptide-1; and(I) Acetyl sh-hexapeptide-5 amide acetate.

21. The topical cosmetic skincare composition according to any one of claims 1 to 20, comprising:(i) one or more prebiotics in an amount of from 0.5% to 4% (w / w) of the total composition;(ii) two or more postbiotics with a prebiotic effect, wherein a first of the two or more postbiotics is Lactobacillus and wherein the total amount of postbiotic present in the composition is from 0.5% to 6% (w / w) of the total composition;(ill) a dermatologically acceptable solvent in an amount of from 50% to 90% (w / w) of the total composition.

22. Atopical skincare composition comprising:Ingredient Amount (% w / w) Water 45% to 75% Glycerin 3% to 7% Niacinamide 3% to 7% Pentylene Glycol 3% to 7% Sorbitan Laurate 3% to 8% Propanediol 2% to 6% 018-20 Glycol Isostearate 1 % to 5% Saccharomyces / Xylinum / Black Tea Ferment 0.5% 5% Propylheptyl Caprylate 0.5% to 4% Squalane 0.5% to 4% Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter 0.5% to 3.5% Argania Spinosa Kernel Oil 0.5% to 3%Corylus Avellana (Hazelnut) Seed Oil 0.5% to 3% Maltodextrin 0.5% to 3% Parfum (Fragrance) 0.2% to 2% Camellia Oleifera Seed Oil 0.2% to 1% Carbomer 0.2% to 1% Caprylyl Glycol 0.05% to 1% 1,2-Hexanediol 0.05% to 1% Sodium Polyacrylate 0.05% to 1% Phytosterols 0.01% to 0.5% Sodium Phytate 0.01% to 0.5% Tocopherol 0.01% to 0.5% Sodium Hydroxide 0.01% to 0.5% Polyglutamic Acid 0.01% to 0.5% Tocopheryl Acetate 0.005% to 0.5% Undaria Pinnatifida Extract 0.005% to 0.5% Xanthan Gum 0.005% to 0.5% Glyceryl Caprylate 0.005% to 0.5% Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil 0.005% to 0.5% Lactobacillus 0.005% to 2% Sodium Benzoate 0.005% to 0.5% Potassium Sorbate 0.005% to 0.5% Ubiquinone 0.005% to 0.5% Acetyl Hexapeptide-1 0.0005% to 0.05% Pseudoalteromonas Ferment Extract 0.0005% to 0.05% Acetyl sh-Hexapeptide-5 Amide Acetate 0.0005% to 0.05% Citric Acid 0.00005% to 0.005%23. A method of preparing the topical cosmetic skincare composition of any one of claims 1 to 22, the method comprising combining:(i) one or more prebiotics;(ii) one or more postbiotics, wherein one of the postbiotics is Lactobacillus; and(iii) a dermatologically acceptable solvent;to provide the topical cosmetic skincare composition.

24. A method of improving the appearance of the skin, the method comprising applying to the skin an effective amount of the topical cosmetic skincare composition of any one of claims 1 to 22.

25. Use of the topical cosmetic skincare composition of any one of claims 1 to 22, as a cosmetic treatment to improve the appearance of skin.

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