Liquid crystal display device

Abstract

To provide a high-quality liquid crystal display device that excels in viewing angle characteristics.SOLUTION: The present invention comprises a first switch 111, a second switch 112, a third switch 113 which is controlled at different timing from the first and the second switches, a first resistor 114, a second resistor 115, and a pixel including a first liquid crystal element 121 and a second liquid crystal element 122. A pixel electrode of the first liquid crystal element is electrically connected to a signal line 116 via the first switch, the pixel electrode of the first liquid crystal element is electrically connected to a pixel electrode of the second liquid crystal element via the second switch and the first resistor, the pixel electrode of the second liquid crystal element is electrically connected to a Cs line 119 via the third switch and the second resistor, and a common electrode of the first liquid crystal element is electrically connected to a common electrode of the second liquid crystal element. It is possible to obtain high-quality display having superior viewing angle characteristics by inputting a potential corresponding to a pixel grayscale to the signal line.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an article, a method, or a method for producing an article, in particular a display device or a semiconductor The present invention also relates to an electronic device having the display device in its display section. [Background technology]

[0002] Liquid crystal display devices are used in many electronic products such as mobile phones and television sets. Much research is being done to achieve even higher quality.

[0003] Liquid crystal display devices are smaller and lighter than CRTs (cathode ray tubes), and consume less power. While it has these advantages, it also has the problem of a narrow viewing angle. In order to improve this, many studies have been conducted on the multi-domain method, i.e., the orientation division method. For example, the VA method (Vertical Alignment) with multi-domain MVA (Multi-domain Vertical Alignment) method that combines Multi-domain vertical alignment method) and PVA method (Patterned Vertical Alignment (pattern type vertical alignment method).

[0004] In addition, one pixel is divided into a plurality of sub-pixels, and the alignment state of the liquid crystal in each sub-pixel is changed. Research is also being conducted to improve the viewing angle by increasing the viewing angle (Patent Document 1). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-276582 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] However, its viewing angle characteristics are not sufficient, and further improvement is required as a display device. Therefore, the present invention provides a display device with superior viewing angle characteristics and higher quality. The goal is to:

[0007] An equivalent circuit diagram of one pixel of the liquid crystal display device described in Patent Document 1 is shown in FIG. The pixel shown in FIG. 4 includes a TFT 30, a liquid crystal capacitor L1, a liquid crystal capacitor L2, a storage capacitor C1, and a storage capacitor C2, which is connected to the scanning lines 3a and the data lines (signal lines) 6a.

[0008] Although liquid crystals exhibit voltage retention characteristics, the retention rate is not 100%. In the pixel shown in Figure 84, if leakage occurs, In the part enclosed by the storage capacitor C1, the storage capacitor C2, and the liquid crystal capacitor L2 in the gate 11, The state in which the potential was kept constant due to the law of conservation of charge is lost, and the potential of node 11 becomes The potential of the liquid crystal capacitor L2 is far removed from the initial state before the The transmittance is determined by the image signal written to the data line 6a, that is, the potential according to the gradation. As a result, the desired gradation cannot be obtained and the image quality deteriorates. In this way, the display quality gradually deteriorates over time. This shortens the lifespan of a display device that displays black, especially in a normally black mode. This results in a decrease in contrast.

[0009] In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to realize a wide viewing angle display. The object of the present invention is to provide a display device with excellent reliability. The objective is to provide a device that is less susceptible to noise and produces a clear display. The object of the present invention is to provide a display device that can display images in a wide range of colors. The object is to provide a display device. Alternatively, the object is to provide a display device having an excellent product life. The following are the challenges. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] One aspect of the present invention is a first switch and a second switch controlled by a first scanning line, a third switch controlled by the first and second scanning lines; a first resistor; a pixel including a second resistor, a first liquid crystal element, and a second liquid crystal element, Each of the first and second liquid crystal elements includes at least a pixel electrode, a common electrode, and a The pixel electrode of the first liquid crystal element is configured by the liquid crystal controlled by the common electrode. A pixel electrode of the first liquid crystal element is electrically connected to a first wiring through a first switch. a voltage is applied to the pixel electrode of the second liquid crystal element through the second switch and the first resistor; The pixel electrode of the second liquid crystal element is electrically connected to the third switch and the second The common electrode of the first liquid crystal element is electrically connected to the second wiring through a resistor. The liquid crystal display device is characterized in that the common electrode of the two liquid crystal elements is electrically connected to the common electrode of the two liquid crystal elements.

[0011] One aspect of the present invention is a first switch and a second switch controlled by a first scanning line, a third switch controlled by the first and second scanning lines; a first resistor; a second resistor, a first liquid crystal element, a second liquid crystal element, a first storage capacitor, and a second storage capacitor; and each of the first liquid crystal element and the second liquid crystal element includes at least one pixel. a common electrode, and a liquid crystal controlled by the pixel electrode and the common electrode; The pixel electrode of the first liquid crystal element is electrically connected to the first wiring via the first switch. The pixel electrode of the first liquid crystal element is connected to the second switch via the second switch and the first resistor. and electrically connected to the pixel electrode of the second liquid crystal element, is electrically connected to the second wiring via the third switch and the second resistor, The pixel electrode of the first liquid crystal element is electrically connected to the second wiring via the first storage capacitor. The pixel electrode of the second liquid crystal element is connected to the second line through the second storage capacitor. The common electrode of the first liquid crystal element is electrically connected to the common electrode of the second liquid crystal element. The liquid crystal display device is characterized in that the electrode is electrically connected to the electrode.

[0012] One aspect of the present invention is a first switch controlled by a third scanning line and a second switch controlled by a first scanning line. a second switch controlled by the first scanning line and a third switch controlled by the second scanning line; The liquid crystal display device includes a switch, a first resistor, a second resistor, a first liquid crystal element, and a second liquid crystal element. The liquid crystal display device has pixels, and each of the first liquid crystal element and the second liquid crystal element includes at least a pixel electrode; The first pixel electrode is composed of a common electrode, a liquid crystal controlled by the pixel electrode and the common electrode, the pixel electrode of the liquid crystal element is electrically connected to the first wiring via the first switch, The pixel electrode of the first liquid crystal element is connected to the second switch via the first resistor. The pixel electrode of the second liquid crystal element is electrically connected to the pixel electrode of the second liquid crystal element. a third switch and a second resistor connected electrically to the second wiring; The common electrode of the liquid crystal element is electrically connected to the common electrode of the second liquid crystal element. This is a liquid crystal display device.

[0013] One aspect of the present invention is a first switch controlled by a third scanning line and a second switch controlled by a first scanning line. a second switch controlled by the first scanning line and a third switch controlled by the second scanning line; The liquid crystal display device includes a switch, a first resistor, a second resistor, a first liquid crystal element, and a second liquid crystal element. The liquid crystal display device has pixels, and each of the first liquid crystal element and the second liquid crystal element includes at least a pixel electrode; The first pixel electrode is composed of a common electrode, a liquid crystal controlled by the pixel electrode and the common electrode, the pixel electrode of the liquid crystal element is electrically connected to the first wiring via the first switch, The pixel electrode of the first liquid crystal element is connected to the second switch via the first resistor. The pixel electrode of the second liquid crystal element is electrically connected to the pixel electrode of the second liquid crystal element. a third switch and a second resistor connected electrically to the second wiring; The pixel electrode of the liquid crystal element is electrically connected to the second wiring via the first storage capacitor. The pixel electrode of the second liquid crystal element is electrically connected to the second wiring via the second storage capacitor. the common electrode of the first liquid crystal element is electrically connected to the common electrode of the second liquid crystal element; The liquid crystal display device is characterized in that the display is electrically connected to the display.

[0014] According to one aspect of the present invention, in the above-mentioned configuration, the resistance value of the second resistor is equal to the resistance value of the first resistor. The liquid crystal display device is characterized in that the value is greater than the value.

[0015] One aspect of the present invention is a switch controlled by a first scanning line, a first transistor, and a second a second transistor, a first liquid crystal element, a second liquid crystal element, a first storage capacitor, and a second a gate electrode of the first transistor is connected to the first scanning The second transistor has a gate electrode electrically connected to the first scanning line. a transistor electrically connected to the transistor and a gate a transistor having an electrode electrically connected to a second scan line; Each of the first liquid crystal element and the second liquid crystal element includes at least a pixel electrode, a common electrode, and The first liquid crystal element is composed of a liquid crystal controlled by the pixel electrode and the common electrode. The pixel electrode is electrically connected to the first wiring through the switch, and the first liquid crystal element The pixel electrode of the second liquid crystal element is electrically connected to the pixel electrode of the second liquid crystal element through the first transistor. and the pixel electrode of the second liquid crystal element is connected to the second transistor. The pixel electrode of the first liquid crystal element is electrically connected to the wiring via the first storage capacitor. The pixel electrode of the second liquid crystal element is electrically connected to the second wiring. The common electrode of the first liquid crystal element is electrically connected to the second wiring via a capacitance. a common electrode of the second liquid crystal element electrically connected to the common electrode of the second liquid crystal element; do.

[0016] One aspect of the present invention is a semiconductor device including a first transistor, a second transistor, and a third transistor. A pixel including a first liquid crystal element, a second liquid crystal element, a first storage capacitor, and a second storage capacitor. the gate electrodes of the first transistor and the third transistor are The second transistor has a gate electrode electrically connected to the first scanning line. a transistor electrically connected to the scan line, and a and a transistor having a gate electrode electrically connected to the second scanning line. and each of the first liquid crystal element and the second liquid crystal element has at least a pixel electrode and a common electrode. and a liquid crystal controlled by the pixel electrode and the common electrode. a pixel electrode of the liquid crystal element is electrically connected to the first wiring via the third transistor; The pixel electrode of the first liquid crystal element is connected to the second liquid crystal element via the first transistor. the pixel electrode of the second liquid crystal element is electrically connected to the pixel electrode of the second transistor. The pixel electrode of the first liquid crystal element is electrically connected to the second wiring via the The second liquid crystal element is electrically connected to the second wiring via the first storage capacitor. The electrode is electrically connected to the second wiring via the second storage capacitor, and the first liquid crystal The common electrode of the element is electrically connected to the common electrode of the second liquid crystal element. It is a liquid crystal display device.

[0017] In the above configuration, the channel width of the transistor is W and the channel length is L. Then, the W / L of the third transistor is This liquid crystal display device is characterized by having a W / L smaller than that of the transistor.

[0018] In addition, one aspect of the present invention is to define the channel width of the transistor as W and the channel length as L in the above configuration. Then, the W / L of the second transistor is greater than the W / L of the first transistor. The liquid crystal display device is characterized by the above.

[0019] The display device of the present invention is typified by, for example, a liquid crystal display device and an organic light emitting device (OLED). DMD (Digital Micromirror Device) is a light-emitting device with a light-emitting element in each pixel. Device), PDP (Plasma Display Panel), FED (F Active matrix display devices such as Field Emission Displays Also included in this category are passive matrix display devices.

[0020] The switch may take various forms, for example, an electrical switch. There are various types of switches, such as switches and mechanical switches. In other words, anything that can control the flow of current is sufficient. There is no particular limitation. For example, a transistor (e.g., a bipolar transistor) can be used as a switch. transistors, MOS transistors, etc.), diodes (e.g., PN diodes, P IN diode, Schottky diode, MIM (Metal Insulator Metal diode, MIS (Metal Insulator Semiconductor) diodes, diode-connected transistors, thyristors, etc. Alternatively, a logic circuit combining these can be used as a switch. Yes, it is possible.

[0021] Examples of mechanical switches include digital micromirror devices (DMDs), There are switches that use MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) technology. The switch has an electrode that can be moved mechanically, and the movement of the electrode It operates by controlling connection and non-connection.

[0022] When a transistor is used as a switch, the transistor acts as a simple switch. However, the polarity (conductivity type) of the transistor is not particularly limited. To suppress this, it is desirable to use a transistor with a polarity that reduces the off-state current. As a transistor with low current, a transistor with LDD region or a multi-gate structure There are transistors with a structure such as a switch. The voltage of the source terminal is close to the voltage of the low-potential power supply (Vss, GND, 0V, etc.). On the other hand, if the voltage of the source terminal is When the potential is close to the high-potential power supply (such as Vdd), a P-channel transistor is used. It is desirable to use an N-channel transistor because the source terminal When the voltage of a P-channel transistor is close to the low-potential power supply, When the terminals are operated near the potential of the high-potential power supply, the absolute value of the voltage between the gate and source This is because the value can be made large, making it easy to operate as a switch. Since the output voltage is less likely to be reduced, Because it is.

[0023] In addition, CMOS transistors are used to implement both N-channel and P-channel transistors. A CMOS switch can be used as the switch. Either the N-channel transistor or the N-channel transistor is conducting. If the input voltage to the switch is 0.05V, a current will flow, making it easier to function as a switch. Whether the signal voltage is high or low, the voltage can be output appropriately. In addition, the voltage amplitude of the signal used to turn the switch on and off can be reduced. , and power consumption can also be reduced.

[0024] When using a transistor as a switch, the switch must be connected to the input terminal (source terminal or the other of the source and drain terminals), the output terminal (the other of the source and drain terminals), and the The diode is used as a switch. In some cases, the switch may not have a terminal that controls conduction. Using diodes as switches rather than transistors reduces the amount of wiring required to control the terminals. It can be eliminated.

[0025] When it is explicitly stated that A and B are connected, it means that A and B are electrically connected. A and B are functionally connected, A and B are directly connected, Here, A and B are objects (e.g., devices, elements, circuits) , wiring, electrodes, terminals, conductive films, layers, etc.). Therefore, a predetermined connection relationship, For example, the present invention is not limited to the connection relationships shown in the drawings or text, but may be modified to include the connection relationships shown in the drawings or text. This also includes matters other than those in charge.

[0026] For example, if A and B are electrically connected, the electrical connection between A and B can be The elements to be considered (e.g., switches, transistors, capacitance elements, inductors, resistance elements, One or more ions (such as ions) may be placed between A and B. Alternatively, A and B may be In the case of functional connection, a circuit that allows the functional connection between A and B (e.g. , logic circuits (inverters, NAND circuits, NOR circuits, etc.), signal conversion circuits (DA conversion circuits circuits, AD conversion circuits, gamma correction circuits, etc.), potential level conversion circuits (power supply circuits (boosting circuits, voltage sources, current sources, Switching circuits, amplifier circuits (circuits that can increase signal amplitude or current, etc.), operational amplifiers, differential amplifier circuits, source follower circuits, buffer circuits, signal generation circuits, memory circuits, control One or more control circuits may be arranged between A and B. Alternatively, A and B may be arranged In the case of direct connection, A and B are connected without any other elements or circuits between them. and may be directly connected.

[0027] In addition, when it is explicitly stated that A and B are directly connected, it means that A and B are directly connected. (i.e., A and B are connected without any other elements or circuits in between.) (i.e., when A and B are electrically connected) and (i.e., when there is another element between A and B). This includes the case where the power supply is connected via a power supply or another circuit.

[0028] In addition, when it is explicitly stated that A and B are electrically connected, it means that A and B are electrically When A and B are directly connected (i.e., when another element or circuit is placed between A and B), A and B are functionally connected (i.e., there is another When A and B are connected functionally across a circuit, and when A and B are connected directly ( (i.e., when A and B are connected without any other element or circuit between them) In other words, when explicitly stating that something is electrically connected, it simply means that it is connected. is the same as if it were expressly stated only that the

[0029] Note that the term "display element," "display device having a display element," "light-emitting element," and "device having a light-emitting element" may be used interchangeably. The light emitting device can take various forms and have various elements. , display elements, display devices, light-emitting elements or light-emitting devices include EL elements (organic and inorganic EL elements, organic EL elements, inorganic EL elements), electron emission elements, liquid crystal elements, electronic ink , electrophoretic element, grating light valve (GLV), plasma display (PD P), Digital Micromirror Device (DMD), Piezoelectric Ceramic Display, Car Carbon nanotubes, etc., due to electromagnetic effects, contrast, brightness, reflectance, transmittance The display medium can be used to change the color, etc. The display device using electron-emitting elements is called a field emission display. Flat panel displays (FED) and SED (Surface-co Induction Electron-emitter Display, etc. As a display device using a liquid crystal display (transmissive liquid crystal display, semi-transmissive liquid crystal display), LCD, reflective LCD, direct-view LCD, projection LCD A) Electronic paper is a display device that uses electronic ink or electrophoretic elements.

[0030] The EL element is an element having an anode, a cathode, and an EL layer sandwiched between the anode and the cathode. The EL layer is made up of a number of types, including those that utilize light emission (fluorescence) from singlet excitons, Those that utilize light emission from doublet excitons (phosphorescence) and those that utilize light emission from singlet excitons (fluorescence). Some utilize light emission from triplet excitons (phosphorescence), while others utilize organic materials. formed by inorganic matter, formed by organic matter and formed by inorganic matter. Materials formed by organic materials, including polymeric materials, low molecular weight materials, and polymeric materials and low molecular weight materials can be used. However, the present invention is not limited to these, and E A variety of L elements can be used.

[0031] An electron-emitting device is an element that extracts electrons by concentrating a high electric field on a sharp cathode. For example, electron-emitting devices include Spindt type, carbon nanotube (CNT) type, metal-insulating type, MIM (Metal-Insulator-Metal) type with metal laminated body and metal MIS (Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor) conductor type, MOS type, silicon type, thin film diode type, diamond type, surface conduction Conductive emitter SCD type, oxide type, diamond type, surface conduction emitter SCD type, metal-insulating Insulator - Semiconductor - Metal thin film type, HEED type, EL type, porous silicon type, surface conduction However, the electron-emitting device is not limited to this, and any other type of electron-emitting device can be used. A variety of materials can be used.

[0032] A liquid crystal element is a device that controls the transmission or non-transmission of light by the optical modulation action of liquid crystals. It is composed of a pair of electrodes and liquid crystal. Controlled by the electric field applied to the crystal (including the horizontal electric field, the vertical electric field, or the diagonal electric field) The liquid crystal elements include nematic liquid crystal, cholesteric liquid crystal, smectic Liquid crystal, discotic liquid crystal, thermotropic liquid crystal, lyotropic liquid crystal, lyotropic low molecular weight liquid crystal, high molecular weight liquid crystal, ferroelectric liquid crystal, antiferroelectric liquid crystal, main chain liquid crystal, side chain high molecular weight liquid crystal Molecular liquid crystal, Plasma-addressed liquid crystal (PDLC), Banana-shaped liquid crystal, TN (Twisted Nematic mode, STN (Super Twisted Nematic) mode mode, IPS (In-Plane-Switching) mode, FFS (Fringe Field Switching) mode, MVA (Multi-domain Ver tical Alignment) mode, PVA(Patterned Vertic) mode Alignment), ASV (Advanced Super View) mode ASM(Axially Symmetric aligned Micro-ce ll) mode, OCB (Optical Compensated Birefring ence) mode, ECB (Electrically Controlled Bias fringence mode, FLC (Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Crystal) mode, AFLC (AntiFerroelectric Liqui d Crystal) mode, PDLC (Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal) mode You can use uid Crystal mode, guest-host mode, etc. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and various liquid crystal elements can be used.

[0033] In addition, electronic paper is displayed by molecules such as optical anisotropy and dye molecule orientation. electrophoresis, particle migration, particle rotation, phase change, etc. It is displayed by the movement of one end of the film, and by the color / phase change of the molecules. Some are displayed by molecular light absorption, and others by spontaneous light emission caused by electron-hole combinations. For example, electronic paper is a type of device that uses microcapsule electrophoresis. , horizontally moving electrophoresis, vertically moving electrophoresis, spherical twist ball, magnetic twist ball , cylindrical twist ball type, charged toner, electronic liquid powder, magnetic migration type, magnetic thermal type, electro Torowetting, light scattering (transparent / cloudy), cholesteric liquid crystal / photoconductive layer, cholesteric Bistable nematic liquid crystal, ferroelectric liquid crystal, dichroic dye / liquid crystal dispersion type, movable filter lumin, leuco dye color development and decolorization, photochromic, electrochromic, electrodeposited However, it is not limited to these. Various types of electronic paper can be used. By using electrophoresis, the drawbacks of electrophoresis, such as aggregation and precipitation of electrophoretic particles, are resolved. Electronic liquid powders have high speed response, high reflectivity, wide viewing angle, low power consumption, and memory properties. It has the following advantages:

[0034] A plasma display consists of a substrate with electrodes formed on its surface and a display panel with electrodes and minute grooves on its surface. The substrate is formed with a groove and a phosphor layer formed in the groove, and the substrate is placed opposite to the groove at a narrow interval, and a rare gas is sealed in. By applying a voltage between the electrodes, ultraviolet light is generated and the phosphor The display can be made by illuminating the plasma. The plasma display panel may be an AS type PDP or an AC type PDP. W (Address While Sustain) drive, subframe reset period ADS (Address Display Separation) is divided into an address period and a maintenance period. arated) drive, CLEAR(Low Energy Address and R eduction of False Contour Sequence) drive, AL IS (Alternate Lighting of Surfaces) method, TER ES (Reciprocal Suspension Technology) drive However, the present invention is not limited to this, and various plasma displays can be used. A variety of materials can be used.

[0035] In addition, display devices that require a light source, such as liquid crystal displays (transmissive liquid crystal displays), , Transflective LCD, Reflective LCD, Direct-view LCD, Projection LCDs, display devices using grating light valves (GLVs), digital As a light source for a display device using a digital micromirror device (DMD), an electroluminescent Using luminescence, cold cathode tube, hot cathode tube, LED, laser light source, mercury lamp, etc. However, the light source is not limited to this, and various light sources can be used. .

[0036] Note that various types of transistors can be used as the transistor. There is no limitation on the type of transistor used. For example, amorphous silicon, polycrystalline silicon, microcrystalline silicon, Non-monocrystalline silicon, such as crystalline (also called microcrystalline or semi-amorphous) silicon A thin film transistor (TFT) having a crystalline semiconductor film can be used. There are various advantages to using silicon. For example, it can be manufactured at a lower temperature than single crystal silicon. This allows for reduction in manufacturing costs and the use of larger manufacturing equipment. Therefore, a large number of display devices can be manufactured at the same time on a large substrate. Furthermore, since the manufacturing temperature is low, the heat resistance is low. Therefore, a transistor can be fabricated on a transparent substrate. Transistors on a transparent substrate can be used to control the transmission of light through a display element. Alternatively, since the film thickness of the transistor is thin, a part of the film constituting the transistor is transparent to light. Therefore, the aperture ratio can be improved.

[0037] When producing polycrystalline silicon, a catalyst (such as nickel) is used to This will further improve the crystallinity and make it possible to manufacture transistors with good electrical characteristics. As a result, gate driver circuits (scanning line driver circuits) and source driver circuits (signal line driver circuits) , signal processing circuits (signal generation circuit, gamma correction circuit, DA conversion circuit, etc.) are integrated on the board It can be achieved.

[0038] When manufacturing microcrystalline silicon, a catalyst (such as nickel) is used to This further improves the crystallinity, making it possible to manufacture transistors with good electrical characteristics. When this happens, the crystallinity can be improved by simply applying heat treatment without irradiating with laser light. As a result, the gate driver circuit (scanning line driving circuit) and the source driver circuit Parts (such as analog switches) can be formed integrally on the substrate. Therefore, if laser light is not irradiated, unevenness in the crystallinity of silicon can be suppressed. This allows for clear images to be displayed.

[0039] However, polycrystalline silicon and microcrystalline silicon are produced without using a catalyst (such as nickel). It is possible.

[0040] In addition, improving the crystallinity of silicon to polycrystalline or microcrystalline allows the entire panel to be It is desirable to perform this in a partial area of the panel, but it is not limited to this. The crystallinity of the crystalline silicon may be improved. For example, the peripheral circuit area, which is an area other than the pixel area, can be selectively irradiated. Alternatively, the laser light may be irradiated only on the gate driver circuit, the source driver circuit, and the Alternatively, the laser light may be irradiated only on a region such as a path. The laser light may be irradiated only on the area of the semiconductor device (for example, an analog switch). It is possible to improve the crystallization of silicon only in areas where high-speed circuit operation is required. Since there is little need for high-speed operation in the pixel area, there is no problem even if the crystallinity is not improved. The pixel circuit can be operated without any problems. The manufacturing process can be shortened, throughput can be improved, and manufacturing costs can be reduced. In addition, since only a small number of manufacturing devices are required, manufacturing costs can be reduced. It can be reduced.

[0041] Alternatively, a transistor can be formed using a semiconductor substrate, an SOI substrate, or the like. This allows for less variation in characteristics, size, and shape, a high current supply capacity, and a small size. These transistors can be used to fabricate transistors with small capacitances. This allows for lower power consumption and higher circuit integration.

[0042] Or ZnO, a-InGaZnO, SiGe, GaAs, IZO, ITO, SnO, etc. Transistors having any compound semiconductor or oxide semiconductor, and further, A thin film transistor made of a semiconductor or an oxide semiconductor can be used. This allows the manufacturing temperature to be lowered, making it possible to manufacture transistors at room temperature, for example. As a result, direct transfer to a substrate with low heat resistance, such as a plastic substrate or a film substrate, These compound semiconductors or oxide semiconductors can be used to form a transistor. It can be used not only for the channel portion of a transistor but also for other purposes. For example, these compound semiconductors or oxide semiconductors can be used as resistor elements, pixel electrodes, transparent electrodes, etc. Furthermore, they can be formed or deposited simultaneously with the transistors. This reduces costs.

[0043] Alternatively, a transistor formed by inkjet or printing can be used. These allow fabrication at room temperature, in a low vacuum, or on a large substrate. In addition, since it is possible to manufacture without using a mask (reticle), The layout of the star can be easily changed. Furthermore, there is no need to use a resist. This reduces material costs and the number of processes. Therefore, compared to the method of forming a film on the entire surface and then etching it, it is possible to avoid wasting material and achieve low costs. It can be stocked.

[0044] Alternatively, a transistor having an organic semiconductor or a carbon nanotube may be used. These features make it possible to form transistors on a flexible substrate. This makes it resistant to impacts.

[0045] Furthermore, transistors of various structures can be used. For example, MOS transistors Transistors such as junction transistors and bipolar transistors can be used as transistors. By using MOS transistors, the size of the transistors can be reduced. Therefore, a large number of transistors can be mounted. By using a transistor, a large current can be passed through, which allows the circuit to operate at high speed. It can be made to work.

[0046] In addition, MOS transistors, bipolar transistors, etc. can be mixed and formed on a single substrate. This allows for low power consumption, miniaturization, high-speed operation, etc. .

[0047] In addition, various other transistors can be used.

[0048] Note that the transistor can be formed using various substrates. The substrate on which the transistor is formed is not limited to, for example, a single crystal Crystal substrate, SOI substrate, glass substrate, quartz substrate, plastic substrate, paper substrate, cellophane substrate Board, stone substrate, wood substrate, fabric substrate (natural fibers (silk, cotton, linen), synthetic fibers (nylon, poly) urethane, polyester) or recycled fiber (acetate, cupra, rayon, recycled polyester) (including polyester), leather substrate, rubber substrate, stainless steel substrate, stainless steel Substrates with steel foils can be used. Alternatively, human or animal skin can be used. Skin (skin epidermis, dermis) or subcutaneous tissue may be used as a substrate. Transistors are formed on a substrate, and then the transistors are transferred to another substrate. The substrate on which the transistor is transferred may be a single crystal substrate, an SOI substrate, or the like. Plate, glass substrate, quartz substrate, plastic substrate, paper substrate, cellophane substrate, stone substrate, wood Wood substrate, cloth substrate (natural fibers (silk, cotton, linen), synthetic fibers (nylon, polyurethane, polyester) sterling) or recycled fibers (acetate, cupra, rayon, recycled polyester), etc. (including), leather substrate, rubber substrate, stainless steel substrate, stainless steel foil Alternatively, a substrate having the same structure as that of the skin (skin surface, dermis) of an animal such as a human can be used. Alternatively, subcutaneous tissue may be used as a substrate. Alternatively, a transistor may be formed using a substrate. The substrate may be polished to make it thinner. Substrate, glass substrate, quartz substrate, plastic substrate, paper substrate, cellophane substrate, stone substrate, Wood substrate, fabric substrate (natural fibers (silk, cotton, linen), synthetic fibers (nylon, polyurethane, poly) ester) or regenerated fibers (acetate, cupra, rayon, regenerated polyester) (including leather substrate, rubber substrate, stainless steel substrate, stainless steel foil, etc.) Alternatively, a substrate having a film of skin (skin surface, dermis) of an animal such as a human can be used. ) or subcutaneous tissue may be used as the substrate. By using these substrates, Formation of small transistors, formation of transistors with low power consumption, manufacturing of devices that are not easily broken, It is possible to impart heat resistance, reduce weight, or reduce thickness.

[0049] The structure of the transistor can take various forms. For example, a multi-gate structure having two or more gate electrodes may be used. In this structure, the channel regions are connected in series, so multiple transistors are connected in series. The multi-gate structure reduces the off-current and improves the breakdown voltage of the transistor. Alternatively, the multi-gate structure can be used to reduce the When operating, even if the drain-source voltage changes, the drain-source current does not change much. The voltage-current characteristic remains unchanged, and the slope of the voltage-current characteristic can be made flat. By taking advantage of the flat slope of As a result, it is possible to realize an active load with good characteristics, such as a differential circuit or a current mirror. In addition, a structure in which gate electrodes are placed above and below the channel can be realized. By using a structure in which gate electrodes are arranged above and below the channel, The increase in the area of the gate leads to an increase in the current value, or a decrease in the S value due to the tendency for a depletion layer to form. When gate electrodes are placed above and below the channel, multiple transistors can be formed. are connected in parallel.

[0050] Alternatively, a structure in which a gate electrode is disposed on the channel region may be used. Alternatively, a gate electrode may be disposed under the gate electrode region. A tag structure may be used, or the channel region may be divided into a plurality of regions. may be connected in parallel, or the channel regions may be connected in series. The channel region (or a part thereof) may be overlapped with a source electrode or a drain electrode. A structure in which the source electrode and drain electrode overlap the channel region (or part of it). This prevents charge from accumulating in part of the channel region, causing instability in operation. Furthermore, an LDD region may be provided. By providing the LDD region, the off-current can be reduced. It is possible to reduce the L By providing a DD region, the drain-source voltage changes when operating in the saturation region. Even if the voltage is increased, the drain-source current does not change much and the slope of the voltage-current characteristic is flat. It can be made into a trait.

[0051] Note that various types of transistors can be used and can be formed using various substrates. Therefore, all the circuits required to realize a given function can be implemented in the same For example, all of the circuits required to realize a predetermined function may be formed on the same substrate. The substrates are glass, plastic, single crystal, or SOI. The substrate may be made of a material other than silicon or may be made of various materials. All the circuits required for this are formed on the same board, reducing the number of parts. This reduces costs and improves reliability by reducing the number of connections to circuit components. Alternatively, part of the circuitry required to achieve a specific function can be formed on a certain substrate. Another part of the circuitry required to realize a given function is formed on a separate substrate. In other words, all of the circuits required to realize a given function may be mounted on the same board. For example, the circuitry required to realize a predetermined function may not be formed using the same. Some are formed using transistors on a glass substrate, and in order to achieve a specific function, Another part of the required circuitry is formed on the single crystal substrate and consists of transistors on the single crystal substrate. The IC chip is connected to the glass substrate by COG (Chip On Glass). The IC chip may be placed on a glass substrate. Alternatively, the IC chip may be attached to a TAB (Tape). It is bonded to the glass substrate using a PC board or automated bonding. In this way, by forming part of the circuit on the same board, The aim is to reduce costs by reducing the number of components, and to improve reliability by reducing the number of connections to circuit components. In addition, circuits with high drive voltages and high drive frequencies consume less power. Therefore, the circuit for such a part is not formed on the same board, but instead For example, a circuit for that part is formed on a single crystal substrate, and an IC chip composed of that circuit is created. If the above formula is used, an increase in power consumption can be prevented.

[0052] Note that one pixel refers to one element whose brightness can be controlled. In this case, one pixel refers to one color element, and the brightness is expressed by one color element. Therefore, in the case of a color display device consisting of R (red), G (green), and B (blue) color elements, In this example, the smallest unit of an image is composed of three pixels: an R pixel, a G pixel, and a B pixel. The color elements are not limited to three colors, and more than three colors may be used. Colors may also be used. For example, white may be added to make it RGBW (W is white). For example, you can add one or more colors such as yellow, cyan, magenta, emerald green, and vermilion to GB. For example, a color similar to at least one color in RGB may be added to the RGB For example, R, G, B1, B2 may be used. B1 and B2 are either are also blue, but with slightly different frequencies. Similarly, R1, R2, G, and B can also be used. By using such color elements, it is possible to display a more realistic image. Furthermore, by using such color elements, it is possible to reduce power consumption. As another example, when controlling brightness using multiple regions for one color element, One area may be considered as one pixel. When a pixel has sub-pixels, there are multiple areas that control brightness for each color element. There are several areas, and the gradation is expressed as a whole, but one area that controls brightness is expressed as one pixel. In this case, one color element is made up of multiple pixels. Or, even if there are multiple areas that control brightness within one color element, they can be combined. In this case, one color element may be one pixel. In addition, for one color element, multiple areas are used to create a bright When controlling brightness, the size of the area that contributes to the display may differ depending on the pixel. In addition, there are multiple brightness control areas for each color element. The signals sent may be slightly different to widen the viewing angle. For each color element, the potential of the pixel electrode in each of the multiple regions is different. As a result, the voltage applied to the liquid crystal molecules varies depending on the pixel electrode. The field angle can be widened.

[0053] When explicitly stating one pixel (three colors), the three pixels of R, G, and B are considered to be one pixel. When explicitly describing one pixel (one color), it refers to one color element. In this case, when there are multiple regions, they are considered as one pixel.

[0054] In this document (specification, claims, drawings, etc.), pixels are represented in a matrix. In this case, the pixels are arranged in a matrix. This means that the pixels are arranged in a straight line in the vertical or horizontal direction. , including cases where they are arranged on a jagged line. Therefore, for example, three color elements (e.g., R When using full color display in a 3D printer (GB), stripes may be used, or three color elements may be used. This includes cases where the dots are arranged in delta. It also includes cases where the dots are arranged in Bayer. The color elements are not limited to three colors, and may be more than three. For example, RGBW (W is white) ) or RGB plus one or more colors such as yellow, cyan, or magenta. Also, the size of the display area may be different for each dot of the color element. This can reduce power consumption or extend the life of the display element.

[0055] In addition, the active matrix type has active elements in the pixels, or the A passive matrix method can be used.

[0056] In the active matrix system, the active element (active element, nonlinear element) is a transistor. Use not only transistors but also various active elements (active elements, nonlinear elements) For example, MIM (Metal Insulator Metal) and TFD ( Thin Film Diodes) can also be used. Since the number of manufacturing steps is small, it is possible to reduce manufacturing costs and improve yields. In addition, the small size of the element allows for an improved aperture ratio, resulting in lower power consumption and higher brightness. It is possible to achieve this.

[0057] In addition to the active matrix method, there are also active elements (active elements, nonlinear It is also possible to use a passive matrix type that does not use active elements. Since it does not use any nonlinear elements, there are fewer manufacturing steps, which reduces manufacturing costs and improves yield. In addition, it is possible to improve the accuracy by using active elements (active elements, nonlinear elements). Therefore, the aperture ratio can be improved, and low power consumption and high brightness can be achieved. do.

[0058] A transistor is a device having at least three terminals including a gate, a drain, and a source. The element has a channel region between the drain region and the source region, A current can flow through the in-region, the channel region, and the source region. The source and drain depend on the transistor structure and operating conditions, so it is difficult to know which is the source or drain. Therefore, it is difficult to determine whether the material is a source or a drain. In the claims or drawings, the regions functioning as the source and drain are referred to as source regions. In some cases, the term "source" or "drain" is not used. In such cases, the term "first terminal" or "drain" is used. Alternatively, they may be referred to as the first electrode and the second electrode, respectively. Alternatively, they may be referred to as a source region and a drain region.

[0059] The transistor has at least three terminals including a base, an emitter, and a collector. In this case, the emitter and the collector may be connected to the first terminal and the second terminal. It may be referred to as a terminal.

[0060] The gate is a gate electrode and a gate wiring (gate line, gate signal line, scanning line, scanning signal line). The term refers to the whole or part of a gate electrode and The gate insulating film is a part that overlaps the semiconductor that forms the channel region. The gate electrode is partially doped with LDD (Lightly Doped Diode). ed Drain) region or source region (or drain region) and The gate wiring is the wiring between the gate electrodes of each transistor. wiring for connecting the gate electrodes of the pixels, or wiring for connecting the gate electrodes of the pixels This refers to wiring that connects a terminal electrode to another wiring.

[0061] However, there are areas (regions, conductive layers) that function as both gate electrodes and gate wiring. Such parts (regions, conductive films, wiring, etc.) are also present. In other words, the gate electrode and the gate wiring However, there are also regions that cannot be clearly distinguished. For example, If a part of the line overlaps with the channel region, that part (region, conductive film, wiring ) functions as a gate wiring, but also functions as a gate electrode. Therefore, such a part (region, conductive film, wiring, etc.) may be called a gate electrode. , which may also be called gate wiring.

[0062] It is made of the same material as the gate electrode and forms the same island as the gate electrode. The connected part (region, conductive film, wiring, etc.) may also be called a gate electrode. The gate wiring is made of the same material as the gate wiring and is connected to the same island as the gate wiring. The part (region, conductive film, wiring, etc.) that is connected to the gate may also be called the gate wiring. In the strict sense, the part (region, conductive film, wiring, etc.) does not overlap with the channel region. However, there are cases where the gate electrode does not have a function to connect to another gate electrode. Due to manufacturing specifications, the gate electrode or gate wiring is formed of the same material. The area (region, conductive area) that forms the same island as the electrode or gate wiring and is connected Therefore, such parts (regions, conductive films, wiring, etc.) are also included in the gate voltage. It may also be called a pole or gate wiring.

[0063] For example, in a multi-gate transistor, one gate electrode and another gate In many cases, the electrode is connected to the gate electrode through a conductive film made of the same material. The necessary parts (regions, conductive films, wiring, etc.) are parts for connecting gate electrodes. Since it is a component (region, conductive film, wiring, etc.), it can be called gate wiring, but multi-gate Since the transistors can be considered as one transistor, they can be called gate electrodes. In other words, it is formed of the same material as the gate electrode or gate wiring, and The part (area, conductive film, wiring, etc.) that forms the same island as the port wiring and is connected The gate electrodes and gate wirings may be called gate electrodes or gate wirings. A conductive film that is connected to wiring and is different from the gate electrode or gate wiring. The conductive film formed from the material may also be called a gate electrode or a gate wiring.

[0064] The gate terminal is the part of the gate electrode (region, conductive film, wiring, etc.) or Regarding the part (area, conductive film, wiring, etc.) that is electrically connected to the electrode, It is said that.

[0065] When referring to gate wiring, gate line, gate signal line, scanning line, scanning signal line, etc., the wiring In some cases, the gate of the transistor is not connected to the gate wiring. The lines, gate signal lines, scanning lines, and scanning signal lines are formed in the same layer as the transistor gates. Wiring, wiring made of the same material as the transistor gate or transistor gate It may also refer to wiring that is formed at the same time. Examples include wiring for storage capacitors and power supply lines. , reference potential supply wiring, etc.

[0066] The source includes the source region, the source electrode, and the source wiring (source line, source signal line, It refers to the whole or part of the data line (also called data line, data signal line, etc.). The source region is formed by doping P-type impurities (such as boron or gallium) or N-type impurities (such as phosphorus or arsenic). Therefore, it refers to a semiconductor region that contains a large amount of P-type impurities and N-type impurities. The region containing The source electrode is formed of a material different from the source region and is not included in the source region. The term "conductive layer" refers to the portion of the conductive layer that is electrically connected to the source region. The source electrode is sometimes called the source electrode, including the source region. wiring for connecting the source electrodes of the transistors, and wiring for connecting the source electrodes of each pixel. This refers to a wiring for connecting a source electrode to another wiring, or a wiring for connecting a source electrode to another wiring.

[0067] However, there is a part (area) that functions as both a source electrode and a source wiring. Such parts (areas, conductive films, wiring, etc.) are also present. It may be called a source electrode or a source wiring. There are also areas where it is difficult to clearly distinguish between lines and objects. When a part of the source wiring overlaps with the source region, the part (region, conductive film , wiring, etc.) functions as a source wiring, but also as a source electrode. Therefore, such a part (region, conductive film, wiring, etc.) can be called a source electrode. That's fine, you can call it source wiring.

[0068] It is made of the same material as the source electrode and forms the same island as the source electrode. Connected parts (regions, conductive films, wiring, etc.) and connecting source electrodes The part (region, conductive film, wiring, etc.) that is connected to the source electrode may also be called the source electrode. The overlapping portion of the source line may also be called the source electrode. There are also regions that are made of the same material and form the same island as the source wiring. Such a part (region, conductive film, wiring, etc.) may be called a source wiring. In some cases, the device may not have the ability to connect to a separate source electrode. Due to specifications, the source electrode or source wiring is made of the same material. There are parts (areas, conductive films, wiring, etc.) that are connected to the source wiring. The portion (region, conductive film, wiring, etc.) may also be called a source electrode or source wiring.

[0069] For example, the conductive film in the portion connecting the source electrode and the source wiring is A conductive film formed of a material different from the source electrode or source wiring may also be called a source electrode. Alternatively, it may be called source wiring.

[0070] The source terminal may be a region of the source region, a source electrode, or a region electrically connected to the source electrode. It refers to a part of a structure (such as an area, conductive film, or wiring).

[0071] When referring to source wiring, source line, source signal line, data line, data signal line, etc., In some cases, the source (drain) of a transistor is not connected to the wiring. The source wiring, source line, source signal line, data line, and data signal line are Wiring formed in the same layer as the source (drain) of the transistor, made of the same material as the source (drain) This refers to wiring formed by a method similar to that described above, or wiring formed at the same time as the source (drain) of a transistor. Examples include wiring for storage capacitors, power supply lines, and wiring for supplying reference potential. be.

[0072] The drain is the same as the source.

[0073] Semiconductor devices include semiconductor elements (transistors, diodes, thyristors, etc.). It refers to a device that has a circuit. Furthermore, it refers to the entire device that can function by utilizing the characteristics of semiconductors. Generally, a device that has semiconductor material can be called a semiconductor device. say.

[0074] The display element includes optical modulation elements, liquid crystal elements, light-emitting elements, EL elements (organic EL elements, Organic EL elements or EL elements containing organic and inorganic materials), electron emission elements, electrophoretic elements, discharge elements, optical reflecting elements, optical diffraction elements, digital micromirror devices (DMDs), etc. However, it is not limited to this.

[0075] The display device refers to a device having a display element. The display device may include a plurality of pixels including a peripheral circuit for driving the plurality of pixels. The peripheral driving circuit for driving the plurality of pixels may include a driving circuit. The display device may be formed on the same substrate as the element. The peripheral drive circuits arranged on the board by the chip-on-glass (COG) It may include an IC chip connected to the board or an IC chip connected by a tab or the like. The display device may contain IC chips, resistors, capacitors, inductors, transistors, etc. The flexible printed circuit (FPC) may be attached. The display device is connected via a flexible printed circuit (FPC) or the like, and the IC chip Printed wiring with resistors, capacitors, inductors, transistors, etc. attached The display device may include an optical substrate (PWB) such as a polarizing plate or a retardation plate. The display device may include a lighting device, a housing, an audio input / output device, a light source, and a display sheet. The backlight unit may include a light source, a sensor, etc. Light plate, prism sheet, diffusion sheet, reflective sheet, light source (LED, cold cathode tube, etc.), cooling It may also include devices (water-cooled, air-cooled).

[0076] The lighting device includes a backlight unit, a light guide plate, a prism sheet, a diffusion sheet, a reflector, This refers to a device that has a sheet, a light source (LED, cold cathode fluorescent lamp, hot cathode fluorescent lamp, etc.), a cooling device, etc. This is what is meant.

[0077] The light-emitting device refers to a device having a light-emitting element or the like. When the light-emitting device has an element, it is a specific example of a display device.

[0078] The reflecting device is a device that has a light reflecting element, a light diffracting element, a light reflecting electrode, etc. This refers to

[0079] The liquid crystal display device refers to a display device having a liquid crystal element. There are various types, including visual, projection, transmissive, reflective, and semi-transmissive.

[0080] The driving device refers to a device that has semiconductor elements, electric circuits, and electronic circuits. For example, a transistor (selection transistor) that controls the input of a signal from a source signal line to a pixel (sometimes called a phototransistor or switching transistor) that applies voltage or current to the pixel electrode The transistors that supply voltage or current to the light-emitting element are Furthermore, a circuit for supplying signals to the gate signal lines (gate driver, gate the source signal line driver circuit, and the circuit that supplies signals to the source signal line (source driver A pixel driver (sometimes called a pixel driver or a source line driver circuit) is an example of a driver.

[0081] In addition, display devices, semiconductor devices, lighting devices, cooling devices, light-emitting devices, reflecting devices, driving devices, etc. For example, a display device may have a semiconductor device and a light emitting device. Alternatively, the semiconductor device may have a display device and a driver. This may be the case.

[0082] Note that it is not possible to explicitly say that B is formed on A, or that B is formed on A. When describing, it is not limited to forming B on A in direct contact with it. This also includes cases where there is no object between A and B, i.e., there is another object between A and B. Here, A and B are objects (e.g., devices, elements, circuits, wiring, electrodes, terminals, conductive films, layers, etc.).

[0083] Therefore, for example, it is not possible to explicitly state that layer B is formed on top of layer A (or on top of layer A). When the layer is placed on top of the substrate, there are cases where layer B is formed directly on top of layer A, and cases where layer B is formed directly on top of layer A. Another layer (such as layer C or layer D) is formed adjacent to it, and layer B is formed directly on top of it. It should be noted that other layers (such as layer C and layer D) may be formed separately. It may be a single layer or multiple layers.

[0084] Furthermore, the same applies when it is explicitly stated that B is formed above A. This is not limited to B being directly on top of A, but also includes the presence of another object between A and B. For example, if layer B is formed above layer A, In this case, there are two cases: when layer B is formed directly on top of layer A, and when layer B is formed directly on top of layer A. Another layer (such as layer C or layer D) is formed, and layer B is formed directly on top of it. It should be noted that other layers (such as layers C and D) may be single layers. Alternatively, it may be multi-layered.

[0085] In addition, when explicitly stating that B is formed directly on A, This includes cases where A and B are formed by contact, and does not include cases where another object is interposed between A and B. It shall be deemed not to exist.

[0086] The same applies to the case where B is below A, or B is below A.

[0087] In addition, when something is explicitly stated as singular, it is preferable that it be singular. However, it is not limited to this, and plural numbers are also possible. It is preferable that the items listed are plural. However, this is not limited to this. , it is also possible that it is singular. [Effects of the Invention]

[0088] The present invention makes it possible to realize a wide viewing angle display. Furthermore, a display device with excellent display quality can be provided. Furthermore, it is possible to provide a display device that is less susceptible to the effects of noise and is capable of producing a clear display. Alternatively, it is possible to provide a display device in which display degradation is unlikely to occur. As a result, it is possible to provide a display device with an excellent product life. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0089] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a pixel configuration of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a pixel configuration of the present invention. [Figure 3] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating an example of a display device having a pixel of the present invention. [Figure 4] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating a configuration example of a pixel included in a display device of the present invention. [Figure 5] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a pixel configuration of the present invention. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a pixel configuration of the present invention. [Figure 7] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a pixel configuration of the present invention. [Figure 8] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a pixel configuration of the present invention. [Figure 9] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a pixel configuration of the present invention. [Figure 10] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a pixel configuration of the present invention. [Figure 11] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a pixel configuration of the present invention. [Figure 12] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a pixel configuration of the present invention. [Figure 13] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a pixel configuration of the present invention. [Figure 14] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a pixel configuration of the present invention. [Figure 15] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a pixel configuration of the present invention. [Figure 16] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a pixel configuration of the present invention. [Figure 17] 4A to 4C are diagrams illustrating an operation method of the display device shown in FIG. 3. [Figure 18] 6A and 6B are diagrams for explaining the operation of the pixel shown in FIG. 5. [Figure 19] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a pixel configuration of the present invention. [Figure 20] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a pixel configuration of the present invention. [Figure 21] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a pixel configuration of the present invention. [Figure 22] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a pixel configuration of the present invention. [Figure 23] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a pixel configuration of the present invention. [Figure 24] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a pixel configuration of the present invention. [Figure 25] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a pixel configuration of the present invention. [Figure 26] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a pixel configuration of the present invention. [Figure 27] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a pixel configuration of the present invention. [Figure 28] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 29] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 30] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 31] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a pixel layout of a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 32] 1A to 1C are diagrams illustrating liquid crystal modes of a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 33] 1A to 1C are diagrams illustrating liquid crystal modes of a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 34] 1A to 1C are diagrams illustrating liquid crystal modes of a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 35] 1A to 1C are diagrams illustrating liquid crystal modes of a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 36] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 37] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 38] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 39] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of peripheral components of the display device according to the present invention. [Figure 40] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of peripheral components of the display device according to the present invention. [Figure 41] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of peripheral components of the display device according to the present invention. [Figure 42] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of peripheral components of the display device according to the present invention. [Figure 43] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a panel circuit configuration of a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 44] 1A and 1B are diagrams showing an example of a method for driving a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 45] 1A and 1B are diagrams showing an example of a method for driving a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 46] 1A and 1B are diagrams showing an example of a method for driving a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 47] 1A and 1B are diagrams showing an example of a method for driving a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 48] 1A to 1C illustrate an example of a structure of a transistor included in a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 49] 1A to 1C illustrate an example of a structure of a transistor included in a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 50] 1A to 1C illustrate an example of a structure of a transistor included in a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 51] 1A to 1C illustrate an example of a structure of a transistor included in a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 52] 1A to 1C illustrate an example of a structure of a transistor included in a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 53] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 54] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 55] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 56] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 57] 10A to 10C are diagrams illustrating electronic devices using a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 58] 10A to 10C are diagrams illustrating electronic devices using a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 59] 10A to 10C are diagrams illustrating electronic devices using a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 60] 10A to 10C are diagrams illustrating electronic devices using a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 61] 10A to 10C are diagrams illustrating electronic devices using a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 62] 10A to 10C are diagrams illustrating electronic devices using a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 63] 10A to 10C are diagrams illustrating electronic devices using a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 64] 10A to 10C are diagrams illustrating electronic devices using a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 65] 10A to 10C are diagrams illustrating electronic devices using a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 66] 1A and 1B are diagrams showing an example of a method for driving a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 67] 1A and 1B are diagrams showing an example of a method for driving a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 68] 1A and 1B are diagrams showing an example of a method for driving a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 69] 1A and 1B are diagrams showing an example of a method for driving a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 70] 1A and 1B are diagrams showing an example of a method for driving a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 71] 1A and 1B are diagrams showing an example of a method for driving a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 72] 1A and 1B are diagrams showing an example of a method for driving a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 73] 1A and 1B are diagrams showing an example of a method for driving a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 74] 1A and 1B are diagrams showing an example of a method for driving a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 75] 1A and 1B are diagrams showing an example of a method for driving a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 76] 1A and 1B are diagrams showing an example of a method for driving a display device according to the present invention. [Figure 77] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a pixel configuration of the present invention. [Figure 78] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a pixel configuration of the present invention. [Figure 79] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a pixel configuration of the present invention. [Figure 80] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a pixel configuration of the present invention. [Figure 81] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a pixel configuration of the present invention. [Figure 82] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a pixel configuration of the present invention. [Figure 83] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a pixel configuration of the present invention. [Figure 84]FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0090] The present invention will be described in one embodiment below, although the present invention can be embodied in many different embodiments. and modifications in form and detail are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made. It should be noted that in the configuration of the present invention described below, The reference numerals denoting the above are commonly used in different drawings, and the explanation thereof will be omitted.

[0091] (Embodiment 1) The basic structure of the pixel of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The pixel shown in FIG. A switch 111, a second switch 112, a third switch 113, a first resistor 114, a third resistor 115, a The second resistor 115, the first liquid crystal element 121, the second liquid crystal element 122, and the first storage capacitor 131 and a second storage capacitor 132. The pixel also has a signal line 116, a first scanning line 117, , and is connected to the second scanning line 120 and the Cs line 119. Each of the first and second liquid crystal elements 122 includes at least a pixel electrode, a common electrode 118, and a pixel electrode. The liquid crystal is controlled by a polarized electrode and a common electrode 118 .

[0092] In FIG. 1, the pixel electrode of the first liquid crystal element 121 receives a signal via the first switch 111. The pixel electrode of the first liquid crystal element 121 is connected to the line 116. 12 and is also connected to the pixel electrode of the second liquid crystal element 122 via the first resistor 114. The connection point between the first resistor 114 and the pixel electrode of the second liquid crystal element 122 is referred to as a node 142. Then, the node 142 is connected to the Cs line 119 via the third switch 113 and the second resistor 115. The second switch 112 and the pixel electrode of the first liquid crystal element 121 are connected to each other. A connection point of the first switch 111 and the wiring to which it is connected is referred to as a node 141 .

[0093] The first switch 111 and the second switch 112 are turned on and off in response to the first scanning line 11 The third switch 113 is turned on and off by a signal input to the first scanning line 117 and The second scan line 120 is controlled by both signals. Although we will discuss the case where the switch is controlled using a scanning line, the control method for the switch is not limited to this. I can't.

[0094] An image signal corresponding to a video signal, that is, a potential corresponding to the gradation of a pixel, is input to the signal line 116. Be encouraged.

[0095] Note that liquid crystal elements exhibit voltage retention characteristics, but the retention rate is not 100%. In order to maintain the voltage, the first liquid crystal element 121 and the second liquid crystal element 122 are 22, a first storage capacitor 131 and a second storage capacitor 132 are provided. Specifically, the pixel electrode of the first liquid crystal element 121 is connected to a first storage capacitor 131 via Cs The pixel electrode of the second liquid crystal element 122 is connected to the line 119 via the second storage capacitor 132. It is connected to the Cs line 119. The voltage retention characteristics of the liquid crystal element depend on the liquid crystal material, This depends on the impurities mixed in the liquid crystal and the size of the pixel, so if the voltage holding ratio of the liquid crystal element is high, As shown in Figure 77, it is not necessary to provide a storage capacitor. When the second liquid crystal element 122 contributes less to the display than the second liquid crystal element 21, The second storage capacitor 132 provided for the second liquid crystal element 122 may be omitted.

[0096] In addition, in FIG. 1, the node 141 is connected to the second switch 112 and the first resistor 114 in this order. 112. The first resistor 114 and the second switch 112 are connected to the node 142 via the The node 142 may be connected to the second resistor 115, the first resistor of the third switch, and the second resistor 116. 13 in turn and connected to the Cs line 119. The second switch 112 and the first resistor 114, the third switch 113 and the second resistor 115 In this case, the connection relationship between the switch and the resistor may be reversed.

[0097] Each of the first liquid crystal element 121 and the second liquid crystal element 122 is made up of a plurality of liquid crystal elements. Similarly, the first storage capacitor 131 and the second storage capacitor 132 may each have a For example, the first liquid crystal element 121 may be configured with a plurality of storage capacitors. Each of the second liquid crystal elements 122 has two liquid crystal elements, a first storage capacitor 131, a second storage capacitor FIG. 79 shows a case where each of the capacitors 132 is made up of two storage capacitors.

[0098] The operation of the pixel in Fig. 1 will be described. As described above, the first switch 111 and the second switch The on / off of the switch 112 is controlled by inputting a signal to the first scanning line 117. Here, a high level (hereinafter referred to as an H level) is input to the first scanning line 117. The case where the first switch 111 and the second switch 112 are turned on by the above will be described. Also, the signal is controlled by both the signals input to the first scanning line 117 and the second scanning line 120. The third switch 113 controlled by the first scanning line 117 and the second scanning line 120 is connected to both the first scanning line 117 and the second scanning line 120. We will explain the case where the transistor turns on only when a high level is input. When a low level (hereinafter referred to as L level) is input to the scanning line 117, these switches The third switch 113 is turned off, and the first scanning line 117 is set to H level, and the third Even if an L level is input to the second scanning line 120, the signal is turned off.

[0099] The first switch 111, the second switch 112, and the third switch 113 are The period during which a potential corresponding to the gradation of the pixel is input to the pixel, that is, the write period, is defined as the first half In the first half, the first switch 111 and the third switch 113 are In the latter half of the period, the first switch 111 and the second switch 112 are turned on. In addition to the switch 112, the third switch 113 is turned on. 116 and the Cs wire 119 are electrically disconnected, and in the latter half, they are electrically connected. This allows the video signal to be written to the pixel quickly.

[0100] First, in the first half of the writing period, the first scanning line 117 is set to H level, and the second scanning line 1 20, and turns on the first switch 111 and the second switch 112. The potential corresponding to the gradation of the pixel input from the signal line 116 is applied to the first switch 111. and supplied to the pixel electrode of the first liquid crystal element 121 and the first electrode of the first storage capacitor 131. Furthermore, this potential is applied to the second liquid crystal pixel via the second switch 112 and the first resistor 114. The voltage is supplied to the pixel electrode of the second capacitor 122 and the first electrode of the second storage capacitor 132. By turning off the switch 113, the first liquid crystal element 121 and the second liquid crystal element 1 This makes it possible to quickly supply a potential to each of the 22 pixel electrodes.

[0101] After that, in the latter half of the writing period, the H level is also input to the second scanning line 120. Then, in addition to the first switch 111 and the second switch 112, the third switch 113 is turned on. In this way, the signal line 116 and the Cs line 119 are electrically connected. As a result, the first and second liquid crystal elements 121 and 122 The potential supplied to each pixel electrode can be adjusted to an optimum potential according to the gradation of the pixel. Cut.

[0102] The voltage supplied to the pixel electrode of the second liquid crystal element 122 and the first electrode of the second storage capacitor 132 is The potential at node 142 is the same as the potential at node 141 and the Cs line. 119 and the resistance values of the first resistor 114 and the second resistor 115. That is, the pixel electrode of the second liquid crystal element 122 receives the signal input from the signal line 116. The potential corresponding to the gradation of the pixel is divided by the first resistor 114 and the second resistor 115. In this case, the voltage is supplied in response to the gray level of the pixel input from the signal line 116. The potential is Vsig, the resistance value of the first resistor 114 is R1, and the resistance value of the second resistor 115 is R 2. If the potential supplied to the Cs line 119 is Vcs, the potential of the node 141 is Vsig. Therefore, the potential of the node 142 in the latter half of the write period is Vcs+(Vsi g-Vcs)×R2 / (R1+R2).

[0103] The first storage capacitor 131 stores a potential corresponding to the gray scale input from the signal line 116 and Cs The potential difference between the potential of the line 119 and the potential of the second storage capacitor 132 is a potential divided by the resistors and the potential of the Cs line 1 The potential difference with the potential of 19 is maintained.

[0104] Next, an L level is input to the first scanning line 117. Then, the first switch 111 and the The second switch 112 and the third switch 113 are turned off, and the signal line 116 and the first liquid crystal element The first liquid crystal element 121 and the second liquid crystal element 122 are electrically isolated from each other. The capacitance 131 is connected to the potential of the Cs line 119 and the potential of the signal line 116 according to the gradation. The second storage capacitor 132 stores the difference between the resistively divided potential and the potential of the Cs line 119. Therefore, the pixel electrode of the first liquid crystal element 121 is connected to the signal line 1. The potential corresponding to the gradation of the pixel input from the second liquid crystal element 12 can be maintained. The resistively divided potential can also be maintained at the pixel electrode of the first scan. The L level is supplied not only to the first scanning line 117 but also to the second scanning line 120. In any case, the first switch 111, the second switch 112, and the third switch Switch 113 should be turned off.

[0105] In this way, the potential difference maintained in the first liquid crystal element 121 and the second liquid crystal element 122 That is, the gray scale of the pixel is expressed by using a voltage. Since different voltages are applied to the two liquid crystal elements, the liquid crystals in each element are oriented differently. Therefore, it is possible to improve the viewing angle characteristics.

[0106] The gradation expressed by a pixel is determined by the first liquid crystal element 121 and the second liquid crystal element 122 in the pixel. Since it is determined by the orientation of the liquid crystal in each of the liquid crystal elements 122, The potential corresponding to the gradation of the pixel to be applied must be determined taking these factors into consideration.

[0107] In the first half of the write period, the signal line 116 and the Cs line 119 are electrically disconnected. In the latter half, these are electrically connected to each other, so that the first liquid crystal element 121 and the second liquid crystal element Each pixel electrode of the crystal element 122 can be quickly set to a potential corresponding to the gradation of the pixel. Therefore, it becomes possible to quickly write video signals to the pixels.

[0108] As shown in FIG. 2, a first switch 111, a second switch 112, and a third switch The first switch 113 may be controlled using different scanning lines. 1 selects the third scanning line 201, the second switch 112 selects the first scanning line 117, and the third switch The switch 113 is controlled using the first scanning line 117 and the second scanning line 120. The pixel shown in FIG. 2 can be operated in the same manner as the pixel shown in FIG. It is possible.

[0109] In the above-described pixel configuration, the second liquid crystal element 122 is the same as the first liquid crystal element. Therefore, the voltage applied to the second resistor 115 is smaller than that of the first resistor 121. If the voltage applied to the second liquid crystal element 122 is too small, the threshold voltage of the liquid crystal Therefore, the liquid crystal of the second liquid crystal element 122 may not be driven. The resistance value R2 of the second resistor 115 is greater than the resistance value R1 of the first resistor 114 (R2> Of course, the relationship of the resistance values is not limited to this. The liquid crystal of the element 121 and the second liquid crystal element 122 are driven, and gradation can be expressed using both liquid crystals. The threshold voltage of the liquid crystal is the critical voltage required to drive the liquid crystal. Refers to the boundary value.

[0110] In addition, in FIG. 1, the resistance values of the first resistor 114 and the second resistor 115 are large, and the second switch Even without the third switch 112 and the third switch 113, the nodes 141 and 142 The potential input from the signal line 116 is maintained even after the first switch 111 is turned off. If it is possible to do so, these switches do not have to be provided. For example, the first resistor 11 If the resistance value of the second switch 14 is large, the resistance value of the second switch 14 is large. 12 may be omitted, or if the resistance value of the second resistor 115 is large, the node 142 and the Cs line The third switch 113 provided between the first and second switches 119 may be omitted. If the voltage is large, the second switch 112 and the third switch 113 may be omitted. is.

[0111] Next, a display device having the pixel shown in FIG. 1 will be described with reference to FIG.

[0112] The display device includes a signal line driver circuit 311, a scanning line driver circuit 312, and a pixel portion 313. The pixel section 313 includes a plurality of signal lines extending from the signal line driving circuit 311 in the column direction. S1 to Sm, the first scanning lines G1 to Gm arranged extending in the row direction from the scanning line driving circuit 312, 1 to G1_n, second scanning lines G2_1 to G2_n and Cs lines Cs_1 to Cs_n, and It has a plurality of pixels 314 arranged in a matrix corresponding to the signal lines S1 to Sm. Each pixel 314 is connected to a signal line Sj (one of the signal lines S1 to Sm), a first scanning line G1_i (any one of the scanning lines G1 to Gn), the second scanning line G2_i, the Cs line C It is connected to s_i.

[0113] The signal line Sj, the first scanning line G1_i, the second scanning line G2_i, and the Cs line Cs_i are , the signal line 116, the first scanning line 117, the second scanning line 120, and the Cs line 11 in FIG. 9. The common electrode 118 in FIG. 1 is a common or electrically The Cs line 119 and the common electrode 118 are electrically connected to each other and are supplied with the same potential. When the pixel portion 313 and the pixel portion 314 are to be at the same potential, conductive particles or wiring or the like are used outside the pixel portion 313. can be electrically connected.

[0114] A picture element operated by a signal input from the scanning line driving circuit 312 to the first scanning line G1_i. The signal line driver circuit 311 sequentially selects the rows of pixels, and supplies a signal to each of the pixels in the selected rows. A potential corresponding to the gray level of each pixel is supplied via the lines S1 to Sm.

[0115] As shown in Figure 17, for example, when the i-th row is selected and the writing period is completed, the data belonging to the i+1th row is In addition, in FIG. 17, the write period for each row is shown. Therefore, the operation of the first switch 111 shown in FIG. 1 is extracted to faithfully represent this. The pixels in the i-th row that have completed the writing period are Gray scales are expressed by the voltages held in the first liquid crystal element and the second liquid crystal element.

[0116] In the first half of the writing period, a high-level signal is input only to the first scanning line G1_i. In the latter half of the period, a high-level signal is also input to the second scanning line G2_i. The gray scale is expressed as described above by the potential supplied from the signal line Sj during the writing period. This can be done.

[0117] In order to prevent deterioration of the liquid crystal material and display irregularities such as flicker, The potential (common potential) of the common electrode in the liquid crystal element is applied to the pixel electrode every period. It is preferable to use inversion driving, which drives the device by inverting the polarity of the voltage. When the potential of the pixel electrode is higher than that of the common electrode, a positive voltage is applied to the pixel electrode. When the potential of the positive electrode is higher, it is said that a negative voltage is applied to the liquid crystal element. When a positive voltage is applied to the crystal element, the video signal input from the signal line is converted into a positive signal. When a negative voltage is applied, the video signal input from the signal line is set to a negative signal. Examples of inversion driving include frame inversion driving and source line Examples of such driving methods include inversion driving, gate line inversion driving, and dot inversion driving.

[0118] Frame inversion driving is a method of inverting the polarity of the voltage applied to the liquid crystal element every frame period. One frame period corresponds to the period during which an image for one pixel is displayed. There is no particular limit to the period, but it is recommended that the image be displayed so that viewers do not perceive flickering. It is preferable to set the time to at least 1 / 60 seconds or less.

[0119] It is desirable to further shorten the period and increase the frequency to reduce image blurring in moving images. Preferably, the period should be 1 / 120 seconds or less (frequency should be 120 Hz or more). More preferably, the period should be 1 / 180 seconds or less (frequency should be 180 Hz or more). In this way, when the frame rate is increased, the frame rate of the original image data is When the frequency does not match, the image data must be interpolated. By using a torque, image data can be interpolated to display at a high frame rate. In this way, the image movement is displayed smoothly and with little afterimage. It is possible.

[0120] In addition, source line inversion driving is a method of driving a liquid crystal element belonging to a pixel connected to the same signal line. The polarity of the applied voltage is reversed for the liquid crystal element belonging to the pixel connected to the adjacent signal line. On the other hand, gate line inversion is a driving method that performs frame inversion for each pixel. Driving is the process of changing the polarity of the voltage applied to the liquid crystal elements belonging to the pixels connected to the same scanning line. The liquid crystal elements belonging to the pixels connected to the adjacent scan lines are inverted, and then, for each pixel, This is a driving method that performs frame inversion. Also, dot inversion driving is a method of driving a liquid crystal between adjacent pixels. This is a driving method that inverts the polarity of the voltage applied to the element. This is a driving method that combines tri-inversion driving.

[0121] By the way, the above-mentioned frame inversion driving, source line inversion driving, gate line inversion driving, When dot inversion driving is used, the potential required for the video signal written to the signal line The width of the pixel is twice as large as when the inversion drive is not performed. In the case of frame inversion driving or gate line inversion driving, the potential of the common electrode is further inverted. In some cases, a mon inversion drive is used.

[0122] Common inversion driving is a method of changing the potential of the common electrode in synchronization with the inversion of the polarity applied to the liquid crystal element. This is a driving method in which the video written to the signal line by performing common inversion driving. In this case, the width of the potential required for the signal can be reduced. It is electrically connected to the line 119 (Cs lines Cs_1 to Cs_n in FIG. 3). The same signal is input to the common electrode 118 and the Cs line 119, This allows the information to be displayed more appropriately.

[0123] For example, when source line inversion driving is performed, positive and negative video signals are generated around the potential of the common electrode. The video signals, i.e., positive and negative polarity video signals, are alternately supplied via the signal line every frame period. In this case, the video signal is also positive with respect to the potential supplied to the Cs line. It is a signal that is negative or positive.

[0124] Next, an example of a pixel configuration that can realize dot inversion driving is shown in Figure 4. In Figure 4, four pixels are The pixel is shown in Figure 1. 1. The signal lines 116_1 and 116_2 correspond to the signal line 116 in FIG. 7_1 and 117_2 correspond to the first scanning line 117, and the second scanning lines 120_1 and 120_2 correspond to the second scanning line 120_2. 2, Cs lines 119_1, 119_2, 419_1, and 419_2 are Cs lines Signals of different polarities are input to the signal lines 116_1 and 116_2. In accordance with the polarity of the Cs line, even if the pixel belongs to the same row, it is different from the adjacent pixel, that is, Cs The lines 119_1, 419_2 or 119_1, 419_2 are used to differentiate the adjacent pixels. The potential is supplied as shown in FIG. 80. By driving as shown in FIG. 80, dot inversion is achieved. Just drive it.

[0125] In addition, when normally black, the signal to display black is Sometimes the signal to display white is |Vsig(0)|, and the potential of the common electrode is Vcom Then, when a positive signal is supplied to the pixel from the signal line, Vcom or more Vsig( 0) It is sufficient that a potential of +Vcom or less is supplied to the Cs line. On the other hand, a negative polarity signal is supplied to the pixel. When Vsig(0) is supplied, a potential between -Vsig(0)+Vcom and Vcom is supplied to the Cs line. It's fine as long as it's provided.

[0126] When a positive polarity signal is supplied to the pixel, Vcom+α or more, Vsig(0)+V When a negative polarity signal is supplied to the pixel, the potential below com is -Vsig(0)+Vc It is preferable that a potential of Vcom-α or more is supplied to the Cs line. sig / 2. Furthermore, when a positive polarity signal is supplied to the pixel, V When a negative signal is supplied to the pixel, the potential of sig(0)+Vcom is -Vsig (0) It is preferable that a potential of +Vcom is supplied.

[0127] In this way, when a positive polarity signal is supplied to the pixel, the potential of the Cs line is Vsig(0 ) + Vcom, and when a negative signal is supplied, it is -Vsig(0) + Vcom. This makes it possible to increase the voltage applied to the second liquid crystal element 122, This makes it possible to easily control the second liquid crystal element 122.

[0128] When a positive polarity signal is supplied to the pixel, the potential of the Cs line is Vsig(0)+Vco If the potential is higher than m, a voltage higher than Vsig(0) will always be applied to the liquid crystal, To display black when in normally black and white when in normally white In addition, when a negative signal is supplied to the pixel, -Vsig(0)+ When a potential lower than Vcom is supplied to the Cs line, the normally-battery It is no longer possible to display black when in rack mode or white when in normally white mode. do.

[0129] In FIG. 80, the potential of Vcom is 0V, and Cs The potential of the Cs line when a negative polarity signal is supplied to the pixel is Vsig(0). The description is for the case where sig(0) is used.

[0130] The method of inversion driving is not limited to the above.

[0131] In addition, the number of wires can be reduced by sharing the wires connected to each pixel between pixels. In this case, if it works properly, various wirings can be shared between pixels. For example, it is possible to share wiring with pixels in the next row. He states:

[0132] The pixel 500 shown in FIG. 5 includes a first switch 111, a second switch 112, and a , a third switch 113, a first resistor 114, a second resistor 115, and a first liquid crystal element 121. , a second liquid crystal element 122, a first storage capacitor 131, and a second storage capacitor 132. The pixel 500 is connected to the signal line 116, the first scanning line 517, the Cs line 119, and the first line of the next row. It is connected to the scan line 517 .

[0133] In the pixel shown in FIG. 1, the second scan line is used as one of the scan lines to control the third switch 113. While scanning line 117 was used in the previous example, the first scanning line 517 of the next row is used in the example shown in FIG. By sharing the wiring with the next row, it is possible to reduce the number of wirings, improving the aperture ratio. It is possible.

[0134] However, in the pixel shown in FIG. 5, writing is completed by turning on the third switch 113. Before this, the first switch 111 and the second switch 112 in the pixels of the next row are turned on. That is, as shown in FIG. 18, in the latter half of the writing period in the pixel 500, The pixels in the i-1th row, ith row, and i+1th row are selected. The operation of the first switch 111 can faithfully represent this period, as in FIG. are excerpted and described below.

[0135] In this way, the pixels of the next row are selected in the latter half of the writing period, The voltage applied to the first liquid crystal element 121 and the second liquid crystal element 122 of the pixel is However, the voltage corresponding to the pixel 500 in the next row changes. Next, the video signal is written, so the third switch 113 is turned on during the write period. This does not pose any particular problem if the latter half of the viewing period is set to a level that does not affect the display. Of course, in the pixel configuration of FIG. 2, the scanning line that controls the first switch 111 is the first scanning line. This does not occur if it is set up separately from 517.

[0136] In the above description, the first switch 111, the second switch 112, and the third switch 113 can take various forms, including electrical switches and mechanical switches. In other words, anything that can control the flow of current is acceptable. For example, a transistor or a diode may be used. A combined logic circuit may also be used.

[0137] As shown in FIG. 6, the second switch 112 and the third switch 113 in FIG. A second transistor 612 and a third transistor 613 are used for each of these. The first resistor 114 and the second resistor 115 in FIG. However, the third transistor 613 may be implemented as , controlled by both signals input to the first scanning line 117 and the second scanning line 120. Therefore, the gate electrode is connected to the first scanning line 117 and the second scanning line 120, respectively. It consists of two connected transistors 620 and 621.

[0138] As described above, the resistance value R2 of the second resistor 115 in FIG. It is preferable that the resistance value of R2 is larger than R1 (R2>R1). The on-resistance of the third transistor 613 is larger than that of the second transistor 612. Therefore, the channel width of the second transistor 612 is set to W2 and the channel length is set to L2, the channel width of the third transistor 613 is W3, and the channel length is L3. It is preferable to use transistors such that 2 / L2>W3 / L3. , the channel length L of the third transistor 613 is the same as that of the series-connected transistor 620, If the channel width W of 621 is equal, the value corresponding to the sum of the channel lengths of each transistor is However, this relationship is not limited to this. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, as shown in FIG. 81, the second switch in FIG. The second transistor 612 and the third switch 113 are connected to the Resistor 613 may be used, eliminating the need for a resistor.

[0139] In addition, a transistor (here, the first transistor) is connected to the first switch 111 in FIG. When a first transistor is used, it is preferable that the on-resistance of the first transistor is lower. If the channel width of the first transistor is W1 and the channel length is L1, W1 / L1 is In the configuration shown in FIG. 83, the first switch 111 is provided with a first The case where the transistor 8411 is used will be described. When compared with the second transistor 612 and the third transistor 613, W1 / L It is preferable to use transistors such that 1>W2 / L2>W3 / L3. , but is not limited to this.

[0140] The connection relationship between the transistors 620 and 621 that constitute the third transistor 613 is as follows: As shown in FIG. 6, the node 142 is connected to the transistor 620 and the transistor 621 in this order. 7. Alternatively, the node 114 may be provided so as to be connected to the Cs line 119 as shown in FIG. 142 is connected to the Cs line 119 via the transistor 621 and the transistor 620 in this order. In the pixel configuration shown in FIG. 7, the third transistor 613 Among the transistors constituting the transistor, the transistor connected to the node 142 is turned off. By doing so, the gate capacitance of the transistor can be made smaller than when it is turned on. Therefore, the first liquid crystal element is discharged more quickly in the first half of the writing period compared to FIG. It is possible to supply a potential to each of the pixel electrodes of the first liquid crystal element 121 and the second liquid crystal element 122. do.

[0141] In order to increase the on-resistance of the third transistor 613, As shown in FIG. 6, the transistor 621 constituting the third transistor 613 has a transistor Alternatively, a multi-gate transistor 821 in which two transistors are connected in series may be used. ,In Fig. 8, the case where two transistors are connected in series is shown. The number of transistors to be connected is not particularly limited.

[0142] The channel length L of the transistor 821 is the sum of the channel length L of the two transistors connected in series. When the channel width W is equal, it acts as the sum of the channel lengths of the transistors. Therefore, W / L tends to be smaller and the on-resistance can be increased. The on-resistance of the transistor 821 can be easily increased by using a multi-gate transistor. Therefore, the on-resistance of the third transistor 613 can be set to the on-resistance of the second transistor It is possible to easily increase the on-resistance compared to 212.

[0143] 6. In addition to the transistor 621, as shown in FIG. 9, the multi- A double-gate transistor 920 may also be used.

[0144] In addition, for example, the on-resistance of the third transistor 613 is When the voltage applied to the second liquid crystal element 122 is very small, the second liquid crystal element 122 When the voltage is lower than the threshold voltage of the liquid crystal, a diode acts as a resistor as shown in FIG. A hard-connected transistor 1014 is connected in series to the third transistor 613. It can also be completed.

[0145] The diode-connected transistor 1014 causes the second storage capacitor 132 to store at least In both cases, a voltage equal to or higher than the threshold voltage of the transistor 1014 can be maintained. , the second liquid crystal element 122 by using a diode-connected transistor 1014 This makes it possible to increase the voltage applied to the second liquid crystal element 122, thereby more reliably enabling the second liquid crystal element 122 to be activated. The diode has nonlinearity and requires a small voltage. This is particularly effective in such cases, since the resistance is higher in the region. It is also possible to use a resistor. The applied potential is shown as positive, and the transistor 1014 is an N-channel transistor. In the example, a transistor is used, and its drain electrode is connected to the third transistor 613. Of course, the transistor 1014 is a P-channel transistor. However, in this case, the third transistor 613 has a source electrode. Connected.

[0146] As described above, when source line inversion or dot inversion driving is performed, the common electrode The positive and negative image signals, that is, the positive and negative image signals, are centered on the potential of In this case, the image signal is supplied to the Cs line. Therefore, the Cs line 119 is connected to the positive polarity image signal The potential can be changed when a negative image signal is input and when a negative image signal is input. In other words, when a negative signal is input, the In this way, the potential of the Cs line 119 is appropriately applied to each pixel electrode. The pixel shown in Figure 10 can handle both positive and negative image signals. The pixel shown in FIG. 11 can be obtained by using the die shown in FIG. A diode-connected transistor 11 is connected in parallel with a diode-connected transistor 1014. In addition, these transistors are of the same conductivity type. In this case, the drain electrodes of the transistors 1014 and 1015 are different from each other. By using this configuration, the potential of the Cs line 119 and the signal line 1114 are Even if the relationship of the potentials supplied from the capacitor 16 is reversed, at least a transistor is generated in the second storage capacitor 132. A voltage equal to or higher than the threshold voltage of the transistor 1014 or the transistor 1414 is maintained. Therefore, it is possible to increase the voltage applied to the second liquid crystal element 122. As a result, the liquid crystal of the second liquid crystal element 122 can be driven more reliably. Even if such a driving method is not used, the pixel configuration shown in FIG. 11 may be used. .

[0147] In this specification, different potentials are supplied to the common electrode 118 and the Cs line 119. Alternatively, the same potential may be supplied to the common electrode 1. 82, the common electrode 18 and the Cs line 119 may be shared. 118 and Cs line 119 are shared using wiring 8300. do.

[0148] 1 to 11 show the case where two liquid crystal elements are provided in one pixel. However, there is no particular restriction on the number of liquid crystal elements included in a pixel. The pixel shown in FIG. 12 has the same configuration as the pixel shown in FIG. 6, but also has a transistor. 12, the pixel includes a transistor 1214, a liquid crystal element 1223, and a storage capacitor 1233. The pixel electrode of the liquid crystal element 1223 is connected to the second transistor 612 and the first switch 111. The pixel electrode of the liquid crystal element 1223 is connected to the signal line 116 via the second transistor. If the connection point with the transistor 612 is a node 1200, the node 1200 is a node The transistor 1214 is connected to the node 142 via the gate The electrode is connected to the first scan line 1 as well as the second transistor 612 and the third transistor 613. 17. The node 1200 is connected to the Cs line 119 via a storage capacitor 1233. In this way, in FIG. 12, the transistor 1214 and the liquid crystal element 1223 are connected. and a storage capacitor 1233 are connected to the second transistor 612 and the node 142. In addition, the number of liquid crystal elements included in the pixel is increased. To increase the number of units, for example, the number of units 1201 may be increased. It is not something that can be done.

[0149] Furthermore, one pixel may have a plurality of the pixel configurations described above. is shown in Figure 13. The pixel shown in Figure 13 has two sub-pixels 1300a and 1300b, These sub-pixels are used to express the gradation of one pixel. Each pixel has the pixel configuration shown in FIG. 6. However, the sub-pixels 1300a and 1300b The signal line 116, the first scanning line 117, and the second scanning line 120 connected to the The Cs connected to the sub-pixels 1300a and 1300b are shared between them. By supplying different potentials to the lines 119, the liquid crystal elements belonging to each sub-pixel In this way, the liquid crystal in each sub-pixel can be By utilizing the difference in orientation of the liquid crystal, it is possible to further improve the viewing angle.

[0150] 13, the signal line 116, the first scanning line 117, and the second scanning line 118 are connected between the sub-pixels. The case where the scanning line 120 is used as a common wiring has been shown, but as shown in FIG. Only the first scan line 117 and the second scan line 120 are used as sub-pixels 1400a, 1400b. 15, only the signal line 116 may be shared between the sub-pixels 1500 and 1501. The sub-pixels may be shared between 1500a and 1500b, and the gradation of one pixel may be expressed using these sub-pixels. The wiring shared between the sub-pixels is not limited to the above, and may be the Cs line 119. Alternatively, two or more wirings may be shared as shown in FIG. 13 and FIG.

[0151] The shared wiring does not need to be wiring that functions in the same way between sub-pixels. For example, As shown in FIG. 16, the third switch 113 of one sub-pixel 1600a is controlled. The other sub-pixel 117 is located on a scanning line different from the first scanning line 117. It is also possible to use the first scan line 117 of 600b.

[0152] The pixel shown in FIG. 16 is a pixel having a sub-pixel 1600a and a sub-pixel 1600b. Before the writing is completed, the first switch 111 and the second switch 112 in the pixel of the next row are turned on. Therefore, the first liquid crystal element 121 and the second liquid crystal element 112 in the next row are turned on. The voltage applied to the liquid crystal element 122 of the pixel changes from the voltage corresponding to the gray level of the pixel. However, as in the pixel configuration of FIG. 6, the pixel in the next row is the sub-pixel 1600a Since the video signal is written next to the pixel having the sub-pixel 1600b, the third switch The period during which the switch 113 is turned on, i.e., the latter half of the writing period, is set to a degree that does not affect the display. There is no particular problem with doing so.

[0153] 13 to 16, when one pixel is configured by sub-pixels having the same configuration, However, the configuration may be different between the sub-pixels. The first switch 111, the second switch 112 and the third switch 113 are controlled using the same scanning line. However, as shown in Figure 2, it is possible to control the scanning line using different scanning lines. is also good.

[0154] As described above, the viewing angle characteristics can be improved by using the present invention. This configuration allows the display to be driven without causing a decrease in display quality. It is therefore possible to provide a liquid crystal display device with a high image quality.

[0155] In this embodiment, various drawings have been used to explain the present invention. (Part of the figure may be used) refers to the application, combination, or Furthermore, in the figures described above, Each part can be combined with other parts to form more figures. This can be done.

[0156] Similarly, the contents (or even a part thereof) described in each drawing of this embodiment may be applied to the drawings of other embodiments. Please feel free to apply, combine, or replace the contents (even a part) described in Furthermore, in the drawings of this embodiment, each part may be implemented in a different manner. By combining parts of the form, even more figures can be constructed.

[0157] This embodiment may embody the contents (or even a part thereof) described in other embodiments. An example of a case where it has been slightly modified, an example of a case where it has been partially modified, an example of a case where it has been improved, Examples of detailed descriptions, examples of applications, examples of related parts, etc. Therefore, the contents described in the other embodiments may be applied to and combined with this embodiment. can be freely combined or substituted.

[0158] (Embodiment 2) In this embodiment, an example of a pixel configuration different from that in Embodiment 1 will be described. The pixel includes a first switch 111, a second switch 1712, a third switch 113, a first The first resistor 114, the second resistor 115, the first liquid crystal element 121, the second liquid crystal element 122, the first The pixel has a first storage capacitor 131 and a second storage capacitor 132. It is connected to the first scanning line 117, the second scanning line 120 and the Cs line 119.

[0159] The first switch 111 is turned on and off by a signal input to the first scanning line 117. The second switch 1712 and the third switch 113 are turned on and off to control the first scanning line 117 and The signal is controlled by both the first and second scanning lines 120. In the pixel, the second switch 1712 switches both the first scan line 117 and the second scan line 120. The pixel configuration shown in Figure 1 differs from that shown in Figure 1 in that it is controlled by one signal. The reference numerals are used commonly between the drawings, and the explanations thereof will be omitted.

[0160] In the pixel shown in FIG. 19, the first switch 111 is connected in the same manner as in the pixel shown in FIG. The second switch 1712 and the third switch 113 are used to divide the writing period into the first half and the second half. Divide in half.

[0161] When a high level signal is input to the first scanning line 117, the first switch 111 When the signal is turned on and an H level is input to both the first scanning line 117 and the second scanning line 120, The case where the second switch 1712 and the third switch 113 are turned on only when .

[0162] First, in the first half of the writing period, the first scanning line 117 is set to H level, and the second scanning line 1 20, an L level is input to turn on the first switch 111. At this time, the second switch By turning off the first switch 1712 and the third switch 113, the image of the first liquid crystal element 121 is This makes it possible to quickly supply a potential to the element electrodes.

[0163] After that, in the latter half of the writing period, the H level is also input to the second scanning line 120. In addition to the first switch 111, the second switch 1712 and the third switch 113 are In this way, the signal line 116 and the Cs line 119, which had been electrically disconnected, are As a result, the first liquid crystal element 121 is electrically connected to the first liquid crystal element 121 in the first half of the writing period. The potential supplied to the pixel electrode can be quickly adjusted to the optimum potential according to the gradation of the pixel. In addition, a potential corresponding to the gradation of the pixel is also supplied to the pixel electrode of the second liquid crystal element 122.

[0164] In this way, the potential difference maintained in the first liquid crystal element 121 and the second liquid crystal element 122 That is, the gray scale of the pixel is expressed by using a voltage. Since different voltages are applied to the two liquid crystal elements, the liquid crystals in each element are oriented differently. Therefore, the viewing angle characteristics can be improved. It becomes possible to write in.

[0165] The gradation expressed by a pixel is determined by the first liquid crystal element 121 and the second liquid crystal element 122 in the pixel. Since it is determined by the orientation of the liquid crystal in each of the liquid crystal elements 122, The potential corresponding to the gradation of the pixel to be applied must be determined taking these factors into consideration.

[0166] Also in FIG. 19, the first switch 111, the second switch 1712, and the third switch The switch 113 can be of various types, including an electrical switch and a mechanical switch. In other words, anything that can control the flow of current can be used. For example, a transistor or a diode may be used. A logic circuit combining these may also be used.

[0167] 6, the second switch 1712 and the second switch 1713 in FIG. 19 are and the third switch 113 are respectively provided with a second transistor 1722 and a third transistor 613, and the on-resistance of these transistors is used to calculate the first resistor in FIG. The resistor 114 and the second resistor 115 may be implemented, and these resistors may be omitted. The second transistor 1722 and the third transistor 613 are connected to the first scan line 117. and the second scan line 120. Therefore, each of the second transistor 1722 and the third transistor 613 has a gate electrode It consists of two transistors connected to the first scanning line 117 and the second scanning line, respectively. will be done.

[0168] In addition, the signal line 116 and the Cs line 119 are electrically disconnected in the first half of the write period. 1 in the first embodiment, only the third switch 113 is shown, and in FIG. 19, only the second switch 114 is shown. The first switch 1712 and the third switch 113 are used, but the present invention is not limited to these. For example, as shown in FIG. 21, only the second switch 1712 may be provided. The first switch 111 and the third switch 1733 are turned on and off to the first scanning line 117. The second switch 1712 is turned on and off by the input signal, and the first scanning line 117 and The two scan lines 120 are controlled by both signals input to the two scan lines 120.

[0169] 22, the second switch 1712 and the third switch 1713 in FIG. 1733, a second transistor 1722 and a third transistor 1743 are used. , and the on-resistance of these transistors is used to calculate the first resistor 114 and The second resistor 115 may be implemented and these resistors may be omitted.

[0170] As shown in the first embodiment, the number of liquid crystal elements included in one pixel is not particularly limited. For example, as shown in FIG. 23, the node 141 and the transistor 1722 in FIG. A unit having a transistor 1750, a liquid crystal element 1751, and a storage capacitor 1752 therebetween. In the first half of the writing period, the signal line 116 and The switch used to electrically disconnect the Cs line 119 is a transistor 1722 or a transistor The transistors included in the unit are not limited to the transistor 613, and may be used to connect the signal line 116 and The Cs line 119 may be electrically disconnected.

[0171] As described above, the viewing angle characteristics can be improved by using the present invention. This configuration allows the display to be driven without causing a decrease in display quality. It is therefore possible to provide a liquid crystal display device with a high image quality. In this embodiment, various drawings have been used to explain the present invention. (Part of the figure may be used) refers to the application, combination, or Furthermore, in the figures described above, Each part can be combined with other parts to form more figures. This can be done.

[0172] Similarly, the contents (or even a part thereof) described in each drawing of this embodiment may be applied to the drawings of other embodiments. Please feel free to apply, combine, or replace the contents (even a part) described in Furthermore, in the drawings of this embodiment, each part may be implemented in a different manner. By combining parts of the form, even more figures can be constructed.

[0173] This embodiment may embody the contents (or even a part thereof) described in other embodiments. An example of a case where it has been slightly modified, an example of a case where it has been partially modified, an example of a case where it has been improved, Examples of detailed descriptions, examples of applications, examples of related parts, etc. Therefore, the contents described in the other embodiments may be applied to and combined with this embodiment. can be freely combined or substituted.

[0174] (Embodiment 3) In this embodiment, an example of a pixel configuration different from that in the first embodiment will be described. The pixel includes a switch 111, a transistor 612, a transistor 613, and a first liquid crystal element 1. 21, the second liquid crystal element 122, the first storage capacitor 131, the second storage capacitor 132 and the third The pixel shown in FIG. 24 has a storage capacitor 1601. The pixel shown in FIG. 17, the second scanning line 120 and the Cs line 119 are connected. Transistor 62 is one of the transistors constituting transistor 613 in pixel 6. A third storage capacitor 1901 is provided between one electrode of the transistor 1900 and the node 142. Note that the same reference numerals are used in common between the drawings and their explanations will be omitted. do.

[0175] The pixel shown in FIG. 24 can be operated in the same manner as the pixel shown in FIG. By providing the third storage capacitor 1901, the voltage supplied to the pixel electrode of the second liquid crystal element 122 is It takes time for the potential of the first liquid crystal element 12 to reach a potential corresponding to the desired gradation. The response speed of the liquid crystal of the second liquid crystal element 122, to which a voltage lower than that of the first liquid crystal element 122 is applied, is deliberately slowed down. By doing so, the viewing angle can be further improved. The gradation to be displayed is determined by the first liquid crystal element 121 and the second liquid crystal element 122 in the pixel. Since the potential is determined by the orientation of the liquid crystal, the potential supplied from the signal line 116 is determined taking these into consideration. Determine.

[0176] As shown in FIG. 25, the third storage capacitor 1911 is connected between the transistor 612 and the node 14 2. In FIG. 25, the pixel operates in the same manner as the pixel shown in FIG. 24, the pixel electrode of the second liquid crystal element 122 It takes time for the voltage to reach the potential corresponding to the gradation to be supplied. In this case, the voltage applied to the second liquid crystal element 122 is Taking into consideration that the signal is determined by the capacitance division with the third storage capacitor 1911, The potential to be supplied by line 116 must be determined.

[0177] In the pixel configuration described above, as in the first embodiment, the gradation expressed by the pixel is The liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal element 121 and the second liquid crystal element 122 in the element are aligned in a different direction. Since the polarity is determined by the polarity, the viewing angle can be improved. This configuration allows the liquid crystal display device to be driven without any distortion, resulting in a higher display quality. It will be possible to provide.

[0178] In this embodiment, various drawings have been used to explain the present invention. (Part of the figure may be used) refers to the application, combination, or Furthermore, in the figures described above, Each part can be combined with other parts to form more figures. This can be done.

[0179] Similarly, the contents (or even a part thereof) described in each drawing of this embodiment may be applied to the drawings of other embodiments. Please feel free to apply, combine, or replace the contents (even a part) described in Furthermore, in the drawings of this embodiment, each part may be implemented in a different manner. By combining parts of the form, even more figures can be constructed.

[0180] This embodiment may embody the contents (or even a part thereof) described in other embodiments. An example of a case where it has been slightly modified, an example of a case where it has been partially modified, an example of a case where it has been improved, Examples of detailed descriptions, examples of applications, examples of related parts, etc. Therefore, the contents described in the other embodiments may be applied to and combined with this embodiment. can be freely combined or substituted.

[0181] (Fourth embodiment) In this embodiment, an example of a pixel configuration different from those in Embodiments 1 to 3 will be described. The pixel shown in FIG. 6 includes a switch 111, a transistor 612, a transistor 613, and a transistor 1924, the first liquid crystal element 121, the second liquid crystal element 122, the first storage capacitor 131, It has a second storage capacitor 132 and a third storage capacitor 1921. The pixel shown in FIG. , connected to a signal line 116, a first scanning line 117, a second scanning line 120 and a Cs line 119. 6 shown in Embodiment 1, a transistor 1924 and a third transistor The same reference numerals as in FIG. 6 are used to indicate the same components as in FIG. It is commonly used in the above, and its explanation will be omitted.

[0182] The third storage capacitor 1921 is connected to the node 142, the first electrode of the second storage capacitor 132, and the third electrode of the second storage capacitor 132. The connection point between the pixel electrode of the second liquid crystal element 122 and the wiring is designated as a node 1922. Then, it is provided between the node 1922 and the pixel electrode of the second liquid crystal element 122. In addition, the transistor 1924 is connected to the third storage capacitor 1921 and the pixel voltage of the second liquid crystal element 122. If the connection point with the pole is node 1923, then the That is, the node 1923 is connected to the signal line 116 via the transistor 1924. This transistor 1924 is connected to the switch 111, the transistor 612, and the transistor As with the transistor 620, the on / off state is controlled by a signal input to the first scanning line 117. can be.

[0183] The pixel shown in FIG. 26 can be operated in the same manner as the pixel shown in FIG. In the pixel shown in FIG. 26, the pixel electrodes of the first liquid crystal element 121 and the second liquid crystal element 122 are simultaneously supplied with power from the signal line 116 via the switch 111 and the transistor 1924, respectively. Therefore, the potential of the pixel electrode of each liquid crystal element is set to a value corresponding to the gradation of the pixel. It can be quickly adjusted to the optimum potential, which is effective for high-speed operation. Also, in the pixel shown in FIG. 26, the gradation expressed by the pixel is determined by the first liquid crystal Since the orientation of the liquid crystal in each of the element 121 and the second liquid crystal element 122 is determined, the viewing angle is The on-resistance of the transistor 1924 is It is preferable that the on-resistance is larger than that of 11.

[0184] As described above, the present invention can improve the viewing angle characteristics. This configuration allows for driving without a decrease in trust, resulting in better display quality. It is therefore possible to provide a high-quality liquid crystal display device.

[0185] In this embodiment, various drawings have been used to explain the present invention. (Part of the figure may be used) refers to the application, combination, or Furthermore, in the figures described above, Each part can be combined with other parts to form more figures. This can be done.

[0186] Similarly, the contents (or even a part thereof) described in each drawing of this embodiment may be applied to the drawings of other embodiments. Please feel free to apply, combine, or replace the contents (even a part) described in Furthermore, in the drawings of this embodiment, each part may be implemented in a different manner. By combining parts of the form, even more figures can be constructed.

[0187] This embodiment may embody the contents (or even a part thereof) described in other embodiments. An example of a case where it has been slightly modified, an example of a case where it has been partially modified, an example of a case where it has been improved, Examples of detailed descriptions, examples of applications, examples of related parts, etc. Therefore, the contents described in the other embodiments may be applied to and combined with this embodiment. can be freely combined or substituted.

[0188] (Embodiment 5) In this embodiment, an example of a pixel configuration different from those in Embodiments 1 to 4 will be described. The pixel shown in FIG. 1 includes a switch 111, a transistor 612, a transistor 613, and a first liquid crystal element 121, a second liquid crystal element 122, a first storage capacitor 131, a second storage capacitor 132, and The pixel shown in FIG. 27 has a signal line 116, a first scanning line 117, a third storage capacitor 1931, and a second scanning line 118. The first scanning line 117, the second scanning line 120 and the Cs line 119 are connected to the The pixel shown in FIG. 6 further includes a third storage capacitor 1931. The same reference numerals as those in FIG. 2 are used in common between the drawings, and the explanation thereof will be omitted.

[0189] The third storage capacitor 1931 is connected to the node 142, the first electrode of the second storage capacitor 132, and the third electrode of the second storage capacitor 132. The connection point between the pixel electrode of the second liquid crystal element 122 and the wiring is designated as a node 1932. In this case, the node 1932 is provided between the pixel electrode of the second liquid crystal element 122 .

[0190] The pixel shown in FIG. 27 can be operated in the same manner as the pixel shown in FIG. By providing the third storage capacitor 1931, the voltage supplied to the pixel electrode of the second liquid crystal element 122 is It takes time for the potential to reach the level that corresponds to the desired gray level. The voltage applied to the second liquid crystal element 122 can be improved. Since it is determined by the capacitance division with the capacitance 1931, a small voltage is applied to the second liquid crystal element 122. This is effective when you want to apply a voltage.

[0191] In the pixel according to this embodiment, the gradation expressed by the pixel is determined by the first liquid crystal Since the orientation of the liquid crystal in each of the element 121 and the second liquid crystal element 122 is determined, the viewing angle is The field angle can be improved.

[0192] In this embodiment, various drawings have been used to explain the present invention. (Part of the figure may be used) refers to the application, combination, or Furthermore, in the figures described above, Each part can be combined with other parts to form more figures. This can be done.

[0193] Similarly, the contents (or even a part thereof) described in each drawing of this embodiment may be applied to the drawings of other embodiments. Please feel free to apply, combine, or replace the contents (even a part) described in Furthermore, in the drawings of this embodiment, each part may be implemented in a different manner. By combining parts of the form, even more figures can be constructed.

[0194] This embodiment may embody the contents (or even a part thereof) described in other embodiments. An example of a case where it has been slightly modified, an example of a case where it has been partially modified, an example of a case where it has been improved, Examples of detailed descriptions, examples of applications, examples of related parts, etc. Therefore, the contents described in the other embodiments may be applied to and combined with this embodiment. can be freely combined or substituted.

[0195] (Embodiment 6) In this embodiment, the pixel structure of a display device will be described. The pixel structure will be described.

[0196] The cross-sectional view of the pixel is shown for the pixel structure when each liquid crystal mode and transistor are combined. Please refer to the following for explanation.

[0197] The transistors are made of amorphous silicon, polycrystalline silicon, microcrystalline silicon, It has a non-single-crystal semiconductor layer, typically silicon (also called amorphous or semi-amorphous). Thin film transistors (TFTs) can be used. The top gate type or bottom gate type can be used. As the gate type transistor, a channel etch type or a channel protection type may be used. can be done.

[0198] FIG. 28 is an example of a cross-sectional view of a pixel in the case where the TN system and a transistor are combined. The features of the pixel structure shown in FIG. 28 will be described.

[0199] The liquid crystal molecule 2018 shown in Figure 28 is a long and thin molecule with a long axis and a short axis. The orientation of the liquid crystal molecules 2018 is expressed by the length of the liquid crystal molecules shown in the figure. The long axis of the liquid crystal molecule 2018 is oriented in the direction of the paper (the cross-sectional direction shown in Figure 28). The shorter the liquid crystal molecule 2018, the closer its long axis is to the normal to the paper. The liquid crystal molecules 2018 shown in FIG. The direction of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules is different by 90 degrees between the one closest to the first substrate 2016 and the one closest to the second substrate 2016. The liquid crystal molecules 2018 located between the substrates are oriented in the same direction as the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules 2018. In other words, the liquid crystal molecules 2018 shown in FIG. The liquid crystal molecules are oriented in a 90-degree twisted state between the first substrate 2001 and the second substrate 2016. are.

[0200] Note that a bottom-gate transistor using an amorphous semiconductor is used as the transistor. When a transistor using an amorphous semiconductor is used, a large-area substrate By using the plate, a liquid crystal display device can be manufactured inexpensively.

[0201] A liquid crystal display device has a key component called a liquid crystal panel that displays images. Two processed substrates are bonded together with a gap of several micrometers. The liquid crystal is formed by injecting a liquid crystal material between two substrates. In FIG. 28, the liquid crystal 201 is sandwiched between two substrates. The first substrate 200 is sandwiched between a first substrate 2001 and a second substrate 2016. The first substrate 2011 has a transistor and a pixel electrode formed thereon, and the second substrate 2016 has a light-shielding film 201 4, a color filter 2015, a fourth conductive layer 2013, a spacer 2017, and a second wiring A membrane 2012 is formed.

[0202] By providing the light-shielding film 2014, a display device with little light leakage when displaying black can be obtained. It is not necessary to form the light-shielding film 2014 on the second substrate 2016. If the light-shielding film 2014 is not formed, the number of steps can be reduced. This allows for a reduction in manufacturing costs and an improvement in yield.

[0203] The color filter 2015 may not be formed on the second substrate 2016. Even if the filter 2015 is not formed, the number of processes can be reduced, just like the light-shielding film. This allows for a reduction in manufacturing costs and an improvement in yield. In the case where the color filter 2015 is not formed, the field sequential driving This makes it possible to obtain a display device capable of displaying in color.

[0204] Also, spherical spacers may be scattered instead of the spacers 2017. In the case of spraying, the number of steps is reduced, which reduces the manufacturing cost. On the other hand, when the spacer 2017 is formed, the spacer Since the position of the boards does not vary, it is easier to keep the distance between the two boards constant, and the surface A display device with little display unevenness can be obtained.

[0205] Next, processing to be performed on the first substrate 2001 will be described.

[0206] First, a first insulating film 2002 is formed on a first substrate 2001 by a method such as sputtering, printing, or coating. The first insulating film 2002 is formed by preventing impurities from the substrate from affecting the semiconductor layer. However, the function of the substrate is to prevent the characteristics of the transistor from changing. When quartz is used as the plate 2001, the first insulating film 2002 is not formed. That's fine.

[0207] Next, a first conductive layer 2003 is formed on the first insulating film 2002 by photolithography and laser. The ink jet printing method or the like is used.

[0208] Next, a second insulating film 2004 is formed on the entire surface by a sputtering method, a printing method, a coating method, or the like. The second insulating film 2004 prevents impurities from the substrate from affecting the semiconductor layer and causing transistors. It has the function of preventing the properties of the transistor from changing.

[0209] Next, a first semiconductor layer 2005 and a second semiconductor layer 2006 are formed. The semiconductor layer 2005 and the second semiconductor layer 2006 are formed successively, and their shapes are formed simultaneously. It is processed into

[0210] Next, a second conductive layer 2007 is formed by photolithography, laser direct writing or ink jet printing. The second conductive layer 2007 is formed by a method such as a soldering method. As the etching method to be used, dry etching is preferably used. The second conductive layer 2007 may be made of a transparent material or a reflective material. Fees may also be used.

[0211] Next, a channel region of a transistor is formed. An example of this process will be described. The conductive layer 2006 is etched using the second conductive layer 2007 as a mask. The mask is used to process the shape of the second conductive layer 2007. The first semiconductor layer 2005 in the portion where the second semiconductor layer 2006 has been removed may be This will be the channel region of the transistor. By forming the channel region in this way, This allows the number of sheets to be reduced, thereby reducing manufacturing costs.

[0212] Next, a third insulating film 2008 is formed, and the third insulating film 2008 is selectively contacted. When a contact hole is formed in the third insulating film 2008, At the same time, contact holes may be formed in the second insulating film 2004. The surface of the veil 2008 is preferably as flat as possible. This is because the unevenness of the surface of the insulating film 2008 in 3 affects the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules.

[0213] Next, the third conductive layer 2009 is formed by photolithography, laser direct writing or ink jet printing. It is formed by the lithography method, etc.

[0214] Next, a first alignment film 2010 is formed. After the first alignment film 2010 is formed, the liquid crystal A rubbing treatment may be carried out to control the molecular orientation.

[0215] The first substrate 2001, the light-shielding film 2014, and the color filter 2015 are then combined. , the fourth conductive layer 2013, the spacer 2017, and the second alignment film 2012 are formed on the second substrate 2011. The substrate 2016 is attached to the substrate 2016 with a gap of several micrometers. Then, liquid crystal material is injected between the two substrates. The conductive layer 2013 is formed on the entire surface of the second substrate 2016 .

[0216] Figure 29(A) shows the MVA (Multi-domain Vertical Alignment) FIG. 29 is an example of a cross-sectional view of a pixel in which the ent) method is combined with a transistor. By applying the pixel structure shown in (A) to the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, the viewing angle can be further increased. It can be made bigger.

[0217] Using the pixel structure shown in Figure 29(A), we will discuss the characteristics of the pixel structure of the MVA liquid crystal panel. The liquid crystal molecule 2118 shown in FIG. 29(A) is the liquid crystal molecule 201 shown in FIG. Like 8, it is a long and thin molecule with a long axis and a short axis. The orientation of the liquid crystal molecules 2118 is expressed by the length of the liquid crystal molecules shown in the figure. The liquid crystal molecules 2118 shown in Fig. 9(A) are aligned so that their long axes are normal to the alignment film. The liquid crystal molecules 2118 in the area where the alignment control protrusions 2119 are located are aligned as shown in FIG. The light is oriented radially around the direction control protrusion 2119. A liquid crystal display device with a large viewing angle can be obtained.

[0218] Note that a bottom-gate transistor using an amorphous semiconductor is used as the transistor. When a transistor using an amorphous semiconductor is used, a large-area substrate By using the plate, a liquid crystal display device can be manufactured inexpensively.

[0219] In FIG. 29(A), the two substrates sandwiching the liquid crystal 2111 are a first substrate 2101 and a second substrate 2102. The first substrate 2101 corresponds to the second substrate 2116. The first substrate 2101 includes transistors and pixels. Electrodes are formed on the second substrate 2116, and a light-shielding film 2114, a color filter 2115, A fourth conductive layer 2113, a spacer 2117, a second alignment film 2112, and an alignment control protrusion 2119 is formed.

[0220] By providing the light-shielding film 2114, a display device with little light leakage when displaying black can be obtained. The light-shielding film 2114 does not necessarily have to be formed on the second substrate 2116. If the light-shielding film 2114 is not formed, the number of steps can be reduced. This allows for a reduction in manufacturing costs and an improvement in yield.

[0221] Furthermore, the color filter 2115 does not necessarily have to be formed on the second substrate 2116. Even when the filter 2115 is not formed, the number of steps can be reduced, similar to the case of the light-shielding film. This allows for a reduction in manufacturing costs and an improvement in yield. In the case where the color filter 2115 is not formed, the field sequential driving This makes it possible to obtain a display device capable of displaying in color.

[0222] Also, instead of the spacers 2117, spherical spacers may be scattered. In the case of spraying, the number of steps is reduced, which reduces the manufacturing cost. On the other hand, when the spacer 2117 is formed, the spacer Since the position of the boards does not vary, it is easier to keep the distance between the two boards constant, and the surface A display device with little display unevenness can be obtained.

[0223] The processing performed on the first substrate 2101 will be described.

[0224] First, a first insulating film 2102 is formed on a first substrate 2101 by a method such as sputtering, printing, or coating. The first insulating film 2102 is formed by preventing impurities from the substrate from affecting the semiconductor layer. However, the function of the substrate is to prevent the characteristics of the transistor from changing. When quartz is used as the plate 2101, the first insulating film 2102 is not formed. That's fine.

[0225] Next, a first conductive layer 2103 is formed on the first insulating film 2102 by photolithography, laser beam irradiation, and the like. The ink jet printing method or the like is used.

[0226] Next, a second insulating film 2104 is formed on the entire surface by a sputtering method, a printing method, a coating method, or the like. The second insulating film 2104 prevents impurities from the substrate from affecting the semiconductor layer and causing transistors. It has the function of preventing the properties of the transistor from changing.

[0227] Next, a first semiconductor layer 2105 and a second semiconductor layer 2106 are formed. The semiconductor layer 2105 and the second semiconductor layer 2106 are deposited successively, and their shapes are formed simultaneously. It is processed into

[0228] Next, a second conductive layer 2107 is formed by photolithography, laser direct writing or ink jet printing. The second conductive layer 2107 is formed by a method such as a soldering method. As the etching method to be used, dry etching is preferably used. The second conductive layer 2107 may be made of a transparent material or a reflective material. Fees may also be used.

[0229] Next, a channel region of a transistor is formed. An example of this process will be described. The conductive layer 225 is etched using the second conductive layer 2107 as a mask. The mask may be etched using a mask for processing the shape of the second conductive layer 2107. Then, the first semiconductor layer 2105 in the portion where the second semiconductor layer 2106 has been removed is removed. This will be the channel region of the transistor. By forming the channel region in this way, the mask sheet This allows the number of components to be reduced, thereby reducing manufacturing costs.

[0230] Next, a third insulating film 2108 is formed, and the third insulating film 2108 is selectively contacted. When a contact hole is formed in the third insulating film 2108, At the same time, contact holes may also be formed in the second insulating film 2104 .

[0231] Next, a third conductive layer 2109 is formed by photolithography, laser direct writing or ink jet printing. It is formed by the lithography method, etc.

[0232] Next, a first alignment film 2110 is formed. After the first alignment film 2110 is formed, the liquid crystal A rubbing treatment may be carried out to control the molecular orientation.

[0233] The first substrate 2101, the light-shielding film 2114, and the color filter 2115 are formed as described above. , the fourth conductive layer 2113, the spacer 2117, and the second alignment film 2112 were formed. The substrate 2116 is attached to the substrate 2116 with a gap of several micrometers. Then, liquid crystal material is injected between the two substrates.

[0234] In the MVA method, the fourth conductive layer 2113 is formed on the entire surface of the second substrate 2116. Furthermore, an alignment control protrusion 2119 is formed in contact with the fourth conductive layer 2113. The shape of the alignment control protrusion 2119 is preferably a shape with a smoothly curved surface. This reduces alignment defects of the liquid crystal molecules 2118 caused by the alignment control protrusions 2119. Furthermore, it is possible to prevent the alignment film formed on the alignment control protrusion 2119 from being cut off. Therefore, defects in the alignment film due to the step can be reduced.

[0235] Figure 29(B) shows PVA (Patterned Vertical Alignment) FIG. 29(B) is an example of a cross-sectional view of a pixel in which the method and the transistor are combined. By applying the pixel structure shown in FIG. 1 to the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, the viewing angle can be further increased. It is possible.

[0236] The characteristics of the pixel structure shown in FIG. 29(B) will be described. 29(B) in the same manner as the liquid crystal molecule 2018 shown in FIG. 28. The orientation of 148 is expressed by the length of the liquid crystal molecules shown in the figure. The liquid crystal molecules 2148 shown in FIG. 1 are aligned so that their long axes are normal to the alignment film. In addition, the electrode cutout portion 2149 where the fourth conductive layer 2143 is not provided is The liquid crystal molecules 2148 present in the vicinity are located between the electrode cutout portion 2149 and the fourth conductive layer 2143. The liquid crystal molecules are aligned radially around the boundary. This allows for a wide viewing angle. A display device can be obtained.

[0237] Note that a bottom-gate transistor using an amorphous semiconductor is used as the transistor. When a transistor using an amorphous semiconductor is used, a large-area substrate By using the plate, a liquid crystal display device can be manufactured inexpensively.

[0238] In FIG. 29(B), the two substrates sandwiching the liquid crystal 2141 are the first substrate 2131 and the second substrate 2132. The first substrate 2131 corresponds to the second substrate 2146. The first substrate 2131 includes transistors and pixels. Electrodes are formed on the second substrate 2146, and a light-shielding film 2144, a color filter 2145, A fourth conductive layer 2143, a spacer 2147, and a second alignment film 2142 are formed. .

[0239] By providing the light-shielding film 2144, a display device with little light leakage when displaying black can be obtained. The light-shielding film 2144 does not necessarily have to be formed on the second substrate 2146. If the light-shielding film 2144 is not formed, the number of steps can be reduced. This allows for a reduction in manufacturing costs and an improvement in yield.

[0240] The color filter 2145 may not be formed on the second substrate 2146. Even when the filter 2145 is not formed, the number of steps can be reduced, similar to the case of the light-shielding film. This allows for a reduction in manufacturing costs and an improvement in yield. In the case where the color filter 2145 is not formed, the field sequential driving This makes it possible to obtain a display device capable of displaying in color.

[0241] Also, instead of the spacers 2147, spherical spacers may be scattered. In the case of spraying, the number of steps is reduced, which reduces the manufacturing cost. On the other hand, when the spacer 2147 is formed, the spacer Since the position of the boards does not vary, it is easier to keep the distance between the two boards constant, and the surface A display device with little display unevenness can be obtained.

[0242] The processing performed on the first substrate 2131 will be described.

[0243] First, a first insulating film 2132 is formed on a first substrate 2131 by sputtering, printing or coating. The first insulating film 2132 is formed by preventing impurities from the substrate from affecting the semiconductor layer. However, the function of the semiconductor device is to prevent the characteristics of the transistor from being changed. When quartz is used as the substrate 2131, the first insulating film 2132 is not formed. It's okay.

[0244] Next, a first conductive layer 2133 is formed on the first insulating film 2132 by photolithography, laser beam irradiation, and the like. The ink jet printing method or the like is used.

[0245] Next, a second insulating film 2134 is formed on the entire surface by a sputtering method, a printing method, a coating method, or the like. The second insulating film 2134 prevents impurities from the substrate from affecting the semiconductor layer and causing transistors. It has the function of preventing the properties of the transistor from changing.

[0246] Next, a first semiconductor layer 2135 and a second semiconductor layer 2136 are formed. The semiconductor layer 2135 and the second semiconductor layer 2136 are deposited successively, and their shapes are formed simultaneously. It is processed into

[0247] Next, a second conductive layer 2137 is formed by photolithography, laser direct writing or ink jet printing. The second conductive layer 2137 is formed by a method such as a soldering method. As the etching method to be used, dry etching is preferably used. The second conductive layer 2137 may be made of a transparent material or a reflective material. Fees may also be used.

[0248] Next, a channel region of a transistor is formed. An example of this process will be described. The conductive layer 2136 is etched using the second conductive layer 2137 as a mask. The mask is used to process the shape of the second conductive layer 2137. The first semiconductor layer 2135 in the portion where the second semiconductor layer 2136 has been removed may be This will be the channel region of the transistor. By forming the channel region in this way, This allows the number of sheets to be reduced, thereby reducing manufacturing costs.

[0249] Next, a third insulating film 2138 is formed, and the third insulating film 2138 is selectively contacted. When a contact hole is formed in the third insulating film 2138, At the same time, contact holes may also be formed in the second insulating film 2134 .

[0250] Next, a third conductive layer 2139 is formed by photolithography, laser direct writing or ink jet printing. It is formed by the lithography method, etc.

[0251] Next, a first alignment film 2140 is formed. After the first alignment film 2140 is formed, the liquid crystal A rubbing treatment may be carried out to control the molecular orientation.

[0252] The first substrate 2131, the light-shielding film 2144, and the color filter 2145 are formed as described above. The second substrate on which the fourth conductive layer 2143, the spacer 2147 and the second alignment film 2142 were formed. The substrate 2146 is attached with a sealant, leaving a gap of several micrometers. Then, liquid crystal material is injected between the two substrates.

[0253] In the PVA method, the fourth conductive layer 2143 is patterned, and the electrode notch The shape of the electrode notch 2149 is not particularly limited, but may be different. It is preferable that the shape is a combination of multiple rectangles with the same orientation. Since multiple regions with different orientations can be formed, a liquid crystal display device with a wide viewing angle can be obtained. The fourth conductive layer 2143 can be formed at the boundary between the electrode cutout 2149 and the fourth conductive layer 2143. The shape of the layer 2143 preferably has a smooth slope to its base. This reduces the alignment defects of the liquid crystal molecules 2148 adjacent to the inclined surface. Since it is possible to prevent the alignment film formed on the layer 2143 from being cut off, the cut off caused by the cut off can be prevented. It is also possible to reduce defects in the alignment film.

[0254] Figure 30(A) shows the IPS (In-Plane-Switching) method and the transistor 30(A) is an example of a cross-sectional view of a pixel when the pixel structure shown in FIG. By applying this to a bright liquid crystal display device, the viewing angle can be further increased.

[0255] The characteristics of the pixel structure shown in FIG. 30(A) will be described. 248 is a long and thin molecule with a long axis and a short axis, similar to the liquid crystal molecule 2018 shown in Figure 28. Therefore, in FIG. 30(A), the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules 2218 is shown as the liquid crystal molecules 2218 in the drawing. The liquid crystal molecule 2218 shown in FIG. The long axis of the crystalline structure is always oriented horizontally relative to the substrate. In the figure, the liquid crystal molecules 2211 are arranged in a state where no electric field is applied to the area where the liquid crystal 2211 exists. When an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal molecules 2218, the direction of their long axes changes. The rotation occurs within a horizontal plane while maintaining a horizontal orientation relative to the substrate. As a result, a liquid crystal display device with a wide viewing angle can be obtained.

[0256] Note that a bottom-gate transistor using an amorphous semiconductor is used as the transistor. When a transistor using an amorphous semiconductor is used, a large-area substrate By using the plate, a liquid crystal display device can be manufactured inexpensively.

[0257] In FIG. 30(A), the two substrates sandwiching the liquid crystal 2211 are a first substrate 2201 and a second substrate 2202. The first substrate 2201 corresponds to a second substrate 2216. The first substrate 2201 includes a transistor and a pixel. The second substrate 2216 is provided with a light-shielding film 2214 and a color filter 2215. , a spacer 2217, and a second alignment film 2212 are formed.

[0258] By providing the light-shielding film 2214, a display device with little light leakage when displaying black can be obtained. The light-shielding film 2214 does not necessarily have to be formed on the second substrate 2216. If the light-shielding film 2214 is not formed, the number of steps can be reduced. This allows for a reduction in manufacturing costs and an improvement in yield.

[0259] The color filter 2215 may not be formed on the second substrate 2216. Even when the filter 2215 is not formed, the number of steps can be reduced, similar to the case of the light-shielding film. This allows for a reduction in manufacturing costs and an improvement in yield. In the case where the color filter 2215 is not formed, the field sequential driving This makes it possible to obtain a display device capable of displaying in color.

[0260] Also, instead of the spacers 2217, spherical spacers may be scattered. In the case of spraying, the number of steps is reduced, which reduces the manufacturing cost. On the other hand, when the spacer 2217 is formed, the spacer Since the position of the boards does not vary, it is easier to keep the distance between the two boards constant, and the surface A display device with little display unevenness can be obtained.

[0261] The processing performed on the first substrate 2201 will be described.

[0262] First, a first insulating film 2202 is formed on a first substrate 2201 by a method such as sputtering, printing, or coating. The first insulating film 2202 is formed by preventing impurities from the substrate from affecting the semiconductor layer. However, the function of the substrate is to prevent the characteristics of the transistor from changing. When quartz is used as the plate 2201, the first insulating film 2202 is not formed. That's fine.

[0263] Next, a first conductive layer 2203 is formed on the first insulating film 2202 by photolithography, laser beam irradiation, and the like. The ink jet printing method or the like is used.

[0264] Next, a second insulating film 2204 is formed on the entire surface by a sputtering method, a printing method, a coating method, or the like. The second insulating film 2204 prevents impurities from the substrate from affecting the semiconductor layer and causing transistors. It has the function of preventing the properties of the transistor from changing.

[0265] Next, a first semiconductor layer 2205 and a second semiconductor layer 2206 are formed. The semiconductor layer 2205 and the second semiconductor layer 2206 are deposited successively, and their shapes are formed simultaneously. It is processed into

[0266] Next, the second conductive layer 2207 is formed by photolithography, laser direct writing or ink jet printing. The second conductive layer 2207 is formed by a method such as a soldering method. As the etching method to be used, dry etching is preferably used. The second conductive layer 2207 may be made of a transparent material or a reflective material. Fees may also be used.

[0267] Next, a channel region of a transistor is formed. An example of this process will be described. The conductive layer 2206 is etched using the second conductive layer 2207 as a mask. The mask is used to process the shape of the second conductive layer 2207. The first semiconductor layer 2205 in the portion where the second semiconductor layer 2206 has been removed may be This will be the channel region of the transistor. By forming the channel region in this way, This allows the number of sheets to be reduced, thereby reducing manufacturing costs.

[0268] Next, a third insulating film 2208 is formed, and the third insulating film 2208 is selectively contacted. When a contact hole is formed in the third insulating film 2208, At the same time, contact holes may also be formed in the second insulating film 2204 .

[0269] Next, the third conductive layer 2209 is formed by photolithography, laser direct writing or ink jet printing. The third conductive layer 2209 is formed by a method such as a soldering method. One of the comb-shaped electrodes is the source electrode and the drain electrode of the transistor. The other comb-shaped electrode is electrically connected to the common electrode. In this way, a horizontal electric field can be effectively applied to the liquid crystal molecules 2218.

[0270] Next, a first alignment film 2210 is formed. After the first alignment film 2210 is formed, the liquid crystal A rubbing treatment may be carried out to control the molecular orientation.

[0271] The first substrate 2201, the light-shielding film 2214, and the color filter 2215 are formed as described above. The second substrate 2216 on which the spacer 2217 and the second alignment film 2212 are formed is spaced apart by several millimeters. The two sheets are then glued together with a sealant, leaving a gap of just a micrometer. A liquid crystal material is injected between the substrates.

[0272] Figure 30(B) shows the FFS (Fringe Field Switching) method and 30(B) is an example of a cross-sectional view of a pixel in combination with a transistor. By applying the structure to the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, the viewing angle can be further increased. can.

[0273] The characteristics of the pixel structure shown in FIG. 30(B) will be described. 248, the liquid crystal molecule 21 in FIG. 30(B) is the same as the liquid crystal molecule 2018 in FIG. The orientation of 48 is expressed by the length of the liquid crystal molecules shown in the figure. The liquid crystal molecules 2248 shown in Fig. 1 are aligned so that their long axes are always parallel to the substrate. In FIG. 30(B), an electric field is generated in the area where the liquid crystal 2241 exists. This shows the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules 2248 in the absence of an electric field. When the substrate is pressed, the long axis of the substrate always remains parallel to the substrate, and the substrate moves in a horizontal plane. By achieving this state, a liquid crystal display device with a wide viewing angle can be obtained. This can be done.

[0274] Note that a bottom-gate transistor using an amorphous semiconductor is used as the transistor. When a transistor using an amorphous semiconductor is used, a large-area substrate By using the plate, a liquid crystal display device can be manufactured inexpensively.

[0275] In FIG. 30(B), the two substrates sandwiching the liquid crystal 2241 are the first substrate 2231 and the second substrate 2242. The first substrate 2241 corresponds to the second substrate 2246. The first substrate 2241 includes transistors and pixels. Electrodes are formed on the second substrate 2246, and a light-shielding film 2244, a color filter 2245, A spacer 2247 and a second alignment film 2242 are formed.

[0276] By providing the light-shielding film 2244, a display device with little light leakage when displaying black can be obtained. The light-shielding film 2244 does not necessarily have to be formed on the second substrate 2246. If the light-shielding film 2244 is not formed, the number of steps can be reduced. This allows for a reduction in manufacturing costs and an improvement in yield.

[0277] The color filter 2245 may not be formed on the second substrate 2246. Even when the filter 2245 is not formed, the number of steps can be reduced, similar to the case of the light-shielding film. This allows for a reduction in manufacturing costs and an improvement in yield. In the case where the color filter 2245 is not formed, the field sequential driving This makes it possible to obtain a display device capable of displaying in color.

[0278] Also, instead of the spacers 2247, spherical spacers may be scattered. In the case of spraying, the number of steps is reduced, which reduces the manufacturing cost. On the other hand, when the spacer 2247 is formed, the spacer Since the position of the boards does not vary, it is easier to keep the distance between the two boards constant, and the surface A display device with little display unevenness can be obtained.

[0279] The processing performed on the first substrate 2231 will be described.

[0280] First, a first insulating film 2232 is formed on a first substrate 2231 by sputtering, printing, or coating. The first insulating film 2232 is formed by preventing impurities from the substrate from affecting the semiconductor layer. However, the function of the semiconductor device is to prevent the characteristics of the transistor from being changed. When quartz is used as the substrate 2231, the first insulating film 2232 is not formed. It's okay.

[0281] Next, a first conductive layer 2233 is formed on the first insulating film 2232 by photolithography, laser beam irradiation, and the like. The ink jet printing method or the like is used.

[0282] Next, a second insulating film 2234 is formed on the entire surface by a sputtering method, a printing method, a coating method, or the like. The second insulating film 2234 prevents impurities from the substrate from affecting the semiconductor layer and causing transistors. It has the function of preventing the properties of the transistor from changing.

[0283] Next, a first semiconductor layer 2235 and a second semiconductor layer 2236 are formed. The semiconductor layer 2235 and the second semiconductor layer 2236 are deposited successively, and their shapes are formed simultaneously. It is processed into

[0284] Next, the second conductive layer 2237 is formed by photolithography, laser direct writing or ink jet printing. The second conductive layer 2237 is formed by a method such as a soldering method. As the etching method to be used, dry etching is preferably used. The second conductive layer 2237 may be made of a transparent material or a reflective material. Fees may also be used.

[0285] Next, a channel region of a transistor is formed. An example of this process will be described. The conductive layer 2236 is etched using the second conductive layer 2237 as a mask. The mask is used to process the shape of the second conductive layer 2237. The first semiconductor layer 2235 in the portion where the second semiconductor layer 2236 has been removed may be This will be the channel region of the transistor. By forming the channel region in this way, This allows the number of sheets to be reduced, thereby reducing manufacturing costs.

[0286] Next, a third insulating film 2238 is formed, and the third insulating film 2238 is selectively contacted. A hole is formed.

[0287] Next, the third conductive layer 2239 is formed by photolithography, laser direct writing or ink jet printing. It is formed by the lithography method, etc.

[0288] Next, a fourth insulating film 2249 is formed, and the fourth insulating film 2249 is selectively provided with a contact. A hole is formed.

[0289] Next, the fourth conductive layer 2243 is formed by photolithography, laser direct writing or ink jet printing. The fourth conductive layer 2243 is formed by a deposition method or the like. Here, the shape of the fourth conductive layer 2243 is a comb shape.

[0290] Next, a first alignment film 2240 is formed. After the first alignment film 2240 is formed, the liquid crystal A rubbing treatment may be carried out to control the molecular orientation.

[0291] The first substrate 2231, the light-shielding film 2244, and the color filter 2245 are formed as described above. The second substrate 2246 on which the spacer 2247 and the second alignment film 2242 are formed is sealed. The two substrates are bonded together with a gap of several micrometers using a bonding material, and the liquid crystal is placed between the two substrates. By injecting the material, a liquid crystal panel can be created.

[0292] Here, materials that can be used for each conductive layer or each insulating film will be described.

[0293] The first insulating film 2002 in FIG. 28, the first insulating film 2102 in FIG. 29(A), and the first insulating film 2102 in FIG. 29(B) The first insulating film 2132, the first insulating film 2202 in FIG. 30(A), the first insulating film 2202 in FIG. 30(B), The insulating film 2232 may be a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, or a silicon oxynitride film (Si Insulating films such as silicon oxide films, It is a combination of two or more films such as silicon nitride film or silicon oxynitride film (SiOxNy). An insulating film having a laminated structure can be used.

[0294] The first conductive layer 2003 in FIG. 28, the first conductive layer 2103 in FIG. 29(A), and the first conductive layer 2103 in FIG. 29(B) The first conductive layer 2133, the first conductive layer 2203 in FIG. 30(A), the first conductive layer 2203 in FIG. 30(B), The conductive layer 2233 may be made of a conductive material such as Mo, Ti, Al, Nd, or Cr. These conductive layers can be made of conductive materials such as Mo, Ti, Al, Nd, and Cr. A laminated structure combining two or more layers may also be used.

[0295] The second insulating film 2004 in FIG. 28, the second insulating film 2104 in FIG. 29(A), and the second insulating film 2104 in FIG. 29(B) The second insulating film 2134, the second insulating film 2204 in FIG. 30(A), the second insulating film 2204 in FIG. 30(B), The insulating film 2234 may be a thermal oxide film, a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, or a silicon oxynitride film. A thermal oxide film, a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, or the like can also be used. A laminated structure combining two or more of silicon oxynitride films can be used. It is preferable that the portion in contact with the semiconductor layer is a silicon oxide film. This is because the silicon film reduces the trap levels at the interface with the semiconductor layer. It is preferable that the portion in contact with Mo be a silicon nitride film. does not oxidize Mo.

[0296] The first semiconductor layer 2005 in FIG. 28, the first semiconductor layer 2105 in FIG. 29(A), and the first semiconductor layer 2105 in FIG. 29(B) 30(A), the first semiconductor layer 2205 of FIG. 30(B), The first semiconductor layer 2235 may be made of silicon or silicon germanium (SiGe). can be used.

[0297] The second semiconductor layer 2006 in FIG. 28, the second semiconductor layer 2106 in FIG. 29(A), and the second semiconductor layer 2106 in FIG. 29(B) 30(A), the second semiconductor layer 2206 of FIG. 30(B), The second semiconductor layer 2236 can be made of silicon containing phosphorus or the like.

[0298] The second conductive layer 2007 and the third conductive layer 2009 in FIG. 28, the second conductive layer in FIG. 29(A), 2107 and the third conductive layer 2109, the second conductive layer 2137 and the second conductive layer 2138 in FIG. 30(A), the second conductive layer 2207 and the second conductive layer 2209, or 30(B) of the second conductive layer 2237, the third conductive layer 2239 and the fourth conductive layer 224 As a material with the transparency of 3, indium stannate, which is a mixture of indium oxide and tin oxide, is used. Indium tin oxide (ITO) film, indium tin oxide (ITO) mixed with silicon oxide Silicon oxide (ITSO) film, indium zinc oxide (ITSO) film, which is a mixture of indium oxide and zinc oxide IZO film, zinc oxide film, tin oxide film, etc. can be used. Sputtering was performed using a target containing 2 to 20 wt% zinc oxide (ZnO) mixed with TO. It can be formed by welding.

[0299] 28, the second conductive layer 2007 and the third conductive layer 2009 in FIG. 29(A), The conductive layer 2107 and the third conductive layer 2109, the second conductive layer 2137 in FIG. 29(B) and 30(A), the second conductive layer 2207 and the second conductive layer 2209 of FIG. Alternatively, the second conductive layer 2237, the second conductive layer 2239, and the fourth conductive layer 2238 in FIG. 30(B) may be formed by Materials with reflectivity of 2243 include Ti, Mo, Ta, Cr, W, and Al. Alternatively, a two-layer structure in which Ti, Mo, Ta, Cr, W and Al are laminated can be used. A three-layer laminate structure in which Al is sandwiched between metals such as Ti, Mo, Ta, Cr, and W may also be used.

[0300] The third insulating film 2008 in FIG. 28, the third insulating film 2108 in FIG. 29(A), and the third insulating film 2108 in FIG. 29(B) The third insulating film 2138, the third conductive layer 2139 in FIG. 29(B), the third insulating film 2139 in FIG. 30(A), The insulating film 2208, the third insulating film 2238 and the fourth insulating film 2249 in FIG. 30(B) are , inorganic materials (silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, etc.) or low dielectric constant Organic compound materials (photosensitive or non-photosensitive organic resin materials) can be used. Alternatively, a material containing siloxane can be used. Siloxane is a compound containing silicon (Si). The skeleton structure of this material is made up of bonds between oxygen (O) and water. An organic group containing a substituent (e.g., an alkyl group, an aryl group) is used. Alternatively, a fluoro group may be used as a substituent. Alternatively, an organic group containing at least hydrogen may be used as a substituent. , and a fluoro group may also be used.

[0301] The first alignment film 2010 in FIG. 28, the first alignment film 2110 in FIG. 29(A), and the first alignment film 2110 in FIG. 29(B) The first alignment film 2140, the first alignment film 2210 in FIG. 29(B), the first alignment film 2210 in FIG. 30(B), The facing film 2240 may be a polymer film such as polyimide.

[0302] Next, we will discuss the pixel structure when combining each liquid crystal mode and transistor. The explanation will be given with reference to the plan view (layout diagram).

[0303] The LCD mode is TN (Twisted Nematic) mode, IPS ( In-Plane-Switching mode, FFS (Fringe Field Switching) mode, MVA (Multi-domain Vertical) Alignment) mode, PVA(Patterned Vertical Alignment) mode gnment), ASM(Axially Symmetric aligned Mi cro-cell) mode, OCB (Optical Compensated Bir) fringence mode, FLC (Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Crystal) mode, AFLC (AntiFerroelectric Liqui d Crystal) can be used.

[0304] The transistors are made of amorphous silicon, polycrystalline silicon, microcrystalline silicon, It has a non-single-crystal semiconductor layer, typically silicon (also called amorphous or semi-amorphous). A thin film transistor (TFT) or the like can be used.

[0305] Note that a top gate type or a bottom gate type may be used as the structure of the transistor. The bottom gate type transistor can be a channel etch type or a channel protected type. A protective mold can be used.

[0306] FIG. 31 shows an example of a top view of a pixel in the case where the TN method and a transistor are combined.

[0307] The pixel shown in FIG. 31 includes a first transistor 2304, a second transistor 2305, a transistor a third transistor consisting of a first transistor 2320 and a second transistor 2321; a liquid crystal capacitor, a second liquid crystal capacitor, a first storage capacitor, and a second storage capacitor; 2300, a second scanning line 2301, a signal line 2302, and a Cs line 2311. The equivalent circuit diagram of the pixel configuration shown in FIG. 31 is the same as that shown in FIG. 83, so a detailed explanation is omitted here. is omitted.

[0308] In FIG. 31, the pixel electrode constituting the first liquid crystal capacitance is connected to the pixel electrode 2307, and the second liquid crystal The pixel electrode constituting the capacitance corresponds to the pixel electrode 2308. A capacitance line 2312 connected to a Cs line 2311 outside the part, and a capacitance line 2312 connected to a pixel electrode 2307 The second holding layer is made up of a semiconductor layer 2309 and an insulating film provided between them. The capacitor is also connected to a capacitor line 2312 and a pixel electrode 2308 in the same manner as the first storage capacitor. The semiconductor layer 2310 is formed by insulating films. The capacitor line 2312 constituting the first and second storage capacitors is connected to the transistor 2304. , 2305, 2320, a first scan line 2300 including gate electrodes constituting the transistors 2321, the second scanning line 2301 including the gate electrode and the Cs line 2301, and the semiconductor Layers 2309 and 2310 form transistors 2304, 2305, 2320, and 2321. The semiconductor layer including the source region, drain region and channel forming region is fabricated in the same process. In addition, the insulating film constituting the first storage capacitor and the second storage capacitor is also made of a transistor. In the same process as the gate insulating film that constitutes transistors 2304, 2305, 2320, and 2321 The prepared membrane can be used.

[0309] As shown in Figure 31, two liquid crystal capacitors with different orientations are used to create a liquid crystal with excellent viewing angle characteristics. It should be noted that the top view shown in FIG. 31 is an example, and the present invention is not limited to this. It is not something that can be done.

[0310] In each transistor, one of the source electrode and the drain electrode is connected to the other electrode. By using a structure that encloses the channel, the channel width can be increased. The semiconductor layer of the transistor constituting the pixel is made of an amorphous semiconductor having a lower mobility than a crystalline semiconductor layer. This is particularly effective when using a body layer.

[0311] In this embodiment, various drawings have been used to explain the present invention. (Part of the figure may be used) refers to the application, combination, or Furthermore, in the figures described above, Each part can be combined with other parts to form more figures. This can be done.

[0312] Similarly, the contents (or even a part thereof) described in each drawing of this embodiment may be applied to other embodiments and and the contents (even a part thereof) described in the drawings of the embodiments may be applied, combined, or replaced. Furthermore, in the drawings of this embodiment, regarding each part, By combining parts of other embodiments and examples, more figures can be constructed. It can be achieved.

[0313] In addition, this embodiment is intended to apply the contents (or a part thereof) described in other embodiments and examples to the present invention. An example of a realization, an example of a slight modification, an example of a partial change, an improved Examples of cases, examples of detailed cases, examples of applications, and related parts Therefore, the contents described in other embodiments and examples are not limited to the present embodiment. They can be freely applied, combined, or substituted in the embodiments.

[0314] (Embodiment 7) In this embodiment mode, various liquid crystal modes will be described with reference to cross-sectional views.

[0315] 32(A) and (B) show schematic cross-sectional views of the TN mode.

[0316] A liquid crystal layer is formed on a first substrate 3301 and a second substrate 3302 that are arranged to face each other. The first electrode 3305 is formed on the upper surface of the first substrate 3301. A second electrode 3306 is formed on the upper surface of the second substrate 3302. A first polarizing plate 3303 is disposed on the side of the first substrate 3301 opposite to the liquid crystal layer. A second polarizing plate 3304 is disposed on the opposite side of the substrate 3302 from the liquid crystal layer. The first polarizing plate 3303 and the second polarizing plate 3304 are arranged in a crossed Nicol state. are.

[0317] The first polarizer 3303 may be disposed on the top surface of the first substrate 3301. 3304 may be disposed on the top surface of the second substrate 3302.

[0318] At least one (or both) of the first electrode 3305 and the second electrode 3306 It is sufficient that both electrodes have light-transmitting properties (transmission type or reflection type). In addition, a part of one of the electrodes may be reflective (semi-transmissive type).

[0319] FIG. 32(A) shows a state where a voltage is applied to a first electrode 3305 and a second electrode 3306 (vertical electric field method). This is a schematic diagram of a cross section when the liquid crystal molecules are aligned vertically. The light from the liquid crystal is not affected by the birefringence of the liquid crystal molecules. and the second polarizing plate 3304 are arranged in a crossed Nicol state, Light from the cathode cannot pass through the substrate, thus producing a black display.

[0320] FIG. 32(B) shows a state where no voltage is applied to the first electrode 3305 and the second electrode 3306. The liquid crystal molecules are aligned horizontally, and the liquid crystal molecules are arranged in a direction from the first electrode 3305 to the second electrode 3306. 306, the light from the backlight is reflected by the birefringence of the liquid crystal molecules. The first polarizing plate 3303 and the second polarizing plate 3304 are cross-polarized. The light from the backlight passes through the substrate. This is the so-called normally white mode.

[0321] By controlling the voltage applied to the first electrode 3305 and the second electrode 3306, the liquid crystal molecules Therefore, it is possible to control the state, i.e., the orientation, of the liquid crystal. Since it can be controlled by the crystal molecules, it is possible to display a desired image.

[0322] The liquid crystal display device having the configuration shown in FIGS. 32(A) and 32(B) can be provided with a color filter. The color filter is disposed on the first substrate 3301 side or can be provided on the second substrate 3302 side.

[0323] The liquid crystal material used in the TN mode may be a known material.

[0324] Figures 33(A) and (B) show schematic cross-sectional views of the VA mode. The VA mode is This is a mode in which the liquid crystal molecules are aligned perpendicular to the substrate.

[0325] A liquid crystal layer is formed on a first substrate 3401 and a second substrate 3402 that are arranged to face each other. The first electrode 3405 is formed on the upper surface of the first substrate 3401. A second electrode 3406 is formed on the upper surface of the second substrate 3402. A first polarizing plate 3403 is disposed on the side of the first substrate 3401 opposite to the liquid crystal layer. A second polarizing plate 3404 is disposed on the opposite side of the substrate 3402 from the liquid crystal layer. The first polarizing plate 3403 and the second polarizing plate 3404 are arranged in a crossed Nicol state. are.

[0326] The first polarizer 3403 may be disposed on the top surface of the first substrate 3401. 3404 may be disposed on the top surface of the second substrate 3402.

[0327] At least one (or both) of the first electrode 3405 and the second electrode 3406 It is sufficient that both electrodes have light-transmitting properties (transmission type or reflection type). In addition, a part of one of the electrodes may be reflective (semi-transmissive type).

[0328] FIG. 33(A) shows a state where a voltage is applied to a first electrode 3405 and a second electrode 3406 (vertical electric field method). This is a schematic diagram of a cross section when the liquid crystal molecules are aligned horizontally. The light from the liquid crystal is affected by the birefringence of the liquid crystal molecules. The second polarizing plate 3404 is arranged in a crossed Nicol state. The light from the substrate passes through the substrate, thus producing a white display.

[0329] FIG. 33(B) shows a state where no voltage is applied to the first electrode 3405 and the second electrode 3406. The liquid crystal molecules are aligned vertically, so the light from the backlight The light is not affected by the birefringence of the liquid crystal molecules. 3404 are arranged in a cross Nicol configuration, so the light from the backlight is Therefore, black is displayed. This is called normally black mode. is.

[0330] By controlling the voltage applied to the first electrode 3405 and the second electrode 3406, the liquid crystal molecules Therefore, it is possible to control the state, i.e., the orientation, of the liquid crystal. Since it can be controlled by the crystal molecules, it is possible to display a desired image.

[0331] The liquid crystal display device having the configuration shown in FIGS. 34(A) and 34(B) can be provided with a color filter. The color filter is disposed on the first substrate 3401 side or can be provided on the second substrate 3402 side.

[0332] The liquid crystal material used in the VA mode may be a known material.

[0333] Figure 33(C) and (D) show schematic diagrams of the cross section of the MVA mode. This is a method of compensating for the viewing angle dependence of each part.

[0334] A liquid crystal layer is formed on a first substrate 3411 and a second substrate 3412 that are arranged to face each other. The first substrate 3411 is sandwiched between the first electrode 3415 and the second electrode 3410. A second electrode 3416 is formed on the upper surface of the second substrate 3412. On the first electrode 3415, a first protrusion 3417 is formed for alignment control. A second protrusion 3418 is formed on the electrode 3416 for alignment control. A first polarizing plate 3413 is disposed on the opposite side of the liquid crystal layer of the second substrate 3411. A second polarizing plate 3414 is disposed on the opposite side of the liquid crystal layer of the first polarizing plate 412. The polarizing plate 3413 and the second polarizing plate 3414 are arranged in a crossed Nicol state.

[0335] The first polarizer 3413 may be disposed on the top surface of the first substrate 3411. 3414 may be disposed on the top surface of the second substrate 3412.

[0336] At least one (or both) of the first electrode 3415 and the second electrode 3416 It is sufficient that both electrodes have light-transmitting properties (transmission type or reflection type). In addition, a part of one of the electrodes may be reflective (semi-transmissive type).

[0337] FIG. 33C shows a state where a voltage is applied to the first electrode 3415 and the second electrode 3416 (vertical electric field method). The light from the backlight is reflected by the birefringence of the liquid crystal molecules. The first polarizing plate 3413 and the second polarizing plate 3414 are in a crossed Nicol state. Therefore, the light from the backlight passes through the substrate. In addition, when the liquid crystal molecules are aligned with the first protrusion 3417 and the second protrusion 341, a white display is performed. 8, and fell against the first protrusion 3417 and the second protrusion 3418. Therefore, the viewing angle can be further improved.

[0338] FIG. 33(D) shows a state where no voltage is applied to the first electrode 3415 and the second electrode 3416. The liquid crystal molecules are aligned vertically, so the light from the backlight The light is not affected by the birefringence of the liquid crystal molecules. 3414 are arranged in a cross Nicol configuration, so the light from the backlight is Therefore, black is displayed. This is called normally black mode. is.

[0339] By controlling the voltage applied to the first electrode 3415 and the second electrode 3416, Therefore, it is possible to control the state or orientation of the crystal molecules. can be controlled by the liquid crystal molecules, making it possible to display a desired image. .

[0340] The liquid crystal display device having the configuration shown in FIGS. 36(C) and 36(D) can be provided with a color filter. The color filter is disposed on the first substrate 3411 side or can be provided on the second substrate 3412 side.

[0341] The liquid crystal material used in the MVA mode may be a known material.

[0342] Figures 34(A) and (B) show schematic cross-sectional views of the OCB mode. The OCB mode is a liquid crystal layer The alignment of the liquid crystal molecules within the display creates an optically compensated state, so the display has little viewing angle dependency. The state of the liquid crystal molecules is called bend alignment.

[0343] A liquid crystal layer is formed on a first substrate 3501 and a second substrate 3502 that are arranged to face each other. The first electrode 3505 is formed on the upper surface of the first substrate 3501. A second electrode 3506 is formed on the upper surface of the second substrate 3502. A first polarizing plate 3503 is disposed on the side of the first substrate 3501 opposite to the liquid crystal layer. A second polarizing plate 336 is disposed on the opposite side of the substrate 3502 from the liquid crystal layer. The first polarizing plate 3503 and the second polarizing plate 336 are arranged in a crossed Nicol state. do.

[0344] The first polarizer 3503 may be disposed on the top surface of the first substrate 3501. 336 may be disposed on the top surface of the second substrate 3502.

[0345] At least one (or both) of the first electrode 3505 and the second electrode 3506 It is sufficient that both electrodes have light-transmitting properties (transmission type or reflection type). In addition, a part of one of the electrodes may be reflective (semi-transmissive type).

[0346] FIG. 34(A) shows a state where a voltage is applied to a first electrode 3505 and a second electrode 3506 (vertical electric field method). This is a schematic diagram of a cross section when the liquid crystal molecules are aligned vertically. The light from the liquid crystal is not affected by the birefringence of the liquid crystal molecules. and the second polarizing plate 336 are arranged in a crossed Nicol state. Light from the substrate does not pass through, resulting in a black display.

[0347] FIG. 34B shows a state where no voltage is applied to the first electrode 3505 and the second electrode 3506. The liquid crystal molecules are in a bend alignment state, so the light emitted from the backlight is The light is affected by the birefringence of the liquid crystal molecules. 336 are arranged in a cross-nicol configuration, so the light from the backlight is Therefore, white display is achieved. This is the so-called normally white mode. do.

[0348] By controlling the voltage applied to the first electrode 3505 and the second electrode 3506, It is possible to control the state of the crystal molecules, i.e., the orientation. Since light can be controlled by liquid crystal molecules, it is possible to display a specific image. do.

[0349] The liquid crystal display device having the configuration shown in FIGS. 34(A) and 34(B) can be provided with a color filter. The color filter is disposed on the first substrate 3501 side or can be provided on the second substrate 3502 side.

[0350] The liquid crystal material used in the OCB mode may be a known material.

[0351] 34(C) and (D) show schematic cross-sectional views of the FLC mode or AFLC mode.

[0352] A liquid crystal layer is formed on a first substrate 3511 and a second substrate 3512 that are arranged to face each other. The first substrate 3510 is sandwiched between the first electrode 3515 and the second electrode 3515. A second electrode 3516 is formed on the upper surface of the second substrate 3512. A first polarizing plate 3513 is disposed on the side of the first substrate 3511 opposite to the liquid crystal layer. A second polarizing plate 3514 is disposed on the opposite side of the substrate 3512 from the liquid crystal layer. The first polarizing plate 3513 and the second polarizing plate 3514 are arranged in a crossed Nicol state. are.

[0353] The first polarizer 3513 may be disposed on the top surface of the first substrate 3511. 3514 may be disposed on the top surface of the second substrate 3512.

[0354] At least one (or both) of the first electrode 3515 and the second electrode 3516 It is sufficient that both electrodes have light-transmitting properties (transmission type or reflection type). In addition, a part of one of the electrodes may be reflective (semi-transmissive type).

[0355] FIG. 34C shows a state where a voltage is applied to the first electrode 3515 and the second electrode 3516 (vertical electric field method). This is a schematic diagram of a cross section when the liquid crystal molecules are oriented in a direction different from the rubbing direction. Because the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in a straight line, the light from the backlight is affected by the birefringence of the liquid crystal molecules. The first polarizing plate 3513 and the second polarizing plate 3514 are arranged in a crossed Nicol state. Because the backlight is placed on the substrate, the light from the backlight passes through the substrate. It will be held.

[0356] FIG. 34(D) shows a state where no voltage is applied to the first electrode 3515 and the second electrode 3516. This is a schematic diagram of the cross section when the liquid crystal molecules are aligned horizontally along the rubbing direction. The light from the backlight is not affected by the birefringence of the liquid crystal molecules. The polarizer 513 and the second polarizer 3514 are arranged in a crossed Nicol state. Light from the black light does not pass through the substrate, so black is displayed. This is Marie Black mode.

[0357] By controlling the voltage applied to the first electrode 3515 and the second electrode 3516, It is possible to control the state of the crystal molecules, i.e., the orientation. Since light can be controlled by liquid crystal molecules, it is possible to display a specific image. do.

[0358] The liquid crystal display device having the configuration shown in FIGS. 34(C) and 34(D) can be provided with a color filter. The color filter is attached to the first substrate 3511 side or can be provided on the second substrate 3512 side.

[0359] The liquid crystal material used in the FLC mode or AFLC mode may be a known material. .

[0360] Figures 35(A) and (B) show schematic cross-sectional views of an IPS mode. The IPS mode is a liquid crystal display. This is a mode in which the element is always rotated in a plane relative to the substrate, and the electrodes are provided only on one side of the substrate. It uses a horizontal electric field method.

[0361] A liquid crystal layer is formed on a first substrate 3601 and a second substrate 3602 that are arranged to face each other. The first substrate 3601 is sandwiched between the first electrode 3605 and the second electrode 3606. A second electrode 3606 is formed on the side of the first substrate 3601 opposite to the liquid crystal layer. A polarizing plate 3603 is disposed on the opposite side of the second substrate 3602 from the liquid crystal layer. The first polarizing plate 3603 and the second polarizing plate 3604 are arranged. are arranged in a crossed Nicole pattern.

[0362] The first polarizer 3603 may be disposed on the top surface of the first substrate 3601. 3604 may be disposed on the top surface of the second substrate 3602.

[0363] At least one (or both) of the first electrode 3605 and the second electrode 3606 It is sufficient that both electrodes have light-transmitting properties (transmission type or reflection type). In addition, a part of one of the electrodes may be reflective (semi-transmissive type).

[0364] FIG. 35(A) shows the state when a voltage is applied to the first electrode 3605 and the second electrode 3606. A schematic diagram of a cross section. The liquid crystal molecules are aligned along the electric field lines that are shifted from the rubbing direction. Therefore, the light from the backlight is affected by the birefringence of the liquid crystal molecules. The polarizing plate 3603 and the second polarizing plate 3604 are arranged in a crossed Nicol state. Therefore, the light from the backlight passes through the substrate, resulting in a white display.

[0365] FIG. 35B shows a state where no voltage is applied to the first electrode 3605 and the second electrode 3606. This is a schematic diagram of the cross section when the liquid crystal molecules are aligned horizontally along the rubbing direction. The light from the backlight is not affected by the birefringence of the liquid crystal molecules. The polarizer 603 and the second polarizer 3604 are arranged in a crossed Nicol state. Light from the black light does not pass through the substrate, so black is displayed. This is Marie Black mode.

[0366] By controlling the voltage applied to the first electrode 3605 and the second electrode 3606, the liquid crystal molecules Therefore, it is possible to control the state, i.e., the orientation, of the liquid crystal. Since it can be controlled by the crystal molecules, it is possible to display a desired image.

[0367] The liquid crystal display device having the configuration shown in FIGS. 35(A) and 35(B) can be provided with a color filter. The color filter is disposed on the first substrate 3601 side or can be provided on the second substrate 3602 side.

[0368] The liquid crystal material used in the IPS mode may be a known material.

[0369] Figures 35(C) and (D) show schematic cross-sectional views of the FFS mode. This is a mode in which the liquid crystal molecules are always rotated in a plane relative to the substrate, and the electrodes are It uses a horizontal electric field method that is only installed in the

[0370] A liquid crystal layer is formed on a first substrate 3611 and a second substrate 3612 that are arranged to face each other. The first substrate 3611 is sandwiched between the first electrode 3616 and the second electrode 3616. An insulating film 3617 is formed on the upper surface of the second electrode 3616. A second electrode 3616 is formed on the liquid crystal layer 3617 of the first substrate 3611. On the other side, a first polarizing plate 3613 is disposed. A second polarizing plate 3614 is disposed on the opposite side. The polarizing plate 3614 is disposed in a crossed Nicol state.

[0371] The first polarizer 3613 may be disposed on the top surface of the first substrate 3611. 3614 may be disposed on the top surface of the second substrate 3612.

[0372] At least one (or both) of the first electrode 3615 and the second electrode 3616 It is sufficient that both electrodes have light-transmitting properties (transmission type or reflection type). In addition, a part of one of the electrodes may be reflective (semi-transmissive type).

[0373] FIG. 35C shows the state when a voltage is applied to the first electrode 3615 and the second electrode 3616. A schematic diagram of a cross section. The liquid crystal molecules are aligned along the electric field lines that are shifted from the rubbing direction. Therefore, the light from the backlight is affected by the birefringence of the liquid crystal molecules. The polarizing plate 3613 and the second polarizing plate 3614 are arranged in a crossed Nicol state. Therefore, the light from the backlight passes through the substrate, resulting in a white display.

[0374] FIG. 35(D) shows a state where no voltage is applied to the first electrode 3615 and the second electrode 3616. This is a schematic diagram of the cross section when the liquid crystal molecules are aligned horizontally along the rubbing direction. The light from the backlight is not affected by the birefringence of the liquid crystal molecules. The polarizer 613 and the second polarizer 3614 are arranged in a crossed Nicol state. Light from the black light does not pass through the substrate, so black is displayed. This is Marie Black mode.

[0375] By controlling the voltage applied to the first electrode 3615 and the second electrode 3616, It is possible to control the state of the crystal molecules, i.e., the orientation. Since light can be controlled by liquid crystal molecules, it is possible to display a specific image. do.

[0376] The liquid crystal display device having the configuration shown in FIGS. 35(C) and 35(D) can be provided with a color filter. The color filter is disposed on the first substrate 3611 side or can be provided on the second substrate 3612 side.

[0377] The liquid crystal material used in the FFS mode may be a known material.

[0378] Next, various liquid crystal modes will be explained using top views.

[0379] FIG. 36 shows a top view of one of the liquid crystal capacitors of a pixel to which the MVA mode is applied. show.

[0380] FIG. 36 shows a first electrode 3701, second electrodes (3702a, 3702b, 3702c), and protrusions 3703. The first electrode 3701 is formed on the entire surface of the opposing substrate. The second electrodes (3702a, 3702b, 3702c) are arranged in a dogleg shape. ) are formed. The shape corresponds to the second electrodes (3702a, 3702b, 3702c). The second electrodes (3702a, 3702b, 3702c) are disposed on the first electrode 3701 so as to ) is formed.

[0381] The openings in the second electrodes (3702a, 3702b, 3702c) function as protrusions. do.

[0382] A voltage is applied to the first electrode 3701 and the second electrodes (3702a, 3702b, 3702c). When a vertical electric field is applied (called a vertical electric field method), the liquid crystal molecules are attracted to the second electrodes (3702a, 3702b, 3702c) and the protrusion 3703. The pair of polarizing plates is arranged in a crossed Nicol configuration. When the LCD panel is in the ON position, the light from the backlight passes through the board, resulting in a white display. do.

[0383] A voltage is applied to the first electrode 3701 and the second electrodes (3702a, 3702b, 3702c). When no polarizer is applied, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned vertically. When the panel is positioned as shown, the light from the backlight does not pass through the panel. Black display is performed, which is the so-called normally black mode.

[0384] In addition, the first electrode 3701 and the second electrodes (3702a, 3702b, 3702c) are printed with By controlling the applied voltage, it is possible to control the state of the liquid crystal molecules, that is, the orientation. Therefore, the light from the backlight can be controlled by the liquid crystal molecules, and a predetermined It is possible to display the image.

[0385] The liquid crystal material used in the MVA mode may be a known material.

[0386] Figure 37(A), (B), (C), and (D) are top views of a single liquid crystal capacitor that uses the IPS mode. The IPS mode is a mode in which the liquid crystal molecules are always rotated in a plane relative to the substrate. The electrodes are provided on only one of the substrates, adopting a horizontal electric field method.

[0387] In the IPS mode, a pair of electrodes are formed to have different shapes.

[0388] 37(A) shows a first electrode 3801 and a second electrode 3802. 3801 and the second electrode 3802 are wavy in shape.

[0389] FIG. 37(B) shows a first electrode 3811 and a second electrode 3812. The first electrode 3811 and the second electrode 3812 have a shape with concentric circular openings.

[0390] 37(C) shows a first electrode 3831 and a second electrode 3832. The first electrode 3831 and the second electrode 3832 are comb-shaped and partially overlap each other.

[0391] 37(D) shows a first electrode 3841 and a second electrode 3842. The first electrode 3841 and the second electrode 3842 are comb-shaped and the electrodes are shaped to interlock with each other. .

[0392] First electrodes (3801, 3811, 3821, 3831) and second electrodes (3802, 3 When voltage is applied to the rubbing direction, the liquid crystal molecules move away from the rubbing direction. The pair of polarizing plates are arranged in a crossed Nicol state. When the LCD panel is in the ON position, the light from the backlight passes through the board, resulting in a white display. do.

[0393] First electrodes (3801, 3811, 3821, 3831) and second electrodes (3802, 3 When no voltage is applied to the electrodes 812, 3822, and 3832, the liquid crystal molecules The pair of polarizing plates are arranged in a crossed Nicol configuration. When the substrate is turned on, the light from the backlight does not pass through the substrate, and black is displayed. This is a normally black mode.

[0394] By controlling the voltage applied to the first electrode and the second electrode, the state of the liquid crystal molecules, i.e. Therefore, the light from the backlight is oriented by the liquid crystal molecules. This allows for control, making it possible to display a desired image.

[0395] The liquid crystal material used in the IPS mode may be a known material.

[0396] Figure 38(A), (B), (C), and (D) are top views of a liquid crystal capacitor using the FFS mode. The FFS mode is a mode in which the liquid crystal molecules are always rotated in the plane relative to the substrate. The electrodes are provided on only one of the substrates, adopting a horizontal electric field method.

[0397] In the FFS mode, the first electrode is formed in various shapes on the top surface of the second electrode. do.

[0398] 38(A) shows a first electrode 3901 and a second electrode 3902. The first electrode 3901 is bent and has a dogleg shape. The second electrode 3902 is patterned. It's not necessary.

[0399] 38(B) shows a first electrode 3911 and a second electrode 3912. The first electrode 3911 is concentrically shaped. The second electrode 3912 is not patterned. That's fine.

[0400] 38(C) shows a first electrode 3931 and a second electrode 3932. The first electrode 3931 is a comb-like shape in which the electrodes interlock with each other. The turn does not have to be formed.

[0401] 38(D) shows a first electrode 3941 and a second electrode 3942. The second electrode 3942 is unpatterned. Good too.

[0402] First electrodes (3901, 3911, 3921, 3931) and second electrodes (3902, 3 When voltage is applied to the rubbing direction, the liquid crystal molecules move away from the rubbing direction. The pair of polarizing plates are arranged in a crossed Nicol state. When the LCD panel is in the ON position, the light from the backlight passes through the board, resulting in a white display. do.

[0403] First electrodes (3901, 3911, 3921, 3931) and second electrodes (3902, 3 When no voltage is applied to the electrodes 912, 3922, and 3932, the liquid crystal molecules The pair of polarizing plates are arranged in a crossed Nicol configuration. When the substrate is turned on, the light from the backlight does not pass through the substrate, and black is displayed. This is a normally black mode.

[0404] By controlling the voltage applied to the first electrode and the second electrode, the state of the liquid crystal molecules, i.e. Therefore, the light from the backlight is oriented by the liquid crystal molecules. This allows for control, making it possible to display a desired image.

[0405] The liquid crystal material used in the IPS mode may be a known material.

[0406] In this embodiment, various drawings have been used to explain the present invention. (Part of the figure may be used) refers to the application, combination, or Furthermore, in the figures described above, Each part can be combined with other parts to form more figures. This can be done.

[0407] Similarly, the contents (or even a part thereof) described in each drawing of this embodiment may be applied to other embodiments and and the contents (even a part thereof) described in the drawings of the embodiments may be applied, combined, or replaced. Furthermore, in the drawings of this embodiment, regarding each part, By combining parts of other embodiments and examples, more figures can be constructed. It can be achieved.

[0408] In addition, this embodiment is intended to apply the contents (or a part thereof) described in other embodiments and examples to the present invention. An example of a realization, an example of a slight modification, an example of a partial change, an improved Examples of cases, examples of detailed cases, examples of applications, and related parts Therefore, the contents described in other embodiments and examples are not limited to the present embodiment. They can be freely applied, combined, or substituted in the embodiments.

[0409] (Embodiment 8) In this embodiment, the peripheral portion of the liquid crystal panel will be described.

[0410] FIG. 39 shows a backlight unit 2601 called an edge light type and a liquid crystal panel 26 07 shows an example of a liquid crystal display device having the edge light type. A light source is placed at the edge of the lid, and the light emitted from the light source is emitted from the entire light-emitting surface. The backlight unit of the LED type is thin and can save power.

[0411] The backlight unit 2601 includes a diffusion plate 2602, a light guide plate 2603, a reflector 2604, It is composed of a lamp reflector 2605 and a light source 2606 .

[0412] The light source 2606 has a function of emitting light as needed. For example, the light source 2606 may be Cold cathode tubes, hot cathode tubes, light-emitting diodes, inorganic EL, organic EL, etc. are used. The reflector 2605 has the function of efficiently guiding light emitted from the light source 2606 to the light guide plate 2603. The light guide plate 2603 has a function of totally reflecting the light from the light source 2603 and guiding the light to the entire surface. The diffuser 2602 has the function of reducing unevenness in brightness. The reflector 2604 has the function of The light leaking from the light guide plate 2603 in the opposite direction from the liquid crystal panel 2603 is reflected and reused. It has a function.

[0413] The backlight unit 2601 includes a control circuit for adjusting the brightness of the light source 2606. This control circuit allows the brightness of the light source 2606 to be adjusted. do.

[0414] 40(A), (B), (C) and (D) show the edge-light type backlight unit. It is a diagram showing a detailed configuration, and explanations of the diffusion plate, light guide plate, reflector, etc. are omitted. .

[0415] The backlight unit 2701 shown in FIG. 40(A) uses a cold cathode fluorescent lamp 2703 as a light source. In order to efficiently reflect the light from the cold cathode tube 2703, A reflector 2702 is provided. Such a configuration can be used for a large display device. many.

[0416] The backlight unit 2711 shown in FIG. 40(B) uses a light emitting diode (LE) as a light source. For example, a white light emitting diode (W) 2713 is used. are arranged at a predetermined interval. And, the light from the light emitting diode 2713 is efficiently reflected. To achieve this, a lamp reflector 2712 is provided.

[0417] Since the light emitting intensity of light emitting diodes is strong, a configuration using light emitting diodes is suitable for large display devices. In addition, LEDs have excellent color reproducibility, so they can accurately reproduce the color of the input image information. It is possible to display faithful images. In addition, since light-emitting diodes are small, the installation area can be reduced. Therefore, the frame of the display device can be made narrower.

[0418] When the light emitting diode is mounted on a large display device, the light emitting diode is mounted on the back of the substrate. The light emitting diodes can be arranged on the surface. The light emitting diodes are arranged at predetermined intervals, and the light emitting diodes of each color are arranged The cards are arranged in order.

[0419] The backlight unit 2721 shown in FIG. 40(C) uses light-emitting diodes of each color of RGB as a light source. Light Emitting Diode (LED) 2723, Light Emitting Diode (LED) 2724, Light Emitting Diode (LE The LEDs 2723 (LEDs) for each color of RGB are used. The light emitting diode (LED) 2724 and the light emitting diode (LED) 2725 are respectively RGB light-emitting diodes (LEDs) 2723, light-emitting diodes LED 2724 and Light Emitting Diode (LED) 2725 are used to In addition, the light from the light-emitting diode can be efficiently reflected. Therefore, a lamp reflector 2722 is provided.

[0420] Since light-emitting diodes have high brightness, the configuration uses light-emitting diodes of each color of RGB as the light source. LEDs are suitable for large display devices. In addition, LEDs have excellent color reproducibility, so they can reproduce the input It is possible to display images that are faithful to the image information that is input. Therefore, the layout area can be reduced. can be done.

[0421] In addition, color display is possible by lighting up the RGB light-emitting diodes in sequence according to the time. It can be displayed in what is called field sequential mode. .

[0422] In addition, there are two LEDs (LEDs) that emit white light and each of the RGB colors. , Light Emitting Diode (LED) 2724, Light Emitting Diode (LED) 2725 It can be done.

[0423] When the light emitting diode is mounted on a large display device, the light emitting diode is mounted on the back of the substrate. The light emitting diodes can be arranged on a surface. The light emitting diodes are spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance. The LEDs are arranged in a sequential order. This arrangement improves color reproducibility. Cut.

[0424] The backlight unit 2731 shown in FIG. 40(D) uses light-emitting diodes of each color of RGB as a light source. Light Emitting Diode (LED) 2733, Light Emitting Diode (LED) 2734, Light Emitting Diode (LE For example, the LEDs for each color of RGB are used. 33, light-emitting diode (LED) 2734, light-emitting diode (LED) 2735 A light-emitting diode of a low light intensity color (e.g., green), in FIG. 40(D) A plurality of LEDs 2734 are arranged. By using this configuration, it is possible to further reproduce colors. In addition, it can efficiently reflect the light from the light emitting diode. , a lamp reflector 2732 is provided.

[0425] Since the light emitting intensity of light emitting diodes is high, light emitting diodes of each color of RGB were used as the light source. The configuration is suitable for large display devices. In addition, light-emitting diodes have excellent color reproducibility, so It is possible to display an image that is faithful to the image information input. Therefore, the layout area can be reduced, and the frame of the display device can be made narrower. It is possible.

[0426] In addition, color display is possible by lighting up the RGB light-emitting diodes in sequence according to the time. This can be done.

[0427] In addition, there are two LEDs (LEDs) that emit white light and RGB colors. , Light Emitting Diode (LED) 2734, Light Emitting Diode (LED) 2735 It can be done.

[0428] When the light emitting diode is mounted on a large display device, the light emitting diode is mounted on the back of the substrate. The light emitting diodes are arranged on a surface, and the light emitting diodes of each color are arranged at predetermined intervals. The diodes are arranged in this order, which can improve color reproducibility.

[0429] FIG. 41(A) shows a backlight unit 2800 called a direct type and a liquid crystal panel 280 5 shows an example of a liquid crystal display device having the same. The direct type is a type in which a light source is placed directly under the light-emitting surface. The light emitted from the light source is emitted from the entire light-emitting surface. The LED can efficiently utilize the emitted light.

[0430] The backlight unit 2800 includes a diffusion plate 2801, a light blocking plate 2802, a lamp reflector 2803 and a light source 2804.

[0431] The light source 2804 has a function of emitting light as needed. Cold cathode fluorescent lamps, hot cathode fluorescent lamps, light emitting diodes, inorganic EL, organic EL, etc. are used. The diffuser 2803 efficiently reflects the light emitted from the light source 2804 through the diffuser 2801 and the light shielding plate 2802. The light shielding plate 2802 has a function of directing the light to the light source 2804. By blocking more light in certain areas, it has the function of reducing unevenness in brightness. has the function of further reducing unevenness in brightness.

[0432] The backlight unit 2800 includes a control circuit for adjusting the brightness of the light source 2804. This control circuit allows the brightness of the light source 2804 to be adjusted. do.

[0433] FIG. 41(B) shows a backlight unit 3015 called a direct type and a liquid crystal panel 301 1 shows an example of a liquid crystal display device having a pixel electrode 10.

[0434] The backlight unit 2810 includes a diffusion plate 2811, a light blocking plate 2812, a lamp reflector 2813, RGB light source (R) 2814a, light source (G) 2814b and light source (B) 2 It is composed of 814c.

[0435] The light sources 2814a (R), 2814b (G), and 2814c (B) for each of the RGB colors are , and has the function of emitting light as needed. For example, light source 2814a(R), light source 2814b (G) and light source 2814c(B) may be a cold cathode tube, a hot cathode tube, a light emitting diode, an inorganic The lamp reflector 2813 reflects the light emitted from the light source 2814. The light shading plate 2812 has the function of efficiently guiding the light to the diffusion plate 2811 and the light shading plate 2812. By increasing the shading in areas with stronger light in accordance with the placement of the light source 2814, uneven brightness can be eliminated. The diffusion plate 2811 also has the function of reducing unevenness in brightness.

[0436] The backlight unit 2810 includes a light source 2814a (R) for each of the RGB colors, a light source 2814b (R) for each of the RGB colors, and a light source 2814c (R) for each of the RGB colors. A control circuit for adjusting the brightness of the light source 2814b(G) and the light source 2814c(B) is connected to the This control circuit controls the light source 2814a (R) and the light source 2814b (G) of each color of RGB. ) and the brightness of light source 2814c(B) can be adjusted.

[0437] FIG. 42 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a polarizing plate (also called a polarizing film).

[0438] The polarizing film 2900 is made up of a protective film 2901, a substrate film 2902, and a PVA polarizing film. film 2903, substrate film 2904, adhesive layer 2905 and release film 2906 Has.

[0439] PVA polarizing film 2903 has the function of converting light into light with only one vibration direction (linearly polarized light). Specifically, the electron density of the PVA polarizing film 2903 varies greatly between the vertical and horizontal directions. The electron density varies greatly between the vertical and horizontal directions. The PVA polarizing film 2903 makes it possible to produce linearly polarized light.

[0440] As an example, PVA polarizing film 2903 is made of polyvinyl alcohol (Poly Vin The polymer film of PVA (Polyvinyl Alcohol) was doped with iodine compounds, and the PVA film was By pulling in a certain direction, a film with iodine molecules aligned in a certain direction can be obtained. And the light parallel to the long axis of the iodine molecule is absorbed by the iodine molecule. For high heat resistance applications, a dichroic dye may be used instead of iodine. LCD displays that require durability and heat resistance, such as LCDs for automobiles or projectors Suitable for.

[0441] In addition, the PVA polarizing film 2903 is made of a substrate film (substrate film 290 2 and substrate film 2904), reliability can be increased. Polarizing Film 2903 is made of triacetylcellulose (TAC) film, which has high transparency and durability. Such a substrate film and a TAC film may be sandwiched between two films. It functions as a protective layer for the polarizer of the VA polarizing film 2903 .

[0442] The substrate film (substrate film 2904) has an adhesive that is used to attach it to the glass substrate of the LCD panel. The adhesive layer 2905 is attached to one side of the substrate film. The adhesive layer 2905 is formed by applying it to the substrate film 2904. Film 2906 (separate film) is provided.

[0443] The other substrate film (substrate film 2902) is provided with a protective film 2901. There are.

[0444] In addition, the surface of the polarizing film 2900 is provided with a hard coat scattering layer (anti-glare layer). The hard coat scattering layer may have fine irregularities formed on the surface by AG treatment. It has an anti-glare function that scatters external light, preventing external light from being reflected on the LCD panel. Therefore, surface reflection can be prevented.

[0445] In addition, multiple optical thin film layers with different refractive indices are multi-layered on the surface of the polarizing film 2900 (anti- Reflection processing, also known as AR processing, may be used. Optical thin film layers with different refractive indices can reduce the surface reflectance through the optical interference effect. .

[0446] FIG. 43 is a diagram showing an example of a system block of a liquid crystal display device.

[0447] As shown in FIG. 43A, in the pixel portion 3005, a signal line 3012 is connected to the signal line driver circuit 300. 3. Also, the scanning lines 3010 extend from the scanning line driving circuit 3004. In the intersection area between the signal line 3012 and the scanning line 3010, a plurality of The pixels are arranged in a matrix. Each of the pixels has a switching element. The details of the pixel section 3005 have been described in the above embodiment, so they will not be explained here. .

[0448] In FIG. 43A, the driver circuit section 3008 includes a control circuit 3002, a signal line driver circuit 3003, and a The control circuit 3002 receives a video signal 3001 and a scanning line driver circuit 3004. The control circuit 3002 controls the signal line driving circuit 30 in response to the control signal 3001. 3003 and the scanning line driver circuit 3004. The control signals are input to the circuit 3003 and the scanning line driver circuit 3004. In response to the control signal, the signal line driver circuit 3003 inputs a video signal to the signal line 3012, The scanning line driver circuit 3004 inputs a scanning signal to the scanning line 3010. The switching elements are selected in response to scanning signals, and video signals are input to the pixel electrodes of the pixels. do.

[0449] The control circuit 3002 also controls the power supply 3007 in response to the control signal 3001. The power supply 3007 has a means for supplying power to the lighting means 3006. 06 is an edge-lit backlight unit or a direct-type backlight unit. A front light may be used as the illumination means 3006. The front light is attached to the front side of the pixel unit and consists of a light emitter and a light guide that illuminates the entire unit. This lighting unit is a plate-shaped light unit. It can illuminate the elemental parts.

[0450] The scanning line driving circuit 3004 includes, for example, a shift register 3041 as shown in FIG. It has circuits that function as a level shifter 3042 and a buffer 3043. Register 3041 contains the gate start pulse (GSP), gate clock signal (GCK), etc. The signal is input from the control circuit 2902.

[0451] As shown in FIG. 43C, the signal line driver circuit 3003 includes a shift register 3031, a first A latch 3032, a second latch 3033, a level shifter 3034, and a buffer 3035 are provided. The circuit that functions as a buffer 3035 is a circuit that amplifies a weak signal. The level shifter 3034 is a circuit that has the function of shifting the The first latch 303 receives signals such as a source pulse (SSP) and a source clock signal (SCK). Data (DATA) such as a video signal is input to the second latch 3032. The LAT signal can be temporarily held and input to the pixel section 3005 all at once. This is called line sequential driving. Therefore, if the pixel is driven by point sequential driving instead of line sequential driving, The second latch may not be necessary.

[0452] In this embodiment, a known liquid crystal panel can be used. The liquid crystal panel may have a structure in which a liquid crystal layer is sealed between two substrates. On one substrate, a transistor, a capacitance element, a pixel electrode, an alignment film, etc. are formed. A polarizing plate, a retardation plate or a prism sheet is disposed on the opposite side of the upper surface of the substrate. On the other substrate, a color filter, a black matrix, a counter electrode or An alignment film and the like are formed on the other substrate. A polarizing plate or a retardation film is formed on the opposite side of the upper surface of the other substrate. The color filter and the black matrix may be disposed on one substrate. It is also possible to form a slit (grid) on the upper surface of one of the substrates or on the opposite side. By placing the child, a three-dimensional display can be achieved.

[0453] The polarizing plate, the retardation plate, and the prism sheet are each disposed between two substrates. Alternatively, it can be integral with either of the two substrates.

[0454] In this embodiment, various drawings have been used to explain the present invention. (Part of the figure may be used) refers to the application, combination, or Furthermore, in the figures described above, Each part can be combined with other parts to form more figures. This can be done.

[0455] Similarly, the contents (or even a part thereof) described in each drawing of this embodiment may be applied to other embodiments and and the contents (even a part thereof) described in the drawings of the embodiments may be applied, combined, or replaced. Furthermore, in the drawings of this embodiment, regarding each part, By combining parts of other embodiments and examples, more figures can be constructed. It can be achieved.

[0456] In addition, this embodiment is intended to apply the contents (or a part thereof) described in other embodiments and examples to the present invention. An example of a realization, an example of a slight modification, an example of a partial change, an improved Examples of cases, examples of detailed cases, examples of applications, and related parts Therefore, the contents described in other embodiments and examples are not limited to the present embodiment. They can be freely applied, combined, or substituted in the embodiments.

[0457] (Embodiment 9) In this embodiment, a method for driving a display device will be described. In particular, a method for driving a liquid crystal display device will be described. This section explains how to operate the device.

[0458] The liquid crystal panel used in the liquid crystal display device described in this embodiment is made of a liquid crystal material The structure is sandwiched between two substrates. Each of the two substrates has a liquid crystal material printed on it. The liquid crystal material is equipped with electrodes to control the electric field applied from the outside. Therefore, it is a material whose optical and electrical properties change. By controlling the voltage applied to the liquid crystal material using the electrodes on the substrate, the desired optical It is a device that can obtain the mechanical and electrical properties. By arranging them side by side, each becomes a pixel, and by individually controlling the voltage applied to the pixel, This makes it possible to produce a liquid crystal panel that can display high-definition images.

[0459] Here, the response time of the liquid crystal material to a change in the electric field is determined by the distance between the two substrates (cell gap) Although it depends on the type of liquid crystal material, it is generally several milliseconds to several tens of milliseconds. If the change in the electric field is small, the response time of the liquid crystal material will be even longer. When displaying moving images on an LCD panel, afterimages, trailing, and reduced contrast may occur. This can cause problems with the image display, especially when changing from one gray level to another (such as when the The degree of the above-mentioned damage becomes more pronounced when the change in the field is small.

[0460] On the other hand, a problem specific to LCD panels using active matrices is that they are driven by a constant charge. There is a change in the write voltage. The constant charge driving in this embodiment will be described below.

[0461] The pixel circuit in an active matrix consists of a switch that controls writing and a circuit that stores charge. The pixel circuit in the active matrix is driven by a switch. After writing a predetermined voltage to the pixel circuit in the on state, the switch is immediately turned off. The charge in the pixel circuit is held (hold state). No charge is transferred between the inside and outside of the circuit (constant charge). Normally, the switch is on. The period in which the light is off is several hundred times longer than the period in which the light is on. Therefore, it can be considered that the switch of the pixel circuit is almost always in the OFF state. As described above, the constant charge driving in this embodiment means that when the liquid crystal panel is driven, the pixel circuit is almost It is assumed that this is a driving method in which the hold state is maintained for any period.

[0462] Next, we will explain the electrical properties of liquid crystal materials. When the temperature changes, the optical properties change and the dielectric constant also changes. When each pixel in the LCD panel is considered as a capacitance element (liquid crystal element) sandwiched between two electrodes, A capacitor is a capacitive element whose capacitance changes depending on the applied voltage. This will be called the electromechanical capacitance.

[0463] In this way, the capacitance element whose capacitance changes depending on the applied voltage is called the constant charge drive element. When driven by the electric current, the following problem occurs: In the hold state, if the capacitance of the liquid crystal element changes, the applied voltage also changes. This is due to the relationship (amount of charge) = (capacitance) x (applied voltage). This can be understood from the fact that the amount of charge is constant in the formula.

[0464] For the above reasons, the liquid crystal panel using the active matrix is driven by a constant charge. As a result, the voltage during the hold state changes from the voltage during the write state. As a result, the transmittance of the liquid crystal element changes differently from that in the driving method that does not take the hold state. This is shown in Figure 44. In Figure 44(A), the horizontal axis is time. The vertical axis represents the absolute value of the voltage, and the diagram shows an example of controlling the voltage written to the pixel circuit. 44(B) shows the control of the voltage written to the pixel circuit when the horizontal axis is time and the vertical axis is voltage. In Figure 44(C), the horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis represents the transmittance of the liquid crystal element. When the voltage shown in FIG. 44(A) or FIG. 44(B) is written to the pixel circuit, 44(A) to 44(C) show the time change in the transmittance of the crystal element. F represents the voltage rewrite period, and the times at which the voltage is rewritten are t1, t2, t3, t4, . ·Describe as.

[0465] Here, the write voltage corresponding to the image data input to the liquid crystal display device is In the rewrite at time t1, t2, t3, t4, ..., ...2, t3, t4, ..., the rewrite at time t3, t4, ..., the rewrite at time t4, t5, ..., the rewrite at time t6, t7, t8, ..., the rewrite at time t8, t9 V2| (See Figure 44(A))

[0466] The write voltage corresponding to the image data input to the liquid crystal display device is periodically changed in polarity. (Inversion drive: see Fig. 44(B)) By this method, a direct current is applied to the liquid crystal. Since it is possible to minimize the application of voltage, burn-in caused by deterioration of the liquid crystal element is prevented. The polarity switching period (reversal period) is the same as the voltage rewriting period. In this case, the inversion period is short, so flicker due to inversion drive may occur. Furthermore, the inversion period is an integer multiple of the voltage rewriting period. In this case, the inversion period is long, and the frequency of writing voltage by changing polarity is reduced. This allows for a reduction in power consumption.

[0467] When the voltage shown in FIG. 44(A) or FIG. 44(B) is applied to the liquid crystal element, The time change in the transmittance of the liquid crystal element is shown in Figure 44(C). Here, when a voltage |V1 The transmittance of the liquid crystal element after a sufficient time has passed after applying | is TR1. A voltage |V2| is applied to the element, and the transmittance of the liquid crystal element after a sufficient time has passed is TR2. At time t1, when the voltage applied to the liquid crystal element changes from |V1| to |V2|, As shown by the broken line 30401, the transmittance of the liquid crystal element does not immediately become TR2, but gradually decreases. For example, if the voltage rewrite cycle is equal to the frame cycle of a 60Hz image signal, (16.7 ms), it takes several frames for the transmittance to change to TR2. It takes a certain amount of time.

[0468] However, the smooth time-dependent change in transmittance shown by the dashed line 30401 is not accurate for liquid crystal elements. When a voltage |V2| is applied to the LCD panel, for example, In a liquid crystal panel using a matrix, the constant charge drive The voltage at the time of writing changes from the voltage at the time of writing, so the transmittance of the liquid crystal element The time change does not occur as shown by the dashed line 30401, but instead, the time change occurs as shown by the solid line 30402. This is because the voltage changes gradually over time due to the constant charge drive. This is because the target voltage cannot be reached in a single write. As a result, the response time of the transmittance of the liquid crystal element is apparently longer than the original response time (dashed line 30401). This can lead to image display issues such as afterimages, trailing images, and reduced contrast. This will significantly exacerbate the above problems.

[0469] By using overdrive, the original response time of the liquid crystal element and the die Apparent response due to dynamic capacitance and lack of writing due to constant charge driving This can simultaneously solve the problem of the time being longer. 45. In FIG. 45(A), the horizontal axis is time and the vertical axis is the absolute value of the voltage written to the pixel circuit. Figure 45(B) shows an example of controlling the voltage applied to the inverter. The horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis represents voltage. FIG. 45(C) shows an example of controlling the voltage written to the pixel circuit when the horizontal axis The vertical axis represents time and the vertical axis represents the transmittance of the liquid crystal element, and the graph is shown in Figure 45(A) or 45(B). The graph shows the time change in the transmittance of the liquid crystal element when the voltage is written to the pixel circuit. In FIG. 45(A) to (C), period F represents a voltage rewriting period. The times at which the signals are received will be described as t1, t2, t3, t4, ...

[0470] Here, the write voltage corresponding to the image data input to the liquid crystal display device is In the rewrite at time t1, |V3| is used, and in the rewrite at time t2, t3, t 4, the rewrite in ... is |V2| (see Figure 45(A)).

[0471] The write voltage corresponding to the image data input to the liquid crystal display device is periodically changed in polarity. (Inversion drive: see Fig. 45(B)) By this method, a direct current is applied to the liquid crystal. Since it is possible to minimize the application of voltage, burn-in caused by deterioration of the liquid crystal element is prevented. The polarity switching period (reversal period) is the same as the voltage rewriting period. In this case, the inversion period is short, so flicker due to inversion drive may occur. Furthermore, the inversion period is an integer multiple of the voltage rewriting period. In this case, the inversion period is long, and the frequency of writing voltage by changing polarity is reduced. This allows for a reduction in power consumption.

[0472] When the voltage shown in FIG. 45(A) or 45(B) is applied to the liquid crystal element, The time change in the transmittance of the liquid crystal element is shown in Figure 45(C). Here, when a voltage |V1 The transmittance of the liquid crystal element after a sufficient time has passed after applying | is TR1. A voltage |V2| is applied to the element, and the transmittance of the liquid crystal element after a sufficient time has passed is TR2. Similarly, when a voltage |V3| is applied to the liquid crystal element and sufficient time has passed, the transparency of the liquid crystal element At time t1, the voltage applied to the liquid crystal element changes from |V1| to |V 3|, the transmittance of the liquid crystal element changes over several frames as shown by the dashed line 30501. However, the voltage |V3| is applied at time t2. After time t2, voltage |V2| is applied. Therefore, the transmittance of the liquid crystal element is It will not be as shown by the dashed line 30501, but as shown by the solid line 30502. At time t2, the value of voltage |V3| is set so that the transmittance is approximately TR2. Here, the voltage |V3| is also called the overdrive voltage. do.

[0473] In other words, by changing the overdrive voltage |V3|, the response time of the liquid crystal element can be adjusted. This is because the response time of the liquid crystal changes depending on the strength of the electric field. Specifically, the stronger the electric field, the shorter the response time of the liquid crystal element. The weaker it is, the longer the response time of the liquid crystal element.

[0474] The overdrive voltage |V3| is the amount of change in voltage, i.e., the desired transparency. The transients TR1 and TR2 are varied according to the applied voltages |V1| and |V2|. This is because the response time of the liquid crystal element changes depending on the amount of change in voltage. However, by changing the overdrive voltage |V3| accordingly, the optimum This is because response time can be obtained.

[0475] The overdrive voltage |V3| is set for TN, VA, IPS, OCB, and other liquid crystal displays. It is preferable to change the response time depending on the mode, because the response speed of the liquid crystal varies depending on the mode of the liquid crystal. Therefore, even if the voltage is different, the overdrive voltage |V3| is changed accordingly. This is because optimal response times can be obtained at all times.

[0476] The voltage rewriting period F may be the same as the frame period of the input signal. Since the peripheral driving circuit of the liquid crystal display device can be simplified, a liquid crystal display device can be obtained at low manufacturing costs. This can be done.

[0477] The voltage rewrite period F may be shorter than the frame period of the input signal. For example, The voltage rewrite period F may be 1 / 2 or 1 / 3 of the frame period of the input signal. This method includes black insertion drive, backlight blinking, backlight skimming, and Motion images caused by hold driving of the liquid crystal display device, such as motion compensation and intermediate image insertion driving It is effective to use this method in conjunction with measures to prevent quality degradation. The countermeasures for the degradation of video quality caused by hard drive are to reduce the required response time of the liquid crystal element. Therefore, by using the overdrive driving method described in this embodiment, the liquid crystal element can be relatively easily The response time of the liquid crystal element varies depending on the cell gap, the liquid crystal material, and the Although it is possible to shorten the time by using a liquid crystal mode, etc., it is technically difficult. Therefore, the response time of the liquid crystal element can be shortened by using a driving method such as overdrive. The use of methods is very important.

[0478] The voltage rewrite period F may be longer than the frame period of the input signal. For example, The voltage rewrite period F may be two or three times the frame period of the input signal. This method is a means for determining whether or not the voltage has not been rewritten for a long period of time. It is effective to use it in conjunction with (circuit). If this is not possible, the voltage rewrite operation itself will not be performed, and the circuit operation will be stopped for that period. Since the operation can be stopped during the period, a liquid crystal display device with low power consumption can be obtained.

[0479] Next, the overdrive voltage |V3| is set to the desired transmittances TR1 and TR2. Explains how to change the voltages |V1| and |V2| do.

[0480] The overdrive circuit generates the voltages |V1| and |V2| that give the desired transmittances TR1 and TR2. and a circuit for properly controlling the overdrive voltage |V3| according to |V2|. Therefore, the signal input to the overdrive circuit is the voltage |V and a signal related to the voltage |V2| that gives the transmittance TR2. The signal output from the bar drive circuit is related to the overdrive voltage |V3| Here, these signals include the voltages (|V1|, |V2| , |V3|) or the voltage applied to the liquid crystal element. Here, the signal related to the overdrive circuit may be a digital signal. The signal will be described as a digital signal.

[0481] First, the overall configuration of the overdrive circuit will be described with reference to FIG. 46(A). Here, the input image signal 310 is used as a signal for controlling the overdrive voltage. 1a and 3101b are used. As a result of processing these signals, the overdrive voltage is As a signal to be applied, an output image signal 3104 is output.

[0482] Here, the voltages |V1| and |V2| that give the desired transmittances TR1 and TR2 are Since the input image signals 3101a and 3101b are image signals in adjacent frames, Similarly, 3101b is preferably an image signal in a frame adjacent to each other. To obtain such a signal, the input image signal 3101a is converted into the signal shown in (A) of FIG. The signal is input to a delay circuit 3102, and the resulting output signal is designated as an input image signal 3101b. The delay circuit 3102 may be, for example, a memory. In order to delay the input image signal 3101a by one frame, the input image signal 3101a is stored in the memory. 101a is stored, and at the same time, the signal stored in the previous frame is , and the input image signal 3101b is taken out from the memory, and the input image signal 3101a and the input By simultaneously inputting the image signals 3101b to the correction circuit 3103, the adjacent frames are It is possible to handle image signals in adjacent frames. The image signal in the frame is input to a correction circuit 3103 to generate an output image signal 3104 When a memory is used as the delay circuit 3102, one frame In order to delay the image signal for one frame, a memory (i.e., In this way, there is no excess or shortage of memory capacity, It can function as a delay circuit.

[0483] Next, we will discuss the delay circuit 3102, which is designed primarily to reduce memory capacity. By using such a circuit as the delay circuit 3102, the memory capacity can be reduced. This allows for a reduction in manufacturing costs.

[0484] Specifically, a delay circuit 3102 having such characteristics is shown in FIG. 46(B). The delay circuit 3102 shown in FIG. 105, a memory 3106, and a decoder 3107.

[0485] The operation of the delay circuit 3102 shown in FIG. 46(B) is as follows. Before storing the input image signal 3101a in the memory 3106, the encoder 3105 As a result, the size of the data to be stored in the memory 3106 is As a result, the memory capacity can be reduced, which reduces manufacturing costs. The compressed image signal is then output to the decoder 3107. The data is then sent to the encoder 3105 where it is decompressed. Here, the encoder 3105 and the decoder 3106 can restore the previously processed signal. The compression / decompression process performed by 3107 may be a lossless process. This means that there is no degradation of the image signal even after compression and expansion processing, so the final image displayed on the device is This reduces the memory capacity without reducing the quality of the images being displayed. The compression and decompression processes performed by the coder 3105 and the decoder 3107 are lossy. This makes it possible to reduce the size of the compressed image signal data to a very small size. This allows for a significant reduction in memory capacity.

[0486] There are various other ways to reduce memory capacity besides those listed above. Instead of compressing the image using an encoder, the image signal has Reduce the color information (for example, from 260,000 colors to 65,000 colors) or reduce the number of data (reducing the resolution), etc.

[0487] Next, a specific example of the correction circuit 3103 will be described with reference to (C) to (E) of FIG. The correction circuit 3103 outputs an output image signal of a certain value from two input image signals. Here, the relationship between the two input image signals and the output image signal is nonlinear, and If it is difficult to obtain the value by simple calculation, a look-up table may be used as the correction circuit 3103. A look-up table (LUT) may be used. The LUT defines the relationship between two input image signals and an output image signal. , which is previously obtained by measurement, the output image corresponding to the two input image signals The signal can be obtained by simply referencing the LUT (see (C) in Figure 46). By using LUT3108 as 3103, it is possible to compensate without complex circuit design. A positive circuit 3103 can be realized.

[0488] Here, since the LUT is a type of memory, reducing the memory capacity as much as possible is essential for the product. This is preferable in terms of reducing manufacturing costs. 46(D) is possible. The correction circuit 3103 shown in FIG. 46(D) is The LUT 3109 receives an input image signal 310 and an adder 3110. 1a and the difference data between the input image signal 3104 to be output. The corresponding difference data is calculated from the output image signal 3101a and the input image signal 3101b using the LUT. 3109, and the extracted differential data and the input image signal 3101a are input to the adder 31 By adding 10, the output image signal 3104 can be obtained. By storing the data in the 3109 as differential data, the memory capacity of the LUT can be reduced. This is because the differential data is more data-rich than the output image signal 3104 as it is. This is because the size is small, so the memory capacity required for the LUT3109 can be reduced.

[0489] Furthermore, the output image signal is obtained by simple arithmetic operations such as the four basic operations of the two input image signals. If it is possible to realize this, it can be realized by combining simple circuits such as adders, subtractors, and multipliers. As a result, there is no need to use an LUT, which can significantly reduce manufacturing costs. An example of such a circuit is the circuit shown in (E) of FIG. The correction circuit 3103 shown in E) includes a subtractor 3111, a multiplier 3112, and an adder 3113. First, the difference between the input image signal 3101a and the input image signal 3101b is subtracted. Then, a multiplier 3112 multiplies the difference value by an appropriate coefficient. Then, the input image signal 3101a is multiplied by an appropriate coefficient to obtain a difference value, which is then input to an adder 311. By adding the signal 3104 to the output signal 3104, the output image signal 3104 can be obtained. By using this, it becomes unnecessary to use an LUT, and manufacturing costs can be significantly reduced. This can be done.

[0490] Under certain conditions, by using the correction circuit 3103 shown in FIG. 46(E), It is possible to prevent an inappropriate output image signal 3104 from being output. The conditions for this are: An output image signal 3104 that provides an overdrive voltage, and an input image signal 3101a and The difference value of the input image signal 3101b has linearity. is the coefficient multiplied by the multiplier 3112. In other words, a liquid crystal having such properties It is preferable to use a correction circuit 3103 shown in FIG. As a liquid crystal element with this quality, an IPS mode liquid crystal element with a small response time dependence on gradation is In this way, for example, the compensation shown in FIG. 46(E) can be applied to an IPS mode liquid crystal element. By using the positive circuit 3103, the manufacturing cost can be significantly reduced and improper output can be prevented. 3104. It is possible.

[0491] The same functions as those of the circuits shown in (A) to (E) of Figure 46 can be realized by software processing. The memory used in the delay circuit may be the same as other memories included in the liquid crystal display device. The device that sends out the image to be displayed on the LCD display (for example, a personal computer) It is possible to reuse memory etc. that is included in a computer or a video card of a similar device. This not only reduces manufacturing costs, but also improves the strength and utility of the overdrive. The user can select the situation in which the device is used according to his or her preference.

[0492] Next, the driving for manipulating the potential of the common line will be described with reference to FIG. A) is a scanning method for a display device using a display element with a capacitive property such as a liquid crystal element. This diagram shows multiple pixel circuits when one common line is arranged for each line. The pixel circuit shown in FIG. 47A includes a transistor 3201, an auxiliary capacitor 3202, a display element It includes a pixel 3203, a video signal line 3204, a scanning line 3205, and a common line 3206.

[0493] The gate electrode of the transistor 3201 is electrically connected to the scanning line 3205. One of the source electrode and the drain electrode of the capacitor 3201 is electrically connected to the video signal line 3204. The other of the source electrode and the drain electrode of the transistor 3201 is connected to an auxiliary capacitor 3202 and one electrode of the display element 3203 . The other electrode of the auxiliary capacitor 3202 is electrically connected to a common line 3206 .

[0494] First, the pixel selected by the scan line 3205 has the transistor 3201 turned on. Therefore, the display element 3203 and the auxiliary capacitor 3202 are connected to the video signal line 3204. A voltage corresponding to the video signal is applied. At this time, the video signal is connected to the common line 3206. If the lowest gray level is displayed for all pixels connected to the common line 3, If the highest gradation is displayed for all pixels connected to 206, There is no need to write video signals via the video signal line 3204. Instead of writing a video signal through the common line 3206, the display The voltage across element 3203 can be varied.

[0495] Next, FIG. 47(B) shows a display device using a display element having a capacitive property such as a liquid crystal element. In a device, when two common lines are arranged for one scanning line, The pixel circuit shown in FIG. 47B includes a transistor 3211, an auxiliary capacitor 3212, a display element 3213, a video signal line 3214, a scanning line 3215, a first common line 3 216 and a second common line 3217.

[0496] The gate electrode of the transistor 3211 is electrically connected to the scanning line 3215. One of the source electrode and the drain electrode of the capacitor 3211 is electrically connected to the video signal line 3214. The other of the source electrode and the drain electrode of the transistor 3211 is connected to an auxiliary capacitor 3212 and one electrode of the display element 3213 . The other electrode of the auxiliary capacitor 3212 is electrically connected to a first common line 3216. There are. In addition, in the pixel adjacent to the pixel, the other electrode of the auxiliary capacitance 3212 is connected to the second capacitor. It is electrically connected to the monitor line 3217.

[0497] The pixel circuit shown in FIG. 47(B) has a small number of pixels electrically connected to one common line. Therefore, instead of writing the video signal through the video signal line 3214, the first common line 3 By changing the potential of the second common line 3216 or the second common line 3217, the voltage applied to the display element 3213 is changed. The frequency with which the voltage can be changed is significantly increased. The reliability of the element is improved by source inversion driving or dot inversion driving. This allows for flicker suppression while maintaining the image quality.

[0498] Next, the scanning backlight will be described with reference to Fig. 66. (A) of Fig. 66 shows a scanning backlight. This is a diagram showing a scanning backlight in which cathode ray tubes are arranged side by side. The light source includes a diffuser 6601 and N cold cathode fluorescent lamps 6602-1 to 6602-N. N cold cathode fluorescent lamps 6602-1 to 6602-N are arranged in parallel behind the diffuser plate 6601. By doing so, N cold cathode fluorescent lamps 6602-1 to 6602-N are scanned by changing their brightness. It is possible.

[0499] The change in brightness of each cold cathode tube during scanning will be explained using FIG. 66(C). The brightness of the cold cathode tube 6602-1 is changed for a certain period of time. The brightness of the cold cathode fluorescent lamp 6602-2 placed next to the cold cathode fluorescent lamp 6602-1 is changed for the same period of time. As shown in the figure, the brightness of the cold cathode fluorescent lamps 6602-1 to 6602-N is changed in order. In (C) of 66, the brightness that is changed for a certain period of time is set to be smaller than the original brightness. , may be greater than the original brightness. Also, the cold cathode fluorescent lamps 6602-1 to 6602-N are scanned. However, scanning may be performed in the reverse direction from cold cathode tube 6602-N to 6602-1.

[0500] By driving as shown in Figure 66, the average brightness of the backlight can be reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the power consumption of the backlight, which accounts for the majority of the power consumption of a liquid crystal display device. It is possible.

[0501] In addition, LEDs may be used as the light source of the scanning backlight. The backlight is as shown in Figure 66(B). The scanning backlight shown in Figure 66(B) is , a diffusion plate 6611, and light sources 6612-1 to 6612-N in which LEDs are arranged side by side. When LEDs are used as the light source for a scanning backlight, the backlight can be made thinner and lighter. Another advantage is that the color reproduction range can be expanded. The LEDs arranged in parallel with the light sources 6612-1 to 6612-N, each of which has an ED arranged in parallel, are also Since the light can be scanned in a single scan, it can also be used as a point scanning backlight. This will further improve the image quality of the moving image.

[0502] In addition, even when an LED is used as the light source for the backlight, the brightness is as shown in Figure 66 (C). The angle can be changed to drive the light source.

[0503] In this embodiment, various drawings have been used to explain the present invention. (Part of the figure may be used) refers to the application, combination, or Furthermore, in the figures described above, Each part can be combined with other parts to form more figures. This can be done.

[0504] Similarly, the contents (or even a part thereof) described in each drawing of this embodiment may be applied to the drawings of other embodiments. You may freely apply, combine, or replace the contents (or even a part of them) described in Furthermore, in the drawings of this embodiment, each part may be represented as a separate embodiment. By combining parts of the form, even more figures can be constructed.

[0505] This embodiment may embody the contents (or even a part thereof) described in other embodiments. An example of a case where it has been slightly modified, an example of a case where it has been partially modified, an example of a case where it has been improved, Examples of detailed descriptions, examples of applications, examples of related parts, etc. Therefore, the contents described in the other embodiments may be applied to and combined with this embodiment. can be freely combined or substituted.

[0506] (Embodiment 10) In this embodiment, the operation of the display device will be described.

[0507] FIG. 67 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a display device.

[0508] The display device 6700 includes a pixel portion 6701, a signal line driver circuit 6703, and a scanning line driver circuit 6704. 04. In the pixel portion 6701, a plurality of signal lines S1 to Sm are connected to a signal line driver circuit 670. The pixel portion 6701 is provided with a plurality of scanning lines G1 to G3. n are arranged extending in the row direction from the scanning line driving circuit 6704. At the intersections of the lines S1 to Sm and the plurality of scan lines G1 to Gn, pixels 670 2 are arranged in a matrix.

[0509] The signal line driver circuit 6703 has a function of outputting signals to each of the signal lines S1 to Sn. This signal may be called a video signal. It has the function of outputting signals to the lines G1 to Gm. These signals are called scanning signals. good.

[0510] It is to be noted that the pixel 6702 has at least a switching element connected to a signal line. The switching element is controlled to be on or off by the potential of the scanning line (scanning signal). When the switching element is turned on, the pixel 6702 is selected, and when the switching element is turned off, the pixel 6702 is selected. In this case, pixel 6702 is not selected.

[0511] When the pixel 6702 is selected (selected state), a video signal is sent to the pixel 6702 from the signal line. Then, the state of the pixel 6702 (for example, brightness, transmittance, voltage of the storage capacitor) etc.) change according to the input video signal.

[0512] When the pixel 6702 is not selected (non-selected state), the video signal is input to the pixel 6702. However, the pixel 6702 holds a potential according to the video signal input when selected. Therefore, the pixel 6702 responds to the video signal (for example, brightness, transmittance, storage capacitance, etc.). Maintain the voltage, etc.

[0513] Note that the configuration of the display device is not limited to that shown in FIG. 67. For example, depending on the configuration of the pixel 6702, Alternatively, new wiring (scanning line, signal line, power supply line, capacitance line, common line, etc.) may be added. As another example, circuits with different functions may be added.

[0514] FIG. 68 shows an example of a timing chart for explaining the operation of the display device.

[0515] The timing chart in FIG. 68 shows one frame period, which corresponds to the period for displaying one screenful of image. There is no particular limit to the length of one frame period, but if a person viewing an image notices flickering, It is preferable to set the shutter speed to at least 1 / 60 seconds or less so that the shutter speed is not noticeable.

[0516] The timing chart of FIG. 68 shows the scanning line G1 of the first row, the scanning line Gi of the i-th row (scanning line G1 to Gm), the i+1th scanning line Gi+1 and the mth scanning line Gm are The timings at which each of the options is selected are shown.

[0517] At the same time that a scanning line is selected, the pixel 6702 connected to that scanning line is also selected. For example, if the i-th scanning line Gi is selected, the Pixel 6702 is also selected.

[0518] The scanning lines G1 to Gm are respectively the first scanning line G1 to the mth scanning line Gm. For example, the i-th scanning line Gi is selected. During this period, the scanning lines other than the i-th scanning line Gi (G1 to Gi-1, Gi+1 to Gm ) is not selected. Then, in the next period, the i+1th scanning line Gi+1 is selected. The period during which one scanning line is selected is called one gate selection period. This is also called the write period for the selected row.

[0519] Therefore, when a certain row of scanning lines is selected, the pixels 670 connected to that scanning line are 2, video signals are input from signal lines G1 to Gm. While the scanning line Gi of the i-th row is selected, a plurality of pixels 67 connected to the scanning line Gi of the i-th row 02 receives any video signal from each of the signal lines S1 to Sn. , the individual pixels 6702 are independently controlled by scanning signals and video signals. can be done.

[0520] Next, a case where one gate selection period is divided into a plurality of sub-gate selection periods will be described. FIG. 69 shows a gate selection period divided into two sub-gate selection periods (first sub-gate selection period and 10 shows a timing chart when the period is divided into a first sub-gate selection period and a second sub-gate selection period.

[0521] It is also possible to divide one gate selection period into three or more sub-gate selection periods.

[0522] The timing chart in FIG. 69 shows one frame period, which corresponds to the period for displaying one screenful of image. There is no particular limit to the length of one frame period, but if a person viewing an image notices flickering, It is preferable to set the shutter speed to at least 1 / 60 seconds or less so that the shutter speed is not noticeable.

[0523] One frame consists of two subframes (the first subframe and the second subframe). It is divided into:

[0524] The timing chart of FIG. 69 shows the scanning line Gi in the i-th row, the scanning line Gi+1 in the i+1-th row, The jth scanning line Gj (one of the scanning lines Gi+1 to Gm), the j+1th scanning line, and 10 shows the timings at which the scanning lines Gj+1 in the Gj+1th and Gj+1th rows are selected.

[0525] At the same time that a scanning line is selected, the pixel 6702 connected to that scanning line is also selected. For example, if the i-th scanning line Gi is selected, the Pixel 6702 is also selected.

[0526] The scanning lines G1 to Gm are scanned in sequence during each sub-gate selection period. For example, in one gate selection period, the scanning of the i-th row is performed in the first sub-gate selection period. The scanning line Gi is selected, and in the second sub-gate selection period, the j-th scanning line Gj is selected. Then, during one gate selection period, it is as if two rows of scanning signals were selected at the same time. At this time, the first sub-gate selection period and the second sub-gate selection period are During the port selection period, different video signals are input to the signal lines S1 to Sn. A plurality of pixels 6702 connected to the i-th row and a plurality of pixels 670 connected to the j-th row Separate video signals can be input to the two.

[0527] Next, the frame rate of the input image data (also referred to as the input frame rate) and the display This section explains the driving method for converting the frame rate (also referred to as the display frame rate) of The frame rate is the number of frames per second, measured in Hz.

[0528] In this embodiment, the input frame rate does not necessarily match the display frame rate. If the input frame rate and the display frame rate are different, The frame rate is converted by a circuit (frame rate conversion circuit) This allows you to convert the input frame rate and the display frame rate. Even if the video source is different, the video can be displayed at various display frame rates.

[0529] If the input frame rate is higher than the display frame rate, By discarding the part, it is possible to convert the image into various display frame rates and display the image. In this case, the display frame rate can be reduced, so the operating frequency of the drive circuit for display can be reduced. On the other hand, the input frame rate can be reduced, which reduces power consumption. If the frame rate is lower than the frame rate, all or part of the input image data is displayed multiple times. Generate a different image from the input image data. By using methods such as generating images without distortion, it is possible to convert the image to various display frame rates. In this case, the display frame rate can be increased. , the quality of the video can be improved.

[0530] In this embodiment, when the input frame rate is lower than the display frame rate, The frame rate conversion method will be explained in detail. For details on how to convert the frame rate when the input frame rate is larger than the input frame rate, see Input Frame Rate. Perform the reverse steps of the frame rate conversion method when is smaller than the display frame rate This can be achieved by:

[0531] In this embodiment, the frame rate of the image displayed is the same as the input frame rate. On the other hand, images displayed at a different frame rate from the basic image are called basic images. The image is displayed to match the input frame rate with the display frame rate. The image that is interpolated is called an interpolated image. The same image as the base image can be used for the interpolated image. Furthermore, you can create an image that is different from the base image and use the created image as the interpolated image. do.

[0532] When creating an interpolated image, the temporal change (image movement) of the input image data is detected. A method of using these intermediate images as an interpolated image, a method of multiplying the luminance of the basic image by a certain coefficient, A method of interpolating an image from an input image data, creating multiple different images from the input image data, and Present multiple images in time sequence (one of the multiple images is a base image, The remaining image is used as an interpolated image) so that the image corresponding to the input image data is displayed. There are also methods for creating multiple different images from input image data. There are two ways to achieve this: converting the gamma value of the input image data, There are methods for dividing the tone values contained in the data, etc.

[0533] Note that an intermediate image (intermediate image) is an image that is generated by changing the input image data over time (moving the image). The image is obtained by detecting the movement of the object and interpolating the detected movement. The process of obtaining intermediate images using the motion compensation method is called motion compensation.

[0534] Next, a specific example of a frame rate conversion method will be described. It is possible to achieve frame rate conversion by a factor of n / m, where n and m are The frame rate conversion method according to the present embodiment includes the following steps: The first step is to calculate the number of points in a given set of vectors. This is the step of converting the frame rate by a rational number (n / m). Alternatively, an intermediate image obtained by motion compensation may be used as an interpolated image. The second step may be performed by converting the input image data or the frame data in the first step. From each image that has been converted into a different image (sub-image), The second step is a step for performing a method of displaying the sub-images successively in time. By using a pop-up method, it is possible to display multiple different images. Regardless of the original image, the image can be perceived by the human eye as if it were the original image.

[0535] The frame rate conversion method according to the present embodiment includes a first step and a second step. You can use both steps, or you can skip the first step and use only the second step. Alternatively, the second step may be omitted and only the first step may be used.

[0536] First, as a first step, we consider frame rate conversion by any rational number (n / m) (See Figure 70.) In Figure 70, the horizontal axis is time, and the vertical axis is the time for various n and m. The diagram in Figure 70 shows a schematic diagram of the image to be displayed. The horizontal position indicates the timing of the display. The displayed points are used to represent the movement of the image. This is an example, and the displayed image is not limited to this. This method can be applied to various images. can be applied as follows.

[0537] The period Tin represents the cycle of the input image data. For example, if the input frame rate is 60Hz, the input The image data period is 1 / 60 seconds. Similarly, if the input frame rate is 50Hz, The period of the input image data is 1 / 50 seconds. The input frame rate (unit: Hz) is the reciprocal of the input frame rate. Various frequencies can be used, for example, 24Hz, 50Hz, 60Hz, 70Hz, Examples include 48Hz, 100Hz, 120Hz, 140Hz, etc. 4Hz is the frame rate used for film movies. 50Hz is the frame rate for the PAL standard. This is the frame rate used for video signals, etc. 60Hz is the frame rate for NTSC video signals, etc. 70Hz is the frame rate used for personal computer displays. The frame rate used for input signals, etc.: 48Hz, 100Hz, 120Hz, 140Hz is double the frame rate of these. In this way, according to the method shown in this embodiment, various frame rates can be used. It is possible to convert the frame rate of input signals of various standards.

[0538] The procedure for converting the frame rate by any rational number (n / m) in the first step is as follows: As follows. In step 1, the kth interpolated image (k is an integer greater than or equal to 1; the initial value is 1) for the first basic image is calculated. The display timing of the kth interpolated image is determined by the timing when the first basic image is displayed. This is the point in time when a period equal to k(m / n) times the period of the input image data has elapsed since it was displayed. Let's say. In step 2, the coefficient k(m / n) used to determine the display timing of the kth interpolated image is If it is an integer, the kth interpolated image is displayed at the timing The (k(m / n)+1)th basic image is displayed and the first step is completed. If not, proceed to step 3. In step 3, an image to be used as the k-th interpolated image is determined. The coefficient k(m / n) used to determine the image display timing is converted into the form x+y / n. Here, x and y are integers, and y is a number smaller than n. Then, the kth complement If the intermediate image is an intermediate image obtained by motion compensation, the k-th interpolated image is the (x+1 The movement of the image from the (x)th basic image to the (x+2)th basic image is multiplied by (y / n). If the k-th interpolated image is the same as the basic image, In this case, the (x+1)th basic image can be used. The method for obtaining intermediate images corresponding to the motion will be described in detail elsewhere. do. In step 4, the target interpolated image is moved to the next interpolated image. Specifically, the value of k is increased by 1. and return to step 1.

[0539] Next, the procedure in the first step will be explained in detail, specifying the values of n and m. Reveal.

[0540] The mechanism for executing the procedure in the first step is implemented in the device. Alternatively, it may be determined in advance during the design stage of the device. If the device is equipped with a mechanism for executing the procedures in the above, it will perform the optimal operation according to the situation. It is possible to switch the driving method so that the image can be displayed as it is. Image data content, environment inside and outside the device (temperature, humidity, air pressure, light, sound, magnetic field, electric field, radiation dose, altitude, acceleration, speed, etc.), user settings, software version, etc. The mechanism for executing the procedure in the first step is determined in advance at the design stage of the device. If the driver circuit is the same as the driver circuit of the same type, the driver circuit most suitable for each driver method can be used. By having a predetermined assembly, it is expected that manufacturing costs will be reduced through mass production effects.

[0541] When n=1, m=1, that is, the conversion ratio (n / m) is 1 (where n=1, m=1 in Figure 70), In this case, the operation in the first step is as follows. First, when k=1, in step 1, , determining the display timing of the first interpolated image relative to the first basic image. The display timing of the input image data is determined by the cycle of k(m / n), i.e., the point at which a period equal to 1 has elapsed.

[0542] Next, in step 2, the coefficient k(m / n) used to determine the display timing of the first interpolated image is Here, the coefficient k(m / n) is 1, so it is an integer. Therefore, at the display timing of the first interpolated image, the (k(m / n)+1)th That is, the second basic image is displayed, and the first step is completed.

[0543] That is, if the conversion ratio is 1, the kth image is the base image, and the k+1th image is the base image. This is a main image, and the image display period is characterized by being 1 time the period of the input image data.

[0544] Specifically, when the conversion ratio is 1 (n / m=1), The i-th (i is a positive integer) image data, The (i+1)th image data is input as input image data in a regular cycle, The kth image (k is a positive integer), The display device is configured to sequentially display the k+1th image at intervals equal to the period of the input image data. A method of movement comprising: the kth image is displayed according to the ith image data; The k+1th image is displayed according to the i+1th image data. It is characterized by:

[0545] Here, if the conversion ratio is 1, the frame rate conversion circuit can be omitted. , which has the advantage of reducing the manufacturing cost. This has the advantage that the video quality can be improved compared to when the ratio is smaller than 1. A ratio of 1 reduces power consumption and manufacturing costs compared to conversion ratios greater than 1 This has the advantage that it can be

[0546] When n=2, m=1, that is, the conversion ratio (n / m) is 2 (where n=2, m=1 in Figure 70), In this case, the operation in the first step is as follows. First, when k=1, in step 1, , determining the display timing of the first interpolated image relative to the first basic image. The display timing of the input image data is determined by the cycle of k(m / n), i.e., the point at which a period equal to 1 / 2 has passed.

[0547] Next, in step 2, the coefficient k(m / n) used to determine the display timing of the first interpolated image is , determine whether it is an integer. Here, the coefficient k(m / n) is 1 / 2, so it is an integer. No, so go to step 3.

[0548] In step 3, the image to be used as the first interpolated image is determined. To do this, the coefficient 1 / 2 is set to x +y / n. In the case of coefficient 1 / 2, x=0, y=1. Then, the first When the interpolated image is an intermediate image obtained by motion compensation, the first interpolated image is the (x+ 1) i.e., the movement of the image from the first basic image to the (x+2) i.e., the second basic image The intermediate image is calculated as an image corresponding to a movement of y / n times, i.e., 1 / 2 times. If the interpolated image is to be the same as the basic image, the (x+1)th, or first basic image is It can be used.

[0549] By the procedure up to this point, the display timing of the first interpolated image and the image to be displayed as the first interpolated image are determined. Next, in step 4, the target interpolated image is determined by the first interpolation. 2. Move from the intermediate image to the second interpolated image, i.e., change k from 1 to 2, and go back to step 1.

[0550] When k=2, in step 1, the display timing of the second interpolated image relative to the first basic image is The display timing of the second interpolated image is determined as follows: This is the point in time when a period equal to k(m / n) times the period of the image data, i.e., 1, has elapsed.

[0551] Next, in step 2, the coefficient k(m / n) used to determine the display timing of the second interpolated image is Here, the coefficient k(m / n) is 1, so it is an integer. Therefore, at the display timing of the second interpolated image, the (k(m / n)+1)th That is, the second basic image is displayed, and the first step is completed.

[0552] That is, when the conversion ratio is 2 (n / m=2), The kth image is the base image, The k+1th image is an interpolated image, The k+2th image is a basic image, and the image display period is 1 / 2 the period of the input image data. It is characterized by the fact that

[0553] Specifically, when the conversion ratio is 2 (n / m=2), The i-th (i is a positive integer) image data, The (i+1)th image data is input as input image data in a regular cycle, The kth image (k is a positive integer), The k+1th image, A display device that sequentially displays the (k+2)th image at intervals of 1 / 2 the period of the input image data. A driving method for the kth image is displayed according to the ith image data; The k+1 image is a motion image from the i image data to the i+1 image data. It is displayed according to image data equivalent to half the movement of the The k+2 image is displayed according to the i+1 image data. It is characterized by:

[0554] In yet another concrete expression, when the conversion ratio is 2 (n / m=2), The i-th (i is a positive integer) image data, The (i+1)th image data is input as input image data in a regular cycle, The kth image (k is a positive integer), The k+1th image, A display device that sequentially displays the (k+2)th image at intervals of 1 / 2 the period of the input image data. A driving method for the kth image is displayed according to the ith image data; the k+1th image is displayed according to the ith image data; The k+2 image is displayed according to the i+1 image data. It is characterized by:

[0555] Specifically, when the conversion ratio is 2, it is also called double speed drive, or simply double speed drive. For example, if the input frame rate is 60Hz, the display frame rate will be 120Hz ( (120Hz drive) and for one input image, the image is displayed twice in succession. In this case, if the interpolated image is an intermediate image obtained by motion compensation, This can significantly improve the quality of your video by making the video smoother. Furthermore, when the display device is an active matrix liquid crystal display device, This brings about a particularly remarkable effect in improving image quality. This is because the capacitance of the liquid crystal element changes depending on the applied voltage. Regarding the problem of insufficient write voltage due to dynamic capacitance, That is, by making the display frame rate higher than the input frame rate, This allows the frequency of image data writing operations to be increased, which reduces the dynamic capacitance. This reduces video trailing, afterimages, and other problems caused by insufficient write voltage due to the Furthermore, it is also effective to combine AC drive and 120Hz drive for LCD displays. That is, the driving frequency of the liquid crystal display device is set to 120 Hz, and the AC driving frequency is set to 120 Hz. Integer multiples or fractions of (for example, 30Hz, 60Hz, 120Hz, 240Hz, etc.) ) to reduce the flicker caused by AC drive to a level that is not perceptible to the human eye. can be reduced to a certain degree.

[0556] In the case of n=3, m=1, that is, the conversion ratio (n / m) is 3 (n=3, m=1 in Figure 70), In this case, the operation in the first step is as follows. First, when k=1, in step 1, , determining the display timing of the first interpolated image relative to the first basic image. The display timing of the input image data is determined by the cycle of k(m This is the point when a period of time equal to 1 / 3 (1 / n) has passed.

[0557] Next, in step 2, the coefficient k(m / n) used to determine the display timing of the first interpolated image is , determine whether it is an integer. Here, the coefficient k(m / n) is 1 / 3, so it is an integer. No, so go to step 3.

[0558] In step 3, the image to be used as the first interpolated image is determined. To do this, the coefficient 1 / 3 is added to x +y / n. In the case of coefficient 1 / 3, x=0, y=1. Then, the first When the interpolated image is an intermediate image obtained by motion compensation, the first interpolated image is the (x+ 1) i.e., the movement of the image from the first basic image to the (x+2) i.e., the second basic image The intermediate image is calculated as an image corresponding to a movement of y / n times, i.e., 1 / 3 times. If the interpolated image is to be the same as the basic image, the (x+1)th, or first basic image is It can be used.

[0559] By the procedure up to this point, the display timing of the first interpolated image and the image to be displayed as the first interpolated image are determined. Next, in step 4, the target interpolated image is determined by the first interpolation. 2. Move from the intermediate image to the second interpolated image, i.e., change k from 1 to 2, and go back to step 1.

[0560] When k=2, in step 1, the display timing of the second interpolated image relative to the first basic image is The display timing of the second interpolated image is determined as follows: This is the point in time when a period equal to k(m / n) times, or 2 / 3 times, the period of the image data has elapsed.

[0561] Next, in step 2, the coefficient k(m / n) used to determine the display timing of the second interpolated image is , determine whether it is an integer. Here, the coefficient k(m / n) is 2 / 3, so it is an integer. No, so go to step 3.

[0562] In step 3, the image to be used as the second interpolated image is determined. To do this, the coefficient 2 / 3 is added to x +y / n. In the case of coefficient 2 / 3, x=0, y=2. Then, the second When the interpolated image is an intermediate image obtained by motion compensation, the second interpolated image is the (x+ 1) i.e., the movement of the image from the first basic image to the (x+2) i.e., the second basic image The intermediate image is calculated as an image corresponding to a movement of y / n times, i.e., 2 / 3 times. If the interpolated image is to be the same as the basic image, the (x+1)th, or first basic image is It can be used.

[0563] By following the steps up to this point, the display timing of the second interpolated image and the image to be displayed as the second interpolated image are determined. Next, in step 4, the target interpolated image is 3. Move from the intermediate image to the third interpolated image, i.e., change k from 2 to 3, and go back to step 1.

[0564] When k=3, in step 1, the display timing of the third interpolated image relative to the first basic image is The display timing of the third interpolated image is determined as follows: This is the point in time when a period equal to k(m / n) times the period of the image data, i.e., 1, has elapsed.

[0565] Next, in step 2, the coefficient k(m / n) used to determine the display timing of the third interpolated image is Here, the coefficient k(m / n) is 1, so it is an integer. Therefore, at the display timing of the third interpolated image, the (k(m / n)+1)th That is, the second basic image is displayed, and the first step is completed.

[0566] That is, when the conversion ratio is 3 (n / m=3), The kth image is the base image, The k+1th image is an interpolated image, The k+2th image is an interpolated image, The k+3th image is a basic image, and the image display period is 1 / 3 of the period of the input image data. It is characterized by the fact that

[0567] Specifically, when the conversion ratio is 3 (n / m=3), The i-th (i is a positive integer) image data, The (i+1)th image data is input as input image data in a regular cycle, The kth image (k is a positive integer), The k+1th image, The k+2th image, A display device that sequentially displays the (k+3)th image at intervals of 1 / 3 times the period of the input image data. A driving method for the kth image is displayed according to the ith image data; The k+1 image is a motion image from the i image data to the i+1 image data. It is displayed according to image data equivalent to a movement that is 1 / 3 times larger than the original. The k+2 image is obtained by multiplying the movement from the i image to the i+1 image by 2 / 3. The image data corresponding to the movement is displayed according to the The k+3 image is displayed according to the i+1 image data. It is characterized by:

[0568] In yet another concrete expression, when the conversion ratio is 3 (n / m=3), The i-th (i is a positive integer) image data, The (i+1)th image data is input as input image data in a regular cycle, The kth image (k is a positive integer), The k+1th image, The k+2th image, A display device that sequentially displays the (k+3)th image at intervals of 1 / 3 times the period of the input image data. A driving method for the kth image is displayed according to the ith image data; the k+1th image is displayed according to the ith image data; the k+2 image is displayed according to the i image data; The k+3 image is displayed according to the i+1 image data. It is characterized by:

[0569] Here, if the conversion ratio is 3, the video quality can be improved compared to when the conversion ratio is less than 3. Furthermore, when the conversion ratio is 3, the This has the advantage of being able to reduce power consumption and manufacturing costs compared to the conventional method.

[0570] Specifically, when the conversion ratio is 3, it is also called triple speed driving. For example, If the frame rate is 60Hz, the display frame rate is 180Hz (180Hz drive). For one input image, the image is displayed three times in succession. If the interpolated image is an intermediate image obtained by motion compensation, the motion of the video is smoothed. This allows for a significant improvement in video quality. If the display device is an active matrix liquid crystal display device, a dynamic capacitor This avoids the problem of insufficient writing voltage caused by the drawer, eliminating video trailing and afterimages. This brings about a particularly significant improvement in image quality. It is also effective to combine the driving frequency of the LCD device with that of the LCD device. z, and the frequency of the AC drive is an integer multiple or an integer fraction of that (for example, 45Hz, 9 0Hz, 180Hz, 360Hz, etc.), the fluctuations that occur when AC is driven are The blur can be reduced to a level that is not noticeable to the human eye.

[0571] n=3, m=2, that is, the conversion ratio (n / m) is 3 / 2 (n=3, m=2 in Figure 70) In this case, the operation in the first step is as follows. First, when k=1, step 1 Now, the display timing of the first interpolated image relative to the first basic image is determined. The image display timing is as follows: after the first basic image is displayed, the cycle of the input image data is k This is the point when (m / n) times, or 2 / 3 times, the period has passed.

[0572] Next, in step 2, the coefficient k(m / n) used to determine the display timing of the first interpolated image is , determine whether it is an integer. Here, the coefficient k(m / n) is 2 / 3, so it is an integer. No, so go to step 3.

[0573] In step 3, the image to be used as the first interpolated image is det...

Claims

[Claim 1] a pixel including a first transistor, a second transistor, a first liquid crystal element, a second liquid crystal element, a first storage capacitor, and a second storage capacitor; each of the first liquid crystal element and the second liquid crystal element is composed of at least a pixel electrode, a common electrode, and a liquid crystal controlled by the pixel electrode and the common electrode; a pixel electrode of the first liquid crystal element is electrically connected to a first wiring via the first transistor; a pixel electrode of the first liquid crystal element is electrically connected to a pixel electrode of the second liquid crystal element via the second transistor; a pixel electrode of the first liquid crystal element is electrically connected to a second wiring via the first storage capacitor; a pixel electrode of the second liquid crystal element is electrically connected to the second wiring via the second storage capacitor; Different gate signals are input to the first transistor and the second transistor, the first wiring has a function of supplying an image signal; The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the second wiring has a function of supplying a potential to the first storage capacitor and the second storage capacitor.

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