System and method for safety syringe

Abstract

To provide a system for serially injecting liquids.SOLUTION: A system 100 includes a syringe body 34, proximal and distal stopper members 32, 36 disposed in the syringe body 34, first liquid in a distal chamber, second liquid in a proximal chamber, a plunger member, and a needle hub assembly coupled to a distal needle interface of the syringe body. The plunger member includes a needle retention feature, an energy-storage member and an energy-storage member latching member which are disposed in a plunger interior. The needle assembly includes a needle having a needle proximal end feature, a hub, and a needle latching member configured to couple the needle to the hub. Manipulating the plunger member to insert the proximal stopper member 32 distally relative to the syringe body 34 initially expels the first liquid and then the second liquid. The needle is at least partially retractable into the plunger interior.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 7-7

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to injection systems, devices and processes for facilitating varying levels of control over fluid injection, and more particularly to systems and methods relating to multi-chamber safety syringes in medical environments. [Background technology]

[0002] Millions of syringes, such as that shown in FIG. 1A (2), are consumed daily in medical settings. A typical syringe (2) includes a tubular body (4), a plunger (6), and an injection needle (8). As shown in FIG. 1B, such syringes (2) can be utilized not only to inject fluids into a patient, but also to withdraw fluids from or expel fluids into a container, such as a vial, bag, or other drug containment system (10). In fact, in some countries, such as the United States, concerns regarding maintaining sterility and regulatory constraints dictate that if a syringe (2) is used with a vial (10) as shown in a particular patient environment, such vial must only be used with a single patient and then disposed of, resulting in a lot of medical waste from the waste of the vial and remaining medication, and also contributing to periodic shortages of certain important medications. Referring to FIG. 2A, three luer type syringes (12) are shown, each having a distally disposed luer fitting configuration (14) for mating with other devices having a similar fitting configuration, such as the luer manifold assembly (16) shown in FIG. 2B. The luer manifold assembly of FIG. 2B can be used to administer liquid medications intravenously to a patient with or without the use of an intravenous infusion bag. The luer fitting (14) of the syringe in FIG. 2A is sometimes referred to as a "male" luer fitting, and the luer fitting (18) of FIG. 2B is sometimes referred to as a "female" luer fitting, with one of the luer interfaces being threaded (in which case the configuration may be referred to as a "luer lock" configuration) to couple the two through relative rotation, which may also be combined with a compressive load. In other words, in one embodiment of a luer lock, rotation, possibly along with compression, is utilized to engage threads on the male fitting (14), which are configured to engage a flange on the female fitting (18) to bring the device into a fluid-tight bond. In another embodiment, a tapered interface shape may be utilized to provide luer engagement using compression, without threads or rotation (such a configuration may be referred to as a "slip-on" or "conical" luer configuration).Although such luer connections are perceived as relatively safe for the operator, there is a risk of spilling or leaking the drug or of parts breaking during assembly of the luer connection. On the other hand, the use of needle injection configurations poses a risk of the sharp needle contacting or pricking a person or unwanted structures. For these reasons, so-called "safety syringes" have been developed.

[0003] One embodiment of a safety syringe (20) is shown in FIG. 3, in which a tubular shield member (22) is spring-biased to cover the needle (8) when released from a locked position relative to the syringe body (4). Another embodiment of a safety syringe (24) is shown in FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B. In this configuration, a retractable needle (26) is configured to retract (28, 26) to a safe position within the tubular body (4) as shown in FIG. 4B after the plunger (6) is fully inserted relative to the syringe body (4). Such a self-contained configuration may be associated with issues of blood splatter / aerosolization, safe storage of preloaded energy that may malfunction and actuate too early, loss of precision in delivering a full dose injection due to residual dead space within the spring compression volume, and / or loss of retraction speed control that may be associated with pain or patient anxiety.

[0004] The syringe market has become more complex due to the increasing demand for pre-filled syringe assemblies, such as those shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, which generally comprise a syringe body or “drug containment delivery system” (34), a plunger tip, plug or stopper (36), and a distal seal or cap (35) attached to a luer interface (FIG. 5A shows the cap 35 in place, while FIG. 5B has the cap removed to illustrate the luer interface 14). The liquid drug resides in a volume or drug reservoir (40) between the distal seal and the distal end (37) of the plunger tip (36). The plunger tip (36) may comprise a standard butyl rubber material and is coated with a biocompatible lubricious coating, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (“PTFE”) or ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (“ETFE”), to facilitate favorable sealing and relative motion characteristics relative to the associated syringe body structure and material. The proximal end of the syringe body (34) of FIG. 5B includes a conventional one-piece syringe flange (38) that is integrally formed with the material of the syringe body (34). The flange (38) is configured to extend radially from the syringe body (34) and is configured to be a full or partial circumference around the syringe body (34). The partial flange is known as a "clipped flange" and the other flange is known as a "full flange." The flange is used to grip the syringe with the fingers and provides support for depressing the plunger to perform the injection. The syringe body (34) preferably includes a translucent material such as glass or a polymer. A plunger tip (36) can be disposed within the syringe body (34) to form a contained volume within a chamber or reservoir (40) and aid in the evacuation of an associated fluid through the needle. Syringe body (34) may define a generally cylindrical shape (i.e., such that a plunger tip 36 having a circular cross-sectional shape establishes a seal with syringe body (34)) or may be configured to have other cross-sectional shapes, such as elliptical.

[0005] Such assemblies are desirable because they can be standardized and precisely mass-produced by the few manufacturers in the world who can afford to meet all of the world's ever-changing regulations regarding filling, packaging, and drug / drug interfacing material selection and component use. However, such simple configurations generally cannot meet new global standards for single-use, safety, auto-disable, and needlestick protection. For this reason, certain suppliers have moved to more "vertical" solutions that attempt to meet all or at least part of the standards in one solution, such as those shown in Figure 5C (41), and as a result of trying to meet those standards in many different scenarios, such products have significant limitations (including those discussed above with reference to Figures 3-4B) and can have relatively high inventory and usage costs.

[0006] Furthermore, increasing the amount of liquid (e.g., pharmaceutical) to be injected creates the additional requirement of injecting two or more components consecutively (e.g., into a patient) preferably at short intervals (e.g., within a few seconds) from each other. Multiple components can be injected consecutively using separate injection devices (e.g., pre-loaded syringes) or the same injection device can be used to draw multiple components consecutively from separate open containers and inject them consecutively. However, such consecutive injections using separate injection devices or drawing and injecting multiple components consecutively can be inaccurate and lead to loss of components, in addition to necessarily inserting multiple needles into the patient. Furthermore, consecutive injections using separate injection devices or drawing and injecting multiple components consecutively can unnecessarily expose the user to one or more uncapped needles. Furthermore, consecutive injections using separate injection devices or drawing and injecting multiple components consecutively can cause unacceptable delays between the injections of multiple components.

[0007] In some cases, chemical reactions may occur between the components of a multi-component injection. The use of a conventional dual chamber syringe, such as that disclosed in U.S. Patent Application No. 14 / 696,342, in which the components are mixed together in the syringe, may not be compatible with the reactive components, making the mixed components unsuitable for injection. Some examples of this phenomenon include the viscosity of the mixed drug increasing when the components are mixed together, making the drug less easily injectable through a needle. Other reactions, such as exothermic or endothermic, may also occur, preventing the use of conventional dual chamber injection systems.

[0008] Existing dual chamber injection systems (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,874,381) utilize an external bypass channel formed in the outer wall of the syringe body. In this example, the external bypass channel is positioned such that distal movement of the plunger causes the distal stopper to move distally exposing the external bypass channel to both the proximal and distal chambers, allowing liquid to move from the proximal chamber around the distal stopper to the distal chamber to mix with the drug component in the distal chamber. When the needle or syringe is capped for drug storage, those external bypass channel dual chamber injection systems are accompanied by an increase in pressure in the distal chamber during transfer and mixing. This increase in pressure creates resistance to transfer, making it difficult to transfer all of the liquid from the proximal chamber to the distal chamber. Additionally, the increase in pressure increases the force that must be maintained on the plunger rod during mixing. To minimize the effects of the increase in pressure, external bypass dual chamber injection systems require the needle cap to be removed prior to fluid transfer and mixing, or the syringe to be opened and the needle attached after mixing has occurred to allow venting of the pressure in the distal chamber during transfer and mixing. These requirements increase the risk of needlestick injury and / or require additional steps by the user. It would be beneficial to incorporate a pre-attached needle with shielding and venting with integrated needle retraction into a dual chamber injection system. The shielded and ventable needle shield embodiments disclosed herein are applicable to external bypass dual chamber injection systems. Additionally, it would be beneficial to integrate a plunger position control method to maintain precise control of the distal stopper position during transfer and mixing.

[0009] Additionally, the increase in the amount of liquids (e.g., pharmaceuticals) that may be injected creates yet another requirement to minimize the time that such liquids are exposed to metals (e.g., the stainless steel of needles) A ​​further requirement is the desirability of a system suitable for patient self-injection.

[0010] It is also desirable to incorporate anti-needle stick technology into injection systems: the ability to at least partially retract the sharp end of the needle within the syringe protects the injector and the patient from inadvertent needle stick injuries.

[0011] There is a need for an injection system that addresses the shortcomings of currently available configurations, particularly a need for a multi-chamber safety injection solution that can take advantage of the existing relatively well-controlled supply chain of conventionally provided pre-filled syringe assemblies, such as those described with reference to Figures 5A and 5B. Summary of the Invention

[0012] FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE Embodiments relate to injection systems. In particular, embodiments are directed to a multi-chamber safety injection system that transitions a needle into a protective configuration to minimize accidental injury to a user and contamination of used needles.

[0013] In one embodiment, a system for continuously injecting a liquid includes a syringe body defining a syringe proximal opening and a distal needle interface at a distal end. The system also includes a proximal stopper member and a distal stopper member disposed within the syringe body, forming a proximal chamber between the proximal stopper member and the distal stopper member, and forming a distal chamber between the distal stopper member and the distal end of the syringe body. The system further includes a first liquid in the distal chamber and a second liquid in the proximal chamber. The system further includes a plunger member defining a plunger interior, the plunger member configured to be manually manipulated to insert the proximal stopper member distally relative to the syringe body. The plunger member includes a needle retaining feature disposed within the plunger interior, an energy storage member disposed within the plunger interior, and an energy storage member latch member disposed within the plunger interior. The system further includes a needle hub assembly coupled to the distal needle interface of the syringe body. The needle assembly includes a needle having a needle proximal end feature, a hub, and a needle latch member configured to couple the needle to the hub. Manipulation of the plunger member to insert the proximal stop member distally relative to the syringe body first expels a first liquid from the distal chamber through the needle, followed by successive expulsion of a second liquid from the proximal chamber through the needle. In response to manipulation of the plunger member relative to the syringe body, the energy storage member latch member is transformed from a latched state to an unlatched state, thereby allowing the needle to be at least partially retracted within the plunger.

[0014] In one or more embodiments, the first and second sizes of the distal and proximal chambers, respectively, can be altered by relative movement of the proximal and distal stop members with respect to the syringe body.

[0015] In one or more embodiments, the needle defines a needle interior, a distal opening, an intermediate opening, and a proximal opening, the distal opening, the intermediate opening, and the proximal opening being fluidly coupled through the needle interior. A distance between the proximal opening and the distal end of the syringe body may be approximately equal to a length of the distal stopper member, such that when the distal stopper member is inserted into the distal end of the syringe body, the proximal stopper member is inserted distally relative to the needle to position the proximal opening in the proximal chamber. The proximal and distal stopper members and the syringe body may be configured such that a distal force applied to the proximal stopper member is transmitted to the distal stopper member through the second liquid until the proximal stopper member is inserted distally relative to the needle to position the proximal opening in the proximal chamber. The system can have a first injection configuration in which the proximal opening is disposed within the distal chamber, and a second injection configuration in which the proximal opening is disposed within the proximal chamber to allow transfer of a second liquid from the proximal chamber through the proximal opening and the interior of the needle and out the distal end opening, and a distal stop member can be adapted to block the intermediate opening when the system is in the second injection configuration.

[0016] In one or more embodiments, the needle is configured to be retracted at least partially within the plunger, at least completely through the distal stop member. In other embodiments, the needle may be configured to retract to a position where the distal tip of the needle is disposed within the syringe body. The proximal and distal stop members may include respective first and second polymer coatings on their respective distal and proximal surfaces, such that a proximal chamber is defined by the syringe body and the first and second polymer coatings.

[0017] In one or more embodiments, the distal stop member has a proximally tapering funnel and a space disposed at the tapered proximal end of the funnel. The funnel may be configured to guide the needle proximal end feature into the space at the tapered proximal end of the funnel, thereby aligning the needle proximal end feature with a needle retaining feature within the plunger. The funnel may be configured to align the needle proximal end feature with a needle retaining feature within the plunger during assembly of the system and / or during manipulation of the plunger member to distally insert the proximal stop member relative to the syringe body.

[0018] In one or more embodiments, the energy storage member latch member is configured to transform from a latched state to an unlatched state to at least partially retract the needle into the plunger after the second liquid is expelled from the proximal chamber through the needle. The needle retaining feature may be configured to actuate the transformation of the energy storage member latch member from the latched state to the unlatched state in response to manipulation of the plunger member to insert the proximal stop member into the distal end of the syringe body.

[0019] In one or more embodiments, the distal stop member has a detent to resist passage of the needle proximal end feature. The detent may be configured such that a distal force of about 2 pounds to about 5 pounds applied to the plunger member overcomes the resistance to passage of the needle proximal end feature. The detent can be modified to adjust the distal force required to overcome the resistance. The detent can have a "U" shape. The detent can include a bent wire. The detent can have a flattened cross section. The detent can have a needle proximal end feature receiving feature. The needle proximal end feature receiving feature can have a chamfered surface. The detent can include an annealed stainless steel alloy. The needle proximal end feature can have an angle of about 30 degrees.

[0020] In one or more embodiments, the needle has a shoulder to resist passing through the detent. The shoulder and detent may be configured such that a distal force of about 2 pounds to about 5 pounds applied to the plunger member overcomes the resistance to the shoulder passing through the detent. The detent can be modified to adjust the distal force required to overcome the resistance. The shoulder may have an angle of about 50 degrees.

[0021] In one or more embodiments, the needle has a groove to resist passing through the detent. The groove and detent may be configured such that a distal force of about 2 pounds to about 5 pounds applied to the plunger member overcomes the resistance to the groove passing through the detent. The detent can be altered to adjust the distal force required to overcome the resistance.

[0022] In another embodiment, a method for sequentially injecting a first liquid and a second liquid into a patient includes providing a system including a syringe body defining a syringe proximal opening and a distal end. The system also includes a proximal stopper member and a distal stopper member disposed on the syringe body, forming a proximal chamber containing the second liquid between the proximal stopper member and the distal stopper member, and forming a distal chamber containing the first liquid between the distal stopper member and the distal end of the syringe body. The system further includes a plunger member defining a plunger interior and configured to be manually manipulated to insert the proximal stopper member distally relative to the syringe body. Additionally, the system includes a needle having a needle interior, a distal end opening, a middle opening, and a proximal opening, the distal end opening, the middle opening, and the proximal opening being fluidly coupled via the needle interior. The method also includes advancing the plunger member to expel the first liquid from the distal chamber through the needle interior and the distal end opening. The method further includes further advancing the plunger member to expel the second liquid from the proximal chamber through the proximal opening, the needle interior and the distal opening. The method further includes automatically retracting the distal needle tip into the needle hub or syringe body as the first and second liquids are injected into the patient.

[0023] In one or more embodiments, the method also includes inserting a distal end of the needle into the patient before advancing the plunger member to expel the first liquid from the distal chamber, thereby positioning the distal end opening of the needle against the patient before expelling the first liquid. The method also includes removing air from the distal chamber before inserting the distal end of the needle into the patient. Removing air from the distal chamber can include holding the syringe body in a substantially vertical position and manipulating the plunger member to insert the proximal stop member distally relative to the syringe body.

[0024] In one or more embodiments, advancing the plunger member inserts the proximal stopper member distally relative to the syringe body, thereby exerting a distal force through the second liquid to insert the distal stopper member distally relative to the syringe body, thereby expelling the first liquid from the distal chamber through the needle interior and the distal end opening.

[0025] In one or more embodiments, the system has a first injection configuration in which the proximal opening is disposed in the distal chamber, and a second injection configuration in which the proximal opening is disposed in the proximal chamber, thereby allowing a second liquid to be transferred from the proximal chamber through the proximal opening and the needle interior and out of the distal opening. The system is in the first injection configuration when the plunger member advances to expel the first liquid from the distal chamber through the needle interior and the distal opening. The system is in the second injection configuration when the plunger member advances further to expel the second liquid from the proximal chamber through the proximal opening, the needle interior and the distal opening. When the system is in the second injection configuration, the distal stopper member may occlude the intermediate opening. The method may further include the steps of penetrating the needle at least completely through the distal stopper member and retracting the needle at least partially into the plunger interior. In other embodiments, the method may include retracting the needle to a position in which the distal tip of the needle is disposed within the syringe body.

[0026] In one or more embodiments, the distal stop member has a proximally tapered funnel and a space disposed at the tapered proximal end of the funnel, the method further including the step of the funnel directing the needle into the space at the tapered proximal end of the funnel, thereby aligning a needle proximal end feature with a needle retaining feature within the plunger.

[0027] In one or more embodiments, the needle further comprises a needle proximal end feature and the distal stop member comprises a detent. The method further comprises the step of the detent resisting passage of the needle proximal end feature. Advancing the plunger member to expel the first liquid from the distal chamber through the needle interior and the distal end opening can include exerting a distal force on the plunger member to overcome the resistance of the needle proximal end feature to passing through the detent. The distal force can be between about 2 pounds and about 5 pounds.

[0028] In one or more embodiments, the needle further includes a shoulder and the distal stop member includes a detent. The method further includes the step of the detent resisting passage of the shoulder. Further advancing the plunger member to expel the second liquid from the proximal chamber through the proximal opening, the needle interior, and the distal end opening can include exerting a distal force on the plunger member to overcome the resistance of the shoulder to passage of the detent. The distal force can be between about 2 pounds and about 5 pounds.

[0029] In one or more embodiments, the needle further comprises a groove and the distal stop member comprises a detent. The method further comprises the step of the detent resisting passage of the groove. Further advancing the plunger member to expel the second liquid from the proximal chamber through the proximal opening, the needle interior and the distal end opening can include exerting a distal force on the plunger member to overcome the resistance of the groove to passage of the detent. The distal force can be between about 2 pounds and about 5 pounds.

[0030] In yet another embodiment, a system for continuously injecting a liquid includes a syringe body defining a syringe proximal opening and a distal interface at a distal end. The system also includes a proximal stopper member and a distal stopper member disposed on the syringe body, forming a proximal chamber between the proximal stopper member and the distal stopper member, and forming a distal chamber between the distal stopper member and the distal end of the syringe body. The system further includes a first liquid in the distal chamber and a second liquid in the proximal chamber. Additionally, the system includes a plunger member configured to be manually manipulated to insert the proximal stopper member distally relative to the syringe body. Additionally, the system includes a hub assembly coupled to the distal interface of the syringe body. The hub assembly includes a transfer pipe having a transfer pipe proximal end and a transfer pipe distal end, a hub, and a connector fluidly coupled to the transfer pipe distal end. By manipulating the plunger member to insert the proximal stopper member distally relative to the syringe body, first a first liquid is expelled from the distal chamber through the transfer pipe, and then successively a second liquid is expelled from the proximal chamber through the transfer pipe.

[0031] In one or more embodiments, the first and second sizes of the distal and proximal chambers, respectively, can be altered by relative movement of the proximal and distal stop members with respect to the syringe body.

[0032] In one or more embodiments, the transfer pipe defines a transfer pipe interior, a distal end opening at the transfer pipe distal end, an intermediate opening, and a proximal opening, the distal end opening, the intermediate opening, and the proximal opening are fluidly coupled via the transfer pipe interior. The distance between the proximal opening and the distal end of the syringe body may be approximately equal to the length of the distal stopper member, and when the distal stopper member is inserted into the distal end of the syringe body, the proximal stopper member may be inserted distally relative to the transfer pipe such that the proximal opening is disposed in the proximal chamber. The proximal and distal stopper members and the syringe body may be configured such that a distal force applied to the proximal stopper member is transmitted to the distal stopper member via the second liquid until the proximal stopper member is inserted distally relative to the transfer pipe such that the proximal opening is disposed in the proximal chamber.

[0033] In one or more embodiments, the system has a first injection configuration in which the proximal opening is disposed within the distal chamber, and a second injection configuration in which the proximal opening is disposed within the proximal chamber, thereby allowing transfer of a second liquid from the proximal chamber through the proximal opening and the transfer pipe interior and out the distal end opening. When the system is in the second injection configuration, the distal stopper member may block the intermediate opening. The proximal and distal stopper members may include respective first and second polymer coatings on their respective distal and proximal surfaces, such that the proximal chamber is defined by the syringe body and the first and second polymer coatings.

[0034] In one or more embodiments, the distal stop member has a proximally tapering funnel and a space disposed at the tapered proximal end of the funnel. The funnel may be configured to guide the transfer pipe proximal end into the space at the tapered proximal end of the funnel, thereby aligning the transfer pipe with the distal stop member. The funnel may be configured to align the transfer pipe with the distal stop member during assembly of the system and / or during manipulation of the plunger member to distally insert the proximal stop member relative to the syringe body.

[0035] In one or more embodiments, the distal stop member has a detent that resists passage of the transfer pipe proximal end. The detent may be configured such that a distal force of about 2 pounds to about 5 pounds applied to the plunger member overcomes the resistance to passage of the transfer pipe proximal end. The detent can be modified to adjust the distal force required to overcome the resistance. The detent can have a "U" shape. The detent can include bent wire. The detent can have a flattened cross section. The detent can have a transfer pipe proximal end receiving feature. The transfer pipe proximal end receiving feature can have a chamfered surface. The detent can include an annealed stainless steel alloy. The transfer pipe proximal end can include a transfer pipe proximal end feature having an angle of about 30 degrees.

[0036] In one or more embodiments, the transfer pipe has a shoulder to resist passing through the detent. The shoulder and detent may be configured such that a distal force of about 2 pounds to about 5 pounds applied to the plunger member overcomes the resistance to the shoulder passing through the detent. The detent can be modified to adjust the distal force required to overcome the resistance. The shoulder may include an angle of about 50 degrees.

[0037] In one or more embodiments, the transfer pipe has grooves to resist passing through the detent. The grooves and detents may be configured such that a distal force of about 2 pounds to about 5 pounds applied to the plunger member overcomes the resistance to the groove passing through the detent. The detents can be altered to adjust the distal force required to overcome the resistance.

[0038] In yet another embodiment, a method of sequentially injecting a first liquid and a second liquid includes providing a system. The system includes a syringe body defining a syringe proximal opening and a distal end. The system also includes a proximal stopper member and a distal stopper member disposed on the syringe body, forming a proximal chamber containing the second liquid between the proximal stopper member and the distal stopper member, and forming a distal chamber containing the first liquid between the distal stopper member and the distal end of the syringe body. The system further includes a plunger member defining a plunger interior and configured to be manually manipulated to insert the proximal stopper member distally relative to the syringe body. Additionally, the system includes a transfer pipe having a transfer pipe interior, a distal end opening, a middle opening, and a proximal opening, the distal end opening, the middle opening, and the proximal opening being fluidly coupled via the transfer pipe interior. Additionally, the system includes a connector fluidly coupled to the transfer pipe interior. The method also includes advancing the plunger member to expel a first liquid from the distal chamber through the transfer pipe interior and the distal end opening. The method further includes advancing the plunger member further to expel a second liquid from the proximal chamber through the proximal opening, the transfer pipe interior and the distal end opening.

[0039] In one or more embodiments, the method further includes connecting a coupling member to an IV bag prior to advancing the plunger member to expel the first liquid from the distal chamber, thereby fluidly coupling the transfer pipe interior with the IV bag prior to expelling the first liquid. The method can also include removing air from the distal chamber prior to connecting the coupling member to the IV bag. Removing air from the distal chamber can include holding the syringe body in a substantially vertical position and manipulating the plunger member to distally insert the proximal stopper member relative to the syringe body.

[0040] In one or more embodiments, advancing the plunger member inserts the proximal stopper member distally relative to the syringe body, thereby exerting a distal force through the second liquid to insert the distal stopper member distally relative to the syringe body, thereby expelling the first liquid from the distal chamber through the transfer pipe interior and the distal end opening.

[0041] In one or more embodiments, the system has a first injection configuration in which the proximal opening is disposed in the distal chamber, and a second injection configuration in which the proximal opening is disposed in the proximal chamber, thereby allowing a second liquid to be transferred from the proximal chamber through the proximal opening and the transfer pipe interior and out of the distal end opening. The system is in the first injection configuration when the plunger member advances to expel the first liquid from the distal chamber through the transfer pipe interior and the distal end opening. The system is in the second injection configuration when the plunger member advances further to expel the second liquid from the proximal chamber through the proximal opening, the transfer pipe interior and the distal end opening. The distal stopper member may be adapted to block the intermediate opening when the system is in the second injection configuration.

[0042] In one or more embodiments, the distal stop member has a proximally tapered funnel and a space disposed at the tapered proximal end of the funnel, the method further including the step of the funnel directing the transfer pipe proximal end into the space at the tapered proximal end of the funnel, thereby aligning the transfer pipe proximal end with the distal stop member.

[0043] In one or more embodiments, the transfer pipe further includes a transfer pipe proximal end and the distal stop member includes a detent. The method further includes the step of the detent resisting passage of the transfer pipe proximal end. Advancing the plunger member to expel the first liquid from the distal chamber through the transfer pipe interior and the distal end opening can include exerting a distal force on the plunger member to overcome the resistance to the transfer pipe proximal end passing through the detent. The distal force can be between about 2 pounds and about 5 pounds.

[0044] In one or more embodiments, the transfer pipe further includes a shoulder and the distal stop member includes a detent. The method further includes the step of the detent resisting passage of the shoulder. Further advancing the plunger member to expel the second liquid from the proximal chamber through the proximal opening, the transfer pipe interior, and the distal end opening can include exerting a distal force on the plunger member to overcome the resistance of the shoulder to passage of the detent. The distal force can be between about 2 pounds and about 5 pounds.

[0045] In one or more embodiments, the transfer pipe further includes a groove and the distal stop member includes a detent. The method further includes the step of the detent resisting passage of the groove. Further advancing the plunger member to expel the second liquid from the proximal chamber through the proximal opening, the transfer pipe interior, and the distal end opening can include exerting a distal force on the plunger member to overcome the resistance of the groove to passage of the detent. The distal force can be between about 2 pounds and about 5 pounds.

[0046] In one embodiment, a system for mixing and injecting pharmaceutical products includes a syringe body defining a proximal opening at a proximal end and a distal needle interface at a distal end. The system also includes a proximal stop member and a distal stop member disposed on the syringe body, forming a proximal drug chamber between the proximal stop member and the distal stop member, and forming a distal drug chamber between the distal stop member and the distal end of the syringe body. The system further includes a plunger member defining a plunger interior and configured to be manually manipulated to insert the proximal stop member distally relative to the syringe body. Additionally, the system includes a needle hub assembly coupled to the distal needle interface of the syringe body. The needle assembly includes a needle having a needle proximal end feature and a sharpened needle distal end, and a hub. Additionally, the system includes a needle cover, the needle cover having a threaded surface for removably coupling the needle cover to the hub. The needle cover has a sealing configuration in which the needle cover prevents fluid flow through the needle distal end and a venting configuration in which the needle cover allows fluid flow through the needle distal end.

[0047] In one or more embodiments, pulling the needle cover distally relative to the syringe body moves the needle cover from the sealed configuration to the vented configuration. The first and second sizes of the distal and proximal drug chambers, respectively, can be altered by relative movement of the proximal and distal stop members relative to the syringe body.

[0048] In one or more embodiments, the plunger member includes a needle retaining feature disposed within the plunger, an energy storage member disposed within the plunger, and an energy storage member latch member disposed within the plunger, wherein in response to manipulation of the plunger member relative to the syringe body, the energy storage member latch member is transformed from a latched state to an unlatched state, thereby allowing the needle to be at least partially retracted within the plunger.

[0049] In one or more embodiments, the needle assembly also includes a needle latch member configured to couple the needle to the hub. The distal and proximal drug chambers can contain first and second components, respectively, of a drug that are mixed together prior to injection into a patient.

[0050] In one or more embodiments, the system has a transport configuration in which the needle proximal end feature is disposed within the distal drug chamber. The system also has a transfer configuration in which the needle proximal end feature at least partially penetrates the distal stopper member and is at least partially disposed within the proximal drug chamber. The system also has a mixing configuration in which the proximal and distal stopper members contact one another, thereby transferring a first drug component from the proximal drug chamber to the distal drug chamber and mixing the first drug component with a second drug component in the distal drug chamber.

[0051] In one or more embodiments, the needle further comprises a distal opening disposed at the needle distal end, an intermediate opening disposed in the distal drug chamber when the system is in the transport, transfer and mixing configurations, and a proximal opening disposed in the proximal drug chamber when the system is in the transport and transfer configurations. The proximal opening may be a slot.

[0052] In one or more embodiments, the needle cover has flexible fingers configured to permit distal movement of the needle cover relative to the hub in the sealed configuration and to prevent distal movement of the needle cover relative to the hub in the vented configuration. The hub may have a threaded surface configured to interact with the threaded surface and flexible fingers of the needle cover when the needle cover is in the vented configuration, thereby preventing distal movement of the needle cover relative to the syringe body without relative rotation of the needle cover with the syringe body.

[0053] In one or more embodiments, rotating the needle cover relative to the syringe body in a first direction transitions the needle cover from the sealed configuration to the vented configuration. The hub can also include an interference member configured to removably couple the needle cover to the hub. Distal movement of the plunger member relative to the syringe body can cause the distal stop member to move distally relative to the needle such that the needle proximal end feature penetrates the distal stop member.

[0054] In another embodiment, a system for mixing and injecting pharmaceutical products includes a syringe body defining a proximal opening at a proximal end and a distal needle interface at a distal end. The system also includes a proximal stopper member and a distal stopper member disposed on the syringe body, forming a proximal drug chamber between the proximal stopper member and the distal stopper member, and forming a distal drug chamber between the distal stopper member and the distal end of the syringe body. The system also includes a plunger member defining a plunger interior, the plunger member having a threaded surface such that when the plunger member is rotated relative to the syringe body in a first direction, the plunger member advances to insert the proximal stopper member relative to the syringe body. Additionally, the system includes a needle hub assembly coupled to the distal needle interface of the syringe body. The needle assembly includes a needle having a needle proximal end feature and a sharpened needle distal end, and a hub. Additionally, the system includes a needle cover removably coupled to the hub.

[0055] In one or more embodiments, the first and second sizes of the distal and proximal drug chambers, respectively, can be altered by relative movement of the proximal and distal stop members with respect to the syringe body. The plunger member can include a needle retaining feature disposed within the plunger, an energy storage member disposed within the plunger, and an energy storage member latch member disposed within the plunger. In response to relative manipulation of the plunger member with respect to the syringe body, the energy storage member latch member is transformed from a latched state to an unlatched state, thereby allowing the needle to be at least partially retracted within the plunger.

[0056] In one or more embodiments, the needle assembly also includes a needle latch member configured to couple the needle to the hub. The distal and proximal drug chambers can contain first and second components, respectively, of a drug that are mixed together prior to injection into a patient.

[0057] In one or more embodiments, the system has a transport configuration in which the needle proximal end feature is disposed within the distal drug chamber. The system also has a transfer configuration in which the needle proximal end feature at least partially penetrates the distal stopper member and is at least partially disposed within the proximal drug chamber. The system further has a mixing configuration in which the proximal and distal stopper members contact one another, thereby transferring a first drug component from the proximal drug chamber to the distal drug chamber and mixing the first drug component with a second drug component in the distal drug chamber.

[0058] In one or more embodiments, the needle further comprises a distal opening disposed at the needle distal end, an intermediate opening disposed in the distal drug chamber when the system is in the transport, transfer and mixing configurations, and a proximal opening disposed in the proximal drug chamber when the system is in the transport and transfer configurations. The proximal opening may be a slot.

[0059] In one or more embodiments, the threaded surface of the plunger member has a double helix thread. The threaded surface of the plunger member may have a relatively large pitch thread. The threaded surface of the plunger member may have an 8.5mm pitch.

[0060] In one or more embodiments, the threaded surface of the plunger member may be configured such that rotating the plunger member relative to the syringe body in a first direction may advance the plunger member and insert the proximal stop member relative to the syringe body until the proximal stop member contacts the distal stop member. The threaded surface of the plunger member may be configured such that rotating the plunger member relative to the syringe body in a first direction may advance the plunger member and insert the proximal stop member relative to the syringe body just before the proximal stop member contacts the distal stop member.

[0061] In one or more embodiments, the system further includes a flange coupled to a proximal end of the syringe body, the flange having a threaded surface that interacts with the threaded surface of the plunger member to advance the plunger member and insert the proximal stop member relative to the syringe body during rotation of the plunger member relative to the syringe body. The surface of the flange can include a removed wall. Rotating the plunger member relative to the syringe body in a first direction can move the distal stop member distally relative to the needle such that the needle proximal feature penetrates the distal stop member.

[0062] The above and other embodiments of the present disclosure are described in the following detailed description. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0063] The above and other features of the embodiments will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like elements in various drawings are designated by common reference numerals.

[0064] [Figure 1] 1A and 1B show various features of a conventional syringe configuration. [Diagram 2] 2A and 2B show various features of a conventional syringe configuration. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 illustrates various features of a conventional syringe design. [Figure 4] 4A and 4B show various features of a conventional syringe configuration. [Diagram 5] 5A-5C show various features of a conventional syringe configuration. [Figure 6] 6A-6Q show various features of a syringe-based dual chamber safety injection system in a protective configuration in which the end / tip of the distal needle is retracted after use, according to some embodiments. [Figure 7] 7A-7L show various features of a syringe-based dual chamber safety injection system during steps of a method for continuously injecting liquids using the system according to some embodiments. [Figure 8] 8A-8C illustrate various features of a dual chamber syringe-based safety injection system according to two embodiments. [Figure 9] 9A-9C illustrate various features of a syringe-based dual chamber safety injection system during steps of a method for continuously injecting liquids using the system according to some embodiments. [Figure 10] 10A and 10B show various features of a syringe-based dual chamber safety injection system during steps of a method for continuously injecting liquids using the system according to some embodiments. [Figure 11]11A and 11B show various features of a syringe-based dual chamber safety injection system according to some embodiments. [Figure 12] 12A-12C illustrate various features of a distal stopper member having a stopper bushing with a detent for use in a syringe-based dual chamber safety injection system according to some embodiments, during steps of a method for continuously injecting liquids using the system. [Figure 13] 13A-13C illustrate various features of a stopper member bushing with a detent for use in a syringe-based dual chamber safety injection system according to some embodiments. [Figure 14] 14A-14C illustrate various features of a detent for use with a stopper member bushing for use with a syringe-based dual chamber safety injection system according to some embodiments. [Figure 15] FIG. 15 is a graph plotting stress versus strain for materials from which detents for use with stopper member bushings for use in a syringe-based dual chamber safety injection system according to some embodiments can be made. [Figure 16] FIG. 16 illustrates various harpoon shapes for use with stopper member bushings along with detents for use with a syringe-based dual chamber safety injection system according to some embodiments. [Figure 17] FIG. 17 illustrates various shoulder shapes for use on a stopper member bushing in conjunction with a detent for use with a syringe-based dual chamber safety injection system according to some embodiments. [Figure 18] FIG. 18 illustrates various features of the needle spine assembly of a syringe-based dual chamber safety injection system according to some embodiments. [Figure 19] FIG. 19 illustrates various features of the needle spine assembly of a syringe-based dual chamber safety injection system according to some embodiments. [Figure 20]FIG. 20 illustrates a dual chamber safety injection system having a shielded and ventable needle cover in respective sealed and vented configurations according to some embodiments. [Figure 21] FIG. 21 illustrates a dual chamber safety injection system having a shielded and ventable needle cover in respective sealed and vented configurations according to some embodiments. [Figure 22] FIG. 22 details a threaded plunger member and finger flange for use in a dual chamber safety injection system according to some embodiments. [Diagram 23] FIG. 23 illustrates a finger flange for use in a dual chamber safety injection system according to some embodiments. [Figure 24] FIG. 24 illustrates a dual chamber safety injection system in a delivery configuration with a shielded and ventable needle cover according to some embodiments. [Diagram 25] FIG. 25 details the proximal and distal stopper members and the proximal opening of a needle for use in a dual chamber safety injection system according to some embodiments. [Figure 26] FIG. 26 illustrates a needle for use with a dual chamber safety injection system according to some embodiments. [Figure 27] FIG. 27 details the proximal end of a needle for use in a dual chamber safety injection system according to some embodiments. [Figure 28] FIG. 28 illustrates a dual chamber safety injection system in venting and mixing configurations with a shielded and ventable needle cover according to some embodiments. [Figure 29] FIG. 29 illustrates a dual chamber safety injection system in a mixed configuration with the shielded and ventable needle cover removed for injection, according to some embodiments. [Diagram 30] FIG. 30 details the proximal end of a shielded and ventable needle cover in a sealed configuration for use in a dual chamber safety injection system according to some embodiments. [Diagram 31] FIG. 31 details the proximal end of a shielded and ventable needle cover removed from the distal end of a needle hub for use in a dual chamber safety injection system according to some embodiments. [Diagram 32] FIG. 32 is a cross-sectional view detailing the proximal end of a shielded and ventable needle cover in a sealed configuration for use in a dual chamber safety injection system according to some embodiments. [Diagram 33] FIG. 33 is a cross-sectional view detailing the proximal end of a shield and ventable needle cover in a venting configuration for use in a dual chamber safety injection system according to some embodiments. [Diagram 34] FIG. 34 details the proximal end of a shielded and ventable needle cover removed from the distal end of a needle hub for use in a dual chamber safety injection system according to some embodiments.

[0065] In order to better understand how the above and other advantages and objects of the various embodiments can be obtained, a more detailed description of the embodiments is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the drawings are not drawn to scale and that elements of similar structure or function are designated with similar reference numerals throughout. It should be understood that the drawings depict only certain exemplary embodiments and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope of the embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0066] Exemplary Prefilled Dual Chamber Safety Infusion System 6A and 6B, there are shown perspective and longitudinal cross-sectional views of a prefilled dual chamber safety injection system (100) having a conventional off-the-shelf prefilled syringe body (34) with conventional proximal and distal stopper members (32, 36) disposed therein. The proximal and distal stopper members (32, 36) together with the syringe body (34) define proximal and distal chambers (40, 42). The proximal and distal stopper members (32, 36) occlude the proximal and distal ends of the proximal chamber (40). The distal stopper member (36) occludes the proximal end of the distal chamber (42). In some embodiments, the distal end of the proximal stopper member (32) and the proximal end of the distal stopper member (36) are each coated with a lubricious polymer coating (e.g., PTFE or ETFE), and the first and second polymer coatings of the proximal and distal stopper members (32, 36) together with the syringe body (34) define a proximal chamber (40). The lubricious polymer coating serves to isolate the rubber of the proximal and distal stopper members (32, 36) from the second liquid (254). The proximal and distal stopper members (32, 36) may be oriented as shown in Figures 6A and 6B, or the distal stopper (36) may be inverted so that the lubricious coating faces the distal chamber (42) and the first liquid (252) in the distal chamber (42) contacts the lubricious coating for storage.

[0067] A needle coupling assembly (606) is disposed at the distal end of the distal chamber (42) with a needle cover member (63) attached for storage. The dual chamber safety injection system facilitates sequential injection of a first liquid (252) from the distal chamber (42) followed by a second liquid (254) from the proximal chamber by a user sequentially inserting the plunger assembly (44) into the syringe body (34) to various degrees. The plunger assembly (44) includes a proximal stopper member (32), a plunger housing member (69) and a plunger operating interface (128). The first and second liquids disposed in the distal and proximal chambers (42, 40), respectively, may be any liquid or gel, such as a water-based or oil-based medicinal solution.

[0068] The dual chamber safety injection system (100) has a staked needle configuration in which, when provided to a user, the needle assembly, including the needle spine assembly ("needle") (76) and the needle coupling assembly (606), is mounted in a fixed position ready for injection after removal of the needle cover member (63), which may have an elastomeric sealing material on its interior surface that contacts the needle distal end (78) and / or the needle distal housing portion (610, see Figures 6C and 6D) during storage. Alternatively, the needle cover member (63) may include a vent (shown and described below) that allows pressure due to movement of the liquids (252, 254) to escape from the interior of the syringe body (34) while preventing ingress of contamination into the syringe body (34). Although the staked needle is depicted as being attached in a fixed position, the staked needle may be removably coupled to the syringe body (34) using a luer slip or luer lock interface (not shown), with the proximal end (50) of the needle member extending through the luer interface into the distal chamber (42). Alternatively, the needle may be fixedly or removably attached to a flange of the cartridge body instead of the syringe. Such a cartridge injection system is disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 15 / 801,281. In the embodiment shown in Figures 6A-7L, a significant portion of the safety needle retraction member resides within the plunger housing.

[0069] As shown in Figures 6C and 6D, upon initial assembly (i.e., in a factory or processing facility rather than on-site in a "staked needle" configuration), the proximal housing assembly (608) is configured to snap-fit ​​(i.e., using a snap ring element (604) that constitutes the proximal housing assembly or a snap ring element coupled to the proximal housing assembly) over the slightly recessed radial portion (602) of the syringe body that is formed in the syringe body during manufacture of the syringe body.

[0070] Figures 6E-6O are various views of an exemplary needle spine assembly ("needle") (76) as shown in Figures 6A-6D and various portions thereof, according to some embodiments. Figures 6E / 6F, 6G / 6H, 6I / 6J, 6K / 6L, and 6M / 6N are corresponding pairs of side and longitudinal cross-sectional views of the needle spine assembly (76) and various portions thereof. Figure 6O is a perspective view of the needle spine assembly (76) according to some embodiments.

[0071] The needle spine assembly (76) includes a needle proximal end (50) and a needle distal end (78) coupled to opposite ends (i.e., the proximal and distal ends, respectively) of a needle interface member (83). The needle interface member (83) is configured to have a waisted or radially reduced portion (111) configured to engage a latch member (612) and a moveable block member (614) (see Figures 6P and 6Q) such that the needle interface member (83), the needle proximal end (50) and the needle distal end (78) remain proximally fixed relative to the syringe body (34) during injection. After full insertion of the plunger assembly relative to the smaller diameter flange (33) (i.e., after or about the full expulsion of the second liquid (254) contained within the proximal chamber (40) of the syringe body (34)), the movable block member (614) is advanced relative to the distal housing portion (610), thereby displacing the plurality (two in the figures) of cantilevered latch members (616) of the latch member (612) by the movable block member (614). Specifically, the needle spine assembly (76) is urged distally by full advancement of the plunger assembly, thereby advancing the movable block member (614) and moving the cantilevered latch members (616). Moving the cantilevered latch members (616) allows the needle distal end (78), interface member (83) and proximal end (50) to be retracted via their couplings, thereby allowing the sharpened needle tip (48) to be safely positioned within the plunger housing member (69). Alternatively, needle tip (48) can be retracted to a position proximal to the exterior surface of distal housing portion (610) to safely protect the sharp tip from the user. In other words, cantilevered latch member (616) maintains the position of needle tip (48) during injection and needle / syringe assembly until pushed out by moveable block member (614) upon full plunger insertion, as further described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 15 / 801,259.After the cantilevered latch member (616) is pushed out by the movable block member (614), the needle (76) is freed to automatically retract when triggered by further distal movement of the needle spine assembly (76), as described in U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 14 / 696,342 and 62 / 416,102.

[0072] Figures 6E-6O show features of the needle spine assembly (76) including the elements of the needle assembly, but not including the needle coupling assembly (606). As shown in Figures 6F and 6H, the needle proximal end (50) includes a coupling member (86) at its distal end and includes a pointed proximal end (84). A needle interface member (83) couples the coupling member (86) to the needle distal end (78). The needle distal end (78), the coupling member (86) of the needle proximal end (50) and the needle interface member (83) can be held together by an interference fit, welding and / or adhesive. The needle proximal end (50) is coupled to the needle interface member (83) such that the interior of the needle interface member (83) is closed at its proximal end, preventing the flow of fluid through the proximal end of the needle interface member (see Figure 6H). The proximal end (84) of the needle proximal end (50) in the illustrated embodiment forms a "harpoon" type geometry configured to pierce and hold a compliant member and can engage the compliant member for retraction of the needle spine assembly (76) into the plunger housing member (69). The use of the proximal end (84) to retract the needle spine assembly (76) into the plunger housing member (69) is further described in U.S. Patent Application Nos. 15 / 801,259 and 15 / 801,304. The needle proximal end (50) may be formed from a metal rod and a metal ring, for example, using welding, laser cutting, stamping and / or machining techniques.

[0073] As shown in Figures 6G-6N, the needle interface member (83) and the needle distal end (78) can provide a fluid pathway selectively coupling the proximal and distal chambers (40, 42) to the exterior of the system (100). The fluid pathway can include one or more proximal openings (85) at the proximal end of the needle interface member (83) adjacent the needle proximal end (50), as shown in Figures 6G-6N. In the embodiment shown in Figures 6E-6O, there are two proximal openings (85). In other embodiments, there can be a fewer (e.g., one) or a greater (e.g., three) number of proximal openings (85). The fluid pathway can include one or more intermediate openings (80) distal to the one or more proximal openings (85). In the embodiment shown in Figures 6E-6O, there is one intermediate opening (80). In other embodiments, there can be more (e.g., two) intermediate openings (80). The proximal and intermediate openings (85, 80) may be formed by cutting (eg, holes or slots) into the sidewall of the hollow joint member (83).

[0074] The distal portion (78) of the needle spine assembly (76) includes a sharpened hypodermic needle tip (48, see Figures 6M and 6N) formed at the distal-most end of the distal portion (78). The fluid pathway may also include one or more distal openings (81) at the needle tip (48). In the embodiment shown in Figures 6E-6O, there is one distal opening (81). In other embodiments, there may be more (e.g., two) distal openings (81). The distal openings (81) may be formed by scraping or cutting the distal end of the distal portion (78) or by cutting (e.g., holes or slots) into the sidewall of the hollow joint member (83).

[0075] The proximal, middle and distal openings (85, 80, 81) are all in fluid communication with the interior (82) of the needle spine assembly (76). The interior (82) of the needle spine assembly (76) extends from the proximal opening (85) to the distal opening (81). Changing the relative positions of the needle spine assembly (76) and the proximal and distal stop members (32, 36) selectively couples the proximal and distal chambers (40, 42) to the exterior of the system (100) via the interior (82) of the needle spine assembly (76). In the embodiment shown in Figures 7A-7I, the middle opening (80) is always located within the distal chamber (40) during injection. When a proximal opening (85) is also disposed within the distal chamber (40) (FIGS. 7A-7C), or when one or more of the proximal openings (85) are blocked by the distal stop member (36), the distal chamber (42) is fluidly coupled to the exterior of the system (100) via the one or more proximal openings (85) and / or intermediate opening (80), the interior (82) and distal opening (81) of the needle spine assembly (76). FIGS. 7A-7C show a first injection configuration in which a first liquid (252), but not a second liquid (254), may be injected via the interior (82) and distal opening (81) of the needle spine assembly (76). When one or more of the proximal openings are disposed within the proximal chamber (42) and the intermediate opening (80) is blocked by the distal stopper member (36) (FIGS. 7G-7I), the proximal chamber (40) is fluidly coupled to the exterior of the system (100) via the one or more proximal openings (85), the interior (82) of the needle spine assembly (76) and the distal opening (81). FIGS. 7G-7I show a second injection configuration in which a second liquid (254), rather than the first liquid (252), may be injected via the interior (82) and distal opening (81) of the needle spine assembly (76). As shown in FIG. 7I, the distal stopper member (36) prevents the flow of fluid (e.g., the flow of the second fluid (254)) into the intermediate opening (80).

[0076] 7A-7I show one embodiment of a prefilled dual chamber safety injection system (100) having a needle spine assembly (76) as shown in FIGS. 6E-6O at various steps of a method for continuous injection.

[0077] 7A-7C show the dual chamber safety injection system (100) in a first step of a method for continuous injection (side view, longitudinal section, detailed longitudinal section), where the system (100) is in a first injection configuration. In the first step shown in FIGS. 7A-7C, the needle cover member (63, see FIGS. 6A and 6B) has been removed, and the system (100) is ready for use. The distal chamber (42) may be optionally "bubble-depleted" by holding the syringe body in a substantially vertical position and manipulating the plunger member to insert the proximal stopper member distally relative to the syringe body. During bubble-depletion, air in the distal chamber (42) rises to the top of the distal chamber (42) where the small opening (80) is located, and thus exits the system (100) via the middle opening (80), the interior (82) of the needle spine assembly (76), and the distal opening (81).

[0078] 7C also shows that the distal stop member (36) includes a distal stop bushing (310) that defines a positioning funnel (314) for guiding the proximal end (84) of the needle proximal tip into a fixed position (within a space (316) at the tapered proximal end of the distal stop bushing (310)) during injection. In other embodiments, the positioning funnel (314) is configured to guide the proximal end (84) of the needle proximal tip into a fixed position during assembly of the dual chamber safety injection system (100). Further details regarding the positioning funnel (314) are described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 15 / 801,259.

[0079] 7D-7F show the dual chamber safety injection system (100) in a second step of the method for continuous injection (side view, longitudinal section, detailed longitudinal section), where the system (100) is in a first injection configuration. In the second step shown in FIG. 7D-7F, the proximal stopper member (32) is moved distally relative to the syringe body (34) by applying a distal force to the plunger member, as described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 15 / 801,259. The portion of the needle interface member (83) having the proximal opening (85) does not pass through the distal stopper member (36) into the proximal chamber (40), so that the proximal chamber (40) is a substantially closed chamber. Thus, the distal movement of the proximal stopper member (32) displaces the incompressible second liquid (254) in the proximal chamber (40) and the distal stopper member (36) the same distance distally. Distal movement of the distal stop member (36) increases the pressure in the distal chamber (42), thereby forcing a portion of the first liquid (252) out of the distal chamber (42) and out of the system (100) through the proximal opening (85) and / or intermediate opening (80), the interior (82) of the needle spine assembly (76), and the distal opening (81).

[0080] In some embodiments, the needle tip (48) and distal opening (81) are positioned (e.g., pierced) into the patient prior to applying a distal force to the plunger member to inject the first liquid (252) into the patient. A sharpened needle tip (48, see Figures 6M and 6N) facilitates such injection.

[0081] 7F shows that the proximal end (84) of the needle proximal tip is guided into position during injection through the middle of the distal stop member (36) by a positioning funnel (314) defined by the distal stop bushing (310). Further details regarding the positioning funnel (314) are described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 15 / 801,259.

[0082] 7G-7I show the dual chamber safety injection system (100) in a third step of the method for sequential injection (side view, longitudinal section, detailed longitudinal section) where the system (100) is at the end of a first injection configuration and at the beginning of a second injection configuration. In the third step shown in FIGS. 7G-7I, the distal stopper member (36) advances to the distal end of the syringe body (34), thereby collapsing the distal chamber (42, see FIGS. 7D-7F) and expelling substantially all of the first liquid (252, see FIGS. 7D-7F) previously contained therein. The distal stopper member (36) effectively blocks the intermediate opening (80) by isolating it from the second liquid (254) in the proximal chamber (40).

[0083] As shown in FIG. 7I, the portion of the needle interface member (83) having the proximal opening (85) has passed through the distal stopper member (36) into the proximal chamber (40). Thus, the proximal chamber (40) is no longer closed, since it is open through the proximal opening (85). This places the system (100) in a second injection configuration. The distance between the most distal proximal opening (85) and the distal end of the syringe body (34) is substantially equal to the length of the distal stopper member (36). Thus, when the distal stopper member (36) is inserted into the distal end of the syringe body (34), the proximal opening (85) is located within the proximal chamber (40).

[0084] Figures 7J-7L show the dual chamber safety injection system (100) in a fourth step of the method for continuous injection (side view, longitudinal section, detailed longitudinal section view) where the system (100) is at the end of the second injection configuration. In the fourth step shown in Figures 7J-7L, the proximal stop member (36) is advanced to its proximal end at the distal end of the syringe body (34), thereby collapsing the proximal chamber (40, see Figures 7G-7I) and expelling substantially all of the second liquid (254, see Figures 7G-7I) previously contained therein. At the completion of the fourth step shown in Figures 7J-7L, after an injection has been administered to the patient, as described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 15 / 801,259, the proximal end (84) has penetrated both the proximal and distal stop members (32, 36) and has engaged a coupling feature in the plunger rod for at least partially retracting the needle spine assembly (76) into the plunger rod. In some embodiments, the system (100) retracts the needle spine assembly (76) to a position where the distal tip (48) of the needle spine assembly is disposed within the syringe body (34).

[0085] Exemplary Prefilled Dual Chamber Continuous and Safe Infusion System Figures 8A-8C show two embodiments of a dual chamber safety injection system (800, 810). The first system (800) has a total injection volume of 1 mL. The second system (810) has a total injection volume of 3 mL. The first system (800) uses a long glass syringe (834) with a total volume of about 1 mL, as shown in Figure 8B. The proximal and distal chambers (840, 842) of the first system (800) each have a maximum capacity of about 0.5 mL.

[0086] The second system (810) uses a standard glass syringe (844) with a total volume of about 3 mL, as shown in Figure 8C. The proximal and distal chambers (850, 852) of the second system (810) each have a maximum capacity of about 1.5 mL.

[0087] 9A-9C show a prefilled dual chamber safety injection system (900) during various steps of a continuous injection according to one embodiment. In the continuous injection step shown in FIG. 9A, the system (900) is in the first injection configuration described above. In the first injection configuration, the proximal and distal stopper members (932, 936), the needle spine assembly (976) and the syringe body (934) are arranged such that the proximal opening (985) is located in the distal chamber (942) and the proximal chamber (940) is closed. Thus, the first liquid (952) in the distal chamber (942) can exit the system (900) via one of the two fluid paths (910, 912) that include the proximal opening (985) and the middle opening (980), respectively. In the first configuration, the second liquid (952) cannot exit the system (900). Instead, the incompressible second liquid (952) transmits the force applied to the proximal stop member (932) to the distal stop member (936).

[0088] 9B shows the system (900) in the second injection configuration described above, in which the distal stop member (936) is moved to the distal end of the syringe body (934), thereby collapsing the distal chamber (942, see FIG. 9A), and expelling substantially all of the first liquid (952, see FIG. 9A) from the system (900). In the second injection configuration, the proximal and distal stop members (932, 936), needle spine assembly (976) and syringe body (934) are positioned such that the proximal opening (985) is disposed within the proximal chamber (940), thereby opening the proximal chamber (940). Thus, the second liquid (954) within the proximal chamber (940) can exit the system (900) via the fluid pathway (910) that includes the proximal opening (985). In the second configuration, the distal stop member (936) substantially blocks the intermediate opening (980) by isolating the intermediate opening from the second liquid (954) in the proximal chamber (940).

[0089] 9C shows the system (900) after the proximal stop member (932) has been moved distally to a position where it abuts the proximal end of the distal stop member (936). This collapses the proximal chamber (940, see FIG. 9B) and expels substantially all of the second liquid (954, see FIG. 9B) from the system (900). After the first and second liquids (952, 954, see FIG. 9A) have been expelled from the system (900), a small further distal movement of the plunger member moves the needle spine assembly (976) distally, thereby releasing the needle latch and permitting proximal retraction of the needle (976) so that the distal tip (948) is disposed and protected within the syringe body (934). The release of the needle latch retraction of the needle (976) is further described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 15 / 801,259.

[0090] Figures 10A and 10B show a prefilled dual chamber safety injection system (1000) during various steps of a continuous injection according to another embodiment. The difference between the system (1000) shown in Figures 10A and 10B and the system (900) shown in Figures 9A-9C is that the needle spine assembly (1076) is sized and positioned relative to the proximal and distal stop members (1032, 1036) and the syringe body (1034) such that the proximal end (1084) of the needle (1076) is located within the distal chamber (1042) in the storage / transport configuration shown in Figure 10A. In this embodiment, a funnel guides the proximal end (1084) of the needle (1076) through the distal stop member (1036) as described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 15 / 801,259.

[0091] As shown in FIG. 10B, in the second injection configuration, the proximal opening (1085) is disposed within the proximal chamber (1040), thereby opening the proximal chamber (1040). The distance between the proximal opening (1085) and the distal end of the syringe body (1034) is approximately equal to the length of the distal stopper member (1036). Thus, when the distal stopper member (1036) is inserted into the distal end of the syringe body (1034), the proximal opening (1085) is disposed within the proximal chamber (1040). The use of a shorter needle spine assembly (1076) allows the needle spine assembly (1076) to be retracted into the shorter plunger member, as described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 15 / 801,259.

[0092] Exemplary Distal Bushing System with Detents in a Dual Chamber Safety Injection 11A and 11B show a prefilled dual chamber safety injection system (1100) according to some embodiments. This system (1100) differs from the other prefilled dual chamber safety injection systems described above in that the distal stopper member (1136) is not a continuous injection system, but a mixed injection system as described in U.S. Patent Application No. 15 / 801,259. In these systems, liquid is transferred from the proximal chamber (1140) to the distal chamber (1142) to rehydrate the lyophilized components (not shown) in the distal chamber (1142) before the rehydrated mixture is injected into the patient. Various features and advantages of such a system are described in U.S. Patent Application No. 15 / 801,259.

[0093] The system (1100) includes a stopper bushing (1110) having a detent (1112) disposed therein. The detent (1112) is configured to interact with a pointed proximal end (1184) of the needle spine assembly (1176) and a shoulder (1116) at the junction between the needle proximal end (1150) and the needle interface member (1183) to provide resistance to distal movement of the distal stopper member (1136) relative to the needle spine assembly (1176). The interaction between the detent (1112) and the proximal end (1184) maintains the distal stopper member (1136) in a usable position during storage and shipping, such as the configuration shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B. This interaction maintains the position of the distal stopper member (1136) even in the presence of a vacuum or partial vacuum (e.g., for lyophilized components) in the distal chamber (1142). Without detent 1112 and with a vacuum in distal chamber 1142, distal stop member 1136 would eventually move distally relative to needle spine assembly 1176, thereby becoming pierced, rendering the system unusable for continuous injection.

[0094] The interaction between the detent (1112) and the shoulder (1116) maintains the distal stop member (1136) in a transfer position during transfer of liquid from the proximal chamber (1140) to the distal chamber (1142). This interaction allows the user to apply a wider range of forces to the plunger member to transfer liquid while minimizing the risk of premature movement of the distal stop member (1136).

[0095] 12A-12C illustrate the interaction between the detent (1112) and the pointed proximal end (1184) of the needle spine assembly (1176) and the shoulder (1116) of the needle spine assembly (1176) in the prefilled dual chamber safety injection system (1100) shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B. As shown in FIG. 12A, the distal stop member (1136) includes a stop bushing (1110) having a detent (1112) and defining a positioning funnel (1114). In FIG. 12A, the positioning funnel (1114) guides the proximal end (1184) of the needle spine assembly (1176) to be positioned adjacent to the detent (1112).

[0096] FIG. 12B illustrates a storage / shipping configuration of the system (1100). In this configuration, the pointed proximal end (1184) of the needle spine assembly (1176) is disposed adjacent to and partially within the detent (1112). Various characteristics (e.g., geometry, material, etc.) of the proximal end (1184) and the detent (1112) can be altered to adjust the force required to push the proximal end (1184) past the detent (1112). These characteristics are described in more detail below. In one embodiment, the force required to push the proximal end (1184) past the detent (1112) is between about 2 pounds and about 5 pounds. As discussed above, even if a vacuum or partial vacuum in the distal chamber (1142) urges the distal stop member (1136) in a distal direction, the interaction between the proximal end (1184) and the detent (1112) prevents premature movement of the distal stop member (1136) relative to the needle spine assembly (1176). This allows the prefilled dual chamber system (1100) to be stored while minimizing the risk of premature movement of the distal stop member (1136), which could render the system (1100) unusable.

[0097] 12C illustrates the transfer configuration of the system (1100). In this configuration, the distal stop member (1136) is pushed distally past the pointed proximal end (1184) of the needle spine assembly (1176) by a user-applied force on the plunger member. The proximal opening (1185) is disposed within the proximal chamber (1140), thereby allowing liquid to be transferred from the proximal chamber (1140) to the distal chamber (1142). A vacuum within the distal chamber (1142) draws liquid from the proximal chamber (1140), while a user-generated force applied to the proximal stop member (1132) via the plunger member assists in the transfer of liquid. In this configuration, the shoulder (1116) of the needle spine assembly (1176) is disposed adjacent to the detent (1112). Various characteristics (e.g., geometry, material, etc.) of the shoulder (1116) and detent (1112) can be altered to adjust the force required to push the shoulder (1116) past the detent (1112). These characteristics are described in more detail below. In one embodiment, the force required to push the shoulder (1116) past the detent (1112) is about 2 pounds to about 5 pounds. The shoulder is formed at the junction between the needle proximal end (1150) and the needle interface member (1183). Due to the interaction between the shoulder (1116) and the detent (1112), pressure applied to the plunger member assists in the transfer of liquid from the proximal chamber (1140) to the distal chamber (1142) while the system (1100) is held in the transfer configuration shown in FIG. 12C. The force required to overcome the interference between shoulder 1116 and detent 1112 provides more freedom for the user to depress the plunger member to aid in liquid transfer, thereby increasing the likelihood of complete liquid transfer.

[0098] Figures 13A-13C show a stopper bushing (1110) for use with the prefilled dual chamber safety injection system (1100) shown in Figures 11A and 11B. The stopper bushing (1110) has a detent (1112) inserted into a slot in the bushing (1110) along an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the needle spine assembly. As shown in Figure 13C, the detent can be made of bent wire in a "U" shape.

[0099] 14A-14C show detents (1412, 1412') for use with the stop bushing of the prefilled dual chamber safety injection system according to various embodiments. The detents (1412, 1412') are formed from a sheet of metal material and therefore have a flattened cross section. The detents (1412, 1412') each have a "U" shape and include a notch (1418) configured to receive a rounded shape, such as a pointed proximal end and shoulder, of the needle spine assembly. The detent (1412') shown in FIG. 14B includes a chamfered / adjusted pass-through surface (1420) around the periphery of the notch (1418) of the detent (1412') adjacent the pointed proximal end of the needle spine assembly when in the storage / shipping configuration described above. The chamfered pass-through surface (1420) can be altered to adjust the amount of force required to pass through the detent (1412').

[0100] FIG. 14C shows the pointed proximal end (1484) of the needle spine assembly (1476) disposed within the notch (1418) of the detent (1412), such as when in a storage / shipping configuration.

[0101] In one embodiment, the resistance provided by the detent (1412) as it slides over the pointed proximal end (1484) of the needle spine assembly (1476) is variable. The detent (1412) resists passage by the proximal end (1484) during storage (e.g., several years). A user applies a preset amount of force, causing the proximal end (1484) to slide through the detent (1412). Thereafter, there is minimal resistance to movement of the detent (1412) through the detent (1410) until the detent (1412) reaches the shoulder (1116, see FIG. 12C). When the detent (1412) abuts the shoulder, the resistance increases to positively stop the progression of the detent (1412) (and the distal stop member) relative to the needle (1478). After the above-mentioned fluid transfer, the user applies another preset amount of force to push detent 1412 over the shoulder. After the shoulder is cleared, friction due to the interaction of detent 1412 with needle 1476 is minimized, facilitating injection and needle retraction.

[0102] The preset force magnitude can be adjusted to accommodate a combination of the system's functional requirements and the user's aesthetics. If the actuation force is too small, it may work, but the user may have difficulty applying the force lightly enough and may overdo it. If the force is too large, the user may find the system "too hard" to actuate. Fortunately, the preset force magnitude can be "tuned" within a given range by modifying the properties of the various components.

[0103] FIG. 15 shows a stress versus strain graph (1500) for the stainless steel from which the detents are made. The use of annealed stainless steel limits the gripping force of the detent after the proximal end or shoulder passes through it because the detent material sits on a flat yield plateau (1510) causing the detent to permanently "bend" or yield after it passes over the proximal end or shoulder. By selecting different materials, the resilience of the detent to the deformation required to clear the proximal end and / or shoulder can be altered, thereby adjusting the force required to push those components past the detent.

[0104] FIG. 16 illustrates the geometry of the proximal end (1684) of the needle spine assembly (1676) and its effect on the force required to push the proximal end (1684) past the detent. To fine-tune the resistance force passing over the arrowhead proximal end (1684) and over the shoulder (1716, see FIG. 17), the bevel angle on each can be adjusted individually as needed. Ignoring friction as an approximation, the effect of the bevel angle on the resistance force (X) is shown by the equation in FIG. 17. The tangent function can have values ​​from zero to a very large number, so theoretically, any force can be achieved. Adding friction adds even more force to the value calculated using the equation. Values ​​of approximately 30 degrees for the arrowhead proximal end (1684) and approximately 50 degrees for the shoulder (1716) provide a resistance force that most users find acceptable.

[0105] 18 and 19 show a solid needle proximal end (1850) for use with a dual chamber safety injection system according to some embodiments. The use of a solid proximal end simplifies and reduces the cost of manufacturing. The needle proximal end (1850) is formed from a solid metal stem with a shoulder and a longer needle interface member (1883). This eliminates the need to drill a side hole in the hollow stem and also eliminates the need to provide a plug at the point end. The solid needle proximal end (1850) design uses a longer needle interface member (1883) with a proximal opening (1885) near the proximal end (1884) to provide a liquid passage between the chambers. The weld between the needle interface member (1883) and the solid needle proximal end (1850) is smooth and rounded to minimize resistance to passage of the detent (1812) (see FIG. 19). Needle interface member (1883) is formed with a wide groove (1822) for capturing detent (1812) and holding the distal stopper member in the correct position for fluid transfer to the transfer configuration.

[0106] Threaded plunger member Dual chamber safety injection systems are known, but users must exercise extreme caution when applying distal force to the plunger member to move the proximal stopper member distally to transfer fluid from the proximal chamber to the distal chamber. Applying too little or too much distal force to the plunger member can result in incomplete transfer of fluid from the proximal chamber to the distal chamber. Applying too much force to the plunger member can cause the distal stopper member to move too far distally, thereby blocking the fluid transfer opening and rendering the system unusable. Applying too little force to the plunger member can result in incomplete transfer of fluid until more force is applied, at which point the distal stopper member can move too far distally, blocking the fluid transfer opening and rendering the system unusable. The threaded plunger member embodiments described herein address the above issues. By addressing these issues, the dual chamber safety injection system becomes more user friendly and allows for accurate and safe delivery of mixed injectates.

[0107] FIG 20 illustrates a dual chamber safety injection system (2000) according to some embodiments. The system (2000) includes a threaded plunger member (2002), a threaded flange (2004), a slotted needle proximal opening (2006), and a two-position shieldable and ventable needle cover (2008). The system (2000) illustrated in FIG 20 is in a shipping configuration prior to use. In the shipping configuration, the shieldable and ventable needle cover (2008) is in a sealed configuration (described below).

[0108] FIG. 21 illustrates the dual chamber safety injection system (2000) shown in FIG. 20 in a fluid transfer configuration. In the fluid transfer configuration, the shielded and ventable needle cover (2008) is pulled distally onto the needle hub (2009), transitioning the shielded and ventable needle cover (2008) to a vented configuration (described below). The plunger member (2002) is then rotated relative to the syringe body in a clockwise direction (2010), causing the plunger member (2002) and the proximal and distal stop members (via threaded interaction with the finger flanges (2004)) to controllably move distally relative to the syringe body. Moving the distal stop member distally a controlled amount allows the proximal end of the needle to penetrate the distal stop member. This positions the proximal needle opening within the proximal chamber, allowing fluid transfer from the proximal chamber to the distal chamber, where it will mix with the injectant contained within the distal chamber.

[0109] FIG. 22 shows in detail the threaded plunger member (2002) and finger flange (2004) of the dual chamber safety injection system (2000) shown in FIG. 20. The thread (2012) of the threaded plunger member (2002) has a relatively large helical thread pitch to allow a larger amount of axial movement of the plunger member (2002) per revolution of the plunger member (2002). The thread pitch may be between 5 mm and 25 mm. Preferably, the thread pitch is 8.5 mm. The thread (2012) may form a single helix or a multiple helix. The multiple helix may be a double helix, a triple helix, a quadruple helix, etc. Preferably, the thread (2012) is a double helix.

[0110] 23 shows in detail the finger flange (2004) and its threads which correspond to the threads (2012) of the plunger member (2002) (see FIG. 22). One wall (2014) of the threads of the finger flange (2004) is removed to facilitate a transition between rotation of the plunger member (2002) to thread the proximal end of the needle through the distal stop member and / or transfer fluid from the proximal chamber to the distal chamber, and application of a distal force to the plunger member (2002) to complete the fluid transfer and / or eject / inject mixed fluid from the distal chamber.

[0111] FIG. 24 shows the dual chamber safety injection system (2000) shown in FIG. 20 at a later stage of the fluid transfer configuration compared to FIG. 34. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 24, the fluid transfer is still incomplete because there is still space between the proximal and distal stoppers (and therefore still fluid in the proximal chamber). However, the threaded surface of the plunger member (2002) is far enough distal to the finger flange (2004). Thus, in this embodiment, rotation of the plunger member achieves only the penetration of the proximal end of the needle through the distal stopper. To complete the fluid transfer, a distal force (2016) must be applied to the plunger member (2002). In other embodiments, the plunger member (2002) is provided with a threaded surface such that rotation of the plunger member (2002) can complete the fluid transfer.

[0112] Figure 25 details the proximal opening (2006) of the needle of the dual chamber safety injection system (2000) shown in Figure 20. The proximal opening (2006) is a slot that maintains an open fluid path between the proximal and distal chambers even when the proximal and distal stop members approach and contact one another terminating fluid transfer.

[0113] Figure 26 shows a detailed view of the needle of the dual chamber safety injection system (2000) shown in Figure 20. The slotted proximal opening (2006) is visible in Figure 26.

[0114] FIG. 27 shows in more detail the proximal end of the needle of the dual chamber safety injection system (2000) shown in FIG. 20. Both the slotted proximal opening (2006) and the intermediate opening (2018) can be seen in FIG. 27. The size of the slotted proximal opening (2006) prevents excessive pressure from building up in the proximal chamber that might otherwise move the distal stopper member in a distal direction too early. In fact, with a sufficiently long slotted proximal opening (2006), the proximal and distal ends of the slotted proximal opening (2006) can form a fluid path around the proximal stopper member in addition to the fluid path that includes the intermediate opening (2018). Alternatively or additionally, the intermediate opening (2018) can also be a slot.

[0115] Figure 28 shows the dual chamber safety injection system (2000) shown in Figure 20 in a mixing configuration. The proximal and distal stop members come together to terminate fluid transfer. Once fluid has been transferred from the proximal to the distal chamber, the system (2000) can be agitated (e.g., by shaking) to mix the infusate in the distal chamber. A shielded and vented needle cover (2008) is used to protect the needle and the user during mixing agitation.

[0116] Figure 29 shows the removal of the needle cover (2008) by unscrewing (2020) to allow the dual chamber safety injection system (2000) to be injected.

[0117] Shielded and ventilated needle covers In the case of a pre-attached needle, without a ventable needle cover, the movement of fluid from the proximal chamber to the distal chamber can cause pressure to build up in the distal chamber. The increased pressure in the distal chamber can cause backflow from the distal chamber to the proximal chamber, which can lead to an inaccurate ratio of infusates in the proximal and distal chambers after mixing. Again, the user must be careful to overcome the pressure that builds up in the distal chamber by applying a constant distal force to the plunger member. Even if the user applies such force, the increased pressure in the distal chamber can cause premature expulsion of some of the mixed infusates when the needle cover is eventually removed. The shielding and ventable needle cover embodiments described herein address the issues discussed above. Addressing these issues makes the dual chamber safety injection system more user friendly and allows for accurate and safe delivery of mixed infusates.

[0118] Figure 30 illustrates a shielded and ventable needle cover (2008) for use with the dual chamber safety injection system (2000) shown in Figure 20 in a sealed configuration. The needle cover (2008) includes an adapter (2022) having multiple (e.g., three) flexible fingers (2024). Figure 30 illustrates the hub (2026) of the needle assembly on the syringe, which interacts with various components of the needle cover (2008) as described below.

[0119] Figure 31 shows the shieldable and ventable needle cover (2008) shown in Figure 30 removed from the hub (2026) and illustrates various components of the needle cover (2008) and the hub (2026). The needle cover (2008) includes a plurality of flexible fingers (2024) and a threaded inner surface (2028). The hub (2026) includes a threaded outer surface (2030) configured to correspond to and interact with the threaded inner surface (2028) of the needle cover (2008).

[0120] Figure 32 is a cross-sectional view of the shielded and ventable needle cover (2008) shown in Figure 30 in a sealed configuration. In the sealed configuration, the distal end (2032) of the needle is occluded by the inner material of the needle cover (2008).

[0121] Figure 33 is a cross-sectional view of the needle cover (2008) in the shielding and venting configuration shown in Figure 32. As described above, pulling (2009) the needle cover (2008) distally transitions the needle cover (2008) from the sealing configuration to the venting configuration. Moving the needle cover (2008) distally on the hub (2026) moves the flexible fingers (2024) into engagement with the threaded exterior surface (2030) of the hub (2026). The needle cover (2008) also includes a proximal flange (2034). The interaction between the flexible fingers (2024), the proximal flange (2034), and the threaded exterior surface (2030) prevents further distal pulling (or pushing) of the needle cover (2008) along the longitudinal axis of the system (2000). This locks the needle cover (2008) into a vented configuration, in which the distal end (2032) of the needle is unobstructed and fluid (i.e., gas) can exit the needle distal end (2032) and out of the needle cover (2008). In this configuration, the needle remains covered or shielded from the user, but the vented needle cover (2008) can reduce the pressure in the distal chamber by venting fluid (i.e., gas) from the distal chamber. Shielding the needle can cover the sharp needle tip and prevent needle stick injuries to the user during mixing and shaking of the dual chamber syringe. After mixing, the needle cover (2008) can be removed from the hub (2026) by rotating (2020) the needle cover (2008) relative to the hub (2026), as shown in FIG. 29.

[0122] FIG. 34 illustrates a shielded and vented needle cover 2008' and hub 2026' according to another embodiment. The needle cover 2008' has a threaded inner surface 2028'. The hub 2026' includes a threaded outer surface 2030' configured to correspond to and interact with the threaded inner surface 2028' of the needle cover 2008'. The needle cover 2008' and hub 2026' are configured such that the needle cover transitions from a sealed configuration to a vented configuration upon rotation of the needle cover 2008' relative to the hub 2026'. The hub 2026' also includes an interference member 2036 that forms a connection between the needle cover 2008' and the hub 2026' in the vented configuration. However, it is possible to remove needle cover 2008' from hub 2026' by overcoming the interference fit between interference member 2036 and needle cover 2008'.

[0123] Although the prefill dual chamber safety injection system described and illustrated herein includes a syringe with a staked needle, the various configurations / embodiments described herein (e.g., continuous injection, detent dual chamber, threaded plunger member, and shielded and ventable needle cover) can be used with cartridges and autoinjectors, as well as needleless injection systems having luer connectors and transfer piping, such as those described in U.S. Patent Application Nos. 15 / 801,281 and 15 / 801,259.

[0124] Various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are described herein. These examples are referred to in a non-limiting sense. They are provided to illustrate the more broadly applicable features of the present disclosure. Various changes can be made to the described disclosure and equivalents can be substituted without departing from the true spirit and scope of the present disclosure. In addition, many modifications can be made to adapt a particular situation, material, composition of matter, process, process act or step to the objective, spirit or scope of the present disclosure. Moreover, as will be understood by those skilled in the art, each of the individual variations described and exemplified herein has individual components and features that can be easily separated from or combined with the features of any of the other several embodiments without departing from the scope or spirit of the present disclosure. All such modifications are intended to be within the scope of the claims associated with the present disclosure.

[0125] Any of the described devices for performing a subject diagnostic or interventional procedure may be provided in a packaged combination for use in performing such an intervention, and these supply "kits" may further include instructions for use and be packaged in a sterile tray or container as commonly employed for such purposes.

[0126] The present disclosure includes methods that may be performed with the subject devices. The methods may include the act of providing such a suitable device. Such providing may be performed by an end user. That is, the act of "providing" merely requires the end user to obtain, access, approach, place, set up, activate, power on, or take other actions to provide the required device in the subject method. Methods described herein may carry out the recited events in any order that is logically possible or in the sequence of events recited.

[0127] Exemplary features of the present disclosure, together with details regarding material selection and manufacture, are described above. As for other details of the present disclosure, they may be understood in conjunction with the patents and publications cited above, as well as generally known or understood by those skilled in the art. For example, those skilled in the art will understand that one or more lubricious coatings (e.g., hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone-based compositions, fluoropolymers such as tetrafluoroethylene, PTFE, ETFE, hydrophilic gels, or silicones) may be used in conjunction with various parts of the device, such as relatively large interfaces of movably connected parts, as needed, to facilitate, for example, low-friction manipulation or advancement of such objects relative to other parts of the instrument or nearby tissue structures. The same will be true for method-based features of the present disclosure with respect to additional actions commonly or logically taken.

[0128] Furthermore, the present disclosure has been described with reference to several examples that optionally incorporate various features, but is not limited to those described or disclosed as contemplated for each variation of the present disclosure. Various modifications can be made to the described disclosure, and equivalents (whether described herein or not included for brevity) can be substituted without departing from the true spirit and scope of the disclosure. Furthermore, when a range of values ​​is provided, it is understood that all intervening values ​​between the upper and lower limits of the range, as well as other stated or intervening values ​​within the stated range, are encompassed within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0129] It is also contemplated that any feature of the described inventive variation may be described and claimed independently or in combination with any one or more of the features described herein. Reference to a singular item includes the possibility of a plurality of the same items. More specifically, as used in this specification and the claims related thereto, the singular forms "a," "an," "said," and "the" include plural referents unless otherwise indicated. In other words, the use of articles allows for "at least one" of the subject items in the above description, as well as the claims related to this disclosure. It is noted that such claims may be drafted to exclude any element. Thus, this statement is intended to function as a prior statement using exclusive terms such as "solely," "only," and the like in connection with the recitation of claim elements, or a prior statement to use a "negative" limitation.

[0130] Without using such exclusive terms, the term "comprising" in any claim relating to this disclosure shall be construed as allowing for the inclusion of any additional elements, regardless of whether a given number of elements are recited in such claim or whether the addition of features would be considered to change the nature of the elements recited in such claim. Except as specifically defined herein, all technical and scientific terms used herein shall be given the broadest possible and commonly understood meaning while maintaining the validity of the claims.

[0131] The breadth of the present disclosure is not intended to be limited by the examples and / or subject matter provided, but rather is intended to be limited only by the scope of the language of the claims associated with this disclosure.

Claims

1. 1. A system for continuously injecting a liquid, comprising: a syringe body defining a syringe proximal opening and a distal needle interface at a distal end; a proximal stop member and a distal stop member disposed on the syringe body, the proximal stop member and the distal stop member forming a proximal chamber therebetween and a distal stop member and a distal chamber between the distal stop member and a distal end of the syringe body; a first liquid in the distal chamber; a second liquid in the proximal chamber; and a plunger member defining a plunger interior and configured to be manually manipulated to insert the proximal stop member distally relative to the syringe body, a needle retaining feature disposed within the plunger; an energy storage member disposed within the plunger; a plunger member including an energy storage member and a latch member disposed within the plunger; a needle hub assembly coupled to a distal needle interface of the syringe body, a needle having a needle proximal end feature; Hub and a needle latch member configured to couple the needle to the hub, manipulating the plunger member to insert the proximal stopper member distally relative to the syringe body to first expel the first liquid from the distal chamber through the needle and then sequentially expel the second liquid from the proximal chamber through the needle; 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the energy storage member latch member is transformed from a latched state to an unlatched state in response to relative manipulation of the plunger member with respect to the syringe body, thereby allowing the needle to be at least partially retracted within the plunger.

2. 2. The system of claim 1, A system, wherein the first and second sizes of the distal and proximal chambers, respectively, can be varied by relative movement of the proximal and distal stop members with respect to the syringe body.

3. 2. The system of claim 1, The system, characterized in that the needle defines a needle interior, a distal opening, an intermediate opening, and a proximal opening, the distal opening, the intermediate opening, and the proximal opening being fluidly coupled via the needle interior.

4. 4. The system of claim 3, a distance between the proximal opening and the distal end of the syringe body is approximately equal to a length of the distal stop member, and when the distal stop member is inserted into the distal end of the syringe body, the proximal stop member is inserted distally relative to the needle to position the proximal opening in the proximal chamber.

5. 4. The system of claim 3, The system, characterized in that the proximal and distal stopper members and the syringe body are configured such that a distal force applied to the proximal stopper member is transmitted to the distal stopper member via the second liquid until the proximal stopper member is inserted distally relative to the needle and the proximal opening is positioned in the proximal chamber.

6. 4. The system of claim 3, The system is a first injection arrangement, the proximal opening being disposed within the distal chamber; and a second injection configuration, wherein the proximal opening is disposed within the proximal chamber, whereby the second liquid is transferred from the proximal chamber, through the proximal opening and the interior of the needle and out the distal end opening.

7. 7. The system of claim 6, The system, wherein the distal stop member blocks the intermediate opening when the system is in the second injection configuration.

8. 2. The system of claim 1, The system is configured such that the needle is retracted at least completely through the distal stop member and at least partially within the plunger.

9. 2. The system of claim 1, The system, characterized in that the proximal and distal stop members include first and second polymer coatings, respectively, on their respective distal and proximal surfaces, and the proximal chamber is defined by the syringe body and the first and second polymer coatings.

10. 2. The system of claim 1, The system, wherein the distal stop member has a proximally tapered funnel and a space disposed at the tapered proximal end of the funnel.

11. 11. The system of claim 10, the funnel is configured to guide the needle proximal end feature into a space at a tapered proximal end of the funnel, thereby aligning the needle proximal end feature with a needle retaining feature inside the plunger.

12. 12. The system of claim 11, The funnel is configured to align the needle proximal end feature with a needle retaining feature inside the plunger during assembly of the system.

13. 12. The system of claim 11, the funnel is configured to align the needle proximal end feature with a needle retaining feature within the plunger during manipulation of the plunger member to insert the proximal stopper member distally relative to the syringe body.

14. 2. The system of claim 1, the energy storage member latch member is configured to transform from a latched state to an unlatched state to retract the needle at least partially within the plunger after the second liquid is expelled from the proximal chamber through the needle.

15. 2. The system of claim 1, the needle retaining feature configured to actuate a transformation of the energy storage member latch member from a latched state to an unlatched state in response to manipulation of the plunger member to insert the proximal stop member into the distal end of the syringe body.

16. 2. The system of claim 1, The system wherein the needle includes a transfer pipe having a transfer pipe proximal end and a transfer pipe distal end.

17. 1. A method of sequentially infusing a first fluid and a second fluid into a patient, comprising: Providing a system, said system comprising: a syringe body defining a syringe proximal opening and a distal end; a proximal stopper member and a distal stopper member disposed on the syringe body, the proximal stopper member and the distal stopper member forming a proximal chamber containing the second liquid therebetween, and a distal stopper member and a distal end of the syringe body forming a distal chamber containing the first liquid therebetween; a plunger member defining a plunger interior and configured to be manually manipulated to insert the proximal stop member distally relative to the syringe body; a needle having a needle interior, a distal end opening, an intermediate opening, and a proximal opening, the distal end opening, the intermediate opening, and the proximal opening being fluidly coupled through the needle interior; advancing the plunger member to expel the first liquid from the distal chamber through the needle interior and the distal end opening; further advancing the plunger member to expel the second liquid from the proximal chamber through the proximal opening, the needle interior and the distal opening; and automatically retracting the distal needle tip into the needle hub or the syringe body when the first and second liquids are injected into a patient.

18. 18. The method of claim 17, 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising the step of inserting a distal end of the needle into a patient prior to advancing the plunger member to expel the first liquid from the distal chamber, thereby positioning the distal end opening of the needle in the patient prior to expelling the first liquid.

19. 20. The method of claim 18, The method further comprising the step of removing air from the distal chamber prior to inserting the distal end of the needle into a patient.

20. 20. The method of claim 19, Removing air from the distal chamber comprises: holding the syringe body in a substantially vertical position; and manipulating the plunger member to distally insert the proximal stop member relative to the syringe body.

21. 18. The method of claim 17, and advancing the plunger member to insert the proximal stopper member distally relative to the syringe body, thereby exerting a distal force through the second liquid to insert the distal stopper member distally relative to the syringe body, thereby expelling the first liquid from the distal chamber through the needle interior and the distal end opening.

22. 18. The method of claim 17, The system further comprises: a first injection arrangement, the proximal opening being disposed in the distal chamber; a second injection arrangement, the proximal opening being disposed in the proximal chamber thereby allowing the second liquid to be transferred from the proximal chamber through the proximal opening and the needle interior and out of the distal end opening; the system is in the first injection configuration when the plunger member advances to expel the first liquid from the distal chamber through the needle interior and the distal end opening; the system is in the second injection configuration when the plunger member is further advanced to expel the second liquid from the proximal chamber through the proximal opening, the needle interior and the distal end opening.

23. 23. The method of claim 22, the distal stop member occluding the intermediate opening when the system is in the second injection configuration.

24. 18. The method of claim 17, passing the needle at least completely through the distal stop member; and retracting the needle at least partially within the plunger.

25. 18. The method of claim 17, The method, wherein the needle comprises a transfer pipe having a transfer pipe proximal end and a transfer pipe distal end.

26. 18. The method of claim 17, The distal stop member is a proximally tapering funnel; a space disposed at a tapered proximal end of the funnel; The method further comprises the step of the funnel directing the needle into a space at a tapered proximal end of the funnel, thereby aligning a needle proximal end feature with a needle retaining feature within the plunger.

27. 18. The method of claim 17, the needle further comprises a needle proximal end feature, the distal stop member having a detent; The method further comprises the step of the detent resisting passage of the needle proximal end feature.

28. 28. The method of claim 27, advancing the plunger member to expel the first liquid from the distal chamber through the needle interior and distal end opening comprises exerting a distal force on the plunger member to overcome resistance to passage of the needle proximal end feature through the detent.

29. 29. The method of claim 28, The method, wherein the distal force is from about 2 pounds to about 5 pounds.

30. 18. The method of claim 17, the needle further having a shoulder and the distal stop member having a detent; The method further includes the step of the detent resisting passage of the shoulder.

31. 31. The method of claim 30, further advancing the plunger member to expel the second liquid from the proximal chamber through the proximal opening, the needle interior, and the distal opening includes exerting a distal force on the plunger member to overcome resistance to the shoulder passing through the detent.

32. 32. The method of claim 31 , The method, wherein the distal force is from about 2 pounds to about 5 pounds.

33. 18. The method of claim 17, the needle further comprising a groove and the distal stop member comprising a detent; The method further comprises the step of the detent resisting passage through the groove.

34. 34. The method of claim 33, further advancing the plunger member to expel the second liquid from the proximal chamber through the proximal opening, the needle interior, and the distal opening includes exerting a distal force on the plunger member to overcome resistance to the groove passing through the detent.

35. 35. The method of claim 34, The method, wherein the distal force is from about 2 pounds to about 5 pounds.

36. 2. The system of claim 1, The system, wherein the distal stop member has a detent that resists passage of the needle proximal end feature.

37. 37. The system of claim 36, the detent is configured such that a distal force of about 2 pounds to about 5 pounds applied to the plunger member overcomes resistance to passage of the needle proximal end feature.

38. 38. The system of claim 37, The system wherein the detents are modifiable to adjust the distal force required to overcome resistance.

39. 37. The system of claim 36, The system wherein the detent has a "U" shape.

40. 37. The system of claim 36, The system wherein the detent comprises a bent wire.

41. 37. The system of claim 36, The detent has a flattened cross section.

42. 37. The system of claim 36, The detent has a needle proximal end feature receiving feature.

43. 43. The system of claim 42, The needle proximal end feature receiving feature has a chamfered surface.

44. 37. The system of claim 36, The system, wherein the detent comprises an annealed stainless steel alloy.

45. 37. The system of claim 36, The system, wherein the needle proximal end feature has an angle of approximately 30 degrees.

46. 37. The system of claim 36, The system wherein the needle has a shoulder to resist passage of the needle through the detent.

47. 47. The system of claim 46, the shoulder and the detent are configured such that a distal force of about 2 pounds to about 5 pounds applied to the plunger member overcomes resistance to the shoulder passing through the detent.

48. 48. The system of claim 47, The system wherein the detents are modifiable to adjust the distal force required to overcome resistance.

49. 47. The system of claim 46, The system wherein the shoulder has an angle of approximately 50 degrees.

50. 37. The system of claim 36, The system wherein the needle has a groove to resist passage of the needle through the detent.

51. 51. The system of claim 50, the groove and the detent are configured such that a distal force of about 2 pounds to about 5 pounds applied to the plunger member overcomes resistance to the groove passing through the detent.

52. 52. The system of claim 51, The system wherein the detents are modifiable to adjust the distal force required to overcome resistance.

53. 1. A system for continuously injecting a liquid, comprising: a syringe body defining a syringe proximal opening and a distal interface at a distal end; a proximal stop member and a distal stop member disposed on the syringe body, the proximal stop member and the distal stop member forming a proximal chamber therebetween and a distal stop member and a distal chamber between the distal stop member and a distal end of the syringe body; a first liquid in the distal chamber; a second liquid in the proximal chamber; and a plunger member configured to be manually manipulated to insert the proximal stopper member distally into the syringe body; a hub assembly coupled to a distal interface of the syringe body, a transfer pipe having a transfer pipe proximal end and a transfer pipe distal end; Hub and a hub assembly including a connector fluidly coupled to the transfer pipe distal end; A system comprising: a plunger member that is operated to insert the proximal stopper member distally relative to the syringe body, thereby first discharging the first liquid from the distal chamber through the transfer pipe, and then sequentially discharging the second liquid from the proximal chamber through the transfer pipe.

54. 54. The system of claim 53, A system, wherein the first and second sizes of the distal and proximal chambers, respectively, can be varied by relative movement of the proximal and distal stop members with respect to the syringe body.

55. 54. The system of claim 53, The system, characterized in that the transfer pipe defines a transfer pipe interior, a distal end opening at a transfer pipe distal end, an intermediate opening, and a proximal opening, the distal end opening, the intermediate opening, and the proximal opening being fluidly coupled via the transfer pipe interior.

56. 56. The system of claim 55, The system is characterized in that a distance between the proximal opening and the distal end of the syringe body is approximately equal to a length of the distal stopper member, and when the distal stopper member is inserted into the distal end of the syringe body, the proximal stopper member is inserted distally relative to the transfer pipe such that the proximal opening is positioned in the proximal chamber.

57. 56. The system of claim 55, A system characterized in that the proximal stopper member and the distal stopper member and the syringe body are configured such that a distal force applied to the proximal stopper member is transmitted to the distal stopper member via the second liquid until the proximal stopper member is inserted distally relative to the transfer pipe and the proximal opening is positioned in the proximal chamber.

58. 56. The system of claim 55, The system is a first injection arrangement, the proximal opening being disposed within the distal chamber; and a second injection configuration, wherein the proximal opening is disposed within the proximal chamber, whereby the second liquid is transferred from the proximal chamber through the proximal opening and inside the transfer pipe and out the distal end opening.

59. 59. The system of claim 58, The system, wherein the distal stop member blocks the intermediate opening when the system is in the second injection configuration.

60. 54. The system of claim 53, The system, characterized in that the proximal and distal stop members include first and second polymer coatings, respectively, on their respective distal and proximal surfaces, and the proximal chamber is defined by the syringe body and the first and second polymer coatings.

61. 54. The system of claim 53, The system, wherein the distal stop member has a proximally tapered funnel and a space disposed at the tapered proximal end of the funnel.

62. 62. The system of claim 61, The system, characterized in that the funnel is configured to guide the transfer pipe proximal end into a space at the tapered proximal end of the funnel, thereby aligning the transfer pipe with the distal stop member.

63. 63. The system of claim 62, The system, wherein the funnel is configured to align the transfer pipe with the distal stop member during assembly of the system.

64. 63. The system of claim 62, the funnel configured to align the transfer pipe with the distal stop member during manipulation of the plunger member to insert the proximal stop member distally relative to the syringe body.

65. 54. The system of claim 53, The system of claim 1, wherein the distal stop member has a detent that resists passage of the proximal end of the transfer pipe.

66. 66. The system of claim 65, The system, wherein the detent is configured such that a distal force of about 2 pounds to about 5 pounds applied to the plunger member overcomes resistance to passage of the transfer pipe proximal end therethrough.

67. 67. The system of claim 66, The system wherein the detents are modifiable to adjust the distal force required to overcome resistance.

68. 66. The system of claim 65, The system wherein the detent has a "U" shape.

69. 66. The system of claim 65, The system wherein the detent comprises a bent wire.

70. 66. The system of claim 65, The detent has a flattened cross section.

71. 66. The system of claim 65, The system wherein the detent includes a transfer pipe proximal end receiving feature.

72. 72. The system of claim 71, The system, wherein the transfer pipe proximal end receiving feature has a chamfered surface.

73. 66. The system of claim 65, The system, wherein the detent comprises an annealed stainless steel alloy.

74. 66. The system of claim 65, The system, wherein the transfer pipe proximal end includes a transfer pipe proximal end feature having an angle of approximately 30 degrees.

75. 66. The system of claim 65, The system according to claim 1, wherein the transfer pipe has a shoulder to resist passage of the transfer pipe through the detent.

76. 76. The system of claim 75, the shoulder and the detent are configured such that a distal force of about 2 pounds to about 5 pounds applied to the plunger member overcomes resistance to the shoulder passing through the detent.

77. 77. The system of claim 76, The system wherein the detents are modifiable to adjust the distal force required to overcome resistance.

78. 76. The system of claim 75, The system wherein the shoulder has an angle of approximately 50 degrees.

79. 66. The system of claim 65, The system further characterized in that the transfer pipe has grooves to resist passage of the transfer pipe through the detent.

80. 80. The system of claim 79, the groove and the detent are configured such that a distal force of about 2 pounds to about 5 pounds applied to the plunger member overcomes resistance to the groove passing through the detent.

81. 81. The system of claim 80, The system wherein the detents are modifiable to adjust the distal force required to overcome resistance.

82. 1. A method for sequentially injecting a first liquid and a second liquid, comprising: Providing a system, said system comprising: a syringe body defining a syringe proximal opening and a distal end; a proximal stopper member and a distal stopper member disposed on the syringe body, the proximal stopper member and the distal stopper member forming a proximal chamber containing the second liquid therebetween, and a distal stopper member and a distal end of the syringe body forming a distal chamber containing the first liquid therebetween; a plunger member defining a plunger interior and configured to be manually manipulated to insert the proximal stop member distally relative to the syringe body; a transfer pipe having a transfer pipe interior, a distal end opening, an intermediate opening, and a proximal opening, the distal end opening, the intermediate opening, and the proximal opening being fluidly coupled via the transfer pipe interior; a connector fluidly coupled to the interior of the transfer pipe; advancing the plunger member to expel the first liquid from the distal chamber through the transfer pipe interior and the distal end opening; and further advancing the plunger member to expel the second liquid from the proximal chamber through the proximal opening, the interior of the transfer pipe and the distal end opening.

83. 83. The method of claim 82, the method further comprising the step of connecting the coupling member to an IV bag prior to advancing the plunger member to expel the first liquid from the distal chamber, thereby fluidly coupling the transfer pipe interior with the IV bag prior to expelling the first liquid.

84. 84. The method of claim 83, The method, further comprising the step of removing air from the distal chamber prior to connecting the coupling member to the IV bag.

85. 85. The method of claim 84, Removing air from the distal chamber comprises: holding the syringe body in a substantially vertical position; and manipulating the plunger member to distally insert the proximal stop member relative to the syringe body.

86. 83. The method of claim 82, and advancing the plunger member to insert the proximal stopper member distally relative to the syringe body, thereby exerting a distal force through the second liquid to insert the distal stopper member distally relative to the syringe body, thereby expelling the first liquid from the distal chamber through the interior of the transfer pipe and the distal end opening.

87. 83. The method of claim 82, The system further comprises: a first injection arrangement, the proximal opening being disposed in the distal chamber; a second injection arrangement, the proximal opening being disposed in the proximal chamber, thereby allowing the second liquid to be transferred from the proximal chamber through the proximal opening and the interior of the transfer pipe and out of the distal end opening; the system is in the first injection configuration when the plunger member advances to expel the first liquid from the distal chamber through the transfer pipe interior and the distal end opening; The system is in the second injection configuration when the plunger member advances further to expel the second liquid from the proximal chamber through the proximal opening, the interior of the transfer pipe and the distal end opening.

88. 88. The method of claim 87, the distal stop member occluding the intermediate opening when the system is in the second injection configuration.

89. 83. The method of claim 82, The distal stop member is a proximally tapering funnel; a space disposed at a tapered proximal end of the funnel; The method further comprises the step of guiding a transfer pipe proximal end into a space at the tapered proximal end of the funnel, thereby aligning the transfer pipe proximal end with the distal stop member.

90. 83. The method of claim 82, the transfer pipe further comprises a transfer pipe proximal end, the distal stop member having a detent; The method further comprising the step of the detent resisting passage of the transfer pipe proximal end.

91. 91. The method of claim 90, advancing the plunger member to expel the first liquid from the distal chamber through the transfer pipe interior and the distal end opening includes exerting a distal force on the plunger member to overcome resistance to the transfer pipe proximal end passing through the detent.

92. 92. The method of claim 91 , The method, wherein the distal force is from about 2 pounds to about 5 pounds.

93. 83. The method of claim 82, the transfer pipe further comprises a shoulder and the distal stop member comprises a detent; The method further includes the step of the detent resisting passage of the shoulder.

94. 94. The method of claim 93, further advancing the plunger member to expel the second liquid from the proximal chamber through the proximal opening, the transfer pipe interior, and the distal end opening includes exerting a distal force on the plunger member to overcome resistance to the shoulder passing through the detent.

95. 95. The method of claim 94, The method, wherein the distal force is from about 2 pounds to about 5 pounds.

96. 83. The method of claim 82, the transfer pipe further comprises a groove and the distal stop member comprises a detent; The method further comprises the step of the detent resisting passage through the groove.

97. 97. The method of claim 96, further advancing the plunger member to expel the second liquid from the proximal chamber through the proximal opening, the transfer pipe interior, and the distal end opening includes exerting a distal force on the plunger member to overcome resistance to the groove passing through the detent.

98. 98. The method of claim 97, The method, wherein the distal force is from about 2 pounds to about 5 pounds.

99. 1. A system for mixing and injecting pharmaceutical products, comprising: a syringe body defining a syringe proximal opening and a distal needle interface at a distal end; a proximal stop member and a distal stop member disposed on the syringe body, the proximal stop member and the distal stop member forming a proximal chamber therebetween and a distal stop member and a distal chamber between the distal stop member and a distal end of the syringe body; a plunger member defining a plunger interior and configured to be manually manipulated to insert the proximal stop member distally relative to the syringe body, a needle retaining feature disposed within the plunger; an energy storage member disposed within the plunger; a plunger member including an energy storage member and a latch member disposed within the plunger; a needle hub assembly coupled to a distal needle interface of the syringe body, a needle having a needle proximal end feature; Hub and a needle latch member configured to couple the needle to the hub, the distal stop member includes a detent that resists passage of the needle proximal end feature; 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the energy storage member latch member is transformed from a latched state to an unlatched state in response to relative manipulation of the plunger member with respect to the syringe body, thereby allowing the needle to be at least partially retracted within the plunger.

100. 100. The system of claim 99, The system wherein the distal chamber has a vacuum therein.

101. 1. A system for mixing and injecting pharmaceutical products, comprising: a syringe body defining a proximal opening at a proximal end and a distal needle interface at a distal end; a proximal stop member and a distal stop member disposed on the syringe body, the proximal stop member and the distal stop member forming a proximal medicament chamber therebetween, and a distal stop member and a distal stop member and a distal end of the syringe body forming a distal medicament chamber therebetween; a plunger member defining a plunger interior and configured to be manually manipulated to insert the proximal stopper member into the syringe body; a needle hub assembly coupled to a distal needle interface of the syringe body, a needle having a needle proximal end feature and a sharp needle distal end; a needle hub assembly including a hub; a needle cover having a threaded surface for removably coupling the needle cover to the hub; The system, wherein the needle cover has a sealing configuration in which the needle cover prevents fluid flow through the needle distal end and a venting configuration in which the needle cover allows fluid flow through the needle distal end.

102. 102. The system of claim 101, The system, wherein the needle cover moves from the sealed configuration to the vented configuration by pulling the needle cover distally relative to the syringe body.

103. 102. The system of claim 101, A system, wherein first and second sizes of the distal and proximal drug chambers, respectively, can be varied by relative movement of the proximal and distal stop members with respect to the syringe body.

104. 102. The system of claim 101, The plunger member is a needle retaining feature disposed within the plunger; an energy storage member disposed within the plunger; an energy storage member latch member disposed within the plunger; 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the energy storage member latch member is transformed from a latched state to an unlatched state in response to relative manipulation of the plunger member with respect to the syringe body, thereby allowing the needle to be at least partially retracted within the plunger.

105. 102. The system of claim 101, The system, wherein the needle assembly further comprises a needle latch member configured to couple the needle to the hub.

106. 102. The system of claim 101, The system wherein the distal and proximal drug chambers contain first and second components, respectively, of a drug that are mixed together prior to injection into a patient.

107. 102. The system of claim 101, The system further comprises: a transport configuration in which the needle proximal end feature is disposed within the distal medication chamber; a transfer arrangement, the needle proximal end feature extending at least partially through the distal stopper member and disposed at least partially within the proximal medication chamber; and a mixing arrangement wherein the proximal stop member and the distal stop member contact one another, thereby transferring a first drug component from the proximal drug chamber to the distal drug chamber and mixing the first drug component with a second drug component in the distal drug chamber.

108. 108. The system of claim 107, The needle a distal end opening disposed at the needle distal end; an intermediate opening disposed in the distal medication chamber when the system is in a transport configuration, a transfer configuration and a mixing configuration; and a proximal opening disposed in the proximal medication chamber when the system is in a transport configuration and a transfer configuration.

109. 109. The system of claim 108, The system wherein the proximal opening is a slot.

110. 102. The system of claim 101, The system, characterized in that the needle cover has flexible fingers configured to permit distal movement of the needle cover relative to the hub in the sealed configuration and to prevent distal movement of the needle cover relative to the hub in the venting configuration.

111. 111. The system of claim 110, The system comprises: the hub having a threaded surface configured to interact with the threaded surface of the needle cover and the flexible fingers when the needle cover is in the venting configuration, thereby preventing distal movement of the needle cover relative to the syringe body without relative rotation of the needle cover with respect to the syringe body.

112. 102. The system of claim 101, The system further comprising: a needle cover configured to move from the sealed configuration to the vented configuration by rotating the needle cover relative to the syringe body in a first direction.

113. 113. The system of claim 112, The system, wherein the hub further comprises an interference member configured to removably couple the needle cover to the hub.

114. 102. The system of claim 101, a distal stopper member that moves distally relative to the needle by moving the plunger member distally relative to the syringe body, causing the needle proximal end feature to penetrate the distal stopper member.

115. 1. A system for mixing and injecting pharmaceutical products, comprising: a syringe body defining a proximal opening at a proximal end and a distal needle interface at a distal end; a proximal stop member and a distal stop member disposed on the syringe body, the proximal stop member and the distal stop member forming a proximal medicament chamber therebetween, and a distal stop member and a distal stop member and a distal end of the syringe body forming a distal medicament chamber therebetween; a plunger member defining a plunger interior, the plunger member having a threaded surface such that when the plunger member is rotated relative to the syringe body in a first direction, the plunger member advances to insert the proximal stop member into the syringe body; a needle hub assembly coupled to a distal needle interface of the syringe body, a needle having a needle proximal end feature and a sharp needle distal end; a needle hub assembly including a hub; a needle cover removably coupled to the hub.

116. 116. The system of claim 115, A system, wherein first and second sizes of the distal and proximal drug chambers, respectively, can be varied by relative movement of the proximal and distal stop members with respect to the syringe body.

117. 116. The system of claim 115, The plunger member is a needle retaining feature disposed within the plunger; an energy storage member disposed within the plunger; an energy storage member latch member disposed within the plunger; 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the energy storage member latch member is transformed from a latched state to an unlatched state in response to relative manipulation of the plunger member with respect to the syringe body, thereby allowing the needle to be at least partially retracted within the plunger.

118. 116. The system of claim 115, The system, wherein the needle assembly further comprises a needle latch member configured to couple the needle to the hub.

119. 116. The system of claim 115, The system wherein the distal and proximal drug chambers contain first and second components, respectively, of a drug that are mixed together prior to injection into a patient.

120. 116. The system of claim 115, The system further comprises: a transport configuration in which the needle proximal end feature is disposed within the distal medication chamber; a transfer arrangement, the needle proximal end feature extending at least partially through the distal stopper member and disposed at least partially within the proximal medication chamber; and a mixing arrangement wherein the proximal stop member and the distal stop member contact one another, thereby transferring a first drug component from the proximal drug chamber to the distal drug chamber and mixing the first drug component with a second drug component in the distal drug chamber.

121. 121. The system of claim 120, The needle a distal end opening disposed at the needle distal end; an intermediate opening disposed in the distal medication chamber when the system is in the transport configuration, the transfer configuration and the mixing configuration; and a proximal opening disposed in the proximal medication chamber when the system is in the transport and transfer configurations.

122. 122. The system of claim 121, The system wherein the proximal opening is a slot.

123. 116. The system of claim 115, The system according to claim 1, wherein the threaded surface of the plunger member has a double helical thread.

124. 116. The system of claim 115, The system wherein the threaded surface of the plunger member has a relatively large pitch thread.

125. 125. The system of claim 124, The system wherein the threaded surface of the plunger member has a pitch of 8.5 mm.

126. 116. The system of claim 115, The system comprises a threaded surface of the plunger member configured such that the plunger member can be advanced and the proximal stop member inserted into the syringe body by rotating the plunger member relative to the syringe body in a first direction until the proximal stop member contacts the distal stop member.

127. 116. The system of claim 115, The system further comprises a threaded surface of the plunger member configured such that the plunger member can be advanced by rotating the plunger member relative to the syringe body in a first direction, and further such that the proximal stop member can be inserted into the syringe body just short of contacting the distal stop member.

128. 116. The system of claim 115, the system further comprising a flange coupled to a proximal end of the syringe body, the flange having a threaded surface that interacts with a threaded surface of the plunger member to advance the plunger member and insert the proximal stop member relative to the syringe body during rotation of the plunger member relative to the syringe body.

129. 129. The system of claim 128, The system according to claim 1, wherein a surface of the flange includes a removed wall.

130. 116. The system of claim 115, rotating the plunger member relative to the syringe body in a first direction causes the distal stop member to move distally relative to the needle such that the needle proximal end feature penetrates the distal stop member.

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