Oral hydration solution

Abstract

An oral hydration solution is disclosed comprising sulphate anions (SO42-) in an amount greater than 500 mg / L and compositions suitable for forming such oral hydration solutions. The solution comprise

Description

Technical Field The present invention relates to an oral hydration solution comprising sulphate anions (SO42') in an amount greater than 500 mg / L and compositions suitable for forming oral hydration solutions. The present invention also relates to methods of forming oral hydration solutions comprising sulphate anions (SO42') in an amount greater than 500 mg / L. Further, the present invention includes the use of such oral hydration solutions in sports recovery. Background The term “functional foods” encompasses foods, beverages or dietary supplements which provide a health benefit beyond basic nutrition. Examples of functional foods include fortified or modified foods and beverages, isolated or synthesised food or drink components, and dietary supplements. Functional foods may also include natural food or drink products providing a particular health benefit. Functional foods commonly comprise a bioactive component, such as nutrients (vitamins, minerals, protein, etc.) or nonnutrients (phytochemicals including polyphenols, prebiotic dietary fibres, etc.) that affect one or more physiological functions in the body to improve health and well-being, prevent or reduce disease and / or reduce or alleviate symptoms of medical conditions. As consumers are becoming more aware of the benefits of a healthier diet, there has been a renewed interest in the use of food and drink as medicine and as an aid to improve performance and enhance recovery from physical activity and participation in sport. For example, solutions comprising sulphate anions (SO42-) have been shown to be useful in the treatment of numerous medical conditions. In particular, Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 10 (2020), pages 320 to 326 and Clinical Cases in Mineral and Bone Metabolism 2016; 13(3), pages 173 to 180, disclose the use of sulphate mineral waters for the treatment of gastroenteric, musculoskeletal, skin and respiratory disorders. Accordingly, food and beverages which naturally contain higher amounts of sulphate ions or products which have been modified to incorporate higher amounts of these anions may be useful in the treatment or prevention of such conditions. Functional beverages also provide an efficient means of hydrating and reintegrating electrolytes, carbohydrates, and other nutrients used and / or lost during periods of physical training or exercise. Accordingly, athletes commonly drink sports beverages specifically designed for the regulation of body fluid and the maintenance of a balanced electrolyte concentration through fast rehydration processes. In general, electrolytes which require replacing or replenishing typically include sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, phosphate and sulphate. Functional beverages may comprise higher amounts of these salts in order to reduce recovery time. As discussed above, the use of sulphate anions in order to improve general health is currently known. For example, WO 89 / 09604 discloses an orally administered dietary mineral supplement comprising sulphate ions, wherein the dietary mineral supplement is selected from a group consisting of calcium sulphate, magnesium sulphate, potassium sulphate, sodium sulphate, iron sulphate, copper sulphate, zinc sulphate, manganese sulphate and mixtures thereof. The daily amount of sulphate ions provided is at least 0.25 grams. Similarly, WO 2017 / 220220 defines a nutritional supplement comprising a) mineral components; b) vitamin components and c) plant extract components. The mineral component a) preferably comprises a physiologically digestible zinc salt, in a particular zinc sulphate, such as zinc sulphate hydrate, and / or a physiologically digestible magnesium salt, for example magnesium carbonate and / or physiologically digestible iron salts, such as iron gluconate. The weight fraction of the physiologically digestible zinc salt is in the range of 0.033 ±0.030 wt %. The total zinc salt provided in a single dose is 5.0 ± 4.0 mg. However, despite the above benefits, governmental bodies provide strict standard with regards to the amount of sulphate salt which can be incorporated in food and beverages manufactured. For example, the “Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality”, produced by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1993, states that the maximum amount of sulphate in drinking water should be 500 mg / L. The standards set out in the EU, although more recent (1998), provide stricter guidelines compared to those recommended by the WHO, and suggest a maximum of 250 mg / L of sulphate in water intended for human consumption. Such guidelines at least imply limitations as to the amount and type of salts which may be incorporated into food and drink products, such as functional food and drink products. Despite the increase in research relating to the use of functional foods and beverages to improve general health, assist performance and enhance recovery in the field of sports, there remains a need in the art for a more effective means of improving hydration and assisting recovery following periods of exercise or training. Description of the Invention In a first embodiment, the present invention provides an oral hydration solution comprising: a. a polyhalite of the general formula K1.5 to 2.sCai.5 to 2.slVlgo.5 to 1.5(804)3.5 to 6.5 2H2O; and / or b. a mixture of potassium sulphate (K2SO4), calcium sulphate (CaSO4) and magnesium sulphate (MgSO4), wherein the total amount of SO42' anions derived from the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate present in the oral hydration solution is greater than 500 mg / L. By way of example, the amount of sulphate anions derived from the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate present in the oral hydration solution may be greater than 750 mg / L, preferably greater than 1000 mg / L, more preferably greater than 1500 mg / L. The maximum amount of sulphate anions present will, of course, be limited by the solubility of the polyhalite and / or potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate in the selected base solution of the oral hydration solution. However, the amount of sulphate anions present in the oral hydration solution will at least be greater than 500 mg / L. Preferably, the total amount of sulphate anions derived from the polyhalite and / or a mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate present in the oral hydration solution is up to 2500 mg / L, more preferably up to 2250 mg / L, even more preferably up to 2000 mg / L. It has been surprisingly found that the use of sulphate anions derived from a polyhalite of the general formula K1.5 to 2.sCai.5 to 2.sMgo.5 to 1.5(804)3.5 to 6.5 2H2O and / or a mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate, in an amount greater than 500 mg / L provides functional nutritional benefits to the consumer, including improved glucose metabolic control, immunity support and cardiovascular benefits. Such an effect is in contrast to limitations suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO) and EU standards. In addition, no adverse medical side effects have been observed by the inventors as a result of consuming 2L daily of an oral hydration solution comprising sulphate anions in an amount greater than 500 mg / L. In some examples, the sulphate anions present are derived from a combination of polyhalite and a mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate, wherein the polyhalite and mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate may be present in a molar ratio of from 0.1: 99.9 to 99.9: 0.1, preferably a molar ratio of 20:80 to 80:20, more preferably a molar ratio of from 30:70 to 70:30, even more preferably a molar ratio of from 40:60 to 60:40, for example the molar ratio of polyhalite and mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate within the oral hydration solution may be 50:50. Reference to the molar ratio of polyhalite and mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate provided herein defines the number of moles of polyhalite in relation to the total number of moles of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate present. In some examples falling within the scope of the present invention, the sulphate anions present in the oral hydration solution may be derived from a mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate, only. As discussed above, in other examples the sulphate anions present are derived from a mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate in combination with polyhalite. In these embodiments, potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate may be present in a molar ratio of from 0.1 to 10: 0.1 to 10: 0.1 to 10, respectively, preferably 0.2 to 8: 0.2 to 8: 0.2 to 8, more preferably from 0.5 to 5: 0.5 to 5: 0.5 to 5, respectively. In particularly preferred examples, potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate are present in a molar ratio of from 1.5 to 2.5: 1.5 to 2.5: 0.5 to 1.5, respectively, preferably a molar ratio of 1.75 to 2.25:1.75 to 2.25: 0.75 to 1.25, more preferably a molar ratio of 2:2:1, respectively. The sulphate anions present in the oral hydration solution may be at least partially derived from a polyhalite of the general formula Ki.sto 2 sCai.s to 2.sMgo.sto 1.5(804)3.5 to 6.5-2H2O. In preferred examples, the polyhalite may comprise a general formula K1.75 to 2.25031.75 to 2.2sMgo.75 to 1.25(804)3.75 to 6 2H2O, even more preferably the polyhalite has the formula K2Ca2Mg(SO4)4-2H2O. The polyhalite of the general formula Ki.sto2.5Cai.5 to 2.sMgo.s 101.5(804)3.5 to 6.s 2H2O; and / or a mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate, may be dissolved in any liquid (base solution) suitable for human consumption such that the total amount of SCu2' anions derived from the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate in the base solution is greater than 500 mg / L. A suitable base solution for forming the oral hydration solution preferably comprises water in an amount of greater than 50 wt% In particular, the base solution may be selected from an aqueous-based liquid or a dairy-based liquid. By way of an example, the aqueous-based liquid may be selected from a water-based solution, a fruit-based solution ora vegetable-based solution. The water-based solution can include, but is not limited to liquid dairy alternatives, coconut water, birch water, cactus water, maple water, tea, coffee, fermented beverages, carbonated soft drinks, cordial, low or zero alcohol beverages, sports or energy drinks and, of course, water, including flavoured, still, sparkling and mineral water. Examples of liquid dairy alternatives include oat milk, almond milk, hazelnut milk, walnut milk, macadamia milk, cashew milk, pistachio milk, soy milk, coconut milk, pea milk, potato milk, hemp milk, rice milk, flax milk, and sesame milk. Examples of tea include green tea, chai tea, oolong tea, matcha tea, rooibos tea, black tea, white tea, herbal tea, including chamomile, ginger, lemongrass, peppermint, rosehips, hibiscus, fruit teas, purple tea, pu-erh tea and yellow tea. The fermented beverage may be selected from kombucha, jun tea, rejuvelac, tepache, boza, fermented vegetable juice, ginger beer, kvass and kefir. Cordials suitable for use as a base solution include strawberry, blackcurrant, raspberry, cherry, orange, blueberry, blackberry, rhubarb, grapefruit, grape, apple, pear, pineapple, pomegranate, lime, lemon, peach, plumb, melon, dragon fruit, kiwi, mango, passionfruit, nectarine, apricot, gooseberry, lychee, banana, coconut, acai berry, lemongrass, ginger, elderflower, and mint flavoured cordial. Types of low or zero alcohol beverages suitable for use in the present invention include, but are not limited to, low or zero alcohol beer, wine, and spirits, such as low or zero alcohol gin, vodka, whiskey, port, brandy, tequila, and rum. A fruit-based solution may be selected from a fruit juice or smoothie, for example comprising strawberries, blackcurrants, raspberries, cherries, oranges, blueberries, blackberries, rhubarb, grapefruit, grapes, apples, pears, pineapple, pomegranate, lime, lemon, peach, plumb, melon, dragon fruit, kiwi, mango, passionfruit, nectarines, apricots, gooseberries, lychees, banana, coconut, and acai berries. A vegetable-based solution may be selected from a vegetable juice or smoothie, for example comprising kale, spinach, cucumber, avocado, broccoli, cauliflower, sweet potatoes, butternut squash, peas, peppers, chillies, pumpkin, radish, artichoke, cabbage, celery, carrot, beetroot, courgette, arugula, endive, okra, lettuce, watercress, asparagus, aubergine, fennel, leek, tomatoes and chard. Preferably, the oral hydration solution comprises a water-based solution selected from water or a sports or energy drink, more preferably the water-based solution is mineral water. Dairy-based liquids include, but are not limited to, milk, for example produced from a cow, goat, sheep, yak, or buffalo; cream; and yoghurt. Preferably, the pH of the oral hydration solution is from 5.0 to 7.5, more preferably a pH of from 5.5 to 7.0, even more preferably a pH of from 6.0 to 7.0. In some embodiments, for example wherein the oral hydration solution comprises a fruitbased solution or the oral hydration solution comprises a water-based solution selected from fermented beverages, carbonated soft drinks, cordial, low or zero alcohol beverages, sports or energy drinks, the pH of the oral hydration solution would typically be lower than 5.0. For example the pH of the oral hydration solution may be from 2.0 to 5.0, preferably a pH of from 2.5 to 4.5. However, acidic beverages are known to cause disadvantages such as erosion of tooth enamel and gastric reflux, which can lead to other gastric complications, when consumed. Accordingly, the present oral hydration solution preferably has a pH of from 5.0 to 7.5. A pH stabilising agent may be used in order to alter or maintain the pH of the oral hydration solution within a desired range. Any pH stabilising agent which is suitable for human consumption may be used in accordance with the present invention. It is considered well within the knowledge of the skilled person within this field to select a suitable pH stabilising agent. However, particularly preferred examples of pH stabilising agents include, but are not limited to, acetic acid, citric acid, calcium acetate, fumaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, bicarbonate or a combination thereof. The oral hydration solution may comprise further additives such as one or more of sweeteners, flavourings, antioxidants, food colourings, preservatives, vitamins, minerals, proteins, amino acids, dietary fats and / or dietary fibres. Preferably, the oral hydration solution comprises at least one additive selected from sweeteners, flavourings, antioxidants, food colourings and preservatives. The sweetener may be selected from a natural sweetener or an artificial sweetener. For example, natural sweeteners may include one or more of monosaccharides, including glucose, disaccharides, such as sucrose, and steviol glycosides. Suitable artificial sweeteners which may be selected include aspartame, sucralose, neotame, alitame, glucin, acesulfame potassium, cyclamate, saccharin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, thaumatin and mixtures thereof. In some examples, the oral hydration solution may further comprise one or more natural sweeteners. Alternatively, the oral hydration solution may comprise one or more artificial sweeteners. In yet further embodiments, the oral hydration solution may comprise a combination of one or more natural sweeteners and one or more artificial sweeteners. Where the oral hydration solution comprises a natural sweetener, the solution preferably comprises at least 0.5 g / L of a natural sweetener, more preferably at least 1 g / L, even more preferably at least 5 g / L of a natural sweetener. However, the use of lower amounts of natural sweetener is also conceived as the minimum amount of natural sweetener present may at least partly depend on the base solution selected and the perceived consumer preference with regards to the level of sweetness required. The maximum amount of natural sweetener present in the oral hydration solution will be limited based on the solubility of the sweetener in the selected base solution. However, the natural sweetener is preferably present in an amount of up to 50 g / L, more preferably up to 45 g / L, even more preferably up to 40 g / L of the oral hydration solution. Artificial sweeteners typically have a much higher intensity of sweetness compared to natural sweeteners, such as glucose. As an example, artificial sweetener, saccharin, is around 300 to 400 times sweeter than sugar. Accordingly, in embodiments wherein the oral hydration solution comprises an artificial sweetener, lower amounts are required to produce the same taste profile compared to the use of natural sugars. In addition, it is generally accepted within this field that some artificial sweeteners may be hazardous to human health when consumed in large quantities. For example, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified aspartame as possibly carcinogenic to humans (IARC Group 2B), in particular, with regards to hepatocellular carcinoma, a type of liver cancer. Accordingly, the WHO recommends a maximum daily intake of 40 mg of aspartame per kilogram of body weight. Similarly, some studies have indicated that excessive consumption of sucralose can cause inflammation in the body. Over time, inflammation can lead to problems such as obesity and diabetes. As a further example, research provided in “Impact of Long-Term Cyclamate and Saccharin Consumption on Biochemical Parameters in Healthy Individuals and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients”, Medicina 2023, 59, 698, suggests that saccharin and cyclamate mixtures can induce oxidative stress in both healthy individuals and diabetic patients. The consumption of these artificial sweeteners reduces glycemic control, and can lead to an elevated risk of atherosclerosis, in addition to inducing impairments in liver and kidney function. However, it is generally accepted that the consumption of lower amounts of artificial sweeteners is safe for humans. Accordingly, in examples wherein the oral hydration solution further comprises one or more artificial sweetener(s), the total amount of artificial sweetener present is preferably less than 400 mg / L of the oral hydration solution, more preferably less than 300 mg / L of the oral hydration solution, even more preferably less than 200 mg / L of the oral hydration solution. The oral hydration solution may further comprise one or more flavourings so that the overall taste profile can be tailored to the perceived consumer preference. For example, the oral hydration solution may comprise one or more flavouring(s), such as a natural or synthetic fruit flavourings, including strawberry, blackcurrant, raspberry, cherry, orange, blueberry, blackberry, rhubarb, grapefruit, grape, apple, pear, pineapple, pomegranate, lime, lemon, peach, plumb, melon, dragon fruit, kiwi, mango, passionfruit, nectarine, apricot, gooseberry, lychee, banana, coconut, acai berry; or alternative flavourings such as vanilla, lavender oil or hydrolate; spearmint oil or hydrolate; cinnamon oil or hydrolate; peppermint oil or hydrolate; clove oil or hydrolate; bay oil or hydrolate; anise oil or hydrolate; eucalyptus oil or hydrolate; thyme oil or hydrolate; cedar leaf oil or hydrolate; nutmeg oil or hydrolate; allspice; sage oil or hydrolate; bitter almonds oil or hydrolate; and cassia oil or hydrolate. As further discussed above, the oral hydration solution may further comprise one or more antioxidants. Such antioxidants may be selected from, but are not limited to, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids including beta-carotene and lycopene, selenium, zinc, manganese, glutathione, coenzyme Q10, lipoic acid, flavonoids, phytoestrogens, polyphenolsand phenolic compounds, such as quercetin, catechins, resveratrol, coumaric acids and anthocyanins. It is well known that the consumption of antioxidants provides numerous health benefits and can reduce the risk of many diseases, including heart disease and cancer. For example, vitamin A and carotenoids have been shown to be effective in inhibiting the development of heart disease. Vitamin C stimulates the activity of white blood cells, thereby boosting the body’s immune system. Vitamin E has been linked to a reduced risk of heart disease and improved function of the immune system. Studies have indicated that the consumption of selenium can lead to an improved immune system. Zinc, manganese, phytoestrogens, polyphenols and phenolic compounds are considered to slow the development and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). It has also been suggested that zinc antioxidants may reduce the likelihood of cancer. The consumption of manganese can improve cognitive health, bone health and reduce inflammatory disorders and it has been suggested that glutathione reduces cell damage in alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has been linked to improved aging, exercise performance, heart health, diabetes, fertility and migraines. Lipoic acid is known to provide strong antioxidant properties, which may reduce inflammation and skin aging, promote healthy nerve function, lower heart disease risk factors, and slow the progression of memory loss disorders. Finally, flavonoids possess a number of medicinal benefits, including anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. In some examples, the oral hydration solution may further comprise one or more food colouring agent(s). Any suitable food colouring may be used in accordance with the present invention. In particular, the food colouring may be selected from one or more of annatto, brilliant blue FCF, canthaxanthin, caramel, carmine citrus red No. 2, cochineal, corn endosperm oil, elderberry juice, erythrosine, grape skin extract, indigo carmine, quinoline yellow, lycopene, paprika, Ponceau 4R, saffron, sunset yellow FCF, tagetes, tartrazine, titanium dioxide, and turmeric. In some examples, the oral hydration solution may further comprise a preservative to extend the shelf life of the solution formed. Any preservative suitable for human consumption may be used in accordance with the present invention. In particular, the preservative may be selected from one or more of benzoates, such as sodium benzoate and potassium benzoate; sorbates, such as potassium sorbate; sulphites, including sulphur dioxide and sulphite compounds; ascorbic acid (vitamin C); citric acid; rosemary extract; grape seed extract; green tea extract and cranberry extract. Vitamins and minerals suitable for use in the oral hydration solution include, but are not limited to, vitamin A, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, magnesium, potassium, sodium, zinc, calcium, and iron. In particular, vitamins A, C, D, E and zinc are particularly preferred as these vitamins / minerals are known to support cardiovascular function and / or the immune system as well as decreasing oxidative stress following exercise. Vitamin K is also reported as being beneficial with regards to cardiovascular function. Magnesium and vitamin B12 are known to aid recovery following exercise and potassium and sodium ease muscle cramping. Finally, oral hydration solutions further comprising calcium are preferred as calcium is required to maintain healthy bones and muscles. Proteins suitable for use in the oral hydration solution include pectin protein, pea protein, whey protein, casein protein, insect protein and / or soy protein. Amino acids and derivatives thereof which may be present in the oral hydration solution include L-alanine, L-arginine, L-asparagine, L-aspartic acid, L-citrulline, L-cysteine, L-cystine, L-histidine, L-glutamic acid,, L-glutamine, glycine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-proline, L-serine, L-threonine, L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine, L-valine, D,L-methionine, N-acetyl-L-methionine, L-camitine, taurine and creatine. The inclusion of amino acids in the oral hydration solution can provide further health benefits to the consumer, for example L-histidine and L-isoleucine are known to improve the body’s immune system and L-leucine and L-valine aid in the growth and repair of muscles. Any liquid dietary fats may be incorporated into the oral hydration solution, for example suitable dietary fats include milk, butter, cream, yoghurt, and oils, such as coconut oil, palm oil, olive oil, canola oil, almond oil, hazelnut oil and / or a combination thereof. “Research Trends in Medicinal Plants Sciences”, edited by Dr. Manzoor Hussain, volume 1, 2018, pages 1 to 16, explains that dietary fibres aid in the management of weight, provide a protective effect against certain reflux disease, duodenal ulcer, diverticulitis, obesity, diabetes, stroke, hypertension gastrointestinal diseases, constipation, haemorrhoids, colon cancer, gastroesophageal and cardiovascular diseases, assists carbohydrate metabolism, and can improve insulin sensitivity. Dietary fibres may be soluble or insoluble in water. In embodiments wherein the oral hydration solution further comprises dietary fibres which are not soluble in the selected base solution, it is preferred that the insoluble dietary fibres are present in the form of pellets, chips, agglomerates, particulates, flakes, or powder with a diameter of from 5pm to 2 mm, such as from 10pm to 1mm, preferably from 50pm to 0.5mm. It is particularly preferred that any insoluble dietary fibre present is sized or selected to have a particle size diameter of from 5pm to 0.5 mm in order to improve the overall mouthfeel of the oral hydration solution and prevent the formation of a grainy texture. Particularly, preferred dietary fibres which may be present in the oral hydration solution include, psyllium, inulin, wheat dextrin, acacia gum, calcium polycarbophil, flaxseed, methylcellulose, arabinoxylan, ora combination thereof. Where the oral hydration solution comprises a dairy-based solution, the solution may further comprise an emulsifier and / or stabiliser. Emulsifiers are known to produce a smoother, more homogenous emulsion which can improve the overall texture and mouthfeel of the oral hydration solution formed. Stabilisers can increase the viscosity (thicken) the oral hydration solution and extend the shelf life of the product. In some examples, a suitable emulsifier may be selected from lecithin, mono- and di-glycerides of fatty acids, polyglycerol esters, and sorbitan esters. Suitable stabilisers for use in the present invention may be selected from one or more of gelatin, locust bean gum, xanthan gum, sodium alginate, propylene glycol alginate (PGA), carrageenan, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). In some embodiments, in particular, wherein the oral hydration solution is in the form of a sports or energy drink, the oral hydration solution may further comprise caffeine. The total amount of additives present in the oral hydration solution formed may be from 0.1 g / L to 50 g / L, preferably from 0.5 g / L to 45g / L, more preferably from 1 g / L to 40 g / L, even more preferably from 5g / L to 35 g / L. The oral hydration solution may be a vegan oral hydration solution, wherein the base solution is selected from an aqueous-based solution and any additives present are selected from plant-based additives. In particular, a vegan oral hydration solution may further comprise plant-based materials or extracts thereof. Byway of example, the solution may further comprise plant roots, bark, beans, nuts, seeds, sap, vegetable oil, leaves, fruit, and / or flowers. Preferably, the oral hydration solution may comprise cinnamon root, coffee beans (preferably ground coffee beans), tea leaves, fruit including fruit peel, sesame seeds, birch sap, olive oil and / or rose petals or any suitable extracts therefrom. Where any of the plant-based materials or extracts thereof are insoluble in the base solution, it is preferred that plant-based materials or extracts thereof are in the form of pellets, chips, agglomerates, particulates, flakes, or powder with a diameter of from 5pm to 2 mm, such as from 10pm to 1mm, preferably from 50pm to 0.5mm. It is particularly preferred that any insoluble plant-based materials or extracts thereof are sized or selected to have a particle size diameter of from 5pm to 0.5 mm in order to improve the overall mouthfeel of the oral hydration solution and prevent the formation of a grainy texture. In a second embodiment, there is provided a composition for forming an oral hydration solution, wherein the composition comprises: a. a polyhalite of the general formula K1.5 to 2.5 Cai.s to 2.sMgo.5 to 1.5(804)3.5 to 6.5 2H2O; and / or b. a mixture of potassium sulphate (K2SO4), calcium sulphate (CaSO4) and magnesium sulphate (MgSO4), wherein the composition forms an oral hydration solution comprising a total amount of SO42' anions derived from the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate of greater than 500 mg / L. In some examples, the composition comprises a combination of polyhalite and a mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate, wherein the polyhalite and mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate are present in a molar ratio of from 0.1: 99.9 to 99.9: 0.1, preferably a molar ratio of 20:80 to 80:20, more preferably a molar ratio of from 30:70 to 70:30, even more preferably a molar ratio of from 40:60 to 60:40, for example the molar ratio of the polyhalite and mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate within the composition is 50:50. In some examples falling within the scope of the present invention, the composition may comprise a mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate, only. In other examples, the composition may comprise a mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate in combination with polyhalite. Where the composition comprises a mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate, the potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate are preferably present in a molar ratio of from 0.1 to 10: 0.1 to 10: 0.1 to 10, respectively, preferably 0.2 to 8: 0.2 to 8: 0.2 to 8, more preferably from 0.5 to 5: 0.5 to 5: 0.5 to 5, respectively. In particularly preferred examples, potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate are present in a molar ratio of from 1.5 to 2.5: 1.5 to 2.5: 0.5 to 1.5, respectively. More preferably, potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate are present in a molar ratio of 1.75 to 2.25: 1.75 to 2.25: 0.75 to 1.25, even more preferably a molar ratio of 2:2:1, respectively. In an alternative example, the composition comprises a polyhalite of the general formula Ki.5to2.5Cai.5to2.5Mgo.5toi.5(S04)3.5to65-2H20, for example the composition may comprise polyhalite only. In preferred examples, the polyhalite may comprise a general formula K1.75 to2.2sCai.75 to2.2sMgo.75 to 1.25(804)3.75to6 2H2O, even more preferably the polyhalite has the formula K2Ca2Mg(SO4)4'2H2O. The polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate may be in the form of a tablet, capsule, pellets, chips, agglomerates, particulates, flakes, or a powder. Preferably, the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate is in the form of pellets, chips, agglomerates, particulates, flakes, or a powder. In examples wherein the composition comprises i) a combination of polyhalite and a mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate or ii) a mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate, only, and wherein the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate are in the form of pellets, chips, agglomerates, particulates, flakes, or a powder, the composition may be mixed for a sufficient time to create a generally homogeneous distribution of polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate. It is considered well within the knowledge of the skilled person within this field to select a suitable mixing time in order to produce a generally homogeneous distribution of the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate. The polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate may be mixed using any suitable means, for example by hand or using an apparatus such as a ribbon mixer, high shear mixer, tumbling mixers / blenders, planetary mixer, paddle mixer and / or a nutra mixer. It will be well understood that when combining the composition with a base solution in order to form an oral hydration solution as disclosed herein, the rate of dissolution of the solute can be increased by decreasing the solute particle size. Accordingly, reducing the particle size of one or more of the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate of the composition, can improve the ease and speed at which the oral hydration solution is formed. In some embodiments, one or more components of the composition may be ground, for example through the use of a tube grinder, milled, such as through the use of a hammer mill, knife mill, or slurry mill, or resized, such as through the use of a chipper, in order break up and / or to reduce the particle size of the one or more components to within a desirable range. More preferably, one or more components of the composition are in the form of pellets, chips, agglomerates, particulates, flakes, or powder. In particular, the pellets, chips, agglomerates, particulates, flakes, or powder have a diameter of from 5pm to 10 cm, such as from 5pm to 25mm, preferably from 50pm to 18mm, more preferably from 100pm to 10mm. The diameter of the pellets, chips, particulates and powders defined herein relate to the largest measurable width of the material. The particle size of the components of the composition for forming an oral hydration solution can be determined by measuring their Brownian motion. This can be achieved using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), wherein the fluctuations of scattered light caused by a solution or suspension of particles are measured. Any suitable DLS instrument can be used to measure the Brownian motion of particles. It is considered to be within the abilities of a person of skill in the art to select a suitable solvent in which the particle of the composition would form a solution or suspension. Alternatively, the particle size of the components of the composition can be determined using microscopic techniques, for example Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) techniques, wherein the surface of the sample to be analysed is bombarded with a focused beam of electrons. The signals subsequently produced by the electron-sample interactions are detected for each position by an electron detector. The intensity of the emitted electron signal is displayed as brightness on a display monitor thereby imaging the sample. From this image the particle size of the components of the composition can be determined. A further option is laser diffraction, which measures particle size distributions by measuring the angular variation in intensity of light scattered as a laser beam passes through a dispersed particulate sample. Large particles scatter light at small angles relative to the laser beam and small particles scatter light at large angles. The angular scattering intensity data can then be analysed to calculate the size of the particles responsible for creating the scattering pattern, using the Mie theory of light scattering. The particle size is reported as a volume equivalent sphere diameter. Preferably, the d90 diameter of the pellets, chips, agglomerates, particulates, flakes, or powder is from 5pm to 10 cm, preferably from 10 pm to 20 mm, more preferably from 55 pm to 15 mm, even more preferably from 110pm to 8mm. As used herein, a "d90" value refers to the particle size and specifically the diameter at which 90% of all measurable particles have a diameter equal to or less than the d90 value, and 10% of the measurable particles have a diameter greater than the d90 value. The particle size diameter (d90) may suitably be determined by means of a particle size analyser, for example a Microtrac S3500 Particle size analyser. In some examples, the polyhalite is in the form of pellets, chips, agglomerates, particulates, flakes, or powder having a diameter of from 5pm to 10 cm, such as from 5pm to 25mm, preferably from 50pm to 18mm, more preferably from 100pm to 10mm. In some examples, at least one of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate is in the form of pellets, chips, agglomerates, particulates, flakes, or powder having a diameter of from 5pm to 10 cm, such as from 5pm to 25mm, preferably from 50pm to 18mm, more preferably from 100pm to 10mm. Preferably at least two of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate are in the form of pellets, chips, agglomerates, particulates, flakes, or powder having a diameter of from 5pm to 10 cm, such as from 5pm to 25mm, preferably from 50pm to 18mm, more preferably from 100pm to 10mm. More preferably, each of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate are in the form of pellets, chips, agglomerates, particulates, flakes, or powder having a diameter of from 5pm to 10 cm, such as from 5pm to 25mm, preferably from 50pm to 18mm, more preferably from 100pm to 10mm. In some examples, the composition may be in the form of a tablet or capsule. In particular, the composition may be moulded, extruded, pressed or otherwise processed into the form desired. Alternatively, the composition may be in the form of pellets, chips, agglomerates, particulates, flakes, or a powder, as defined above, and encapsulated to form a suitable composition capsule. In particular, it is desirable that the material selected to encapsulate the composition will be soluble in the base solution to which the capsule may be added. The composition for forming an oral hydration solution may further comprise an anticoagulant. Any anti-coagulant suitable for human consumption may be used in accordance with the present invention. In particular, the anti-coagulant may be selected from one or more of starch, maltodextrins, micro-crystalline depolymerized cellulose, sodium ferrocyanide, ferric ammonium citrate magnesium carbonate, stearates of calcium and magnesium, bentonite, calcium silicate, aluminium silicate, sodium silicoaluminate and silica. Particularly preferred starch anticoagulants suitable for use with the present invention are corn, pea, potato, sweet potato, sorghum, banana, barley, wheat, rice, sago, amaranth, tapioca, arrowroot, canna, or a combination thereof. Alternatively, in embodiments wherein the composition is in the form of a tablet, pellet or agglomerate, the composition for forming an oral hydration solution may further comprise a binding agent in order to form the composition into a desired shape and / or size. Byway of example, a composition further comprising a binding agent may be shaped into the form of a tablet. Any binding agent suitable for human consumption may be selected in accordance with the present invention however, the binding agent selected is preferably soluble within the intended solution for forming an oral hydration solution. It is considered well within the knowledge of the skilled person within this field to select a suitable binding agent for use with the disclosed composition for forming an oral hydration solution. However, the binding agent is preferably selected from gums such as xanthan, alginates, arabic carrageenans, guar, gellan, locust bean, tragacanth and hydrolyzed gums; a gelatin crosslinking agent such as glutaraldehyde; sodium silicate; sodium alginate; starch; polyvinylpyrrolidone; and cellulose derivatives such as methylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, ora combination thereof. As yet a further alternative, the composition for forming an oral hydration solution may be in the form of a paste ora slurry. It is considered to be well within the abilities of the skilled person to determine a suitable liquid for forming a paste or slurry of a composition as defined herein. For example, the paste or slurry formed may comprise a suitable volume of the base solution intended for forming the final oral hydration solution. The composition for forming an oral hydration solution may further comprise one or more additives. For example, the composition my further comprise, a pH stabilising agent, a sweetener, at least one flavouring, an antioxidant, a food colouring, a preservative, vitamins, minerals, proteins, amino acids, dietary fats and / or dietary fibres, as described above. Preferably, the composition comprises at least one additive selected from sweeteners, flavourings, antioxidants, food colourings and preservatives. The total amount of additives present in the composition for forming an oral hydration solution may be from 0.001 to 0.5% by weight of the composition, preferably from 0.005 to 0.45% by weight, more preferably from 0.01 to 0.4% by weight, even more preferably from 0.05 to 0.35% by weight of the composition. In a third embodiment, the present invention provides an oral hydration solution formed from a composition as defined above. In particular, the oral hydration solution is formed by dissolving the above composition in base solution suitable for human consumption, such that the total amount of SO / ' anions derived from the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate present in the solution is greater than 500 mg / L. Preferably, the total amount of SO / ’ anions derived from the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate is greater than 750 mg / L, more preferably greater than 1000 mg / L, even more preferably greater than 1500 mg / L. The amount of sulphate anions derived from the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate present in the oral hydration solution formed is preferably up to 2500 mg / L, more preferably up to 2250 mg / L, even more preferably up to 2000 mg / L. Any base solution suitable for human consumption may be selected in accordance with the present invention, preferably an aqueous-based solution ora dairy-based solution as defined above. In particularly preferred examples the base solution is an aqueous-based solution, such a liquid dairy alternative, coconut water, birch water, cactus water, maple water, tea, coffee, fermented beverages, carbonated soft drinks, cordial, low or zero alcohol beverages, sports or energy drinks and, of course, water, including flavoured, still, sparkling and mineral water. In particularly, preferred embodiments, the base solution is a sports or energy drink or water. For example, an oral hydration solution comprising a composition as defined above, wherein the oral hydration solution comprises water and wherein the total amount of SO / ' anions derived from the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate present in the water is greater than 500 mg / L. An alternative example is an oral hydration solution comprising a composition as defined above, wherein the oral hydration solution comprises a sports recovery solution and wherein the total amount of SO / ' anions derived from the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate present in the sports recovery solution is greater than 500 mg / L. As discussed above, the oral hydration solution may be in the form of a sports recovery solution or sports drink. Sprots recovery solutions and sports drinks typically comprise electrolytes in combination with at least one of glucose, sweeteners and salts. In some examples of the present invention, in particular, wherein the oral hydration solution is a sports recovery solution ora sports drink, the oral hydration solution may further comprise a protein powder or protein solution. For example, the protein powder or protein solution may be selected from pectin protein, pea protein, whey protein, casein protein, insect protein and / or soy protein. The protein powder or solution may be added to the oral hydration solution such that protein present is in an amount of from 1 % to 30% by weight of the oral hydration solution, preferably from 3% to 25% by weight, more preferably from 5% to 20% by weight of the oral hydration solution. In a fourth embodiment, the present invention provides a method of forming an oral hydration solution, comprising the steps of: i) providing a base solution, ii) providing a polyhalite of the general formula K1.5 to 2.sCai.s to z.sMgo.s to 1.5(804)3.5 to 6.5 2H2O; and / or a mixture of potassium sulphate (K2SO4), calcium sulphate (CaSO4) and magnesium sulphate (MgSO4), iii) dissolving the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate (K2SO4), calcium sulphate (CaSO4) and magnesium sulphate (MgSO4), in the base solution to form an oral hydration solution, wherein the total amount of SO42’ anions derived from the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate present in the oral hydration solution is greater than 500 mg / L. The base solution may be selected from any liquid suitable for human consumption, in particular an aqueous-based solution or a dairy-based solution as defined above. The polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate may be provided in an amount sufficient to form an oral hydration solution comprising a total amount of sulphate anions of greater than 750 mg / L, preferably greater than 1000 mg / L, more preferably greater than 1500 mg / L. Preferably, the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate is provided in an amount sufficient to form an oral hydration solution comprising a total amount of sulphate anions of up to 2500 mg / L, more preferably up to 2250 mg / L, even more preferably up to 2000 mg / L. The polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate added to the base solution are preferably as defined above. In particular, the relative amounts of polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate added to the base solution are preferably as defined above. In order to increase the rate of dissolution of the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate in the base solution at least one of the polyhalite and / or at least one of the potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate is present in the form of pellets, chips, agglomerates, particulates, flakes, or a powder having a diameter of from 5pm to 10 cm, such as from 5pm to 25mm, preferably from 50pm to 18mm, more preferably from 100pm to 10mm. Preferably, the d90 diameter of the pellets, chips, agglomerates, particulates, flakes, or powder is from 5pm to 10 cm, preferably from 10 pm to 20 mm, more preferably from 55 pm to 15 mm, even more preferably from 110 pm to 8mm. A suitable particle size of at least one of the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate may be selected through the use of sieving or filtering the composition. Filters such as fibrous, membrane, and polycarbonate filters may be used to remove pellets, chips, agglomerates, particulates, flakes, or powders having a diameter greater than desired. Preferably, the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate is as defined above. In embodiments wherein the oral hydration solution comprises a mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate, the potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate may be added to the base solution simultaneously. By way of example, the potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate may be in the form of particulates, flakes, or powder, preferably wherein potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate are mixed to form a generally homogeneous composition prior to addition to the base solution. Alternatively, the mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate may be pre-formed into a tablet, capsule, pellet or agglomerates, prior to addition to the base solution. In other embodiments, the potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate may be added to the base solution sequentially. Where the oral hydration solution comprises both the polyhalite and a mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate, the polyhalite and mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate may be added to the base solution simultaneously. In particular, the polyhalite, potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate may be in the form of particulates, flakes, ora powder, preferably wherein the polyhalite and mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate are mixed to form a generally homogeneous composition prior to addition to the base solution. Alternatively, the polyhalite and mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate may be pre-formed into a tablet, capsule, pellet or agglomerates, prior to addition to the base solution. Alternatively, the polyhalite, potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate may be added to the base solution sequentially. As yet a further alternative, at least two components selected from a polyhalite, potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate are added to the base solution simultaneously and any remaining components of the composition added to the base solution thereafter. In some examples, such as wherein the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate is shaped to form a tablet, pellet or agglomerates, the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate may further comprise a binding agent. Any binding agent suitable for human consumption may be selected in accordance with the present invention however, the binding agent selected is preferably soluble within the intended solution for forming an oral hydration solution, in particular the binding agent selected is preferably soluble in an aqueous-based and / or dairy based solution. It is considered to be well within the abilities of the skilled person to determine a suitable binding for use with a composition comprising polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate. For example, the binding agent may be selected from gums such as xanthan, alginates, arabic carrageenans, guar, gellan, locust bean, tragacanth and hydrolyzed gums; a gelatin crosslinking agent such as glutaraldehyde; sodium silicate; sodium alginate; starch; polyvinylpyrrolidone; and cellulose derivatives such as methylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, ora combination thereof. Once added to the base solution, the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate may be stirred in order to reduce the required time for dissolution. For example, mixing can be performed through the use of a mixing valve, a static mixer or a mechanically stirred mixing vessel. Further, mixing may be induced by turbulent flow along a length of pipeline. Alternatively, a composition comprising a polyhalite and / or a mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate may be manufactured and sold separately to the base solution, such that the consumer may add the composition to a selected base solution as required. In order to aid dissolution of the composition, the consumer may manually stir or shake the solution. The method of forming an oral hydration solution may further comprises the step of dissolving at least one additive selected from a pH stabilising agent, a natural sweetener, an artificial sweetener, a flavouring, an antioxidant, a food colouring, a preservative, vitamins, minerals, proteins, amino acids, dietary fats and / or dietary fibres, as defined above, in the base solution. The at least one additive may be added to the base solution prior to, simultaneously with or subsequent to the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate. In particular, the at least one additive may be combined with one or more of the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate prior to addition to the base solution. By way of example, the at least one additive may be mixed with the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate in order to form a generally homogenous composition prior to addition to base solution. In some examples, the method further comprises the step of freezing or at least partially freezing the oral hydration solution formed. In particular, the oral hydration solution may be in the form of, for example, ice cubes, an ice lolly or an iced slushy beverage. It is well understood within this field that, during periods of exercise or training, heat energy produced by contracting muscles causes the internal body temperature to rise, accordingly a chilled or frozen oral hydration solution can provide a pleasant cooling sensation to the consumer following periods of exercise or training whilst reducing their core body temperature and heart rate. The oral hydration solution may further comprise a gelling agent. By increasing the viscosity of the oral hydration solution to form a gel, the resulting product can be easier to transport for both the manufacturer and consumer. Suitable gelling agents include starches, such as arrowroot, cornstarch, potato starch, sago, tapioca, vegetable gums; such as guar gum, xanthan gum, gellan gum, locust bean gum; pectin; collagen, egg whites; gelatin; whey; agar; carrageenan; sodium pyrophosphate; lecithin; mono- and-di-glycerides and cellulose, such as carboxymethyl cellulose and methyl cellulose. In a fifth embodiment, the present invention provides the use of a polyhalite of the general formula K1.5 to 2.sCai.5 to 2.5Mgo.s to 1.5(804)3.5 to 6.5 2H2O; and / or a mixture of potassium sulphate (K2SO4), calcium sulphate (CaSO4) and magnesium sulphate (MgSO4), in an oral hydration solution. In particular, the polyhalite and or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate may be as defined above. Preferably, the oral hydration solution is an aqueous-based or dairy-based solution. More preferably, the oral hydration solution is an aqueous-based solution, selected from liquid dairy alternatives, coconut water, birch water, cactus water, maple water, tea, coffee, fermented beverages, carbonated soft drinks, cordial, low or zero alcohol beverages, sports or energy drinks and, water, including flavoured, still, sparkling and mineral water. Most preferably, the oral hydration solution is a sports drink such as a sports recovery solution. By way of example, the oral hydration solution is such that the total amount of SO42- anions derived from the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate present is greater than 500mg / L, such as greater than 750 mg / L, more preferably greater than 1000 mg / L, more preferably greater than 1500 mg / L. In use, the oral hydration solution may be administered to a subject prior to, during or following periods of intense physical activity. In a sixth embodiment, the present invention provides the use of an oral hydration solution as defined herein for reducing muscle soreness, fatigue or cramping in a subject. In particular, the oral hydration solution is such that the total amount of SO42' anions derived from the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate present is greater than 500 mg / L, such as greater than 750 mg / L, more preferably greater than 1000 mg / L, more preferably greater than 1500 mg / L. In use, the oral hydration solution may be administered to a subject prior to, during or following a period of intense physical activity in order to prevent or alleviate muscle soreness, fatigue or cramping. 5

Claims

1. An oral hydration solution comprising:a. a polyhalite of the general formula K15 to z.sCai.s to zsMgos to 1.5(804)3.5 to 6.5 2H2O and / orb. a mixture of potassium sulphate (K2SO4), calcium sulphate (CaSO4) and magnesium sulphate (MgSO4),wherein the total amount of SO42' anions derived from polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate present in the oral hydration solution is greater than 500 mg / L.

2. An oral hydration solution according to claim 1, wherein the total amount of SO42' anions derived from the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate present in the oral hydration solution is greater than 750 mg / L, preferably greater than 1000 mg / L, more preferably greater than 1500 mg / L and / orwherein the total amount of SO42‘ anions derived from the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate present in the oral hydration solution is up to 2500 mg / L, preferably up to 2250 mg / L, more preferably up to 2000 mg / L.

3. An oral hydration solution according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the oral hydration solution comprises a mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate, preferably wherein potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate are present in a molar ratio of from 1.5 to 2.5: 1.5 to 2.5: 0.5 to 1.5, respectively, more preferably wherein potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate are present in a molar ratio of 1.75 to 2.25: 1.75 to 2.25: 0.75 to 1.25, more preferably a molar ratio of 2:2:1, respectively.

4. An oral hydration solution according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the polyhalite has the formula K2Ca2Mg(SO4)4-2H2O.

5. An oral hydration solution according to any preceding claim, wherein the oral hydration solution is an aqueous-based or diary-based solution.

6. An oral hydration solution according to claim 5, wherein the oral hydration solution is an aqueous-based solution, preferably the oral hydration solution is a waterbased, fruit-based solution or vegetable-based solution.

7. An oral hydration solution according to claim 5, wherein the oral hydration solution in aqueous-based solution, preferably the oral hydration solution comprises at least one of oat milk, almond milk, hazelnut milk, walnut milk, macadamia milk, cashew milk, pistachio milk, soy milk, coconut milk, pea milk, potato milk, hemp milk, rice milk, flax milk, and sesame milk.

8. An oral hydration solution according to any preceding claim, wherein the oral hydration solution has a pH of from 5.0 to 7.5.

9. An oral hydration solution according to any preceding claim, further comprising a pH stabilising agent, preferably the pH stabilising agent is selected from acetic acid, citric acid, calcium acetate, fumaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, bicarbonate or a combination thereof.

10. An oral hydration solution according to any preceding claim, further comprising at least 0.5 g / L of a natural sweetener, such as one or more monosaccharides, including glucose, disaccharides, such as sucrose, and steviol glycosides, preferably at least 1 g / L, more preferably at least 5 g / L of a natural sweetener, preferably the natural sweetener is present in an amount of up to 50 g / L, preferably up to 45 g / L, more preferably up to 40 g / L of the oral hydration solution.

11. An oral hydration solution according to any preceding claim, further comprising an artificial sweetener, preferably the artificial sweetener is selected from aspartame, sucralose, neotame, alitame, glucin, acesulfame potassium, cyclamate, saccharin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, thaumatin, and / or mixtures thereof, preferably the artificial sweetener is present in an amount of less than 400mg / L, preferably less than 300mg / L, more preferably less than 200mg / L of the oral hydration solution.

12. An oral hydration solution according to any preceding claim, further comprising an additive selected from at least one flavouring, antioxidant, food colouring and / or a preservative, preferably the flavouring is selected from one or more natural or synthetic fruit flavourings, such as vanilla, citrus including lemon, orange, lime and grapefruit, apple, pear, peach, grape, strawberry, raspberry, cherry, plum, pineapple and apricot; lavender oil or hydrolate; spearmint oil or hydrolate; cinnamon oil or hydrolate; peppermint oil or hydrolate; clove oil or hydrolate; bay oil or hydrolate; anise oil or hydrolate; eucalyptus oil or hydrolate; thyme oil or hydrolate; cedar leaf oil or hydrolate; nutmeg oil or hydrolate; allspice; sage oil or hydrolate; bitter almonds oil or hydrolate; and cassia oil or hydrolate;the antioxidant is selected from one or more of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids including beta-carotene and lycopene, selenium, zinc, manganese, glutathione, coenzyme Q10, lipoic acid, flavonoids, phytoestrogens, polyphenols and phenolic compounds, such as quercetin, catechins, resveratrol, coumaric acids and anthocyanins;the food colouring is selected from one or more of annatto, brilliant blue FCF, canthaxanthin, caramel, carmine citrus red No. 2, cochineal, corn endosperm oil, elderberry juice, erythrosine, grape skin extract, indigo carmine, quinoline yellow, lycopene, paprika, Ponceau 4R, saffron, sunset yellow FCF, tagetes, tartrazine, titanium dioxide, and turmeric; and / orthe preservative is selected from one or more of benzoates, such as sodium benzoate and potassium benzoate; sorbates, such as potassium sorbate; sulphites, including sulphur dioxide and sulphite compounds; ascorbic acid(vitamin C); citric acid; rosemary extract; grape seed extract; green tea extract and cranberry extract.

13. A composition for forming an oral hydration solution, wherein the composition comprises:a. polyhalite of the general formula K1.5 to 2.5 Cai.5 to 2.5Mgo.s to 1.5(804)3.5 to 6.5-2H2O; and / orb. a mixture of potassium sulphate (K2SO4), calcium sulphate (CaSO4) and magnesium sulphate (MgSO4),wherein the composition forms an oral hydration solution comprising a total amount of SO42- anions derived from polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate of greater than 500 mg / L.

14. A composition according to claim 13, wherein potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate are present in a molar ratio of from 1.5 to 2.5: 1.5 to 2.5: 0.5 to 1.5, respectively, preferably potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate are present in a molar ratio of 1.75 to 2.25: 1.75 to 2.25: 0.75 to 1.25, more preferably a molar ratio of 2:2:1, respectively.

15. A composition according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the polyhalite has the formula K2Ca2IVIg(SO4)4-2H2O.

16. A composition according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate is in the form of a tablet, capsule, pellets, chips, agglomerates, particulates, flakes, or a powder.

17. A composition according to claim 16, wherein the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate is in the form of pellets, chips, agglomerates, particulates, flakes, or a powder, preferably thepellets, chips, agglomerates, particulates, flakes, or powder have a diameter of from 5 pm to 10 cm, such as from 5 pm to 25 mm, preferably from 50 pm to 18 mm, more preferably from 100 pm to 10 mm, more preferably the d90 diameter of the pellets, chips, agglomerates, particulates, flakes, or powder is from 5 pm to 10 cm, preferably from 10 pm to 20 mm, more preferably from 55 pm to 15 mm, even more preferably from 110 pm to 8 mm.

18. A composition according to any one of claims 13 to 17, wherein the composition further comprises a binding agent such that the composition can be formed into a suitable shape, such as a tablet, preferably the binding agent is soluble in an aqueous-based or dairy-based solution and / orthe binding agent is selected from gums such as xanthan, alginates, arabic carrageenans, guar, gellan, locust bean, tragacanth and hydrolyzed gums; a gelatin crosslinking agent such as glutaraldehyde; sodium silicate; sodium alginate; starch; polyvinylpyrrolidone; and cellulose derivatives such as methylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose.

19. A composition according to any one of claims 13 to 18, wherein the composition further comprises a pH stabilising agent, preferably the pH stabilising agent is selected from acetic acid, citric acid, calcium acetate, fumaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, bicarbonate or a combination thereof and / ora natural and / or an artificial sweetener, preferably the natural sweetener is as defined in claim 10 and the artificial sweetener is as defined in claim 11 and / oran additive selected from at least one flavouring, antioxidant, food colouring and / or preservative, preferably the at least one flavouring, antioxidant, food colouring and / or preservative is as defined in claim 12.

20. An oral hydration solution comprising a composition as defined in any one of claims 13 to 19, wherein the total amount of SO42' anions derived from the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphatepresent in the oral hydration solution is greater than 500 mg / L, preferably the oral hydration solution is a sports recovery solution.

21. A method of forming an oral hydration solution, comprising the step of:i) providing a base solution,ii) providing a polyhalite of the general formula K1.5 to 2.sCai.5 to 2.sMgo.5 to 1.5(804)3.5 to 6.5 2H2O; and / or a mixture of potassium sulphate (K2SO4), calcium sulphate (CaSO4) and magnesium sulphate (MgSO4),iii) dissolving the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate (K2SO4), calcium sulphate (CaSO4) and magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) in the base solution to form an oral hydration solution,wherein the total amount of SO42' anions derived from the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate present in the oral hydration solution is greater than 500 mg / L.

22. A method according to claim 21, wherein the base solution is selected from an aqueous-based or dairy-based solution, preferably the base solution is an aqueous-based solution.

23. A method according to claim 21 or claim 22, wherein the total amount of SCu2' anions derived from the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate present in the oral hydration solution formed is greater than 750 mg / L, preferably greater than 1000 mg / L, more preferably greater than 1500 mg / L and / orthe total amount of SO42’ anions derived from the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate is present in the oral hydration solution formed is up to 2500 mg / L, preferably up to 2250 mg / L, more preferably up to 2000 mg / L.

24. A method according to any one of claims 21 to 23, wherein the mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate is as defined in claim 3.

25. A method according to any one of claims 21 to 24, wherein the polyhalite has the formula K2Ca2Mg(SO4)4-2H2O.

26. A method according to any one of claims 21 to 25, wherein the potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate is combined to form a generally homogeneous mixture prior to addition to the base solution or wherein the polyhalite and mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate is combined to form a generally homogeneous mixture prior to addition to the base solution.

27. A method according to any one of claims 21 to 26, wherein the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate further comprises a binding agent, preferably the binding agent is as defined in claim 18.

28. A method according to any one of claims 21 to 27, wherein the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate is added to the base solution in the form of a tablet, capsule, pellets chips, agglomerates, particulates, flakes, or a powder, preferably the pellets chips, agglomerates, particulates, flakes, or powder have a diameter of from 5 pm to 10 cm, such as from 5 pm to 25 mm, preferably from 50 pm to 18 mm, more preferably from 100 pm to 10 mm, more preferably the d90 diameter of the pellets, chips, agglomerates, particulates, flakes, or powder is from 5 pm to 10 cm, preferably from 10 pm to 20 mm, more preferably from 55 pm to 15 mm, even more preferably from 110 pm to 8 mm.

29. A method according to any one of claims 21 to 28, wherein the method further comprises the step of dissolving at least one additive selected from a pH stabilisingagent, a natural sweetener, an artificial sweetener, a flavouring, an antioxidant, a food colouring and a preservative as defined in Claims 9 to 12 in the base solution.

30. A method according to any one of claims 21 to 29, wherein the base solution undergoes mixing during or following the addition of the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate (K2SO4), calcium sulphate (CaSO4) and magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) to the base solution, preferably the mixing step comprises the use of a mixing valve, a static mixer or a mechanically stirred mixing vessel.

31. A method according to any one of Claims 21 to 30, wherein the oral hydration solution formed is subsequently frozen.

32. A method according to any one of Claims 21 to 30, wherein the method further comprises adding a gelling agent to the base solution or oral hydration solution in an amount sufficient to form a gel, preferably wherein the gelling agent is selected from starches, such as arrowroot, cornstarch, potato starch, sago, tapioca, vegetable gums; such as guar gum, xanthan gum, gellan gum, locust bean gum; pectin; collagen, egg whites; gelatin; whey; agar; carrageenan; sodium pyrophosphate; lecithin; mono- and-di-glycerides and cellulose, such as carboxymethyl cellulose and methyl cellulose.

33. Use of a polyhalite of the general formula Ki.5 to 2.sCai.5 to z.sMgo.s to 1.5(804)3.510 6.5 2H2O and / or a mixture of potassium sulphate (K2SO4), calcium sulphate (CaSO4) and magnesium sulphate (MgSO4), in an oral hydration solution, preferably the oral hydration solution is a sports recovery solution.

34. Use of an oral hydration solution as defined in any one of claims 1 to 12 or 20 for reducing muscle soreness, fatigue or cramping in a subject.

35. Use according to claim 33 or 34, wherein the SO42‘ anions derived from the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate are present in an amount greater than 500 mg / L, preferably 750 mg / L, more preferably greater than 1000 mg / L, more preferably greater than 1500 mg / L.01 10 25AMENDMENTS TO THE CLAIMS HAVE BEEN FILEDAS FOLLOWS:Claims1. An oral hydration solution comprising:a. a polyhalite of the general formula Ki,5 to 2.5Cai,5 to 2.5Mg0.5 to 1.5(804)3.5 to 6.5'2H2O and / or5 b. a mixture of potassium sulphate (K2SO4), calcium sulphate (CaSO4) andmagnesium sulphate (MgSO4),wherein the total amount of SO42' anions derived from polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate present in the oral hydration solution is greater than 500 mg / L.

102. An oral hydration solution according to claim 1, wherein the total amount of SO42' anions derived from the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate present in the oral hydration solution is greater than 750 mg / L and / or15 wherein the total amount of SO42" anions derived from the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate present in the oral hydration solution is up to 2500 mg / L.

3. An oral hydration solution according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the oral hydration solution 20 comprises a mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate in a molar ratio of from 1.5 to 2.5: 1.5 to 2.5: 0.5 to 1.5, respectively.

4. An oral hydration solution according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the polyhalite has the formula K2Ca2Mg(SO4)4-2H2O.

255. An oral hydration solution according to any preceding claim, wherein the oral hydration solution is an aqueous-based or dairy-based solution.01 10 256. An oral hydration solution according to claim 5, wherein the aqueous-based solution is a water-based, fruit-based solution or vegetable-based solution.

7. An oral hydration solution according to claim 5, wherein the aqueous-based 5 solution comprises at least one of oat milk, almond milk, hazelnut milk, walnut milk,macadamia milk, cashew milk, pistachio milk, soy milk, coconut milk, pea milk, potato milk, hemp milk, rice milk, flax milk, and sesame milk.

8. An oral hydration solution according to any preceding claim, wherein the oral io hydration solution has a pH of from 5.0 to 7.5.

9. An oral hydration solution according to any preceding claim, further comprising a pH stabilising agent.15 10. An oral hydration solution according to any preceding claim, further comprising atleast 0.5 g / L of a natural sweetener.

11. An oral hydration solution according to any preceding claim, further comprising an artificial sweetener.2012. An oral hydration solution according to any preceding claim, further comprising an additive selected from at least one flavouring, antioxidant, food colouring and / or a preservative.25 13. An oral hydration solution according to claim 12, wherein the flavouring is selectedfrom one or more natural or synthetic fruit flavourings;the antioxidant is selected from one or more of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids including beta-carotene and lycopene, selenium, zinc, manganese,glutathione, coenzyme Q10, lipoic acid, flavonoids, phytoestrogens, polyphenols and phenolic compounds;the food colouring is selected from one or more of annatto, brilliant blue FCF, 5 canthaxanthin, caramel, carmine citrus red No. 2, cochineal, com endosperm oil,elderberry juice, erythrosine, grape skin extract, indigo carmine, quinoline yellow, lycopene, paprika, Ponceau 4R, saffron, sunset yellow FCF, tagetes, tartrazine, titanium dioxide, and turmeric; and / or10 the preservative is selected from one or more of benzoates; sorbates; sulphites; ascorbic acid (vitamin C); citric acid; rosemary extract; grape seed extract; green tea extract and cranberry extract.1*0 14. A composition for forming an oral hydration solution, wherein the compositionC\j 15 comprises:a. polyhalite of the general formula K1.5 to 2.5 Cars to 2.5Mg0.5 to 1.5(804)3.5 to1 6.5'2H2O; and / or"i- b. a mixture of potassium sulphate (K2SO4), calcium sulphate (CaSO4) andmagnesium sulphate (MgSO4),20 wherein the composition forms an oral hydration solution comprising a total amount of SO42' anions derived from polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate of greater than 500 mg / L.

15. A composition according to claim 14, wherein potassium sulphate, calcium25 sulphate and magnesium sulphate are present in a molar ratio of from 1.5 to 2.5:1.5 to 2.5: 0.5 to 1.5, respectively.

16. A composition according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the polyhalite has the formula K2Ca2Mg(SO4)4-2H2O.

17. A composition according to any one of claims 14 to 16, wherein the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate is in the form of a tablet, capsule, pellets, chips, agglomerates, particulates, flakes, or a powder.

518. A composition according to claim 17, wherein the pellets, chips, agglomerates, particulates, flakes, or powder have a diameter of from 5 pm to 10 cm, such as from 5 pm to 25 mm.io 19. A composition according to any one of claims 14 to 18, wherein the composition further comprises a binding agent such that the composition can be formed into a suitable shape, such as a tabletLD 20. A composition according to claim 19, wherein the binding agent is selected from C\I15 gums; a gelatin crosslinking agent; sodium alginate; starch;polyvinylpyrrolidone; and cellulose derivatives.1—1—21. A composition according to any one of claims 14 to 20, wherein the composition further comprises a pH stabilising agent and / or20 a natural and / or an artificial sweetener and / oran additive selected from at least one flavouring, antioxidant, food colouring and / or preservative as defined in claim 12 or 13.

22. An oral hydration solution comprising a composition as defined in any one of claims 25 14 to 21, wherein the total amount of SO?' anions derived from the polyhaliteand / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate present in the oral hydration solution is greater than 500 mg / L.

23. An oral hydration solution according to claim 22, wherein the oral hydration solution is a sports recovery solution.01 10 2524. A method of forming an oral hydration solution, comprising the step of:i) providing a base solution,ii) providing a polyhalite of the general formula Ki.5 to 2.sCai.5 to 2.5Mg0.5 to 1.5(804)3.5 to 65-2H2O: and / or a mixture of potassium sulphate (K2SO4), calcium sulphate (CaSO4) and magnesium sulphate (MgSO4),iii) dissolving the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate (K2SO4), calcium sulphate (CaSO4) and magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) in the base solution to form an oral hydration solution,wherein the total amount of SO42’ anions derived from the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate present in the oral hydration solution is greater than 500 mg / L.

25. A method according to claim 24, wherein the base solution is selected from an aqueous-based or dairy-based solution.

26. A method according to claim 24 or claim 25, wherein the total amount of SO42' anions derived from the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate present in the oral hydration solution formed is greater than 750 mg / L and / orthe total amount of SO42' anions derived from the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate is present in the oral hydration solution formed is up to 2500 mg / L.

27. A method according to any one of claims 24 to 26, wherein the mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate is as defined in claim 3.

28. A method according to any one of claims 24 to 27, wherein the polyhalite has the formula K2Ca2Mg(SO4)4-2H2O.01 10 2529. A method according to any one of claims 24 to 28, wherein the potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate is combined to form a generally homogeneous mixture prior to addition to the base solution or wherein the polyhalite and mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium5 sulphate is combined to form a generally homogeneous mixture prior to addition tothe base solution.

30. A method according to any one of claims 24 to 29, wherein the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate further io comprises a binding agent as defined in claim 19 or 20.

31. A method according to any one of claims 24 to 30, wherein the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate is added to the base solution in the form of a tablet, capsule, pellets chips, agglomerates, 15 particulates, flakes, or a powder.

32. A method according to any one of claims 24 to 31, wherein the method further comprises the step of dissolving at least one additive selected from a pH stabilising agent, a natural sweetener, an artificial sweetener, a flavouring, an antioxidant, a20 food colouring and a preservative as defined in Claims 9 to 13 in the base solution.

33. A method according to any one of claims 24 to 32, wherein the base solution undergoes mixing during or following the addition of the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate (K2SO4), calcium sulphate (CaSO4) and magnesium25 sulphate (MgSO4) to the base solution.

34. A method according to any one of claims 24 to 33, wherein the oral hydration solution formed is subsequently frozen.01 10 2535. A method according to any one of claims 24 to 33, wherein the method further comprises adding a gelling agent to the base solution or oral hydration solution in an amount sufficient to form a gel.5 36. A method according to claim 35, wherein the gelling agent is selected fromstarches; vegetable gums; pectin; collagen, egg whites; gelatin; whey; agar; carrageenan; sodium pyrophosphate; lecithin; mono- and-di-glycerides and cellulose.io 37. Use of a polyhalite of the general formula K1.5 to 2.5Cai.5 to 2 5Mg05 to 1.5(8()4)3.5 to 6.5'2H2O and / or a mixture of potassium sulphate (K2SO4), calcium sulphate (CaSO4) and magnesium sulphate (MgSO4), in an oral hydration solution.

38. Use of an oral hydration solution as defined in any one of claims 1 to 13, 22 or 23 15 for reducing muscle soreness, fatigue or cramping in a subject.

39. Use according to claim 37 or 38, wherein the SO42' anions derived from the polyhalite and / or mixture of potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate and magnesium sulphate are present in an amount greater than 500 mg / L.Application No: GB2406266.3Claims searched: 1-35Examiner: Dr Bill ThomsonDate of search: 10 September 2024Patents Act 1977: Search Report under Section 17Documents considered to be relevant:Category Relevant to claims Identity of document and passage or figure of particular relevance X 1-3, 5-14, 16-24 &26-35 at least WO 89 / 09604 Al (DRIVER) - See especially page 5, lines 12-27 and Examples 1 and 2 X 1-3, 5-14, 16-24 &26-35 at least WO 2012 / 068431 Al (THE COCA-COLA COMPANY) - See especially paragraphs [0020]-[0025], [0042], [0043] and [0049] A - CN 112314826 A (QUFO NORMAL UNIVERSITY) - See especially the Examples A - "Safety of oral hydration after cisplatin infusion in an outpatient lung cancer unit", F. Puisset et al, Supportive Care in Cancer, 2019, 27(5), 1679-1686 See especially "Hydration regimen" section on page 1680Categories:X Document indicating lack of novelty or inventive step A Document indicating technological background and / or state of the art. Y Document indicating lack of inventive step if P Document published on or after the declared priority date but combined with one or more other documents of same category. before the filing date of this invention. & Member of the same patent family E Patent document published on or after, but with priority date earlier than, the filing date of this application.Field of Search:International Classification:Subclass Subgroup Valid From A61K 0033 / 04 01 / 01 / 2006 A23C 0009 / 152 01 / 01 / 2006 A23L 0002 / 52 01 / 01 / 2006 A23L 0033 / 16 01 / 01 / 2016 A61K 0009 / 00 01 / 01 / 2006 A61K 0009 / 08 01 / 01 / 2006 A61K 0033 / 06 01 / 01 / 2006 A61P 0021 / 00 01 / 01 / 2006 A61P 0021 / 02 01 / 01 / 2006