Wood-concrete composite slab with flat wood elements, its manufacturing method and structure with such a wood-concrete composite slab

Abstract

The present invention relates to a wood-concrete composite slab with flat wood elements, the span of which can be achieved with little dependence on the relative specific weight of the slab. The slab layer structure includes a wood layer, an insulating layer, and a concrete layer (4). In one embodiment, the layer structure is interrupted by at least one support means (8), which crosses at least the concrete layer (4) and the insulating layer and extends down to at least the wood layer. This internal support means (8) can also be formed in a variant protruding from the composite layer. In a different embodiment, for a high level of sound insulation, the slab includes two insulating materials of different densities in its insulating layer, the high-density insulating material being placed directly on the wood layer, which is intended to act as a vibration damping means. In a further embodiment, the wood panels of the wood-concrete composite slab, which form the flat wood elements, are tensioned relative to each other in order to transmit tension forces through them. According to the present invention, the efficiency during the manufacture of wood-concrete composite slabs with large span dimensions can be significantly increased.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a wood-concrete composite slab with flat timber elements. Compared to pure concrete slabs, this slab is characterized by a significantly lighter weight. Compared to conventional wood-concrete composite slabs, the slab according to the invention offers a lighter and more slender design. In this regard, the span can be achieved with this slab system (i.e., calculated by the slab area) with little dependence on the relative specific weight of the slab. The invention further relates to a method for producing such a slab, its use, and a building with one or more such wood-concrete composite slabs.

[0002] Slabs with large spans are highly desirable. Particularly in multi-story and multi-storey buildings, such as high-rise buildings, they offer improved space utilization and versatility in floor slab planning and design. Furthermore, large slab span dimensions also create flexibility in subsequent modifications, as fewer load-bearing walls and columns must be installed within a floor. Again, achieving large slab spans using wood-concrete composite slabs is highly desirable in all cases.

[0003] However, large span dimensions pose the same challenges for any slab design: the slab needs to have sufficient static height to provide the required bending stiffness and load-bearing capacity. This is also reflected in the specific weight of a wood-concrete composite slab. In conventional concrete-on-wood constructions, the specific weight of the slab increases proportionally with height. This places corresponding requirements on the building's vertical support structure and foundations to support the load. This is particularly challenging for high-rise buildings with many floors. Furthermore, large slab thicknesses can lead to fewer slabs for a given building height, which is detrimental to utilization. Therefore, it would be desirable to be able to achieve larger spans without the aforementioned drawbacks thanks to special wood-concrete composite slabs.

[0004] While wood-concrete composite slabs with timber beams, i.e., linear timber components, are already found in office and residential buildings, and sometimes even in high-rise buildings, wood-concrete composite slab construction has yet to solve all of the problems that could be fully established. Because the aforementioned slabs are used, i.e., interspersed timber beams, they are only sufficient to a limited extent from an architectural standpoint. The relatively modest use of wood simply as an axial lattice through the slab also fails to fully realize the ecological potential of wood as a building material. Quite apart from its properties as a CO2 storage medium, wood has relatively low pollutant emissions during processing, as well as low energy consumption for installation. As a result, increasing the dimensions of the timber components in a wood-concrete composite slab only has a positive effect on the building's climatic performance, which is highly desirable in any case. However, two problems are encountered here.

[0005] On the other hand, the use of more wood in composite slabs also requires restrictive fire safety measures for planning. It is true that in the embodiment of a wood-concrete composite slab with flat wood elements, such a slab can provide an aesthetically appealing soffit finished as the bottom composite layer, so static and architectural requirements can be met simultaneously. However, in this case, the supports are in the way, so the combustible flat wood elements cannot be easily exposed to the inside, especially in spaces with large span dimensions. Fire safety requirements tend to be more restrictive the more slabs a building has or the longer the escape routes, and of course, the use and the number of occupants in the building also play a role.

[0006] On the other hand, the large proportion of wood in a wood-concrete composite slab means that it also offers poor sound insulation. As a composite component that is substantially lighter than concrete, wood can excite vibrations much more easily. Therefore, structure-borne sound can propagate relatively easily within a wood-concrete composite slab with flat wood elements and be perceived by building occupants. This hinders the use of such slabs, particularly in apartment buildings, office buildings, educational facilities such as schools, universities, and libraries, and in general, places with high requirements for sound insulation. In particular, this means that in buildings with separate occupancy units that must be acoustically isolated from the different parties using the building (e.g., apartment and office units, room units in educational facilities, etc.), the slab must be interrupted at the transition points between the individual units. This has a detrimental effect on both the statics of the slab and the efficiency of the slab assembly.

[0007] Due to the problems described, conventional wood-concrete composite slabs with flat wood elements having large spans cannot be used, firstly due to the proportional increase in specific weight, secondly due to fire protection requirements, and thirdly due to sound propagation. Since such slabs cannot ultimately adequately span the utility or apartment units of a building, slab elements with relatively small spans are still used, which also impairs the efficiency of construction and assembly.

[0008] Numerous structures comprising wood and concrete components have become known in the prior art over the past few decades. Some such design proposals are listed below.

[0009] U.S. Patent No. 2,268,311(A), published in 1941, discloses a slab structure with a concrete support structure. The concrete upper slab, with downward-projecting V-shaped ribs, is completely enclosed on its underside. A lower horizontal layer made of a plaster coating can be suspended during the finishing stage as follows. According to the embodiment shown in Figure 2, wooden slats (wooden furring strips) are suspended over the ribs via the slats, which form side wings at the bottom as hangers in the longitudinal direction of the ribs. In this case, the tips of the individual wooden slats barely touch each other below the flanges. In another variant shown in Figure 7, the slats are pressed along precisely fitting recesses in the longitudinal direction of the ribs via cambered U-shaped brackets fixed to the ribs, and the bracket ends are then bent laterally. Plaster base panels can be applied to the slats thus secured. The connection between the concrete support structure and the plaster base slats is realized only at the longitudinal support elements on which the slats are suspended.

[0010] Swiss Patent No. 223 498, published in 1942, presents a composite wood-concrete structure in which supporting timber elements are designed in the form of timber beams. These timber beams have recesses on their upper sides into which concrete can penetrate and fill them. Shear-resistant surface adhesion is achieved by the interlocking of the wood and concrete. Fillers—so-called Hourdi blocks—are placed between the timber beams, each supported laterally on the timber beams. Here, too, shear connections are only achieved at the longitudinal support elements.

[0011] Another proposal for a timber-concrete structure can be found in European Patent Application No. 0 280 228 (A1), published in 1988. The supporting timber components of the slab structure presented there are designed in the form of beams that run parallel to each other and are spaced apart from each other. These form the lower slab closure, on which the concrete upper slab rests. For thermal and / or acoustic insulationThe layers are held together by formwork, which is connected to the timber beams via steel pipes. For thermal and / or acoustic insulation Both layers have recesses through which the connecting pipes extend downward into the timber beams. Their upper ends are cast into the concrete of the upper slab. Thus, shear connections are only realized at the locations of the longitudinal support elements.

[0012] German Patent No. 10 37 687(B), published in 1958, discloses a reinforced concrete rib or reinforced concrete beam slab. The cast-in-place concrete ribs formed at the base are laterally framed by support rails made of wood, metal, or plastic. These support rails function as supports for the prefabricated concrete slab. On the other hand, they interact with a plaster base, i.e., a tubular mesh mat, plate, or lightweight plate, placed underneath them as a permanent formwork for the cast-in-place concrete ribs. The support rails are supported on the supporting wall on one hand and on a timber yoke consisting of a column and a cross beam on the other. This document does not disclose shear connectors that engage the concrete and the support rails or timber yokes.

[0013] French Patent No. 2 143 603 (A1), published in 1973, discloses a slab structure comprising steel beams with cambered T-sections. Hourdi blocks, which constitute the permanent formwork, are placed on the shoulders of the cambered T-beams. The relatively thick middle layer of the Hourdi blocks is made of a lightweight foamed material (polyurethane foam, Styropor, or a material known under the trade name Kegecell), while the denser upper layer For thermal and / or acoustic insulation The upper Hourdi layer is covered with a layer (for example, consisting of asbestos cement panels, gypsum board panels, etc.). Below the lightweight foam material, a layer of chipboard panels, etc. follows. Thermal and / or acoustic insulationThe material has a much higher density than the thick, intermediate Hourdi layer of lightweight foam material that is laid on top of the chipboard layer. An additional layer of the same lightweight foam material, a thick, intermediate Hourdi layer, is suspended from these Hourdi blocks or nailed to the chipboard panel from below. This also includes a plasterboard layer at the bottom as a visual finish. Again, no shear connections are disclosed, with shear connectors protruding into the concrete and wood.

[0014] US Patent Application Publication No. 2018 / 0328019(A1) shows a slab ceiling panel made of a slab panel and a ceiling panel spaced apart from the slab panel, with longitudinal support elements in the form of steel profiles with a C-shaped cross section installed between the slab panel and the ceiling panel. The connection between the slab and the ceiling panel is formed solely by these metal longitudinal support elements made of aluminum or steel, which are screwed at the top into a metal partition wall layer and at the bottom into a slab layer made of an advantageously non-combustible material. In the cavity formed between the slab and the ceiling panel, which also extends through the metal longitudinal support elements, a thermal or sound insulation material is used. Block The material is positioned away from the lower ceiling layer.

[0015] Finally, a board stack system is presented in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006 / 179741(A1), published in 2006. Individual board stack elements are stacked on top of one another and connected with hardwood dowels. For this purpose, holes are drilled into the board stack elements, through which the dowels are inserted. Since the moisture content of the dowels during installation is lower than that of the softwood board stack elements, moisture equilibrium is established over time. The hardwood dowels then expand or swell. Isotropic pressure is generated, which is directed radially toward the inner walls of the boreholes in the board stack elements. This is the only way the board stack elements are bonded together. Each hardwood dowel preferably penetrates the entire board stack. However, a single hardwood dowel could alternatively be designed to be shorter. However, the board stack elements are not pulled toward each other due to the resulting contact pressure of the dowels. However, the board stack elements can be tensioned along their length and for this purpose are provided with recesses at their bottom which form channels for inserting cables etc. when the board stack elements are laid together. Such board stack timber building systems are also suitable for wood-concrete composite slabs, as will be described below.

[0016] Canadian Patent No. 2 176 450 (A1), published in 1997, presents a timber beam consisting of a number of individual timber components stacked together transversely to the beam. A cable stretched on both sides of the timber beam runs through these timber components. For this purpose, a fixture plate or hollow box is applied to the outermost timber component of the beam, and the cable is finally tensioned thereon by a hydraulic press. This type of tensioning is suitable when there is space on both sides of the timber beam, for example, in the case of a boom that is mounted at a distance from its concrete base.

[0017] With the exception of the last two documents, all of the solutions discussed above disclose longitudinal support elements (wood, concrete, metal longitudinal support elements) or protrusions of the concrete upper slab formed downward from the concrete. It is clear that the connection between the concrete and the wood penetrates the longitudinal support elements or the concrete protrusions (regardless of whether the corresponding structural wood components perform a supporting function). This results in a substantial weight concentration of the slab at precisely these locations of the concrete-wood connection. Therefore, such wood-concrete connections correlate with the total weight of the slab. Generally, as initially discussed with regard to the problem of large slab weight loads, the construction of wood-concrete composite slabs extending over large spans, which have a significant wood content and therefore require strong connections to the concrete upper slab, proves to be very difficult when wood-concrete connections, such as shear connectors, are placed in one or more longitudinal support elements and / or in the channels or concrete protrusions of the concrete-filled wood components.

[0018] Against this background, the object of the present invention is to further exploit the energy-efficient construction potential of wood in wood-concrete composite slabs for buildings as mentioned at the outset. In particular, the slab should allow for large spans with little weight increase. In this way, it should also be possible to use such units to comprehensively cover spans in terms of spaces and in buildings with separate residential, office or utility units. Due to the nature of the slab, it should also be possible to close the inner space with a layer made of wood, and therefore of a material that is in principle combustible, lightweight and a good conductor of sound, while meeting fire and / or sound insulation requirements. Therefore, as the slab bottom, the wood layer is made characteristically in terms of the internal structure. Furthermore, the object of the present invention is to provide such wood-concrete composite slabs and a method for their efficient industrial production, as well as Thermal and / or acoustic insulationIt is an object of the present invention to identify soundproofing designs for wood-concrete composite slabs using materials. It is also an object of the present invention to identify buildings having one or more such wood-concrete composite slabs.

[0019] This purpose is described in Section

[0020] This is achieved by the combination of features according to the invention, as specifically defined below in accordance with paragraphs

[0120] and with reference to the claims in section

[0121] . Backward references with section numbering should be understood as supplementary. Important points for defining the invention are the following: For devices (wood-concrete composite slabs, buildings) defined with a minimum number of features, any combination with some or all of the other device features is also disclosed as an advantageous embodiment of the device. Similarly, for methods defined with a minimum number of features, any combination with some or all of the additional method features is disclosed as an advantageous embodiment of the method. Similarly, all methods can be used to create or manufacture devices (wood-concrete composite slabs, buildings) with their various possible device features, and in each case are disclosed as advantageous embodiments of the method. Furthermore, use in devices (wood-concrete composite slabs, buildings) with various possible device features can be realized and are therefore disclosed as advantageous embodiments of the use. Summary of the Invention

[0020] The present invention relates to a wood-concrete composite slab, the support structure of which comprises a concrete component and a wood component connected thereto in a shear-resistant manner, the slab being constructed from bottom to top, firstly, by a planar wood component, i.e., a wood layer, which can bear tensile loads in the composite of the slab, followed by a wood layer. For thermal and / or acoustic insulation and finally a concrete layer, wherein shear connectors are installed in the composite slab, and at least one shear connector simultaneously projects into the wood layer and the concrete layer, thereby For thermal and / or acoustic insulationThe layer structure of the slab is interrupted by at least one longitudinal support element which extends down to at least the wood layer, thereby providing support to at least the concrete layer and For thermal and / or acoustic insulation Cross-layered, relating to slabs.

[0021] According to one advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the invention comprises a combination of features according to section

[0020] , wherein at least one longitudinal support element protrudes from the composite slab partially or completely over its length by protruding downwards and / or upwards from the composite slab.

[0022] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the invention comprises a combination of features according to one of sections

[0020] or

[0021] , wherein the protrusion of the longitudinal support element, partially shaped downwards over its length, is designed as a capital for the column adjacent to the longitudinal support element.

[0023] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the invention comprises any combination of features according to one or more of sections

[0020] to

[0022] , wherein at least one longitudinal support element comprises reinforcing steel and / or a steel profile with at least one lower flange as reinforcement.

[0024] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the invention comprises any combination of features according to one or more of sections

[0020] to

[0023] , wherein the one or more longitudinal support elements are dimensioned in terms of their number so that their weight is at most 10% of the total weight of the slab.

[0025] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the invention comprises any combination of features according to one or more of sections

[0020] to

[0024] , and for an expansion of the composite slab's span of up to 50%, and for a total length of the expanded span of up to 9 m, the span-dependent weight increase of the slab does not exceed 10% of the slab weight, and the slab thickness varies by 5 to 10 cm to ensure greater flexibility in slab planning design.

[0026] The present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a wood-concrete composite slab having at least two slab modules and having any combination of the features according to one or more of sections

[0020] to

[0025] , a. The slab modules are each formed in a layer structure, so that, from bottom to top, first a wood layer is produced in which shear connectors are fixed at their lower ends, and then For thermal and / or acoustic insulation A layer is formed, and finally, a concrete layer is applied with its reinforcement so that the upper end of the shear connector is fixed to the concrete layer; b. the slab modules are placed in their predetermined positions on one or more supports; i. two slab modules abutting, whereby a contact surface on at least one wood layer of the slab modules is defined below by a contact surface temporarily excluded from material application, For thermal and / or acoustic insulation forming an intermediate space laterally defined by the layer and the concrete layer; or ii. at least one of the supports is a prefabricated support member forming a lower protrusion on each side forming a step, in each case on the step the slab modules are supported on the support member, leaving an intermediate space above the support member between the concrete layers of the slab modules thus supported; c. The reinforcement of the longitudinal support element is inserted into the intermediate space and connected to the adjacent concrete reinforcement; d. The intermediate space is filled with concrete, which, upon hardening, completely forms the longitudinal support element.

[0027] According to an advantageous embodiment, the method comprises a combination of the features according to section

[0026] , and for each slab module a0. First, the wood layer is processed by introducing shear connectors into the wood layer and fixing them therein, and a formwork surrounds the wood layer for the construction of further layers, and the formwork defines any contact surface on the wood layer; a1. For thermal and / or acoustic insulation The layer is formed on the wood layer in the formwork, a2.Next, For thermal and / or acoustic insulation Above the layer, reinforcement for the concrete layer is inserted into the formwork, a3. A layer of concrete is poured into the formwork, and after the layer has hardened, the formwork is removed, thereby forming the slab module.

[0028] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the method comprises a combination of features according to one of sections

[0026] or

[0027] , and for the upper-projecting elongate support elements: d0. A concrete formwork connecting at the top and extending at the top is applied to the intermediate space; d1. The corresponding defined space is filled with concrete; d2. The concrete formwork is removed again after the concrete has hardened, thereby completely forming the upper longitudinal support element.

[0029] The present invention further provides a wood-concrete composite slab, the support structure of which comprises a concrete component and a wood component connected thereto in a shear-resistant manner, the slab being constructed from bottom to top, firstly with a flat wood component, i.e., a wood layer, which can bear tension loads in the composite of the slab, followed by a concrete layer. For thermal and / or acoustic insulation and finally a concrete layer, wherein shear connectors are installed in the composite slab, at least one of the shear connectors extending simultaneously through the wood layer and the concrete layer, thereby For thermal and / or acoustic insulation penetrates the layers, For thermal and / or acoustic insulation The layers are made of at least two layers of different density or specific gravity. Thermal and / or acoustic insulation Material containing, high density insulation for thermal and / or acoustic insulation ofIt relates to slabs in which a material is placed directly on this wood layer in a slab composite and can be subjected to tensile loads or rests directly on it, thereby increasing the inertia of the wood layer and intended to act as a vibration damping means.

[0030] According to an advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the invention comprises a combination of the features according to section

[0029] , and the layer structure of the slab extends on the slab without longitudinal support elements or at least one longitudinal support element is provided between at least the concrete layer and For thermal and / or acoustic insulation It crosses the layers and therefore extends down to at least the wood layer.

[0031] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the invention comprises a combination of features according to one of sections

[0029] or

[0030] , and has a low density insulation for thermal and / or acoustic insulation of The top layer of material is high density insulation for thermal and / or acoustic insulation of It is placed on top of a lower layer of material.

[0032] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the invention comprises any combination of the features according to one or more of sections

[0029] to

[0031] , and has a low density insulation for thermal and / or acoustic insulation of A cavity is formed in the slab so that the material consists of air, and the concrete layer is placed on a permanent concrete form above the cavity.

[0033] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the invention comprises any combination of the features according to one or more of sections

[0029] to

[0032] , and has a low density insulation for thermal and / or acoustic insulation of The material is free of air or the slab does not contain cavities made up of air.

[0034] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the invention comprises any combination of the features according to one or more of sections

[0029] to

[0033] , Thermal and / or acoustic insulation The difference in density or specific gravity of the material is 0.5 to 2 t / m3 is.

[0035] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the invention comprises any combination of the features according to one or more of sections

[0029] to

[0034] , and has a high density. insulation for thermal and / or acoustic insulation of The contact pressure of the material is 1m 2 0.7~1.4kN per unit, low density insulation for thermal and / or acoustic insulation of The contact pressure of the material is 1m 2 The force is 0.1 to 0.4 kN per

[0036] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the invention comprises any combination of the features according to one or more of sections

[0029] to

[0035] , and has a high density. insulation for thermal and / or acoustic insulation of The material is made of concrete granules made from crushed concrete or a mixture of crushed concrete and masonry granules, and has a low density. insulation for thermal and / or acoustic insulation of The material consists of lightweight building materials.

[0037] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for sound insulation by vibration damping of a wood layer in a wood-concrete composite slab, comprising the steps of: (a) providing a slab of at least two wood-concrete composite slabs with different densities or specific gravities, the slabs being made ... Thermal and / or acoustic insulation Use of a material or any combination of the features described in one or more of sections

[0020] to

[0036] , in a wood-concrete composite slab, as sound insulation by vibration damping of the wood layer, at least two layers of different density or specific gravity in a direction-dependent arrangement or a direction-dependent sequence. Thermal and / or acoustic insulation Regarding the use of materials.

[0038] In addition, the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a wood-concrete composite slab having at least two slab modules and any combination of the features according to one or more of sections

[0029] to

[0036] , a. Slab modules are each formed in their layer structure, whereby, from bottom to top, wood layers are produced with shear connectors fixed thereto at their lower ends; b. Then, at least two Thermal and / or acoustic insulation Using materials For thermal and / or acoustic insulation The layers are formed, firstly with high density wood which is intended to increase the inertia of the wood layer and act as a vibration damping means. insulation for thermal and / or acoustic insulation of The material is then introduced and, for this purpose, Thermal and / or acoustic insulation Place material or leave cavity open, c. Finally, the concrete layer is created with its reinforcement so that the upper end of the shear connector is fixed to the concrete layer, and the reinforcement protrudes from the concrete layer at its recess for connection to at least a second slab module; d. The fully fabricated slab module is placed in a position predetermined for it on one or more supports, the reinforcement of the adjacent concrete layer is frictionally connected to at least a second slab module, and then the recess is concreted.

[0039] According to an advantageous embodiment, the method comprises a combination of the features according to section

[0038] , and for each slab module: a0. First, the wood layer is processed by introducing shear connectors into the wood layer and fixing them there, and a formwork surrounds the wood layer for the construction of further layers; c0. For thermal and / or acoustic insulation After forming the layer, reinforcement for the concrete layer is For thermal and / or acoustic insulation inserted into the formwork on top of the layer, c1. A layer of concrete is poured into the formwork, which hardens and then the formwork is removed, thereby forming the slab module.

[0040] The present invention further provides a wood-concrete composite slab, the support structure of which comprises a concrete component and a wood component connected thereto in a shear-resistant manner, the slab comprising, from bottom to top, first a flat wood component, i.e. a wood layer capable of bearing tensile loads in the composite of the slab, then: For thermal and / or acoustic insulation layer and finally a concrete layer, or For thermal and / or acoustic insulation The slab comprises a layer structure in which, if there is no layer, a concrete layer follows or immediately follows, and the wooden layer comprises at least two abutting wooden panels which are reciprocally tensioned against each other, one wooden panel pressing vertically against the other wooden panel at the dividing plane formed when they abut, and in each wooden panel thus tensioned against each other, the lower surface is left intact and at least one box-shaped space is formed in the wooden panel, and at least one recess is formed by material removal so that the recess in the wooden panel located on the far side of the dividing plane forms a recess passage spanning the two wooden panels, and as seen from the dividing plane, the wooden panels are left intact in a space extending rearward of one of them or the rear box-shaped space in a direction perpendicular to the dividing plane and away from the dividing plane, thereby forming rear, intact material therein for other uses, and tensioning means are introduced into the passage and fixed to each end of the at least one box-shaped space, whereby the wooden panels are tensioned against each other as a result of the tightening of the tensioning means.

[0041] According to an advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the invention comprises a combination of the features according to section

[0040] , wherein the layer structure of the slab extends on the slab without longitudinal support elements or at least one longitudinal support element: For thermal and / or acoustic insulation If layers exist, at least the concrete layer and For thermal and / or acoustic insulation It crosses the layers so that it extends down to at least the wood layer.

[0042] According to an advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the invention comprises a combination of features according to sections

[0040] or

[0041] , wherein the area left untouched is adjacent to and immediately behind one or the rear box-shaped spaces and extends perpendicularly away from the dividing plane.

[0043] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the invention comprises any combination of features according to one or more of sections

[0040] to

[0042] , wherein the area left intact extends to one end of the wood panel opposite the end of the wood panel located at the dividing plane, or the area extends to a box-shaped space of the same wood panel arranged in tension with a further wood panel.

[0044] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the invention comprises any combination of features according to one or more of sections

[0040] to

[0043] , wherein the tensioning means abuts at a position upstream of the dividing plane in the wood panel.

[0045] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the invention comprises any combination of features according to one or more of sections

[0040] to

[0044] , wherein the tensioning means do not directly abut the dividing faces or end faces of the wood panels.

[0046] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the invention comprises any combination of features according to one or more of sections

[0040] to

[0045] , wherein at least one box-shaped space is designed to be open towards the top or to be open towards the top and the ends.

[0047] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the invention comprises any combination of features according to one or more of sections

[0040] to

[0046] , wherein at least one box-shaped space for accommodating the fixing part of the tensioning means is rectangular.

[0048] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the invention comprises any combination of the features according to one or more of sections

[0040] to

[0047] , i. the tensioning means is loosely inserted into the passage and tensions the intact material of the wooden panels, as seen from the dividing plane, by abutting them with pressure against the spare / remaining / non-contacting front face, which in the case of a hollow channel passing therethrough is not intact for this reason alone, or in the case of a hollow channel passing through the wooden panels, which is not intact for this reason alone due to the tensioning means acting at right angles to the dividing plane, so that the abutting wooden panels are tensioned back and forth against each other perpendicular to the dividing plane, and / or ii. The tensioning means is either fixed to at least one or to the rear box-shaped space as viewed from the dividing plane so that at least one end face of the rear intact material remains free from the fixing means.

[0049] According to further advantageous embodiments, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the invention comprises any combination of features according to one or more of sections

[0040] to

[0048] , wherein the passages spanning the two wood panels are removed symmetrically with respect to the dividing plane, so that the recesses in the wood panels can be made identical and / or the tensioning means can be used independently from the sides and / or the tensioning means can be used independently from the sides, acting perpendicular to the dividing plane.

[0050] According to further advantageous embodiments, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the invention comprises any combination of features according to one or more of sections

[0040] to

[0049] , wherein the tensioning means components form a symmetrical arrangement relative to the parting plane and / or the tensioning means components are arranged to act perpendicularly to the parting plane.

[0051] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the invention comprises any combination of the features according to one or more of sections

[0040] to

[0050] , wherein the tensioning means are: i. As a threaded connection with a fixed screw head at the end, or ii. As a lever-actuated tensioning lock having a tensioning block fixed to the end and grasped by a tensioning arm; or iii. Wedge connections, realised as wedge connections, for which the front intact material (which is not intact for this reason alone if it has a hollow channel passing through it, or is not intact for this reason alone if it has a hollow channel passing through it for a tensioning means acting perpendicular to the dividing plane) extends up to the dividing plane on each of the two wooden panels, and a tensioning wedge and a counter wedge in the box-shaped space of the wooden panel nearer to the dividing plane are arranged behind the front intact material, and a threaded rod with a counter wedge and a tensioning block is fixed in the opposing box-shaped space of the wooden panel farther from the dividing plane, so that when the tensioning wedge is knocked down, hammered in or tightened, the front intact material located between the tensioned wedge acting as a tensioning block is subjected to pressure.

[0052] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the invention comprises any combination of the features according to one or more of sections

[0040] to

[0051] , wherein the recesses each form, as viewed from the parting plane, a rear chamber and a front chamber connected via a hollow channel in the front intact material, so that the front intact material is not only intact by the hollow channel, or so that the front intact material is not only intact by the hollow channel but also by a hollow channel for a tensioning means acting perpendicular to the parting plane, the tensioning means being fixed at each end in the rear chamber by a screw head or tensioning block, and in either case the front chamber of the nearer wood panel forms an open-topped common chamber with the front chamber of the wood panel located on the farther side of the abutment axis, and a continuous threaded connection is realized via the hollow channel and the common chamber, which threaded connection can be tensioned in the common chamber either by a fixed-position rotation of a sleeve, by a fitting comprising a central nut and two threaded pipe sections that can be pulled together by the nut, or by a nipple.

[0053] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a wood-concrete composite slab according to any combination of the features according to one or more of sections

[0040] to

[0052] , wherein the method comprises: a. in the wood panel to be tensioned, at least one recess is formed by material removal to form at least one box-shaped space each; b. The wood panels are then placed in abutment, with the recesses forming a recess passageway extending across the two wood panels; c. tensioning means are introduced into the passage and fixed at the ends, in each case to at least one or the rear box-shaped space; d. The tensioning means applies tension from above.

[0054] According to an advantageous embodiment, the method comprises a combination of features according to section

[0053] , wherein the method comprises: i. the tensioning means is loosely inserted into the passage and when subjected to tensile stress on the spare / remaining / pristine forward pristine material, which in the case of a hollow channel passing therethrough is not pristine for this reason alone, or in the case of a hollow channel passing therethrough is not pristine for this reason alone due to the tensioning means acting perpendicular to the dividing plane, is subjected to pressure against said tensioning means, so that the abutting wood panels are reciprocally tensioned against each other perpendicular to the dividing plane; and / or ii. The tensioning means is fixed within the at least one or rear box-shaped spaces such that at least one end face of the rear untouched material remains free from the fixing means.

[0055] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the method comprises the features according to one of sections

[0053] or

[0054] , a. the recesses each form a rear chamber and a front chamber, which are connected via hollow channels in the front intact material, the material not being intact only by hollow channels, or the material not being intact only by hollow channels for tensioning means acting at right angles to the parting plane; b. In each case, the front chamber of the nearer wood panel forms a common open-topped chamber with the front chamber of the wood panel located on the farther side of the abutment axis; c. the tensioning means is secured within the rear chamber at each end by a screw head or tensioning block; d. A continuous threaded connection is realized through a hollow channel and a common chamber, which is tensioned in the common chamber by a fitting comprising a central nut and two threaded pipe sections which can be pulled together by said nut, by a fixed position rotation of a sleeve, or by a nipple.

[0056] According to an advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the invention has the characteristics according to one or more of sections

[0020] to

[0025] ,

[0029] to

[0036] ,

[0040] to

[0052] , and the characteristics according to the following sections:

[0057] ~

[0111] including any combination with one or more of the features presented in

[0057] The wood layer has not been subjected to a material removal machining process in the wood and is therefore untouched at its lowest part, or the wood layer has not been subjected to a material removal machining process in the part of the layer that is the lowest in the thickness of the layer and is therefore untouched, or the wood layer has not been subjected to a material removal machining process in the wood and is therefore left untouched at the bottom of its thickness,

[0058] At least one longitudinal support element is reinforced;

[0059] At least one longitudinal support element is made of reinforced concrete;

[0060] For thermal and / or acoustic insulation at least one shear connector or each shear connector across the layers, or each shear connector of the composite slab, connects the bottom supporting layer of the composite to the top supporting layer;

[0061] The wood layer is designed as the bottom supporting layer capable of bearing tensile loads in the composite slab, and / or the concrete layer is designed as the top supporting layer;

[0062] the shear force occurring between the wood layer and the concrete layer can be absorbed by the shear connector in at least two different directions, or can be absorbed by the shear connector in an increasing manner in at least two different directions, or can be absorbed by the shear connector in an increasing manner in at least two different, mutually perpendicular directions, or the shear force occurring between the wood layer and the concrete layer can be absorbed by the shear connector in at least 22 different directions, i.e., in two mutually perpendicular directions in which the shear connectors form a row, or the shear force occurring between the wood layer and the concrete layer can be absorbed by the shear connector in two different directions, i.e., in two mutually perpendicular directions in which the shear connectors form a row, or the shear force occurring between the wood layer and the concrete layer can be absorbed in an increasing manner by the shear connector, i.e., in two mutually perpendicular directions in which the shear connectors form a row,

[0063] The shear force occurring between the wood layer and the concrete layer can be absorbed in any direction, or the shear force occurring between the wood layer and the concrete layer can be absorbed in any direction by the shear connector;

[0064] For thermal and / or acoustic insulation at least one shear connector or each shear connector across a layer, or each shear connector of a composite slab, simultaneously projects into the wood layer and the concrete layer and is thereby retained in the wood of the wood layer and in the concrete of the concrete layer;

[0065] For thermal and / or acoustic insulation At least one or each shear connector across a layer, or each shear connector in a composite slab, extends beyond an integral portion of the wood layer to the concrete layer;

[0066] For thermal and / or acoustic insulation at least one shear connector or each of the shear connectors across the layers, or each shear connector of the composite slab, is installed in the wood layer and the concrete layer in a positive locking manner and thus without play, so that the shear connector is permanently and non-deformably embedded;

[0067] For thermal and / or acoustic insulation at least one shear connector or each shear connector across a layer, or each shear connector of a composite slab, has a shape such that the shear connector can be installed without alteration or without altering its shape to form a shear-resistant connection between the wood layer and the concrete layer;

[0068] For thermal and / or acoustic insulation At least one shear connector or each shear connector across a story, or each shear connector in a composite slab, is not designed as a stirrup;

[0069] For thermal and / or acoustic insulation At least one shear connector or each shear connector across a layer, or each shear connector in a composite slab, is made of a material other than a perforated sheet;

[0070] For thermal and / or acoustic insulation At least one or each shear connector across a layer or each shear connector of the composite slab is designed as a tube, as a profile or as an extruded profile, i.e. as a profile from an extrusion process;

[0071] For thermal and / or acoustic insulation At least one or each shear connector crossing a layer or each shear connector of a composite slab is designed as a pipe with or without flanges, the pipe having or forming a pipe section with a circular or elliptical cross section or a pipe section in the form of a polygonal pipe,

[0072] For thermal and / or acoustic insulation At least one shear connector or each shear connector across a story, or each shear connector of a composite slab, is designed integrally;

[0073] For thermal and / or acoustic insulationat least one or each shear connector across a layer, or each shear connector in a composite slab, has one end protruding into the wood layer and the other end protruding into the concrete layer, and is therefore completely embedded in the wood and concrete;

[0074] For thermal and / or acoustic insulation At least one shear connector or each shear connector penetrating a layer, or each shear connector of the composite slab, extends outside of at least one longitudinal support element or is not embedded in at least one longitudinal support element, and / or extends outside of a channel of the concrete-filled wood layer or is not embedded in a channel of the concrete-filled wood layer, and / or extends outside of a concrete protrusion from the concrete layer, in particular a concrete under-protrusion, or is not embedded in a concrete protrusion from the concrete layer, in particular a concrete under-protrusion;

[0075] For thermal and / or acoustic insulation the or each shear connector passing through a layer or each shear connector of the composite slab does not form part of a longitudinal support element or is not connected to a longitudinal support element or is not designed as a longitudinal support element and / or does not form part of a channel in the concrete-filled wood layer or is not present as such or is not connected as such and / or does not form part of a concrete protrusion from the concrete layer, in particular a concrete downward protrusion, or is not present as such or is not connected as such;

[0076] the shear connectors having a weight proportion of at least 50%, or at least 60%, or at least 70%, or at least 75%, or at least 80%, or at least 90% of all the shear connectors installed in the slab extend or are installed outside at least one longitudinal support element and / or outside the channels in the concrete-filled wood layer and / or outside the concrete protrusions from the concrete layer, in particular outside the concrete downward protrusions,

[0077] The wood layer is designed without channels,

[0078] Shear connectors held within the wood layers and within the concrete layers are mechanically installed within the composite slab, or the shear connection between the wood layers and the concrete layers is achieved solely by mechanically installed shear connectors held within the wood layers and within the concrete layers, and the shear connection is not achieved via a positive connection or a surface bond;

[0079] For thermal and / or acoustic insulation at least one or each shear connector across a ply, or each shear connector of a composite slab, is held within the wood ply by press fitting and / or adhesive;

[0080] At least one shear connector having ends projecting into the wood layer and the concrete layer; For thermal and / or acoustic insulation Layer Thermal and / or acoustic insulation directly through the material and therefore surrounded on all sides, Thermal and / or acoustic insulation The material does not consist of air,

[0081] For thermal and / or acoustic insulation Each of the shear connectors that penetrate the layers and have their ends protruding into the wood and concrete layers is For thermal and / or acoustic insulation Layer Thermal and / or acoustic insulation directly through the material and therefore surrounded on all sides, Thermal and / or acoustic insulation The material does not consist of air,

[0082] For thermal and / or acoustic insulation the layers are the same thickness up to and / or excluding any shear connectors passing therethrough and any longitudinal support elements that may be present;

[0083] For thermal and / or acoustic insulation Layer Thermal and / or acoustic insulation The material is completely held in place by the timber layer, so no lower formwork is required.

[0084] When the slab has a uniaxial load-bearing effect, i.e., when the slab has uniaxial load transfer, the wood layer can be subjected to tensile load in the direction of load transfer,

[0085] The wood layer can be subjected to tensile loads across the full span of the slab,

[0086] the wood layer is capable of being subjected to a tensile load across or along the entire length of the at least one longitudinal support element;

[0087] the wood layer is configured so that it does not have to rest on one or more longitudinal support elements extending thereunder;

[0088] the wood layer is configured so that it does not have to rest on one or more longitudinal support elements designed as wood beams or longitudinal support elements designed as wood beams that extend below the wood layer,

[0089] the lowest layer portion of the wood layer extends across the entire wood layer;

[0090] The wood layer has a bottom layer portion terminating towards the bottom,

[0091] The wood layer forms a continuous bottom edge with its lowest layer portion,

[0092] the wood layers include or are formed of abutting wood panels;

[0093] the recess is formed by material removal to form at least one box-shaped space in the wood panel when viewed from above;

[0094] The tensioning of at least two abutting wood panels that are reciprocally tensioned relative to one another causes them to be tensioned relative to one another with a permanent tension and not just held in place relative to one another;

[0095] the tensioning of at least two abutting wood panels reciprocally tensioned relative to one another is in each case realized over a panel area on both sides of the dividing plane of the two wood panels tensioned relative to one another, the panel area including only a part of the length of the wood panels in the tensioning direction;

[0096] The lowest layer of the wood layer itself forms a layer having a height,

[0097] the wood of the lowest layer of the wood layer has a seamless, continuous design up to the seam at and / or along the dividing plane that extends perpendicular to the tensioning direction of the wood panels tensioned relative to each other;

[0098] The wood layer has not been subjected to material removal machining on its underside and is therefore left untouched;

[0099] the wood layer is left without engagements, notches or millings on its underside and is therefore left untouched;

[0100] The underside defining the timber layer forms the lower edge of the pristine slab,

[0101] The wood layer terminates at the bottom as a flat slab slab,

[0102] the bottom portion has an extension or height at the top;

[0103] the top extension of the bottom portion, or the height of the bottom portion, is at least 5 mm, or at least 10 mm, or at least 15 mm, or at least 20 mm, or at least 25 mm;

[0104] the wood layer does not consist of wood beams arranged in a row, or the wood layer does not consist of components in the form of individual wood beams, or the wood layer does not contain any components in the form of individual wood beams,

[0105] The wood layer made of wood material is made of cross-laminated lumber, laminated veneer lumber or solid wood,

[0106] The wood layer is not formed from board stack material,

[0107] The wood layer is not formed from wood chips,

[0108] The slab's layer courses are continuous on both sides of at least one longitudinal support element;

[0109] at least one longitudinal support element or concrete protrusion, in particular a downward concrete protrusion, of the concrete layer is flush with and adjacent to the wood layer;

[0110] Shear connectors are installed in the composite slab, at least one of which protrudes into the wood layer and the concrete layer simultaneously, thereby For thermal and / or acoustic insulation penetrates the layers,

[0111] The wood layers in the slab composite are subjected to tensile loads in the installed state of the slab.

[0112] Additionally, the present invention relates to a building comprising one or more installed wood-concrete composite slabs having any combination of features according to one or more of sections

[0020] to

[0025] ,

[0029] to

[0036] ,

[0040] to

[0052] , and

[0056] to

[0111] .

[0113] An advantageous embodiment of the invention relates to a building having a combination of features according to section

[0112] , which is designed as a residential and / or office building, an administrative building, an educational facility, an exhibition or civic center, a conference and concert hall, a library, a museum, a storehouse, a shopping center, a hotel, an aquatics center, a sports stadium, a station, or an airport.

[0114] A further advantageous embodiment of the present invention relates to a building having a combination of features according to either section

[0112] or

[0113] , which is designed as a high-rise building with a total height starting from 25 m.

[0115] A further advantageous embodiment of the present invention relates to a building according to one or more of the sections

[0020] to

[0025] ,

[0029] to

[0036] ,

[0040] to

[0052] ,

[0056] to

[0111] , comprising one or more pre-built wood-concrete composite slabs with any combination of the features according to one or more of the sections

[0020] to

[0025] ,

[0029] to

[0036] ,

[0040] to

[0052] ,

[0056] to

[0111] , the slabs being installed in a horizontal position and / or in an inclined position of up to 45° or up to 60°.

[0116] Advantageous embodiments of the present invention also relate to methods having any combination of features according to one or more of sections

[0026] to

[0028] ,

[0038] to

[0039] , and

[0053] to

[0055] .

[0117] A further advantageous embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for making a wood-concrete composite slab having any combination of features according to one or more of sections

[0026] to

[0028] ,

[0038] to

[0039] ,

[0053] to

[0055] , and having any combination of features according to one or more of sections

[0020] to

[0025] ,

[0029] to

[0036] ,

[0040] to

[0052] , and

[0056] to

[0111] .

[0118] A further advantageous embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for creating a building having any combination of features according to one or more of sections

[0112] to

[0115] , having any combination of features according to one or more of sections

[0026] to

[0028] ,

[0038] to

[0039] ,

[0053] to

[0055] .

[0119] Furthermore, an advantageous embodiment of the present invention relates to the use of a combination of features according to section

[0037] in a wood-concrete composite slab having any combination of features according to one or more of sections

[0020] to

[0025] ,

[0029] to

[0036] ,

[0040] to

[0052] , and

[0056] to

[0111] .

[0120] A further advantageous embodiment of the present invention relates to the use of a combination of features as set out in section

[0037] in a wood-concrete composite slab having any combination of features as set out in one or more of sections

[0020] to

[0025] ,

[0029] to

[0036] ,

[0040] to

[0052] ,

[0056] to

[0111] , which is incorporated into a building having any combination of features as set out in one or more of sections

[0112] to

[0115] .

[0121] The object of the invention is also achieved by a wood-concrete composite slab having the features of any of claims 1, 6 or 9. Advantageous embodiments of the wood-concrete composite slab according to the invention are described in the dependent claims 2-4. The object is also achieved by a method having the features of any of claims 5, 8 or 10. Furthermore, the object of the invention is achieved by a use according to claim 7. The object is also achieved by a building according to claims 11-13.

[0122] Because wood-concrete composite slabs according to the present invention can be used to create large spans while at the same time having an attractive appearance, they can find very wide and diverse applications not only in residential buildings, but also in office and administrative buildings, especially in schools and educational facilities with open-plan office designs, and especially in buildings of large size, typically with large slab areas, such as conference centers, exhibition and civic centers, conference and concert halls, libraries, museums, storage facilities, shopping centers, hotels, aquatic centers, sports stadiums, train stations, and airports, to name a few. A typical field of use for slabs according to the present invention relates to multi-story, especially high-rise, structures, where apartments and / or office units are generally accommodated in different sizes and with various layouts, and the slabs offer this flexibility thanks to the span dimensions that can be realized. In contrast to conventional slab systems, wood-concrete composite slabs according to the present invention also provide relief to the building's supporting structure and foundations, especially in high-rise buildings. Even when high demands are placed on sound insulation, the slab design according to the present invention can stand out due to its relatively lightweight design. In this way, it simultaneously meets modern demands for sustainable, low-impact construction and quality of life, and is therefore highly suitable for urban multi-storey and high-rise construction. The height of buildings that qualify as high-rise buildings according to applicable standards usually varies between approximately 25 and 50 meters in total height. In the following, high-rise buildings are always understood to be buildings that start from a total height of approximately 25 meters. Needless to say, the slabs according to the invention can also be advantageously installed in less complex or less demanding building structures, and their application area generally, but not exclusively, concerns high-rise buildings.

[0123] In the drawings, wood-concrete composite slabs according to the invention and buildings with one or more such built-in slabs are shown based on exemplary embodiments, their features and their manufacture are described and explained in detail in the following description. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0124] The drawings are as follows: [Figure 1a] 1 is a perspective plan view of an example of a conventional wood-concrete composite slab having linear wood components and connecting elements extending therealong; FIG. [Figure 1b] FIG. 1 is a perspective view, partially cut away, of an example of a conventional wood-concrete composite slab having flat wood elements made of board stack material and connecting elements extending into the grooves thereof. [Figure 2a] 1 shows a cross-sectional view of the layer structure of an embodiment of a wood-concrete composite slab according to the invention with longitudinal support elements of reinforced concrete embedded inside the slab. [Figure 2b] 1 shows a cross section of a layer structure of an embodiment of a wood-concrete composite slab according to the invention with longitudinal support elements embedded inside the slab, the longitudinal support elements comprising steel beams. [Figure 3] 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the layer structure of a further embodiment of a wood-concrete composite slab according to the invention having two layers for thermal and / or acoustic insulation. [Figure 4a] 1 shows a longitudinal section of a wood panel with a loosely inserted fastener for tension connection to a further wood panel. [Figure 4b] 1 shows a longitudinal section of two abutting wood panels before creating a tension connection of the wood panels. [Figure 4c] FIG. 4b shows a longitudinal section of an arrangement in which the wooden panels are tensioned against each other in a frictional manner. [Figure 4d] FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal cross section of two abutting wood panels tensioned against each other by a loosely inserted tensioning lock. [Figure 4e] 1 shows a tension spindle with a threaded rod and a sleeve extending thereover. [Figure 4f]1 shows a cross-sectional view of the spare / remaining / untouched front untouched material of a wood panel with different shaped cut or milled portions for tensioning means connection as viewed in the direction of the abutment axis relative to the dividing face of the wood panel. [Figure 4g] 1 shows a longitudinal section of two abutting wood panels tensioned against each other by a tensioning closure screwed into the wood panels. [Figure 4h] 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a recess in a wood panel with laterally fixed tensioning blocks. [Figure 4i] 1 shows a longitudinal section of two abutting wood panels tensioned against each other by wedge tensioning. [Figure 4j] A tensioning wedge is shown with a U-shaped notch or milled portion that allows the tensioning wedge to slide over the threaded rod. [Figure 4k] 1 shows a longitudinal cross section of two abutting wood panels tensioned relative to each other in a tensioning arrangement that is symmetrical along the dividing plane of the wood panels. [Figure 5a] 1 shows a timeline of a method for manufacturing a wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention. [Figure 5b] 1 shows a timeline of a method for manufacturing a wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention. [Figure 5c] 1 shows a timeline of a method for manufacturing a wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention. [Figure 5d] 1 shows a timeline of a method for manufacturing a wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention. [Figure 5e] 1 shows a timeline of a method for manufacturing a wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention. [Figure 5f] 1 shows a timeline of a method for manufacturing a wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention. [Figure 5g] 1 shows a timeline of a method for manufacturing a wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention. [Figure 5h] 1 shows a timeline of a method for manufacturing a wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention. [Figure 5i] 1 shows a timeline of a method for manufacturing a wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention. [Figure 5j] 1 shows a timeline of a method for manufacturing a wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention. [Figure 5k] 1 shows a timeline of a method for manufacturing a wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention. [Figure 5l] 1 shows a timeline of a method for manufacturing a wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention. [Figure 5m] 1 shows a timeline of a method for manufacturing a wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention. [Figure 6] 1 shows a schematic support structure concept for a wood-concrete composite slab according to the invention based on an exemplary slab plan with strategically arranged internal longitudinal support elements. [Figure 7] 1 is a cross-sectional view of a wood-concrete composite slab according to the invention with internal longitudinal support elements, showing columns adjacent to the slab at the top and bottom and extending behind the drawing plane. [Figure 8] 1 is a cross-sectional view of a wood-concrete composite slab according to the invention with longitudinal support elements embedded inside the slab and protruding upwards, the protrusions of which are integrated into the hollow slab, adjacent to the slab at the top and bottom and showing columns extending behind the drawing plane. [Figure 9] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a wood-concrete composite slab according to the invention with longitudinal support elements embedded inside the slab, protruding at the bottom, adjacent to the slab at the top and bottom, and showing columns extending behind the drawing plane. [Figure 10a] A cross section similar to that in Figure 9 shows that the protrusions of the internal longitudinal support elements are designed as capital arms, which extend on both sides from the lower column perpendicular to the seat plane, the downward inclination towards the column being indicated by auxiliary dashed lines on the sides that can be seen here. [Figure 10b]A cross section of the support structure according to the cutting line AA in Figure 10a shows a view of the capital extending behind the drawing plane according to its length, and as can be seen in Figure 10a, the corresponding relevant parts of the longitudinal support elements connecting at the top are covered by the layer composite of the slab extending in the sheet plane, and the slab comprises two further internally guided longitudinal support elements extending away from the upper columns on either side perpendicular to the sheet plane, of which one longitudinal support element is seen in cross section. [Figure 11] 1 shows a slab plan view of a building having at least one, and typically a plurality of, prefabricated wood-concrete composite slabs according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0125] For purposes of this disclosure, several terms are defined below. · Timber-concrete composite slab: a slab whose supporting structure comprises concrete elements and timber elements connected to them in a shear-resistant manner. · Shear connections in timber-concrete composite slabs: Shear-resistant connections that provide sufficient resistance to shear of the concrete supporting element from the timber supporting element. Layer: a homogeneous mass (i.e., a mass that is not penetrated by other types of mass or affected by material changes that occur through the extension of the layer) that, in a planar extension, is within a certain height above, below, or between others, and therefore has a height along the planar extension. · Timber layer in a wood-concrete composite slab: a layer of wood / flat wooden elements / timber that runs in a planar orientation in the composite of the slab in question, as opposed to wood in sawn form. Support elements: These are distinguished by their shape and by the type of load transfer in bar-type and surface-supported structures or columns, beams, or brackets (bar-type supported structures) and sheets, panels, and shells (surface-supported structures). Rod: A one-dimensional, i.e. linear, element is a rod whose cross-sectional dimensions of width (b) and height (h) are small compared to its length (l). In general, the following bounding ranges apply: l ≥ 2b and l ≥ 2h. · Pillar: A rod loaded primarily on its axis. · Beam: A rod stressed primarily perpendicular to its axis, i.e., by bending. · Longitudinal support elements of the slab: beams that accept the slab load and redirect it to other components. · Support layer: A component designed as a layer of a support structure.

[0126] First, a cutout of a conventional wood-concrete composite slab with linear wood components will be described and explained with reference to FIG. 1a. In the illustrated example, from bottom to top, there are first the wood beams 5, which protrude visibly into the building's interior and are spaced apart from one another, then the permanent concrete formwork 2, and finally the concrete layer 4. Numerous wood-concrete connection elements 6, in this case in the form of intersecting screws 6, are regularly arranged at oblique angles along the wood beams 5 and penetrate the composite. The formwork 2 simultaneously marks the dividing plane between the wood support structure and the concrete layer 4 formed on top of it, into which the tops of the screws 6 are cast, creating a shear-resistant connection to the wood beams 5. To absorb tensile stresses and minimize cracking in the concrete, minimal reinforcement (not visible in FIG. 1a) is poured into the concrete layer 4. While the wood beams 5 are primarily subjected to tensile stresses, the concrete in the concrete layer 4 is primarily subjected to compression.

[0127] FIG. 1b shows an alternative embodiment of a conventional wood-concrete composite slab, i.e., a cutout of a flat wood-concrete composite slab. The wood support structure is designed as a flat wood element or wood layer 1 and is most often made from wood materials such as cross-laminated timber, glued laminated timber, laminated veneer lumber, or solid wood. In the example shown here, the wood layer 1 is formed from board layers, which are arranged vertically one after the other and stacked edge-on top of each other, also forming board-stack lumber elements. To join these elements without adhesive, kiln-dried hardwood dowels are installed in the elements perpendicular to their surfaces, and precision-fitting boreholes are introduced into each adjacent element. After the outer-dried dowels are inserted into the boreholes of each adjacent board-stack lumber element, they expand and are therefore compressed within the boreholes as they are enriched with moisture. The wood layer 1 thus formed has grooves or channels 7 spaced apart from one another. Here, connecting elements 6 in the form of dowels or screws are introduced therein as shear connectors perpendicular to the slab surface. After the concrete layer 4 is formed, the concrete-filled channels 7, together with their connecting elements 6, act as shear joints. Also, in this embodiment of the wood-concrete composite slab, minimal reinforcement is inserted into the concrete layer 4 to absorb tensile stresses and avoid cracks. Such conventional flat wood-concrete composite slabs are fully feasible in single-family buildings or other buildings with small slab spans and low protection specifications. The larger the slab structures and the higher the building's protection specifications, the less worthwhile their use becomes.

[0128] To allow conventional wood-concrete composite slabs to be used advantageously in multi-unit buildings, high-rise buildings, or other large buildings, greater requirements are placed on their load-bearing capacity, especially when large / long spans are realized. As explained earlier, the design thickness of the slab, i.e., the height of the slab, must be more pronounced so that the slab is more flexurally rigid. In the case of a conventional slab structure such as that shown in Figure 1b, this means that the load-bearing composite layers must be designed to be higher or thicker, which makes the slab stiffer and heavier. The cost allocation by the slab composite partners (including wood, concrete, shear bonding, and secondary processing) can be reduced by only about 60%, or even more in terms of the wood content at stages when raw material prices are high. A thicker wood layer 1 makes the slab substantially more expensive. Instead, if mainly or only the concrete layer 4 is made thicker, the wood partner, as a relatively thin layer, can no longer contribute to the actual intended composite. The concrete-wood ratio in the composite deteriorates. The question then arises as to the useful value of the relatively expensive wood layer 1 in the slab, which could also be made entirely of concrete, given the amount of concrete required. However, if a classic concrete slab is installed, removing the wood layer 1 would result in a significantly higher specific weight. For comparison, reinforced concrete weighs approximately 2.5 t / m 3 whereas the density of wood and wood materials is therefore 3 to 10 times less (e.g. spruce: 0.35 t / m 3As a result, it has been found that an increase or extension of the span of a slab can only be achieved by using substantially more material, which is significant overall, especially when high concrete usage is involved. For a proportional increase in the composite layers of a flat wood-concrete composite slab, a 50% extension of the span, e.g., from 6 m to 9 m, is accompanied by an increase in the slab's weight that is approximately 50% to 70%, depending on the span. In the wood-concrete composite slab embodiments according to the present invention described below, a 50% extension of the span, e.g., from 6 m to 9 m, can be achieved with a weight increase of 10% or less, depending on the span, while the slab thickness varies by only about 5-10 cm. Typically, the span-dependent weight increase for a 1.5-fold increase in slab span, from approximately 6 m to 9 m, is only about 5-7% of the slab weight, with a slab thickness variation of approximately 5-7 cm. This allows for flexibility in slab planning and design that was previously unknown for wood-concrete composite slabs.

[0129] 2a shows a cross section of the layer structure of an embodiment of a wood-concrete composite slab according to the invention with flat wood elements, which in this embodiment have as a special feature linear longitudinal support elements that are enclosed within the spatial extent of the slab and are therefore referred to below as "internal longitudinal support elements". In this case, it is composed of at least a concrete layer 4 and For thermal and / or acoustic insulationThe composite layers 3, 4 penetrate the layer 3, thus interrupting the slab's layer structure 3, 4 so that they are spatially adjacent to each lateral flank 16 of the longitudinal support element 8, i.e., adjacent to it on both sides along its length perpendicular to the sheet plane in FIG. 2a. In this embodiment, the height H of the reinforced concrete interior longitudinal support element 8 is 280 mm, and its width W is 600 mm. These dimensions of the longitudinal support element 8 should be understood here as merely exemplary. They are selected according to the building's specific requirements, but typically lie within the range of 300 mm to 700 mm for the width of the longitudinal support element 8 and 150 mm to 350 mm for its height. The longitudinal support element 8 is flush adjacent to the concrete layer 4 and extends downward to the flat timber element, i.e., timber layer 1. In the variant of the interior longitudinal support element 8 protruding from the slab, as described below, its height is typically 400 to 700 mm. Depending on the requirements, the longitudinal support elements 8 within the slab can be combined with elements of different dimensions, or with or without protrusions. As mentioned above, the internal longitudinal support elements 8 presented here extend down to the wood layer 1 and are frictionally connected to it. In this case, connecting elements 6 in the form of structural wood screws are introduced into the wood layer 1. Here, they are screwed into the wood layer 1 at right angles and are therefore positioned within the longitudinal support elements 8 to save as much space as possible. They can also be screwed in at an angle. The upper parts of the connecting elements or structural wood screws 6 protruding from the wood layer 1 are cast into the concrete of the internal longitudinal support elements 8, thereby forming a tight connection between the concrete of the longitudinal support elements 8 and the wood layer 1. Other wood-concrete connecting means 6, such as metal plugs or composite dowels, can also be introduced or glued mechanically by hand, or the internal longitudinal support elements 8 can be glued flat to the wood layer 1. For the wooden sub-slab 1, the internal longitudinal support elements 8 which are frictionally connected to it act as a coating, so to speak.

[0130] The use of wood-based materials, such as cross-laminated timber (CLT), and especially laminated veneer lumber (LVL), has proven advantageous for the wood layer 1. Compared to the parallel fiber arrangement of the laminate layers, a laminate with transversely arranged sections essentially increases the directionality of the laminate, thereby increasing the stiffness and strength of the entire laminate. This sometimes allows for a slender design of the wood layer 1. Glass- or carbon-fiber-reinforced variants of such cross-laminated wood-based materials are also suitable for the bending-rigid wood layer 1. Preferably, beech LVL, known in German as "Baubuch," is used. Thanks to its very high strength and stiffness, Baubuch can be processed into substantially thinner components compared to softwood materials. In a typical embodiment of the slab, the wood layer 1 forms a thickness of 60 mm, thus forming a sub-slab that is approximately half the thickness of a comparable flat wood-concrete composite slab according to the prior art.

[0131] For thermal and / or acoustic insulation Layer 3 is accommodated in the intermediate space between wood layer 1 and concrete layer 4. In an advantageous variant of the invention, For thermal and / or acoustic insulation Layer 3 is made of different densities or specific gravities. Thermal and / or acoustic insulationThe slab is designed with multiple layers of material, with the densest layer located below the wood layer 1, as described below. The spacing between the upper concrete slab and the wood sub-slab 1 creates a static height that provides significant bending stiffness. In this example, the height of this spacing or interspace is 170 mm; other slab embodiments typically have a height of 100 to 250 mm, preferably 120 to 190 mm. Vertically installed between the wood layer 1 and the concrete layer 4 are shear connectors 9, in this embodiment in the form of steel pipes. The load-bearing concrete layer 1 and the wood layer 4 are shear-resistantly connected to each other by this grid of steel pipe joints. Four-channel or multi-channel pipes or rolled profiles can also be used for this purpose, as long as they act as reliable spacers to absorb shear forces or effectively prevent shear movement between the composite layers 1 and 4. Depending on the slab design, the dimensions of the shear connectors 9 mentioned above are typically 200 to 350 mm in length / height and 50 to 150 mm in diameter or diagonal. At their top, the shear connectors 9 protrude into the concrete layer 4, into which the shear connectors 9 are concreted. At their bottom, they protrude into the wood layer 1. For this purpose, the shear connectors 9 are each inserted, glued or embedded directly into a recess 30 in the wood layer 1. Alternatively, they can be inserted indirectly, for example by welding them to a steel holder, which is then glued or embedded into the recess 30 in the wood layer 1. In an environmentally friendly variant, since no mortar or adhesive is used, an internal thread is milled into the wood layer 1 for each steel pipe 9 used, for which a steel pipe 9 with an external thread on the end side can be screwed in. Depending on the slab span and its payload, a length of 1 m is usually used. 2 Between three and six steel pipes are installed per well, distributed to accommodate the shear flow.

[0132] Towards the top, the slab terminates in the concrete layer 4 with a reinforced concrete top slab and the top of the internal longitudinal support elements 8. The reinforcement 15 of the concrete layer 4 extends into the area of ​​the internal longitudinal support elements 8 by means of bell-butt joints 14 via connecting reinforcement 12, which here are bending reinforcement rods. The tension reinforcement 10 and pressure reinforcement 11 in the internal longitudinal support elements 8 as typical longitudinal support element reinforcement 42, as well as the stirrup reinforcement 13, are also shown diagrammatically. Impact noise Block The screed / sub-slab 23, under which the body 22 is laid, typically covers the concrete upper slab. Optionally, a slab cover follows on top of the screed 23. A slab constructed in this manner, including the slab cover, can be realized with a total thickness of 350 mm to 450 mm. In this way, it has a thinner design than a conventional flat wood-concrete composite slab with the same load-bearing capacity, where both the concrete and wood layers must be designed to be substantially stronger / thicker. For multi-story structures, especially high-rise structures, this has a decisive impact on the building's utilization. For a given building height of, for example, 80 meters, the slab according to the present invention can easily achieve one to two more floors than a conventional wood-concrete composite slab.

[0133] FIG. 2b shows a cross section of a layer structure of a wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention with an alternative embodiment of the internal longitudinal support element 8. In this case, the longitudinal support element is designed with a steel beam 20 of modified H-section shape, extending along its length on both sides perpendicular to the sheet plane in FIG. 2b. Compared to the lower flange 21b, the upper flange 21a of the profile 20 has intentionally shorter wings, so that the timber structural screws 6 can be screwed into the timber layer 1 on site during assembly of the longitudinal support element 8, leaving open access for this purpose. Other profile shapes, such as inverted T-beams, L-beams, etc., are also possible, which are supported on the timber layer 1 by the flange 21b and can be screwed or glued there. However, an additional upper flange 21a can achieve higher rigidity. In the case of glued steel beams 20, cross-axis symmetric shapes, such as symmetric H-beams, can also be installed. In the illustrated embodiment, the inner longitudinal support element 8 comprises, as reinforcement, a conventional reinforcing steel, shown in FIG. 2b with connecting reinforcement 12, and on the other hand a steel profile beam 20. The space around the steel beam 20 is Thermal and / or acoustic insulation The upper part of the internal longitudinal support elements 8 with the connecting reinforcement 12 is cast with cast-in-place concrete, resulting in the formation of a continuous concrete upper slab. Obviously, in this embodiment the internal longitudinal support elements 8 also form the concrete layer 4 of the slab and For thermal and / or acoustic insulation It adjoins layer 3 at each lateral flank 16, the lateral steel profile surface and the lateral concrete surface, thus interrupting its layer structure 3, 4. The above description applies to the preferred dimensions of width W and height H of this longitudinal support element 8. Of course, a combination of internal reinforced concrete and steel profile longitudinal support elements 8 can also be incorporated into the layer composite of the slab.

[0134] The concept of longitudinal support elements 8 embedded within the slab and interrupting its layer structure provides a space-optimized and at the same time very efficient bending stiffening. With the best possible use of the intermediate spaces in which the slab is statically increased, the slab is stiffened bending with minimal weight input. Loading the intermediate spaces Thermal and / or acoustic insulationAlthough the material is relatively lightweight, one or more internal longitudinal support elements 8 are used, if necessary, in locations where the reinforcement is most effective. The internal longitudinal support elements 8 extend through the slab as highly effective "reinforcing ribs," regardless of the spatial and structural specificities that would have to be considered for the placement of conventional longitudinal support elements. Thanks to highly targeted reinforcement, the slab's rigidity and load-bearing capacity can be significantly increased with a relatively small amount of steel and concrete used. The weight percentage of the optimized wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention allocated to the internal longitudinal support elements 8 is only approximately 10% or less of the slab's weight. The weight reduction compared to a comparable concrete slab is significant, at approximately 30% for the slab according to the present invention. A 50% extension of the span of the wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention to a total length of 9 m can easily be achieved, even with an increase in the slab's weight of 10% or less, or even 5-7%.

[0135] This slab structure allows for larger span dimensions with a substantially lower specific weight than flat wood-concrete composite slabs according to the prior art, opening up the possibility of conceptualizing slabs with expanded area coverage up to the inter-story range. Specifically, in the case of such slab plans, it is possible to dispense with load-bearing components extending through the space (mainly load-bearing walls) that permanently fix the slab plan's geometry. Therefore, the slab system according to the present invention offers great reuse potential for buildings, taking into account increasingly rapidly changing usage needs. Apart from economic efficiency, if it can be used in many ways over time without extensive modifications, this has a very positive effect on the sustainability balance of the building.

[0136] Needless to say, the advantages offered by this slab system are becoming even more important in large buildings. However, apart from static issues, there is another reason to install wood-concrete composite slabs spanning such units with flat timber elements, especially in large buildings with different building sections and / or multiple separate use units, typically for residential or office purposes. This is due to the high demands placed on acoustic protection due to the non-industrial use of the building. As a rule, the higher the standard of the apartment, the higher the soundproofing requirements.

[0137] As a result, lightweight components are better than heavy components for exciting vibrations and transmitting sound. A flat wood-concrete composite slab with a lightweight wood layer 1 exposed to the room transmits sound well and therefore has a difficult starting point. Therefore, in conventional wood-concrete composite slabs, the concrete layer 4 is often made thicker than actually statically required. For the slab according to the invention, soundproofing represents an even greater challenge, because the slab achieves the same static objective at an even lower weight, and the relatively lightweight wood layer 1 is still distanced from the concrete layer 4 and can therefore vibrate somewhat independently.

[0138] In one embodiment of the slab according to the invention, this problem is solved by the fact that the intermediate layer 3 has different Thermal and / or acoustic insulation This is addressed by filling at least two layers with material, i.e. multi-layers. For thermal and / or acoustic insulation Layer 3 is a relatively heavy or dense Thermal and / or acoustic insulation In this way, additional mass can be introduced centrally above and on top of the wood layer 1 in order to load the wood layer 1 and therefore make it less sensitive to vibrations. The remaining space in the middle layer can be filled with lighter or less dense wood. Thermal and / or acoustic insulation These are filled with materials. Thermal and / or acoustic insulationThe material ratios can be adapted to the respective soundproofing regulations and therefore meet the very high requirements typical for high-end residential building standards and detached houses. In this way, a comprehensive and usable slab for various space and use categories can be achieved, whereas conventional wood-concrete composite slabs must penetrate through the partition walls of apartments or office units or other separate units for other uses or building components in order to suppress sound transmission.

[0139] Therefore, in a preferred variant of the slab according to the invention, a relatively dense or heavy Thermal and / or acoustic insulation The material is less dense or lighter Thermal and / or acoustic insulation For this purpose, the wooden layer 1, spaced from the concrete upper slab by an intermediate space, is particularly tasked with reducing the slab's susceptibility to vibrations.

[0140] Figure 3 shows an embodiment of a wood-concrete composite slab according to the invention in cross section through its layer structure: from bottom to top, first the wood layer 1 is visible, then the relatively dense / heavy Thermal and / or acoustic insulation Made of materials For thermal and / or acoustic insulation The layer 3a is placed directly on it, which allows for concentrated loading on the wood layer 1. In a preferred embodiment, such a density or specific gravity Thermal and / or acoustic insulation The material is For thermal and / or acoustic insulation For layer 3a, it is chosen that it occupies at most only half the proportion of the intermediate space, advantageously less than half, for example only a small fraction of the intermediate space, as can be seen here from FIG. 3, especially for the loads of the slab or wood layer which are sound-related. Thermal and / or acoustic insulation Materials For thermal and / or acoustic insulation Layer 3b is the bottom For thermal and / or acoustic insulation It continues on top of layer 3a and is finally covered by concrete layer 4. In the case of three or more layers, the load is mainly on the wood layer 1, so they are arranged so that the weight decreases from bottom to top. Thermal and / or acoustic insulationThe density or specific gravity of the material increases in the direction of the wood layer 1. This is intended to result in a targeted load on the wood layer 1 in order to make it sufficiently vibration resistant. In this way, higher sound insulation requirements can ultimately be met with a relatively lighter total weight of the slab than in the case of undifferentiated weight input in the intermediate space.

[0141] The bulk material is Thermal and / or acoustic insulation For example, concrete granules made from crushed concrete or a mixture of crushed concrete and masonry are recommended for the bottom layer 3a. Such granules can be made 100% from recycled building materials and are therefore called recycled concrete granules or recycled mixed granules. Filler or lean concrete (preferably made from granules) is also suitable for the soundproofing specific load of the wood layer 1. Thermal and / or acoustic insulation It is considered as a material. For thermal and / or acoustic insulation Layer 3b Thermal and / or acoustic insulation Lightweight building materials in the form of bulk materials, such as foam glass gravel produced from pure waste glass, have proven to be suitable. Recycled building materials have at most a negligible impact on the building environment, making them ideal for construction projects. Thermal and / or acoustic insulation The material is highly preferred.

[0142] Furthermore, at least two layers For thermal and / or acoustic insulation Layer 3, typically the lightest for the top layer 3a Thermal and / or acoustic insulation Air can also be advantageously used as material. The concrete layer 4 resting on the cavity 3b thus formed must then be supported at the bottom on the permanent concrete formwork 2.

[0143] Advantageously, at least two layers For thermal and / or acoustic insulation Layer 3 Thermal and / or acoustic insulation The materials have very different material densities, which allows the wood layer 1 to be filled in a more concentrated and therefore more targeted manner, while the remaining intermediate space is not particularly important. A relatively heavy layer made from recycled concrete granules is applied to the upper side of the wood. For thermal and / or acoustic insulation Layer [density: approx. 1.3~2.0t / m3 ] and the foam glass gravel on top of this is made from remarkably light For thermal and / or acoustic insulation Layer [density: approx. 0.2~0.3t / m 3 ], the slab according to the present invention achieves significant savings in specific weight per unit of slab area while meeting the soundproofing requirements. Thermal and / or acoustic insulation The difference in density or specific gravity of the materials is preferably about 0.5 to 2 t / m 3 Next, Thermal and / or acoustic insulation The layers 3a, 3b of the body are introduced into the intermediate space 3 with a corresponding spatial ratio, the heavy layer 3a being at the bottom. Slab area 1 m 2 Approximately 0.7 to 1.4 kN per Thermal and / or acoustic insulation There is contact pressure of the material, and the slab area is 1m 2 Lightweight at approximately 0.1 to 0.4 kN per Thermal and / or acoustic insulation Very good values ​​for the acoustic isolation of spatial units and floors can be obtained when there is contact pressure of the material. Depending on the specific situation, heavy Thermal and / or acoustic insulation 1m of material slab area 2 Contact pressure of approximately 0.9 kN per Thermal and / or acoustic insulation Material Fee slab area of ​​1m 2 A contact pressure of about 0.25 kN per slab provides a good slab weight / sound ratio. For thermal and / or acoustic insulation The space filled by layer 3 affects the weight balance of the slab, which still meets the challenge of increasing the span with a minimum increase in weight, thereby achieving high sound insulation values. Due to its dedicated sound insulation load, it can individually meet each specification for sound insulation mass.

[0144] As shown in Figure 3, one or more impulse sounds Block Panels 22, sub-slabs 23, and slab covering, if applicable, typically follow on top in the final stage on the concrete top slab. The cutout shown here does not have an internal longitudinal support element 8. As shown in Figures 2a and 2b above, one or more such longitudinal support elements 8 may be Thermal and / or acoustic insulation It goes without saying that it can be accommodated in a similar manner in a raised area adjacent to the body. For thermal and / or acoustic insulationLayer 3 is advantageously made of, as will be explained later, For thermal and / or acoustic insulation Except for interruptions related to connections within layer 3, the structure is interrupted only by one or more optional internal longitudinal support elements 8. If acoustic isolation is to be provided, the multilayer For thermal and / or acoustic insulation This type of slab loading by layers 3a, 3b is used. In any case, the slab according to the invention is constructed without internal longitudinal support elements and with at least two layers. For thermal and / or acoustic insulation This can also be addressed in an acoustically optimized variant with layer 3, in which case: For thermal and / or acoustic insulation Layers 3a, 3b extend over the entire span dimension of the composite slab without being interrupted by supporting structures. Such an embodiment of the slab according to the invention can be used when sufficient bending stiffness of the slab is ensured only by the spacing of the wood layer 1 from the shear-resistant fixed concrete layer 4. For thermal and / or acoustic insulation The manufacture of such a slab with layer 3 is described below.

[0145] Another key to increasing the stiffness and load-bearing capacity of wood-concrete composite slabs lies in the connections between the wood panels that combine to form the planar wood element 1. While the concrete upper slab, together with its reinforcement 15, is always designed for biaxial support, the wood layer 1, at least according to the prior art, supports the slab as a whole in only one direction. Indeed, the wood-based materials used in wood-concrete composite slabs are typically laminated transversely. Therefore, wood panels made of laminated wood materials at such dimensions can support loads on two axes. However, in practice, the wood layer 1 of a slab with a typical span cannot usually be manufactured as a single, continuously veneered panel. Rather, this wood layer 1 is composed of multiple wood panels, with each slab element consisting, for simplicity, of a single veneered wood panel and a concrete upper slab 4 or composite layer 3, 4 placed on top of it. However, tension connections between the individual wood panels are required so that the large-area wood layer 1 formed by multiple consecutive slab-element wood panels can continuously withstand loads on two axes. Thus, in one embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the invention provides close tensioning of the wood panels to support the load on two axes. Overall, a very high load-bearing capacity of the slab can be achieved without additional weight, especially since the weight of the connecting elements or tensioning means is negligible.

[0146] In a preferred embodiment of the wood-concrete composite slab, the latter comprises at least two abutting wood panels, which are tensioned relative to one another by tensile forces using the connection system presented below. For this purpose, at least one recess 24 is cut or milled into the wood panels in each case, firstly to form at least one box-shaped space for accommodating tensioning means 26a, 26b, 26c, and secondly, these recesses 24 form continuous recesses 25 or passages across the wood panels at the abutment points of the panels, leaving the underside of the wood panels intact. Behind the rearmost box-shaped space 24, the wood panel is in each case intact, i.e., not drilled, screwed, etc. for this purpose, forming a rear, intact material 29 that can be used in other ways. This creates favorable spatial conditions within the wood layer 1. During the installation of the primarily shear connection means 6, whether steel pipes, adhesive, or other wood-concrete connection elements 6 are introduced into the grooves or channels 7 of the wood layer 1, it proves advantageous to use the wood layer 1 in its pristine state for this purpose. The end faces 28b of the pristine material 29 at the rear of the wood panel can remain free for the fastening of the tensioning means 26a, 26b, 26c, e.g., by adhesive. The tensioning means 26a, 26b, 26c of the connection system are inserted and attached in the passages formed by the recesses 24 of the abutment layer. The tensioning means 26a, 26b, 26c are in each case fastened at their ends in the rearmost box-shaped spaces 24, 24a of the wood panels, so that when the tensioning means 26a, 26b, 26c are subjected to tensile stress, the wood panels fastened thereto are pulled together and thus tensioned together. In this way, tensile forces can be effectively transmitted through the connection formed from at least two wood panels pressed together, thereby providing a biaxial load-bearing capacity for the wood panel connected to the continuous flat wood element 1. A plurality of such recesses 24 are typically arranged at regular intervals along the abutment axis of the wood panel.

[0147] The wood panels advantageously have recesses 24 of identical dimensions and arrangement. Wood panels can then be prefabricated with identical recesses 24 in the same locations, so that when the connections are made, generally no attention needs to be paid to a particular side. Thus, each prefabricated wood panel can be positioned on either the near or far side of the abutment axis. Alternatively, the recesses 24 can be formed from a number of small box-shaped spaces 24a, 24c and their connected connection 24b, as will be described later. In a preferred variant of the connection system, the tensioning means 26a, 26b, 26c need only be loosely inserted into the recesses 24. For tensioning, the tensioning means 26a, 26b, 26c do not need to be screwed, doweled, glued, or otherwise fixed to the wood panel by engaging with the wood. Rather, the wood panel can remain untouched except for the recesses 24 needed for tensioning. This variant is therefore particularly simple to implement quickly and extremely easy to install. In the event of a failure in attaching the tensioning means 26a, 26b, 26c, the wood will not be irreversibly damaged. In a further preferred embodiment, the tensioning means components 26a, 26b, 26c are joined to one another to form a symmetrical arrangement, which further simplifies the connection system.

[0148] However, it is not important how the positive lock of the wood panels in the abutting layers is formed in detail. In a tongue and groove design, the end face of the wood panel is advantageously provided with a tongue tapering from an acute angle to an obtuse angle, and the end face of the other wood panel is provided with a groove of correspondingly narrowing depth, so that the wood panels can be pressed well against each other and then aligned with each other in a precisely fitting manner. Alternatively, the end faces of the wood panels to be tensioned can also be designed flat and joined together to form a butt joint. All of the embodiments of the connection system presented here are For thermal and / or acoustic insulation It can also be achieved on wood-concrete composite slabs with flat wood elements 1 with or without layers 3, and thus on wood-concrete composite slabs according to the prior art.

[0149] A specific embodiment of a symmetric tension adjustment device will be described based on the longitudinal cross-section of a wood panel according to Figures 4a-4c. First, a single wood panel with a fastener already inserted is shown in Figure 4a. The wood panel has a special recess 24. It consists of rear and front box-shaped spaces or chambers 24a, 24c and a hollow channel 24b connecting these chambers 24a, 24c. Behind the rearmost chamber 24a, the wood panel is intact, referred to as the rear intact material 29, while the hollow channel 24b extends into the front intact material 27, which is intact except for this hollow channel 24b. Both chambers 24a, 24c are open upward, and the front chamber 24c is additionally open at the end. In this way, fasteners can be easily installed. A screw head 26a is loosely inserted into the rear chamber 24a and threaded onto a threaded rod 26b guided through the hollow channel 24b into the rear chamber 24a. Due to this dimension, the screw head 26a does not fit within the hollow channel 24b, and therefore it can be moved at most up to the rear end face 28a of the forward untouched material 27, where it abuts against it and thereby acts as a tensioning block 26a.

[0150] In Figure 4b, two such wood panels are pressed together in a positive locking manner, as indicated by the dashed separation line. The abutment axis extends in the plane of the sheets. The front chamber 24c is open at its end, forming a common chamber 25 that opens upward at the abutment point. Finally, all chambers 24a, 24c are connected by this common chamber 25, either across the panels or continuously. A tensioning means (sleeve 26c in the illustrated example) is loosely inserted into the common chamber 25. Since the screw head 26a has play in the rear chamber 24a, it can be pushed backwards sufficiently to create space in the common chamber 25 at the front so that the threaded rod 26b emerging from the hollow channel 24b can be screwed into the sleeve 26c. The threads of the two threaded rods 26b are opposite by design. Therefore, the sleeve 26c that is screwed in has a counterclockwise internal thread on one side and a clockwise internal thread on the other side. Next, when the sleeve 26c is rotated in the fixed position, this pulls the threaded rod 26b evenly on both sides until the screw head 26a abuts the rear end face 28a of the forward untouched material 27 in the rear chamber 24a.

[0151] Further rotation of the sleeve 26c in the fixed position achieves a strong tension between the two wood panels, as shown in Figure 4c. Each screw head 26a presses against the rear end face 28a of the front untouched material 27, thus acting as a tensioning block. This tensioning system 26a, 26b, 26c can obviously be used in a side-independent manner. Advantageously, the threaded rod 26b, along with the screw head 26a, can be installed at the factory as shown in Figure 4a, and then simply tensioned together with the sleeve 26c at the construction site. Instead of the sleeve 26c with two opposing threads, a joint can be used that includes a central nut and two threaded pipe sections that can be tensioned together by the nut, with the threaded rods having the same thread rotation direction for this purpose. A mechanically symmetrical connection system also works with a sleeve-nipple connection. Instead of sleeve 26c, it is a nipple with opposing threads that is rotated in the common chamber 25 to tension it in the rest position, thus pulling together two sleeves with corresponding internal threads instead of threaded rod 26b. All of these threaded connection variants, together with their components 26a, 26b, and 26c, form a symmetrical design with respect to the dividing plane of the wood panel (for this purpose, the direction of rotation of the threads is not taken into account). In this case, the tensioning means do not need to be permanently connected or fixed to the wood panel, for example, by screwing, doweling, or gluing the fastening means 26a. Thus, wood panels can be easily and efficiently tensioned together. For this purpose, they can be identically prefabricated and easily interchangeable for the installation of the connection system.

[0152] As shown in Figure 4d, tensioning locks with tensioning levers 26c are also suitable as tensioning means 26a, 26b, and 26c. Each wood panel is cut out with a single recess 24, forming a box-shaped space with an open top and partially open ends, with the front pristine material 27 extending to the dividing surface. Behind these recesses 24, the wood panel is pristine, as seen in the rear pristine material 29 in Figure 4d. The recesses 24 can be designed identically, which prevents errors in the pre-manufacturing of the wood panels. At the abutment point of the wood panels, a passage extending across the two front tensioned wood panels is formed in the form of a common recess 25, through which an operable connection is formed. For this purpose, a tensioning block 26a with a tensioning lever / tensioning hook attached is loosely inserted into the chamber 24. Here, the tensioning arm 26b, hinged to the right tensioning block 26a, is positioned around the tensioning hook of the opposite left tensioning block 26a, thereby securing the tensioning means on both sides of the chamber 24, eliminating the need for a rigid connection to the wood panel. By pivoting the tensioning lever 26c, the tensioning arm 26b is pulled to the right, pressing the tensioning block 26a against the untouched material 27 in front of it and fully tensioning the wood panels against each other. The tensioning lock, while not symmetrical here, can be used independently of the sides. Of course, a double-sided tensioning lever closure designed symmetrically across the split plane could also be used. Instead of a tensioning lever with a tensioning arm, a screw design with hooks or handles articulated on both sides could be used. The hooks or handles engage the two tensioning blocks 26a, for example, around cams, bolts, or other components integrally molded therein. An example of this is shown in Figure 4e, where a tension spindle has a threaded rod 26b with a hexagonal sleeve 26c extending thereover.

[0153] It will be understood that this illustration is only a schematic representation. In practice, the forward pristine material 27, onto which the fastener 26a applies direct pressure, is designed to be very long or deep—for example, 0.2 to 0.5 meters or more—and thus much longer than the tensioning block 26a. Thus, the symmetrical connection system engages the wood panel over a long or deep area and withstands strong tension forces. Depending on the length or articulation of the tensioning arm 26b, the tensioning arm 26b can also be guided through a hollow channel 24b drilled through the forward pristine material 27 to grip against the tensioning block 26a of the adjacent abutting panel. Figure 4f shows this type of hollow channel 24b in the image on the right, looking toward the forward pristine material 27 in the direction of the abutment axis toward the dividing surface of the wood panel. However, for symmetric tensioning fasteners such as tension spindles, the passage must be open, i.e., accessible for tensioning, at least at the point of force transmission or at the position of its sleeve 26c. For this purpose, embodiments with a U-shaped or rectangular cutout in the front pristine material 27 or other recess 24 are suitable, as shown diagrammatically in Figures 4a to 4c.

[0154] In alternative embodiments of the tensioning fasteners, the tensioning blocks 26a are each fixedly connected to the wood panel, for example, glued or screwed, as in the example shown in FIG. 4g. Depending on the embodiment, the fasteners are attached only to the side walls of the slab and / or box-shaped space or recess 24. This is shown in two examples in a cutout of a cross section of the recess 24 parallel to the dividing plane according to FIG. 4h. In the right-hand illustration, the tensioning blocks 26a are U-shaped and can be fastened laterally from their interior in the recess 24. In principle, the tensioning blocks 26a can be fastened laterally and toward the bottom in both embodiments, depending on the spatial conditions, which is advantageous. These fixed fasteners keep the harmful effect on the wood relatively low, leaving the end face 28b of the rear untouched material 29 always free of fastening means. In the case of tensioning blocks 26a fastened only to the bottom of the recess 24, all, or in this case only, rearmost side walls of the recess 24 remain free of fastening means. Behind these recesses 24 the wood panel is left untouched. These can be manufactured in the same way. Fixed tensioning locks can also be used in a side-independent manner and can be realized symmetrically in the same way as described above.

[0155] In a further variation, as shown in FIG. 4i, the wood panels can be tensioned by a tensioning wedge 26c and an opposing wedge 26a. The wedges 26a and 26c are positioned within the same box-shaped recess 24 of the wood panel, seen on the right side of FIG. 4i. As the tensioning wedge 26c is hammered down, hammered in, or tightened, the opposing wedge 26a translates to the right, pulling on the threaded rod 26b, which is secured within the tensioning block 26a in the opposing box-shaped recess 24 of the far wood panel and is secured together with the opposing wedge 26a in the near wood panel. The front, intact material 27 on each wood panel is pressed against the other by the tensioning block 26a and by the wedges 26a and 26c, which act as tensioning blocks, thereby pulling the wood panels tightly together. This wedge connection can also be used independently of the sides. The tensioning wedge 26c preferably has a U-shaped recess at its bottom, which allows it to slide over the threaded rod 26b. This wedge shape is shown in Figure 4j. In a shorter embodiment of the tensioning wedge 26c, the tensioning wedge 26c does not reach the threaded rod 26b even when fully tensioned. Figure 4k shows a symmetrical variation of the wedge tensioner, with the tensioning wedge 26c and the counter wedge 26a in the box-shaped recess 24. For all of the tensioning variations shown, the recess 24 can be cut out identically in the wood panel. Behind the box-shaped recess 24, the wood panel remains intact and can be used, for example, for the insertion of shear connectors 6, 9.

[0156] The production of wood-concrete composite slabs according to the present invention allows a high degree of industrial pre-manufacturing to be achieved, since the slabs can be pre-manufactured in modular design and then assembled in place at the construction site. Among other things, this increases the construction and assembly efficiency during the production of slabs with large span dimensions. The method for producing slabs according to the present invention will now be described in detail.

[0157] For single-slab modules, the bottom slab layer—wood layer 1—is processed first. It is typically veneered as a single, seamless wood panel. As can be seen in Figure 5a, the recesses 30 described earlier are cut or milled into the wood layer 1 at the locations where the shear connectors 9 will be inserted. In the variant shown here, steel tubes 9 are glued, with expanded epoxy adhesive shown in a ring around them. Formwork 31, lined with film 32, surrounds the wood sub-slab 1 along its edge regions. Additionally, bulges of film 32 can be seen at regular intervals along the side regions of formwork 31. Among these are placeholders 33, made, for example, of rigid polystyrene foam, so that the spaces remain free during subsequent material application to allow for frictional connection of the slab modules later.

[0158] In Figure 5b, three rows of shear connectors 9 are placed on and connected to wood layer 1. Here, formwork 31 is partially covered, thereby clarifying the view of placeholders 33. Film 32 is placed around formwork 31 and glued to wood slab 1 at the bottom to laterally seal subsequent material application. Optional connections and components, such as architectural engineering elements, are installed directly on wood layer 1.

[0159] In Figure 5c, the top side of the bottom slab layer or wood layer 1 can again be seen, but in this view without the formwork 31. A sprinkler system 34 has been installed on this top side, as is customary for fire protection in buildings not strictly used as museums, libraries, and storage facilities with irreplaceable objects to be protected from water penetration. Similarly, the front recesses 24c can be seen, which in this preferred slab design are cut or milled into the wood layer 1, in this case regularly distributed over the longitudinal sides of the wood layer 1, and then connect and tension the wood layer 1 of the laterally adjacent module. The rear recesses 24a, which are now covered by wood blocks, are filled Thermal and / or acoustic insulation Material The feeThe tensioning of the wood layer 1 of the individual modules is in any case relevant to the preferred embodiment of the invention only if the wood layer 1 is designed to support a load continuously on two axes.

[0160] Fixings of load-handling attachments 44 on the wooden layer 1 are advantageously applied so that the slab modules can be lifted by a crane after completion. In the case of lifting belts 44, tensioning blocks (preferably slightly chamfered) which are fixed to the wooden layer 1 and tension the belts 44 on the surface of the wooden layer 1 are suitable, for example. If the fixing of load-handling attachments 44 on the slab elements is omitted, the completed elements can instead be lifted, for example, using the same hoisting belts.

[0161] FIG. 5d shows the next method step, in which: For thermal and / or acoustic insulation To configure Layer 3 Thermal and / or acoustic insulation The material is filled or injected onto the wood layer 1. In this embodiment, Thermal and / or acoustic insulation The material is cellulose fibers, which form a compact mass. The cellulose fibers can be seen on both sides along the module. For thermal and / or acoustic insulation The film 32 covers the shear connectors 9 protruding from the layer 3. For thermal and / or acoustic insulation The layer 3 is placed in a mold 31 so that it can be enclosed over its edge area. In this way, a multi-layer laminate is formed, preferably with separating films 36 between the individual material layers. For thermal and / or acoustic insulation Layer 3 is also filled, injected, blown, etc. For thermal and / or acoustic insulation Layer 3 may be, for example, a lower layer of concrete granules and a lighter layer of foam glass gravel (preferably a heavier layer) on top. For thermal and / or acoustic insulation Lighter from the layer For thermal and / or acoustic insulation The ratio of height to layer is 1:1 to 1:4. For thermal and / or acoustic insulation As shown in Figure 5d, For thermal and / or acoustic insulationTo ensure the proper height of the layer 3, a measuring rod 43 is advantageously used. Through the pillars of the auxiliary frame 37 for the formwork 31, the For thermal and / or acoustic insulation One can see the part of the wood layer 1 that is excluded from the layer 3 and the concrete layer 4. This part of the wood layer 1 will later form the contact surface 35 for the internal longitudinal support elements 8 on and above the wood layer 1.

[0162] For thermal and / or acoustic insulation After layer 3 is fully applied, the flaps of film 32 are folded inward, For thermal and / or acoustic insulation The layer 3 is surrounded by a film 32 on the entire side. For thermal and / or acoustic insulation A release film 36 is attached to the top of the layer 3 to prevent penetration into the layer 3. For thermal and / or acoustic insulation As can be seen in Figure 5e, openings are cut in the separating film 36, through which the upper ends of the shear connectors 9 can exit, and in the case of fixed load-handling attachments 44, through the corresponding openings in the guides 45. The ends of the shear connectors 9 thus protrude into the next concrete layer 4 to be applied, and then connect closely with the concrete layer 4. However, first, the reinforcement 15 for the concrete layer 4 is inserted, with the conventional multi-layer (in this case, two-layer, typically four-layer arrangement) of reinforcing rods in a lattice structure. In Figure 5e, For thermal and / or acoustic insulation The placeholders 33 on the left inner side of layer 3 are also clearly visible on the formwork 31. These areas are therefore excluded for the subsequent application of concrete.

[0163] The concreting process is shown in Figure 5f. In this case, fresh concrete has already been poured into the formwork 31 and is in particular vibrated, so that the fresh concrete forms a compact and flat upper layer 4. For thermal and / or acoustic insulationThe shear connectors 9 are anchored on layer 3 (now no longer visible). The upper ends of the shear connectors 9 are also no longer visible, as they are now completely covered by concrete layer 4. The placeholders 33 are now exposed in places. Guides 45 for the load-handling attachments 44 protrude upward from the concrete layer 4. After the concrete layer 4 has hardened, the formwork 31 is removed and the inserted placeholders 33 are removed or ejected. In this way, the slab module is fully formed and ready for assembly.

[0164] Figure 5g shows two such slab modules on supports 38, which are typically stacked for transport. The modules are made to a road transportable size so that they can be moved to the construction site where they can be assembled to form the wood-concrete composite slab. For thermal and / or acoustic insulation It can be seen how layer 3 is surrounded and therefore held in place all around its sides by film 32. It can also be seen that protrusions of the timber layer 1 of the module are formed which protrude below the composite, forming an open surface 35 at the top. These are filled with fresh concrete which is poured into place as will be explained below.

[0165] Figure 5h shows how a single slab module is lifted on a lifting belt 44 using a crane device in order to place it in a predetermined position relative to it. As supports, either vertically installed vertical components of the supporting structure, such as columns 18 or bearing walls, and / or temporary slab supports, for example in the form of braces, are provided. These are removed again after the slab has been fully formed. In the illustrated module, recesses 39 are placed at regular intervals on both longitudinal sides, i.e., in the places where placeholders 33 were previously located. Therefore, there is no concrete in these positions or above the timber recesses 24c. Thermal and / or acoustic insulationmaterial and concrete. Thanks to the eliminated recesses 39, this module can be frictionally connected to adjacent modules on each longitudinal side. It is understood that modules placed end to end do not have any recesses 39 on their end faces. Depending on the intended frictional connection, the module sides can be provided with such recesses 39 to tension one, two, three or four sides of the corresponding module with the adjacent elements.

[0166] In Figure 5i, part of the resulting slab, made up of several abutting modules, is shown. The lifting belts 44 for crane transport have not yet been partially removed. The recesses 39 of adjacent elements now lie opposite each other and together form a common recess 40 (possibly only in the concrete layer 1, but in this case For thermal and / or acoustic insulation through layer 3), so that recesses 24c, which are likewise joined to one another to form a common recess 25, are accessible from above for tensioning of modular wood layer 1. Tensioning means 26a, 26b, 26c are tensioned in recesses 25 of wood layer 1, and the cavities are respectively extended to the lower edge of the adjacent modular concrete layer 4. Thermal and / or acoustic insulation This is advantageous in both cases, as efforts are made to install as little concrete as possible on-site, except for the interruptions required by the longitudinal support elements. For thermal and / or acoustic insulation Layer 3 is realized modularly as a continuous slab layer. Reinforcements 15 are then inserted and connected to those of adjacent modules. In Figure 5i, exposed contact points 35 are clearly visible on wood layer 1, which, after one or more further modules have been connected to it, will form or define an intermediate space 41 at its bottom, which will later be injected with an internal longitudinal support element 8. The modules shown here already contain two intermediate spaces 41 that run perpendicular to each other across their wood layer 1. For thermal and / or acoustic insulation It can be seen that the layers 3 and the concrete layers 4 are continuously spaced apart from one another along their intermediate spaces 41 .

[0167] The longitudinal support element reinforcement 42 is installed in these initially free intermediate spaces 41. The image shown in Figure 5j is obtained. Furthermore, the reinforcing rods 15 emerging from the concrete layer 4 can also be seen in the recesses 40. Such recesses 40 for the frictional connection of adjacent concrete reinforcement 15 after they have been fully installed are separately shown in Figure 5k. Figure 5l shows a typical longitudinal support element reinforcement 42 with tension and compression reinforcement 10, 11 as longitudinal reinforcement. In this plan view, the compression reinforcement 11, among other things, is visible. The longitudinal reinforcement 10, 11 is surrounded by stirrup reinforcement 13. The connecting reinforcement 12 is formed from a bent reinforcing rod and, for space reasons, is inserted horizontally here instead of in the embodiment according to Figure 2a. This connecting reinforcement 12 is frictionally connected to the reinforcing rods 15 emerging from the concrete layer 4 via bell-butt joints 14. The wood-concrete connection means 6 (in this case wood construction screws 6) are not apparent in the figure, and the wood-concrete connection means 6 are introduced into the wood layer 1 in order to form a tight connection of the internal longitudinal support elements 8 which are cast together with the wood sub-slab 1. On the other hand, in one embodiment of the internal longitudinal support elements 8 with steel beam shapes 20, the internal longitudinal support elements 8 are inserted into the intermediate spaces 41 and frictionally connected to the wood layer 1. The still remaining spaces are then closed at the top until they adjoin the lower edge of the adjacent concrete layer 4 flush with the lower edge of the concrete layer 4. Thermal and / or acoustic insulation The reinforcement with connecting reinforcement 12 is then placed in the remaining spaces 41 to be concreted between adjacent concrete layers 4 and frictionally connected to their reinforcement 15.

[0168] The fully reinforced intermediate space 41 is filled with concrete 48 and the recess 40 is smoothed as well, as is done in particular in FIG. 5m. In the recess 40 reaching down to the wood layer 1 Thermal and / or acoustic insulationIf no material is placed, the recesses are completely filled with poured concrete 48. However, this is rather unusual, as the final casting with fresh concrete 48 is kept as low as possible. However, in the case of concrete breaks required for the connection of the slab For thermal and / or acoustic insulation The layers 3 are assembled quasi-continuously on the modules. Here, the internal longitudinal support elements 8 are newly formed, as can be seen in the still-wet concrete 48. In addition, the recesses 40 that are yet to be concreted are shown diagrammatically. As the fresh concrete 48 hardens, a load-bearing wood-concrete composite slab with flat wood elements is formed.

[0169] In any case, the modular manufacturing method for slabs according to the invention is innovative, time-saving, and cost-effective. These advantages are provided by a high degree of prefabrication, which allows large-area composite slabs to be assembled very efficiently. Although the interior longitudinal support elements 8 are here produced exclusively on-site, this is not necessarily the case. In the case of embodiments with interior longitudinal support elements 8 that protrude towards the bottom, it proves advantageous to use prefabricated longitudinal support element components 49. As will be explained later, only the final casting of the longitudinal support elements 8 takes place in cast-in-place concrete 48.

[0170] In other embodiments of the slabs according to the invention that do not have internal longitudinal support elements 8, the relevant method steps are simply omitted. For example, in one variant, the wood-concrete composite slabs according to the invention can be produced modularly from at least two slab modules as composite slabs with high sound insulation but without longitudinal support elements. Due to their layer structure, from bottom to top, first the wood layers 1 are produced in each case, and the shear connectors 9 are fixed therein at their lower ends. Then: For thermal and / or acoustic insulation The layer 3 is formed by at least two layers 3a, 3b, and is made of a relatively high density wood in order to introduce a concentrated mass above the wood layer 1. Thermal and / or acoustic insulationMaterial is introduced into the lower layer 3a, which makes the wood layer 1 load-bearing and therefore vibration-resistant. Thermal and / or acoustic insulation The material is introduced into at least one upper layer 3b. For thermal and / or acoustic insulation Reinforcements 15 are also applied to the concrete layer 4 so that the upper ends of the shear connectors 9 penetrating layer 3 are fixed to the concrete layer 4. In this embodiment, the modules are not frictionally connected via the internal longitudinal support elements 8, so recesses 39 are provided in the concrete layer 4 of at least one module, and the reinforcements 15 emerge from the recesses to be frictionally connected to the reinforcements 15 of the adjacent concrete layer 4. These recesses 39 are then also concreted. It goes without saying that the wood layers 1 of the modules can therefore also be tensioned by friction relative to each other. In this case, the recesses 39 are not only in the concrete layer 4 but also in the concrete layer 4. For thermal and / or acoustic insulation Since layer 3 is also provided, the wood layer 1 to be tensioned is accessible from above for tensioning. The fully formed slab module is then placed in a predetermined position on one or more supports, connected to at least a second slab module as described above, and the recesses 39 are concreted. This method for producing acoustically optimized wood-concrete composite slabs is characterized by high construction and assembly efficiency. Slabs with large spans can, in principle, be produced with such modules in just a few steps.

[0171] Despite their shortcomings, conventional wood-concrete composite slabs also offer good load-bearing reliability. For the following considerations, a distinction is made between the normal case and the fire case. In the normal case, normal construction work is assumed, and different combinations of main loads, additional loads, and special loads are measured in terms of their occurrence probability, their duration, etc. The dimensions of conventional wood-concrete composite slabs achieve a comfortable static reserve that is sufficient even in the event of a fire, which would normally damage the combustible wood layer 1. On the other hand, such wood-concrete composite slabs are advantageous in that they are designed mainly from softwood, such as spruce, and therefore must have a considerable thickness for static reasons. For this reason alone, these wood layers 1 do not immediately fail in the event of a fire. Furthermore, wood decomposes during the combustion process, forming charcoal and combustible gases, and the carbon layer thus formed has very good thermal conductivity compared to wood. Thermal and / or acoustic insulation In this way, the inner wood is protected for a long time from the effects of heat, so that the thick wood layer 1 still provides a sufficient static contribution even in the event of a fire. However, the elongated slab system poses disadvantages here.

[0172] First, adequate fire protection requires that the building's supporting structure remain safe from collapse at least as long as necessary for its complete evacuation. Evacuation times are calculated according to the design and dimensions of the building structure, especially the escape routes, and increase as the number of floors in a building increases. Additionally, from a fire protection perspective, components are usually classified according to their load-bearing and / or fire compartmentation functions. A distinction is also made between linear and planar components. Taking this into account, buildings are equipped with higher or deeper supports. Because the wood layer 1 of a wood-concrete composite slab is combustible and planar, load-bearing components are often criticized for their fire protection technology, even if their static performance is basically sufficient even in the event of a fire. This can usually be improved by sophisticated measures in the planning and dimensioning of escape routes and / or fire-resistant covering of the wood layer, for example, with gypsum board panels. Consequently, precisely in buildings that are regularly subject to high fire protection requirements due to their location, number of floors, and extent, the use of wood-concrete composite slabs with flat wood elements is often inappropriate or ineffective, despite its significant advantages.

[0173] However, the slab system of the present invention can also be used to take advantage of such previously unused applications. This can be achieved in situations where the number of occupants in a building tends toward zero during an evacuation. Therefore, the support structure affected by a fire only needs to withstand approximately 50-60% of the maximum load, not continuously, but only until the evacuation is complete. The wood-concrete composite slab of the present invention can meet this condition thanks to its internal longitudinal support element concept, so that the supporting wood layer 1 is not subject to the requirement for flat load-bearing components. The non-combustible slab support structure or the remaining support structure made of the concrete layer 4 and the internal longitudinal support elements 8 can fully compensate for the absence of the combustible wood layer 1, so that the wood layer 1 does not need to make a static contribution during the critical period. In the event of a fire, a conventional flat wood-concrete composite slab, i.e., the integral load-bearing flat components as a whole, would be damaged, whereas the wood-concrete composite slab of the present invention, by comparison, contains only statically consumable components. This leads in particular to the fact that the wood layer 1 can remain uncovered and therefore remain visibly visible, despite the requirements for flat load-bearing components. An exception are escape routes, which have special requirements beyond static wear and tear. However, in any case, the internal longitudinal support elements 8 create favorable conditions, so that, in principle, fewer or lower fire protection measures need to be provided for the building.

[0174] FIG. 6 shows a schematic support structure concept based on a slab plan for a multi-story or high-rise building using wood-concrete composite slabs according to the present invention. A reinforced load-bearing building core 17, which houses, for example, elevators and / or stairwells, forms the support for the load-bearing walls and the adjacent slabs, as well as vertical columns 18 arranged inside the building along the facade 19. As can be seen, the slabs span the entire area between the core 17 and the facade 19, covering substantial dimensions. At the same time, no load-bearing walls are visible inside the building, except for the building core 17. This is due to the intelligent placement of the interior longitudinal support elements 8, which, inside the building, require only two columns 18 as point supports, while sharing the columns 18 of the facade 19 as external supports and the core 17 as corner supports, thereby ensuring as unobstructed a space as possible. In this case, as explained earlier, the interior longitudinal support elements 8 may be entirely made of reinforced concrete or may comprise steel profiles 20, or these variations may be combined with each other. In this embodiment of the slab according to the invention, the internal longitudinal support elements 8 can be divided into two categories. In the longitudinal direction of the slab plane (horizontal in FIG. 6), the first internal longitudinal support elements 8a are each arranged with one end supported on the building core 17 and the other end supported on the facade columns 18. They are so named because they are essential for the support geometry selected here, both in normal and fire situations. Together with the core 17 and the facade 19, they define four large slab areas. Extending transversely thereto, i.e., vertically in FIG. 6, are the second internal longitudinal support elements 8b, shown hatched. As their name suggests, they are usually of minor importance, since the slab can provide the required load-bearing capacity without their contribution. Typically, the support directions of four large slab areas are shown and distributed throughout the slab, with the primary support direction (the support direction with the greatest stress) of such a large slab area indicated by a large arrow and its secondary support direction (the support direction with lesser stress) indicated by a smaller arrow.The second longitudinal support element 8b normally does not play a crucial or important role in the load transfer of the slab and must therefore be hidden for this purpose, and the slab will support this consideration without the second longitudinal support element.

[0175] Only in the event of fire damage to the wood layer 1, for example due to a failure of the sprinkler system 34, must horizontal load absorption and transmission to the vertical supports 18 be possible across all longitudinal support elements 8a, 8b of the slab, all of which then form an integral part of the remaining support structure. It is crucial here that the slab, including all of the interior longitudinal support elements 8a, 8b, be divided into multiple smaller slab areas, since, according to this static analysis, the second interior longitudinal support element 8b also plays a role in load absorption or load transmission. Therefore, the slab's new primary and secondary support directions also relate to these smaller slab areas, which are not specifically shown here for clarity. As a result, the slab area supported on the active longitudinal support elements 8a, 8b is smaller, so that a relatively thin concrete layer 4 can span the floors over the relevant evacuation period in this cassette slab structure, safe from collapse. The wood layer 1, or at least the relevant parts of it that are at risk of fire, can be considered static, like cladding, during this period. Therefore, the wood layer 1 does not need to be covered in a fire-resistant manner, but instead provides an aesthetically pleasing, continuous, and therefore uninterrupted slab soffit to the interior of the floor. Nevertheless, the wood layer 1 can be painted on the inside or only in some places, for example, if desired for a specific aesthetic purpose or if this is commonly required, for example, along an escape route. In this embodiment, the building core 17 also simultaneously forms an egress route. In any case, thanks to this interior longitudinal support element concept, with the normally statically redundant interior longitudinal support elements 8b, the fire protection requirements for the building can be significantly reduced.

[0176] In other embodiments of the slab according to the invention, the interior longitudinal support elements 8 can also be conceptualized as a temporary static remedy in case of fire. The reverse case of having one or more longitudinal support elements 8 only as the first longitudinal support elements 8 or only as the first interior longitudinal support elements 8 is also conceivable if this is feasible in terms of fire protection. In any case, the stiffness / mass ratio of the slab is optimized by incorporating the interior longitudinal support elements 8 into the normally loaded support structure, as already explained at the beginning, reducing its weight, minimizing its height, and maximizing the number of feasible building floors. The weight fraction of an optimized wood-concrete composite slab distributed on the interior longitudinal support elements 8, 8a, 8b, is only about 10% of the slab weight, or even less. The increased bending stiffness and the associated benefits outweigh this weight in some respects. Therefore, even in normal construction work, it is desirable to statically distribute the loads to be supported on the internal longitudinal support elements 8, 8a, i.e. to design at least some of the internal longitudinal support elements 8a as components of the first support structure.

[0177] The slab plan according to Figure 6 should be understood as merely an exemplary embodiment. The dimensions of the slab, particularly those of the interior longitudinal support elements 8, can of course be adapted to the specific characteristics of each building. In principle, however, the interior longitudinal support elements 8 are distributed so as to follow the slab's force profile and divide the slab into fairly small slab areas. By "wise" here, we mean that the accompanying vertical support of the interior longitudinal support elements 8 is designed to minimize the damage to the building's interior while still providing the slab with sufficient bending stiffness for that purpose. Therefore, the interior longitudinal support elements 8 are advantageously supported solely on columns 18. The term "columns 18" is understood to mean vertically installed elements that absorb and transmit loads primarily in the direction of their longitudinal axis. These only limit the space to a minimum. In any case, the slab plan can be used almost as desired, since non-load-bearing walls would have to be erected or demolished at most.

[0178] Figure 7 shows the support configuration with columns 18 adjacent to the slab at the top and bottom. The cutout of the slab shows the structure as known from Figure 2a, with the reinforcement omitted. However, wood-concrete connecting elements are shown in the form of wood structural screws 6 used here. Where the lower column 18 meets the slab, the wood layer 1 has a recess so that it is flush with the column 18 on all sides. During assembly, the prefabricated slab module is placed on temporary supports around the column 18. Figure 7 shows the separation line of the abutting wood layer 1 of the two slab elements. Internal longitudinal support elements 8 are cast on their open contact surfaces 35 and integrally connect to the lower column 18 at the recess in the wood layer 1. When the cast-in-place concrete 48 hardens, it acts as a support for the slab. Additionally, for effective force transmission, the upper columns 18 are adjacently connected, extending the vertical support structure to the upper floors. Preferably, a plurality of columns 18 are arranged along the interior longitudinal support elements 8. Support structure configurations having interior longitudinal support elements 8 attached to columns 18 at regular intervals along their length are common. In cooperation with these columns 18, the interior longitudinal support elements 8 form a highly efficient support structure grid. Most of the interior of the building remains free of load-bearing planar building structures or is only punctuated at certain points by columns 18.

[0179] In some cases, in order to achieve particularly high bending stiffness, it may be advantageous to increase the cross section of the internal longitudinal support elements, i.e., to make them exceed the height of the slab layer composite. Possibilities for such upward or downward projection of the internal longitudinal support elements 8 from the composite slab are shown below.

[0180] The support configuration according to FIG. 8 is suitable for hollow slabs, i.e., system slab construction types that include cavities for accommodating, for example, electrical connections and telecommunications, sanitary, heating, and ventilation equipment. The cavities 46 simultaneously create space for the cross-sectional expansion of the internal longitudinal support elements 8 beyond the concrete layer 4. Such cross-sectional expansion can occur over the entire length of the internal longitudinal support elements 8 or only locally, for example, in a limited area above the column 18. This proves advantageous, since a mere local protrusion does not create a continuous barrier for cable routing within the cavities 46. The internal longitudinal support elements 8 remain invisible from the outside after their ends are removed. Installation is performed similarly to that described above with reference to FIG. 7, with the additional difference that a concrete formwork adjacent at the top and extending above the composite slab plane is applied in the intermediate space 41 for the cast longitudinal support elements 8, so that the longitudinal support elements 8 protrude from the slab at their top when finally cast. The interior longitudinal support elements 8 are not usually poured all the way up to the sub-slab / screed 23; rather, a gap is reserved for the cable routing, especially if the cable routing is designed as a continuous longitudinal support element. In maximum designs, the interior longitudinal support elements 8 extend all the way up to the sub-slab 23, thus requiring detailed adjustment of the cable routing. In any case, the raised portion emerging from the top of the interior longitudinal support elements 8 can be dimensioned according to the specific situation. If the upper floors are not used, for example on the top floor, the upwardly projecting longitudinal support elements 8 can also project beyond the sub-slab as a step, or the sub-slab 23 can be omitted.

[0181] FIG. 9 shows an internal longitudinal support element 8 emerging from the composite slab at its bottom. Due to its protrusion, the internal longitudinal support element is optically perceptible and resembles a conventional longitudinal support element. This type of longitudinal support element design is particularly suitable when the slab structure does not allow a corresponding protrusion at the top. Such visible embodiments are primarily longitudinal support elements 8a, which are inherently and always essential in terms of statics, and therefore their optical effect is acceptable. For manufacturing or assembly, the support element 49, as shown with uniform hatching in FIG. 9, is advantageously prefabricated as a separate component and supported on the already fabricated columns 18. Then, a similarly prefabricated slab element is placed on the support element 49. For this purpose, the support element 49 forms lower protrusions on both sides that form steps 47, onto which the slab element can be placed. In the final method step, the still free areas above the support members 49 between the concrete layers 4 of the slab modules are filled in situ with concrete 48, so that the upper ends of the inner longitudinal support elements 8 are integrally connected thereto. Advantageously, the concrete layers 4 are For thermal and / or acoustic insulation Above layer 3 one still reserves edge areas which will be filled with concrete in order to particularly rigidly connect the modules to the internal longitudinal support elements 8. For clarity, the final casting of the poured concrete 48 in Figure 9 is hatched differently from the concrete of the prefabricated slab elements and the prefabricated support members 49. It goes without saying that the internal longitudinal support elements 8 which protrude at the bottom can also be finally cast upwards by installing corresponding temporary concrete formwork.

[0182] From a structural standpoint, the downward projection of the internal longitudinal support element 8 may be perceived as optically dominant and therefore undesirable. A remedy is provided by the capital configuration shown in cross section in Figure 10a. This configuration corresponds to the configuration from Figure 9, except that the projection of the internal longitudinal support element 8 does not extend to the same depth along its entire length. Rather, its depth increases toward the column 18, thus optically forming an integral part of the transverse arm of the capital. In Figure 10a, this capital arm extends toward the column 18 behind the sheet plane in the direction viewed from the sheet plane. The inclination of the capital arm relative to the column 18 is indicated by dashed lines oriented obliquely relative to each other.

[0183] Figure 10b shows a view through the section line AA in Figure 10a, so the capital can be seen as the upper end of the lower column 18 in a lateral view. The two capital arms of the interior longitudinal support element 8 each extend away from the column 18 and only over a clearly limited section. The interior extension of the longitudinal support element 8 covered here can continue to or beyond the next support structure. The section line AA for the view shown in Figure 10a above is also depicted, providing information about the viewing direction. However, Figure 10b makes it clear why this variant of the longitudinal support element guide or the embodiment of the protrusion of the interior longitudinal support element 8 can also be advantageous. Instead of a continuously deeper slab section, the slab height is now only affected in the area around the column 18. The longitudinal support element protrusion formed in this way is visually inconspicuous, yet provides crucial bending reinforcement. The interior longitudinal support element 8 is prefabricated based on the support member 49 with capital arms and is installed similarly to the configuration shown in Figure 9.

[0184] In the slab composite according to Fig. 10b, a further internal longitudinal support element 8 is visible transversely to the extension direction of the capital. This is an internal longitudinal support element 8 that is not visible from the outside and is made of cast-in-place concrete 48, integrally formed in the capital at the position of the prefabricated internal longitudinal support element 8 and connected to the capital with appropriate connecting reinforcement 12. Likewise, a purely internally guided longitudinal support element 8 extends on the opposite side of the arrangement shown here.

[0185] Based on the protruding variants of the internal longitudinal support elements 8, it will be shown, for example, how the initially described method for manufacturing slabs can be adapted or modified. The slab manufacturing method can be summarized as follows for both variants of longitudinal support element manufacturing (all on-site or partly prefabricated and partly on-site): A slab according to the invention is assembled from at least two slab modules, which in each case are created with their layer structure, so that, from bottom to top, a wood layer 1 is first manufactured, into which shear connectors 9 are fixed at their lower ends. Then: For thermal and / or acoustic insulation A layer is formed. Preferably, it has at least two layers. Thermal and / or acoustic insulation It is formed by material layers 3a and 3b and has a relatively high density. Thermal and / or acoustic insulation The material is introduced into the lower layer 3a to introduce mass concentratedly above and above the wood layer 1, loading the wood layer 1 and thus making it vibration resistant, while the relatively low density Thermal and / or acoustic insulation The material is introduced into at least one upper layer 3b. The shear connectors 9 are For thermal and / or acoustic insulation The shear connectors 9 are fixed to the concrete layer 4 at their upper ends. After this, the slab modules are placed in their predetermined positions on one or more supports. For this purpose, the two slab modules are either: abutting against each other, thereby forming an intermediate space 41, which is defined at the bottom by a contact surface 35 on at least one wood layer 1 of the slab module, temporarily excluded from material application, and For thermal and / or acoustic insulationIt is laterally bounded by layer 3 and concrete layer 4. Alternatively, the slab modules are supported on: ii. At least one prefabricated support member 49 forming a lower projection and forming steps 47 on either side. Slab modules on the support member 49 are then supported on each of these steps 47. Intermediate spaces 41 between the concrete layers 4 of the modules are left above the support member 49. The reinforcement 42 of the longitudinal support elements is inserted into the intermediate spaces 41 formed according to i. or ii. and connected to the reinforcement 15 of the adjacent concrete layer 4 of the slab module. The intermediate spaces 41 are then filled with concrete 48, the hardening of which completely forms the longitudinal support elements 8 embedded in the composite slab and possibly protruding from the layer composite at the top and / or bottom. For the upper protrusions of the internal longitudinal support elements 8, upwardly extending concrete formwork adjacent to the corresponding intermediate spaces 41 is applied on top, and the resulting expanded spaces 41 are filled with concrete 48. After the concrete 48 has hardened, the concrete formwork is removed again, thereby completely forming the upwardly protruding longitudinal support elements 8.

[0186] The various embodiments demonstrate that the interior longitudinal support elements 8 can be designed in a wide variety of ways, sometimes through aesthetically designed protruding shapes. Protruding interior longitudinal support elements 8 from the slab layer composite allow for even greater flexibility in slab planning and design, since densely spaced vertical supports are not required due to the significant bending reinforcement. On the other hand, it may be desirable to have all interior longitudinal support elements 8 disappear within the slab. In a combined variant, for example, only the first interior longitudinal support element 8a can protrude, while the second longitudinal support element 8b, which in any case makes a negligible static contribution except in the event of a fire, is fully integrated into the slab. In that case, they also have no optical effect as purely temporary elements, which is acceptable for the first interior longitudinal support element 8. The decision as to which interior longitudinal support elements 8 protrude from the slab and where can be architecturally motivated and fully implemented statically. Finally, each building has its own unique style, which is why one or another embodiment variant is better suited accordingly. In any case, the internal longitudinal support elements 8 can be selected individually and, if necessary, different embodiments can be combined with one another, and conventional longitudinal support elements not installed within the slab can also be supplemented as required.

[0187] Figure 11 shows a building 50, here designed as a high-rise building 50a with a total height of 80m. Typically, wood-concrete composite slabs according to the invention are installed on each floor, except for the building core 17, and span each floor. Here, fire and sound insulation requirements are met, as the composite slabs terminate on the inside with a wood layer 1, making them distinctive for the internal structure. By using slabs according to the invention, a total of 28 floors can be achieved in the high-rise building 50a. [Explanation of symbols]

[0188] 1 Flat wood element, wood layer 2 Concrete formwork, dividing surface between concrete and timber support structure 3 For thermal and / or acoustic insulation layer 3a Relatively heavy Thermal and / or acoustic insulation Layers of material 3b Relatively light Thermal and / or acoustic insulation Layers of material 4 concrete layers 5 Timber beams 6 Timber screws connecting elements between wood and concrete 7 Groove, shear channel 8 Internal longitudinal support elements 8a first inner longitudinal support element 8 8b second inner longitudinal support element 8 9 Shear connector, steel pipe 10 Tensile reinforcement of longitudinal support element 8 11 Compression reinforcement of longitudinal support element 8 12 connecting reinforcement for reinforcement 15 of concrete layer 4 on longitudinal support element 8 13 Stirrup reinforcement of longitudinal support element 8 14. Bell butt joint for connecting reinforcements 12 and 15 15 Reinforcement of concrete layer 4, reinforcing rod 16 Side of longitudinal support element 8 17 Supporting Building Core 18 Vertical support column 19 Building facade wall 20 Steel beam sections 21a Upper flange of steel section 20 21b Lower flange of steel section 20 22 Impact sound insulation panel 23 Sub-slab, screed 24 Recesses in wood panels 24a Rear recess 24b A hollow channel through the pristine material 27 in front of the wood panel, in which case the pristine material 27 is not pristine only due to the hollow channel 24b 24c Front recess 25 Common recesses across wood panels 26 Tensioning means 26a Fixture tensioning block, screw head, opposing wedge 26b Connection means for fixtures Threaded rod, tensioning arm 26c Force transmission means sleeve, lever, tensioning wedge 27 Intact material in front of the wood panel, remaining untouched except for hollow channel 24b 28a Rear end face of untouched material 27 in front of the wood panel 28b Edge of untouched material 29 behind the wood panel 29 Pristine material behind the wood panel 30 Recess in wood layer 1 31 Formwork for slab modules 32 Thermal and / or acoustic insulation Film for at least the lateral framing of the material 33 Placeholder 34 Sprinkler System 35 contact surface on wood layer 1 for later formed internal longitudinal support element 8 36-layer separation film 37 Auxiliary frame for modular formwork 31 Stack magazine for 38 slab modules 39 Concrete layer 4 or concrete layer 4 and For thermal and / or acoustic insulation Recesses in Layer 3 40 common recess formed by recess 39 41 Intermediate space for pouring cast-in-place concrete into the inner longitudinal support element 8 42 Reinforcement of longitudinal support elements 43 Measuring Rod 44 Load handling attachments, lifting belts 45 Guide for Load Handling Attachment 44 46 Cavity under hollow core slab 47 steps 48 Prefabricated internal longitudinal support elements 8 cast-in-place concrete 49 Prefabricated support members 50 Buildings 50a High-rise building

Claims

1. A wood-concrete composite slab having a support structure including a concrete component and a wood component connected thereto in a shear-resistant manner; The slab comprises a layer structure (1, 3, 4) comprising, from bottom to top, first a planar wood component capable of bearing tensile loads in the composite of the slab, i.e. a wood layer (1), followed by a layer (3) for thermal and / or acoustic insulation and finally a concrete layer (4), Shear connectors (9) are installed in the composite slab, at least one of which protrudes into both the wood layer (1) and the concrete layer (4), thereby penetrating the thermal and / or acoustic insulation layer (3); The layers of the slab are crossed by at least one longitudinal support element (8), which crosses at least the concrete layer (4) and the thermal and / or acoustic insulation layer (3) and thus extends down to at least the wood layer (1).

2. 2. The wood-concrete composite slab according to claim 1, wherein the at least one longitudinal support element (8) comprises reinforcing steel (10, 11, 12, 13) and / or a steel section (20) having at least one lower flange (21b) as reinforcement (42).

3. 2. The wood-concrete composite slab according to claim 1, wherein said one longitudinal support element (8) or said plurality of longitudinal support elements (8) are dimensioned or sized in terms of their number so that their weight in total constitutes a maximum of 10% of the total slab weight.

4. The wood-concrete composite slab according to claim 1, wherein for a maximum 50% expansion of the composite slab's span, a maximum total length of 9 m of the expanded span, the span-dependent weight increase of the slab does not exceed 10% of the slab weight, and the slab thickness varies by 5-10 cm to ensure greater flexibility in slab planning design.

5. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the wood-concrete composite slab has at least two slab modules, comprising: a) The slab modules are each formed of a layer structure (1, 3, 4), so that, from bottom to top, first the wood layer (1) is produced, in which the shear connectors (9) are fixed at their lower ends, then the layer for thermal and / or acoustic insulation (3) is formed, and finally the concrete layer (4) is applied with its reinforcement (15) so that the upper ends of the shear connectors (9) are fixed to the concrete layer (4); b. placing said slab modules in their predetermined positions on one or more supports; i) the two slab modules abut, thereby forming an intermediate space (41) whose bottom is defined by a contact surface (35) on the wood layer (1) of at least one of the slab modules and whose transverse direction is defined by the thermal and / or acoustic insulation layer and the concrete layers (3, 4); or ii. at least one of said supports is a prefabricated longitudinal support element (49) forming a lower protrusion forming steps (47) on both sides, on each of said steps (47) a slab module is supported on said longitudinal support element (49), leaving an intermediate space (41) between the concrete layers (4) of said slab modules thus supported above said longitudinal support element (49); c. The longitudinal support element reinforcements (4210, 11, 12, 13, 20) are inserted into the intermediate spaces (41) and connected to the adjacent concrete reinforcements (15); d) A manufacturing method in which the intermediate space (41) is filled with concrete (48), the hardening of which results in the complete assembly of the longitudinal support element (8).

6. A wood-concrete composite slab having a support structure comprising a concrete component and a wood component connected thereto in a shear-resistant manner, The slab comprises a layer structure (1, 3, 4) which comprises, from bottom to top, first a planar wood component capable of bearing tensile loads in the composite of the slab, i.e. a wood layer (1), followed by a layer (3) for thermal and / or acoustic insulation and finally a concrete layer (4), Shear connectors (9) are installed in the composite slab, at least one shear connector (9) protruding into both the wood layer (1) and the concrete layer (4), thereby penetrating the thermal and / or acoustic insulation layer (3); the thermal and / or acoustic insulation layer (3) comprises at least two thermal and / or acoustic insulation materials of different densities or specific gravities, the higher density thermal and / or acoustic insulation material being placed or placed directly on the tensile load-bearing wood layer (1) of the slab composite and intended to increase the inertia of the wood layer (1) and act as a vibration damping means, The layer structure (3, 4) of the slab either extends above the slab without longitudinal support elements, or at least one longitudinal support element (8) traverses at least the concrete layer (4) and the thermal and / or acoustic insulation layer (3) and thus extends down to at least the wood layer (1).

7. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the at least two insulating materials for thermal and / or acoustic insulation, which have different densities or specific gravities, are used for sound insulation by vibration damping of the wood layer (1).

8. 7. A method for manufacturing a wood-concrete composite slab according to claim 6, having at least two slab modules, comprising: a) the slab modules are each formed with their layer structure (1, 3, 4), whereby, from bottom to top, the wood layers (1) are first manufactured with the shear connectors (9) fixed thereto at their lower ends; b) the thermal and / or acoustic insulation layer (3) is then formed by first introducing a high density thermal and / or acoustic insulation material intended to increase the inertia of the wood layer (1) and act as a vibration damping means, and then a low density thermal and / or acoustic insulation material is placed on top of the high density thermal and / or acoustic insulation material; c) Finally, the concrete layer (4) is produced with its reinforcement (15) so that the shear connector (9) is fixed at its upper end to the concrete layer (4), the reinforcement (15) protruding from a recess (39) in the concrete layer (4) for connection to at least a second slab module; d) A manufacturing method in which the fully fabricated slab module is placed in a predetermined position on one or more supports, the reinforcement (15) of the adjacent concrete layer (4) is connected to the at least second slab module by a frictional connection, and then the recess (39) is concreted.

9. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the low-density insulating material for thermal and / or acoustic insulation is air.

10. A wood-concrete composite slab having a support structure comprising a concrete component and a wood component connected thereto in a shear-resistant manner; The slab comprises a layer structure (1, 4) which, from bottom to top, initially comprises a planar wood component, i.e. a wood layer (1), capable of bearing tensile loads in the composite of the slab; The wood layer (1) comprises at least two abutting wood panels which are reciprocally tensioned against each other, in each case pressing one wood panel against the other in a direction perpendicular to the dividing plane formed by the abutting connection; in each of the wood panels which are consequently tensioned relative to one another, at least one recess (24; 24a, 24b, 24c) is created by material removal so that the underside of the wood panel remains intact and at least one box-shaped space (24; 24a, 24c) is formed in the wood panel and, together with the recess (24; 24a, 24b, 24c) in the wood panel located on the far side of the dividing plane, forms a passage extending beyond the at least two abutting wood panels, tensioning means (26a, 26b, 26c) are introduced into said passages and fixed at each end to at least one box-shaped space (24; 24a), so that as a result of the tensioning of said tensioning means (26a, 26b, 26c), said at least two abutting wooden panels are mutually tensioned; the mutually tensioned wooden panels remain intact in the area extending from the rear of one of their box-shaped spaces (24) as seen from the dividing plane, or if there are more than one box-shaped space, in the area extending from the rear of their rearmost box-shaped space (24a) in the direction perpendicular to and away from the dividing plane, thereby forming rear intact material (29) for other uses, i.e. no recesses or notches are required for the tensioning of the two abutting wooden panels; A wood-concrete composite slab, wherein the layer structure (3, 4) of the slab either extends without longitudinal support elements on the slab, or, if a layer (3) for thermal and / or acoustic insulation is present, at least one longitudinal support element (8) traverses at least the concrete layer (4) and the layer (3) for thermal and / or acoustic insulation, and consequently extends downwards at least to the wood layer (1).

11. a. in each of said wood panels to be tensioned, said at least one recess (24) is created by material removal so as to form at least one box-shaped space (24; 24a, 24c); b. The wood panels are then placed in abutment, with their recesses (24) forming a recess passageway extending across the two wood panels; c) the tensioning means (26a, 26b, 26c) are introduced into the passage and fixed at each end to the at least one or rear box-shaped space (24; 24a); d) The method for manufacturing a wood-concrete composite slab according to claim 10, wherein the tensioning means (26a, 26b, 26c) are tensioned from above.

12. A building (50) comprising one or more prefabricated wood-concrete composite slabs according to claim 1.

13. A building (50) comprising one or more prefabricated wood-concrete composite slabs according to claim 6.

14. A building (50) comprising one or more prefabricated wood-concrete composite slabs according to claim 9.

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