Sprayed concrete evaluation device and sprayed concrete evaluation method

Abstract

To provide a sprayed concrete evaluation device and a sprayed concrete evaluation method that can more accurately evaluate the smoothness of sprayed concrete.SOLUTION: A sprayed concrete evaluation device comprises: a first processing unit that partitions a position data group showing a three-dimensional shape of sprayed concrete into a plurality of groups for a boundary, and sets a determination boundary to a partition area of the sprayed concrete corresponding to the group for a boundary; a second processing unit that partitions the position data group into a plurality of groups for evaluation, and acquires an average position for every group for evaluation; and a third processing unit that evaluates the smoothness of the sprayed concrete on the basis of the determination boundary and the average position.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a sprayed concrete evaluation device and a sprayed concrete evaluation method. [Background technology]

[0002] The New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM) is known as a construction method for mountain tunnels. This method involves excavating mountain tunnels while reinforcing the natural ground by using steel supports, sprayed concrete, rock bolts, etc. The sprayed concrete functions as a support material with a homogeneous thin film structure, so if the sprayed surface is not smooth, it will lead to partial stress concentration and interference with stress transmission, resulting in a reduced support effect.

[0003] In addition, if the sprayed concrete surface is extremely uneven, it can cause the waterproof sheet to break or the lining concrete to crack due to external restraint. Therefore, if protrusions are found on the surface of the sprayed concrete, heavy machinery equipped with a scraper is used to scrape off the excess surface and smooth the surface.

[0004] On the other hand, if depressions are found on the surface of the sprayed concrete, measures such as spraying more sprayed concrete are taken. Guidelines for unevenness on the sprayed surface are set out in the Tunnel Construction Management Guidelines. At mountain tunnel construction sites, sprayed concrete is managed in accordance with the Tunnel Construction Management Guidelines, but unevenness is judged and treated visually during construction, and a quantitative evaluation is made at a later date using measurements from a total station (TS).

[0005] Prior art related to the construction management of such mountain tunnels includes the measurement system, measurement processing device, and measurement method described in the following Patent Document 1. This measurement system, measurement processing device, and measurement method are capable of easily and accurately determining whether excavation at the face is excessive or insufficient by acquiring the three-dimensional shape of the face using a three-dimensional scanner.

[0006] In addition, the following Patent Document 2 discloses a construction management device and a construction management method. This construction management device and method manages the completed form of a construction object such as a tunnel excavation by using three-dimensional shape data of a planned construction site of the construction object, thereby shortening the work time for construction management. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0007] [Patent Document 1] JP 2017-058312 A [Patent Document 2] JP 2017-218792 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0008] Incidentally, it is possible to use three-dimensional shape data obtained by a three-dimensional scanner to evaluate the smoothness of sprayed concrete, but because the positions of the point cloud that forms the three-dimensional shape data (measurement points) vary, there is a risk that the unevenness of the sprayed concrete will be misidentified if the three-dimensional shape data is used directly to evaluate the smoothness of the sprayed concrete.

[0009] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned circumstances, and aims to provide a sprayed concrete evaluation device and a sprayed concrete evaluation method that are capable of more accurately evaluating the smoothness of sprayed concrete. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention adopts, as a first solution means related to a sprayed concrete evaluation device, a first processing unit that divides a group of position data indicating the three-dimensional shape of the sprayed concrete into a plurality of boundary groups and sets a judgment boundary in a divided area of ​​the sprayed concrete corresponding to the boundary group, a second processing unit that divides the group of position data into a plurality of evaluation groups and obtains an average position for each evaluation group, and a third processing unit that evaluates the smoothness of the sprayed concrete based on the judgment boundary and the average position.

[0011] In the present invention, as a second solution related to the sprayed concrete evaluation device, in the above-mentioned first solution, the first processing unit adopts a means for setting the judgment boundary by applying the least squares method to the multiple groups of position data included in the boundary group.

[0012] In the present invention, as a third solution related to a sprayed concrete evaluation device, a means is adopted in which, in the above-mentioned first or second solution, the evaluation group corresponds to a narrower divided area narrower than the divided area corresponding to the boundary group.

[0013] The present invention adopts a fourth solution relating to a sprayed concrete evaluation device, in which any of the above first to third solutions is further provided with a projector that projects the evaluation results of the third processing unit onto the sprayed concrete, and the third processing unit divides the smoothness evaluation results into areas requiring repair and areas not requiring repair and outputs the results to the projector.

[0014] The present invention provides a fifth solution related to a sprayed concrete evaluation device, which is the same as the fourth solution, in which the third processing unit color-codes the areas requiring repair into areas requiring scraping and areas requiring additional spraying, and outputs the colored images to the projector.

[0015] In the present invention, as a solution relating to a method for evaluating sprayed concrete, a means is adopted in which a computer is made to process the following steps: a first step of dividing a group of position data indicating the three-dimensional shape of the sprayed concrete into a plurality of boundary groups and setting a judgment boundary in a divided area of ​​the sprayed concrete corresponding to the boundary group; a second step of dividing the group of position data into a plurality of evaluation groups and obtaining an average position for each evaluation group; and a third step of evaluating the smoothness of the sprayed concrete based on the judgment boundary and the average position. Effect of the Invention

[0016] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a shotcrete evaluation device and a shotcrete evaluation method that are capable of more accurately evaluating the smoothness of shotcrete. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0017] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of a sprayed concrete evaluation device according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 2] 1 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of a sprayed concrete evaluation device according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 3] 1 is a flowchart showing a method for evaluating sprayed concrete according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a first schematic diagram showing a method for evaluating shotcrete according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 5] FIG. 2 is a second schematic diagram showing a method for evaluating sprayed concrete according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6] FIG. 3 is a third schematic diagram showing a method for evaluating sprayed concrete according to one embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0018] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The sprayed concrete evaluation device A according to this embodiment includes a device body 1 and a total station 2 (TS) as shown in Fig. 1. The device body 1 and the total station 2 are installed in the vicinity of the sprayed concrete W (evaluation target) sprayed in an arc shape onto an excavation surface C (evaluation target surface) in an excavation hole B (tunnel) as shown in the figure.

[0019] As shown in the figure, a tunnel coordinate system (x', y', z') is set for the excavation hole B (tunnel). This tunnel coordinate system (x', y', z') is based on the tunnel design data and is an orthogonal coordinate system consisting of three axes (x' axis, y' axis, and z' axis). The heavy machinery shown in Figure 1 is for repairing the sprayed concrete W, such as scraping or spraying additional concrete.

[0020] 2, the device main body 1 includes, as functional components, a three-dimensional scanner 3, a personal computer 4, a projector 5, and a protective container 6. The three-dimensional scanner 3 is a three-dimensional measuring device that obtains point cloud data relating to the surface (arc-shaped sprayed surface) of the sprayed concrete W on the excavation surface C (tunnel circumferential surface). This point cloud data is a group of position data indicating the positions of the three-dimensional scanner 3 and a plurality of measurement points on the arc-shaped sprayed surface, with the coordinates of the three-dimensional scanner 3 as the reference position.

[0021] The three-dimensional scanner 3 outputs such point cloud data (position data group) to the personal computer 4. That is, the three-dimensional scanner 3 outputs the point cloud data (position data group) to the personal computer 4 as three-dimensional shape data indicating the three-dimensional shape of the surface (sprayed surface) of the sprayed concrete W having a predetermined area.

[0022] The personal computer 4 is a general-purpose computer that performs a predetermined arithmetic process on the point cloud data (position data group) to evaluate the smoothness of the surface of the shotcrete W. That is, the personal computer 4 evaluates the smoothness of the shotcrete W by executing an evaluation program preinstalled as an application program.

[0023] As will be described in more detail later, the personal computer 4 classifies a number of virtually defined divided areas on the surface of the sprayed concrete W into areas Pk requiring scraping, areas Pm requiring additional spraying, and areas Pf not requiring scraping or additional spraying, as an evaluation result regarding the smoothness of the sprayed concrete W.

[0024] Further, the personal computer 4 outputs the evaluation result regarding the smoothness of the shotcrete W as an evaluation image signal to the projector 5. This evaluation image signal is a still image signal for projection mapping the evaluation result of the shotcrete W onto the surface of the shotcrete W.

[0025] Here, such a personal computer 4 corresponds to the first, second and third processing units of the present invention. That is, the personal computer 4 is a data processing unit that divides the point cloud data (position data group) of the shotcrete W into a plurality of boundary groups, sets a judgment boundary in a divided area of ​​the shotcrete W corresponding to the boundary group, divides the position data group into a plurality of evaluation groups, obtains an average position for each evaluation group, and evaluates the smoothness of the shotcrete W based on the judgment boundary of each boundary group and the average position of each evaluation group.

[0026] The projector 5 performs projection mapping of the evaluation result regarding the smoothness of the shotcrete W based on the evaluation image signal input from the personal computer 4 onto the surface of the shotcrete W. In other words, the mapping image displayed by the projector 5 on the surface of the shotcrete W shows each divided area on the surface of the shotcrete W in a different manner depending on the evaluation result.

[0027] As shown in the figure, the protective container 6 is a box-shaped container that houses the three-dimensional scanner 3, the personal computer 4, and the projector 5, and forms the outer shape of the device main body 1. That is, the protective container 6 houses the three-dimensional scanner 3, the personal computer 4, and the projector 5 inside, thereby protecting the three-dimensional scanner 3, the personal computer 4, and the projector 5 from dust, water, and the like.

[0028] Such a protective container 6 is provided with a light-transmitting window 7. This light-transmitting window 7 is a window that transmits the projection light emitted from the projector 5, and is formed of a transparent plate. Note that this light-transmitting window 7 may be a simple opening, but from the viewpoint of protecting the three-dimensional scanner 3, the personal computer 4, and the projector 5 from dust, water, etc., it is preferable that a transparent plate such as a glass plate or an acrylic plate is fitted into the opening.

[0029] Furthermore, three prisms 8a to 8c are provided in the protective container 6. As shown in the figure, these three prisms 8a to 8c are discretely arranged on the rectangular top surface of the protective container 6. That is, the three prisms 8a to 8c are provided, for example, at any three of the four corners of the rectangular top surface of the protective container 6.

[0030] The total station 2 is a surveying instrument provided separately from the device main body 1, that is, separately from the three-dimensional scanner 3, the personal computer 4, and the projector 5. This total station 2 is used to measure the positions of three prisms 8a to 8c provided on the rectangular upper surface of a protective container 6.

[0031] Next, the operation of the shotcrete evaluation device A according to this embodiment, that is, the shotcrete evaluation method using the shotcrete evaluation device A, will be described in detail with reference to Figs.

[0032] When evaluating the smoothness of sprayed concrete W using the sprayed concrete evaluation device A, first, the device main body 1 and the total station 2 (TS) are placed on a tripod and power is supplied to the device main body 1 (step S1). That is, in this step S1, the evaluation operator places the device main body 1 and the total station 2 (TS) on their own tripods, and then operates the power switch of the device main body 1 to turn on the power.

[0033] Then, the rear observation of the total station 2 (TS) is performed, and the coordinates (positions) of the three prisms 8a to 8c provided on the device main body 1 are measured (step S2). That is, when the work of step S1 is completed, the evaluation worker measures the coordinates of the total station 2 (TS) using the total station 2 (TS), and then measures the coordinates (xa, ya, za), (xb, yb, zb), and (xc, yc, zc) of the three prisms 8a to 8c with the total station 2 (TS) as the reference position (x0, y0, z0).

[0034] Next, point cloud data (position data group) relating to the surface (sprayed surface) of the sprayed concrete W is acquired (step S3). That is, the evaluation operator operates the device main body 1 to cause the three-dimensional scanner 3 to acquire point cloud data (position data group) of the sprayed surface. This point cloud data (position data group) represents the three-dimensional shape of the surface (sprayed surface) of the sprayed concrete W having a predetermined area, that is, the uneven state of the sprayed surface.

[0035] The three-dimensional scanner 3 measures the distances to a plurality of measurement points on the sprayed surface by irradiating the surface (sprayed surface) of the sprayed concrete W with measurement light in a scanning manner and receiving the reflected light of the measurement light at a predetermined time interval. Then, the three-dimensional scanner 3 outputs point cloud data (position data group) indicating the positions of the sprayed surface to the personal computer 4.

[0036] Next, the personal computer 4 performs coordinate conversion of the point cloud data (position data group) thus acquired by the three-dimensional scanner 3 (step S4). That is, the personal computer 4 converts the point cloud data (position data group) in the inherent coordinate system (scanner coordinate system) of the three-dimensional scanner 3 into the tunnel coordinate system (x', y', z') by using the coordinates (xa, ya, za), (xb, yb, zb), (xc, yc, zc) of the three prisms 8a to 8c and the tunnel design data.

[0037] When the personal computer 4 acquires the point cloud data of the tunnel coordinate system (x', y', z') by the above coordinate conversion, it is ready to evaluate the smoothness of the surface (arc-shaped sprayed surface) of the shotcrete W. The personal computer 4 evaluates the smoothness of the sprayed surface of the shotcrete W by the subsequent processes (evaluation processes) of steps S5 to S8.

[0038] In this evaluation process, the personal computer 4 first divides the point cloud data (position data group) of the tunnel coordinate system (x', y', z') into a plurality of boundary groups (step S5). That is, as shown in Fig. 4, the personal computer 4 generates a plurality of boundary groups by dividing the point cloud data in the circumferential direction (within the y'-z' plane) of the excavation hole B (tunnel) by an angle of α°.

[0039] As shown in the drawing, the boundary group includes a plurality of point cloud data (position data group). That is, the personal computer 4 generates a plurality of boundary groups by setting the angle α° so that each boundary group includes a plurality of point cloud data.

[0040] Then, the personal computer 4 sets a judgment boundary for each boundary group for evaluating the smoothness of the sprayed surface (step S6). In this step S6, the personal computer 4 first applies the least squares method to the point cloud data belonging to each boundary group to obtain an evaluation reference line as shown in Fig. 4. This evaluation reference line is an asymptote of the point cloud data in a plurality of boundary division regions regarding the sprayed surface divided by a plurality of boundary groups.

[0041] Then, the personal computer 4 determines two judgment boundaries based on the evaluation reference line. That is, as shown in Fig. 4, the personal computer 4 determines, for each boundary group, judgment boundaries that are two straight lines that are displaced from the evaluation reference line by a predetermined deviation distance ±d and are parallel to the evaluation reference line.

[0042] Next, the personal computer 4 calculates the average value of the point cloud data (position data group) for multiple evaluation groups (step S7). In this step S7, the personal computer 4 first divides the point cloud data into multiple evaluation groups. The averaging groups are generated by dividing the point cloud data in the circumferential direction (within the y'-z' plane) of the excavation hole B (tunnel) for each angle β° obtained by dividing the above-mentioned angle α° by a predetermined natural number.

[0043] As shown in Fig. 5, this evaluation group corresponds to a narrower divided area of ​​the sprayed surface that is narrower than the divided area of ​​the sprayed surface that corresponds to the boundary group for setting the judgment boundary. Such an evaluation group determines the smoothness evaluation unit (evaluation divided area) of the sprayed surface, that is, the evaluation resolution of the smoothness of the sprayed surface. Then, the personal computer 4 calculates the average value (position average value) of the point cloud data for each evaluation group, as shown in Fig. 5.

[0044] Then, the personal computer 4 evaluates the necessity of repair for each evaluation group (smoothness evaluation unit) based on the judgment boundary of each evaluation group and the average value of each evaluation group obtained in step S6 (step S8). That is, for each evaluation group (smoothness evaluation unit), it is determined whether or not the average value of the point cloud data exists in the area between two judgment boundaries.

[0045] More specifically, the personal computer 4 classifies an evaluation group (smoothness evaluation unit) whose average value of the point cloud data is on the inside of the inner judgment boundary of the two judgment boundaries as a part requiring scraping Pk. Also, the personal computer 4 classifies an evaluation group (smoothness evaluation unit) whose average value of the point cloud data is on the outside of the outer judgment boundary of the two judgment boundaries as a part requiring additional spraying Pm.

[0046] Furthermore, the personal computer 4 classifies the evaluation group (smoothness evaluation unit) in which the average value of the point cloud data is between the two judgment boundaries into a region Pf that does not require scraping or additional spraying. Then, the personal computer 4 generates an evaluation image signal indicating the judgment result of the necessity of repair based on the evaluation result of step S8 (step S9).

[0047] 6, this evaluation image signal is used to display the smoothness evaluation result on the projector 5 in a color-coded manner. The personal computer 4 outputs the smoothness evaluation result to the projector 5 by color-coding the areas requiring repair (areas requiring scraping Pk and areas requiring additional spraying Pm) and areas not requiring repair (areas not requiring scraping or additional spraying Pf), and also outputs the areas requiring repair to the projector 5 by color-coding the areas requiring scraping Pk and areas requiring additional spraying Pm.

[0048] The projector 5 displays (projection mapping) the evaluation result of smoothness on the excavation surface C (surface to be evaluated) based on the evaluation image signal input from the personal computer 4 (step S10). Then, when the evaluation result of smoothness is displayed (projection mapping) on ​​the excavation surface C (surface to be evaluated) (step S11), the repair worker repairs the parts requiring repair (areas requiring scraping Pk and areas requiring additional spraying Pm) using heavy machinery (step S12).

[0049] In this shotcrete evaluation method, when the repair work based on the projection mapping of the evaluation image onto the excavated surface C (surface to be evaluated) is completed, step S3 is executed again to evaluate the validity of the repair result.

[0050] The sprayed concrete evaluation device A of this embodiment includes a personal computer 4 (first processing unit) that divides a group of position data indicating the three-dimensional shape of the sprayed concrete W into a plurality of boundary groups and sets a judgment boundary in the divided area of ​​the sprayed concrete W corresponding to the boundary group, a personal computer 4 (second processing unit) that divides the group of position data into a plurality of evaluation groups and obtains an average position for each evaluation group, and a personal computer 4 (third processing unit) that evaluates the smoothness of the sprayed concrete W based on the judgment boundary and the average position.

[0051] According to this embodiment, the smoothness of the sprayed concrete W is not evaluated by directly using the point cloud data (position data group) acquired by the three-dimensional scanner 3, but a judgment boundary is set for each divided area (each boundary group) of the sprayed concrete W, and an average position is acquired for each area separate from the divided areas.The smoothness of the sprayed concrete W is evaluated based on the judgment boundary and average position obtained by data processing of such point cloud data (position data group).Therefore, a sprayed concrete evaluation device A can be provided that can more accurately evaluate the smoothness of the sprayed concrete W.

[0052] Moreover, the personal computer 4 (first processing unit) in this embodiment obtains an evaluation reference line by applying the least squares method to a plurality of position data groups included in the boundary group, and sets two judgment boundaries based on this evaluation reference line. According to this embodiment, it is possible to easily set an evaluation reference line for each divided area (each boundary group) of the sprayed concrete W.

[0053] In this embodiment, the evaluation group for evaluating the smoothness of the sprayed concrete W corresponds to a partitioned area narrower than the partitioned area corresponding to the boundary group for setting the evaluation reference line. According to this embodiment, the smoothness is evaluated for each narrow partitioned area corresponding to the evaluation group, so that the smoothness of the sprayed concrete W can be evaluated more accurately.

[0054] Moreover, the shotcrete evaluation device A further includes a projector 5 that performs projection mapping of the evaluation results of the personal computer 4 (third processing section) onto the shotcrete W, and the personal computer 4 (third processing section) outputs the smoothness evaluation results to the projector 5 after dividing them into areas requiring repair and areas not requiring repair. According to this embodiment, the repair worker can easily grasp the areas requiring repair and areas not requiring repair in the shotcrete W, and can therefore easily perform the repair work.

[0055] Furthermore, the personal computer 4 (third processing unit) outputs the areas requiring repair to the projector 5 by color-coding them into areas requiring scraping and areas requiring additional spraying. According to this embodiment, the repair worker can easily grasp the areas requiring scraping and areas requiring additional spraying in the shotcrete W, and can therefore easily perform the repair work.

[0056] Furthermore, the sprayed concrete evaluation method of this embodiment has a personal computer 4 process the following steps: a first step of dividing a group of position data indicating the three-dimensional shape of the sprayed concrete W into a plurality of boundary groups and setting a judgment boundary in the divided area of ​​the sprayed concrete W corresponding to the boundary group; a second step of dividing the three-dimensional shape data into a plurality of evaluation groups and obtaining an average position for each evaluation group; and a third step of evaluating the smoothness of the sprayed concrete W based on the judgment boundary and the average position.

[0057] According to this embodiment, instead of directly using the point cloud data (position data group) acquired by the three-dimensional scanner 3 to evaluate the smoothness of the sprayed concrete W, the personal computer 4 sets a judgment boundary for each divided area of ​​the sprayed concrete W and acquires an average position for each area separate from the divided areas, and evaluates the smoothness of the sprayed concrete W based on the judgment boundary and average position obtained by data processing of such point cloud data (position data group), thereby providing a sprayed concrete evaluation method that can more accurately evaluate the smoothness of the sprayed concrete W. [Explanation of symbols]

[0058] A. Shotcrete evaluation device B Drilling hole C Excavation surface W Sprayed Concrete 1. Device body 2. Total Station 3. 3D Scanner 4. Personal Computers 5. Projector 6 Protective container 7 Light-transmitting window 8a~8c Prism

Claims

1. A first processing unit that divides a position data group indicating a three-dimensional shape of the sprayed concrete into a plurality of boundary groups and sets a judgment boundary in a divided area of ​​the sprayed concrete corresponding to the boundary group; A second processing unit that divides the position data group into a plurality of evaluation groups and obtains an average position for each of the evaluation groups; a third processing unit that evaluates the smoothness of the sprayed concrete based on the judgment boundary and the average position; A sprayed concrete evaluation device comprising:

2. The sprayed concrete evaluation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first processing unit sets the judgment boundary by applying a least squares method to the multiple position data groups included in the boundary group.

3. The sprayed concrete evaluation device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the evaluation group corresponds to a narrower divided area narrower than the divided area corresponding to the boundary group.

4. The method further includes a projector that performs projection mapping of the evaluation result of the third processing unit onto the sprayed concrete, 3. The sprayed concrete evaluation device according to claim 1, wherein the third processing unit outputs the evaluation result of the smoothness to the projector by dividing the result into areas requiring repair and areas not requiring repair.

5. 5. The sprayed concrete evaluation device according to claim 4, wherein the third processing unit outputs the areas requiring repair to the projector by color-coding the areas requiring scraping and the areas requiring additional spraying.

6. A first step of dividing a group of position data indicating a three-dimensional shape of the sprayed concrete into a plurality of boundary groups and setting a judgment boundary in a divided area of ​​the sprayed concrete corresponding to the boundary group; A second step of dividing the position data group into a plurality of evaluation groups and obtaining an average position for each of the evaluation groups; a third step of evaluating the smoothness of the sprayed concrete based on the judgment boundary and the average position; A method for evaluating sprayed concrete, comprising processing the above by a computer.

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