Image forming apparatus

Abstract

To provide an image forming apparatus that can perform shading compensation while suppressing reduction in productivity.SOLUTION: An image forming apparatus comprises: an image forming unit that forms an image on a sheet on the basis of an image forming condition; an image reading unit 231 that reads an image for adjustment of the image forming condition formed on the sheet; a memory 223 that stores a result of reading of the image for adjustment performed by the image reading unit 231; and a CPU 222 that performs shading compensation on the basis of, a result of reading of a white reference plate performed by the image reading unit 231. When the shading compensation and conveyance of the sheet on which the image for adjustment is formed to a reading position of the image reading unit 231 are performed in parallel, the CPU 222 does not update the reading result stored in the memory 223 with the result of reading of the image for adjustment.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus such as a printer, a copier, a facsimile, or a multifunction peripheral. [Background technology]

[0002] Printed materials produced by commercial printing machines are required to have stable print position accuracy. Patent Document 1 discloses an image forming apparatus that aims to stabilize print position accuracy. To stabilize the print position accuracy, this image forming apparatus creates an adjustment chart by printing an adjustment image that serves as a mark for the print position (image formation position) on a sheet. The adjustment image on the adjustment chart is read by an image reading sensor provided on the sheet transport path. The image forming apparatus adjusts the print position by feeding back the reading result of the adjustment image to the image formation conditions.

[0003] The image reading sensor is calibrated to maintain detection accuracy. Calibration of the image reading sensor is called shading correction. Shading correction is performed periodically, for example, when images are formed continuously on multiple sheets. Patent Document 2 discloses a technique for performing shading correction of multiple image reading sensors. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] JP 2006-11285 A [Patent Document 2] JP 2018-111582 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] While shading correction is being performed, the image reading sensor cannot read the image. Therefore, the image forming apparatus has to wait for the shading correction to finish before forming an image according to the print job. This leads to a decrease in productivity. In addition, the waiting time may cause the internal temperature of the image forming apparatus to change, which may cause the print position to fluctuate.

[0006] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned problems, and has an object to provide an image forming apparatus that can perform shading correction while suppressing a decrease in productivity. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] The image forming apparatus of the present invention is characterized in that it comprises an image forming means for forming an image on a sheet based on image formation conditions, a reading means for reading an adjustment image of the image formation conditions formed on the sheet, a storage means for storing the reading result of the adjustment image by the reading means, an adjustment means for adjusting the image formation conditions based on the reading result stored in the storage means, a reference plate used for shading correction of the reading means, a correction means for performing shading correction based on the reading result of the reference plate by the reading means, and a control means for not updating the reading result stored in the storage means with the reading result of the adjustment image when the shading correction and the transport of the sheet on which the adjustment image has been formed to the reading position of the reading means are performed in parallel. Effect of the Invention

[0008] According to the present invention, shading correction can be performed while suppressing a decrease in productivity. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0009] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of an image processing system. [Diagram 2] system configuration diagram. [Diagram 3] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of an image forming apparatus. [Figure 4]Diagram of CIS. [Diagram 5] 5A and 5B are schematic diagrams showing sheet transport in a real-time adjustment mode. [Figure 6] 5A and 5B are schematic diagrams showing sheet transport in an interrupt adjustment mode. [Figure 7] FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of information stored in a memory. [Figure 8] 4(a) to (d) are explanatory diagrams of the setting screen. [Figure 9] FIG. [Figure 10] 4A and 4B are diagrams illustrating shading correction values. [Figure 11] 6A and 6B are flowcharts showing an adjustment process for image forming conditions. [Figure 12] 6A and 6B are diagrams illustrating shading correction and the timing of reading an adjustment chart. [Figure 13] 6 is a flowchart showing a printing process in an image quality priority mode. [Figure 14] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of an operation mode selection screen. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0010] Hereinafter, the embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

[0011] (First embodiment) (Image Processing System) 1 is a configuration diagram of an image processing system including an image forming apparatus according to this embodiment. The image processing system includes an image forming apparatus 101 and an external controller 102. The image forming apparatus 101 is, for example, a multifunction peripheral (MFP), etc. The external controller 102 is, for example, an image processing controller, a digital front end (DFE), a print server, etc.

[0012] The image forming apparatus 101 and the external controller 102 are communicatively connected via an internal LAN (Local Area Network) 105 and a video cable 106. The external controller 102 is connected to a client PC (Personal Computer) 103 via an external LAN 104. The external controller 102 obtains a print instruction (print job) from the client PC 103.

[0013] A printer driver having a function of converting image data into a print description language that can be processed by the external controller 102 is installed in the client PC 103. A user can instruct printing via the printer driver using various applications. The printer driver transmits image data to the external controller 102 based on a print job from the user. The external controller 102 accepts a print job including image data from the client PC 103, performs data analysis and rasterization processing, and instructs the image forming apparatus 101 to print (form an image) based on the image data.

[0014] The image forming apparatus 101 is configured by connecting a plurality of devices having different functions, including a printing device 107, and is capable of complex printing processes such as bookbinding. The image forming apparatus 101 of this embodiment includes a printing device 107 and a finisher 109. The printing device 107 forms an image on a sheet fed from a paper feed unit provided at the bottom of the main body by using a developer (e.g., toner). The printing device 107 forms images in yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C), and black (K). A full-color image in which images of each color are superimposed is formed on the sheet. The sheet on which the image has been formed is transported from the printing device 107 to the finisher 109. The finisher 109 stacks the sheets on which the image has been formed.

[0015] In this image processing system, an external controller 102 is connected to an image forming apparatus 101, but the external controller 102 is not necessarily required. For example, the image forming apparatus 101 may be configured to directly obtain a print job including image data from a client PC 103 via an external LAN 104. In this case, the image forming apparatus 101 performs the data analysis and rasterization processing that are performed by the external controller 102. In other words, the image forming apparatus 101 and the external controller 102 may be configured as one unit.

[0016] (System Configuration) 2 is a system configuration diagram for controlling the operation of the image processing system. Here, controllers for controlling the operation of the image forming apparatus 101, the external controller 102, and the client PC 103 will be described.

[0017] ·Printing device The printing device 107 includes a communication interface (I / F) 217, a LAN I / F 218, and a video I / F 220 for communicating with other devices. The printing device 107 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 222, a memory 223, a storage 221, an image reading unit 231, and an image processing unit 232 for controlling the operation of the printing device 107. The printing device 107 includes an exposure unit 227, an image creating unit 228, a fixing unit 229, and a paper feeding unit 230 for forming an image. The printing device 107 includes an operation unit 224 and a display 225 as user interfaces. These components are connected to each other via a system bus 233 so as to be able to communicate with each other.

[0018] The communication I / F 217 is connected to the finisher 109 via a communication cable 249 and controls communication with the finisher 109. When the printing device 107 and the finisher 109 operate in cooperation with each other, information and data are transmitted and received via the communication I / F 217. The LAN I / F 218 is connected to the external controller 102 via the internal LAN 105 and controls communication with the external controller 102. The printing device 107 receives print settings and image data from the external controller 102 via the LAN I / F 218. The video I / F 220 is connected to the external controller 102 via a video cable 106 and controls communication with the external controller 102. The printing device 107 receives image data representing an image to be formed from the external controller 102 via the video I / F 220.

[0019] The CPU 222 comprehensively controls image processing and printing by executing computer programs stored in the storage 221. The memory 223 provides a work area for the CPU 222 to execute various processes. When performing image formation processing, the CPU 222 controls an exposure unit 227, an image forming unit 228, a fixing unit 229, and a paper feed unit 230.

[0020] The exposure unit 227 includes a photoconductor, a charging wire for charging the photoconductor, and a light source for exposing the photoconductor charged by the charging wire to light in order to form an electrostatic latent image on the photoconductor. The photoconductor is, for example, a photosensitive belt having a photosensitive layer formed on the surface of a belt-shaped elastic member, or a photosensitive drum having a photosensitive layer formed on the surface of a cylinder. A charging roller may be used instead of the charging wire. The exposure unit 227 charges the surface of the photoconductor to a uniform negative potential by the charging wire. The exposure unit 227 outputs a laser beam from a light source based on image data. The laser beam scans the surface of the photoconductor that is uniformly charged. As a result, the potential of the photoconductor at the position where the laser beam is irradiated fluctuates, and an electrostatic latent image is formed on the surface. Four photoconductors are provided corresponding to four colors, namely, yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C), and black (K). Electrostatic latent images corresponding to images of different colors are formed on the four photoconductors.

[0021] The image forming unit 228 transfers the toner image formed on the photoconductor to a sheet. The image forming unit 228 includes a developing unit, a transfer unit, and a toner supply unit. The developing unit forms a toner image by attaching negatively charged toner from a developing cylinder to an electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the photoconductor. Four developing units are provided corresponding to the four colors of yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C), and black (K). The developing units make the electrostatic latent image on the photoconductor visible using toner of the corresponding color.

[0022] The transfer unit has an intermediate transfer belt and transfers a toner image from the photoconductor to the intermediate transfer belt. A primary transfer roller is provided at a position facing the photoconductor across the intermediate transfer belt. When a positive potential is applied to the primary transfer roller, the toner images from each of the four photoconductors are transferred to the intermediate transfer belt in a superimposed state. As a result, a full-color toner image is formed on the intermediate transfer belt. The toner image formed on the intermediate transfer belt is transferred to a sheet by a secondary transfer roller, which will be described later. When a positive potential is applied to the secondary transfer roller, the full-color toner image is transferred from the intermediate transfer belt to the sheet.

[0023] The fixing unit 229 fixes the transferred toner image onto the sheet. The fixing unit 229 has a heater and a pair of rollers. The fixing unit 229 melts and fixes the toner image on the sheet by heating and pressurizing the toner image on the sheet with the heater and the pair of rollers. This forms an image on the sheet. The paper feed unit 230 has a conveying roller and various sensors on the conveying path, and controls the sheet feeding operation.

[0024] The image reading unit 231 reads an image formed on a sheet being conveyed based on an instruction from the CPU 222. For example, when adjusting image formation conditions, the CPU 222 uses the image reading unit 231 to read an image for adjusting the image formation conditions formed on the sheet. The operation unit 224 is an input device that accepts input of various settings and operation instructions from a user. The operation unit 224 is, for example, various input keys or a touch panel. The display 225 is an output device that displays setting information of the image forming apparatus 101 and the processing status (status information) of a print job.

[0025] Finisher The finisher 109 performs, for example, a staple process on a product output from the printing device 107. The finisher 109 includes a communication I / F 241, a CPU 242, a memory 243, and a paper discharge control unit 244. These components are connected to each other via a system bus 245 so that they can communicate with each other. The communication I / F 241 is connected to the printing device 107 via a communication cable 249 and controls communication with the printing device 107. When the finisher 109 and the printing device 107 operate in cooperation with each other, information and data are transmitted and received via the communication I / F 241. The CPU 242 executes a control program stored in the memory 243 and performs various controls required for paper discharge. The memory 243 stores the control program. The memory 243 also provides a work area when the CPU 242 executes various processes. The paper discharge control unit 244 discharges the conveyed sheet to a stack tray 332 shown in FIG. 3 based on an instruction from the CPU 242.

[0026] External Controller The external controller 102 includes a LAN I / F 213, a LAN I / F 214, and a video I / F 215 for communicating with other devices. The external controller 102 includes a CPU 208, a memory 209, and a storage 210 for controlling the operation of the external controller 102. The external controller 102 includes a keyboard 211 and a display 212 as user interfaces. These components are connected to each other via a system bus 216 so as to be able to communicate with each other.

[0027] The LAN I / F 213 is connected to the client PC 103 via the external LAN 104, and controls communication with the client PC 103. The external controller 102 obtains a print job from the client PC 103 via the LAN I / F 213. The LAN I / F 214 is connected to the printing device 107 via the internal LAN 105, and controls communication with the printing device 107. The external controller 102 transmits print settings and image data to the printing device 107 via the LAN I / F 214. The video I / F 215 is connected to the printing device 107 via the video cable 106, and controls communication with the printing device 107. The external controller 102 transmits image data to the printing device 107 via the video I / F 215.

[0028] The CPU 208 executes computer programs stored in the storage 210 to comprehensively perform processes such as receiving image data transmitted from the client PC 103, RIP processing, and transmitting image data to the image forming apparatus 101. The memory 209 provides a work area for the CPU 208 to execute various processes. The keyboard 211 is an input device that accepts input of various settings and operation instructions from the user. The display 212 is an output device that displays information about applications executed by the external controller 102 as still images or moving images.

[0029] Client PC The client PC 103 includes a CPU 201, a memory 202, a storage 203, a keyboard 204, a display 205, and a LAN I / F 206. These components are connected via a system bus 207 so as to be able to communicate with each other.

[0030] The CPU 201 controls the operation of the client PC 103 by executing a computer program stored in the storage 203. In this embodiment, the CPU 201 creates image data and transmits a print job. The memory 202 provides a work area for the CPU 201 to execute various processes. The keyboard 204 and the display 205 are user interfaces. The keyboard 204 is an input device that accepts instructions from a user. The display 205 is an output device that displays information about an application executed by the client PC 103 as a still image or a moving image. The LAN I / F 206 is connected to the external controller 102 via the external LAN 104 and controls communication with the external controller 102. The client PC 103 transmits a print job to the external controller 102 via the LAN I / F 206.

[0031] The external controller 102 and the image forming apparatus 101 are connected by an internal LAN 105 and a video cable 106, but any other configuration is acceptable as long as data necessary for printing can be transmitted and received, and for example, the connection may be made by only a video cable. The memory 202, memory 209, memory 223, and memory 243 may each be a storage device for holding data and programs. For example, these memories may be volatile random access memory (RAM), non-volatile read only memory (ROM), storage, or universal serial bus (USB) memory.

[0032] (Configuration of Image Forming Apparatus) 3 is a configuration diagram of the image forming apparatus 101. A display 225 is provided on the top of the printing device 107. The display 225 displays information on the printing status and settings of the image forming apparatus 101. The sheet on which an image has been formed by the printing device 107 is transported to a finisher 109 provided at a subsequent stage.

[0033] The printing device 107 includes a plurality of paper feed decks 301, 302 and a transport path 303 as the paper feed section 230. Each of the paper feed decks 301, 302 can accommodate different types of sheets. The top sheet of each of the paper feed decks 301, 302 is separated and fed to the transport path 303. The printing device 107 includes image forming units 304, 305, 306, and 307 as the exposure unit 227 for forming images. The printing device 107 forms a color image. To this end, the image forming unit 304 forms a black (K) image (toner image). The image forming unit 305 forms a cyan (C) image (toner image). The image forming unit 306 forms a magenta (M) image (toner image). The image forming unit 307 forms a yellow (Y) image (toner image).

[0034] The printing device 107 includes, as the image creating unit 228, an intermediate transfer belt 308 and a secondary transfer roller 309 onto which toner images are transferred from the image forming units 304, 305, 306, and 307. The intermediate transfer belt 308 rotates clockwise in the figure, and the toner images are transferred and superimposed on each other in the order of the image forming units 307, 306, 305, and 304. As a result, a full-color toner image is formed on the intermediate transfer belt 308. The intermediate transfer belt 308 conveys the toner image to the secondary transfer roller 309 by rotating. A sheet is conveyed to the secondary transfer roller 309 in accordance with the timing at which the toner image is conveyed to the secondary transfer roller 309. The secondary transfer roller 309 transfers the toner image on the intermediate transfer belt 308 to the conveyed sheet.

[0035] The printing device 107 includes a first fixing device 311 and a second fixing device 318 as the fixing unit 229. The first fixing device 311 and the second fixing device 318 have the same configuration and fix the toner image to the sheet. For this purpose, the first fixing device 311 and the second fixing device 318 each include a pressure roller and a heating roller. The sheet is heated and pressurized by passing between the pressure roller and the heating roller, and the toner image is melted and pressed onto the sheet. The sheet that has passed the second fixing device 318 is conveyed to the conveying path 314. The second fixing device 318 is disposed downstream of the first fixing device 311 in the sheet conveying direction, and is used to add gloss to the image on the sheet that has been fixed by the first fixing device 311 and to ensure fixability. For this purpose, the second fixing device 318 may not be used depending on the type of sheet and the contents of the image forming process. In order to transport the sheet subjected to the fixing process by the first fixing device 311 without passing through the second fixing device 318, a transport path 312 is provided.

[0036] After the conveying path 314 and the conveying path 312 join, a conveying path 315 and an inversion path 316 are provided. When double-sided printing is instructed, the sheet is conveyed to the inversion path 316. The conveying direction of the sheet conveyed to the inversion path 316 is inverted by the inversion path 316, and the sheet is conveyed to a double-sided conveying path 317. The inversion path 316 and the double-sided conveying path 317 invert the side on which the image is formed (first side). The sheet is conveyed to the conveying path 303 by the double-sided conveying path 317, and passes through a secondary transfer roller 309 and a fixing unit 229, whereby an image is formed on the second side.

[0037] In the case of single-sided printing, or in the case of double-sided printing in which images are formed on both sides, the sheet is conveyed to a conveying path 315. A conveying path 323 is disposed downstream of the conveying path 315 in the sheet conveying direction.

[0038] On the conveying path 323, CISs (Contact Image Sensors) 321 and 322 are arranged facing each other across the conveying path 323 as the image reading unit 231. Fig. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the CISs 321 and 322. The CIS 321 is an optical sensor that reads an image of the upper surface of the sheet conveyed on the conveying path 323. The CIS 322 is an optical sensor that reads an image of the lower surface of the sheet conveyed on the conveying path 323.

[0039] The CIS 321 includes an LED (Light Emitting Diode) 350 as a light source, a reading sensor 351 as a light receiving unit, and a white reference plate 352. The LED 350 irradiates light onto the upper surface of the sheet when the sheet conveyed along the conveying path 323 reaches the reading position. The reading sensor 351 includes a plurality of light receiving elements (photoelectric conversion elements) in a direction perpendicular to the conveying direction of the sheet. Therefore, the direction perpendicular to the conveying direction of the sheet is the main scanning direction of the CIS 321. The reading sensor 351 receives light reflected by the sheet. The plurality of light receiving elements of the reading sensor 351 output an output value (electrical signal) based on the intensity of the reflected light received. The output value (electrical signal) output from the plurality of light receiving elements is transmitted to the CPU 222. In this manner, the image formed on the sheet is read. The white reference plate 352 is a calibration member (reference member) used during shading correction of the CIS 321. During shading correction, the LED 350 and the reading sensor 351 move to a position where they can read the white reference plate 352. Alternatively, during shading correction, the white reference plate 352 moves to the reading position of the LED 350 and the reading sensor 351. Shading correction of the CIS 321 is performed based on the reading result of the white reference plate 352. Therefore, the CIS 321 cannot read the image formed on the sheet during shading correction.

[0040] Similarly to CIS 321, CIS 322 includes an LED 353, a reading sensor 354, and a white reference plate 355. CIS 322 operates similarly to CIS 321, and reads an image formed on the lower surface of a sheet when the sheet conveyed along conveyance path 323 reaches a reading position. Note that, in addition to CIS 321 and 322, image reading unit 231 can also be realized by a CCD or CMOS sensor.

[0041] The printing device 107 of this embodiment is capable of forming an adjustment image for adjusting image formation conditions on both sides of a sheet. A sheet on which an adjustment image is formed is called an adjustment chart. The printing device 107 prints the adjustment image on a sheet to create an adjustment chart, and reads the adjustment image by CIS321 and CIS322. The read images of the adjustment chart by CIS321 and CIS322 are stored in memory 223. The CPU 222 refers to the memory 223, analyzes the read images by CIS321 and CIS322, and feeds back the results to the image formation conditions to adjust the image formation conditions.

[0042] For example, when the temperature inside the printing device 107 rises, the geometric characteristics of the image formed on the sheet vary compared to when the temperature inside the printing device 107 is low. Here, the geometric characteristics of the image include, for example, perpendicularity and the printing position of the image on the sheet. The printing device 107 creates an adjustment chart and detects the geometric characteristics based on the reading results of the CIS 321 and 322. The CPU 222 performs affine transformation on the image data so that the detected geometric characteristics become ideal geometric characteristics. The printing device 107 forms an image on the sheet based on the image data converted by the CPU 222, thereby controlling the geometric characteristics of the image formed on the sheet. This allows the printing device 107 to suppress the variation in the geometric characteristics of the image caused by the variation in the temperature inside the machine.

[0043] The adjustment image formed on the adjustment chart may be an image for detecting image density or an image for detecting color shift, in addition to an image for detecting geometric characteristics. When the adjustment image for detecting image density is formed, the CPU 222 generates image forming conditions for suppressing fluctuations in image density based on the reading result of the CIS 321 (or CIS 322). The CPU 222 controls the intensity of the light source of the exposure unit 227 based on the image forming conditions, thereby adjusting the image density of the printing device 107 to an ideal image density. Alternatively, the CPU 222 generates a one-dimensional gradation correction table for suppressing fluctuations in image density based on the reading result of the CIS 321 (or CIS 322). The CPU 222 converts image data based on the gradation correction table. The printing device 107 forms an image on a sheet based on the image data converted by the CPU 222, thereby adjusting the image density of the printing device 107 to an ideal image density.

[0044] Furthermore, when an adjustment image for detecting color misregistration is formed, the CPU 222 detects the color misregistration based on the reading result of the CIS 321 (or CIS 322). The CPU 222 corrects the color misregistration by controlling the position of the image formed on the photoconductor by the exposure unit 227 based on the detected color misregistration.

[0045] The adjustment image may be printed as an adjustment chart on a sheet different from the user image, or may be printed on the same sheet as the user image. When it is printed as an adjustment chart, the CPU 222 creates image data in which the adjustment chart is inserted between the user image on the Nth page and the user image on the N+1th page from the received image data every time the number of printed sheets reaches a predetermined number N. When the adjustment image is formed on the same sheet as the user image, it is preferable that the adjustment image is formed in the cutting area of ​​the sheet. This is because the adjustment image is removed from the deliverable by performing the cutting process. Here, the user image is an image included in the image data transferred from the client PC 103.

[0046] The image forming apparatus 101 of this embodiment is controlled based on a real-time adjustment mode in which an adjustment image is printed on the same sheet as the user image, and an interrupt adjustment mode in which an adjustment chart is printed for each predetermined number of sheets. The image forming apparatus 101 of this embodiment will be described in terms of a case in which an adjustment image for detecting geometric characteristics is formed. The user can set whether or not to correct the geometric characteristics using the operation unit 224 of the printing apparatus 107. Furthermore, when the correction of the geometric characteristics is to be performed, the user selects the adjustment mode from the real-time adjustment mode and the interrupt adjustment mode. The selection of the adjustment mode is not limited to the configuration using the operation unit 224, and may be a configuration in which the user selects the adjustment mode using the client PC 103, for example.

[0047] In the real-time adjustment mode of this embodiment, an adjustment image is printed on each page. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the state of sheet transportation in the real-time adjustment mode, and shows the state of printing an adjustment image on each page in the real-time adjustment mode. The sheet on which the adjustment image is printed passes through a transport path 323 on which CISs 321 and 322 are provided in order from the leftmost sheet to the rightmost sheet in the figure. As shown in FIG. 5, the adjustment image has V-shaped adjustment patches formed on the four corners of the sheet. A user image is also formed on the sheet on which the adjustment image is printed. The sheet on which both the adjustment image and the user image are formed is discharged to a stack tray 332.

[0048] In the interruption adjustment mode of the present embodiment, an adjustment chart is inserted every time a predetermined number of user images are formed. For example, an adjustment chart is inserted between a sheet on which an Nth page user image is formed and a sheet on which an N+1th page user image is formed. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the state of sheet conveyance in the interruption adjustment mode, and shows the state of adjustment charts being printed for every predetermined number of sheets in the interruption adjustment mode. In the schematic diagram of FIG. 6, similar to the schematic diagram of FIG. 5, the sheet on the left end passes through the conveyance path 323 on which the CISs 321 and 32 are provided in order from the sheet on the left end to the sheet on the right end in the figure. As shown in FIG. 6, the adjustment chart has V-shaped adjustment patches formed at the four corners of the sheet. Here, no user image is formed on the adjustment chart. In the interruption adjustment mode, the adjustment chart is discharged to a tray different from the sheet on which the user image is formed. The sheet on which the user image is formed is discharged to the stack tray 332, and the adjustment chart is discharged to the discharge tray 328.

[0049] As described above, the adjustment chart is removed so as not to be mixed in the printed matter corresponding to the print job. For that purpose, the printing apparatus 107 is provided with a flapper 324, a discharge path 326, a transport sensor 327, and a discharge tray 328. The adjustment chart, the image of which (adjustment image) has been read by the CIS 321, 322, is transported to the discharge path 326 by the flapper 324. The sheet transported to the discharge path 326 is discharged to the discharge tray 328.

[0050] If the sheet is not an adjustment chart, the sheet is transported from the transport path 323 to the downstream transport path 325 by the flapper 324. The sheet transported to the downstream transport path 325 is delivered to the finisher 109. When the printing device 107 receives a notification of the occurrence of a transport jam from the finisher 109, the printing device 107 switches the flapper 324 to the discharge path 326 side, regardless of whether the sheet is an adjustment chart or not, and discharges all sheets (residual sheets) in the machine to the discharge tray 328. Discharging the residual sheets to the discharge tray 328 reduces the burden on the user of clearing the jam.

[0051] The finisher 109 can stack sheets delivered from the printing device 107. The finisher 109 includes a transport path 331 and a stack tray 332 for stacking sheets. The transport path 331 is provided with transport sensors 333, 334, 335, and 336. Sheets transported from the printing device 107 are stacked on the stack tray 332 via the transport path 331. The transport sensors 333, 334, 335, and 336 detect the passage of a sheet transported along the transport path 331. If the transport sensors 333, 334, 335, and 336 do not detect the leading or trailing end of the sheet in the transport direction even after a predetermined time has elapsed since the start of sheet transport, the CPU 242 determines that a transport jam (transport abnormality) has occurred in the finisher 109. In this case, the CPU 242 notifies the printing device 107 that a transport jam has occurred.

[0052] FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of information stored in the memory 223 of the printing device 107. The memory 223 stores information used for shading correction and geometric characteristic correction. The information used for shading correction is a correction coefficient (shading correction value) obtained from the reading result of the white reference plates 352 and 355. The information used for image position adjustment is the adjustment patch position for the front side (front) and the adjustment patch position for the back side (rear) obtained from the reading result of the adjustment chart. In addition, the memory 223 stores correction values ​​for adjusting the geometric characteristics. The correction values ​​for adjusting the geometric characteristics include leading edge position correction, left edge position correction, main scanning direction magnification, etc. The correction values ​​for adjusting the geometric characteristics are used when the printing device 107 forms an image.

[0053] The memory 223 also stores the interval at which an adjustment chart is created in the interrupt adjustment mode (adjustment chart insertion interval). An adjustment chart is created every time a predetermined number of sheets are printed. In other words, the correction values ​​for adjusting the geometric characteristics in the interrupt adjustment mode are updated every time a predetermined number of sheets are printed. The predetermined number can be changed based on number instruction information from the user. The number instruction information is, for example, an integer greater than 0. The adjustment interval for the print position is set based on the number instruction information.

[0054] 8 is an explanatory diagram of a setting screen for setting an interval for creating an adjustment chart in the interrupt adjustment mode. The setting screen is displayed on the display 225 by the CPU 222. The adjustment chart is created in the adjustment mode, which is set by the user using the operation unit 224.

[0055] Fig. 8(a) shows the initial screen. When the user selects the softkey "Advanced Mode" from the initial screen, the CPU 222 displays the advanced mode selection screen of Fig. 8(b) on the display 225. When the user selects the softkey "Adjust" from the advanced mode selection screen, the CPU 222 displays the adjustment mode selection screen of Fig. 8(c) on the display 225. Selection of "Adjust" puts the printing device 107 into adjustment mode. When the user selects the softkey "Close" from the advanced mode selection screen, the CPU 222 displays the initial screen on the display 225.

[0056] The real-time adjustment mode is selected by the user selecting the soft key "real-time" from the adjustment mode selection screen. The CPU 222 notifies the external controller 102 of the setting contents. When instructing the printing device 107 to form an image according to the print job, the external controller 102 notifies the printing of an adjustment image in the margin area.

[0057] When the user selects the softkey "Predetermined Interval" on the adjustment mode selection screen, the CPU 222 displays the insertion interval setting screen of Fig. 8(d) on the display 225. When the user selects the softkey "Back" on the adjustment mode selection screen, the CPU 222 displays the application mode selection screen on the display 225.

[0058] When the user inputs the number of sheets for the insertion interval using the numeric keypad on the insertion interval setting screen and selects the soft key "OK", the CPU 222 sets the number of sheets for the insertion interval of the adjustment chart. When "OK" is selected, the CPU 222 stores the number of sheets for the insertion interval input on the insertion interval setting screen in the memory 223. When the user selects the soft key "Back" from the insertion interval setting screen, the CPU 222 displays an adjustment mode selection screen on the display 225.

[0059] The CPU 222 notifies the external controller 102 of the number of sheets for the insertion interval stored in the memory 223. The external controller 102 stores the notified number of sheets for the insertion interval in the memory 209. When printing is performed on the sheets for the number of sheets for the insertion interval, the external controller 102 instructs the printing device 107 to create an adjustment chart. For example, when "200" is entered on the insertion interval setting screen and "OK" is selected, the printing device 107 is instructed by the external controller 102 to print an adjustment chart every time 200 sheets are printed. When a print job instructs printing 1000 sheets, the printing device 107 creates adjustment charts between pages 200 and 201, between pages 400 and 401, between pages 600 and 601, and between pages 800 and 801.

[0060] As described above, the predetermined number (insertion interval number) which is the timing for creating the adjustment chart is set. Here, an example has been described in which the insertion interval number is set by the printing device 107, but the insertion interval number may also be set by the external controller 102 or the client PC 103. When the external controller 102 is used, each screen in FIG. 8 is displayed on the display 212. When the client PC 103 is used, each screen in FIG. 8 is displayed on the display 205. The set insertion interval number is notified to the external controller 102 from the client PC 103.

[0061] (Shading correction) Initial adjustment including shading correction is performed on the CISs 321 and 322. Here, the initial adjustment of the CIS 321 will be described, but the initial adjustment of the CIS 322 is performed in the same manner.

[0062] When the CPU 222 starts the initial adjustment, it moves the LED 350 and the reading sensor 351 to directly above the white reference plate 352 by a CIS drive motor (not shown). Here, the position directly above the white reference plate 352 is set as the shading reading position. When the movement is completed, the CPU 222 turns on the LED 350 to read the image of the white reference plate 352, and calculates a gain adjustment value for the CIS 321 according to the reading result. After the CPU 222 reads the white reference plate 352 at the shading reading position, it moves the LED 350 and the reading sensor 351 to the chart reading position shown in FIG. 4 by a CIS drive motor (not shown).

[0063] 9 is an explanatory diagram of gain adjustment. The horizontal axis indicates each pixel position when one line of the image of the white reference plate 352 is read in the main scanning direction. The vertical axis indicates the read result (brightness value) of each pixel position. The dotted line A indicates the brightness value characteristics when the white reference plate 352 is read with the initial settings at startup. The maximum brightness value of "white" is indicated by "Tgt0".

[0064] Due to the light distribution characteristics of the LED 350 and the reading sensor 351, the maximum value of the reading result (brightness value) of the white reference plate 352 in the initial setting does not match the expected brightness value Tgt0 of "white". The reading result is uniformly amplified by the amplifier circuit in the image processing unit 232 so that the maximum value of the brightness value of the reading result matches Tgt0. This amplification factor is the gain adjustment value. The characteristic of the brightness value for one line after adjustment by the gain adjustment value is indicated by the solid line B. The CPU 222 calculates the gain adjustment value and sets the calculated gain adjustment value in the image processing unit 232 to reflect it in subsequent readings.

[0065] As shown in Fig. 9, even if the CIS 321 reads the white reference plate 352, which has a uniform color over its entire surface, the brightness value characteristics of the read result vary depending on the pixel position in the main scanning direction. In order to correct this variation, shading correction is performed. After setting the gain adjustment value in the image processing unit 232, the CPU 222 reads the image of the white reference plate 352 again using the CIS 321, and generates a shading correction value based on the read result.

[0066] FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of shading correction values. The solid line in FIG. 10(a) shows the characteristics of the luminance value for one line after gain adjustment. The horizontal axis shows the pixel position in the main scanning direction. The vertical axis shows the luminance value at each pixel position. It is preferable that the reading result (luminance value) of a white reference plate 352 of uniform density is a uniform luminance value of "white." The luminance indicating "white" is the target value Tgt. The value of the target value Tgt is greater than the maximum luminance value Tgt0, and is determined in advance depending on the contents of the job to be executed.

[0067] As shown by the arrows in FIG. 10(a), the CPU 222 calculates a shading correction value for each pixel in the main scanning direction so that the luminance value of one line becomes the target value Tgt at each pixel position. The size of the arrow at each pixel position corresponds to the shading correction value. The calculated shading correction value is stored in the memory 223 for each pixel position in the main scanning direction through the image processing unit 232. FIG. 10(b) shows the shading correction value for each pixel in the main scanning direction. When the image is read by the CIS 321, the shading correction value at the corresponding pixel position is reflected in the reading result of each pixel (shading correction is performed). This allows the CPU 222 to suppress variations between the pixels (light receiving elements) of the LED 350 and the reading sensor 351 and obtain a uniform reading result. After the shading correction, the CPU 222 can store the reading result of the image after the shading correction in the memory 223.

[0068] Shading correction needs to be performed every time the number of sheets passing through the reading positions of the CIS 321 and 322 reaches a predetermined number. Here, a case where shading correction is performed every 100 sheets will be described, but the predetermined number may be any number. The predetermined number is the number of sheets passing through the reading positions of the CIS 321 and 322, and is not related to whether the CIS 321 and 322 read the image of the sheet. The CPU 222 performs shading correction of the CIS 321 and 322 when 100 sheets are conveyed. Also, a configuration may be used in which shading correction is performed every time the accumulated lighting time of the LED 350 reaches a predetermined time. Alternatively, a configuration may be used in which a temperature sensor is provided in the CIS 321, and shading correction is performed when the detected temperature of the temperature sensor changes by a predetermined temperature or more. The shading correction of the CIS 321 can be performed even during sheet conveyance because the LED 350 and the reading sensor 351 move directly above the white reference plate 352. Similarly, shading correction of the CIS 322 can also be performed while the sheet is being transported.

[0069] (Adjustment of image formation conditions during shading correction) FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing the adjustment process of the image forming conditions using the adjustment chart during shading correction.

[0070] FIG. 11(a) is a flowchart of the image forming process for one page. The CPU 222 calculates an adjustment value of the image forming conditions from the read result of the adjustment chart stored in the memory 223 and stores it in the memory 223. The adjustment value of the image forming conditions is, for example, a difference between a detected geometric characteristic and an ideal geometric characteristic. The CPU 222 calculates an adjustment value from the read result of the adjustment chart and stores it in the memory 223 (S1001). The CPU 222 performs affine transformation on the image data based on the adjustment value stored in the memory 223, and prints an image on a sheet based on the transformed image data (S1002). In the real-time adjustment mode, the CPU 222 forms a user image and an adjustment image for each page. In the interruption adjustment mode, the CPU 222 prints a user image according to a print job on a sheet, and when the user image is printed on a predetermined number of sheets according to the adjustment chart insertion interval, the CPU 222 prints an adjustment image on the sheet. The adjustment chart is created by printing the adjustment image on the sheet.

[0071] 11B is a flowchart showing the adjustment chart reading process. The shading correction of this embodiment is performed every time 100 pages of images are formed. The CPU 222 reads the adjustment image by the image reading unit 231 (CIS 321, 322) (S2001). The CPU 222 increments the correction counter cnt, which indicates the number of sheets that have passed the reading positions of the CIS 321, 322, by one (S2002).

[0072] The CPU 222 determines whether shading correction has been performed while reading the adjustment image (S2003). If shading correction has not been performed (S2003: N), the CPU 222 updates the reading result of the adjustment image stored in the memory 223 to the reading result by the process of S2001 (S2004). The reading result of the adjustment image stored in the memory 223 is used to calculate the adjustment value. If shading correction has been performed (S2003: Y), the CPU 222 does not update the reading result of the adjustment image stored in the memory 223. Since the adjustment image cannot be read while shading correction is being performed, the CPU 222 cannot update the reading result.

[0073] Thereafter, the CPU 222 determines whether or not to perform shading correction based on the correction counter cnt. The CPU 222 determines whether or not to perform shading correction based on whether or not the correction counter cnt is greater than a predetermined threshold cnt_th (S2005). As described above, the shading correction is performed each time a predetermined number of sheets pass through the reading positions of the CISs 321 and 322. The threshold cnt_th is this predetermined number, which is 100 in this embodiment.

[0074] If the correction counter cnt is equal to or less than the threshold cnt_th, that is, equal to or less than 100 sheets (S2005: N), the CPU 222 ends the process without performing shading correction. If the correction counter cnt is greater than the threshold cnt_th, that is, greater than 100 sheets (S2005: Y), the CPU 222 starts shading correction (S2006). After the shading correction, the CPU 222 ends the process.

[0075] As described above, in this embodiment, the periodic execution of shading correction by the CIS 321 and 322 and the reading process of the adjustment image are performed in parallel. This makes it possible to suppress a decrease in productivity due to shading correction. In this case, the adjustment image during shading correction is not applied to the adjustment value during printing because it is not read.

[0076] Second embodiment Regardless of the adjustment mode, when the time to perform shading correction arrives, the image forming apparatus 101 of the first embodiment prioritizes the reading operation of the white reference plate 352 even if the adjustment image passes the reading position. Therefore, even if an adjustment chart is printed in the interrupt adjustment mode, shading correction may be prioritized, and reading of the adjustment chart may be skipped. If reading of the adjustment chart is skipped, deviations in the geometric characteristics of the image cannot be corrected with high accuracy until the next adjustment value is updated.

[0077] Therefore, in the interrupt adjustment mode, the image forming apparatus 101 of this embodiment controls the timing at which the adjustment chart passes the reading position so that the reading of the adjustment chart is not skipped by executing shading correction. For example, the CPU 222 determines whether the reading of the adjustment chart is to be skipped, and if the reading is to be skipped, delays the formation of the adjustment chart and the transport of the sheet on which the adjustment chart is printed.

[0078] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the state of sheet conveyance in the real-time adjustment mode, and shows ON / OFF of the reading operation of the CIS 321 and the type of read data acquired in the reading operation. In FIG. 5, even after the execution timing (execution request) of the shading correction arrives, the timing of forming the adjustment image and the user image is not delayed. As shown in FIG. 5, the read data of the adjustment image is acquired from the left end to the third page, and while the sheets of the fourth and fifth pages pass the reading position, the read data of the adjustment image is not acquired. While the sheets of the fourth and fifth pages pass the reading position, the read data of the white reference plate 352 is acquired. Then, acquisition of the read data of the adjustment image is resumed from the timing when the sheet of the sixth page passes the reading position.

[0079] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the state of sheet conveyance in the interrupt adjustment mode, and shows ON or OFF of the reading operation of the CIS 321 and the type of read data acquired in the reading operation. In FIG. 6, after the execution timing (execution request) of the shading correction arrives, the adjustment chart does not reach the reading position. This is because the formation timing of the adjustment image is delayed. At this time, the formation of the adjustment patch on the photoconductor is not started. After that, the CPU 222 controls the formation timing of the adjustment patch on the photoconductor so that the adjustment chart reaches the reading position after the reading of the white reference plate 352 is completed. As shown in FIG. 6, the read data of the white reference plate 352 is acquired during the period from when the third page from the left end passes the reading position until the adjustment chart passes the reading position, and the adjustment chart passes the reading position after the CIS 321 is shifted to a state where the chart can be read. Since the reading of the white reference plate 352 and the reading of the adjustment chart are executed sequentially, the reading of the adjustment chart is not skipped.

[0080] According to the image forming apparatus 101 of the present embodiment, in the real-time adjustment mode, the decrease in productivity due to the execution of shading correction can be suppressed, and in the interrupt adjustment mode, the skipping of detection of the geometric characteristics of the image can be suppressed. In the real-time adjustment mode, the time from the completion of reading the white reference plate 352 to the next reading of the adjustment image is short. Therefore, even if the update of the adjustment value is delayed due to the reading of the white reference plate 352, the influence on the deviation of the geometric characteristics is small. In the interrupt adjustment mode, the reading of the white reference plate 352 is prioritized, so that the time until the next reading of the adjustment image is extended. If the adjustment value is not updated due to the reading of the white reference plate 352, the deviation of the geometric characteristics is not suppressed. Therefore, in the interrupt adjustment mode, the image forming apparatus 101 of the present embodiment delays the formation of the adjustment chart to suppress the deterioration of image quality caused by skipping the reading of the adjustment chart.

[0081] (Modification) A process for suppressing a decrease in productivity while maintaining the accuracy of the image position based on the result of reading the adjustment chart by the CIS 321 and 322 at a certain level will be described. In this embodiment, the image forming apparatus 101 operates in two operation modes: an image quality priority mode in which maintaining image quality is prioritized, and a productivity priority mode in which productivity is prioritized. In the image quality priority mode, reading of the adjustment chart by the CIS 321 and 322 is prioritized, and creation and reading of the adjustment chart are put on hold until shading correction is completed. In the productivity priority mode, shading correction is performed while reading the adjustment chart as shown in FIG. 11(b). The image quality priority mode and the productivity priority mode are switched depending on the frequency of creation and reading of the adjustment chart. The productivity priority mode is omitted because it is the process shown in FIG. 11(b).

[0082] (Switching operation modes) When the number of sheets between insertions of the adjustment chart is greater than a predetermined threshold (e.g., 50 sheets), the frequency of reading the adjustment chart decreases. In this case, the operation mode is set to an image quality priority mode in which the reading of the adjustment chart is delayed until the shading correction is completed, and the adjustment chart is reliably read.

[0083] When the insertion interval of the adjustment chart is smaller than the threshold value, the adjustment chart is read more frequently. This makes it possible to further suppress fluctuations in the print position of the image formed by the printing device 107. In this case, the operation mode is set to a productivity priority mode in which the reading of the adjustment chart and shading correction are performed in parallel.

[0084] (Shading correction and adjustment image reading timing) FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of shading correction and adjustment chart reading timing for each operation mode. FIG. 12(a) shows shading correction and adjustment chart reading timing in productivity priority mode. FIG. 12(a) illustrates the timing when the first to sixth sheets pass the reading position of CIS321, the timing when images are formed on the tenth to sixteenth sheets, and the timing when the adjustment chart reading result is updated. FIG. 12(b) shows shading correction and adjustment chart reading timing in image quality priority mode. FIG. 12(b) illustrates the timing when the first to sixth sheets pass the reading position of CIS321, the timing when images are formed on the tenth to fifteenth sheets, and the timing when the adjustment chart reading result is updated.

[0085] In the case of FIG. 12(a), shading correction starts immediately after the rear end of the second sheet (adjustment chart) has been read. In parallel with the shading correction, the adjustment chart passes the reading positions of the CISs 321 and 322. The CPU 222 of the printing device 107 does not adopt the reading results of the adjustment chart during shading correction in adjusting the image formation conditions. Specifically, the image formation positions of the 13th to 15th sheets, on which image formation starts after the rear end of the third sheet (adjustment chart) that passes the reading position during shading correction, are not adjusted. This is because the reading results stored in the memory 223 have not been updated by the reading results of the third to fifth sheets (adjustment charts).

[0086] When reading of a sheet that is not affected by shading correction, such as the sixth sheet (adjustment chart), is completed, the reading result in the memory 223 is updated. Therefore, for the 16th and subsequent sheets, the image forming positions are adjusted based on the reading result.

[0087] In the case of FIG. 12(b), shading correction is started immediately after the rear end of the second sheet (adjustment chart) is read. The printing device 107 does not read the adjustment chart or print an image by a print job at the timing when shading correction is performed. Since the adjustment chart is not read during shading correction, the read result stored in the memory 223 is not updated. When the adjustment chart (third sheet) is read after shading correction, the read result stored in the memory 223 is updated. Therefore, an image is formed on the twelfth sheet in which the image formation position is adjusted based on the latest adjustment chart read result. In this way, even if the timing of shading correction and the timing of reading the adjustment chart are simultaneous, image quality is maintained by delaying the timing of reading the adjustment chart.

[0088] 13 is a flowchart showing the printing process in the image quality priority mode. As described above, in the image quality priority mode, the reading of the adjustment chart and the printing of an image by a print job are suspended until the shading correction is completed.

[0089] The CPU 222 determines whether or not shading correction has been performed immediately before printing (S3001). If shading correction has been performed immediately before (S3001: Y), the CPU 222 determines whether or not the time required for shading correction has elapsed since the end of image formation on the immediately previous sheet (S3002). If the time required for shading correction has not elapsed (S3002: N), the CPU 222 waits until the time required for shading correction has elapsed. In other words, the CPU 222 waits until the shading correction is completed.

[0090] If the time required for shading correction has elapsed (S3002: Y), the CPU 222 calculates an image position adjustment value based on the reading result of the adjustment chart stored in the memory 223 (S3003). This reading result is the result read from the adjustment chart after shading correction. If shading correction has not been performed immediately before (S3001: N), the CPU 222 calculates an image position adjustment value based on the reading result of the adjustment chart stored in the memory 223 without waiting for the shading correction to finish (S3003). The CPU 222 performs printing according to the calculated image position adjustment value (S3004). This ends the printing process in the image quality priority mode.

[0091] The operation mode may be switched by user selection in addition to the insertion interval number and the threshold value. Fig. 14 is a diagram showing an example of an operation mode selection screen. The CPU 222 displays such a selection screen on the display 225. The user selects an operation mode through the operation unit 224 in accordance with the selection screen on the display 225. The operation mode is switched by the user's selection.

[0092] As described above, by switching between the productivity priority mode and the image quality priority mode, it is possible to suppress a decrease in productivity while maintaining the adjustment accuracy of the image position based on the read results of the CISs 321 and 322 at a certain level or higher.

Claims

1. an image forming means for forming an image on a sheet based on image forming conditions; a reading means for reading the image for adjusting the image forming conditions formed on the sheet; a storage means for storing the result of reading the adjustment image by the reading means; an adjustment unit that adjusts the image forming conditions based on the read result stored in the storage unit; a reference plate used for shading correction of the reading means; a correction means for performing shading correction based on a result of reading the reference plate by the reading means; and a control means for not updating the reading result stored in the storage means with the reading result of the adjustment image when the shading correction and the conveyance of the sheet on which the adjustment image is formed to the reading position of the reading means are performed in parallel. Image forming device.

2. the control means updates the read result stored in the storage means with the read result of the adjustment image by the reading means after the shading correction is completed.

2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1.

3. The control means causes the correction means to perform the shading correction each time the number of the sheets that have passed a reading position of the reading means reaches a predetermined number.

3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1 or 2.

4. the control means does not allow the reading means to read an image formed on the sheet passing through the reading position while the shading correction is being performed. The image forming apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. the control means waits for the reading means to read the adjustment image when the shading correction is being performed, and when the shading correction is completed, causes the reading means to read the adjustment image, and updates the reading result stored in the storage means with the reading result. The image forming apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

6. the control means waits for the image forming means to form an image on the sheet while the shading correction is being performed, and causes the image forming means to form an image on the sheet when the shading correction is completed.

6. The image forming apparatus according to claim 5.

7. The control means a first operation mode in which the reading means is not caused to read the adjustment image formed on the sheet passing through the reading position while the shading correction is being performed; a second operation mode in which, during the timing when the shading correction is being performed, the reading of the adjustment image by the reading means is awaited, and when the shading correction is completed, the reading means is caused to read the adjustment image, and the reading result stored in the storage means is updated with the reading result. The image forming apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

8. the control means causes the image forming means to form the adjustment image on the sheet each time the number of sheets on which the image is formed by the image forming means reaches a predetermined insertion interval number, and operates in the first operation mode when the insertion interval number is greater than a predetermined threshold, and operates in the second operation mode when the insertion interval number is smaller than the predetermined threshold.

8. The image forming apparatus according to claim 7.

9. The present invention is characterized in that the input means is provided for setting either the first operation mode or the second operation mode.

8. The image forming apparatus according to claim 7.

Images