Venturi device with forced induction

Abstract

A venturi device having a primary flow path and a secondary flow path introduced into the secondary flow path, wherein the flow of one or more flow media in the primary and secondary flow paths forms a vortex that generates suction at the inlet of the venturi device.A system incorporating a venturi device, wherein the primary flow path is charged with energy in the form of thermal energy from the surrounding environment through the formation of a flow induced vortex.A supercharger system incorporating a venturi device, wherein the primary flow of air to the engine is compressed with exhaust gases that are recirculated through the secondary flow path.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] (CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS) This application claims priority to International Patent Application No. PCT / IB2021 / 000237, filed April 27, 2021, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety and made a part of this disclosure. Related German Application Nos. DE102019003025.7, filed April 26, 2019, and DE102019006055.5, filed September 4, 2019, are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties and made a part of this disclosure. All applications in which a foreign or domestic priority claim is identified in an Application Data Sheet filed with this application are hereby incorporated by reference pursuant to 37 CFR 1.57.

[0002] The present disclosure relates to Venturi devices and applications thereof. [Background technology]

[0003] The demand for energy for various applications has increased dramatically over the past century, which has led to the need to harvest energy from various sources. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] The foregoing summary and the following detailed description are not intended to limit or define the scope of protection, which is defined by the claims.

[0005] As the demand for energy increases, so does the demand to harvest energy from untapped or undeveloped sources, especially from readily available sources. Accordingly, disclosed herein are various devices and systems that address one or more of these problems. For example, disclosed herein are devices and systems that incorporate a Venturi device with forced induction to harvest or recycle energy for consumption. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] In some configurations, disclosed herein is a system for converting ambient thermal energy to electrical energy. The system can include a fluid loop capable of circulating a primary flow of fluid. The system can include a pump that can be disposed on the fluid loop. The pump can drive the circulation of the primary flow through the fluid loop. The system can include a first Venturi device disposed on the fluid loop and upstream of the pump, and a second Venturi device disposed on the fluid loop and downstream of the pump. Each of the first and second Venturi devices can include an inlet that can receive the primary flow. Each of the first and second Venturi devices can include an outlet that can discharge the primary flow. Each of the first and second Venturi devices can include a body disposed between the inlet and the outlet. The body can include a converging portion that can increase the velocity of the primary flow and reduce the pressure of the primary flow. The body can include a diverging portion that can decrease the velocity of the primary flow and increase the pressure of the primary flow. The body can include a throat disposed between the converging portion and the diverging portion. The throat may include a diameter smaller than a diameter of the convergence section and a diameter of the divergence section, and the movement of the primary flow through the convergence section, the throat, and the divergence may create a Venturi effect that reduces the temperature of the primary flow upstream of the divergence so that thermal energy from the ambient environment outside the body is transferred to the primary flow. The body may include an annular chamber capable of receiving a secondary flow of fluid. The body may include an annular passage disposed downstream of the throat. The annular passage may surround the primary flow and induce the secondary flow from the annular chamber into the primary flow at an angle to a flow direction of the primary flow to form a vortex to create suction at the inlet to suck the primary flow into the body through the inlet, reduce the temperature of the primary flow upstream of the divergence so that thermal energy from the ambient environment outside the body is transferred to the primary flow, and increase the temperature and pressure of the primary flow downstream of the throat before being discharged through the outlet. The system may include turbines disposed in the fluid loop upstream of the first venturi device and downstream of the second venturi device.The turbine can be driven by the primary flow. The system can include a generator capable of driving the turbine to generate electrical energy from thermal energy of the surrounding environment to power the pump.

[0007] In some configurations, the secondary flow may flow from the turbine to an annular chamber of the first venturi device and to an annular chamber of the second venturi device.

[0008] In some configurations, the system may include a conduit that may be fluidly connected to the turbine, the annular chamber of the first venturi device, and the annular chamber of the second venturi device. The conduit may recirculate the secondary flow from the primary flow to the annular chamber of the first venturi device and the annular chamber of the second venturi device.

[0009] In some configurations, the secondary flow may flow from the pump to an annular chamber of the first venturi device and to an annular chamber of the second venturi device.

[0010] In some configurations, the system may include a conduit that may be fluidly connected to the pump, the annular chamber of the first venturi device, and the annular chamber of the second venturi device, the conduit may recirculate the secondary flow from the primary flow to the annular chamber of the first venturi device and to the annular chamber of the second venturi device.

[0011] In some configurations, the system can include a conduit that can be fluidly connected to the fluid loop. The conduit can recirculate the secondary flow from the primary flow to the annular chambers of the first and second Venturi devices.

[0012] In some configurations, the cross-sectional flow area of ​​the annular passage may be smaller than the cross-sectional flow area of ​​the input from the conduit to the annular chamber.

[0013] In some configurations, the pump can include a motor that can be powered by an external power source until the generator produces enough electrical energy to power the motor.

[0014] In some configurations, the converging section can include a cross-sectional flow area that decreases in size in a flow direction of the primary flow.The converging section can include a cross-sectional flow area that continuously decreases in size in a flow direction of the primary flow.

[0015] In some configurations, the cross-sectional flow area of ​​the convergent section may be circular.

[0016] In some configurations, the convergence may define a flow region having a conical shape.

[0017] In some configurations, the bifurcation can include a cross-sectional flow area that increases in magnitude in a flow direction of the primary flow. The bifurcation can include a continuously increasing cross-sectional flow area in a flow direction of the primary flow.

[0018] In some configurations, the cross-sectional flow area of ​​the branch may be circular.

[0019] In some configurations, the magnitude of the cross-sectional flow area of ​​the converging section may change more rapidly than the magnitude of the cross-sectional flow area of ​​the diverging section per unit length.

[0020] In some configurations, the bifurcation may include a flow region having a conical shape.

[0021] In some configurations, the length of the diverging section may be greater than the length of the converging section.

[0022] In some configurations, the fluid loop may include a tube.

[0023] In some configurations, the convergent section may be a first convergent section, and the body of each of the first and second Venturi devices may include a second convergent section disposed between the divergent section and the annular passage.

[0024] In some configurations, the second convergence can include a cross-sectional flow area that decreases in size in a flow direction of the primary flow. The second convergence can include a cross-sectional flow area that continuously decreases in size in a flow direction of the primary flow.

[0025] In some configurations, the throat can be the junction of a converging section and a diverging section. In some configurations, the throat can be the constriction between the converging section and the diverging section.

[0026] In some configurations, the throat may include a circular cross-sectional area.

[0027] In some configurations, the annular passage may be adjustable to adjust the input of the secondary flow to the primary flow.

[0028] In some configurations, the annular passage may be an annular gap.

[0029] In some configurations, the annular passage may be a ring gap.

[0030] In some configurations, the annular chamber can distribute the secondary flow throughout the annular chamber.

[0031] In some configurations, the annular chamber may include a Coanda surface configured to distribute the incoming secondary flow throughout the annular chamber.

[0032] In some configurations, the annular passage may include a Coanda surface.

[0033] In some configurations, the system can include one or more conduits fluidly connected to the fluid loop, the one or more conduits capable of recirculating the secondary flow from the primary flow to the annular chambers of the first and second Venturi devices at multiple connections around each of the annular chambers.

[0034] In some configurations, multiple connections may be distributed circumferentially about each of the annular chambers.

[0035] In some configurations, each connection of the plurality of connections may be distributed 22.5 degrees from adjacent input locations of the plurality of input locations.

[0036] In some configurations, the system can be self-amplified by thermal energy from the surrounding environment.

[0037] In some configurations, the turbine can accelerate as thermal energy from the surrounding environment is transferred to the primary flow.

[0038] In some configurations, the annular chamber may surround the primary flow.

[0039] In some configurations, the annular passage may be located downstream of the bifurcation.

[0040] In some configurations, the first Venturi device may be disposed at a first location on the fluid loop between the pump and the turbine. The turbine may be disposed at a second location on the fluid loop between the first Venturi device and the second Venturi device. The pump may be disposed at a third location on the fluid loop between the first Venturi device and the second Venturi device.

[0041] In some configurations, the annular passage may be disposed between the bifurcation and the outlet.

[0042] In some configurations, disclosed herein is a system for converting ambient thermal energy to electrical energy. The system can include a fluid loop capable of circulating a primary flow of fluid. The system can include a pump disposed on the fluid loop. The pump can drive the circulation of the primary flow through the fluid loop. The system can include a first venturi device disposed on the fluid loop and upstream of the pump, and a second venturi device disposed on the fluid loop and downstream of the pump. Each of the first and second venturi devices can include an inlet configured to receive the primary flow. Each of the first and second venturi devices can include an outlet configured to exhaust the primary flow. Each of the first and second venturi devices can include a body disposed between the inlet and the outlet. The body can include a converging portion capable of increasing a velocity of the primary flow and decreasing a pressure of the primary flow. The body can include a diverging portion capable of decreasing a velocity of the primary flow and increasing a pressure of the primary flow. The movement of the primary flow through the convergence and divergence can create a Venturi effect that reduces the temperature of the primary flow upstream of the divergence so that thermal energy from the surrounding environment outside the body is transferred to the primary flow. The body can include an annular chamber that can receive a secondary flow of fluid. The body can include an annular passage that can be disposed downstream of the convergence. The annular passage can surround the primary flow and direct the secondary flow from the annular chamber to the primary flow at an angle to the flow direction of the primary flow, forming a vortex to create suction at the inlet to suck the primary flow into the body through the inlet, reducing the temperature of the primary flow upstream of the divergence so that thermal energy from the surrounding environment outside the body is transferred to the primary flow, and increasing the temperature and pressure of the primary flow downstream of the convergence before being discharged through the outlet. The system can include a turbine disposed in the fluid loop upstream of the first Venturi device and downstream of the second Venturi device. The turbine can be driven by the primary flow. The system may include a generator that may be driven by the turbine to generate electrical energy for powering the pump from thermal energy in the surrounding environment.

[0043] In some configurations, the body can include a throat disposed between the converging portion and the diverging portion. The throat can include a diameter that is smaller than a diameter of the converging portion and a diameter of the diverging portion.

[0044] In some configurations, disclosed herein is a system for converting thermal energy to electrical energy. The system can include a fluid loop capable of circulating a primary flow of fluid. The system can include a pump disposed on the fluid loop. The pump can drive the circulation of the primary flow through the fluid loop. The system can include a Venturi device disposed on the fluid loop. The Venturi device can include an inlet capable of accepting the primary flow of fluid. The Venturi device can include an outlet capable of discharging the primary flow. The Venturi device can include a body disposed between the inlet and the outlet. The body can include a convergence section and a divergence section disposed downstream of the convergence section. The movement of the primary flow through the convergence section and the divergence section can create a Venturi effect that can reduce the temperature of the primary flow upstream of the divergence section such that thermal energy from an ambient environment outside the body is transferred to the primary flow. The juvenile can include a secondary input disposed downstream of the convergence section. The secondary input may direct the secondary flow of fluid into the primary flow at an angle relative to a flow direction of the primary flow, forming a vortex to create suction at the inlet to draw the primary flow into the body through the inlet, reducing the temperature of the primary flow upstream of the divergence so that thermal energy from the surrounding environment outside the body is transferred to the primary flow, and increasing the temperature and pressure of the primary flow downstream of the convergence before being discharged through the outlet. The system may include a turbine that may be disposed within the fluid loop. The turbine may be driven by the primary flow. The system may include a generator that may be driven by the turbine to generate electrical energy to power the pump.

[0045] In some configurations, the secondary input may be an annular passage.

[0046] In some configurations, the secondary input may include one or more openings.

[0047] In some configurations, the secondary input may include multiple openings.

[0048] In some configurations, the secondary input may include an annular gap.

[0049] In some configurations, the secondary input may include a ring gap.

[0050] In some configurations, the secondary input can surround the primary flow through the body.

[0051] In some configurations, the secondary input may circumferentially surround the primary flow through the body.

[0052] In some configurations, the secondary input can include one or more openings that can be distributed circumferentially relative to the flow path of the primary flow. The secondary input can direct the secondary flow radially inward toward the primary flow.

[0053] In some configurations, the body can include a throat disposed between the converging portion and the diverging portion. The throat can include a diameter that is smaller than a diameter of the converging portion and a diameter of the diverging portion.

[0054] In some configurations, the body can include an annular chamber that can receive and direct the secondary flow to the secondary input.

[0055] In some configurations, the annular chamber can surround the primary flow through the body.

[0056] In some configurations, the system can include a conduit fluidly connected to the fluid loop. The conduit can recirculate the secondary flow from the primary flow to the venturi device.

[0057] In some configurations, the system may include multiple secondary inputs.

[0058] In some configurations, the secondary flow may flow from the turbine to a venturi device.

[0059] In some configurations, the secondary flow can flow from the pump to a venturi device.

[0060] In some configurations, the pump can include a motor that can be powered by an external power source until the generator produces enough electrical energy to power the motor.

[0061] In some configurations, the venturi device can be a first venturi device, and the system can further include a second venturi device disposed on the fluid loop.

[0062] In some configurations, a first Venturi device may be located upstream of the pump and downstream of the turbine, and a second Venturi device may be located downstream of the pump and upstream of the turbine.

[0063] In some configurations, the secondary flow may flow to first and second venturi devices.

[0064] In some configurations, the secondary flow may flow from the turbine to first and second venturi devices.

[0065] In some configurations, the secondary flow may flow from the pump to first and second venturi devices.

[0066] In some configurations, the secondary input may be located downstream of the bifurcation.

[0067] In some configurations, the converging section can include a cross-sectional flow area that decreases in size in a flow direction of the primary flow.The converging section can include a cross-sectional flow area that continuously decreases in size in a flow direction of the primary flow.

[0068] In some configurations, the bifurcation can include a cross-sectional flow area that increases in magnitude in a flow direction of the primary flow. The bifurcation can include a continuously increasing cross-sectional flow area in a flow direction of the primary flow.

[0069] In some configurations, the length of the diverging section may be greater than the length of the converging section.

[0070] In some configurations, the convergence section may be a first convergence section, and the system may further include a second convergence section, which may be disposed between the branch section and the secondary input.

[0071] In some configurations, the second convergence can include a cross-sectional flow area that decreases in size in a flow direction of the primary flow. The second convergence can include a cross-sectional flow area that continuously decreases in size in a flow direction of the primary flow.

[0072] In some configurations, the cross-sectional flow area of ​​the second convergent section may converge to a size that is smaller than the cross-sectional flow area of ​​the first convergent section and the cross-sectional flow area of ​​the divergent section.

[0073] In some configurations, the angle may be 90 degrees.

[0074] In some configurations, the angle may be between 60 degrees and 120 degrees.

[0075] In some configurations, the cross-sectional flow area of ​​the outlet can be smaller than the cross-sectional flow area of ​​the inlet.

[0076] In some configurations, the body may include a throat disposed between the converging portion and the diverging portion. A cross-sectional flow area of ​​the flow outlet may be smaller than a cross-sectional flow area of ​​the throat.

[0077] In some configurations, the converging section can be configured to increase the velocity of the primary flow and decrease the pressure of the primary flow, and the diverging section can decrease the velocity of the primary flow and increase the pressure of the primary flow.

[0078] In some configurations, the annular chamber may include a Coanda surface that may distribute the incoming secondary flow throughout the annular chamber.

[0079] In some configurations, the secondary input may include a Coanda surface.

[0080] In some configurations, a system for converting thermal energy to electrical energy is disclosed herein. The system can include a fluid loop configured to circulate a primary flow of fluid. The system can include a pump disposed on the fluid loop. The pump can drive the circulation of the primary flow through the fluid loop. The system can include a Venturi device disposed on the fluid loop. The Venturi device can include an inlet capable of receiving the primary flow of fluid. The Venturi device can include an outlet capable of discharging the primary flow. The Venturi device can include a body disposed between the inlet and the outlet. The body can include a converging section and a diverging section. The movement of the primary flow through the converging section and the diverging section can create a Venturi effect that reduces the temperature of the primary flow through the converging section, such that thermal energy from an ambient environment outside the body can be transferred to the primary flow. The body can include a secondary input that can be disposed between the converging section and the outlet. The secondary input can direct the secondary flow of fluid into the primary flow at an angle relative to the flow direction of the primary flow, forming a vortex to create suction at the inlet to draw the primary flow through the inlet and into the body, reducing the temperature of the primary flow through the convergence section to allow thermal energy from the ambient environment outside the body to be transferred to the primary flow, and increasing the temperature and pressure of the primary flow through the divergence section before being discharged through the outlet. The system can include a turbine disposed in the fluid loop. The turbine can be driven by the primary flow. The system can include a generator that can be driven by the turbine to generate electrical energy to power the pump.

[0081] In some configurations, a venturi device for harvesting thermal energy is disclosed herein. The venturi device can include an inlet capable of receiving a primary flow of a fluid. The venturi device can include an outlet capable of discharging the primary flow. The venturi device can include a body disposed between the inlet and the outlet. The body can include a convergence section and a divergence section disposed downstream of the convergence section. Movement of the primary flow through the convergence section and the divergence section can create a venturi effect that reduces the temperature of the primary flow upstream of the divergence section such that thermal energy from an ambient environment outside the body is transferred to the primary flow. The body can include a secondary input disposed downstream of the convergence section. The secondary input may direct the secondary flow of fluid into the primary flow at an angle to the flow direction of the primary flow, forming a vortex to create suction at the inlet to draw the primary flow through the inlet and into the body, reducing the temperature of the primary flow upstream of the divergence so that thermal energy from the surrounding environment outside the body is transferred to the primary flow, and increasing the temperature and pressure of the primary flow downstream of the convergence before being discharged through the outlet.

[0082] In some configurations, the secondary input may be an annular passage.

[0083] In some configurations, the secondary input may include one or more openings.

[0084] In some configurations, the secondary input may include multiple openings.

[0085] In some configurations, the secondary input may include an annular gap.

[0086] In some configurations, the secondary input may include a ring gap.

[0087] In some configurations, the secondary input can surround the primary flow through the body.

[0088] In some configurations, the secondary input may circumferentially surround the primary flow through the body.

[0089] In some configurations, the secondary input can include one or more openings distributed circumferentially relative to the flow path of the primary flow. The secondary input can direct the secondary flow radially inward toward the primary flow.

[0090] In some configurations, the body can include a throat disposed between the converging portion and the diverging portion. The throat can include a diameter that is smaller than a diameter of the converging portion and a diameter of the diverging portion.

[0091] In some configurations, the body can include an annular chamber that can receive and direct the secondary flow to the secondary input.

[0092] In some configurations, the annular chamber may surround the primary flow within the body.

[0093] In some configurations, the annular chamber may include a Coanda surface that may distribute the incoming secondary flow throughout the annular chamber.

[0094] In some configurations, the secondary input may include a Coanda surface.

[0095] In some configurations, the body may include multiple secondary inputs.

[0096] In some configurations, the secondary input may be located downstream of the bifurcation.

[0097] In some configurations, the converging section can include a cross-sectional flow area that decreases in size in a flow direction of the primary flow.The converging section can include a cross-sectional flow area that continuously decreases in size in a flow direction of the primary flow.

[0098] In some configurations, the bifurcation can include a cross-sectional flow area that increases in magnitude in a flow direction of the primary flow. The bifurcation can include a continuously increasing cross-sectional flow area in a flow direction of the primary flow.

[0099] In some configurations, the length of the diverging section may be greater than the length of the converging section.

[0100] In some configurations, the convergent portion may be a first convergent portion. The body may further include a second convergent portion disposed between the branch portion and the secondary input.

[0101] In some configurations, the second convergence can include a cross-sectional flow area that decreases in size in a flow direction of the primary flow. The second convergence can include a cross-sectional flow area that continuously decreases in size in a flow direction of the primary flow.

[0102] In some configurations, the cross-sectional flow area of ​​the second convergent section can converge to a size that is smaller than the cross-sectional flow area of ​​the first convergent section and the cross-sectional flow area of ​​the divergent section.

[0103] In some configurations, the angle may be 90 degrees.

[0104] In some configurations, the angle may be between 60 degrees and 120 degrees.

[0105] In some configurations, the cross-sectional flow area of ​​the outlet can be smaller than the cross-sectional flow area of ​​the inlet.

[0106] In some configurations, the converging section can increase the velocity of the primary flow and decrease the pressure of the primary flow, and the diverging section can decrease the velocity of the primary flow and increase the pressure of the primary flow.

[0107] In some configurations, the cross-sectional flow area of ​​the convergent section may be circular.

[0108] In some configurations, the convergence may define a flow region having a conical shape.

[0109] In some configurations, the cross-sectional flow area of ​​the branch may be circular.

[0110] In some configurations, the bifurcation can define a flow region that includes a conical shape.

[0111] In some configurations, the magnitude of the cross-sectional flow area of ​​the converging section may change more rapidly per unit length than the magnitude of the cross-sectional flow area of ​​the diverging section.

[0112] In some configurations, the length of the diverging section can be greater than the length of the converging section. The length of the diverging section can be greater than the length of the second converging section. The length of the diverging section can be greater than the length of the outlet.

[0113] In some configurations, a Venturi device is disclosed herein. The Venturi device can include an inlet capable of receiving a primary flow of fluid. The Venturi device can include an outlet capable of discharging the primary flow. The Venturi device can include a body that can be disposed between the inlet and the outlet. The body can include a converging section and a diverging section. Movement of the primary flow through the converging section and the diverging section can create a Venturi effect and draw the primary flow through the inlet. The body can include a secondary input disposed between the converging section and the outlet. The secondary input can direct the secondary flow of fluid into the primary flow, creating a vortex and drawing the primary flow into the body through the inlet.

[0114] In some configurations, the fluid can be a gas, which can include air.

[0115] In some configurations, a supercharger system for an internal combustion engine is disclosed herein. The supercharger system can include a venturi device. The venturi device can include an inlet capable of receiving a primary flow of gas. The venturi device can include an outlet. The venturi device can include a body disposed between the inlet and the outlet. The body can include a convergent section and a divergent section. The convergent section can increase a velocity of the primary flow of gas and decrease a pressure of the primary flow of gas. The divergent section can decrease a velocity of the primary flow of gas and increase a pressure of the primary flow of gas. The body can include an annular chamber capable of receiving a secondary flow of exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine. The body can include a secondary input that can surround the primary flow and direct the secondary flow from the annular chamber radially inwardly into the primary flow of gas at a location downstream of the convergent section, and can create a suction at the inlet to draw the primary flow into the body through the inlet and create a vortex configured to mix the primary flow and the secondary flow together before flowing through the outlet to the internal combustion engine.

[0116] In some configurations, the body can include a throat disposed between the converging portion and the diverging portion. The throat can include a diameter that is smaller than a diameter of the converging portion and a diameter of the diverging portion.

[0117] In some configurations, the supercharger system can include a buffer element capable of providing the secondary flow to the venturi device at a consistent operating pressure range. The supercharger system can include a buffer element capable of providing the secondary flow to the venturi device at a consistent pressure.

[0118] In some configurations, the cushioning element may include an exhaust manifold, a conduit from the exhaust manifold to the annular chamber, a check valve disposed along the conduit, an exhaust outlet conduit configured to direct exhaust gases to the ambient environment, and a butterfly valve disposed along the exhaust outlet conduit.

[0119] In some configurations, the butterfly valve can open when the pressure of the secondary flow in the conduit exceeds a threshold value and close when the pressure of the secondary flow in the conduit falls below a threshold value. With the butterfly valve open, exhaust gases can flow out of the exhaust outlet conduit to the ambient environment, and with the butterfly valve closed, exhaust gases can be prevented from flowing out of the exhaust conduit, increasing the pressure of the secondary flow in the conduit.

[0120] In some configurations, the supercharger system may include an exhaust manifold, a conduit from the exhaust manifold to the annular chamber, a check valve disposed along the conduit, an exhaust outlet conduit capable of directing exhaust gases from the exhaust manifold to the ambient environment, and a butterfly valve disposed along the exhaust outlet conduit.

[0121] In some configurations, the butterfly valve can open when the pressure of the secondary flow in the conduit exceeds a threshold value and close when the pressure of the secondary flow in the conduit falls below a threshold value. Exhaust gases can flow from the exhaust conduit to the ambient environment with the butterfly valve open and can impede the flow of exhaust gases from the exhaust conduit with the butterfly valve closed, increasing the pressure of the secondary flow in the conduit.

[0122] In some configurations, the check valve may be a Tesla one-way check valve.

[0123] In some configurations, the check valve may be a valve-like conduit.

[0124] In some configurations, the check valve may be a fixed geometry passive check valve.

[0125] In some configurations, the check valve can include a main channel and a series of loops oriented to promote flow of the secondary flow towards the venturi device and resist flow away from the venturi device.

[0126] In some configurations, the cross-sectional flow area of ​​the secondary input may be smaller than the cross-sectional flow area of ​​the input from the conduit to the annular chamber.

[0127] In some configurations, the secondary input may be an annular passage.

[0128] In some configurations, the secondary input may include one or more openings.

[0129] In some configurations, the secondary input may include multiple openings.

[0130] In some configurations, the secondary input may include an annular gap.

[0131] In some configurations, the secondary input may include a ring gap.

[0132] In some configurations, the secondary input can surround the primary flow through the body.

[0133] In some configurations, the secondary input may circumferentially surround the primary flow through the body.

[0134] In some configurations, the secondary input can include one or more openings distributed circumferentially relative to the flow path of the primary flow. The secondary input can direct the secondary flow radially inward toward the primary flow.

[0135] In some configurations, the annular chamber can surround the primary flow through the body.

[0136] In some configurations, the body may include multiple secondary inputs.

[0137] In some configurations, the converging section can include a cross-sectional flow area that decreases in size in a flow direction of the primary flow.The converging section can include a cross-sectional flow area that continuously decreases in size in a flow direction of the primary flow.

[0138] In some configurations, the bifurcation can include a cross-sectional flow area that increases in magnitude in a flow direction of the primary flow. The bifurcation can include a continuously increasing cross-sectional flow area in a flow direction of the primary flow.

[0139] In some configurations, the length of the diverging section may be greater than the length of the converging section.

[0140] In some configurations, the convergent portion may be a first convergent portion, and the body may further include a second convergent portion disposed between the branch portion and the secondary input.

[0141] In some configurations, the second convergence can include a cross-sectional flow area that decreases in size in a flow direction of the primary flow. The second convergence can include a cross-sectional flow area that continuously decreases in size in a flow direction of the primary flow.

[0142] In some configurations, the cross-sectional flow area of ​​the second convergent section may converge to a size that is smaller than the cross-sectional flow area of ​​the first convergent section and the cross-sectional flow area of ​​the divergent section.

[0143] In some configurations, the secondary input may direct the secondary flow into the primary flow at an angle relative to the flow direction of the primary flow.

[0144] In some configurations, the angle may be 90 degrees.

[0145] In some configurations, the angle may be between 60 degrees and 120 degrees.

[0146] In some configurations, the cross-sectional flow area of ​​the outlet can be smaller than the cross-sectional flow area of ​​the inlet.

[0147] In some configurations, the annular chamber may include a Coanda surface that may distribute the incoming secondary flow throughout the annular chamber.

[0148] In some configurations, the secondary input may include a Coanda surface.

[0149] In some configurations, a supercharger system for an internal combustion engine is disclosed herein. The supercharger system can include a venturi device. The venturi device can include an inlet capable of receiving a primary flow of gas. The venturi device can include an outlet. The venturi device can include a body disposed between the inlet and the outlet. The body can include a converging section and a diverging section. The converging section can increase a velocity of the primary flow of gas and decrease a pressure of the primary flow of gas. The diverging section can decrease a velocity of the primary flow of gas and increase a pressure of the primary flow of gas. The body can include an annular chamber capable of receiving a secondary flow of exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine. The body can include a secondary input capable of enclosing the primary flow and directing the secondary flow from the annular chamber radially inward into the primary flow of gas between the convergence and the exhaust port, creating suction at the inlet, drawing the primary flow through the inlet and into the body, creating a vortex that can mix the primary and secondary flows together before flowing through the exhaust port to the internal combustion engine.

[0150] In some configurations, the primary flow can include air from the surrounding environment.

[0151] In some configurations, the primary flow may include exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine.

[0152] In some configurations, the exhaust may be fluidly connected to an intake of the internal combustion engine.

[0153] In some configurations, the exhaust may be fluidly connected to a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine.

[0154] In some configurations, the inlet can be fluidly connected to an exhaust.

[0155] In some configurations, the primary flow gases and the secondary flow exhaust gases may be merged within the body.

[0156] In some configurations, the primary flow gases and the secondary flow exhaust gases may be compressed between the convergence and the exhaust outlet.

[0157] In some configurations, the size of the inlet is adjustable.

[0158] In some configurations, the size of the inlet may be adjusted based on the travel speed of the vehicle incorporating the supercharger system or the intake air pressure at the inlet.

[0159] In some configurations, the inlet may open towards the front of the vehicle incorporating the supercharger system.

[0160] In some configurations, the inlet can include a velocity stack.

[0161] In some configurations, the inlet may include a trumpet shape.

[0162] In some configurations, the inlet may include an air horn shape.

[0163] In some configurations, the inlet can include an inner periphery that decreases in size in a flow direction of the primary flow. The inlet can include an inner periphery that continuously decreases in size in a flow direction of the primary flow.

[0164] In some configurations, a venturi device is disclosed herein for a supercharger for an internal combustion engine. The venturi device can include an inlet capable of receiving a primary flow of gas. The venturi device can include an outlet. The venturi device can include a body disposed between the inlet and the outlet. The body can include a convergent section and a divergent section. The convergent section can increase a velocity of the primary flow and decrease a pressure of the primary flow. The divergent section can decrease a velocity of the primary flow and increase a pressure of the primary flow. The body can include an annular chamber capable of receiving a secondary flow of exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine. The body can include a secondary input that surrounds the primary flow and can direct the secondary flow from the annular chamber into the primary flow between the convergent section and the outlet at an angle relative to a flow direction of the primary flow, and can create a suction at the inlet and draw the primary flow into the body through the inlet, creating a vortex configured to mix the primary flow and the secondary flow together before flowing to the internal combustion engine.

[0165] In some configurations, the primary flow of gas may include ambient air.

[0166] In some configurations, the primary flow of gas may include exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine. The primary flow of gas may include exhaust fuel.

[0167] In some configurations, the body can include a throat disposed between the converging portion and the diverging portion. The throat can include a diameter that is smaller than a diameter of the converging portion and a diameter of the diverging portion.

[0168] In some configurations, the secondary input may be an annular passage.

[0169] In some configurations, the secondary input may include one or more openings.

[0170] In some configurations, the secondary input may include multiple openings.

[0171] In some configurations, the secondary input may include an annular gap.

[0172] In some configurations, the secondary input may include a ring gap.

[0173] In some configurations, the secondary input can surround the primary flow through the body.

[0174] In some configurations, the tertiary input may circumferentially surround the primary flow through the body.

[0175] In some configurations, the secondary input can include one or more openings that can be distributed circumferentially relative to the flow path of the primary flow. The secondary input can direct the secondary flow radially inward toward the primary flow.

[0176] In some configurations, the annular chamber can surround the primary flow through the body.

[0177] In some configurations, the body may include multiple secondary inputs.

[0178] In some configurations, the converging section can include a cross-sectional flow area that decreases in size in a flow direction of the primary flow.The converging section can include a cross-sectional flow area that continuously decreases in size in a flow direction of the primary flow.

[0179] In some configurations, the bifurcation can include a cross-sectional flow area that increases in magnitude in a flow direction of the primary flow. The bifurcation can include a continuously increasing cross-sectional flow area in a flow direction of the primary flow.

[0180] In some configurations, the length of the diverging section may be greater than the length of the converging section.

[0181] In some configurations, the convergent portion may be a first convergent portion, and the body may further include a second convergent portion disposed between the branch portion and the secondary input.

[0182] In some configurations, the second convergence section includes a cross-sectional flow area that decreases in size in a flow direction of the primary flow. The second convergence section can include a cross-sectional flow area that continuously decreases in size in a flow direction of the primary flow.

[0183] In some configurations, the cross-sectional flow area of ​​the second convergent section converges to a size that is smaller than the cross-sectional flow area of ​​the first convergent section and the cross-sectional flow area of ​​the divergent section.

[0184] In some configurations, the angle may be 90 degrees.

[0185] In some configurations, the angle may be between 60 degrees and 120 degrees.

[0186] In some configurations, the cross-sectional flow area of ​​the outlet can be smaller than the cross-sectional flow area of ​​the inlet.

[0187] In some configurations, the annular chamber may include a Coanda surface that may distribute the incoming secondary flow throughout the annular chamber.

[0188] In some configurations, the secondary input may include a Coanda surface.

[0189] In some configurations, the convergence angle of the second converging section may be between 35 degrees and 55 degrees.

[0190] In some configurations, the outlet can include a cross-sectional flow area that increases in size in a flow direction of the primary flow.The outlet can include a cross-sectional flow area that increases continuously in size in a flow direction of the primary flow.

[0191] In some configurations, the outlet reduction angle may be between 55 degrees and 65 degrees.

[0192] In some configurations, the reduction angle of the branch can be between 30 and 53 degrees.

[0193] In some configurations, the convergence angle may be between 33 and 41 degrees.

[0194] In some configurations, the annular passage may include a Coanda profile of 40 to 70 degrees.

[0195] In some configurations, the secondary input may include a Coanda profile between 40 and 70 degrees.

[0196] In some configurations, the butterfly valve may be a pressure-activated heat riser butterfly valve.

[0197] In some configurations, the inlet can include an elastomeric polymer that can adjust the opening of the inlet based on the suction pressure of the primary flow.

[0198] In some configurations, the inlet can include a programmable metal polymer that can adjust the opening of the inlet based on the inlet pressure of the primary flow.

[0199] In some configurations, the annular chamber may include a convex surface.

[0200] In some configurations, the convex surface can facilitate distributing the secondary flow throughout the annular chamber.

[0201] In some configurations, the secondary input may include a convex surface.

[0202] In some configurations, the annular passage may include a convex surface.

[0203] In some configurations, the convex surface can facilitate distributing the secondary flow throughout the annular chamber.

[0204] In some configurations, movement of the primary flow through the convergence section reduces the temperature of the primary flow through the convergence section and increases the temperature and pressure of the primary flow through the divergence section before being discharged through the exhaust port, such that thermal energy from the surrounding environment outside the body is transferred to the primary flow.

[0205] In some configurations, the secondary input may be configured to direct the secondary flow of fluid into the primary flow at an angle relative to the flow direction of the primary flow to form a vortex.

[0206] In some configurations, the body may include a check valve.

[0207] In some configurations, the check valve can facilitate flow of the primary flow from the inlet to the outlet and prevent the primary flow from exiting the body through the inlet.

[0208] In some configurations, the check valve can facilitate flow of the primary flow from the inlet to the outlet and prevent the primary flow from exiting the body through the inlet.

[0209] In some configurations, the check valve may be a one-way check valve.

[0210] In some configurations, the check valve may be a valve-like conduit.

[0211] In some configurations, the check valve may be a fixed geometry passive check valve.

[0212] In some configurations, the check valve can include a main channel and a series of loops oriented to promote flow of the secondary flow towards the venturi device and resist flow away from the venturi device.

[0213] In some configurations, the check valve may be located at the convergence.

[0214] In some configurations, the check valve may be disposed between the converging and diverging portions.

[0215] In some configurations, the check valve may be located at the branch.

[0216] In some configurations, the check valve may be located in the throat.

[0217] In some configurations, the check valve may be disposed between the diverging portion and the second converging portion.

[0218] In some configurations, a check valve may be disposed between the second convergence and the outlet.

[0219] In some configurations, a check valve may be disposed at the outlet.

[0220] In some configurations, the check valve may be located at the inlet.

[0221] In some configurations, the check valve may be a Tesla valve.

[0222] Included are methods of using the aforementioned system(s) (including device(s), apparatus(es), assembly(es), structure(s), etc.); the methods of using may include using or assembling any one or more of the features disclosed herein to achieve the functions and / or features of the system(s) as discussed in this disclosure. Included are methods of manufacturing the aforementioned system(s); the methods of manufacturing may include providing, making, connecting, assembling, and / or installing any one or more of the features of the system(s) disclosed herein to achieve the functions and / or features of the system(s) as discussed in this disclosure. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0223] The above-mentioned and other features of the embodiments disclosed herein are described below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments. The illustrated embodiments are intended to illustrate, but not to limit, the scope of protection. Various features of different disclosed embodiments can be combined to form further embodiments that are part of the present disclosure. In the drawings, similar elements may be labeled with the same last two digits.

[0224] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an example of a Venturi device. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a simplified schematic diagram of the Venturi device shown in FIG. [Diagram 3] 3 illustrates a system for converting thermal energy to electrical energy, which may incorporate one or more of the Venturi devices of FIGS. [Figure 4] 4 illustrates a system for converting thermal energy to electrical energy, which may incorporate one or more of the Venturi devices of FIGS. [Diagram 5] FIG 5 shows a turbocharger for charging an engine with energy from the exhaust gases. The turbocharger may incorporate one or more of the Venturi devices of FIG 1. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the turbocharger shown in FIG. [Figure 7] Figure 7 is a detailed schematic diagram of the supercharger shown in Figures 5 and 6. As shown, the supercharger incorporates the Venturi device of Figure 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0225] Although specific embodiments and examples are described below, the disclosure extends beyond the specifically disclosed embodiments and / or uses, as well as obvious modifications and equivalents thereof. Thus, it is intended that the scope of the disclosure should not be limited by the specific embodiments described below. Furthermore, although the disclosure describes many embodiments in the context of power generation or supercharging of an internal combustion engine, any embodiments and modifications or equivalents thereof should not be limited to the above.

[0226] According to the first theorem of thermodynamics, energy cannot be created or consumed; it can only be converted from one form of energy to another. Therefore, the total amount of energy in a closed system remains constant.

[0227] Energy forms have different valences. That is, heat does not flow from a cooler body to a warmer body, even if the total amount of energy stored in the body in the form of heat is equal. Conversely, the transfer of heat from a warmer body to a cooler body occurs spontaneously and automatically (Second Theorem of Thermodynamics). Thus, the heat of a warmer body has a higher value than the heat of a colder body. This heat can be converted, at least in part, into mechanical energy in a heat engine that utilizes the automatic flow of heat from a warmer body to a colder body. The proportion of mechanical energy obtained can be expressed as the ratio of the two temperatures according to the following formula:

number

[0228] This ratio can be called the efficiency of the Carnot process.

[0229] As disclosed herein, thermal energy can be converted to mechanical energy by a suction mechanism. Described herein are systems and devices for converting low-grade thermal energy (e.g., ambient temperature) to high-quality energy (electricity). For example, described herein are Venturi devices that form one or more flow-inducing vortices in a fluid (e.g., air, water, gas, etc.) flowing through the Venturi device. The one or more vortices can be generated in the Venturi device at a location where a secondary fluid flow meets (e.g., mixes, merges) with a primary fluid flow through the Venturi device. The one or more vortices can create suction and draw the primary flow through an inlet and into the Venturi device. In some configurations, the suction and Venturi effect created by the fluid flow through the Venturi device can reduce the temperature of the primary flow through at least a portion of the Venturi device and transfer thermal energy of the surrounding environment outside the Venturi device to the primary flow (e.g., charging the primary flow). In some configurations, the secondary fluid stream may include exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine, which may be mixed (e.g., merged) with the primary stream to charge the primary stream. Thus, the Venturi devices described herein may be referred to as "vortex-merged chargers."

[0230] Venturi device with forced induction FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of an exemplary Venturi device (Z), which may also be referred to as a vortex fusion charger or VFC. The Venturi device (Z) may include a rotationally symmetric inner circumference, which in some configurations may include rotational symmetry about a central axis CA. The Venturi device (Z) may be a tubular structure. The inner circumference of the Venturi device (Z) may define a primary flow path, which may be an interior region, cavity, lumen, etc., that receives a primary flow of a fluid (e.g., water, gas, air, exhaust gas, etc.). In some configurations, the inner circumference of the Venturi device (Z) may be circular. In some variations, the inner circumference may be other shapes, such as elliptical, polygonal, irregular, and / or other shapes. The inner circumference may define a flow path for the primary flow of the fluid in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 1. The inner circumference of the Venturi device (Z) may define a cross-sectional flow area for the primary flow of the fluid, which may be circular. The inner circumference can vary such that the size and / or shape of the cross-sectional flow area varies along the length of the Venturi device (Z). For example, the inner circumference of the Venturi device (Z) can include an inner diameter that assumes different sizes along its length or central axis CA.

[0231] The primary flow of fluid may enter the Venturi device (Z) through an inlet (Y). The inlet (Y) may be connected to a conduit (e.g., a tube) through which the primary flow may circulate. In some variations, the inlet (Y) may be open to ambient air. The inner periphery of the inlet (Y) may be circular. In some variations, the inner periphery of the inlet (Y) may be elliptical, polygonal, irregular, and / or other. The inlet (Y) may include a velocity stack, a trumpet shape, and / or an air horn shape, as shown in Detail B. The inlet (Y) may include a converging inner periphery. The inlet (Y) may include a converging cross-sectional area. The inlet (Y) may include an inner periphery that decreases in size in the flow direction of the primary flow. The inlet (Y) may include an inner periphery that continuously decreases in size in the flow direction of the primary flow. The inlet (Y) may include a cross-sectional area that decreases in size in the flow direction of the primary flow. The inlet (Y) can include a cross-sectional area that continuously decreases in size in the flow direction of the primary flow. The inlet (Y) can include a curved peripheral wall, as shown in Detail B. The inlet (Y) can increase the velocity of the primary flow through the inlet (Y) and decrease the pressure of the primary flow.

[0232] The primary flow of fluid can exit the venturi device (Z) through an outlet (H). The outlet (H) can be located on the opposite side of the venturi device (Z) as the inlet (Y). The outlet (H) can be connected to a conduit (e.g., a tube) through which the primary flow can circulate. In some variations, the outlet (H) can be connected to an engine as described herein to facilitate supercharging the engine with compressed gas. The inner periphery of the outlet (H) can be circular. In some variations, the inner periphery of the outlet (H) can be elliptical, polygonal, irregular, and / or other. The inner periphery of the outlet (H) can diverge. The cross-sectional flow area of ​​the outlet (H) can diverge in the flow direction of the primary flow. The inner periphery of the outlet (H) can increase in size in the flow direction of the primary flow. The inner periphery of the outlet (H) can increase in size continuously in the flow direction of the primary flow. The outlet (H) may include a cross-sectional area that increases in size in a flow direction of the primary flow. The outlet (H) may include a cross-sectional area that continuously increases in size in a flow direction of the primary flow. An inner circumferential surface of the outlet (H) may be diverging. The outlet (H) may reduce a flow velocity of the primary flow passing through the outlet (H) and increase a pressure of the primary flow.

[0233] The Venturi device (Z) may include a body (e.g., a tubular body) between an inlet (Y) and an outlet (H). The primary flow path may flow through the body between the inlet (Y) and the outlet (H). The body may include a converging section (I). The converging section (I) may increase the velocity of the primary fluid flowing through the converging section (I). The converging section (I) may reduce the pressure of the primary fluid flowing through the converging section (I). The inner periphery of the converging section (I) may be circular. In some variations, the inner periphery of the converging section (I) may be elliptical, polygonal, irregular, and / or other. The converging section (I) may include a converging inner periphery. The converging section (I) may include a converging cross-sectional flow area. The converging section (I) may include an inner periphery that decreases in size in the flow direction of the primary flow. The converging section (I) may include an inner periphery that continuously decreases in size in the flow direction of the primary flow. The converging section (I) may include a cross-sectional flow area that decreases in size in a flow direction of the primary flow. The converging section (I) may include a cross-sectional flow area that continuously decreases in size in a flow direction of the primary flow. The converging section (I) may include a flow area having a cone shape. The cross-sectional flow area of ​​the converging section (I) may decrease at a constant rate. The temperature of the primary flow flowing through the converging section (I) may decrease as a result of the increased flow velocity and reduced pressure.

[0234] The venturi device body (Z) may include a throat (X), also referred to as a constriction. The throat (X) may be disposed between the convergent section (I) and the divergent section (J). The throat (X) may include an inner circumference smaller than the inner circumferences of the convergent section (I) and the divergent section (J). For example, the throat (X) may include a diameter smaller than the diameters of the convergent section (I) and the divergent section (J). The throat (X) may include a cross-sectional flow area smaller than the convergent section (I) and the divergent section (J). In some configurations, the throat (X) may be a junction between the convergent section (I) and the divergent section (J). In some configurations, the throat (X) includes a length. In some configurations, the inner circumference of the throat (X) is an inflection point between the convergent section (I) and the divergent section (J). In some variations, the convergent section (I) converges into the throat (X) and then diverges into the divergent section (J).

[0235] The venturi device body (Z) can include a diverging section (J). The diverging section (J) can be downstream of the inlet (Y) and the converging section (I). The diverging section (J) can be downstream of the throat (X). The diverging section (J) can be disposed between the converging section (I) and the outlet (H), the second converging section (K), and / or the secondary input (A1). The diverging section (J) can reduce the velocity of the primary fluid flowing through the diverging section (J). The diverging section (J) can increase the pressure of the primary fluid flowing through the diverging section (J). The inner periphery of the diverging section (J) can be circular. In some variations, the inner periphery of the diverging section (J) can be elliptical, polygonal, irregular, and / or other. The diverging section (J) can include a diverging inner periphery. The diverging section (J) can include a diverging cross-sectional flow area. The diverging section (J) may include an inner circumference that increases in size in the flow direction of the primary flow. The diverging section (J) may include an inner circumference that increases continuously in size in the flow direction of the primary flow. The diverging section (J) may include a cross-sectional flow area that increases in size in the flow direction of the primary flow. The diverging section (J) may include a cross-sectional flow area that increases continuously in size in the flow direction of the primary flow. The diverging section (J) may include a flow area having a shape of a cone. The cross-sectional flow area of ​​the diverging section (J) may decrease at a constant rate. The diverging section (J) may be longer than the converging section (I). The magnitude of the cross-sectional flow area of ​​the converging section (I) may change more rapidly per unit length than the magnitude of the cross-sectional flow area of ​​the diverging section (J). The angle of the periphery of the converging section (I) with respect to the central axis CA and / or the flow direction of the primary flow may be greater than the angle of the periphery of the diverging section (J) with respect to the central axis CA and / or the flow direction of the primary flow.

[0236] The flow of the primary flow through the convergent section (I), throat (X), and / or divergent section (J) can create a Venturi effect, which can create a suction at the inlet (Y). The flow of the primary flow through the convergent section (I) and throat (X) can create a Venturi effect, which can create a suction at the inlet (Y). The flow of the primary flow through the convergent section (I) can create a Venturi effect, which can create a suction at the inlet (Y). The increase in velocity and decrease in pressure of the primary flow through the convergent section (I) and / or throat (X) can reduce the temperature of the primary flow such that thermal energy (e.g., heat) from the ambient environment outside the body (Z) of the Venturi device is transferred to the primary flow. In some variations, the body of the Venturi device (Z), or at least the convergent section (I) and / or throat (X), can include a conductive material (such as a metal) to facilitate efficient transfer of thermal energy through the body.

[0237] The venturi device body (Z) can include a second convergent section (K). The second convergent section (K) can be downstream of the inlet (Y), the convergent section (I), the throat (X), and the divergent section (J). The second convergent section (K) can be disposed between the divergent section (J), the secondary input (A1), and the outlet (H). The second convergent section (K) can increase the velocity of the primary flow flowing through the second convergent section (K). The second convergent section (K) can reduce the pressure of the primary fluid flowing through the second convergent section (K). The inner periphery of the second convergent section (K) can be circular. In some variations, the inner periphery of the second convergent section (K) can be elliptical, polygonal, irregular, and / or other. The second convergent section (K) can include a converging inner periphery. The second convergent section (K) can include a converging cross-sectional flow area. The second converging section (K) may include an inner periphery that decreases in size in the flow direction of the primary flow. The second converging section (K) may include an inner periphery that continuously decreases in size in the flow direction of the primary flow. The second converging section (K) may include a cross-sectional flow area that decreases in size in the flow direction of the primary flow. The second converging section (K) may include a cross-sectional flow area that continuously decreases in size in the flow direction of the primary flow. The second converging section (K) may include a flow area having a cone shape. The cross-sectional flow area of ​​the second converging section (K), the converging section (I), and / or the diverging section (J) may vary at a consistent rate per unit length. The angle of the periphery of the converging section (K) relative to the central axis CA and / or flow direction of the primary flow may be greater than the angle of the periphery of the diverging section (J), the converging section (I), and / or the outlet (H) relative to the central axis CA and / or flow direction of the primary flow.

[0238] A conduit (G), which may also be referred to as a tube, conduit, chamber, lumen, etc., can circulate a secondary flow of a fluid (e.g., water, gas, air, exhaust gas, etc.) to the Venturi device (Z). As described herein, the conduit (G) can recirculate a portion of the primary flow as a secondary flow back into the primary flow. The conduit (G) can connect to an annular chamber (A2) of the body of the Venturi device (Z) to direct the secondary flow to the annular chamber (A2). In some configurations, multiple conduits (G) can connect to the annular chamber (A2) at multiple locations to direct the secondary flow to the annular chamber (A2).

[0239] The body of the Venturi device (Z) may include an annular chamber (A2). The annular chamber (A2) may be ring-shaped. In some configurations, the annular chamber (A2) may be torus-shaped. The annular chamber (A2) may enclose a primary flow of fluid. The annular chamber (A2) may encircle a central axis CA of the Venturi device (Z). The annular chamber (A2) may circumferentially enclose the primary flow of fluid. The secondary flow of fluid may extend throughout the annular chamber (A2). The surface of the annular chamber (A2) may include a Coanda surface or profile that facilitates the secondary flow of fluid extending throughout the annular chamber (A2). The surface of the annular chamber (A2) may be convex to facilitate the secondary flow of fluid extending throughout the annular chamber (A2). The secondary flow may be attached (e.g., molecularly attached) to the surface(s) of the annular chamber (A2) to extend throughout the annular chamber (A2).

[0240] The body of the Venturi device (Z) may include a secondary input (A1). The secondary input (A1) may be located downstream of the inlet (Y), the convergence (I), the throat (X), the divergence (J), and / or the second convergence (K). The secondary input (A1) may be located between the convergence (I), the throat (X), the divergence (J), and / or the second convergence (K) and the outlet (H). The secondary input (A1) may include one or more flow paths from the annular chamber (A2) to the primary flow and / or the internal region and / or the primary flow path of the Venturi device (Z) through which the primary flow passes. The secondary input (A1) may be an annular passage, one or more openings, multiple openings, one or more slots, annular gaps, and / or annular gaps. The secondary input (A1) may surround the primary flow through the body of the Venturi device (Z). The secondary input (A1) may circumferentially surround the primary flow through the body. The secondary input (A1) may include one or more openings distributed circumferentially with respect to the flow path of the primary flow. The secondary input (A1) may define an annular opening on the inner circumference of the body of the venturi device (Z). The secondary input (A1) may direct the secondary flow to the primary flow relative to the flow direction of the primary flow and / or relative to the central axis CA of the body of the venturi device (Z). The angle may be 90 degrees in some variations. The angle may be between 60 degrees and 120 degrees in some configurations. The secondary input (A1) may direct the secondary flow at least partially with respect to the flow direction of the primary flow. The introduction of the secondary flow by the secondary input (A1) into the primary flow may create a vortex, swirl(s), one or more vortices, and / or the like in the primary flow. The creation of a vortex can create a suction at the inlet (Y) that draws the primary flow through the inlet (Y) and into the Venturi device (Z).The suction of the primary flow into the Venturi device (Z) can cause an increase in velocity and a decrease in pressure of the primary flow through the convergence (I) and throat (X), which reduces the temperature of the primary flow through the convergence (I) and / or throat (X) and allows thermal energy (e.g., heat) from the ambient environment outside the body of the Venturi device (Z) to be transferred through the body to the primary flow, charging the primary flow with thermal energy. The temperature and pressure of the primary flow downstream of the throat (X) (e.g., divergence (J)) can increase before exiting the outlet (H). The opening of the secondary input (A1) into the interior region of the body (e.g., primary flow path) can be smaller than the cross-sectional flow area of ​​the input from the conduit (G) to the annular chamber (A2). The secondary input (A1) can direct the secondary flow radially inward toward the primary flow of fluid and / or the central axis CA of the body.

[0241] In some configurations, the body can include a check valve. The check valve can facilitate flow of the primary flow from the inlet (Y) to the outlet (H) and can prevent and / or resist the primary flow from exiting the body via the inlet (Y). In some configurations, the check valve can be a one-way check valve. In some configurations, the check valve can be a valved conduit. In some configurations, the check valve can be a fixed passive check valve. In some configurations, the check valve can include a main channel and a series of loops oriented to facilitate flow of the secondary flow towards the venturi device and resist flow away from the venturi device. In some configurations, the check valve can be a Tesla valve. In some configurations, the check valve can be located at the convergence (I). In some configurations, the check valve can be located between the convergence (I) and the divergence (J). In some configurations, the check valve can be located at the divergence (J). In some configurations, the check valve can be located at the throat (X). In some configurations, the check valve may be located between the junction (J) and the second convergence (K). In some configurations, the check valve may be located between the second convergence (K) and the outlet (H). In some configurations, the check valve may be located at the outlet (H). In some configurations, the check valve may be located at the inlet (Y).

[0242] As described herein, the Venturi device (Z) can include three openings at positions (G), (H) and (I). In some variations, these three openings can be open to the environment. The annular chamber (A2) can communicate with the interior region (e.g., the primary flow path) of the Venturi device (Z) through the annular gap (A1). The inner region of the body can be tapered at position (E) and thus has a smaller inner diameter than positions (F) and (D). The taper (reduced inner diameter) from position (F) to position (E) and the extension (expanded inner diameter) from position (E) to position (D) can be continuous, such as a cone. When the secondary flow is introduced into the opening (G), it flows into the annular chamber (A2) and is distributed therein radially within the annular chamber, which can include the entirety of the annular chamber. From the annular chamber (A2), the secondary flow flows through the secondary input (A1) into the inner region of the Venturi device body (Z), where it generates a vortex and creates a suction effect at the inlet (Y). As a result, the primary flow is sucked in through the inlet (Y) and discharged towards the outlet (H). At point (E) (e.g. throat or constriction (X)), the Venturi effect increases the flow velocity of the sucked air. The combination of the suction effect and the Venturi effect allows the temperature in front of the vortex to be reduced, and heat from the surroundings is absorbed by the primary flow, charging the primary flow with energy from the surrounding environment.

[0243] In some configurations, the rotationally symmetric design of the Venturi device (Z) is not used and the Venturi effect may not be created. In some configurations, a body may be used that creates a flow-induced vortex formation with suction on one side of the vortex and discharge of the flowable medium surrounding the vortex on the other side of the vortex. The flowable medium sucked in during the suction process may be cooled. The sucked in cooled flowable medium may absorb heat (e.g., thermal energy) from the environment, resulting in an increase in the internal energy of the flowable medium. Induction of the flowable medium through a heat exchanger may also be used.

[0244] A system that converts ambient thermal energy into electrical energy For ease, Figure 2 shows a simplified schematic diagram of the Venturi device (Z) of Figure 1. The letters (G), (H), and (I) in Figure 2 correspond to the openings at locations (G), (H), and (I) in Figure 1. In other words, (I) corresponds to the inlet (Y), the conduit (G) corresponds to (G), and (H) corresponds to the outlet (H).

[0245] FIG. 3 shows a system 100 for converting thermal energy from an ambient environment into electrical energy. The system 100 may include a fluid loop (W) for circulating a primary flow of fluid. The fluid loop (W) may include tubes, conduits, pipes, etc. for circulating the primary flow of fluid. The system 100 may include one or more Venturi devices (Z) (e.g., two), pumps, turbines, generators, motors, and / or switches. The one or more Venturi devices (Z) (e.g., two), pumps, and / or turbines may be disposed on the fluid loop (W). The pump may be disposed between a first Venturi device (VFC1) and a second Venturi device (VFC2) on the fluid loop (W). The turbine may be disposed between a first Venturi device (VFC1) and a second Venturi device (VFC2) on the fluid loop (W). The first Venturi device (VFC1) may be disposed between a pump and a turbine on the fluid loop (W). A second Venturi device (VFC2) may be disposed between the pump and the turbine on the fluid loop (W). The primary flow may begin at the pump, pass through the first Venturi device (VFC1), the turbine, and the second Venturi device (VFC2) on the fluid loop (W), and then reach the pump again for recirculation. As described herein, the recirculation conduit, flow line, or secondary flow conduit (R) can be the same as the conduit (G) described with reference to FIG. 1 and can be a portion of the primary flow (e.g., as described above with reference to FIG. 1, generating a vortex from the fluid loop (W) back to the first Venturi device (VFC1) and the second Venturi device (VFC2) to generate a suction to facilitate harvesting of thermal energy from the surrounding environment outside the first Venturi device (VFC1) and the second Venturi device (VFC2). In some configurations, the recirculation conduit (R) can direct a secondary flow derived from the primary flow from the fluid loop (W) to the first Venturi device (VFC1) and the second Venturi device (VFC2) in a turbine or pump. The generator can generate electrical energy from the mechanical energy of the turbine as the primary flow drives the turbine.The generator can be electrically connected to the motor by a switch so that electrical energy from the generator can power the motor. The motor can power a pump. If the generator is providing insufficient electrical energy to power the motor, the switch can be in a position to provide external electrical energy to the motor by line A.

[0246] As described herein, the Venturi device (Z) can harvest thermal energy from an ambient environment outside the Venturi device (Z) and charge a primary flow of fluid through the Venturi device (Z) with the harvested energy. For example, the temperature of the primary flow of fluid through the Venturi device (Z) can be reduced such that heat is transferred to the primary flow of fluid through the walls of the body of the Venturi device (Z) (e.g., the first Venturi device (VFC1) and the second Venturi device (VFC2)), thereby charging the primary flow of fluid with thermal energy from the ambient environment (e.g., air) outside the Venturi device (Z) and driving a turbine, which drives a generator to generate electricity.

[0247] It can be assumed that friction losses, dissipation losses, and conversion losses between the individual energy forms do not occur. Starting from point A, when the electric switch (top left of Figure 3) is set to position C, the electric energy is directed to the motor and starts to drive the pump. It is assumed that this pump drives a primary flow of fluid, which may be a gas such as air. This primary flow passes through points (11), (12), (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), and (10) of the fluid loop (fluid loop) connecting the devices pump, VFC1 (e.g., first Venturi device (K)), turbine, and VFC2 (e.g., second Venturi device (K)). This circulating flow can be called the primary flow. The primary flow can have two effects. First, the turbine is driven, which drives the generator, so that the electric energy is extracted in the form of electricity. Secondly, at point (13), the secondary flow is directed through points (14) and (15) to VFC1 and VFC2 where it rejoins the primary flow, resulting in the formation of the above-mentioned vortices within the VFCs, which creates suction at the rear of the VFCs (points (1) and (7)).

[0248] As mentioned above, in the VFC, a vortex is formed which generates suction on one side (positions (1) and (7)) and a pressure rise on the other side (positions (2) and (8)). On the suction side, the primary flow is cooled and thermal energy is absorbed from the surroundings in the form of heat due to a combination of the suction of the primary flow and the Venturi effect. This energy absorbed on the pressure side continues to increase the pressure and is transferred back to the VFC via the secondary air flow. The result is an increased swirling of the vortex, which enhances the suction effect and the associated cooling and transport of heat to the circulating fluid. It is therefore a self-amplifying loop driven by the thermal energy present in the environment.

[0249] On the pressure side, this absorbed energy means that the pressure at position (13) continues to increase, and is therefore also returned to the VFC via the secondary flow. This increases the vortex of the VFC, increasing the suction effect and increasing the transport of heat to the associated cooling or circulating fluid. It is therefore a self-reinforcing cycle driven by the thermal energy present in the environment. At the same time, the fluid (which can be air) circulating through the pump, VFC1, turbine, VFC2 becomes energetically charged (its internal energy increases). This energy is converted into electrical energy via the turbine and generator, making it possible to compensate for energy losses due to friction, etc., by being able to drive the pump at full power all the time. The circulation of the fluid in the closed circuit of the pump, VFC1, turbine, VFC2, and the secondary air flow can be maintained. The system 100 can be called a "VFG" ("Vortex Fusion Generator").

[0250] As described herein, characteristics of the system 100 may include: Thermal energy (e.g. from the environment) is transferred to the flowing fluid by one or more VFCs, increasing the internal energy of the flowing fluid (this can be called "charging the fluid"); Internal energy can be extracted from the flowing fluid medium (this can be called "exhaust of the fluid medium"), and Part of the energy extracted from the flowable medium can compensate for the energy losses caused by friction, dissipation (which can also include the effect of electrical resistance when an electric current flows) and / or conversion losses, and the VFG can supply energy (operating energy) such that the cycle of charging and discharging of the flowable medium is maintained.

[0251] When the energy generated by the generator reaches a level sufficient to fully power the motor, the electrical switch can be set to position B, thereby allowing the system 100 to generate power without an external power source, but instead, the thermal energy harvested by the system 100 is sufficient to power the system 100.

[0252] The VFG can be modified so that the secondary flow begins at location 13 in the VFG, at the pump rather than the turbine, as seen in FIG.

[0253] In some configurations, excess energy from the system 100 can be stored in a battery or fed into a power grid in the form of electrical energy.

[0254] The system 100 can also facilitate harvesting energy from the surrounding environment at low temperature levels. According to Equation 1, the Carnot efficiency of a VFG with Twarm=293K, Tcold=283K (difference=10K) is the same as that of a normal heat engine with Twarm=1273K, Tcold=1229K (difference=44K). At a lower temperature difference, the VFG can achieve the same efficiency.

[0255] In the principle of VFG shown in Figure 3, there is no limit to the number of VFCs used. In principle, it is sufficient to use one VFC, but it is also possible to use 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53 , 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100 or more VFCs can be combined into a single VFG. Thus, one or more VFCs can be combined within a VFG.

[0256] The principle of the VFG shown in Figure 3 is not limited by the number of pumps used. The pump's characteristic is to generate a flow in a free-flowing medium. The same is true for the number of engines.

[0257] The principle of the VFG shown in Figure 3 is not limited to the number of turbines used. The characteristic of turbines is to extract internal energy from a free-flowing medium. These turbines can be freely connected to any number of generators.

[0258] The flow of fluid (e.g., air) in the VFG can be directed in any manner (e.g., in a cascade). However, it is also possible that the fluid is fed into the VFG at one point and discharged from the VFG at another point and discharged to the environment. In this case, the percentage of operating energy required to operate the VFG increases by the amount of energy carried by the flowing medium at the time of discharge that is removed. The number of turbines and generators is also not limited. As described herein, charging of the flowing medium (e.g., air) in one or more VFGs or vortex fusion chargers can be achieved by utilizing thermal energy from the environment and converting this energy into another form of energy, e.g., electrical energy.

[0259] In this way, the thermal energy is converted into mechanical energy by the suction action mechanism in the VFC and finally into electrical energy. The advantage of the presented VFG is that it can convert low value thermal energy (ambient temperature) into high value energy (electricity). The VFG achieves the aforementioned based on the suction effect.

[0260] The VFG and VFC may be used with any flowable medium, which may include at least those described herein.

[0261] Turbocharger system for internal combustion engines A turbocharger is a type of engine charging. A turbocharger increases the engine power or the efficiency of an internal combustion engine. Its mode of operation is to use part of the energy of the engine exhaust gases by means of a turbine in the exhaust system, which drives a so-called compressor, which increases the pressure in the intake system, thereby providing more combustion air, especially compared to a non-supercharged naturally aspirated engine.

[0262] A turbocharger consists of at least one exhaust gas turbine that utilizes the energy of the exhaust gas (thermal energy, e.g. thermal energy, partly kinetic energy, e.g. kinetic energy as well) and a compressor for the intake of the engine driven by this turbine, thereby increasing the air flow rate and reducing the intake work of the piston. The transmission of kinetic energy from the exhaust gas turbine to the compressor is carried out via a transmission shaft.

[0263] Turbochargers are usually designed to use the exhaust gas pressure (conjecture charge). Most compressors are followed by a charge air cooler, which allows to achieve a better charge at a lower temperature in the cylinder. The aim is usually to increase the cylinder charge.

[0264] Modern turbochargers can reach speeds of up to 290,000 revolutions per minute (for example, the Smart 3-cylinder turbo). At such high speeds, the turbocharger shaft must be housed in a fluid dynamic plain bearing. Some turbochargers have a connection for the cooling water circuit in addition to the oil supply connection.

[0265] The superchargers described herein are based on the use of a hydrodynamic mechanism. Superchargers convert the energy stored in the exhaust gases directly into the combustion air impact on the engine load without the need for moving parts. Superchargers include vortex fusion chargers (e.g., Venturi devices (Z)).

[0266] The turbochargers described herein have few moving parts and are therefore easy to maintain. Additionally, the turbochargers increase fuel utilization, resulting in reduced effective fuel consumption.

[0267] The integration of the turbocharger with the engine is shown in Figure 5. The energy from the exhaust gases (flow 5 in Figure 5) can be used to increase the amount of combustion air and fuel to charge the engine. For this purpose, part of the exhaust gases (flow 1 in Figure 5) can be branched off from the engine's exhaust gases (flow 5 in Figure 5) and fed to the turbocharger. The rest of the exhaust gases (flow 2 in Figure 6) can be discharged to the environment as usual. The energy conducted to the turbocharger by the current 1 can be used to draw in air (flow 3 in Figure 5) and direct it to the engine (flow 4 in Figure 5) via a hydrodynamic mechanism. Depending on the type of engine, the fuel can be introduced in different ways in the internal combustion engine. In the case of a gasoline engine, the fuel can be injected into the intake air stream (flow 6 in Figure 5). In the case of a diesel engine, the fuel can be directly injected into the combustion chamber (flow 7 in Figure 5).

[0268] The turbocharger's operating mode can be subdivided into three sub-functions (see Figure 6).

[0269] First subfunction: A part of the exhaust gas flow (stream 1 in FIG. 6) can be loaded into a buffer element (section 3 in FIG. 6). In FIG. 6, this mechanism can be visualized by the input flow (1) in section (3) being represented by a thicker arrow than the output flow (2) leaving section (3). This branching of the exhaust gas flow can experience an increase in pressure. This pressure can be between 1 bar and 2 bar, between 2 bar and 3 bar, between 3 bar and 4 bar, between 4 bar and 5 bar, between 5 bar and 6 bar, between 6 bar and 7 bar, between 7 bar and 8 bar, between 8 bar and 9 bar, between 9 bar and 10 bar, and above 10 bar. This branching of the exhaust gas flow can have a high temperature. The temperature may be between 20°C and 30°C, between 30°C and 40°C, between 40°C and 50°C, between 50°C and 60°C, between 60°C and 70°C, between 70°C and 80°C, between 90°C and 100°C, between 100°C and 110°C, between 110°C and 120°C, between 120°C and 130°C, between 130°C and 140°C, between 140°C and 150°C, between 150°C and 160°C, between 160°C and 170°C, between 170°C and 180°C, between 190°C and 200°C, between 200°C and 210°C, between 210°C and 220°C, between 220°C and 230°C, between 230°C and 240°C, between 240°C and 250°C, between 250°C and 260°C, between 260°C and 280°C, between 280°C and 290°C, between 290°C and 300°C, between 300°C and 400°C, between 400°C and 500°C, between 500°C and 600°C, between 600°C and 700°C, between 700°C and 800°C, between 800°C and 900°C, between 900°C and 1000°C, between 1000°C and 1100°C, between 1100°C and 1200°C, between 120 between 0°C and 270°C, between 270°C and 280°C, between 290°C and 300°C, between 300°C and 310°C, between 310°C and 320°C, between 320°C and 330°C, between 330°C and 340°C, between 340°C and 350°C, between 350°C and 360°C, between 360°C and 370°C, between 370°C and 380°C, between 390°C and 400°C, between 400°C and 410°C, between 410°C and 420°C, between 420°C and 430°C, between 430°C and 440°C, between 440°C and 450°C, between 450°C and 460°C, between 460°C and 470°C, between 470°C and 480°C, between 490°C and 500°C, and above 500°C. The energy stored in the exhaust gases (pressure and temperature increase) can be used to realize two other sub-functions: the buffer element (section 3 in Figure 6) supplies the amplifier with energy in the form of an operating voltage and can act similarly to an electric accumulator, which introduces this energy via a current into the amplifier.Here, the operating voltage can correspond to a pressure increase or a temperature increase of the exhaust gas stored in the buffer element, and the current corresponds to a flow (flow 4 in FIG. 6) leaving the buffer element (section 3 in FIG. 6), which can be conducted to a charging element (section 8 in FIG. 6).

[0270] Second subfunction: This subfunction is induced by a flow (flow 4 in FIG. 6) that can be conducted from a buffer element (section 3 in FIG. 6) to an electrified element (section 8 in FIG. 6). The second subfunction can be realized in this electrified element and involves the generation of a vortex (detail 5 in FIG. 6). The vortex can be generated as described herein.

[0271] Third subfunction: The energy of the vortex originally comes from the exhaust gases (realized in a conventional turbocharger with an exhaust gas turbine). The vortex itself creates a vacuum on one side, sucking in the surrounding air (optionally together with fuel) and compressing it on the other side (realized in a conventional turbocharger with a compressor). The sucked in surrounding air is shown in Fig. 6 as flow path 6. The compressed surrounding air is merged by the vortex with the exhaust flow (flow path 4 in Fig. 6) and is shown in Fig. 6 as flow path 7. Flow path 7 can be supplied as a load to the internal combustion engine. If the turbocharger is used in a vehicle, the effect of these three subfunctions can be increased by the effect of the wind, which generates a back pressure at the front of the vehicle. This back pressure can support the intake of the surrounding air by the turbocharger.

[0272] One configuration of a supercharger is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 7. Exhaust gas from the engine flows into an exhaust manifold. One of the possible paths from the manifold (e.g., an exhaust outlet conduit) can be blocked by a butterfly valve (e.g., a pressure controlled modified butterfly valve) (section I of FIG. 7). The other path (G) (e.g., a conduit) can pass over a one-way check valve (e.g., a Tesla one-way check valve, a valved conduit, a fixed geometry passive check valve, a main channel, and a series of loops oriented to promote flow in one direction and resist flow in the opposite direction), which can be opened for passage. This allows the rigid transfer line (compartment or conduit (G) in FIG. 7) to fill with exhaust gas. The pressure in conduit (G) can rise. When the pressure in conduit (G) reaches a certain level, the butterfly valve (I) can open via the connected pressure line. The exhaust gas can be discharged to the environment as usual via the exhaust outlet conduit. The exhaust gas buffered in conduit (G) can be passed into the venturi device (Z) via the annular chamber (annular chamber A2 in FIG. 7) and into the interior of the venturi device (Z) via the secondary input (A1 in FIG. 7), as described herein with reference to FIG. 1. This drain causes the pressure in (G) to decrease. As a result, the butterfly valve (I) can be throttled again. Again, more exhaust gas can be directed into conduit (G). The pressure in conduit (G) can rise. The compartments G, H, I can form a buffer element that provides the operating pressure in a constant manner. As non-return valve (H), a Tesla valve is suitable (described in US Pat. No. 1,329,559).

[0273] To explain the geometry of this tube, characteristic positions of the axis are indicated by arrows and letters B, C, D, E and F. As mentioned above, exhaust gases are introduced from the tube (G) through the annular chamber A2 and the secondary input (A1) (e.g., the ring gap) into the interior of the Venturi device (Z). In the area (D) of the filling element (e.g., the Venturi device (K)), a vortex may be formed, as explained with reference to FIG. 1. This vortex creates a vacuum at the inlet (Y) (position F). As a result, the surrounding air may be sucked into the Venturi device (Z) through the inlet (Y) and the throat (E) (e.g., structure). This air is compressed on the opposite side of the vortex (direction C), so the area of ​​the pipe between (B) and (E) can be called the compression chamber. The outside air and the exhaust gases are merged at the position corresponding to (B) and are forced into the combustion chamber of the engine, supercharging it.

[0274] The diameter of the inlet opening (F) may vary depending on the driving speed (if the turbocharger is used on a vehicle). At high driving speeds, the inlet opening (F) is smaller. At low driving speeds, the inlet opening can be larger. The size of the inlet can also be adjusted in relation to the engine size, horsepower and maximum speed of the vehicle.

[0275] Additionally, the ambient air inlet (optional detail B in Figure 7) can be shaped like a velocity stack, which allows for a smooth and uniform entry of air at high velocities. Here, resonance effects are also observed, which promote the generation of vortices. Additionally, the inner wall of the Venturi device (Z) can include a radius inlet and / or a "plenum". Velocity stacks, trumpets, or air horns are trumpet-shaped designs with different lengths that can be used at the inlet (Y). These designs allow for a smooth and uniform entry of air at high velocities, with a wall-attached flow known as laminar flow. It changes the dynamic tuning range of the intake pipe by making it act as a resonating pipe that can adjust the frequency of the pressure pulse depending on its length within the intake pipe. Modern engines are designed to allow the intake pipe volume and its associated resonance frequency to be adjusted, resulting in an intake pressure higher than atmospheric pressure while the intake valve is open.

[0276] The system, the supercharger, the supercharger system, and the venturi device (K) can be made in various dimensions. Some non-limiting exemplary dimensions for a supercharger according to FIG. 7 are given below: Length between (D) and (C) = between 6.00 inches and 7.00 inches Ring gap (A1) = 0.001 inch to 0.003 inch B=Inner diameter (also called "ID") at 1.57 to 1.68 inches The contraction angle between (D) and (B) is between 35° and 55°. The contraction angle between (C) and (B) is between 55° and 65°. Inside diameter at (C) = between 1.63 inches and 2.05 inches Inner diameter (D) = between 3.25 inches and 4.01 inches Length between (D) and (E) = 4.50~6.00 inches Contraction angles in (D) and (E) = 30° and 53° (E) Inside diameter = between 1.25 inches and 2.35 inches Contraction angle between (F) and (E) = 33° or more and less than 41° Length between (F) and (E) = between 4.00 inches and 6.00 inches (G) is steel pipe with an inside diameter of 0.75 inch to 1.00 inch (H) is a Tesla one-way valve, with an inner diameter of 1.25 inches to 1.95 inches (I) Modified Pressure Operated Heat Riser Butterfly Valve The inlet (Y), (F), can be made of an elastic polymer or a programmable metal polymer to adjust its opening in response to the input suction pressure. The area between (E) and (F) can be made of an elastic polymer or a programmable metal polymer to adjust its opening in response to the applied input pressure (e.g. different dynamic pressures at different driving speeds if the supercharger is to be installed on a vehicle). A Coanda profile of 40° to 70° can be applied to the ring gap (A1).

[0277] A method for converting thermal energy into electrical energy or another form of energy, characterized in that a heat engine based on the suction effect is used to convert heat into electrical energy or another form of energy. The suction effect can be generated by vortices in a flowing medium. The generation of vortices can also be caused directly by the flow of a free-flowing medium. Due to the suction effect, the flowing medium is sucked in, the temperature of the sucked in flowing medium decreases, the sucked in flowing medium absorbs energy in the form of heat, and the internal energy increases. The energy absorbed in the flowing medium can be extracted again from the flowing medium. The energy stored in the flowing medium can be extracted by a combination of a turbine and a generator. The extracted energy can be extracted in the form of electrical energy. The generation of vortices is carried out in a part (hereinafter referred to as "VFC"), which resembles a tube and whose internal diameter can have different values ​​along its axis. This part can be provided with openings into which the flowing medium can be introduced. A vortex can be generated inside the part, resulting in a suction effect. The flowing medium is sucked in on one side of the vortex and expelled on the other side of the vortex. A flowable medium can flow through the component by entering at the front and exiting at the rear. Thermal energy can be transferred to the flowing fluid medium by one or more VFCs, increasing the internal energy of the fluid medium, a process called "charging". Internal energy can be extracted from the flowing fluid medium, which is called "discharging". A portion of the energy extracted by discharging can be supplied to the device to compensate for energy losses so that the cycle of charging and discharging the flowing medium is maintained.

[0278] A method of charging with ambient air or a mixture of ambient air and fuel (turbocharger) using energy from the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine. Some configurations may not use any mechanically moving parts or compartments. A vortex can be generated in the device by the gas flow. This vortex can create a vacuum or negative pressure on one side. This negative pressure draws in the ambient air or a mixture of ambient air and fuel. This ambient air or a mixture of ambient air and fuel is expelled or compressed on the other side of the vortex and directed into the internal combustion engine. The vortex can be induced by the exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine.

[0279] The systems, devices, and components thereof can be made from a variety of materials, such as metals (such as steel, aluminum, and / or the like), metal alloys, polymers (such as plastics), ceramics, shape memory materials, and / or other suitable materials. The systems, devices, and components thereof can be galvanized, painted, zinc coated, powder coated, vinyl coated, plastidrip, textured, and / or finished with other materials or methods.

[0280] Although the systems and methods have been disclosed in the context of certain embodiments and examples, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the systems and methods extend beyond the specifically disclosed embodiments to other alternative embodiments and / or uses of the embodiments, as well as certain modifications and equivalents thereof. Various features and aspects of the disclosed embodiments may be combined with one another or substituted for one another to form various aspects of the conveyor. The scope of the present disclosure should not be limited by the specific disclosed embodiments described herein.

[0281] Certain features described in this disclosure in the context of separate implementations can also be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, various features described in the context of a single implementation can also be implemented separately in multiple implementations or in any suitable subcombination. Furthermore, although features are described above as acting in a particular combination, in some cases one or more features can be excluded from a claimed combination, and the combination can be claimed as any subcombination or a variation of any subcombination.

[0282] Furthermore, although operations may be depicted in the drawings or described in the specification in a particular order, such operations need not be performed in the particular order shown, or in sequential order, to achieve the desired results, and not all operations need to be performed. Other operations not shown or described may also be incorporated into the illustrated methods and processes. For example, one or more additional operations may be performed before, after, simultaneously with, or between any of the described operations. Furthermore, operations may be rearranged or reordered in other embodiments. Also, the separation of various system components in the above-described embodiments should not be understood as requiring such separation in all embodiments, and it should be understood that the described components and systems may generally be integrated together in a single product or packaged in multiple products. Moreover, other embodiments are within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0283] Conditional language such as "may," "would," "might," or "potential" is generally intended to convey that a particular embodiment includes or does not include certain features, elements, and / or steps, unless specifically stated otherwise or understood otherwise within the context in which it is used. Thus, such conditional language is generally not intended to imply that the features, elements, and / or steps are in any way required for one or more embodiments.

[0284] Conjunctions such as the phrase "at least one of X, Y, and Z" are to be understood in conjunction with the context as being commonly used to convey that an item, term, etc. may be either X, Y, or Z, unless otherwise noted.

[0285] Several embodiments have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Components may be added, removed, and / or rearranged. For example, directional references such as "top" and "bottom" are for ease of discussion and may be rearranged so that features at the top are proximate the bottom and features at the bottom are proximate the top. Furthermore, any particular features, aspects, methods, properties, qualities, attributes, elements, etc. disclosed herein in connection with various embodiments may be used in all other embodiments defined herein. Furthermore, it will be recognized that any method described herein may be implemented using any apparatus suitable for performing the steps referred to.

[0286] In summary, various embodiments and examples of juicing devices and methods have been disclosed. Although the systems and methods have been disclosed in the context of those embodiments and examples, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the disclosure extends beyond the specifically disclosed embodiments to other alternative embodiments and / or other uses of the embodiments, as well as certain modifications and equivalents thereof. The disclosure expressly contemplates that the various features and aspects of the disclosed embodiments may be combined with each other or substituted for each other. Thus, the scope of the disclosure should not be limited by the specific disclosed embodiments described above, but should be determined solely by a fair reading of the claims that follow.

Claims

1. A turbocharger system for an internal combustion engine, comprising: The supercharger system includes a Venturi device. The Venturi device comprises: an inlet configured to receive a primary flow of gas; An outlet; a body disposed between the inlet and the outlet; an annular chamber configured to receive a secondary flow of exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine; a secondary input; and the body comprises a converging portion and a diverging portion, the converging portion configured to increase a velocity of the primary flow of gas and decrease a pressure of the primary flow of gas, and the diverging portion configured to decrease a velocity of the primary flow of gas and increase a pressure of the primary flow of gas; 11. The turbocharger system of claim 10, wherein the secondary input is configured to surround the primary flow, directing the secondary flow from the annular chamber radially inwardly into the primary flow of gas downstream of the convergence, creating suction at the inlet to draw the primary flow from the inlet into the body, and forming a vortex configured to mix the primary and secondary flows together before flowing from the outlet to the internal combustion engine.

2. 2. The turbocharger system of claim 1, further comprising an exhaust manifold, a conduit from the exhaust manifold to the annular chamber, a check valve disposed along the conduit, an exhaust outlet conduit configured to direct exhaust gases from the exhaust manifold to an ambient environment, and a butterfly valve disposed along the exhaust outlet conduit.

3. 2. The turbocharger system of claim 1, wherein the secondary input is an annular passage.

4. The supercharger system of claim 1 , wherein the secondary input comprises a plurality of openings.

5. The supercharger system of claim 1 , wherein the secondary input comprises an annular gap.

6. 2. The turbocharger system of claim 1, wherein the convergence is a first convergence and further comprises a second convergence beginning between the branch and the secondary input.

7. The turbocharger system according to claim 6 , wherein the second convergent portion has a cross-sectional flow passage area that continuously decreases in a flow direction of the primary flow.

8. 8. The turbocharger system according to claim 6, wherein a cross-sectional flow area of ​​the second convergent portion converges to a size smaller than a cross-sectional flow area of ​​the first convergent portion and a cross-sectional flow area of ​​the branch portion.

9. 8. The turbocharger system of claim 1, wherein the secondary input is configured to direct the secondary flow into the primary flow at an angle relative to a flow direction of the primary flow.

10. 8. The turbocharger system of claim 1, wherein the annular chamber comprises a Coanda surface configured to distribute the incoming secondary flow throughout the annular chamber.

11. 8. The supercharger system of claim 1, wherein the secondary input comprises a Coanda surface.

12. A turbocharger system for an internal combustion engine, comprising: The supercharger system includes a Venturi device. The Venturi device comprises: an inlet configured to receive a primary flow of gas; An outlet; The main body, an annular chamber configured to receive a secondary flow of exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine; a secondary input; and the body is disposed between the inlet and the outlet and includes a converging portion and a diverging portion, the converging portion configured to increase a velocity of the primary flow of gas and decrease a pressure of the primary flow of gas, and the diverging portion configured to decrease a velocity of the primary flow of gas and increase a pressure of the primary flow of gas; the secondary input is configured to surround the primary flow and direct the secondary flow radially inward from the annular chamber into the primary flow of gas between the convergence and the exhaust port, and is configured to create suction at the inlet to draw the primary flow through the inlet and into the body, and to mix the primary and secondary flows together before flowing through the exhaust port to the internal combustion engine.

13. The turbocharger system of claim 12 , wherein the primary flow comprises air from the surrounding environment.

14. 14. The turbocharger system of claim 12 or 13, wherein the outlet is in fluid communication with an intake of the internal combustion engine.

15. A venturi device for a turbocharger for an internal combustion engine, comprising: The Venturi device comprises: an inlet configured to receive a primary flow of gas; An outlet; The main body, an annular chamber configured to receive a secondary flow of exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine; a secondary input; and the body includes a converging portion and a diverging portion, the converging portion configured to increase a flow rate of the primary flow and decrease a pressure of the primary flow, and the diverging portion configured to decrease a flow rate of the primary flow and increase a pressure of the primary flow; the secondary input is configured to surround the primary flow and direct the secondary flow from the annular chamber into the primary flow between the convergence and the outlet at an angle relative to a flow direction of the primary flow, and configured to create suction at the inlet to draw the primary flow through the inlet and into a body to create a vortex configured to mix the primary flow and the secondary flow together before flowing to the internal combustion engine.

16. 16. The venturi apparatus of claim 15, wherein the secondary input is an annular passage.

17. 16. The venturi apparatus of claim 15, wherein the convergence is a first convergence and further comprises a second convergence beginning between the branch and the secondary input.

18. 18. The venturi device of claim 17, wherein the second convergence section comprises a cross-sectional flow area that decreases continuously in a flow direction of the primary flow.

19. 20. The venturi device of claim 17, wherein the second convergent section cross-sectional flow area converges to a size less than a cross-sectional flow area of ​​the first convergent section and a cross-sectional flow area of ​​the divergent section.

20. 18. The venturi device of claim 17, wherein the convergence angle of the second convergence section is between 35 degrees and 55 degrees.

21. 16. The venturi device of claim 15, wherein the angle is 90 degrees.

22. 16. The Venturi device of claim 15, wherein the angle is between 60 and 120 degrees.

23. 16. The venturi device of claim 15, wherein the cross-sectional flow area of ​​the outlet is less than the cross-sectional flow area of ​​the inlet.

24. 16. The venturi apparatus of claim 15, wherein the annular chamber includes a Coanda surface configured to distribute the incoming secondary flow throughout the annular chamber.

25. The outlet has a cross-sectional flow area that increases continuously in a flow direction of the primary flow.

16. The venturi device of claim 15.

26. 16. The venturi device of claim 15, wherein the secondary input is configured to direct fluid of the secondary flow into the primary flow at an angle relative to a flow direction of the primary flow to form the vortex.

27. 16. The venturi device of claim 15, wherein the body comprises a check valve.

28. 28. The venturi device of claim 27, wherein the check valve is a fixed geometry passive check valve.

29. 29. A venturi device according to claim 27 or 28, characterized in that the check valve is disposed at the convergence.

30. 29. A venturi device according to claim 27 or 28, characterized in that the check valve is arranged at the branch.

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