Glass-containing joint connector, glass, in particular glass for producing a joint connector, and feed-through containing glass and / or a joint connector, and method for producing the same

Abstract

The present invention generally relates to a joint connection comprising a glass and a joint partner, in particular a joint connection comprising a glass that is at least partially crystallized or can be formed at least partially crystallized. Further aspects relate to glasses, in particular joint connections, in particular glasses for producing joint connections comprising at least one joint partner, as well as feedthroughs (or feedthrough elements) comprising such glasses and / or such joint connections. Yet further aspects of the disclosure relate to methods for producing such joint connections and / or such feedthroughs.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention generally relates to a joint connection comprising a glass and a joint partner, in particular a joint connection comprising a glass that is at least partially crystallized or can be formed at least partially crystallized. Further aspects relate to glasses, in particular joint connections, in particular glasses for producing joint connections comprising at least one joint partner, as well as feedthroughs (or feedthrough elements) comprising such glasses and / or such joint connections. Yet further aspects of the disclosure relate to methods for producing such joint connections and / or such feedthroughs. [Background technology]

[0002] In certain applications, for example in sensor technology, for example particle sensors, exhaust gas sensors, pressure sensors or bushings, or also for example in ignition devices, for example airbag ignition devices, so-called feedthroughs (which may also be referred to as feedthrough elements) are used. In this case, the feedthrough generally comprises a connection body which comprises an electrical insulating element as well as at least two connection partners. At least the at least two connection partners are held electrically insulated from one another by the electrical insulating element.

[0003] The insulating element generally comprises an insulating material, in particular glass, or can also consist of an insulating material, for example glass. Glass is particularly preferred, since in the manufacturing process of such connection elements and / or feed-throughs, the glass at least partially melts and fuses to the connection partner or partners, i.e. a connection, in particular a material-bonding connection, occurs between the glass and the connection partner, for which a correspondingly good connection can be produced. Glasses are therefore very well suited as components of the electrical insulating element in such connection elements and / or in corresponding feed-throughs, since they are not only electrically insulating, but also suitable for the production of very tight, preferably gas-tight, connection elements.

[0004] In this case, the connection elements for use in feed-throughs can also be used in particularly mechanically stressed areas, for example in the airbag ignition devices mentioned at the beginning. For this purpose, high-strength connection elements or correspondingly high-strength feed-throughs are required. However, the provision of such high-strength feed-throughs or connection elements runs counter to the increasing trend towards miniaturization of components, which, due to the reduction of the components and thus the contact surface, for example between the glass and the connection partner or partners, leads to a corresponding reduction in the mechanical strength of the connection elements or of the feed-throughs which contain these connection elements.

[0005] In order to obtain high-strength joint connections and correspondingly high-strength feedthroughs even in the case of relatively small feedthroughs, which can be used, for example, in the ignition devices of airbags, it is known that in particular at least partially crystallizable or at least partially crystallized glasses are used as components of electrical insulation components, i.e. in the case of such at least partially crystallizable and / or at least partially crystallized glasses, crystallite or crystal structures can be formed in the at least partially crystallized glass, in which the crystallites or crystals are, for example, intertwined with one another, so that the strength of the electrical insulation components can be advantageously promoted or increased.

[0006] However, this can have the disadvantage that, when producing the electrical insulating component, particular attention must be paid to this property of at least partially occurring crystallization, so that the crystallization actually occurs in a controlled manner, i.e., the melting temperature and also the melting behavior of the at least partially crystallized or crystallized glass are changed and in particular increased by the crystallization, so that the melting on the joining partner or partners and the corresponding formation of a strong connection, for example a connection by material bonding, between the at least partially crystallized or crystallized glass and the joining partner or partners is not possible or is no longer possible or can only take place under the application of additional external pressure.

[0007] US Patent No. 7,989,373 B2 describes a material for hermetically sealing a surface, for example the surface of a porous ceramic substrate. No joint connector is described, especially a joint connector that can be used for an airbag ignition device.

[0008] EP 0 982 274 A2 describes glass solders that can be used, for example, in fuel cells. However, no connection connections are described that can be used, for example, for airbag igniters or in feedthroughs for airbag igniters. In particular, the glasses according to EP 0 982 274 A2 show insufficient glass push-out forces as well as obvious bubble formation.

[0009] WO 2014 / 107631 A1 relates to glasses with a high content of divalent metal oxides, more than 40 mol %, for use in fuel cells. No joint connections suitable for airbag ignition devices are described.

[0010] EP 3 450 410 A1 describes tubular glass products for sealing metals. The glasses have a relatively low content of alkaline earth oxides and a relatively high content of glass formers. No joint connections with high strength are described.

[0011] US 2019 / 0023605 A1 describes sealing glasses for feedthroughs in refrigerators or cooling devices, where the glass does not have a strong shrinkage at or in a temperature range around the glass transition temperature, avoiding the formation of cracks. There is no description of bond connections with very high strength, in particular bond connections with high glass push-out forces and / or for use in airbag igniters or feedthroughs for airbag igniters.

[0012] US 2005 / 0277541 A1 describes glass frits of sealing glasses that are particularly suitable for fuel cells.

[0013] US 2006 / 0019813 A1 relates to sealing glasses for fuel cells.

[0014] US 2006 / 0172875 A1 describes sealing glasses with a low alkali content that can be used in particular for fuel cells. No mention is made of joint connections for or suitable for, for example, airbag ignition devices.

[0015] US 2009 / 0325349 A1 describes materials for encapsulating semiconductors for use in the 500°C range.

[0016] EP 1 083 155 A1 describes a ceramic glass frit for glazes.

[0017] The above-mentioned prior art documents do not describe high strength joint connections for or suitable for airbag igniters, e.g. for use in feed-throughs for such igniters.

[0018] There is therefore generally a need for a splice connection that has high mechanical strength, particularly with regard to the force required to push out the insulating member, and that at least partially reduces the weaknesses of the prior art, as well as a feedthrough including such a splice connection. There is also a need for a manufacturing method for such a splice connection and / or for such a feedthrough. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0019] [Patent Document 1] U.S. Patent No. 7,989,373 [Patent Document 2] European Patent Application Publication No. 0982274 [Patent Document 3] International Publication No. 2014 / 107631 [Patent Document 4] European Patent Application Publication No. 3450410 [Patent Document 5] US Patent Application Publication No. 2019 / 0023605 [Patent Document 6] US Patent Application Publication No. 2005 / 0277541 [Patent Document 7] US Patent Application Publication No. 2006 / 0019813 [Patent Document 8] US Patent Application Publication No. 2006 / 0172875 [Patent Document 9] US Patent Application Publication No. 2009 / 0325349 [Patent Document 10] European Patent Application Publication No. 1083155 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0020] The object of the present invention is to provide a bond connection which at least partially reduces the disadvantages of the prior art. Further aspects of the present invention relate to a glass, in particular a glass for production and use in a bond connection, a method for producing a bond connection and a bond connection obtained according to the method, a feedthrough comprising a bond connection according to the present disclosure, and uses thereof. [Means for solving the problem]

[0021] Summary of the Invention The problem of the present invention is solved by the subject matter of the independent claims. Advantageous, preferred and / or particular embodiments are set out in the dependent claims, the description and / or the drawings of the present disclosure.

[0022] The present disclosure therefore relates to a joint connection comprising an electrical insulating element and at least two joint partners, in particular a joint connection usable for an airbag ignition device or in a feed-through for an airbag ignition device, at least the two joint partners being held electrically insulated from one another by the electrical insulating element. The insulating element comprises or consists of glass, preferably glass with a maximum of 2-3% by volume of crystals and / or crystallites, particularly preferably essentially crystal-free glass. Advantageously, the joint connection has a maximum glass push-out force of more than 3900 N, preferably at least 4000 N, determined for a glass seal length of preferably 3 mm or up to 3 mm, but at least 0.5 mm. The glass push-out force is then preferably determined as the average value of the glass push-out force for a total of 12-25 joint connections. In particular, the glass push-out force can be determined advantageously in a push-out force investigation method as described below.

[0023] Surprisingly, it has been shown that the glass push-out force is largely independent of the exact glass seal length, especially in the range of glass seal lengths from 0.5 mm to 5 mm, or especially in the range of glass seal lengths from 2 to 3 mm.

[0024] It can also be stated that the glass removal force per mm of glass seal length is preferably more than 1300 N per mm of glass seal length, in particular at least 1330 N per mm of glass seal length, preferably at least in the range of 0.5 mm to 5 mm or 2 to 3 mm of glass seal length.

[0025] For this purpose, the splice connection is stored in a receptacle or holder by a fixture, said fixture having an upper part and a lower part, a test needle is arranged on the upper part of the fixture, which presses against the splice connection, and by linearly increasing the force with which the test needle presses against the splice connection, the force at which the splice connection yields can be determined.

[0026] Advantageously, said glass generally comprises: at least one glass-forming metal oxide or semi-metal oxide GB of the general formula RO2 or R2O3, at least one metal oxide of the general formula MO, by glass-forming metal or semi-metal oxides GB is understood in particular to mean SiO2, Al2O3, B2O3, ZrO2, La2O3, P2O5, Fe2O3 and / or TiO2 and / or mixtures thereof, Metal oxides of the general formula MO are understood in particular to mean alkaline earth metals or ZnO, Furthermore, the molar ratio of the total metal oxides MO contained in the glass to the total glass formers GB contained in the glass is at least 0.29 and at most 0.59.

[0027] Therefore, in general 0.29≦ΣMO / ΣGB≦0.59 is applicable.

[0028] In general, the molar ratio ΣMO / ΣGB according to one embodiment can be at least 0.29, preferably at least 0.30, particularly preferably at least 0.31. According to one embodiment, the molar ratio ΣMO / ΣGB is at most 0.58, preferably at most 0.55.

[0029] The glass sealing length is generally understood to be the shortest axial length of the interface between the electrical insulating element and one of the joining partners of the joining connection. Due to the formation of the meniscus, it is possible that the glass sealing length can be formed differently for the two joining partners. Advantageously, in the range of said glass sealing length, a connection is formed between the glass contained in or constituting the electrical insulating element and at least one joining partner, preferably two joining partners, by fusion, preferably by material bonding.

[0030] Such a joint connection is very advantageous: it has surprisingly been shown that with such glasses having the above-specified molar ratio of the sum of the metal oxides MO contained in the glass to the sum of the glass formers GB contained in the glass, i.e. at least 0.29 and at most 0.59, very high strengths can be obtained in the resulting joint connections, in particular even for fairly short glass sealing lengths, for example only 3 mm or 2 mm. It is therefore even possible to obtain feedthroughs which can be used, for example, in the ignition of airbags. In particular glass push-out forces as specified above are therefore possible.

[0031] However, it is also of special advantage that such high-strength joint connections and / or feedthroughs can be obtained with glasses that contain, particularly advantageously, at most 2-3% by volume of crystallites and / or crystals, and advantageously the glasses can even be formed essentially crystallite-free, i.e. with at most 1% by volume of crystallites and / or crystals, or even completely crystallite-free. In other words, this means that the total content of crystals and / or crystallites of the glass is advantageously at most 2-3% by volume, or it can even be formed crystallite-free or crystal-free, i.e. with a total of 1% by volume or less of crystals and / or crystallites. Crystallites are generally understood to be small crystals having a diameter of 1 μm or less. In this case, it is generally possible for the glass to contain only crystals or only crystallites, or a mixture of crystallites and crystallites. With regard to the content of crystals and / or crystallites of the glass, the application therefore always specifies the total content of crystalline phases contained in the glass.

[0032] Glass is generally understood to be an inorganic, non-metallic oxide product produced from a melting process that is at least partially amorphous, especially X-ray amorphous, although glasses according to the present disclosure may contain crystalline or microcrystalline, or generally crystalline phases, and thus may be formed as at least partially crystallized glasses.

[0033] The only low content of crystalline phases, i.e. crystals and / or crystallites, of the glasses according to the embodiments can on the one hand facilitate the production of the joint connections and, accordingly, the production of the feedthroughs. Thus, for example, no nucleation step needs to be carried out during fusion. Furthermore, it has even been shown that in this way, i.e. in particular with glasses according to the embodiments which may have only a small volume of crystallization, simplified assembly methods are possible. For example, it is even possible to produce electrical insulating elements directly, i.e. without a grinding process following the glass melting and the subsequent production of a compact made of or containing glass powder. Because it has been shown that it may even be possible to obtain electrical insulating elements containing or consisting of glass with the glasses according to the embodiments directly in a forming process, for example in the form of drawing a tube. This is therefore advantageously possible, since the glasses according to the present disclosure have only a very low tendency to crystallize. Surprisingly, despite the absence of crystallites and / or crystals in the glass, the resulting bonded connections exhibit high strength, which can be exhibited, as mentioned above, for example at high glass push-out forces, especially at high maximum glass push-out forces, even for glass sealing lengths of only advantageously only 3 mm.The glasses according to the embodiments are therefore particularly advantageous, especially for producing centrosymmetric designs of electrical insulating components, since in this case, via the production of glass tubes whose geometric dimensions already essentially correspond to those of the subsequent electrical insulating component, a semi-finished product of the electrical insulating component can be obtained already after melting and forming, and no grinding or pressing steps are required.

[0034] This is also particularly advantageous, since in the case of such high push-out forces, particularly good mechanical resistance or strength of the joint connection as a whole results, which can be used, for example, also in feed-throughs and / or in or for particularly mechanically particularly loaded components, for example ignition devices of airbags.

[0035] Advantageously, this configuration of a bonding connection or feedthrough according to an embodiment, and / or easier manufacturing of such a bonding connection and / or feedthrough, may be further facilitated by appropriate selection of the bonding partner and / or glass.

[0036] Although it may be preferred in the present application if the glass contains only a small amount of crystalline phase as mentioned above, it is also possible for the glass to have a high content of crystalline phase. A high content of crystalline phase in the glass according to the embodiment can be achieved, for example, in a joint connection that contains this glass, when an electrical insulating component is produced via a sintering method. In this case, as is known, the grain boundaries in the compact are often the starting point for crystallization. In contrast, if other forming methods are selected, such as tube drawing, a lower degree of crystallinity may be achieved for the same glass composition.

[0037] According to one embodiment, the glass further comprises at least one network modifier NW of the general formula R2O, where the network modifier NW of the general formula R2O is understood to mean, in particular, an alkali metal oxide. In particular, the network modifier R2O can therefore be or contain Na2O, Li2O, Cs2O, K2O, Rb2O, and any mixtures thereof, in particular Na2O, K2O, Li2O, and any mixtures thereof. Such a configuration with a glass comprising at least one network modifier NW is advantageous, since in this way the melting point of the glass can be lowered and thus the manufacture of the glass can be facilitated. By adding at least one network modifier, in particular one or more alkali metal oxides, the thermal expansion coefficient of the resulting glass can also be increased, which is particularly advantageous when the thermal expansion coefficient should be matched particularly well with the metallic joint partner, since metallic materials usually have a relatively high thermal expansion coefficient compared to glass. By thermal expansion coefficient is understood in the context of the present disclosure the linear thermal expansion coefficient α, which may be determined in particular for glass materials in particular in the temperature range 20°C to 300°C.

[0038] According to one embodiment, the sum of all metal oxides or semi-metal oxides GB of general formula RO2 or R2O3 contained in the glass is at least 50 mol % and preferably at most 70 mol %; and / or the sum of all network modifiers NW of general formula R2O contained in the glass is at least 9 mol % and at most 20 mol %, preferably at least 10 mol % and advantageously at most 19 mol %, and / or The sum of all metal oxides of general formula MO contained in the glass is more than 15 mol % and advantageously up to 35 mol %.

[0039] Thus, according to this embodiment, the content of at least one component or group of components, ie at least one glass former GB and / or metal oxide MO and / or network modifier NW, is within a particular range.

[0040] According to one embodiment, the sum of all metal oxides or semimetal oxides GB of the general formula RO2 or R2O3 contained in the glass is at least 50 mol % and preferably at most 70 mol %. This means, in other words, that according to one embodiment in the present application, the glass has a relatively low content of glass formers. At least 50 mol %, the content of glass formers GB is selected high so that a glass network can be formed, but it is relatively low compared to known glasses, preferably at most 70 mol %. A relatively low content of glass formers in the glass can be advantageous in particular for lowering the melting temperature, since with an increase in the content of glass formers, the viscosity generally also increases, which is advantageous for the formation of a stable, in particular three-dimensionally connected, network. However, a low content of glass formers in the glass is also disadvantageous for the stability of the glass, since with an increase in the degree of crosslinking and an increase in viscosity, the degree of crystallinity also decreases. Nevertheless, the inventors have surprisingly found that even with such glasses having a relatively low content of glass formers according to one embodiment, it is possible to produce stable glasses that have only a small crystallization, i.e. in particular only a small content of crystals and / or crystallites, preferably up to 2-3% by volume, or that are essentially or even completely crystal-free. This appears to be made possible by the advantageous ratio of the sum of the metal oxides, as specified above, to the sum of the glass formers.

[0041] According to a further embodiment, it is advantageous if the sum of all metal oxides of the general formula MO contained in the glass is greater than 15 mol % and advantageously up to 35 mol %. In this way, not only can an advantageous ratio of metal oxides MO to glass formers contained in the glass be adjusted, but also leads to the formation of advantageous strong glasses with only a small volume of crystallization of the glass or of the joint connections or of the feedthroughs. However, the inventors consider that in this way a particularly good glass structure similar to the so-called "invert glasses" is obtained, which surprisingly has good elastic properties, which surprisingly leads to a good glass push-out force. According to one embodiment, the content of the sum of all metal oxides of the general formula MO contained in the glass is greater than 18 mol %. A preferred upper limit for the content of the sum of all metal oxides of the general formula MO contained in the glass can be 31 mol % according to one embodiment.

[0042] According to a further embodiment, it can also be envisaged that the sum of all network modifiers NW of general formula R2O contained in the glass is at least 9 mol % and at most 20 mol %, preferably at least 10 mol % and advantageously at most 19 mol %.

[0043] This is advantageous because in this way the advantages of the network modifier, such as an increase in the thermal expansion coefficient and / or a decrease in the melt viscosity, come into play, without the disadvantageous effects, such as too low resistance of the glass or insulating components and / or too low use temperatures of the resulting glass or bonded connections and / or feedthroughs, becoming dominant or acting excessively.

[0044] According to a further embodiment, the SiO2 content of the glass is generally, without being limited to the specific examples of the present disclosure, at least 45 mol%, preferably at least 47 mol%, particularly preferably at least 49 mol%, and in particular at most 67 mol%, preferably at most 65 mol%, particularly preferably at most 63 mol%, and very particularly preferably at most 61 mol%. SiO2 is a glass former and in the glasses according to the present disclosure contributes in particular to the stability of the glass against devitrification. Thus, the SiO2 content of the glass should not be too low and according to one embodiment is at least 45 mol%, preferably at least 47 mol%, particularly preferably at least 49 mol%. Advantageously, however, the SiO2 content of the glass is also limited, in particular so that too high a melting temperature and / or melting viscosity is not reached. Thus, according to a further embodiment, said content of the glass is at most 63 mol%, preferably at most 61 mol%.

[0045] Surprisingly, it has been shown that, despite the relatively low SiO2 content, glasses are obtained that allow sufficient strength in joint connections. In this case, the glasses according to the embodiments, despite the generally rather low content of network formers and SiO2, have only a very slight tendency to crystallization, as is manifested in the low content of crystals and / or crystallites in the glasses according to the embodiments. As mentioned above, the content is preferably at most 3% by volume, preferably at most 2% by volume, particularly preferably at most 1% by volume, and it is even possible and particularly preferred that the glasses are crystal-free or crystallite-free.

[0046] According to a further embodiment, the Na2O content of the glass is generally, without being limited to the specific examples of the present disclosure, at least 2 mol%, preferably at least 4 mol%, and advantageously at most 12 mol%, particularly preferably at most 11 mol%, very particularly preferably at most 10 mol%. As an alkali metal oxide, Na2O serves as a network modifier in the glass according to the present disclosure and can therefore advantageously affect the thermal expansion coefficient and the viscosity of the glass melt. Furthermore, Na2O is a known and readily available glass component, which facilitates the inexpensive manufacture of the glass. However, it is known that Na2O can adversely affect the chemical durability of the glass, so that the Na2O content of the glass is advantageously limited. Thus, the glass advantageously contains at most 12 mol%, particularly preferably at most 11 mol%, very particularly preferably at most 10 mol%. The minimum Na2O content of the glass should be at least 2 mol%, preferably at least 4 mol%, according to one embodiment.

[0047] K2O is a further component of the glass according to one embodiment. The K2O content of the glass can generally be, without being limited to the specific examples of the present disclosure, at least 2 mol%, advantageously at least 3 mol%, and preferably at most 12 mol%, particularly preferably at most 11 mol%, and very particularly preferably at most 10 mol%.

[0048] Al2O3 is considered as a glass former in the glass according to the embodiment and is an optional component of the glass for the joint connection according to the embodiment. Advantageously, the glass contains less than 4.5 mol %, preferably less than 4 mol %, particularly preferably at most 3 mol % Al2O3. Al2O3 is a component that can increase the stiffness of the sealing glass. Surprisingly, however, it has been shown that in order to achieve sufficient strength of the joint connection, for example in order to be able to achieve high glass push-off forces, the Al2O3 content of the glass should preferably not be too high and is preferably limited to a maximum of 4.5 mol % according to the embodiment. In the case of the glass according to the embodiment, it does not seem to be necessary to use a particularly hard glass for the advantageous joint connection according to the present disclosure, which has a particularly high push-off resistance and / or is suitable for an airbag ignition device or for a feed-through therefor. In particular, it is not necessary to obtain a glass with a particularly high elastic modulus. Rather, an elastic glass network is produced, which appears to be advantageous in particular when the content of the glass former is limited as described above. In particular, however, the type of glass former involved also appears to be important. Advantageously, therefore, as mentioned above, the Al2O3 content of the glass should be limited accordingly according to the embodiment.

[0049] B2O3 is a further optional component of the glasses of the corresponding embodiments. B2O3 is a known glass former and can be used, for example, to reduce the melting temperature of the glass, which is also advantageous in terms of chemical durability. Thus, the glasses according to the embodiments may contain B2O3. However, since too high a B2O3 content of the glass can generally limit its temperature resistance, the content of the glass according to the embodiments is advantageously limited. Preferably, the B2O3 content of the glass is less than 8 mol%, preferably less than 6 mol%, particularly preferably less than 5 mol%, very particularly preferably less than 4.5 mol%. In this way, according to one embodiment, a good compromise is made between good meltability of the glass, good chemical durability, and overall good temperature stability of the glass and, correspondingly, of the joint connection containing this glass.

[0050] BaO is a further optional component of the glasses of the corresponding embodiments. BaO can be included in the glasses as alkaline earth oxides in the present application, which promotes the advantageous properties of the glasses according to the embodiments for producing particularly strong joint connections. However, the BaO content of the glasses according to the embodiments is preferably limited, since BaO can lead to segregation and / or crystallization of the glasses, especially at too high a content. It has also been observed that in the glasses according to the embodiments, too high a BaO content can increase the formation of bubbles, which may be due to the absorption of CO2 by BaO. It has also been discussed that BaO may have a water toxicity, and therefore should not be included in too high a content, since in some cases water toxicity may result from dissolution. The BaO content of the glasses according to the embodiments is therefore preferably at most 10 mol %, preferably not more than 6 mol %.

[0051] MgO is a further optional component of the glass according to one embodiment. Advantageously, the MgO content of the glass should be less than 12 mol%, particularly preferably at most 11 mol%. For example, it could be shown that if the MgO content of the glass is too high, there is a strong tendency to crystallization, which leads only to poor fusion. Therefore, as mentioned above, advantageously the MgO content of the glass is limited as mentioned above.

[0052] SrO is yet another optional component of the glasses according to one embodiment. Advantageously, the glasses should contain no more than 12 mol% SrO, since also in the case of this alkaline earth oxide, at too high a content, a strong tendency to crystallization can be observed in the glasses of the present disclosure. Advantageously, the glasses contain up to 9 mol% SrO.

[0053] According to a further embodiment, the glass contains fluoride F - However, this component is problematic, since in too high a concentration it can also adversely affect the chemical durability and electrolytic resistance of the glass. The fluoride content of the glass is therefore advantageously limited, advantageously to less than 6 mol %, preferably less than 5 mol % and particularly preferably less than 3 mol %.

[0054] For all the aforementioned optional components, in a particular embodiment, the glass may be free of the respective component, i.e. the respective glass contains this component only in the form of unavoidable traces, with a content of not more than 500 ppm by weight.

[0055] According to a further embodiment, the glass comprises the following components in mole percent based on oxide: SiO2: 45-67, preferably 47-63 Al2O3: 0 to 4.5, preferably less than 4, particularly preferably 0 to 3 B2O3: 0 to less than 8, preferably less than 6, particularly preferably less than 5, and particularly preferably less than 4.5 TiO2: 0 to 10, preferably less than 8, particularly preferably less than 7, particularly preferably less than 6 ZrO2: 0 to 5, preferably 0 to 3, particularly preferably 0 to 2.5 La2O3: 0 to 5, preferably 0 to 4, particularly preferably 0 to 3.5 Fe2O3: 0-2, preferably less than 1, advantageously up to 0.5 Li2O: 0 to 4, preferably 0 to 3 Na2O: 2 to 12, preferably 4 to 11 K2O: 2 to 12, preferably 3 to 11 ZnO: 0 to 30, preferably 0 to 25 MgO: 0 to less than 12, preferably 0 to 11 CaO: 0 to 22, preferably 0 to 17 SrO: 0 to 12, preferably 0 to 9 BaO: 0-10, preferably up to 6 Fluoride: 0 to less than 6, preferably less than 5, particularly preferably less than 3 Includes.

[0056] It has been surprisingly shown that in particular in combinations of the aforementioned components as glass components, especially in the aforementioned ranges, joint connections are obtained that have particularly high strengths, also specified, for example, as the glass push-out force, as generally described above for all embodiments.

[0057] With glasses according to the above-mentioned compositions, it is possible to achieve only a small volume of crystallization, for example up to 3% by volume, generally up to 2-3% by volume, for example up to 1% by volume, or even to obtain glasses that are essentially or completely crystal-free. It is particularly surprising that even with such amorphous structures, i.e. with a volume fraction of crystallites and / or crystals in the glass of up to 3% by volume or less, a joint connection according to the above-mentioned embodiment is possible, for example with a glass push-out resistance. Because here, up to now, it has been thought that in order to achieve high resistance for such particularly strong joint connections, for example in small feedthroughs that can also be used in airbag ignition devices or similar applications, a structure that contains crystallites and / or crystallites, in particular also has crystallites and / or crystallites that are connected and intertwined with each other, is necessary to achieve such high resistance. The inventors believe that the high resistance of the glass according to the embodiment, which can be formed despite a small volume of crystallization and in particular with only very few crystals or crystallites or preferably essentially crystallite-free, can be due on the one hand to a particularly good chemical bond between the glass and at least one joining partner or preferably several or all joining partners contained in the joining connection. This can be achieved, for example, by the relatively low SiO2 content, which allows the glass to melt well, since the glass has a relatively low melt viscosity. On the other hand, this can alternatively or additionally result from the fact that the glass structure advantageously obtained with the glass according to the embodiment allows a particularly good glass structure that can be particularly well compensated for pressure loads acting on the glass or the joining connection, for example in glass push-off. However, the relationships that can be the basis of this possible mechanism are not yet fully understood.

[0058] According to one embodiment, the glass and / or the electrical insulating member has a melting point of 7.5×10 in the range of 20° C. to 300° C. -6 / K, preferably above 8×10 -6 / K and advantageously up to 12×10 -6 / K, preferably up to 11×10 -6 / K linear thermal expansion coefficient α 20-300 It is possible to select the components to be joined or the materials contained in these components such that their thermal expansion coefficients differ only very slightly. In this way, for example, a particularly stress-free fusion can be achieved. However, it is also possible, and for certain applications may be advantageous, for the thermal expansion coefficient of the joining partner to be intentionally different from that of the insulating component, in particular from the glass contained in this component. In this way, it is possible, in particular, to produce so-called pressure glass seals.

[0059] In the scope of the present disclosure, the coefficient of linear thermal expansion α is understood as the coefficient of thermal expansion. Unless otherwise indicated, it is given in the range of 20 to 300 °C. α and α 20-300 are understood synonymously within the scope of the present invention. The values ​​given are the nominal mean coefficients of linear thermal expansion according to ISO 7991, as determined in static measurements.

[0060] According to a further embodiment, the glass has a working temperature Va below 1000°C.

[0061] Alternatively or additionally, the glass may have a softening temperature Ew of less than 800°C, preferably less than 770°C.

[0062] Va is the viscosity of glass is 10 4 The EW indicates the working point (also known as T4), which is the temperature at which the viscosity of the glass is 10 7.6 This indicates the softening point, or T7.6, which is the temperature at which the viscosity is in dPa·s.

[0063] Such a configuration of the glass according to the embodiment is highly advantageous, since with a glass having such a working temperature and / or such a softening temperature, good wetting of the joint connection(s) by the glass in the fusion process (or equivalently the glass sealing process) occurs, and the glass therefore melts well, which is understood to mean that the glass advantageously forms a positive meniscus, especially even when no external pressure is applied, for example by a graphite stamp.

[0064] According to yet another embodiment, it is further possible for the electrical insulating member to comprise a filler, for example a crystalline inorganic filler. Filler is understood in the context of the present disclosure as a further material added to the glass material, which is configured in particular so that it does not react with the glass material or only reacts to a very small extent and is essentially inert thereto. In this case, the electrical insulating member is therefore configured to comprise a composite material.

[0065] The addition of fillers can be advantageous, for example, when the thermal expansion coefficient of the insulating material is to be precisely adjusted: for example, negatively expanding β-eucryptite can be added to the glass, which leads to a reduction in the resulting thermal expansion coefficient of the electrical insulating material.

[0066] The embodiment of the joint connection in which the electrical insulation member comprises a composite material comprising a glass according to the embodiment and at least one filler, optionally a plurality of fillers, is expediently related to the production of the electrical insulation member via the so-called "powder process", i.e., where the glass is produced as a ribbon, subsequently crushed and subsequently further processed into pressable granules, which are then followed by further steps, including, for example, the production of a sintered product.

[0067] According to yet a further embodiment, the glass has a hydrolysis resistance of class 3 or higher, advantageously class 2 or higher, particularly preferably class 1, as specified in accordance with ISO 719 (1994-02). Such a configuration of the glass and / or of the joint connection (as well as the feed-through containing it) made of such a glass is highly advantageous, since in this way products with good corrosion resistance are obtained, which is important not only for products that are used in particular in corrosive environments, but also for good long-term durability, for example if the product is stored in ambient air for long periods of time but must still function reliably even after such long periods.

[0068] According to a further embodiment, the glass has an alkali resistance according to ISO 695 (1989-12) of at least 2, advantageously at least 1. The alkali resistance of a glass is a further aspect of the corrosion resistance of a glass, and thus high alkali resistance can advantageously further improve the overall corrosion resistance of the glass, and of products comprising such a glass.

[0069] The glass has this property, surprisingly, despite the generally rather low proportion of glass formers, in particular SiO2 and more particularly B2O3, whereby the good corrosion properties of the glass according to the embodiment are considered rather surprising, since glasses having a high SiO2 content and preferably a high B2O3 content in particular have, as is known, a particularly high corrosion resistance.

[0070] According to one embodiment, the glass has an elastic modulus of at least 70 GPa, but preferably the elastic modulus is limited, having a maximum value of 95 GPa.

[0071] According to a further embodiment, the glass is free of toxicologically concerning components, in particular free of PbO, As2O3, CdO, SeO2, where free of these components is understood to mean that the glass contains these components only in the form of impurities, in a content of not more than 500 ppm by weight in each case, in particular not more than 100 ppm by weight in each case.The glass can therefore be advantageously produced without toxicologically concerning components.

[0072] According to a further embodiment, the glass contains fining agents, in particular Sb2O3, sulfates and / or chlorides, only in the form of impurities, in a content of up to 500 ppm each by weight. The use of fining agents is therefore not necessary, and thus one or more substances that are of concern for health and that may attack the stone of the bath are not necessary.

[0073] According to a further embodiment, the glass comprises color additives, in particular compounds of Co, Ni, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, V, W and / or rare earths, such as compounds of Ce, Nd, Eu, only in the form of impurities, in a content of up to 500 ppm in each case by weight.

[0074] In the literature, these materials and components are considered to have a partially adhesion-promoting effect. However, in the case of the glasses according to the embodiments, such materials are not necessary for producing good and strong bond connections between the insulating member and the bond partner or possibly multiple bond connections, so the glasses according to the embodiments can be free of these components. This is advantageous, since some of these components are also rather expensive.

[0075] According to yet a further embodiment, the glass is free of Bi2O3, TeO2, GeO2, Ta2O5, Nb2O5, Ga2O3, Y2O3, InO2, where free of these components is understood to mean that the glass contains these components only in the form of impurities, each in a content of up to 500 ppm by weight. In other words, the glasses according to the embodiments can be produced without using high purity raw materials, and therefore advantageously the use of components requiring high purity and / or expensive raw materials is not necessary.

[0076] According to one embodiment, at least one joining partner is a metal, in particular a steel, such as ordinary steel, special steel, stainless steel and high-temperature stable ferritic steels also known under the trade name Thermax, for example Thermax 4016, Thermax 4742, or Thermax 4762, or Crofer 22 APU, or CroFer 22 H, or materials based on NiFe, for example NiFe 45, NiFe 47, or nickel-plated pins, or those known under the trade name Inconel, for example Inconel 718 or X-750, or those known under the names CF25, Alloy 600, Alloy 625, Alloy 718, X-750, or those known under the trade name CF ... 690, SUS310S, SUS430, SUH446 or SUS316, or austenitic steels, such as metals selected from the group of 1.4828 or 1.4841, or high temperature stable ceramic compounds, such as ceramics based on aluminum oxide or ceramics based on zirconium oxide, for example ceramics containing Y-stabilized zirconium oxide.

[0077] With these materials, not only are advantageously mechanically strong joint connections possible, but in particular it is also possible that the resulting joint connections can withstand high temperatures, for example up to 500° C., and particularly advantageously in this form, the mechanical strength of the joint connections remains even at these elevated temperatures. This is for the application of the joint connections and / or feedthroughs which contain such joint connections, for example in the ignition of airbags, or in sensors, for example exhaust gas sensors, pressure sensors, particle sensors, for example soot particle sensors and / or temperature sensors, and / or NO x This is particularly advantageous in sensors and / or in oxygen sensors and / or in feedthroughs for compressors and / or electric compressors and / or as electrical bushings in exhaust gas components and / or in fuel cells and / or in feedthroughs for chemical reactors, since in this case the insulating elements, i.e. the glass, can be subjected to high mechanical pressure loads and the application temperatures are also high.

[0078] According to one embodiment, the splice connection is configured as a socket with at least one through opening and said socket has a height of at most 10 mm and at least 0.5 mm, advantageously at most 5 mm and at least 1.5 mm. In this way, a surprisingly high strength of the splice connection can be achieved, while compact designs of the splice connection and of the feedthrough containing it can be produced.

[0079] The object of the invention is also achieved by a glass, in particular a glass according to the embodiment described above.

[0080] The disclosure furthermore relates to a method for producing a joint connection, in particular a high-strength joint connection, in particular a joint connection suitable for an airbag igniter or for a feed-through for an airbag igniter, in particular preferably a joint connection according to the embodiment described above.

[0081] The method comprises the steps of: melting a glass, in particular a glass according to the embodiment as described above, producing a ribbon and / or frit consisting of or comprising said glass, said ribbon and / or frit being ground into a powder, processed into pressable granules or hot formed to obtain a tube consisting of or comprising said glass as a preform, optionally pressing the granules to obtain a preform; - assembling said preform with at least one joining partner; placing said preform and at least one joining partner in a furnace to carry out a heat treatment, so that the glass melts and a connection is created between said glass and at least one joining partner; Includes.

[0082] In particular, the embodiment in which the glass is hot-formed subsequent to melting to give a tube is preferred, since no further steps, such as grinding and granulation, are necessary.

[0083] However, it may also be advantageous to go the powder route, i.e. produce ribbons and / or fillets, then grind and granulate to powder, since in this case it is possible to manipulate, for example, the filler or at least one filler, for example to precisely adjust the expansion coefficient.

[0084] The heat treatment can be carried out, for example, at temperatures between 850° C. and 1000° C., in particular in an industrial vitrification furnace.

[0085] The bond connections according to the present disclosure, for example those manufactured or producible as described above and / or those including glass according to the embodiments, are typically further cleaned, for example electrolytically cleaned, which the bond connections according to the embodiments advantageously withstand essentially without damage, in particular still achieving the advantageous properties of the bond connections according to the embodiments.

[0086] The present disclosure also relates to a bonded connection produced or producible in a method as described above and / or comprising glass according to the embodiments described above.

[0087] The present disclosure further relates to feedthroughs that include a bonding connection according to the embodiments, and / or are produced or producible in a method according to the embodiments, and / or include a glass according to the embodiments.

[0088] The present disclosure further relates to a method for detecting the presence of a NOx in an airbag ignition device or in a sensor, such as an exhaust gas sensor, a pressure sensor, a particle sensor, such as a soot particle sensor and / or a temperature sensor, and / or a NOx sensor. x The present invention also relates to the use of a joining connection according to the embodiment and / or a joining connection produced or producible by a method according to the embodiment in a sensor and / or in an oxygen sensor and / or in a feedthrough for a compressor and / or an electric compressor and / or as an electrical bushing in an exhaust gas element and / or in a fuel cell and / or in a feedthrough for a chemical reactor.

[0089] The disclosure further particularly relates to an ignition device for an airbag comprising a feed-through, in particular a feed-through according to an embodiment, and / or a bonding connection, in particular a bonding connection according to an embodiment, which comprises glass, in particular a glass according to an embodiment, and / or a bonding connection produced or producible in a method according to an embodiment, wherein the bonding connection has a maximum glass push-out force, determined for a glass sealing length of preferably 3 mm, or up to 3 mm but at least 0.5 mm, of more than 3900 N, preferably at least 4000 N, determined as an average value of the push-out forces for a total of 12 to 25 bonding connections. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0090] [Figure 1]FIG. 2 is a photograph of the structure of a preform. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a joint connector according to one embodiment. EXAMPLES

[0091] The invention will now be explained in more detail with the aid of examples.

[0092] The following table lists the compositions of glasses according to the embodiments. The compositions are each given in mole %. The characteristic temperatures are usually used to describe the melting behavior of the ash, such as the softening temperature (abbreviated as softening), the sintering temperature (abbreviated as sintering), the sphere temperature (abbreviated as sphere), the hemisphere temperature (abbreviated as hemisphere) and the flow temperature (abbreviated as flow temperature), which are determined using a heating microscope (abbreviated as EHM). The investigation of these temperatures is carried out in accordance with DIN 51730. The thermal expansion coefficient α for the range from 20°C to 300°C is 10 -6 It is expressed in units of t / K and is hereinafter referred to as "CTE". k 100 is preferably 10 as specified in accordance with DIN 52326 8 The temperature of the glass for the specific electrical resistivity in Ω·cm is indicated. The abbreviations P1 to P3 stand for temperature programs, where P1 is a temperature program for fusion, i.e. for forming a connection between the glass and at least one joining partner, for example a connection by material bonding, during which the glass advantageously melts and advantageously wets the at least one joining partner, and has a maximum temperature of 870° C. to 900° C., preferably 885° C., P2 is a second temperature program with a maximum temperature of 905° C. to 935° C., preferably 920° C., and P3 is a third temperature program with a maximum temperature of 940° C. to 980° C., preferably 960° C. The specific resistivity is abbreviated as "Ratio". T g represents the glass transition temperature and is determined by the intersection of the tangents of the two branches of the expansion curve measured at a heating rate of 5 K / min. This corresponds to measurements according to ISO 7884-8 or DIN 52324. Va is the glass viscosity at 10 4 dPa·s indicates the working point (also called T4). EW indicates the softening point, i.e. T7.6.

[0093] [Table 1-1]

[0094] [Table 1-2]

[0095] [Table 2-1]

[0096] [Table 2-2]

[0097] The preforms from Example 1 could be produced both by the tube drawing method and via the sintering method. Surprisingly, the results of the push-out forces of the joint connections produced with these different preforms are the same. Photographs of the structures are shown in FIG. 1, where FIG. 1a) shows a photograph of the structure of a preform obtained via the sintering method at the corresponding joint connection at a magnification of 2000 times, and FIG. 1b) shows a photograph of the structure of a preform obtained by tube drawing at the corresponding joint connection at a magnification of 1000 times. The joint partner is always shown on the left side in the photographs of the structures in FIG. 1. It is metal in the case of the structure in FIG. 1.

[0098] This is all the more surprising since the structure of the preform produced via sintering of this glass has a needle-like crystallization (see also FIG. 1a).

[0099] Comparative examples are listed below in two successive tables, with the designations of dimensions and units corresponding to those for the examples in Tables 1 and 2.

[0100] [Table 3-1]

[0101] [Table 3-2]

[0102] [Table 4-1]

[0103] [Table 4-2]

[0104] The abbreviation "fusion" means "to fuse". The abbreviation "not applicable" means "not applicable", and in the above table, there is no description of the glass sealing length in the case of samples in which fusion does not occur and therefore there is no glass sealing length.

[0105] FIG. 2 shows a schematic and not to scale view of a joint connection according to one embodiment. The joint connection 1 comprises an electrical insulating member 4 and joint partners 2, 3, which are held electrically insulated from one another by said electrical insulating member 4. The electrical insulating member 4 can also comprise or consist of glass, advantageously with a maximum of 2-3% by volume of crystals and / or crystallites. In general, it may be preferred that the glass is essentially crystallite-free glass. The glass seal length 5 is also shown. This is the shortest length of the interface formed between the electrical insulating member 4 and the at least one joint partner 2, 3, i.e. in the axial direction 6. In this case, the joint partner 3 is formed in the form of a hollow body having an opening, in which the joint partner 2 as well as the electrical insulating member 4 are accommodated. For example, the joint partner 3, which may generally also be referred to as the outer joint partner, can also be formed as a circular or cylindrical hollow body. In general, the joint partner 2, which may generally also be referred to as the inner joint partner, can be configured as a pin, without being limited to the embodiment. The so-called glass seal length 5 is also shown. This is generally the shortest axial length of the interface between the electrically insulating part 4 and at least one joint partner of the joint connection. In this case, the axial direction 6 is understood to mean a direction oriented approximately parallel to the longitudinal extension of the joint partner 2, which is formed here as an elongated pin. The axial direction 6 can also be understood to mean a direction approximately perpendicular to the free surface of the electrically insulating part 4, the free surface being a surface that is not in contact with the joint partners 2, 3. In this case, approximately parallel or approximately perpendicular is understood to mean a deviation of not more than ±10°, preferably not more than ±5°, from the ideal parallel or perpendicular direction.

[0106] The glass seal length here can therefore generally also be understood as the minimum height of the electrical insulating element 4. Here, however, the glass seal length 5 is formed identically on both joining partners 2, 3. However, due to the formation of the meniscus, it is also possible that the glass seal length on joining partner 2 is formed shorter than on joining partner 3. In this case, the glass seal length 5 is the shorter length.

Claims

1. An electrical insulating member and a bonded connector including at least two mating partners, in particular a bonded connector for an airbag ignition device, wherein at least the at least two mating partners are electrically insulated from and held by each other by the electrical insulating member, the insulating member comprises glass, preferably glass containing up to 2 to 3% by volume of crystals and / or microcrystals, particularly preferably substantially microcrystal-free glass, or consists of them, and preferably the bonded connector is specified with respect to a glass sealing length which is preferably 3 mm or up to 3 mm but at least 0.5 mm and has a maximum glass pushing-out force of more than 3900 N, preferably at least 4000 N, preferably the glass pushing-out force is specified as an average value of the pushing-out forces for preferably 12 to 25 bonded connectors, preferably when the glass sealing length is at least 0.5 mm to 5 mm, and exceeds 1300 N per mm of the glass sealing length, in particular at least 1330 N per mm of the glass sealing length, and the glass preferably ・ at least one glass-forming metal oxide or metalloid oxide GB of the general formula RO 2 or R 2 O 3 and at least one metal oxide of the general formula MO, ・ at least one metal oxide of the general formula MO is included, and in particular with respect to the glass-forming metal oxide or metalloid oxide GB, SiO 2 、Al 2 O 3 、B 2 O 3 、ZrO 2 、La 2 O 3 、P 2 O 5 、Fe 2 O 3 and / or TiO 2 and / or mixtures thereof are understood, and in particular with respect to the metal oxide of the general formula MO, it is understood as an alkaline earth metal or ZnO, And the molar ratio of the total of the metal oxides MO contained in the glass to the total of the glass formers GB contained in the glass is at least 0.29 to at most 0.59, the said bonding connector.

2. The glass further contains at least one network modifier NW of the general formula R 2 O, and the network modifier of the general formula R 2 O is understood to be an alkali metal oxide in particular, the bonding connector according to claim 1.

3. - The total of all metal oxides or metalloid oxides GB of the general formula RO 2 or R 2 O 3 contained in the glass is at least 50 mol% to preferably at most 70 mol%, and / or - The total of all network modifiers NW of the general formula R 2 O contained in the glass is at least 9 mol% to at most 20 mol%, preferably at least 10 mol% to preferably at most 19 mol%, and / or - The total of all metal oxides of the general formula MO contained in the glass is more than 15 mol% to preferably at most 35 mol%, The bonding connector according to claim 2.

4. The SiO 2 content of the glass is at least 45 mol%, preferably at least 47 mol%, particularly preferably at least 49 mol%, and in particular at most 67 mol%, preferably at most 65 mol%, particularly preferably at most 63 mol%, and especially particularly preferably at most 61 mol%, the bonding connector according to claim 1.

5. The Na 2 O content of the glass is at least 2 mol%, preferably at least 4 mol%, and preferably at most 12 mol%, particularly preferably at most 11 mol%, and especially particularly preferably at most 10 mol%, the bonding connector according to claim 1.

6. - The K 2The O content is at least 2 mol%, preferably at least 3 mol%, and preferably at most 12 mol%, particularly preferably at most 11 mol%, and especially particularly preferably at most 10 mol%, and / or ・ The Al of the glass 2 O 3 content is less than 4.5 mol%, preferably less than 4 mol%, particularly preferably at most 3 mol%, and / or ・ The B of the glass 2 O 3 content is less than 8 mol%, preferably less than 6 mol%, particularly preferably less than 5 mol%, especially particularly preferably less than 4.5 mol%, and / or ・ The BaO content of the glass is at most 10 mol%, preferably 6 mol% or less, and / or ・ The MgO content of the glass is less than 12 mol%, particularly preferably at most 11 mol%, and / or ・ The SrO content of the glass is 12 mol% or less, preferably at most 9 mol% of SrO, and / or ・ The fluoride content of the glass is less than 6 mol%, preferably less than 5 mol%, and particularly preferably less than 3 mol%. The bonding connector according to claim 1.

7. The glass has the following components in mol% based on oxides: SiO 2 : 45 - 67, preferably 47 - 63 Al 2 O 3 : 0 - 4.5, preferably less than 4, particularly preferably 0 - 3 B 2 O 3 : 0 - less than 8, preferably less than 6, particularly preferably less than 5, especially particularly preferably less than 4.5 TiO 2 : 0 - 10, preferably less than 8, particularly preferably less than 7, particularly preferably less than 6 ZrO 2 : 0 - 5, preferably 0 - 3, particularly preferably 0 - 2.5 La 2 O 3 : 0 to 5, preferably 0 to 4, particularly preferably 0 to 3.5 Fe 2 O 3 : 0 to 2, preferably less than 1, advantageously at most 0.5 Li 2 O: 0 to 4, preferably 0 to 3 Na 2 O: 2 to 12, preferably 4 to 11 K 2 O: 2 to 12, preferably 3 to 11 ZnO: 0 to 30, preferably 0 to 25 MgO: 0 to less than 12, preferably 0 to 11 CaO: 0 to 22, preferably 0 to 17 SrO: 0 to 12, preferably 0 to 9 BaO: 0 to 10, preferably at most 6 Fluoride: 0 to less than 6, preferably less than 5, particularly preferably less than 3 The bonding connector according to claim 1, comprising

8. At least one of the following features: - The glass and / or the electrical insulating member has a linear thermal expansion coefficient α of more than 7.5×10 -6 / K, preferably more than 8×10 -6 / K, and advantageously at most 12×10 -6 / K, preferably at most 11×10 -6 / K in the range of 20°C to 300°C, 20-300 having - The electrical insulating member contains a filler, especially a crystalline inorganic filler, - The glass has a hydrolysis resistance HGB of class 3 or higher, advantageously class 2 or higher, particularly preferably class 1, specified in accordance with ISO 719 (1994-02), - The glass has an alkali resistance of 2 or higher, advantageously 1, in accordance with ISO 695 (1989-12), - The glass has an elastic modulus of at least 70 GPa, - The glass has an operating temperature Va of less than 1000 °C, - The glass has a softening temperature Ew of less than 800 °C, preferably less than 770 °C, The bonded connector according to claim 1, having

9. One mating part is formed as a socket including at least one through-opening, and the socket has a height of at most 10 mm and at least 0.5 mm, the bonded connector according to claim 1.

10. At least one mating part is metal, in particular steel, such as plain steel, special steel, stainless steel and high-temperature stable ferrite steel, also known under the trade name Thermax, such as Thermax 4016, Thermax 4742, or Thermax 4762, or Crofer 22 APU, or CroFer 22 H, or a material based on NiFe, such as NiFe 45, NiFe 47, or nickel-plated pins, or a material known under the trade name Inconel, such as Inconel 718 or X-750, or a steel known under the names CF25, Alloy 600, Alloy 625, Alloy 690, SUS310S, SUS430, SUH446 or SUS316, or an austenitic steel, such as a metal selected from the group of 1.4828 or 1.4841, or a high-temperature stable ceramic compound, such as a ceramic based on aluminum oxide or a ceramic based on zirconium oxide, such as a ceramic containing Y-stabilized zirconium oxide, the bonded connector according to claim 1.

11. Glass, in particular for manufacturing a bonded connector, in particular for manufacturing the bonded connector according to claim 1, wherein the glass - At least one glass-forming metal oxide or metalloid oxide GB of the general formula RO 2 or R 2 O 3 where preferably the general formula RO contained in the glass 2 or R 2 O 3The total of all metal oxides or metalloid oxides is at least 50 mol% - preferably at most 70 mol%, ・ At least one network modifier NW of the general formula R 2 O, where preferably the total of all network modifiers NW of the general formula R 2 O contained in the glass is at least 9 mol% - at most 20 mol%, preferably at least 10 mol% - at most 19 mol%. ・ At least one metal oxide of the general formula MO, where preferably the total of all metal oxides of the general formula MO contained in the glass exceeds 15 mol% and is up to 35 mol%. and contains, The glass-forming metal oxide or metalloid oxide GB is in particular SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , La 2 O 3 , P 2 O 5 , Fe 2 O 3 and / or TiO 2 and / or mixtures thereof, and is understood to be, The network modifier NW of the general formula R 2 O is in particular understood to be an alkali metal oxide, The metal oxide of the general formula MO is in particular understood to be an alkaline earth metal or ZnO, and The molar ratio of the total of MO contained in the glass to the total of GB contained in the glass is at least 0.29 - at most 0.

59. The glass.

12. At least one of the following features: ・ The SiO 2 content of the glass is at least 45 mol%, preferably at least 47 mol%, particularly preferably at least 49 mol%, and in particular at most 67 mol%, preferably at most 65 mol%, particularly preferably at most 63 mol%, and especially particularly preferably at most 61 mol%. - The Na content of the glass 2 is at least 2 mol%, preferably at least 4 mol%, and preferably at most 12 mol%, particularly preferably at most 11 mol%, and most particularly preferably at most 10 mol%. - The K content of the glass 2 is at least 2 mol%, preferably at least 3 mol%, and preferably at most 12 mol%, particularly preferably at most 11 mol%, and most particularly preferably at most 10 mol%. - The Al content of the glass 2 O 3 is less than 4.5 mol%, preferably less than 4 mol%, and particularly preferably at most 3 mol%. - The B content of the glass 2 O 3 is less than 8 mol%, preferably less than 6 mol%, particularly preferably less than 5 mol%, and most particularly preferably less than 4.5 mol%. - The BaO content of the glass is at most 10 mol%, preferably 6 mol% or less. - The MgO content of the glass is less than 12 mol%, particularly preferably at most 11 mol%. - The SrO content of the glass is 12 mol% or less, preferably at most 9 mol% SrO. - The fluoride content of the glass is less than 6 mol%, preferably less than 5 mol%, and particularly preferably less than 3 mol%. The glass according to claim 11, having the following:

13. The glass has the following components in mol% relative to oxides: SiO 2 : 45 - 67, preferably 47 - 63 Al 2 O 3 : 0 - 4.5, preferably less than 4, particularly preferably 0 - 3 B 2 O 3 : 0 - less than 8, preferably less than 6, particularly preferably less than 5, and most particularly preferably less than 4.5 TiO 2 : 0 to 10, preferably less than 8, particularly preferably less than 7, particularly preferably less than 6 ZrO 2 : 0 to 5, preferably 0 to 3, particularly preferably 0 to 2.5 La 2 O 3 : 0 to 5, preferably 0 to 4, particularly preferably 0 to 3.5 Fe 2 O 3 : 0 to 2, preferably less than 1, advantageously at most 0.5 Li 2 O: 0 to 4, preferably 0 to 3 Na 2 O: 2 to 12, preferably 4 to 11 K 2 O: 2 to 12, preferably 3 to 11 ZnO: 0 to 30, preferably 0 to 25 MgO: 0 to less than 12, preferably 0 to 11 CaO: 0 to 22, preferably 0 to 17 SrO: 0 to 12, preferably 0 to 9 BaO: 0 to 10, preferably at most 6 Fluoride: 0 to less than 6, preferably less than 5, particularly preferably less than 3 The glass according to claim 11, comprising

14. At least one of the following features: - The glass is free of components that are toxicologically a concern, in particular PbO, As 2 O 3 , CdO, SeO 2 and is free of these components, where being free of these components is understood to mean that the glass contains these components only in the form of impurities, each at a content of at most 500 ppm, in particular at most 100 ppm, respectively, based on the mass, - The glass contains fining agents, in particular Sb 2 O 3 , sulfates and / or chlorides only in the form of impurities, each at a content of at most 500 ppm based on the mass, ・ The glass contains coloring additives, in particular compounds of Co, Ni, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, V, W and / or rare earths, such as compounds of Ce, Nd, Eu, in the form of impurities only, each at a content of up to 500 ppm by mass. ・ The glass is free of Bi 2 O 3 , TeO 2 , GeO 2 , Ta 2 O 5 , Nb 2 O 5 , Ga 2 O 3 , Y 2 O 3 , InO 2 and is free of these components, where being free of these components is understood to mean that the glass contains these components in the form of impurities only, each at a content of up to 500 ppm by mass. The glass according to claim 11, having

15. A method for manufacturing a joining connector, in particular a high-strength joining connector, in particular the joining connector according to claim 1, comprising the following steps: ・ Melting the glass ・ Manufacturing a ribbon and / or frit made of or containing the glass, wherein the ribbon and / or frit is pulverized into powder and processed into pressable granules, or hot-formed to obtain a tube made of or containing the glass as a preform. ・ Optionally pressing the granules to obtain a preform. ・ Assembling the preform with at least one joining partner. ・ Placing the preform and at least one joining partner in a furnace and performing a heat treatment, where the glass melts and a connection is formed between the glass and at least one joining partner. The method as described above, including

16. A bonded connection body that is produced or producible in the method according to claim 15 and / or contains the glass according to claim 11.

17. A feedthrough comprising the bonded connection body according to claim 1.

18. Use of a bonded connection body according to claim 1 and / or produced or producible in the method according to claim 15, or use of a feedthrough according to claim 17, in an airbag ignition device or in a sensor, such as an exhaust gas sensor, a pressure sensor, a particle sensor, such as a soot particle sensor and / or a temperature sensor, and / or in a NO x Sensor, and / or in an oxygen sensor, and / or in a feedthrough for a compressor and / or an electric compressor, and / or in an exhaust gas element, as an electrical bushing, and / or in a fuel cell, and / or in a feedthrough for a chemical reactor, said use.

19. An airbag ignition device comprising a feedthrough, in particular a feedthrough according to claim 17, and / or a bonded connection body, in particular a bonded connection body according to claim 1, containing glass, in particular the glass according to claim 11, wherein the bonded connection body is specified for a glass seal length that is preferably 3 mm or up to 3 mm but at least 0.5 mm and has a maximum glass push-out force of more than 3900 N, preferably at least 4000 N, Advantageously, the glass push-out force is specified as an average value of the push-out forces for preferably 12 to 25 bonded connection bodies, advantageously when the glass seal length is at least 0.5 mm to 5 mm, and exceeds 1300 N per mm of glass seal length, in particular at least 1330 N per mm of glass seal length. The airbag ignition device.

Images