Beam structure

Abstract

To provide a beam structure capable of suppressing beam cracking due to load while reducing the beam depth.SOLUTION: A wooden beam 1 made of long square timbers comprises a reinforcing member 4 that extends linearly along a beam height direction and has a reinforcing portion 41 embedded in the beam 1 and a head 42 provided at a base end of the reinforcing portion 41 and exposed from a side surface of the beam 1 in the beam depth direction. In addition, a receiving member 5 configured to receive a load acting on the head 42 is disposed between the side surface of the beam 1 in the beam depth direction and the head 42 of the reinforcing member 41.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a beam structure. [Background technology]

[0002] In the field of wooden architecture, it is known to reinforce connections between beams and columns with metal fittings (see, for example, Patent Document 1). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Patent Publication No. 2022-040518 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] Incidentally, the beams of a building are required to have a strength to withstand loads acting from the upper floors of the building. If a wooden beam does not have the required strength, it may split due to a load acting in the vertical direction, and the splitting may cause the wood fibers of the beam to separate in the beam direction. A common method of preventing beams from splitting is to increase the beam depth to obtain the required strength. However, if the beam depth is increased, the use of the space inside the building is restricted.

[0005] In consideration of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a beam structure that can reduce the beam width while suppressing cracking of the beam due to load. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The beam structure of the first aspect of the present invention comprises a wooden beam made of a long rectangular timber, a reinforcing member having a reinforcing part extending linearly along the beam formation direction and embedded in the beam, and a head part provided at the base end of the reinforcing part and exposed from the side surface of the beam in the beam formation direction, and a receiving member arranged between the side surface of the beam in the beam formation direction and the head part, and configured to receive a load acting on the head part.

[0007] In the first aspect, a wooden beam made of a long rectangular timber is reinforced by a reinforcing member and a receiving member. Here, the reinforcing member has a reinforcing portion that extends linearly along the beam direction and is embedded in the beam. Therefore, when stress is generated in the beam due to a load, the reinforcing portion restrains the wood fibers along the beam direction, so that the beam can be prevented from splitting. In addition, the reinforcing member has a head portion provided at the base end of the reinforcing portion and exposed from the side surface of the beam in the beam direction. Between the head portion of the reinforcing member and the side surface of the beam, a receiving material configured to receive the load acting on the head portion from the side surface of the beam is arranged. This prevents the head portion of the reinforcing member from being embedded in the side surface of the beam that is separated in the beam direction in the early stage of the splitting, and prevents the splitting from spreading. As a result, the effect of suppressing the splitting by the reinforcing portion can be further enhanced. In the first aspect, the strength of the beam can be secured without increasing the beam width. As a result, the beam can be prevented from splitting due to the load while reducing the beam width.

[0008] In the second aspect of the present invention, the beam structure of the first aspect is constructed from a laminated material formed by assembling and bonding in the beam formation direction a plurality of laminas graded for the required strength, and includes a first lamina that forms the side in the beam formation direction, and a second lamina of a different grade from the first lamina that is bonded to the inner layer side of the first lamina, and the reinforcing portion is embedded across the boundary between the first lamina and the second lamina.

[0009] In the second aspect, a wooden beam made of laminated lumber formed by assembling and gluing a number of graded laminas in the beam-forming direction is reinforced by a reinforcing member and a support member. When a wooden beam is made of laminated lumber, cracks are likely to occur at the boundary between laminas of different grades. Here, in the second aspect, the reinforcing portion of the reinforcing member is bonded to a first lamina constituting the side surface in the beam-forming direction and to the inner layer side of the first lamina, and is embedded across the boundary between the first lamina and a second lamina of a different grade. In this way, by embedding the reinforcing portion in the area where cracks are likely to occur, cracks in the beam can be effectively suppressed.

[0010] The beam structure of the third aspect of the present invention is the first or second aspect, in which the reinforcing member is set within a distance L1 along the longitudinal direction from the end of the beam, and the distance L1 is configured to be less than or equal to the beam configuration dimension of the beam.

[0011] It is known that beam cracking due to load is likely to occur at the longitudinal end of the beam where it is connected to a column, etc. According to the third aspect, the reinforcing member is set within a range of distance L1 along the longitudinal direction from the end of the beam, and distance L1 is set to be equal to or less than the beam dimension. As a result, the longitudinal end of the beam is reinforced by the reinforcing member and the support material, so that cracking of the beam can be effectively suppressed.

[0012] The beam structure of the fourth aspect of the present invention is the first or second aspect, wherein the beam has a through hole penetrating from one side to the other side in the beam width direction, and the reinforcing member reinforces the side of the through hole by embedding the reinforcing portion into the side of the through hole.

[0013] Incidentally, ceiling pockets in buildings are sometimes used as piping spaces. Usually, a space for passing piping is provided below the beams that support the floorboards of the upper floors, so the height of the ceiling pocket is designed taking into consideration the beam configuration and the size of the piping. Therefore, in order to avoid increasing the height of the ceiling pocket, it has been considered to provide through holes in the beams to pass the piping through. However, there are concerns about the impact on the strength of the wooden beams used in wooden buildings.

[0014] According to the fourth aspect, the beam is formed with a through hole penetrating from one side surface to the other side surface in the beam width direction. Therefore, by passing a pipe through the through hole, the height of the ceiling space of the wooden building can be reduced. In addition, the beam is provided with a reinforcing member that reinforces the side of the through hole, and a support member that is placed between the side surface of the beam and the reinforcing member. This makes it possible to suppress cracking of the beam while suppressing the height of the ceiling space of the wooden building by firmly reinforcing the periphery of the through hole.

[0015] The beam structure of the fifth aspect is the same as that of the fourth aspect, in which the reinforcing members are arranged on both sides of the through hole and are composed of a first reinforcing member embedded from one side in the beam formation direction and a second reinforcing member embedded from the other side in the beam formation direction.

[0016] According to the fifth aspect, the upper and lower parts of the through hole are evenly reinforced by the first reinforcing member embedded from one side in the beam direction and the second reinforcing member embedded from the other side in the beam direction, thereby making it possible to thoroughly reinforce the periphery of the through hole against stress acting on the through hole.

[0017] In the beam structure of the sixth aspect, in the fourth aspect, the through holes are provided in plurality along the longitudinal direction of the beam, and at least one of the reinforcing members is arranged between adjacent through holes.

[0018] According to the sixth aspect, even if multiple through holes are provided along the longitudinal direction of a long beam, the sides of the multiple through holes are reinforced with reinforcing members and support materials, so that the strength of the building's framework can be maintained. As a result, multiple pipes can be passed through one beam, and the space required for pipes in the ceiling cavity can be saved.

[0019] The structure of the beam in the seventh aspect is the same as that of the first or second aspect, in that a recess is formed on the side of the beam in the beam formation direction facing the receiving material, and the receiving material and the head are housed inside the recess.

[0020] According to the seventh aspect, since the receiving material and the head of the reinforcing member are housed in the recess provided on the side surface of the beam, the position of the receiving material can be stabilized when the reinforcing member is set. This improves the workability when installing the receiving material and the reinforcing member.

[0021] The beam structure of the eighth aspect is the same as that of the first or second aspect, in which the reinforcing member is composed of a screw driven into the side of the beam in the beam formation direction, and the receiving material is composed of a washer.

[0022] According to the eighth aspect, the beam can be reinforced in the beam direction by a screw driven into the side of the beam in the beam direction and a washer placed between the side of the beam and the head of the screw. Also, by forming the receiving material with a washer, the screw driving angle can be guided, and the workability can be improved when embedding the reinforcing member. Effect of the Invention

[0023] As described above, according to the beam structure of the present invention, it is possible to reduce the beam thickness and suppress cracking of the beam due to load. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0024] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a connection point between a beam and a column according to the first embodiment. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of a connection portion between a beam and a column according to the first embodiment. [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a side view of a longitudinal end portion of a beam according to the first embodiment, as viewed from the beam width direction. [Figure 4] 4 is a cross-sectional view of the beam taken along line IV-IV in FIG. 3. [Diagram 5] FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a beam according to a second embodiment. [Figure 6] 6 is a cross-sectional view of the beam taken along line VI-VI in FIG. 5. [Figure 7] 13A and 13B are diagrams illustrating the splitting of a beam due to stress acting on a through hole. [Figure 8] FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a structure of a beam according to a first modified example. [Figure 9] FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a structure of a beam according to a second modified example. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0025] First Embodiment Hereinafter, a beam structure P1 according to the first embodiment applied to the beam 1 will be described with reference to Fig. 1 to Fig. 4. Note that an arrow L shown appropriately in each figure indicates the longitudinal direction of the beam 1, an arrow W indicates the beam width direction of the beam 1, and an arrow H indicates the beam configuration direction of the beam 1.

[0026] FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a connection point between a beam 1 and a column 14. FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing a connection point of the beam 1 to the column 14. FIG. 3 is a side view of the longitudinal end of the beam 1 as viewed from the beam width direction W. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the longitudinal end of the beam 1 is fixed to the column 14 via a connecting metal fitting 16. In addition, a reinforcing member 4 that reinforces the beam 1 in the beam construction direction H is set in the beam 1, and a support member 5 is arranged between the reinforcing member 4 and the side of the beam 1.

[0027] (beam) The beam 1 is a wooden block formed into a long length along a longitudinal direction L, and can form the framework of a wooden building.

[0028] The material of the beam 1 is not particularly limited, but for example, solid wood or laminated wood made of cypress, beige pine, or beige wood can be used.

[0029] The beam 1 of this embodiment is made of structural laminated lumber, and is formed by assembling and bonding a plurality of laminas (sawn boards) 12, which are classified according to the required strength, along the beam forming direction H. Specifically, the plurality of laminas 12 constituting the beam 1 include a first lamina 12A constituting the lower surface of the beam 1, a second lamina 12B bonded to the inner layer side of the first lamina 12A, and a third lamina 12C constituting the upper surface of the beam 1 above the second lamina 12B. The beam 1 is formed by stacking the first lamina 12A, the second lamina 12B, and the third lamina 12C in this order in parallel and bonding them together with an adhesive. Note that the beam 1 of this embodiment is formed of three layers of laminas 12, which is merely an example, and may be formed of less than three layers or more than three layers.

[0030] The grade of each lamina 12 is, for example, a strength grade determined based on the JAS standard, and can be classified according to a grade that is a combination of the bending Young's modulus E and F, which represents the bending strength.

[0031] The first lamina 12A and the third lamina 12C are arranged above and below in the beam formation direction H, and constitute the outermost layer of the beam 1. The first lamina 12A and the third lamina 12C are composed of laminas of the same grade. The second lamina 12B is arranged on the inner layer side of the first lamina 12A and the third lamina 12C. The second lamina 12B is of a different grade different from the first lamina 12A and the third lamina 12C, and is composed of a lamina with a lower strength than the first lamina 12A and the third lamina. In other words, the beam 1 is a symmetrically configured laminated timber with different grades, and in the stacking direction of the multiple laminas (beam formation direction H), the outer layers are arranged with laminas with higher strength.

[0032] The beam 1 is not limited to being made of symmetrically configured laminated timber of different grades, but may be made of asymmetrically configured laminated timber of different grades or of the same grade.

[0033] The size of the beam 1 is set, for example, in a range of 105 mm to 120 mm in beam width and 330 mm or more in beam depth.

[0034] The beam 1 has a first side surface 1A and a second side surface 1B as two surfaces facing each other in the beam width direction W. It also has a third side surface 1C constituting the upper surface and a fourth side surface 1D constituting the lower surface as two surfaces facing each other in the beam configuration direction H. The third side surface 1C and the fourth side surface 1D have recesses 2 formed on the surfaces facing the receiving material 5 described later.

[0035] (Column) The pillars 14 are wooden timbers formed into long vertical lengths, and can form the framework of a wooden building. The material of the pillars 14 is not particularly limited, but solid wood or laminated wood made from, for example, Japanese cypress, Japanese beech, or Japanese laurel can be used.

[0036] The longitudinal end of the beam 1 is connected to the side of the column 14 via a connecting metal 16. The connecting metal 16 has a plate-shaped support part 161 fixed to the side of the column 14, and a pair of connecting parts 162 formed in a plate shape protruding from both ends of the support part 161 in the width direction toward the beam 1 side. The supporting part 161 of the connecting metal 16 is fixed to the side of the column 14 by a bolt (not shown). The pair of connecting parts 162 has an engagement groove 163 formed at the upper end and through holes 164 formed at two places above and below the engagement groove 163, which correspond to the three mounting holes 13 formed in line in the beam-formation direction H at the longitudinal end of the beam 1.

[0037] A pair of slits extending in the longitudinal direction from the end is formed by precutting at the longitudinal end of the beam 1. At the connection point between the beam 1 and the column 14, a pair of connection parts 162 of the connection hardware 16 are inserted into a pair of slits 17 provided at the end of the beam 1. In this state, when the drift pin 18 is inserted into the three mounting holes 13 provided on the side of the beam 1, the drift pin 18 is inserted into the engagement groove 163 and two through holes 164 of the connection hardware 16, and the end of the beam 1 is fixed to the column 14.

[0038] [Regarding beam reinforcement] In the beam structure P1, the beam 1 is reinforced in the beam formation direction H by a reinforcing member 4 and a support member 5.

[0039] (Reinforcing member) The reinforcing member 4 has a reinforcing portion 41 formed in a linear shape and a head portion 42 provided at the base end of the reinforcing portion 41, and can be composed of a metal screw member such as a screw, a bolt, or a lag screw. In this embodiment, a screw is used as the reinforcing member 4. The reinforcing member 4 is driven into the beam 1 from the third side surface 1C or the fourth side surface 1D along the beam formation direction H.

[0040] The reinforcing portion 41 extends linearly along the beam formation direction and is embedded in the beam 1. The head portion 42 protrudes radially outward from the base end portion of the reinforcing portion 41 in a brim-like shape and is exposed from the side surface of the beam 1 in the beam formation direction H.

[0041] Moreover, it is preferable that the reinforcing portion 41 has a tip portion disposed inside the beam 1 and is disposed so as to straddle the boundary between the lamina constituting the side surface of the beam 1 in the beam formation direction H and another lamina disposed on the inner layer side thereof. The boundary between the laminas is prone to cracking due to the load acting on the beam 1. This tendency is more pronounced at the boundary between laminas of different grades. Therefore, by embedding the reinforcing portion 41 at the boundary between the laminas, it is possible to effectively suppress cracking of the beam 1 at the boundary between the laminas. It is also more preferable to dispose the reinforcing portion 41 so as to straddle the boundary between laminas of different grades.

[0042] 3, when a vertical load F acts on the beam 1 from above the building, a vertical compressive load acts on the third side surface 1C constituting the upper surface of the beam 1, and a vertical tensile load acts on the fourth side surface 1D constituting the lower surface of the beam 1. Therefore, cracking of the beam 1 due to the vertical load F is likely to occur in the lower part in the beam direction H where the tensile load acts. For this reason, it is preferable to set the reinforcing member 4 on the lower surface of the beam 1 in the beam direction H, as in one example of this embodiment.

[0043] In this embodiment, the reinforcing member 4 is set on the fourth side surface 1D constituting the lower surface of the beam 1, and the reinforcing portion 41 is configured to straddle the boundary between the first lamina 12A constituting the fourth side surface 1D of the beam 1 and the second lamina 12B arranged on the inner layer side of the first lamina 12A. From the viewpoint of splitting reinforcement of the beam 1, it is more preferable that the length of the reinforcing portion 41 is set to 90% or more of the beam thickness.

[0044] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 3, when the longitudinal end of the beam 1 is reinforced with a reinforcing member 4, the reinforcing member 4 is set within a distance L1 along the longitudinal direction from the end of the beam 1, and more preferably within a distance L2 or more. Distance L1 is, for example, the beam dimension of beam 1, and the range within distance L1 is a range that effectively suppresses cracking of beam 1 originating from the end of beam 1. Distance L2 is, for example, a distance of 35 mm to 50 mm, and the range of distance L2 or more is a range that effectively suppresses cracking of beam 1 caused by embedding reinforcing member 4.

[0045] (received material) The receiving material 5 has a plate-shaped receiving portion 51 and a guide hole 52 through which the reinforcing portion 41 of the reinforcing member 4 is inserted, and can be made of a metal plate-shaped member. In this embodiment, a washer is used as the receiving material 5. The diameter of the guide hole 52 is set to be larger than the diameter of the reinforcing portion 41 and smaller than the diameter of the head portion 42 of the reinforcing member 4, so that only the reinforcing portion 41 can be inserted.

[0046] The receiving member 5 is arranged between the side surface of the beam 1 in the beam formation direction H and the head 42 of the reinforcing member 4, and is configured to receive the load acting on the head 42.

[0047] As shown in FIG. 4, when a screw as a reinforcing member 4 is driven into the side surface of the beam 1 in the beam formation direction H, only the linear reinforcing portion 41 passes through the guide hole 52 of the receiving material 5 and is embedded inside the beam 1. In addition, the head 42 of the reinforcing portion 41 does not pass through the guide hole 52 and is exposed to the side surface of the beam 1 in the beam formation direction H (the fourth side surface 1D in FIG. 4). As a result, the receiving material 5 is disposed between the side surface of the beam 1 and the head 42. In addition, the receiving material 5 and the head 42 are accommodated in the recess 2 formed on the opposing surface of the beam 1 and do not protrude from the side surface of the beam 1. Therefore, no step is generated on the surface of the beam 1 due to the receiving material 5 and the reinforcing member 4, which makes it easier to attach the decorative material that constitutes the design surface to the surface of the beam 1 or to place the floor material. However, from the viewpoint of suppressing the cracking of the beam 1, it is not essential to form the recess 2 on the opposing surface of the beam 1.

[0048] [Action and Effects] As described above, in the beam structure P1 according to the first embodiment, the wooden beam 1 made of a long rectangular timber is reinforced by the reinforcing member 4 and the receiving member 5. Here, the reinforcing member 4 includes a reinforcing portion 41 that extends linearly along the beam direction H and is embedded in the beam 1. Therefore, when stress occurs inside the beam 1 due to a load, the reinforcing portion 41 restrains the wood fibers along the beam direction H, so that the beam 1 can be prevented from cracking. The reinforcing member 4 includes a head portion 42 that is provided at the base end of the reinforcing portion 41 and is exposed from the side surface of the beam 1 in the beam direction H. Between the head portion 42 of the reinforcing member 4 and the side surface of the beam 1 (for example, the fourth side surface 1D), a receiving member 5 configured to receive a load acting on the head portion 42 from the side surface of the beam 1 is disposed. This prevents the head portion 42 of the reinforcing member 4 from being embedded in the side surface of the beam 1 that is separated in the beam direction H in the early stage of the cracking, and prevents the cracking from spreading. As a result, the effect of preventing the cracking by the reinforcing portion 41 can be further enhanced. As a result, in the beam structure P1 according to the first embodiment, the strength of the beam 1 can be ensured without increasing the beam width of the beam 1. As a result, it is possible to suppress cracking of the beam 1 due to load while reducing the beam width.

[0049] In this embodiment, the beam 1 is made of laminated wood in which multiple graded laminas 12 are glued together in the beam-forming direction H. When the wooden beam 1 is made of laminated wood, cracks are likely to occur at the boundary between laminas of different grades. In this embodiment, the reinforcing portion 41 of the reinforcing member 4 is glued to the first lamina 12A constituting the fourth side surface 1D in the beam-forming direction H and the inner layer side of the first lamina 12A, and is embedded across the boundary between the first lamina 12A and the second lamina 12B of a different grade. By embedding the reinforcing portion 41 in the area where cracks are likely to occur, cracks in the beam 1 can be effectively suppressed.

[0050] Incidentally, cracking of the beam 1 due to load is likely to occur at the longitudinal end of the beam 1 connected to the column 14. According to this embodiment, the reinforcing member 4 is set within a range of distance L1 from the end of the beam 1 along the longitudinal direction, and the distance L1 is set to be equal to or less than the beam formation dimension. As a result, the longitudinal end of the beam 1 is reinforced by the reinforcing member 4 and the receiving member 5, so that cracking of the beam 1 can be effectively suppressed.

[0051] In addition, in this embodiment, since the receiving material 5 and the head 42 of the reinforcing member 4 are housed in the recess 2 provided on the side surface of the beam 1, the position of the receiving material 5 can be stabilized when setting the reinforcing member 4. This can improve the workability when setting the receiving material 5 and the reinforcing member 4.

[0052] In this embodiment, the beam 1 can be reinforced in the beam formation direction H by a screw driven into the side surface of the beam in the beam formation direction and a washer placed between the side surface of the beam and the head of the screw. By forming the receiving member 5 with a washer, the screw driving angle can be guided, and the workability can be improved when embedding the reinforcing member 4.

[0053] <Second embodiment> Hereinafter, a beam structure P2 according to the second embodiment will be described. Note that the same components as those in the first embodiment are given the same reference numerals, and detailed descriptions thereof will be omitted.

[0054] As shown in FIGS. 5 to 9, the beam 1 includes a through hole 3 penetrating along the beam formation direction H, and a reinforcing member 4 and a receiving member 5 that reinforce the sides of the through hole 3.

[0055] (beam) The beam 1 according to this embodiment is disposed in a ceiling recess 7 formed between a ceiling material of a lower floor of a building and a floor material 6 of an upper floor (see FIG. 6), and the floor material 6 of the upper floor is disposed on the upper surface of the beam 1. As an example, the size of the beam 1 is set in a range of 105 mm to 120 mm in beam width and 330 mm or more in beam depth.

[0056] (Through hole) The beam 1 is provided with a plurality of through holes 3 (four in this embodiment) along the longitudinal direction L of the beam 1. Each through hole 3 penetrates the beam 1 from a first side surface 1A to a second side surface 1B facing each other in the beam width direction W. The through hole 3 is configured as a round hole having a predetermined diameter φ [mm], and pipes 8 (see FIG. 1) connected to the air conditioning equipment and water supply equipment of the building can be passed through the through hole 3.

[0057] The diameter φ [mm] of the through hole 3 is set appropriately according to the size of the pipe 8, and in relation to the beam 1, it is preferable to set it to 65% or less of the beam thickness. Moreover, it is preferable that the distance D1 between adjacent through holes 3 (the distance between the hole centers O of the through holes 3) is set to be three times the diameter φ [mm] of the through holes 3 or more.

[0058] In one example of this embodiment, the hole center O of the through hole 3 is located on the center line C1 of the beam 1 in the beam formation direction H.

[0059] [Regarding beam reinforcement] In the beam structure P2, the beam 1 is reinforced in the beam formation direction H by a reinforcing member 4 and a support member 5 on the side of the through hole 3.

[0060] (Reinforcing member) 6, the reinforcing part 41 extends linearly along the beam formation direction and is embedded in the side of the through hole 3. The head 42 protrudes radially outward from the base end of the reinforcing part 41 in a brim-like shape and is exposed from the side surface of the beam 1 in the beam formation direction H (the third side surface 1C or the fourth side surface 1D). The reinforcing part 41 has a tip disposed inside the beam 1 and has a length that reaches the side of the through hole 3. From the viewpoint of splitting reinforcement of the beam 1 described later, it is more preferable that the length of the reinforcing part 41 is set to 90% or more of the beam thickness. Moreover, the distance D2 between the through hole 3 and the reinforcing portion 41 of the reinforcing member 4 is preferably set within a range of 35 [mm] to 50 [mm].

[0061] In this embodiment, reinforcing members 4 are arranged on both sides of the beam 1 in the longitudinal direction, sandwiching the through hole 3. Hereinafter, as necessary, the reinforcing member 4 arranged on one side of the beam 1 in the longitudinal direction with respect to the through hole 3 will be referred to as a first reinforcing member 4A, and the reinforcing member 4 arranged on the other side of the beam 1 in the longitudinal direction with respect to the through hole 3 will be referred to as a second reinforcing member 4B.

[0062] As described above, in this embodiment, the first reinforcing member 4A and the second reinforcing member 4B are arranged in a pair on both sides of the through hole 3 in the longitudinal direction of the beam 1. The first reinforcing member 4A and the second reinforcing member 4B are embedded in both sides of the through hole 3 from the top and bottom directions. That is, the first reinforcing member 4A is driven into the side of the through hole 3 from the top surface (third side surface 1C) of the beam 1, and the second reinforcing member 4B is driven into the side of the through hole 3 from the bottom surface (fourth side surface 1D) of the beam 1. This makes it possible to uniformly reinforce the top and bottom of the through hole 3, and to thoroughly reinforce the periphery of the through hole against stress acting on the through hole.

[0063] (received material) The receiving material 5 is configured to be positioned between the side (third side 1C, fourth side 1D) of the beam 1 in the beam formation direction H and the head 42 of the reinforcing member 4, thereby receiving the load acting on the head 42.

[0064] As shown in FIG. 6, when a screw as a reinforcing member 4 is driven into the side surface of the beam 1 in the beam formation direction H, only the linear reinforcing portion 41 passes through the guide hole 52 of the receiving material 5 and is embedded inside the beam 1. In addition, the head 42 of the reinforcing portion 41 does not pass through the guide hole 52 and is exposed to the side surface of the beam 1 in the beam formation direction H (third side surface 1C, fourth side surface 1D). As a result, the receiving material 5 is placed between the side surface of the beam 1 and the head 42. In addition, the receiving material 5 and the head 42 are contained in the recess 2 formed on the opposing surface of the beam 1 and do not protrude from the side surface of the beam 1. Therefore, no step is created on the surface of the beam 1 due to the receiving material 5 and the reinforcing member 4, so that flooring material 6 and the like can be easily placed.

[0065] By arranging the reinforcing members 4 and the receiving members 5 as described above, at least one reinforcing member 4 is arranged between the through holes 3 adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction L of the beam 1 .

[0066] [Action and Effects] The operation and effect of the structure of the beam 1 according to the above embodiment will be described below. First, the stress acting on the through hole 3 will be described with reference to FIG.

[0067] [Stress acting on through holes and beam splitting] Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a beam 1 having a through hole 3, viewed from the beam width direction W. This diagram shows a support F1 supported by a column on the lower floor, and a load F2 acting from above on the top surface (third side surface 1C) of the beam 1 due to loading from a floor material 6, a structure on the upper floor, etc.

[0068] As shown in this figure, an upward load from the support F1 and a downward load F2 act on the beam 1. As a result, a combined stress of bending moment and shear force acts on the position of the through hole 3, which may cause a split failure between the through hole 3 and the end of the beam 1 in the longitudinal direction L, or the expansion of the split around the through hole 3. In particular, when a plurality of through holes 3 are provided along the longitudinal direction of a long beam 1, cracks are likely to occur between adjacent through holes 3.

[0069] For this reason, in order to effectively reinforce the beam 1 against cracks caused by stress acting on the through hole 3, it is desirable to provide a reinforcing part extending in the beam formation direction on the side of the through hole 3. By providing such a reinforcing part, it is possible to restrain the wood fibers in the beam formation direction H and reinforce cracks extending in the longitudinal direction L of the beam 1.

[0070] Furthermore, when reinforcing parts are made of screws or the like, when the beam 1 is split, a load acts on the heads of the screws or the like from the opposing surface of the beam 1 due to wood fibers that have separated in the beam formation direction H. In this case, the side surface of the wooden beam may lack strength as a reaction surface, causing the heads to become embedded. If the heads become embedded inside the beam 1, the binding force of the wood fibers by the reinforcing parts 41 will be weakened, so from the perspective of increasing the reinforcing effect of the beam 1 against splitting, it is desirable to prevent the heads of reinforcing members such as screws from becoming embedded.

[0071] Incidentally, as in the present embodiment, the ceiling space of a building may be used as a piping space. Normally, a space for passing piping is provided below the beams supporting the floorboards of the upper floor, so the height of the ceiling space is designed taking into consideration the beam configuration and the size of the piping. Therefore, in order to avoid increasing the height of the ceiling space, it has been considered to provide through holes in the beams for passing the piping. However, there are concerns about the effect on the strength of the beams in wooden beams used in wooden buildings.

[0072] Here, in the structure of the beam 1 according to this embodiment, the wooden beam 1 made of a long rectangular timber has a through hole 3 formed therein that penetrates in the beam width direction W from the third side surface 1C to the fourth side surface 1D. Therefore, by passing a pipe 8 (see FIG. 5) through the through hole 3, the height of the ceiling recess 7 can be reduced as shown in FIG. 6.

[0073] The beam 1 is provided with a reinforcing member 4 and a receiving member 5 that reinforce the side of the through hole 3. Here, the reinforcing member 4 has a reinforcing part 41 that extends linearly along the beam formation direction and is embedded in the side of the through hole. Therefore, the same effect as the first embodiment is achieved, and the side of the through hole can be reinforced in the beam formation direction H. As a result, the periphery of the through hole can be firmly reinforced, and the beam can be prevented from cracking while suppressing the ceiling height of the wooden building.

[0074] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the first reinforcing member 4A and the second reinforcing member 4B are disposed on either side of the through hole 3, and the reinforcing members 4 are embedded from one side and the other side in the beam formation direction. This allows the upper and lower parts of the through hole 3 to be reinforced evenly, and the periphery of the through hole 3 can be thoroughly reinforced against stress acting on the through hole 3.

[0075] In this embodiment, at least one reinforcing member 4 is disposed between adjacent through holes 3. As a result, even if multiple through holes are provided along the longitudinal direction of a long beam 1, the sides of the multiple through holes 3 are reinforced by the reinforcing member 4 and the support member 5, and the strength of the building's framework can be maintained. As a result, multiple pipes 8 can be passed through one beam, and the space required for pipes in the ceiling cavity can be saved.

[0076] [About modified examples] Although the beam structures P1 and P2 according to the first and second embodiments have been described above, the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, in the reinforcing member according to the present invention, the "linear reinforcing portion extending along the beam formation direction of the beam" includes both the reinforcing portion 41 extending parallel to the beam formation direction H of the beam 1 as in the above embodiment, and the reinforcing portion 41 extending in a direction inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the beam formation direction H.

[0077] (First Modification) Fig. 8 shows a first modified example of beam structures P1 and P2. This first modified example is characterized in that the reinforcing portion 41 of the reinforcing member 4 extends in a direction inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the beam formation direction H. The other configurations are the same as those of the above-mentioned embodiments. Note that Fig. 8 describes, as an example, a case in which the reinforcing member 4 is set on the side of the through hole 3.

[0078] In the first modified example, the linear reinforcing portion 41 is inclined in a direction forming an angle θ with respect to the beam formation direction H when viewed from the beam width direction W. In this way, by inclining the reinforcing portion 41 at a predetermined angle with respect to the beam formation direction H, the dimension of the reinforcing portion 41 can be made longer compared to a configuration in which the reinforcing portion 41 is parallel to the beam formation direction H. This makes it possible to expand the range of split reinforcement of the beam 1 by one reinforcing portion 41.

[0079] From the viewpoint of expanding the range of split reinforcement of the beam 1, the linear reinforcement portion 41 may be inclined in a direction forming an angle θ with respect to the beam configuration direction H when viewed from the longitudinal direction L of the beam.

[0080] (Second Modification) In addition, in each of the above embodiments, one guide hole 52 is formed in the receiving material 5, but this is not limited thereto. As in the structure of the beam 1 according to the second modified example shown in Fig. 9, two guide holes consisting of a first guide hole 91 and a second guide hole 93 may be formed in a plate-shaped receiving portion 91 of the receiving material 9. From the viewpoint of reducing the cost of parts, the receiving material 9 can be formed, for example, with a two-hole washer. Note that Fig. 9 will be used to explain the case where a reinforcing member 4 is set on the side of the through hole 3 as an example.

[0081] The first guide hole 91 is inserted with the reinforcing portion 41 of the reinforcing member 4, as in the above embodiment. The second guide hole 93 is inserted with an auxiliary reinforcing member 10, which is designed with a linear reinforcing portion shorter than the reinforcing member 4. The auxiliary reinforcing member 10 has a linear reinforcing portion 101 extending along the beam direction H and a head portion 102 provided at the base end of the reinforcing portion 101, and can be composed of a metal screw member such as a screw, a bolt, or a lag screw. In this embodiment, a screw is used as the auxiliary reinforcing member 10. The diameter of the second guide hole 93 is set to be larger than the diameter of the reinforcing portion 101 and smaller than the diameter of the head portion 102, and only the reinforcing portion 101 can be inserted.

[0082] The auxiliary reinforcing member 10 passes through the second guide hole 93 and is disposed at a position spaced apart from the through hole 3 relative to the reinforcing member 4 .

[0083] In the second modified example, after the receiving material 9 and auxiliary reinforcing member 10 are installed on the side surface of the beam 1 in the beam formation direction H, the reinforcing member 4 can be embedded on the side of the through hole 3. This allows the reinforcing member 4 to be installed while the receiving material 9 is temporarily fixed to the side surface of the beam 1, which is easy to work with. Also, while the upper and lower parts of the beam 1 are prone to separation when cracked due to stress, in the second modified example, the two reinforcing parts 41, 102 overlap at the upper and lower parts of the beam 1, so that the reinforcement of the parts prone to cracking can be strengthened.

[0084] In the second modified example, the auxiliary reinforcing member 10 can be substituted for the reinforcing member 4. That is, two reinforcing members 4 may be embedded side by side. In this case, the resistance to the shear force acting on the through hole 3 can be effectively increased.

[0085] [supplementary explanation]

[0086] In the above embodiment, the reinforcing members 4 are arranged in pairs on both sides of the through hole 3 in the longitudinal direction of the beam 1, but this is not limiting. For example, if the span between the support of the beam 1 supported by the column and the through hole is short, the reinforcing members may be omitted between the support and the through hole.

[0087] In the above embodiment, the reinforcing member 4 and the receiving member 5 are made of metal, but this is not limiting. They may be made of other materials as long as the necessary strength can be ensured from the viewpoint of splitting reinforcement of the beam 1.

[0088] In addition, in each of the above-described embodiments and modified examples, the recess 2 may be omitted. That is, the head 41 of the reinforcing member 4 and the receiving member 5 may protrude from the side surface of the beam 1 by the thickness of the head 41 and the receiving member 5. In particular, in the lower surface (fourth side surface 1D) of the beam 1 that is not in contact with the floor material 6 or the like, the recess 2 may be omitted from the viewpoint of reducing processing costs. [Explanation of symbols]

[0089] 1 beam 1A First side (one side in the beam width direction) 1B 2nd side (other side in the beam width direction) 1C 3rd side (one side in the beam direction) 1D 4th side (other side in the beam direction) 2 Recess 3 Through holes 4 Reinforcing material (screws) 4A First reinforcing member (reinforcing member, screw) 4B Second reinforcing member (reinforcing member, screw) 41 Reinforcement 42 Head 5 Receiving material (washer) L1 Distance from the end of the beam in the longitudinal direction P1 Beam structure P2 Beam structure

Claims

1. A wooden beam made of long square timber, a reinforcing member including a reinforcing portion extending linearly along a beam forming direction and embedded in the beam, and a head portion provided at a base end of the reinforcing portion and exposed from a side surface of the beam in the beam forming direction; A support member is disposed between the head and a side surface of the beam in a beam formation direction and configured to receive a load acting on the head; A beam structure comprising:

2. The beam is made of a laminated material formed by assembling and bonding a plurality of laminas graded for a required strength in the beam direction, and includes a first lamina constituting the side surface in the beam direction, and a second lamina bonded to the inner layer side of the first lamina and having a different grade from the first lamina, The reinforcing portion is embedded across the boundary between the first lamina and the second lamina. The beam structure of claim 1 .

3. The reinforcing member is set within a range of a distance L1 from the end of the beam along the longitudinal direction, The distance L1 is configured to be equal to or less than the beam dimension of the beam. A beam structure according to claim 1 or 2.

4. The beam has a through hole penetrating from one side surface to the other side surface in the beam width direction, The reinforcing member reinforces the side of the through hole by embedding the reinforcing portion in the side of the through hole. A beam structure according to claim 1 or 2.

5. The reinforcing members are disposed on both sides of the through hole, A first reinforcing member embedded in the beam from one side in the beam configuration direction; A second reinforcing member embedded in the beam from the other side in the beam configuration direction. The beam structure according to claim 4.

6. The through holes are provided in a plurality of positions along the longitudinal direction of the beam, and at least one of the reinforcing members is disposed between adjacent through holes. The beam structure according to claim 4.

7. A recess is formed on the side surface of the beam in the beam formation direction facing the receiving material, and the receiving material and the head are housed inside the recess. A beam structure according to claim 1 or 2.

8. The reinforcing member is formed of a screw driven into a side surface of the beam in a beam forming direction, The receiving material is composed of a washer. A beam structure according to claim 1 or 2.

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