Systems and methods for active and reversible mitigation of severe storms / hurricanes / typhoons / cyclones

Abstract

A water surface system for tropical storm or hurricane / typhoon / cyclone mitigation, the water surface system comprising one or more floating objects capable of minimizing the increase in water surface temperature due to solar irradiation and water evaporation, and one or more boom-like structures capable of housing the floating objects in a designated area, the designated area being the most frequent source and track of the storm / hurricane / typhoon / cyclone historically for effective mitigation.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 255,503, filed October 14, 2021.

[0002] The present invention relates generally to active hurricane / typhoon / cyclone mitigation, and more specifically, but not exclusively, to the selective placement of ocean surface structures and structures on the ocean surface in the path of the Saharan Desert Low Pressure Trough Jet west of the coasts of Senegal and Mauritania, and in the source and path of tropical storms and hurricanes / typhoons / cyclones, and has several advantages: (1) Proactively done by placing said ocean surface structure(s) in the selected location(s) before the onset of the hurricane / typhoon / cyclone season; (2) Cost-affordable; (3) Logistically feasible; (4) Safer and easier to monitor the design and maintain its operation; (5) Reversible. Once tropical storms, hurricanes, typhoons and cyclones weaken, the calmer ocean surface may be more suitable for building floating solar power plants that can better utilize the solar irradiation of the ocean surface. [Background technology]

[0003] Global warming is expected to increase the annual number of tropical storms and hurricanes / typhoons / cyclones, as well as their strength and intensity. Taking the Atlantic region as an example, in 2020 the United States experienced a record number of 30 storms with maximum wind speeds exceeding 39 mph, 13 of which became hurricanes with wind speeds exceeding 74 miles per hour.

[0004] The number of homes in the United States that could be affected by a Category 1 hurricane exceeds 800,000. For a Category 5 hurricane, this number exceeds 7 million. Estimated insured losses were approximately $85 billion for Hurricane Katrina alone in 2005, and moderate insured losses were approximately $12 billion for Hurricane Ivan alone in 2004. Thus, on average, it is a reasonable estimate that property damage, not including loss of life, associated with each year's tropical storms and hurricanes amounts to tens to hundreds of billions in the United States alone.

[0005] Many mitigation methods or attempts to weaken hurricanes have been proposed in patents and patent publications. In general, there are three approaches: 1) Post-emergence approach - destroying or reducing the strength or redirecting the hurricane; 2) Semi-active approach - allowing the tropical cyclone to dissipate after it has formed; and 3) Active approach - preventing the formation of a hurricane.

[0006] David B. Romanoff (US Pat. No. 5,999,336) proposed using liquid or solid nitrogen to cool the storm by dropping material from the top of the storm into the storm. Without knowing exactly when a hurricane / typhoon / cyclone would strike, a huge stockpile of raw materials and a fleet of aircraft would need to be prepared for this mitigation operation. The power of a hurricane / typhoon / cyclone can be equivalent to the power of hundreds of hydrogen bombs, so the amount of liquid or solid nitrogen required to cool the hurricane / typhoon / cyclone would be enormous. This would make the logistics of mitigation execution nearly impossible.

[0007] Lawrence Sirovich (Patent Document 2) proposed to use submarines with steep faces and / or fins to mix the upper layer of a section of water with the lower part of the water to modify a tropical storm or hurricane. By coordinating several submarines to cross the tropical storm area or to cross in advance of the hurricane, the cooled water reduces the amount of thermal energy available to drive the storm's strength and movement. A typical radius for a hurricane / typhoon / cyclone may be about 150 miles in radius. This proposal would require nearly every submarine in the world to participate in this operation.

[0008] Boris Feldman (US Pat. No. 5,393,633) recommended injecting small energy-transforming particles, such as snowflakes, into hurricanes to reduce their energy. Manilal J. Salva and Vishal T. Shah (US Pat. No. 5,393,633) proposed flying jet planes with afterburners in their structures. Small changes in temperature on a large scale result in large changes in other variables on smaller scales, altering the direction and strength of the hurricane.

[0009] Brian P. Sandler (Patent Document 5) proposed using a vessel consisting of a lower section with four submerged torpedo shaped hulls and a V-shaped upper section with three fan tubes stacked vertically on either side of the V. The machine was placed on the eye wall of the hurricane near the eye of the hurricane. The machine mechanically blew air from the eye wall into the eye, bending the eye wall and diverting it back into the eye. The machine slows down the air within the eye wall, and the low pressure in the eye sucks in the air. No low pressure equals no circulation. No circulation equals no hurricane. This is a very dangerous ploy at best.

[0010] Jeffrey A. Bower et al. (Patent Document 6) proposed a proactive method to mitigate hurricanes. The method is generally described as environmental modification. The method includes determining a configuration of at least one vessel capable of moving water to a lower depth in the water by wave-induced downwelling. The method also includes disposing the at least one vessel in the determined configuration. Furthermore, the method includes generating a movement of water adjacent to the surface in response to the configuration. By pumping cooler water from the deeper parts of the ocean to the surface and disposing warmer water from the surface to the deeper parts of the ocean, the surface water can be cooled below 26.5°C so that tropical storms or hurricanes do not occur. Deep ocean has a high concentration of CO2, and therefore this can increase the acidity of the seawater. This operation also requires a fleet of vessels and a huge amount of high-speed water pumps. This is a high-cost maneuver. Stopping the development of tropical storms or hurricanes / typhoons / cyclones minimizes the number of casualties associated with high winds and heavy rains, but is crucial for agriculture, ecosystems, and wildfire prevention. As a result, it is desirable to have a storm or hurricane / typhoon / cyclone mitigation method that can not only actively control the size and force of a storm or hurricane / typhoon / cyclone, but also reverse the mitigation whenever it becomes excessive, if necessary. Since storm or hurricane / typhoon / cyclone mitigation operations are a daunting task due to the magnitude of this natural power, any operation that requires a sustained input of large amounts of mechanical power and materials, in addition to logistical constraints, is costly. Therefore, any fixed-cost method that can last for 20 to 40 years without sustained very high inputs of chemicals, energy, fleets of aircraft, or fleets of ships or submarines is a desirable low-cost operation. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0011] [Patent Document 1] US Patent Application Publication No. 2010 / 0264230 [Patent Document 2] US Patent Application Publication No. 2013 / 0008365 [Patent Document 3] US Patent Application Publication No. 2010 / 0270389 [Patent Document 4] US Patent Application Publication No. 2010 / 0072297 [Patent Document 5] US Patent Application Publication No. 2008 / 0047480 [Patent Document 6] U.S. Patent No. 8,685,254 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0012] The present invention generally relates to selectively installing extensive shielding in tropical oceans to minimize evaporation of ocean water from the hot sun at source locations and along tracks where tropical storms and hurricanes / typhoons / cyclones frequently occur. For example, based on the history of tropical storms and hurricanes over the past century, the Atlantic Ocean has locations where hurricanes most frequently occur and the most common tracks of these hurricanes in tropical oceans. Source locations of tropical storms on the ocean include, but are not limited to, near Cape Verde both west and south, as well as their westward tracks from source to Puerto Rico, Antigua and Barbuda, east of Guadeloupe, as shown in FIG. 1. The westward Saharan Desert Jet Stream moves these storms and hurricanes westward to Central and North America. By proactively installing ocean surface structures along source locations and tracks of the westward Saharan Desert Low pressure jet prior to hurricane season, the system enables a proactive approach to weaken or mitigate tropical storms and hurricanes. Of course, from year to year, there are tropical storms and hurricanes / typhoons that occur in some specific areas that were not predicted by our projections based on statistical data. However, by adding these statistically unlikely source locations and additional aggressive tropical ocean structures along their paths, the success rate of aggressively mitigating dangerous tropical storms and hurricanes / typhoons / cyclones each year increases. [Means for solving the problem]

[0013] This vast shelter, or ocean surface structure, may include: 1) an assembly of floating objects or objects with or without thermal insulation properties and / or with or without solar reflecting properties that may generate cool shade and allow moisture condensation, water from high waves, or rainwater to drain or drip into the ocean. 2) an assembly of floating boom-like designs with or without thermal insulation features to insulate heat from the surrounding warm ocean surface water outside the boom-like design assembly to the water on the inside surface of the boom-like design assembly. This boom-like design may also enclose the floating object to prevent it from being blown off by high winds or washed out of the boom closure by high tides. This boom-like design may also have anchoring, mooring, or dynamic positioning capabilities, or a combination thereof. Other designs may include one or more floating structures with a high roof-like design to avoid high wave impact and a low freeboard to minimize wave and wind pulling forces. The floater design of the floating structure may be spherical or cylindrical in shape and may rotate freely under impact forces from wind and waves. The rotational energy may be further converted into electrical energy. Tugboat(s) or tug-like towing boat(s) and / or towboat(s) or tow-like towing boat(s) may be added to the boom-like structure or floating structure. The boats may be equipped with GPS and / or DGPS (differential GPS) for coordinating the position of the floating object and / or the floating structure assembly.

[0014] By adjusting the surface coverage of floating objects over the target ocean surface area, the degree of control of tropical storm or hurricane / typhoon / cyclone generation can be adjusted.

[0015] These ocean surface structures can be constructed first over the ocean surface where tropical storm and hurricane / typhoon sources are most likely to occur. They can also be added over the track paths to increase mitigation effectiveness. They can also be added over the ocean surface below the track of the cyclonic trough of the Saharan jet west of Senegal and Mauritania. They can then be constructed over the ocean surface where tropical storm and hurricane / typhoon / cyclone sources and tracks are second most likely to occur.

[0016] This incremental construction approach would allow tropical storms and hurricanes / typhoons / cyclones to be mitigated at an affordable cost, and would allow the rate of damage from tropical cyclones to be incrementally reduced year by year, assuming humans gain some control over global warming. This is similar to how humans built the ancient Great Wall in China and Rome in Italy. Ocean structures can also be built more selectively in their size and location, and in their degree of control over water evaporation rates, so that hurricanes / typhoons / cyclones are weakened to bring less rain and weaker winds towards the land and ocean structures. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0017] [Figure 1] This map shows the main tropical cyclone zones, their sources, and tracks.

[0018] Other advantages and features will become apparent from the following description and from the claims. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0019] The devices and methods discussed herein are merely illustrative of specific ways to make and use the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope.

[0020] Although the devices and methods have been described in some detail, it should be noted that many modifications can be made in the details of construction and arrangement of the devices and components without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure, and it should be understood that the devices and methods are not limited to the embodiments described herein for illustrative purposes.

[0021] In general, in a first aspect, the present invention relates to an offshore structure designed to mitigate tropical storms and hurricanes / typhoons / cyclones and has several advantages: 1) it is proactive; 2) it is affordable; 3) it is safer and easier to monitor the design and maintain its operation; 4) it is logistically feasible; and 5) it is reversible.

[0022] For a tropical cyclone to develop, the temperature of ocean water from 50 meters below sea level to the surface must be greater than 26.5C. Moist air and the rotation of the Earth are also necessary. This is why the majority of tropical storms and hurricanes / typhoons / cyclones occur in the summer months. Since the rotation of the Earth cannot be stopped, preventing ocean water from heating above 26.5C and minimizing ocean evaporation in the locations where tropical storms and hurricanes / typhoons / cyclones most frequently occur and along their paths are possible ways to prevent them from developing or to mitigate their frequency, strength, and path.

[0023] The offshore structures discussed herein are merely illustrative of specific designs and should not be construed as limiting in scope. It should be noted that while the structures have been described in some detail, many modifications can be made in the details of the construction and arrangement devices and components without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. It should be understood that the structures and components are not limited to the embodiments described herein for illustrative purposes.

[0024] This vast enclosure or ocean surface structure may include: 1) an assembly of floating objects with or without thermal insulation properties and / or with or without solar reflecting properties that may allow moisture condensation, water from high waves, or rainwater to drain or drip into the ocean. 2) an assembly of floating boom-like designs with or without thermal insulation or solar reflecting features to insulate heat from the surrounding warm ocean surface water outside the boom-like design assembly to the water on the inside surface of the boom-like design assembly. This boom-like design may also enclose the floating object to prevent it from being blown away by high winds or washed out of the boom enclosure by high tides. This boom-like design may also have anchoring, mooring, or dynamic positioning capabilities, or any combination thereof.

[0025] The degree of control over tropical storm or hurricane / typhoon / cyclone generation can be adjusted by adjusting the surface coverage of floating objects, or the surface coverage of the hurricane / typhoon / cyclone path or track, or both.

[0026] These ocean surface structures at selected locations can be implemented before the tropical storm and hurricane / typhoon / cyclone season begins, thus significantly reducing the safety risks associated with implementing mitigation operations around or at the center of a tropical storm or hurricane / typhoon / cyclone eye. This can also be achieved by installing said surface structures near the path and track of the hurricane / typhoon / cyclone and then moving the surface structures into the path and track. This can avoid head-on collision of the surface structures with the high winds and high waves of the storm or hurricane / typhoon / cyclone during installation. This also reduces the high inventory stress associated with raw material and tooling supply. Rather than working to mitigate storms or hurricanes / typhoon / cyclones in a short period of time, such as weeks after they occur, the present invention allows for proactive preparations over months to years to mitigate storms or hurricanes / typhoon / cyclones. This can also be achieved by installing the surface structure near the path and track of the hurricane / typhoon / cyclone and then moving the surface structure into the path and track, thereby avoiding head-on collision of the surface structure with the strong winds and high waves of the storm or hurricane / typhoon / cyclone during installation.

[0027] Video monitors may be placed to monitor the integrity of the surface structure and to ensure safety and timely repairs. Flags and visible night lights may also be placed at or near the site of the surface structure for ownership and safety communications to any moving objects, such as vessels or aircraft approaching the surface structure. Caution signs may also be placed at or near the site of the surface structure for safety.

[0028] The ocean surface structures can be constructed first on the ocean surface along the most frequent sources and tracks of tropical storms and hurricanes / typhoons / cyclones. They can then be constructed on the ocean surface along the second most frequent sources and tracks of tropical storms and hurricanes / typhoons / cyclones. They can also include on the ocean surface under the track of the cyclonic trough of the Saharan Desert Jet west of the coasts of Senegal and Mauritania.

[0029] It is estimated that these huge ocean shields, consisting of solar shielding and / or solar reflecting floating objects and / or structures, can reflect up to 1% of the total solar irradiance energy into tropical oceans. As a result, the floating objects and / or structures can not only minimize the evaporation of seawater, but also absorb the sunlight and turn them into stored electrical energy. This can be a great advantage. The installation of floating ocean structures with solar power plants can enable users to supply the entire world's utility and electric vehicle energy needs, reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the burning of fossil fuels, mitigate global warming, and also achieve a reduction in the frequency and intensity of storms and hurricanes / typhoons / cyclones.

[0030] The floating objects / structures may include solar panels, foam, plastic, rubber, bamboo, fabric, wood, other materials obtained from nature, artificial islands, recycled materials such as bottles, metal materials, or any combination thereof.

[0031] The design of the floating object / structure can be shaped such that moisture condensation, rain, or seawater that impinges on the object can drain and flow into the ocean. This shape can allow the object to be tightly packed to minimize evaporation of surface seawater and solar energy that heats the seawater. For example, the object can include a urethane foam sheet with or without a surface solar reflective material that can allow for the drainage of rain or seawater depending on its surface contour design. Additionally or alternatively, the object can include a foam tube with a surface contour for drainage, a ping pong ball, a basketball, a beach ball, a bamboo tube or stick, a metal drum, a plastic drum, a wooden barrel, a rubber boat, or any combination thereof. All materials mentioned can also include the option to be inflatable if this can reduce transportation and material costs.

[0032] When spherical balls are used, bimodal or multimodal ball sizes can be used to increase the degree of packing density. Other floating objects with specially designed shapes, such as Hexaprotect Aqua Tiles, can also be used if they have a surface contour design for drainage. The floating objects may also include composite materials with air as part of the material to float like a ball, or water as a filler to increase the density of the lightweight object to avoid it being blown away. Floating solar panels can include tetrahedral, polyhedral, or spherical structures with micro solar cells for drainage purposes.

[0033] This phased ocean water construction approach could allow tropical storms and hurricanes / typhoons to be mitigated at an affordable cost, and assuming humans gain some control over global warming, it would be possible to gradually lower the rate of damage caused by tropical cyclones year by year. This is similar to building the Great Wall of China or Rome, as it would take many years to achieve the goal.

[0034] Possible locations of the ocean surface structure include the vicinity of both the west (centered at 16.4°N, 27.8°W) and south (centered at 13.3°N, 23.9°W) of Cape Verde, the vicinity of the ocean surface centered at 21.0°N and 90.0°W north of Merida, Mexico, the vicinity of the ocean surface centered at 14°N and 100°W west of Mexico City, Mexico, the vicinity of the ocean surface centered at 14.7°N and 137.5°E, and the westward typhoon path until it reaches the Philippines, and the vicinity of the centered at 10°N and 123.8°E west of Iloilo, Philippines. the ocean surface centered at 8.0°N, 90.0°E east of Sri Lanka; the ocean surface centered at 10.0°N, 71.4°E west of Kochi, India; the ocean surface centered at 5.0°S, 152.3°E in the Bismarck Sea; the ocean surface centered at 9.6°S, 140.0°E in the Arafura Sea; or any other desired location including ocean waters under the path of the Saharan Desert Jet cyclonic trough, under the path of the Saharan Desert Jet cyclonic trough west of the coasts of Senegal and / or Mauritania. Embodiment

[0035] An insulated polyethylene plastic water container was used in this study to test the concept of shielding. The concept of shielding is to use one or more floating objects to cover the surface of the water from being heated by the sun. The floating objects also minimize the evaporation of water into the air, as measured by the weight loss of the water in the container.

[0036] Water temperature was measured by two thermocouples, one near the bottom and one near the surface, after exposing uncovered water or water covered with floating objects to sunlight for extended periods at noon, which was determined by the shape and position of tree shadows under the sun.

[0037] Example 1: A 5.75" x 5.75" insulated polyethylene container was placed on a digital balance. The container was filled with 0.595 lbs of warm water (approximately 60C). The weight loss of the water as a function of time was recorded to assess the rate of water evaporation associated with the warm, humid air available to generate a tropical hurricane / typhoon. The reason for the starting temperature of 60C was to accelerate the rate of water evaporation to reduce the time required for this study.

[0038] As shown in Table 1, with the surface of the water completely open to the air, approximately 0.25 pounds of water evaporated in 26 minutes at an indoor relative humidity of 56 degrees. [Table 1]

[0039] When the study was done all the same except using floating urethane foam tubes covering over 98% of the water surface, the water evaporation rate dropped to 0.010 pounds in 30 minutes. This suggests that when the ocean water surface is covered with floating objects, the rate of seawater evaporation drops and so does the level of warm, moist air above the water surface. At 25C, the saturated water vapor pressure is 23.76mmHg and at 30C, the saturated water pressure is 31.86mmHg, 1.34 times higher than at 25C. The relative water evaporation rate without the urethane foam tube is about 2.5 times higher than with the urethane foam tube at over 98% water surface coverage. In an open environment like air over seawater, the surface covering method is expected to be enough to reduce the critical amount of warm moisture needed to aid in the development of a storm or hurricane / typhoon / cyclone. The saturated water vapor level at 26.5C vs. the saturated water vapor level at 25C should be less than 1.34.

[0040] Since warm and moist air acts like a fuel that helps a storm or hurricane / typhoon / cyclone grow larger and with faster wind speeds, the reduction of this warm and moist air by the surface covering structure can weaken the growth of the storm or hurricane / typhoon / cyclone.

[0041] Example 2: All of the following studies were conducted simultaneously to minimize the effects of differences in solar irradiation, outdoor temperature, wind speed, or humidity. As shown in Table 2, increasing the water surface coverage by floating objects not only reduced the water evaporation rate, but also reduced the water heating rate due to solar irradiation. [Table 2]

[0042] Example 3: Two insulated polyethylene containers were filled with 17.70 lbs of water each. One was covered 100% with ½ inch Styron foam sheeting and the other was covered 100% with ½ inch Styron foam sheeting with an aluminum foil top layer for solar reflection. The thermally conductive aluminum foil was not in contact with the water. At noon, the ambient temperature was 89F. It was sunny and windless.

[0043] As shown in Table 3, the insulating foam with solar reflective aluminum sheeting provides better insulation against the heating of water by the hot sun. [Table 3]

[0044] The Saharan jet, after leaving the west coast of Africa, typically begins to generate tropical storms after traveling over warm waters for about 590 miles in mid-summer, a location near Cape Verde where tropical storms originate. By placing a surface structure of about 100 miles by 300 miles at this particular location, it is expected to attenuate tropical storm formation. As the westward Saharan jet continues to move toward Puerto Rico, surface structures can be placed at intervals of 350 miles from the initial surface structure, or at any other desired interval, to avoid the formation of strong tropical storms and hurricanes.

[0045] Example 4: Two insulated polyethylene containers were filled with 17.70 lbs of water each. One was placed under the shade of a 4 ft (width) x 8 ft (height) solar panel of a photovoltaic system. The solar panel was placed facing south at a 45 degree tilt angle. The other was placed in the sun with no shade. Both were 4 feet apart. The outdoor temperature was 97F and the relative humidity was 36 degrees. The wind detected was a light breeze.

[0046] As shown in Table 4, the solar panels provided effective solar shading for the water to keep it from getting warm. Thus, for example, on the ridges of the floating platform, solar panels, for example, facing south, can be placed, and water-repellent fabric or sun-reflective galvalume sheeting, for example, facing north, can be placed, to minimize the ocean water from getting too hot from the scorching sun. Photovoltaic systems based on solar panels also convert solar energy into green electrical energy in addition to providing cool shade, to minimize the ocean water from getting too hot, resulting in hurricanes. Floating marine solar power plants can then be installed from ridge to ridge to provide shade over the huge ocean water surface. In the low profile where hurricanes and typhoons are most likely to occur, the solar panels can be placed on the floating platform at a tilt angle close to zero. [Table 4]

[0047] In the following Example 5, two insulated polyethylene containers were filled with 122F warm water. The surface of each container was covered with a stretch fabric (1.5mm thick nylon / SBR / nylon). The weight of each container was then monitored over a 24 minute period. As shown in Table 5, the fabric shield can reduce the water vapor transmission rate by approximately 2.66 times.

[0048] The fabric's use as a sunshade or vapor barrier material can speed up the installation of the necessary surface structures. The stretch properties also provide a structure that can withstand the forces of ocean swells. [Table 5]

[0049] Although the devices and methods have been described herein with reference to the drawings and claims, it will be understood that other and further modifications aside from those shown or suggested herein may be made within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

1. 1. A water surface system for tropical storm or hurricane / typhoon / cyclone mitigation, comprising: one or more floating objects capable of minimizing the increase in water surface temperature due to solar irradiation and water evaporation; 1. A surface system comprising one or more boom-like floating structures and / or one or more tugboats and / or towboats, the one or more boom-like floating structures and / or one or more tugboats and / or towboats capable of accommodating said floating object in a designated area.

2. 10. The water surface system of claim 1, wherein the designated area comprises the ocean region under the path of the Sahara Desert Jet cyclonic trough west of the coasts of Senegal and Mauritania and / or the most frequent sources and paths of historically occurring storms / hurricanes / typhoons / cyclones.

3. The water surface system of claim 1 , wherein said floating object has a reflective upper surface.

4. 10. The water surface system of claim 1, further comprising one or more visual monitors.

5. 10. The water surface system of claim 1, further comprising one or more flags capable of identifying property ownership.

6. 10. The surface system of claim 1, further comprising one or more warning devices comprising one or more warning signs, audio warning systems, light warning systems, or combinations thereof.

7. 10. The water surface system of claim 1, further comprising one or more lighting devices.

8. 10. The surface system of claim 1, further comprising one or more GPS (Global Positioning Systems) and / or DGPS (Differential Global Positioning Systems) for keeping said surface system in said designated area, and AI technology with one or more cyber protection devices.

9. 10. The surface system of claim 1, further comprising one or more security stations manned by security personnel, with or without at least one drone, capable of patrolling to ward off intruders such as animals and pirates.

10. 10. The water surface system of claim 1, wherein the designated area is a location where a tropical storm or hurricane / typhoon / cyclone is most likely to form or move based on tropical storm / hurricane / typhoon / cyclone statistics.

11. The water surface system of claim 1 , wherein the floating object comprises an object having a drainage formation.

12. 10. The water surface system of claim 1, wherein the floating object comprises a shade-generating and / or sun-reflecting marine surface cover made from foam, metal, fabric, plastic, thermoplastic, fiberglass, thermoset, rubber, asphalt, carbon fiber, bamboo, wood, ceramic, composite materials, solar panels, natural products, or any combination thereof.

13. 10. The water surface system of claim 1, wherein the floating object comprises a tube, a ball, a rod, a trunk, a drum, a barrel, a sheet, an inflatable sheet, a mat, an inflatable mat, a rubber boat, an inflatable rubber boat, a screen wire, a floating deck, a floating photovoltaic system, a boat, a ship, a floating deck, or a combination thereof.

14. 10. The water surface system of claim 9, wherein said floating object comprises a bimodal or multimodal spherical ball.

15. 10. The water surface system of claim 1, wherein the floating object comprises a hollow foam tube with filler, a hollow foam tube without filler, a hollow box of any shape with filler, a hollow box of any shape without filler, or a combination thereof.

16. The water surface system of claim 1 , wherein said floating objects comprise algae.

17. 10. The water surface system of claim 1, wherein said floating objects are partially or fully reversibly interconnectable.

18. 10. The water surface system of claim 1, wherein said boom-like floating structures are partially or fully reversibly interconnectable.

19. 10. The water surface system of claim 1, wherein said floating object and said boom-like floating structure are partially or fully reversibly interconnectable.

20. The surface system of claim 1 , further comprising an anchoring, mooring, or dynamic positioning device, or any combination thereof, connected to said boom-like floating structure.

21. The surface system of claim 1 , further comprising one or more tugboats and / or towboats connected to the boom-like floating structure.

22. 10. The surface system of claim 1, further comprising one or more pumps capable of drawing cold water from deep tropical ocean waters and spraying said cold water around an ocean surface located in said designated area.

23. The water surface system of claim 22, further comprising one or more fleets of large vessels housing the pumps and equipped with one or more cold water storage structures, and a fleet equipped with a water storage device capable of drawing the cold water from the fleet equipped with cold water storage structures and a fleet equipped with high performance water cannons capable of spraying the cold water around the designated area.

24. 23. The surface system of claim 22, wherein the pump is located between two adjacent surface water systems, west of a surface system, east of a surface system, or a combination thereof.

25. a photovoltaic system on said floating object and / or boom-like floating structure; and one or more electrical cables capable of connecting the photovoltaic system to at least one power grid.

10. The water surface system of claim 1.

26. a photovoltaic system on said floating object and / or boom-like floating structure; further comprising one or more container ships equipped with photovoltaic generators capable of storing electrical energy generated from the photovoltaic system; 10. The water surface system of claim 1.

27. 10. The water surface system of claim 1, further comprising one or more channels capable of dividing said boom-like floating structure to allow for vessel traffic and facilitate maintenance of said water surface system.

28. 10. The water surface system of claim 1, further comprising one or more surface floats capable of generating electrical energy through the force of ocean swells.

29. 2. The water surface system of claim 1, wherein the boom-like floating structure comprises a net-connected floater that can prevent the floating object from leaving the designated area and lower the freeboard of the boom-like floating structure.

30. 10. The water surface system of claim 1, wherein said boom-like floating structure is equipped with at least one robot capable of cleaning up trash and bird droppings on a daily basis as needed.

31. 7. The water surface system of claim 6, wherein said audio warning system includes a sound capable of scaring birds away.

32. 18. The water surface system of claim 17, further comprising a tool capable of reversibly interconnecting said floating objects in whole or in part, said tool comprising an elastic material.

33. 33. The water surface system of claim 32, wherein said stretchable material comprises a coil, a band, a buckle, or any combination thereof.

34. 20. The water surface system of claim 18, further comprising a tool capable of reversibly interconnecting said boom-like floating structures in whole or in part, said tool comprising an elastic material.

35. 35. The water surface system of claim 34, wherein said stretchable material comprises coils, bands, buckles, or any combination thereof.

36. 10. The water surface system of claim 1, wherein said water surface system can be constructed outside said designated area to avoid head-on collision with a storm / hurricane / typhoon / cyclone during construction and then moved to said designated area.

37. 10. The water surface system of claim 1, further comprising at least one lightning rod.

38. 10. The water surface system of claim 1, wherein the boom-like floating structure comprises at least one drone equipped with at least one visual and / or thermal camera capable of detecting damage to the solar panels and intruders such as, for example, birds, marine animals, and pirates.

39. 10. The water surface system of claim 1, wherein said water surface system can be constructed outside a designated area to avoid impact with storms or hurricanes / typhoons / cyclones during construction and then moved to said designated area.

40. 14. The water surface system of claim 13, wherein said floating photovoltaic system comprises solar panels that are water repellent and have a slippery coating that allows water and debris to slide easily off the solar panel surface.

41. 1. A method for collecting solar energy in an area of ​​strong solar radiation at sea, comprising:

1. Installing a water surface system to minimize threats from high winds and waves, said water surface system comprising: one or more floating objects capable of minimizing the increase in water surface temperature due to solar irradiation and water evaporation; providing one or more boom-like floating structures and / or one or more tugboats and / or tug-like towing boats and / or towboats and / or tow-like towing boats, capable of accommodating said floating object in a designated area; 1. A method comprising: installing a floating solar power plant on water with strong solar irradiation to collect solar energy; and transmitting the collected solar energy via an inverter to an electric cable connected to a power grid; and / or transmitting the collected solar energy via an inverter to a power grid by at least one vessel equipped with a storage battery.

42. Strong solar radiation: 3.0 kWh / m ２ 42. The method of claim 41 , wherein the number of nuclei is 1 or more.

43. 43. The method of claim 42, wherein the solar panels of the floating solar power plant are treated with a slippery coating that is water repellent and allows water and debris to easily slide off the surface of the solar panels.

Images