Greening structure, greening method

Abstract

To provide greening structure which has simple structure and allows for easy adjustment of water storage amount, and a greening method.SOLUTION: Greening structure 1 is greening structure to be installed on an upper surface RT of a sloped building, and comprises: one or more edge materials 21 to 26 for storing water and installed at a predetermined height in a substantially vertical direction from an installation surface RT1 of the upper surface of the building; a water storage section 30 surrounded by the water storage edge materials 21 to 26; a water permeable root prevention sheet 54 installed on the water storage section 30; a planting section 90 installed on the water permeable root prevention sheet 54; and a water guiding member 63 which is installed on the water storage edge material 22 between the water storage section 30 and the outside of the water storage section 30, and drains the water stored in the water storage section 30 from the water storage section 30 to the outside by capillary action.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a greening structure and a greening method. [Background technology]

[0002] Conventionally, rooftop greening has been practiced as a means of reducing the heat island effect, purifying the air, improving the scenery, providing fire and heat resistance to buildings, etc. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a rooftop greening structure that is installed on a rooftop with a drainage slope.

[0003] Patent Document 1 discloses a drainage means in which a through hole is provided in a waterproof sheet, a drainage pipe is installed in the hole, and the drainage means can open and close the hole with a solenoid valve or a cock. When heavy rain is expected, the solenoid valve is opened and the water stored in the water storage section is drained in advance by the drainage means. Furthermore, during heavy rain, the solenoid valve is closed and the rainwater is stored in the water storage section up to the allowable amount, which delays the drainage time of the rainwater and reduces the load on the urban sewer system during heavy rain. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] JP 2010-213599 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] However, when solenoid valves and cocks are installed, the structure becomes complicated and construction costs increase. Furthermore, when a drain pipe is installed in the water storage section, not only does the structure become complicated, but the risk of water leakage increases dramatically, and there is a concern that reliability will decrease. Furthermore, as described above, it is necessary to open solenoid valves and cocks before torrential rain and close solenoid valves and cocks after draining, which makes the work complicated. Although it is possible to automate this work, in that case, it is necessary to introduce an expensive control system. Furthermore, even if solenoid valves and cocks are operated, it is unclear how much water has been stored and how much has been drained, making it difficult to adjust the amount of stored water. Therefore, after closing the solenoid valves and cocks, depending on the amount of water supplied, the water may continue to be stored at the maximum water level, which may cause root rot.

[0006] An object of the present disclosure is to provide a greening structure and a greening method that are simple in structure and allow easy adjustment of the amount of water stored. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] The present disclosure solves the above problems by the following solving means. Note that, for ease of understanding, the following description will be given with reference symbols corresponding to the embodiments of the present disclosure, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0008] The first disclosure is, for example, as shown in Figures 1, 2, 4, etc., a greening structure (1, 1B, 1C) to be installed on a sloped upper surface (RT) of a building, and includes one or more water storage edge materials (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) provided at a predetermined height in a substantially vertical direction from a mounting surface (RT1) of the upper surface (RT) of the building, a water storage section (30) surrounded by the water storage edge materials (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26), and a water storage section (30) on the water storage section (30). a water-permeable root-proof sheet (54) provided on the water-permeable root-proof sheet (54), a planting section (90) provided on the water-permeable root-proof sheet (54), and a water-conducting member (63) provided on the water-storage edging material (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) spanning between the water storage section (30) and the outside of the water storage section (30) for draining water stored in the water storage section (30) from the water storage section (30) to the outside by capillary action.

[0009] The second disclosure is a greening structure (1, 1B, 1C) described in the first disclosure, characterized in that it is provided with an adjustment port (61) that can be opened above the water storage edge material (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) and enables adjustment and replacement of the water guide member (63), as shown in Figures 1, 4, etc.

[0010] The third disclosure is a greening structure (1, 1B, 1C) described in the second disclosure, characterized in that, for example, as shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, etc., the water storage section (30) is divided into a plurality of divided water storage areas (31, 32, 33) by the water storage edge materials (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26), and the adjustment port (61) is arranged corresponding to each of the plurality of divided water storage areas (31, 32, 33).

[0011] The fourth disclosure is a greening structure (1, 1B, 1C) described in the third disclosure, characterized in that, for example, as shown in Figure 1, the adjustment outlet (61) is provided at a position that is the most downstream of the slope of the installation surface (RT1) in at least the divided water storage area (31, 32, 33).

[0012] The fifth disclosure is a greening construction for greening the top surface (RT) of a sloping building, in which one or more water storage edge materials (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) are provided at a predetermined height in a substantially vertical direction from a mounting surface (RT1) of the top surface (RT) of the building, a water storage section (30) is formed by surrounding the water storage edge materials (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26), and a water permeability prevention device is provided on the water storage section (30). This is a greening method in which a root sheet (54) is provided, a planting section (90) is provided on the water-permeable root-proof sheet (54), and a water-guiding member (63) is provided on the water-storage edging material (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) extending between the water storage section (30) and the outside of the water storage section (30), so that water stored in the water storage section (30) can be drained from the water storage section (30) to the outside by capillary action. Effect of the Invention

[0013] According to the present disclosure, it is possible to provide a greening structure and a greening method that are simple in structure and allow easy adjustment of the amount of water stored. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0014] [Figure 1] 1 is a plan view (top view) showing a first embodiment of a greening structure 1 according to the present disclosure. [Diagram 2] 2 is a cross-sectional view of the greening structure 1 taken along the line indicated by the arrow AA in FIG. 1. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a state in which water is stored in the water storage section 30, with planting soil 91 and the like omitted from the cross section of FIG. 2. [Figure 4] 2 is a cross-sectional view of the drainage portion 60 taken along the line indicated by the arrow BB in FIG. [Diagram 5] 10 is a diagram illustrating adjustment of the amount of stored water by a drainage unit 60. FIG. [Figure 6] 10 is a diagram illustrating adjustment of the amount of stored water by a drainage unit 60. FIG. [Figure 7] 13 is a diagram showing the change in drainage speed caused by changing the dimension of the water guide member 63 in the thickness direction. FIG. [Figure 8]13 is a diagram showing the change in drainage speed caused by changing the width dimension of the water guide member 63. FIG. [Figure 9] FIG. 1 is a plan view (top view) showing a greening structure 1B of a second embodiment in the same manner as FIG. 1 of the first embodiment. [Figure 10] FIG. 11 is a plan view (top view) showing a greening structure 1C of the third embodiment in the same manner as FIG. 1 of the first embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0015] Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings.

[0016] (First embodiment) Fig. 1 is a plan view (top view) showing a first embodiment of a greening structure 1 according to the present disclosure. Fig. 1 shows the state before planting soil 91 (see Fig. 2) is poured in, and omits a support member 52, a water supply member 53, and a water-permeable root-proof sheet 54, which will be described later. Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the greening structure 1 cut at the position of the arrow AA in Fig. 1.

[0017] Note that the figures shown below, including Figures 1 and 2, are schematic diagrams, and the size and shape of each part are exaggerated or omitted as appropriate for ease of understanding. In the following explanation, specific numerical values, shapes, materials, etc. are shown, but these can be changed as appropriate.

[0018] The greening structure 1 of the first embodiment is a structure that is installed on the upper surface RT of a building with a slope, and allows planting. Examples of the upper surface RT of a building with a slope include the rooftop of a building and the top of a roof. The greening structure 1 includes an outer frame 10, water storage edging members 21-26, a water storage section 30, a water supply section 40, a waterproof layer 51, a support member 52, a water supply member 53, a water-permeable root-proof sheet 54, a drainage plate 55, and a drainage section 60, and is installed on the installation surface RT1 of the upper surface RT of the building. Here, the upper surface RT of the building and the installation surface RT1 have a drainage slope or a roof slope, and have a predetermined angle with respect to the horizontal plane. Examples of the slope include, but are not limited to, 1 / 50, 1 / 100, 1 / 150, etc. In Fig. 1 and Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 described later, the height decreases in the direction in which the gradient is inclined, as indicated by the white arrow. Also, in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 described later, an auxiliary line HP corresponding to the horizontal plane is shown for comparison with the installation surface RT1.

[0019] The outer frame 10 is provided so as to protrude vertically from the installation surface RT1 of the upper surface RT of the building, and is disposed around the entire periphery of the greening structure 1. In this embodiment, the outer frame 10 is formed in a substantially square shape when viewed from above, with one side being approximately 6 m. The shape of the outer frame 10 when viewed from above, i.e., the outer shape of the greening structure 1 when viewed from above, is not limited to a square, and may be formed in other shapes such as a rectangle or a triangle. The outer frame 10 is formed so as to be higher from the installation surface RT than the water storage rim members 21 to 26 described later. The height of the upper surface of the outer frame 10 from the installation surface RT can be exemplified as, for example, 15 cm or more and 35 cm or less, but may be higher or lower than this range. In this embodiment, the height of the outer frame 10 from the installation surface RT is set to 20 cm. The outer frame 10 may be made of wood, concrete, bricks, or the like. Further, a drain outlet 11 is provided in the outer frame 10 on the side of the installation surface RT1 where the gradient is low, so that water drained from the water storage section 30 can be drained to the outside of the greening structure 1.

[0020] The water storage rim members 21-26 are provided at a predetermined height in a direction substantially perpendicular to the installation surface RT1. Here, substantially perpendicular to the installation surface RT1 indicates that the direction is perpendicular to the installation surface RT1 that is inclined due to a gradient. For example, square timbers having a substantially square cross section in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which they extend (longitudinal direction) can be suitably used as the water storage rim members 21-26. In this embodiment, the water storage rim members 21-26 are all square timbers having a substantially square cross section of 7 cm x 7 cm in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which they extend. Therefore, the water storage rim members 21-26 are provided at a height of 7 cm from the installation surface RT1.

[0021] By using square timbers whose cross-sectional shape in a direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the water storage rim materials 21-26 is approximately square, the height of the water storage rim materials 21-26 can be easily made to a predetermined height when fabricating the greening structure 1 of this embodiment. In addition, because the cross-sectional shape is approximately square, the water storage rim materials 21-26 can be formed to the same height regardless of the direction in which the square timber is placed, preventing construction errors and simplifying the fabrication work of the greening structure 1.

[0022] By placing the square timber on the installation surface RT1, the water storage rim members 21-26 are provided at a predetermined height in a substantially vertical direction from the installation surface RT1. Therefore, the upper surfaces of the water storage rim members 21-26 are inclined in a direction along the gradient of the installation surface RT1. Note that the cross-sectional shape being substantially square does not only mean a perfect square, but also means a shape in which the corners of the cross-sectional shape are rounded or chamfered, or the cross-sectional shape is slightly rectangular or slightly diamond-shaped due to manufacturing errors, etc. In addition, the water storage rim members 21-26 may be formed with a hollow part or all of their interior. In addition, the cross-sectional shape in a direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the water storage rim members 21-26 is not limited to a square, and may be another shape such as a rectangle.

[0023] The water storage edge members 21-26 can be formed, for example, using wooden square timber, but may also be made of metal or concrete. In addition, the method is not limited to placing square timber on the installation surface RT1, and the shape of the water storage edge members 21-26 may be created on site, for example, using concrete on the installation surface RT1.

[0024] The water storage edge material 21 is provided so as to extend in the direction in which the gradient of the installation surface RT1 is inclined. The water storage edge material 22 is provided so as to extend in the direction in which the gradient of the installation surface RT1 is inclined, similar to the water storage edge material 21, and is disposed opposite the water storage edge material 21.

[0025] The water storage edge material 23 extends in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the water storage edge material 21 and the water storage edge material 22 extend, i.e., in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the gradient of the installation surface RT1 is inclined. The water storage edge material 23 is provided on the side of the installation surface RT1 with a higher gradient, and both ends are connected to the water storage edge material 21 and the water storage edge material 22.

[0026] The water storage edge material 24, like the water storage edge material 23, extends in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the water storage edge material 21 and the water storage edge material 22 extend, i.e., in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the gradient of the installation surface RT1 is inclined. The water storage edge material 24 is provided opposite the water storage edge material 23 on the side of the installation surface RT1 with the lower gradient, and both ends are connected to the water storage edge material 21 and the water storage edge material 22.

[0027] The approximately square area surrounded by water storage edge material 21, water storage edge material 22, water storage edge material 23, and water storage edge material 24 is formed as water storage section 30, which will be described later.

[0028] Water storage edge material 25 and water storage edge material 26 are arranged approximately parallel to water storage edge material 23 and water storage edge material 24, and both ends of each are connected to water storage edge material 21 and water storage edge material 22. Water storage edge material 25 is provided on the side of installation surface RT1 with a higher gradient than water storage edge material 26, and water storage section 30 is divided into three divided water storage areas 31, 32, and 33 by water storage edge material 25 and water storage edge material 26.

[0029] The water storage section 30 stores tap water irrigated by the water supply section 40, rainwater from rainfall, etc. The water stored in the water storage section 30 is used for growing plants planted in the planting section 90, which will be described later. In addition, as will be described later, by managing drainage using the water guide member 63, the water storage section 30 can temporarily store rainwater during heavy rain, thereby delaying the drainage time of the rainwater, and reducing the load on the urban sewer system during torrential rain, etc.

[0030] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a state in which water is stored in the water storage section 30, with the planting soil 91 and the like omitted from the cross section of FIG. 2. As described above, the water storage section 30 is divided into three divided water storage areas 31, 32, and 33 by the water storage edge materials 25 and 26. When watering the water storage section 30, tap water or the like is irrigated from the water supply section 40 to the divided water storage area 31. When the divided water storage area 31 is full, the water flows over the water storage edge material 25 and into the divided water storage area 32. Furthermore, when the divided water storage area 32 is full, the water flows over the water storage edge material 26 and into the divided water storage area 33. Furthermore, when the divided water storage area 33 is full, the water flows over the water storage edge material 24 and is drained out of the water storage section 30. By dividing the water storage section 30 into a plurality of divided water storage areas 31, 32, and 33, it is possible to increase the water storage capacity of the water storage section 30 without increasing the height of the water storage rim members 21-26.

[0031] Returning to Figs. 1 and 2, the water supply section 40 is disposed at the portion of the water storage section 30 where the gradient is the highest. In this embodiment, the water supply section 40 is disposed near the corner where the water storage edging material 21 and the water storage edging material 23 are connected. The water supply section 40 has a water supply pipe 41 and a water supply hole 42, and uses tap water or the like to irrigate the water storage section 30. The water supply pipe 41 is connected to a water supply system or the like, and is provided with a stopcock (cock) (not shown). The water supply hole 42 opens above the planting soil 91 and communicates with the water storage section 30, and allows water from the water supply pipe 41 to be supplied to the water storage section 30 without passing through the planting soil 91.

[0032] The waterproof layer 51 is provided to cover the surface of the water storage section 30. Specifically, it seamlessly covers not only the installation surface RT1 of the water storage section 30 but also the exposed surfaces of the water storage rim members 21 to 26. The waterproof layer 51 can be made of, for example, a waterproof resin sheet or the like, but may also be formed by a coating film made of waterproof paint or the like.

[0033] The support member 52 is disposed on the waterproof layer 51 in each of the divided water storage areas 31, 32, and 33 of the water storage section 30. The support member 52 is a member that physically supports the planting soil 91 via the water-permeable root-proof sheet 54 and has continuous voids capable of storing water. The support member 52 can be configured, for example, using a three-dimensional mesh material with a relatively coarse mesh. In addition, the support member 52 can be made of resin, wire mesh, or a composite material in which wire mesh is coated with resin. The shape of the support member 52 is preferably such that voids are provided continuously, and can be, for example, a three-dimensional mesh shape with a coarse mesh. The wire material of the mesh should preferably have a thickness of approximately 2 mm or more and 5 mm or less, and the mesh spacing should preferably be approximately 10 mm or more and 15 mm or less.

[0034] In addition, as the support member 52, commercially available products such as drainage materials and drainage mats can be appropriately used. For example, GrasCell DC50 manufactured by UNISEAL can be suitably used. In addition, as the support member 52, a three-dimensional mesh spiral structure "Moyai Drain" manufactured by Yoshihara Kako Co., Ltd., a three-dimensional mesh structure "Hechimaron" manufactured by Shinko Nylon Co., Ltd., a rib-type structure "Endren Mat" manufactured by Maeda Kosen Co., Ltd., a concave-convex structure "Dia Drain" manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Infratec Co., Ltd., and the like can also be suitably used.

[0035] The water supply member 53 forms a water supply channel connecting the water storage section 30 and the planting soil 91 to promote water supply to the planting soil 91. The material of the water supply member 53 is not limited as long as it has the function of pumping water by capillary action, but it is desirable that the water supply member 53 is an inorganic material that can withstand a humid environment and does not deteriorate with time. For example, nonwoven fabric, woven fabric, specially treated paper, etc. of synthetic fibers (nylon, vinylon, polyester, acrylic, porphyrin, polyurethane, etc.) can be used. In this embodiment, a sheet that is commercially available as a sheet using the so-called capillary action is used as the water supply member 53. Note that FIG. 2 illustrates an example in which the water supply member 53 is provided below the water-permeable root-proof sheet 54. This is not limited to this, and for example, a slit or the like may be provided in the water-permeable root-proof sheet 54 so that a part of the water supply member 53 is provided above the water-permeable root-proof sheet 54.

[0036] The water-permeable root-proof sheet 54 is laid over the support members 52 and the water-storage edging materials 21-26 over substantially the entire area inside the outer frame 10. The water-permeable root-proof sheet 54 can be made of a material that is permeable, has the strength to prevent the runoff of the planting soil 91 and the intrusion of roots, and is less susceptible to deterioration over time. For example, the water-permeable root-proof sheet 54 can be made of a water-permeable synthetic resin sheet (polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride sheet, etc.) or a nonwoven fabric (aramid, glass, nylon, vinylon, polyester, polyolefin, etc.).

[0037] The area on the permeable root-proof sheet 54 surrounded by the outer frame 10 is filled with planting soil 91 to form a planting section 90 for planting. For example, artificial lightweight soil can be suitably used as the planting soil 91. Artificial lightweight soil mainly composed of perlite has an excellent balance between water retention and water permeability, and is suitable for retaining moisture supplied from the water storage section 30 by the water supply member 53. Note that the planting soil 91 is not limited to artificial lightweight soil, and various soils can be used. Also, mulching (not shown) may be provided on the planting soil 91. For example, known mulching materials such as volcanic gravel and bark chips can be used as the mulching. Although mulching is not essential, providing mulching can be expected to maintain the aesthetic appearance, suppress the overgrowth of weeds, and retain soil moisture. Plants 92 are planted in the planting section 90 provided with the planting soil 91 and mulching as necessary.

[0038] The drainage plate 55 is disposed along the inner surface of the outer frame 10 on the side with the lower gradient of the installation surface RT1. The drainage plate 55 is provided to enable water to drain while preventing runoff of the planting soil 91. Therefore, for example, the drainage plate 55 can be constructed using a material similar to that of the support member 52, with a space formed therein for drainage.

[0039] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the drainage section 60 cut at the position of the arrow BB in FIG. 1. The drainage section 60 has an adjustment port 61, a lid 62, a water guide member 63, and a holding member 64. The drainage section 60 is provided to drain the water stored in the water storage section 30 until the set water volume is reached. It is preferable that the drainage section 60 is disposed in correspondence with each of the divided water storage areas 31, 32, and 33. This makes it possible to adjust the water storage volume of all the divided water storage areas 31, 32, and 33. It is also preferable that the drainage section 60 is disposed at a position that is the most downstream of the gradient of the installation surface RT1 in at least the divided water storage areas 31, 32, and 33. This is because if the drainage section 60 is disposed at a position that is the most downstream of the gradient in the divided water storage areas 31, 32, and 33, it is possible to drain almost all of the stored water. In this embodiment, the drainage section 60 is positioned so that it overlaps with the water storage edge material 22 when viewed from above in each of the divided water storage areas 31, 32, and 33, and is positioned at the most downstream position of the slope of the installation surface RT1 in the divided water storage areas 31, 32, and 33, but this position can be changed as appropriate.

[0040] The adjustment port 61 is provided opening above the water storage rim material 22, and allows adjustment and replacement of the water guide member 63. The adjustment port 61 can be formed, for example, from a so-called PVC pipe (rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe), but may be formed from other pipe materials. It is desirable that the adjustment port 61 opens large enough to allow at least a human fist to pass through, and it is even more desirable that the adjustment port 61 opens large enough to allow the vicinity of the water storage rim material 22 to be observed even when a human fist is inserted.

[0041] An outer space 56 is provided on the outside of the water storage rim material 22 at a position overlapping at least with the opening of the adjustment port 61 when viewed from above, to allow adjustment and replacement of the water guide member 63. This outer space 56 also functions as a waterway that conveys water drained by the water guide member 63 to the drain port 11 provided in the outer frame 10. In the outer space 56 in the area not overlapping with the adjustment port 61 when viewed from above, a support member 52 and a water-permeable root-proof sheet 54 are arranged, as in the upper part of the other areas of the water storage section 30, and planting soil 91 is arranged.

[0042] Moreover, an inner space 57 is provided inside the water storage rim 22 at a position overlapping at least with the opening of the adjustment port 61 when viewed from above, to allow adjustment and replacement of the water guide member 63. This inner space 57 is partially free of the support member 52, and only space or water exists (water is stored). By providing the outer space 56 and the inner space 57, it is possible to easily adjust and replace the water guide member 63.

[0043] The lid 62 is an openable and closable lid that covers the opening at the upper end of the adjustment port 61. When the water guide member 63 is not being adjusted or replaced, the opening at the upper end of the adjustment port 61 is closed by this lid 62 to prevent the intrusion of fallen leaves, garbage, pests, and the like.

[0044] The water guide member 63 is provided on the water storage rim material 22 between the water storage section 30 and the outer space section 56 outside the water storage section 30, and drains the water stored in the water storage section 30 from the water storage section 30 to the outside (outer space section 56) by capillary action. The water guide member 63 can be made of the same material as the water supply member 53. That is, the material of the water guide member 63 is not limited as long as it has the function of pumping water by capillary action, but it is preferable that the material is an inorganic material that can withstand a humid environment and is less likely to deteriorate over time. For example, nonwoven fabric, woven fabric, string, specially treated paper, etc. of synthetic fibers (nylon, vinylon, polyester, acrylic, porphyrin, polyurethane, etc.) can be used. In addition, a commercially available drainage material that utilizes capillary action can also be used. In this embodiment, a commercially available sheet called a capillary sheet is used as the water guide member 63.

[0045] The water guide member 63 is in the form of a rectangular sheet material and is arranged along the surface of the water storage edge material 22 and the surface of the waterproof layer 51. The water guide member 63 has a water intake end 63a at one end arranged in the water storage section 30, and a water drainage end 63b at the other end arranged on the installation surface RT1 in the outer space section 56. When the water intake end 63a of the water guide member 63 is in contact with the water in the water storage section 30, the water in the water storage section 30 advances through the water guide member 63 by capillary action and is drained from the water drainage end 63b. When the water level in the water storage section 30 drops as the drainage progresses and the water intake end 63a of the water guide member 63 no longer contacts the water in the water storage section 30, the drainage automatically ends. When the water level in the water storage section 30 rises due to rainfall or watering by the water supply section 40, and the water intake end 63a of the water guide member 63 contacts the water in the water storage section 30, the drainage automatically starts. Therefore, by adjusting the position of the water intake end 63a of the water guide member 63, the position of the water surface in the water storage section 30, that is, the amount of stored water, can be automatically adjusted without using a sensor, motor, or the like.

[0046] The retaining member 64 is a member that retains the water guide member 63 on the water storage rim material 22 in a desired shape. The retaining member 64 can be, for example, in the form of a clip made of a linear or plate-shaped elastic member, but a commercially available clip may be used more simply. Since the retaining member 64 often comes into contact with water, it is desirable to make it of a material that does not rust easily. When made of metal, aluminum, stainless steel, etc. can be used, or resin can be used. When using a metal that rusts easily, it is advisable to enhance rust prevention by providing a coating film on the surface. When a plate-shaped member is used as the retaining member 64, by closely contacting the retaining member 64 and the water guide member 63, capillary action can be expressed even in the gap between the two, and the drainage speed can be increased.

[0047] In this embodiment, an example is shown in which the water-guiding member 63 is held using the holding member 64, but the water-guiding member 63 may also be held using other holding methods, such as by providing a rod-shaped member protruding above the water storage rim material 22 and fitting a hole provided in the water-guiding member 63 into this rod-shaped member.

[0048] 5 and 6 are diagrams for explaining the adjustment of the amount of stored water by the drainage section 60. In Figs. 5 and 6, for ease of understanding, the support member 52, the water-permeable root-proof sheet 54, the adjustment port 61, the lid 62, the holding member 64, etc. are omitted from the illustration. With the above-mentioned configuration of the drainage section 60, the greening structure 1 of this embodiment can easily adjust the amount of stored water. The water guide member 63 continues to drain water while the water intake end 63a is in contact with the water surface, and stops draining when the water intake end 63a leaves the water surface. Therefore, by adjusting the position of the water intake end 63a, the amount of water stored in the water storage section 30 can be adjusted as desired.

[0049] For example, as shown in Fig. 5, by arranging the position of the water intake end 63a of the water guide member 63 near the bottom surface of the water storage section 30, the water level of the water W stored in the water storage section 30 can be significantly lowered, and the amount of water stored in the water storage section 30 can be significantly reduced. In particular, by holding the water guide member 63 with the water intake end 63a in contact with the bottom surface of the water storage section 30, it is possible to drain almost all of the water W stored in the water storage section 30.

[0050] 6, if the position of the water intake end 63a of the water guide member 63 is set to a position about half the height of the water storage rim material 22, the amount of water W stored in the water storage section 30 can be reduced to about half of the amount when the water storage section 30 is full. The position of the water intake end 63a of the water guide member 63 can be easily and accurately adjusted, for example, by performing forming in advance to create a crease in the water guide member 63. Furthermore, although not shown, if all the water guide members 63 are removed, all the divided water storage areas 31, 32, 33 can store the maximum amount of water that they can store.

[0051] In addition, the drainage speed of the water guide member 63 can be adjusted by replacing the water guide member 63. Even if the material of the water guide member 63 is the same, the larger the cross-sectional area in the direction perpendicular to the water guide direction, the faster the drainage speed can be. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the change in drainage speed by changing the dimension in the thickness direction of the water guide member 63. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the change in drainage speed by changing the dimension in the width direction of the water guide member 63. In FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, the degree of drainage speed is indicated by arrows, assuming that the material of the water guide member 63 is the same. For example, in FIG. 7, the drainage speed of the two overlapping water guide members 63B is faster than that of the single water guide member 63A. Also, the drainage speed of the single water guide member 63C, which is thicker than the thickness of the two overlapping water guide members 63B, is even faster. Also, for example, in FIG. 8, the width in the direction perpendicular to the water guide direction (drainage direction) is wider in the order of the water guide member 63D, the water guide member 63E, and the water guide member 63F, and the drainage speed is faster in this order. In this way, by changing the width, thickness, number, etc. of the water guide members 63, the drainage speed can be easily adjusted.

[0052] (Greening method) Next, a greening method for producing the above-mentioned greening structure 1 will be described. First, the water storage rim members 21-26 are installed at a predetermined height in a substantially vertical direction from the installation surface RT1 on the upper surface RT of the building, using, for example, square timbers, to form the water storage section 30. The outer frame 10 is then installed surrounding the water storage rim members 21-26. Note that the water storage rim members 21-26 may be installed after the outer frame 10 is installed first. The water supply hole 42 of the water supply section 40 and the adjustment port 61 of the drainage section 60 are then installed. At this point, the water guide member 63 does not need to be installed.

[0053] Next, a waterproof layer 51 is formed on the water storage section 30 using a waterproof sheet, waterproof paint, or the like. Next, support members 52 and water supply members 53 are installed inside the water storage section 30 with the waterproof layer 51 provided. A water-permeable root-proof sheet 54 is provided on the water storage section 30 on which the support members 52 and water supply members 53 are installed. As a result, a planting section 90 is formed on the water-permeable root-proof sheet 54, and planting soil 91 is poured into this planting section 90, and plants 92 are planted. Thereafter, a water-guiding member 63 is provided on the water storage edging material 22 between the water storage section 30 and the outside of the water storage section 30, and the water stored in the water storage section 30 can be drained from the water storage section 30 to the outside by capillary action, thereby completing the greening structure 1.

[0054] Since the water storage amount and drainage speed of the water storage section 30 can be changed as desired by adjusting and replacing the water guide member 63 described above, the greening structure 1 can obtain, for example, the following effects.

[0055] (Rainwater runoff delay effect) Before the rainy season or when heavy rain is predicted, the water guide member 63 is adjusted or replaced in advance so that almost all of the water in the water storage section 30 can be drained by the water guide member 63. This allows the water storage section 30 to be almost empty before the amount of rainfall becomes heavy. Then, when the amount of rainfall becomes heavy, it is possible to store most of the rain that falls on the building in the water storage section 30. When water storage in the water storage section 30 begins, drainage by the water guide member 63 also begins almost at the same time, but since the drainage by the water guide member 63 is performed by capillary action, the drainage speed is sufficiently slower than the storage speed of water stored by heavy rain. Therefore, it is possible for most of the rain that falls on the building to be stored in the water storage section 30. Therefore, it is possible to delay the drainage of rainwater due to rainfall (rainwater runoff delay effect), and the load on the urban sewer system during torrential rain, etc. can be reduced. Furthermore, for example, by arranging a large number of greening structures 1 of this embodiment on the buildings of a group of factories constructed over a vast area, or by adopting greening structures 1 of this embodiment on many buildings in a region, it is expected that the overall rainwater runoff delay effect will be effective and contribute to disaster mitigation.

[0056] (Prevents root rot) When the water storage section 30 is full, there is little or no space (air layer) between the water-permeable root-proof sheet 54 and the water surface. In such a state, the water-permeable root-proof sheet 54 is always submerged in water, and the risk of root rot occurring increases. Therefore, the water surface position of the water storage section 30 is appropriately lowered by the water-conducting member 63 to provide a space (air layer) between the water-permeable root-proof sheet 54 and the water surface, thereby preventing root rot. When the water-conducting member 63 is provided in expectation of a root rot prevention effect, it is not necessary to provide the water-conducting member 63 in all of the divided water storage areas 31, 32, and 33, and it is sufficient to provide the water-conducting member 63 only in the necessary places. For example, the water-conducting member 63 may not be provided in the divided water storage area corresponding to the area where plants resistant to root rot are planted.

[0057] As described above, according to the first embodiment, the water guide member 63 is provided to drain the water stored in the water storage section 30 from the water storage section 30 to the outside by capillary action, so that it is possible to provide a greening structure and a greening method that are simple in structure and can easily adjust the amount of stored water. In addition, since there is no need to open a through hole or the like in the water storage section 30 or the waterproof layer 51, construction is easy and the reliability of the water storage section 30 can be improved. In addition, by providing the adjustment port 61, the amount of stored water can be easily adjusted at any time as necessary. In addition, since the adjustment port 61 is arranged corresponding to each of the multiple divided water storage areas 31, 32, and 33, it is also possible to adjust the amount of stored water to different amounts in each of the divided water storage areas 31, 32, and 33. As a result, even if the plants planted in the planting section 90 are different in each of the divided water storage areas 31, 32, and 33, it is possible to adjust the amount of stored water to an appropriate amount according to the root rot resistance of each plant. In addition, drainage by the water guide member 63 does not require any operation, so that the burden on the manager can be reduced.

[0058] Second embodiment Fig. 9 is a plan view (top view) showing a greening structure 1B of the second embodiment in the same manner as Fig. 1 of the first embodiment. The greening structure 1B of the second embodiment is similar to the greening structure 1 of the first embodiment, except that the inclination direction of the installation surface RT1 is different. Therefore, parts that perform the same functions as in the first embodiment described above are given the same reference numerals, and duplicated explanations will be omitted as appropriate.

[0059] In the greening structure 1B of the second embodiment, the positional relationship between the greening structure 1 of the first embodiment and the inclination direction of the installation surface RT1 is rotated by approximately 45° when viewed from above as shown in Fig. 9. That is, in the first embodiment, the installation surface RT1 is not inclined in the extension direction of the water storage edge members 23, 24, 25, 26, but in the second embodiment, the installation surface RT1 is also inclined in the extension direction of the water storage edge members 23, 24, 25, 26. In Fig. 9, the water level position WL when each of the divided water storage areas 31, 32, 33 is full is shown by a dashed line.

[0060] Even in the case of the second embodiment, as shown in Fig. 9, it is preferable that the drainage section 60 is disposed corresponding to each of the divided water storage areas 31, 32, and 33. It is also preferable that the drainage section 60 is provided at least in the divided water storage areas 31, 32, and 33 at a position that is the most downstream of the gradient of the installation surface RT1.

[0061] In such a case, it is possible to make the orientation of the water storage edge materials 21-26 of the greening structure 1B match the inclination direction of the installation surface RT1. However, if the shape of the outer frame 10 is inclined, it may be undesirable in terms of scenery in relation to the surroundings of the greening structure 1B. It is also possible to make the orientation of the water storage edge materials 25, 26, which do not affect the outer frame 10, match the inclination direction of the installation surface RT1. However, in a form in which the orientation of the water storage edge materials 25, 26 is in the direction of the inclination direction of the installation surface RT1, the connection parts between the outer peripheral water storage edge materials 21-24 and the inner water storage edge materials 25, 26 are connected at an angle, making the structure complicated and the connection reliability poor. Since water is stored in the water storage section 30, a very large force is applied to the water storage edge materials 21-26, so a form in which the structure is complicated and the connection reliability is poor is not desirable. The greening structure 1B of this embodiment is excellent in that the water storage rim members 21 to 26 are connected perpendicularly to each other, and therefore the structure is simple and the connections are highly reliable.

[0062] According to the second embodiment, the structure of the greening structure 1B can be simplified and highly reliable even on the upper surface of a building that is inclined in an oblique direction, and the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained.

[0063] Third embodiment Fig. 10 is a plan view (top view) showing a greening structure 1C of the third embodiment in the same manner as Fig. 1 of the first embodiment. The greening structure 1C of the third embodiment is similar to the greening structure 1 of the first embodiment, except that the inclination direction of the installation surface RT1 is different and the parts related to the drainage section 60 are different. Therefore, parts that perform the same functions as those of the first embodiment described above are given the same reference numerals, and duplicated explanations will be omitted as appropriate.

[0064] In the greening structure 1C of the third embodiment, the installation surface RT1 has a shape like a fan (approximately a conical surface shape) with a gradient that slopes downwards in a generally radial manner from near the apex TP. To facilitate understanding of the gradient shape, auxiliary lines CL equivalent to contour lines are shown in FIG. 10. In the greening structure 1C, the water supply unit 40 is positioned so that it can supply water to the apex TP, which is the highest point of the gradient. In the case of a gradient configuration such as this embodiment, it is desirable to provide the water supply unit 40 near the apex TP, which is the highest point of the gradient, in order to supply water evenly throughout the water storage unit 30.

[0065] Further, two drainage sections 60 are provided for each of the divided water storage areas 31, 32, and 33. Specifically, the drainage sections 60 are disposed at two positions in each of the divided water storage areas 31, 32, and 33, one of which overlaps with the water storage rim material 21 when viewed from above, and the other of which overlaps with the water storage rim material 22, and which are the most downstream positions of the gradient of the installation surface RT1 in the divided water storage areas 31, 32, and 33.

[0066] In this embodiment, the divided water storage areas (31, 32, 33) have a gradient shape with a higher height near the approximate center than the positions near the water storage edge material 21 and the positions near the water storage edge material 22, so that each divided water storage area (31, 32, 33) has two lowest height positions separated by approximately the center. Therefore, by disposing drainage sections 60 at the two lowest height positions in each of the divided water storage areas 31, 32, 33, it is possible to drain water that accumulates at any position. In response to this, an outer space section 56 and an inner space section 57 are also provided at positions along the water storage edge material 21.

[0067] As described above, according to the third embodiment, even if the gradient shape is curved and there are multiple areas where the height is reduced, the amount of water stored in the water storage section 30 can be adjusted with a simple configuration.

[0068] (Variations) The present disclosure is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications and variations are possible, and these are also within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0069] (Modification 1) In each embodiment, specific examples of the arrangement of the drainage sections 60 have been shown, but the present invention is not limited to these. For example, the number of drainage sections 60 may be increased, or the positions may be changed.

[0070] The embodiments and modifications may be used in appropriate combination, but detailed description thereof will be omitted. The present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described above. [Explanation of symbols]

[0071] 1, 1B, 1C Green structure 10 Outer Frame 11 Drain 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 Water storage edging 30 Water storage section 31, 32, 33 Divided water storage area 40 Water supply section 41 Water supply pipe 42 Water supply hole 51 Waterproof layer 52 Support member 53 Water supply components 54 Permeable root barrier sheet 55 Drain board 56 Outer space 57 Inner space 60 Drainage section 61 Adjustment port 62 Lid 63, 63A, 63B, 63C, 63D, 63E, 63F Water conducting members 63a Water absorption end 63b Drain end 64 Retaining member 90 Planting Department 91 Planting soil 92 Plants

Claims

1. A greening structure installed on the upper surface of a sloping building, One or more water storage rim members provided at a predetermined height in a substantially vertical direction from the installation surface of the upper surface of the building; A water storage section surrounded by the water storage rim material; A water-permeable root barrier sheet provided on the water storage section; A planting section provided on the water-permeable root barrier sheet; A water guide member is provided on the water storage rim material between the water storage section and the outside of the water storage section, and drains the water stored in the water storage section from the water storage section to the outside by capillary action; A greening structure comprising:

2. The greening structure according to claim 1, The water supply member is provided with an adjustment port that can be opened above the water storage edge material and that allows the water guide member to be adjusted and replaced; A green structure characterized by:

3. The greening structure according to claim 2, The water storage section is divided into a plurality of divided water storage areas by the water storage rim material, The adjustment port is disposed corresponding to each of the plurality of divided water storage areas; A green structure characterized by:

4. The greening structure according to claim 3, The adjustment port is provided at least at a position that is the most downstream of the slope of the installation surface in the divided water storage area; A green structure characterized by:

5. A greening construction method for greening the upper surface of a sloping building, One or more water storage rims are provided at a predetermined height in a substantially vertical direction from the installation surface of the upper surface of the building, The water storage section is surrounded by the water storage rim material, A water-permeable root-proof sheet is provided on the water storage section, A planting section is provided on the water-permeable root barrier sheet, A greening method in which a water-guiding member is provided on the water-storage edge material between the water storage section and the outside of the water storage section, enabling water stored in the water storage section to be drained from the water storage section to the outside by capillary action.

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